{"pageNumber":"1313","pageRowStart":"32800","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165309,"records":[{"id":70188618,"text":"70188618 - 2014 - Frequency-dependent seismic attenuation in the eastern United States as observed from the 2011 central Virginia earthquake and aftershock sequence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-19T09:57:49","indexId":"70188618","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Frequency-dependent seismic attenuation in the eastern United States as observed from the 2011 central Virginia earthquake and aftershock sequence","docAbstract":"<p><span>Ground shaking due to earthquakes in the eastern United States (EUS) is felt at significantly greater distances than in the western United States (WUS) and for some earthquakes it has been shown to display a strong preferential direction. Shaking intensity variation can be due to propagation path effects, source directivity, and/or site amplification. In this paper, we use </span><i>S</i><span> and </span><i>Lg</i><span> waves recorded from the 2011 central Virginia earthquake and aftershock sequence, in the Central Virginia Seismic Zone, to quantify attenuation as frequency‐dependent </span><i>Q</i><span>(</span><i>f</i><span>). In support of observations based on shaking intensity, we observe high </span><i>Q</i><span> values in the EUS relative to previous studies in the WUS with especially efficient propagation along the structural trend of the Appalachian mountains. Our analysis of </span><i>Q</i><span>(</span><i>f</i><span>) quantifies the path effects of the northeast‐trending felt distribution previously inferred from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) “Did You Feel It” data, historic intensity data, and the asymmetrical distribution of rockfalls and landslides.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120130045","usgsCitation":"McNamara, D.E., Gee, L., Benz, H.M., and Chapman, M., 2014, Frequency-dependent seismic attenuation in the eastern United States as observed from the 2011 central Virginia earthquake and aftershock sequence: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 104, no. 1, p. 55-72, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120130045.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"72","ipdsId":"IP-045883","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342629,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89,\n              30\n            ],\n            [\n              -70,\n              30\n            ],\n            [\n              -70,\n              44\n            ],\n            [\n              -89,\n              44\n            ],\n            [\n              -89,\n              30\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"104","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5948e2a7e4b062508e354c76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McNamara, Daniel E. 0000-0001-6860-0350 mcnamara@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6860-0350","contributorId":402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNamara","given":"Daniel","email":"mcnamara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gee, Lind 0000-0003-2883-9847 lgee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2883-9847","contributorId":193064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gee","given":"Lind","email":"lgee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Benz, Harley M. 0000-0002-6860-2134 benz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-2134","contributorId":794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"Harley","email":"benz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chapman, Martin","contributorId":45622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Martin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70189137,"text":"70189137 - 2014 - Proterozoic geochronological links between the Farewell, Kilbuck, and Arctic Alaska terranes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-07T20:57:09","indexId":"70189137","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3566,"text":"The Journal of Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Proterozoic geochronological links between the Farewell, Kilbuck, and Arctic Alaska terranes","docAbstract":"<p><span>New U-Pb igneous and detrital zircon ages reveal that despite being separated by younger orogens, three of Alaska’s terranes that contain Precambrian rocks—Farewell, Kilbuck, and Arctic Alaska—are related. The Farewell and Kilbuck terranes can be linked by felsic magmatism at ca. 850 Ma and by abundant detrital zircons in the Farewell that overlap the ca. 2010–2085 Ma age range of granitoids in the Kilbuck. The Farewell and Arctic Alaska terranes have already been linked via correlative Neoproterozoic to Devonian carbonate platform deposits that share nearly identical faunas of mixed Siberian and Laurentian affinity. New igneous ages strengthen these ties. Specifically, 988, 979, and 979 Ma metafelsites in the Farewell terrane are close in age to a 971 Ma granitic orthogneiss in the Arctic Alaska terrane. Likewise, 852, 850, 845, and 837 Ma granitic orthogneisses, metafelsite, and rhyolite in the Farewell terrane are similar to the reported 874 to 848 Ma age range of metarhyolites in the Arctic Alaska terrane. The Kilbuck and Arctic Alaska terranes have been previously linked on the basis of provenance: detrital zircons from the Carboniferous Nuka Formation in the Arctic Alaska terrane range from 2013 to 2078 Ma, overlapping the age of Kilbuck granitoids. A new 849 Ma age of a Kilbuck granitoid strengthens the proposed connection. Among the other new results from Kilbuck terrane is a 2085 Ma zircon from a granitoid that now stands as the oldest tightly dated rock in Alaska. We conclude that the Kilbuck, Farewell, and Arctic Alaska terranes were not independent entities with unique geologic histories but instead are related pieces of the circum-Arctic tectonic puzzle.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/675663","usgsCitation":"Bradley, D., McClelland, W.C., Friedman, R.M., O’Sullivan, P.B., Layer, P., Miller, M.L., Dumoulin, J.A., Till, A.B., Abbott, J.G., Bradley, D.B., and Wooden, J.L., 2014, Proterozoic geochronological links between the Farewell, Kilbuck, and Arctic Alaska terranes: The Journal of Geology, v. 122, no. 3, p. 237-258, https://doi.org/10.1086/675663.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"258","ipdsId":"IP-052584","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343250,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Paul","contributorId":194067,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Layer","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miller, Marti L. 0000-0003-0285-4942 mlmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0285-4942","contributorId":561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Marti","email":"mlmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Till, Alison B. atill@usgs.gov","contributorId":2482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Till","given":"Alison","email":"atill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Abbott, J. Grant","contributorId":194068,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abbott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Grant","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Bradley, Dan B.","contributorId":44429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Dan","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wooden, Joseph L.","contributorId":193587,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wooden","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70111257,"text":"70111257 - 2014 - Relationship of weed shiner and young-of-year bluegill and largemouth bass abundance to submersed aquatic vegetation in Navigation Pools 4, 8, and 13 of the Upper Mississippi River, 1998-2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-17T09:44:18","indexId":"70111257","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-16T15:31:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":44,"text":"Long Term Resource Monitoring Program Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2014-T001","title":"Relationship of weed shiner and young-of-year bluegill and largemouth bass abundance to submersed aquatic vegetation in Navigation Pools 4, 8, and 13 of the Upper Mississippi River, 1998-2012","docAbstract":"Aquatic vegetation provides food resources and shelter for many species of fish. This study found a significant relationship between increases in submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV) in four study reaches of the <a href=\"http://www.umesc.usgs.gov/umesc_about/about_umrs.html\" target=\"_blank\">Upper Mississippi River</a> (UMR) and increases in catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) of weed shiners (<i>Notropis texanus</i>) and age-0 bluegills (<i>Lepomis macrochirus</i>) and largemouth bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>) when all of the study reaches were treated collectively using <a href=\"http://www.umesc.usgs.gov/ltrmp.html\" target=\"_blank\">Long Term Resource Monitoring Program</a> (LTRMP) vegetation and fish data for 1998–2012. The selected fishes were more abundant in study reaches with higher SAV frequencies (Pool 8 and Lower Pool 4) and less abundant in reaches with lower SAV frequencies (Pool 13 and Upper Pool 4). When each study reach was examined independently, the relationship between SAV frequency and CPUE of the three species was not significant in most cases, the primary exception being weed shiners in Lower Pool 4. Results of this study indicate that the prevalence of SAV does affect relative abundance of these vegetation-associated fish species. However, the poor annual relationship between SAV frequency and age-0 relative abundance in individual study reaches indicates that several other factors also govern age-0 abundance. The data indicate that there may be a SAV frequency threshold in backwaters above which there is not a strong relationship with abundance of these fish species. This is indicated by the high annual CPUE variability of the three selected fishes in backwaters of Pool 8 and Lower Pool 4 when SAV exceeded certain frequencies.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","collaboration":"A product of the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program, an element of the  U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ Upper Mississippi River Restoration-Environmental Management Program","usgsCitation":"DeLain, S.A., and Popp, W.A., 2014, Relationship of weed shiner and young-of-year bluegill and largemouth bass abundance to submersed aquatic vegetation in Navigation Pools 4, 8, and 13 of the Upper Mississippi River, 1998-2012: Long Term Resource Monitoring Program Technical Report 2014-T001, v. 2014-T001, vii, 29 p.","productDescription":"vii, 29 p.","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1998-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-007949","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288669,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mis/ltrmp2014-t001/pdf/ltrmp2014-t001.pdf"},{"id":288670,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70111257.jpg"},{"id":288029,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mis/ltrmp2014-t001/"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Upper Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.24,36.0 ], [ -97.24,49.38 ], [ -87.5,49.38 ], [ -87.5,36.0 ], [ -97.24,36.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"2014-T001","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae780ae4b0abf75cf2c899","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeLain, Steven A.","contributorId":76032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLain","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Popp, Walter A.","contributorId":75858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Popp","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70108082,"text":"ofr20141076 - 2014 - The hydrogeology of the Tully Valley, Onondaga County, New York: an overview of research, 1992-2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-16T15:25:50","indexId":"ofr20141076","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-16T15:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1076","title":"The hydrogeology of the Tully Valley, Onondaga County, New York: an overview of research, 1992-2012","docAbstract":"Onondaga Creek begins approximately 15 miles south of Syracuse, New York, and flows north through the Onondaga Indian Nation, then through Syracuse, and finally into Onondaga Lake in central New York. Tully Valley is in the upper part of the Onondaga Creek watershed between U.S. Route 20 and the Valley Heads end moraine near Tully, N.Y. Tully Valley has a history of several unusual hydrogeologic phenomena that affected past land use and the water quality of Onondaga Creek; the phenomena are still present and continue to affect the area today (2014). These phenomena include mud volcanoes or mudboils, landslides, and land-surface subsidence; all are considered to be naturally occurring but may also have been influenced by human activity. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Onondaga Lake Partnership, began a study of the Tully Valley mudboils beginning in October 1991 in hopes of understanding (1) what drives mudboil activity in order to remediate mudboil influence on the water quality of Onondaga Creek, and (2) land-surface subsidence issues that have caused a road bridge to collapse, a major pipeline to be rerouted, and threatened nearby homes. Two years into this study, the 1993 Tully Valley landslide occurred just over 1 mile northwest of the mudboils. This earth slump-mud flow was the largest landslide in New York in more than 70 years (Fickies, 1993); this event provided additional insight into the geology and hydrology of the valley. As the study of the Tully Valley mudboils progressed, other unusual hydrogeologic phenomena were found within the Tully Valley and provided the opportunity to perform short-term, small-scale studies, some of which became graduate student theses—Burgmeier (1998), Curran (1999), Morales-Muniz (2000), Baldauf (2003), Epp (2005), Hackett, (2007), Tamulonis (2010), and Sinclair (2013). The unusual geology and hydrology of the Tully Valley, having been investigated for more than two decades, provides the basis for this report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141076","issn":"2331-1258","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Onondaga Lake Partnership","usgsCitation":"Kappel, W.M., 2014, The hydrogeology of the Tully Valley, Onondaga County, New York: an overview of research, 1992-2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1076, Report: 27 p.; Appendix 1: Video 1 and Video 2, mov and wmv files; Appendix 2 and 3: HTML document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141076.","productDescription":"Report: 27 p.; Appendix 1: Video 1 and Video 2, mov and wmv files; Appendix 2 and 3: HTML document","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1992-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-052339","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288665,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141076.jpg"},{"id":288662,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1076/videos/ofr2014-1076_video01_2011.mov"},{"id":288663,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1076/videos/ofr2014-1076_video02_2013.mov"},{"id":288660,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1076/"},{"id":288661,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1076/pdf/ofr2014-1076.pdf"},{"id":288664,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1076/appendix.html"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Onondaga County","otherGeospatial":"Tully Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.166667,42.833333 ], [ -76.166667,42.875 ], [ -76.125,42.875 ], [ -76.125,42.833333 ], [ -76.166667,42.833333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae786ce4b0abf75cf2d47c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kappel, William M. 0000-0002-2382-9757 wkappel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2382-9757","contributorId":1074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kappel","given":"William","email":"wkappel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70112533,"text":"70112533 - 2014 - Strong ground motions generated by earthquakes on creeping faults","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-07T13:26:26","indexId":"70112533","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-16T14:53:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strong ground motions generated by earthquakes on creeping faults","docAbstract":"A tenet of earthquake science is that faults are locked in position until they abruptly slip during the sudden strain-relieving events that are earthquakes. Whereas it is expected that locked faults when they finally do slip will produce noticeable ground shaking, what is uncertain is how the ground shakes during earthquakes on creeping faults. Creeping faults are rare throughout much of the Earth's continental crust, but there is a group of them in the San Andreas fault system. Here we evaluate the strongest ground motions from the largest well-recorded earthquakes on creeping faults. We find that the peak ground motions generated by the creeping fault earthquakes are similar to the peak ground motions generated by earthquakes on locked faults. Our findings imply that buildings near creeping faults need to be designed to withstand the same level of shaking as those constructed near locked faults.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014GL060228","usgsCitation":"Harris, R.A., and Abrahamson, N., 2014, Strong ground motions generated by earthquakes on creeping faults: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 41, no. 11, p. 3870-3875, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL060228.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"3870","endPage":"3875","numberOfPages":"6","ipdsId":"IP-057099","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472939,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014gl060228","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":288659,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288656,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014GL060228"}],"volume":"41","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7844e4b0abf75cf2cf8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harris, Ruth A. 0000-0002-9247-0768 harris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-0768","contributorId":786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Ruth","email":"harris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abrahamson, Norman A.","contributorId":45202,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abrahamson","given":"Norman A.","affiliations":[{"id":13174,"text":"Pacific Gas & Electric","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":494838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70112521,"text":"70112521 - 2014 - Atrazine reduces reproduction in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-14T16:02:09","indexId":"70112521","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-16T14:31:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Atrazine reduces reproduction in Japanese medaka (<i>Oryzias latipes</i>)","title":"Atrazine reduces reproduction in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes)","docAbstract":"Atrazine is an effective broadleaf herbicide and the second most heavily used herbicide in the United States. Effects along the hypothalamus–pituitary–gonad axis in a number of vertebrate taxa have been demonstrated. Seasonally elevated concentrations of atrazine in surface waters may adversely affect fishes, but only a few studies have examined reproductive effects of this chemical. The present study was designed to evaluate a population endpoint (egg production) in conjunction with histological (reproductive stage, gonad pathology) and biochemical (aromatase activity, sex hormone production) phenotypes associated with atrazine exposure in Japanese medaka. Adult virgin breeding groups of one male and four females were exposed to nominal concentrations of 0, 0.5, 5.0, and 50 μg/L (0, 2.3, 23.2, 231 nM) of atrazine in a flow-through diluter for 14 or 38 days. Total egg production was lower (36–42%) in all atrazine-exposed groups as compared to the controls. The decreases in cumulative egg production of atrazine-treated fish were significant by exposure day 24. Reductions in total egg production in atrazine treatment groups were most attributable to a reduced number of eggs ovulated by females in atrazine-treated tanks. Additionally, males exposed to atrazine had a greater number of abnormal germ cells. There was no effect of atrazine on gonadosomatic index, aromatase protein, or whole body 17 β-estradiol or testosterone. Our results suggest that atrazine reduces egg production through alteration of final maturation of oocytes. The reduced egg production observed in this study was very similar to our previously reported results for fathead minnow. This study provides further information with which to evaluate atrazine's risk to fish populations.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.05.022","usgsCitation":"Papoulias, D.M., Tillitt, D.E., Talykina, M.G., Whyte, J.J., and Richter, C., 2014, Atrazine reduces reproduction in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes): Aquatic Toxicology, v. 154, p. 230-239, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.05.022.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"230","endPage":"239","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-053237","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288654,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288653,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.05.022"}],"volume":"154","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7634e4b0abf75cf2bed4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Papoulias, Diana M. 0000-0002-5106-2469 dpapoulias@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5106-2469","contributorId":2726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papoulias","given":"Diana","email":"dpapoulias@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E. 0000-0002-8278-3955 dtillitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","contributorId":1875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"dtillitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Talykina, Melaniya G.","contributorId":98646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talykina","given":"Melaniya","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whyte, Jeffrey J.","contributorId":100738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whyte","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Richter, Catherine A.","contributorId":100990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"Catherine A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70112510,"text":"70112510 - 2014 - Modeling the influence of organic acids on soil weathering","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-16T14:14:35","indexId":"70112510","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-16T14:10:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling the influence of organic acids on soil weathering","docAbstract":"Biological inputs and organic matter cycling have long been regarded as important factors in the physical and chemical development of soils. In particular, the extent to which low molecular weight organic acids, such as oxalate, influence geochemical reactions has been widely studied. Although the effects of organic acids are diverse, there is strong evidence that organic acids accelerate the dissolution of some minerals. However, the influence of organic acids at the field-scale and over the timescales of soil development has not been evaluated in detail. In this study, a reactive-transport model of soil chemical weathering and pedogenic development was used to quantify the extent to which organic acid cycling controls mineral dissolution rates and long-term patterns of chemical weathering. Specifically, oxalic acid was added to simulations of soil development to investigate a well-studied chronosequence of soils near Santa Cruz, CA. The model formulation includes organic acid input, transport, decomposition, organic-metal aqueous complexation and mineral surface complexation in various combinations. Results suggest that although organic acid reactions accelerate mineral dissolution rates near the soil surface, the net response is an overall decrease in chemical weathering. Model results demonstrate the importance of organic acid input concentrations, fluid flow, decomposition and secondary mineral precipitation rates on the evolution of mineral weathering fronts. In particular, model soil profile evolution is sensitive to kaolinite precipitation and oxalate decomposition rates. The soil profile-scale modeling presented here provides insights into the influence of organic carbon cycling on soil weathering and pedogenesis and supports the need for further field-scale measurements of the flux and speciation of reactive organic compounds.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2014.05.003","usgsCitation":"Lawrence, C., Harden, J.W., and Maher, K., 2014, Modeling the influence of organic acids on soil weathering: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 139, p. 487-507, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2014.05.003.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"487","endPage":"507","numberOfPages":"21","ipdsId":"IP-052158","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288644,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288642,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2014.05.003"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Santa Cruz","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.156811,36.945639 ], [ -122.156811,37.005569 ], [ -122.00901,37.005569 ], [ -122.00901,36.945639 ], [ -122.156811,36.945639 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"139","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae777de4b0abf75cf2c14f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawrence, Corey R. clawrence@usgs.gov","contributorId":4478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"Corey R.","email":"clawrence@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":494795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harden, Jennifer W. 0000-0002-6570-8259 jharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":1971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Jennifer","email":"jharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maher, Kate","contributorId":97824,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maher","given":"Kate","affiliations":[{"id":7039,"text":"Stanford University, Department of Geoloigcal and Environmental Sciences, Stanford, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":494796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70112470,"text":"70112470 - 2014 - The use of solvent extractions and solubility theory to discern hydrocarbon associations in coal, with application to the coal-supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-16T12:19:02","indexId":"70112470","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-16T12:13:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of solvent extractions and solubility theory to discern hydrocarbon associations in coal, with application to the coal-supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> system","docAbstract":"Samples of three high volatile bituminous coals were subjected to parallel sets of extractions involving solvents dichloromethane (DCM), carbon disulfide (CS<sub>2</sub>), and supercritical carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) (40 °C, 100 bar) to study processes affecting coal–solvent interactions. Recoveries of perdeuterated surrogate compounds, n-hexadecane-d34 and four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), added as a spike prior to extraction, provided further insight into these processes. Soxhlet-DCM and Soxhlet-CS<sub>2</sub> extractions yielded similar amounts of extractable organic matter (EOM) and distributions of individual hydrocarbons. Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> extractions (40 °C, 100 bar) yielded approximately an order of magnitude less EOM. Hydrocarbon distributions in supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> extracts generally mimicked distributions from the other solvent extracts, albeit at lower concentrations. This disparity increased with increasing molecular weight of target hydrocarbons. Five- and six-ring ring PAHs generally were not detected and no asphaltenes were recovered in supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> extractions conducted at 40 °C and 100 bar. Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> extraction at elevated temperature (115 °C) enhanced recovery of four-ring and five-ring PAHs, dibenzothiophene (DBT), and perdeuterated PAH surrogate compounds. These results are only partially explained through comparison with previous measurements of hydrocarbon solubility in supercritical CO<sub>2</sub>. Similarly, an evaluation of extraction results in conjunction with solubility theory (Hildebrand and Hansen solubility parameters) does not fully account for the hydrocarbon distributions observed among the solvent extracts. Coal composition (maceral content) did not appear to affect surrogate recovery during CS<sub>2</sub> and DCM extractions but might affect supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> extractions, which revealed substantive uptake (partitioning) of PAH surrogates into the coal samples. This uptake was greatest in the sample (IN-1) with the highest vitrinite content. These findings indicate that hydrocarbon solubility does not exert a strong influence on hydrocarbon behavior in the systems studied. Other factors such as coal composition and maceral content, surface processes (physisorption), or other molecular interactions appear to affect the partitioning of hydrocarbons within the coal–supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> system. Resolving the extent to which these factors might affect hydrocarbon behavior under different geological settings is important to efforts seeking to model petroleum generation, fractionation and expulsion from coal beds and to delineate potential hydrocarbon fate and transport in geologic CO<sub>2</sub> sequestration settings.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Organic Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.orggeochem.2014.05.002","usgsCitation":"Kolak, J.J., and Burruss, R.A., 2014, The use of solvent extractions and solubility theory to discern hydrocarbon associations in coal, with application to the coal-supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> system: Organic Geochemistry, v. 73, p. 56-69, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2014.05.002.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"56","endPage":"69","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-052577","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288626,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288615,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2014.05.002"}],"volume":"73","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7871e4b0abf75cf2d567","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolak, Jonathan J.","contributorId":59100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolak","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burruss, Robert A. 0000-0001-6827-804X burruss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6827-804X","contributorId":558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burruss","given":"Robert","email":"burruss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":494753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70112450,"text":"70112450 - 2014 - Modeling regeneration responses of big sagebrush (<i>Artemisia tridentata</i>) to abiotic conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-16T14:03:08","indexId":"70112450","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-16T12:06:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling regeneration responses of big sagebrush (<i>Artemisia tridentata</i>) to abiotic conditions","docAbstract":"Ecosystems dominated by big sagebrush, <i>Artemisia tridentata</i> Nuttall (Asteraceae), which are the most widespread ecosystems in semiarid western North America, have been affected by land use practices and invasive species. Loss of big sagebrush and the decline of associated species, such as greater sage-grouse, are a concern to land managers and conservationists. However, big sagebrush regeneration remains difficult to achieve by restoration and reclamation efforts and there is no regeneration simulation model available. We present here the first process-based, daily time-step, simulation model to predict yearly big sagebrush regeneration including relevant germination and seedling responses to abiotic factors. We estimated values, uncertainty, and importance of 27 model parameters using a total of 1435 site-years of observation. Our model explained 74% of variability of number of years with successful regeneration at 46 sites. It also achieved 60% overall accuracy predicting yearly regeneration success/failure. Our results identify specific future research needed to improve our understanding of big sagebrush regeneration, including data at the subspecies level and improved parameter estimates for start of seed dispersal, modified wet thermal-time model of germination, and soil water potential influences. We found that relationships between big sagebrush regeneration and climate conditions were site specific, varying across the distribution of big sagebrush. This indicates that statistical models based on climate are unsuitable for understanding range-wide regeneration patterns or for assessing the potential consequences of changing climate on sagebrush regeneration and underscores the value of this process-based model. We used our model to predict potential regeneration across the range of sagebrush ecosystems in the western United States, which confirmed that seedling survival is a limiting factor, whereas germination is not. Our results also suggested that modeled regeneration suitability is necessary but not sufficient to explain sagebrush presence. We conclude that future assessment of big sagebrush responses to climate change will need to account for responses of regenerative stages using a process-based understanding, such as provided by our model.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.04.021","usgsCitation":"Schlaepfer, D., Lauenroth, W.K., and Bradford, J.B., 2014, Modeling regeneration responses of big sagebrush (<i>Artemisia tridentata</i>) to abiotic conditions: Ecological Modelling, v. 286, p. 66-77, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.04.021.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"66","endPage":"77","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-049397","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288625,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288601,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.04.021"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.79,29.95 ], [ -124.79,49.0 ], [ -99.93,49.0 ], [ -99.93,29.95 ], [ -124.79,29.95 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"286","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae777de4b0abf75cf2c14d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schlaepfer, Daniel R.","contributorId":105189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schlaepfer","given":"Daniel R.","affiliations":[{"id":7098,"text":"University of Wyoming, Department of Botany, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":494742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lauenroth, William K.","contributorId":80982,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lauenroth","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7098,"text":"University of Wyoming, Department of Botany, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":494741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradford, John B. 0000-0001-9257-6303 jbradford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-6303","contributorId":611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"John","email":"jbradford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70110811,"text":"sir20145012 - 2014 - Dissolved-solids sources, loads, yields, and concentrations in streams of the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-29T13:40:28","indexId":"sir20145012","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-16T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5012","title":"Dissolved-solids sources, loads, yields, and concentrations in streams of the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"<p>Recent studies have shown that excessive dissolved-solids concentrations in water can have adverse effects on the environment and on agricultural, domestic, municipal, and industrial water users. Such effects motivated the U.S. Geological Survey&rsquo;s National Water Quality Assessment Program to develop a SPAtially-Referenced Regression on Watershed Attributes (SPARROW) model that has improved the understanding of sources, loads, yields, and concentrations of dissolved solids in streams of the conterminous United States.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Using the SPARROW model, long-term mean annual dissolved-solids loads from 2,560 water-quality monitoring stations were statistically related to several spatial datasets that are surrogates for dissolved-solids sources and land-to-water delivery processes. Specifically, sources in the model included variables representing geologic materials, road deicers, urban lands, cultivated lands, and pasture lands. Transport of dissolved solids from these sources was modulated by land-to-water delivery variables that represent precipitation, streamflow, soil, vegetation, terrain, population, irrigation, and artificial drainage characteristics. Where appropriate, the load estimates, source variables, and transport variables were statistically adjusted to represent conditions for the base year 2000. The nonlinear least-squares estimated SPARROW model was used to predict long-term mean annual conditions for dissolved-solids sources, loads, yields, and concentrations in a digital hydrologic network representing nearly 66,000 stream reaches and their corresponding incremental catchments that drain the Nation.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Nationwide, the predominant source of dissolved solids yielded from incremental catchments and delivered to local streams is geologic materials in 89 percent of the catchments, road deicers in 5 percent of the catchments, pasture lands in 3 percent of the catchments, urban lands in 2 percent of the catchments, and cultivated lands in 1 percent of the catchments. Whereas incremental catchments with dissolved solids that originated predominantly from geologic sources or from urban lands are found across much of the Nation, incremental catchments with dissolved solids yields that originated predominantly from road deicers are largely found in the Northeast, and incremental catchments with dissolved solids that originated predominantly from cultivated or pasture lands are largely found in the West. The total amount of dissolved solids delivered to the Nation&rsquo;s streams is 271.9 million metric tons (Mt) annually, of which 194.2 million Mt (71.4%) come from geologic sources, 37.7 million Mt (13.9%) come from road deicers, 18.2 million Mt (6.7%) come from pasture lands, 13.9 million Mt (5.1%) come from urban lands, and 7.9 million Mt (2.9%) come from cultivated lands.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Nationwide, the median incremental-catchment yield delivered to local streams is 26 metric tons per year per square kilometer [(Mt/yr)/km<sup>2</sup>]. Ten percent of the incremental catchments yield less than 4 (Mt/yr)/km<sup>2</sup>, and 10 percent yield more than 90 (Mt/yr)/km<sup>2</sup>. Incremental-catchment yields greater than 50 (Mt/yr)/km<sup>2</sup> mostly occur along the northern part of the West Coast and in a crescent shaped band south of the Great Lakes. For example, the median incremental-catchment yield is 81 (Mt/yr)/km<sup>2</sup> for the Great Lakes, 78 (Mt/yr)/km<sup>2</sup> for the Ohio, and 74 (Mt/yr)/km<sup>2</sup> for the Upper Mississippi water-resources regions. Incremental-catchment yields less than 10 (Mt/yr)/km<sup>2</sup> mostly occur in a wide band across the arid lowland of the interior West that excludes areas along the coast and the extensive, higher mountain ranges. For example, the median incremental-catchment yield is 3 (Mt/yr)/km<sup>2</sup> for the Lower Colorado, 5 (Mt/yr)/km<sup>2</sup> for the Rio Grande, and 8 (Mt/yr)/km<sup>2</sup> for the Great Basin water-resources regions.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Predicted incremental loads were cascaded down through the reach network, with loads accumulating from reach to reach. For most stream reaches, the entire incremental load of dissolved solids delivered to the reach was transported to either the ocean or to one of the large streams flowing along the U.S. international boundary without losses occurring along the way. The exceptions to this include streams in the southwestern part of the country, such as the Colorado River, Rio Grande, and streams of internally drained drainages in the Great Basin, where dissolved-solids loads decreased through streamflow diversion for off-stream use, or by infiltration through the streambed.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Long-term mean annual flow-weighted concentrations were derived from the predicted accumulated-load and stream-discharge data. Widespread low concentrations, generally less than 100 milligrams per liter (mg/L), occur in many reaches of the New England, South Atlantic-Gulf, and Pacific Northwest water-resources regions as a result of moderate dissolved-solids yields and high runoff rates. Widespread moderate concentrations, generally between 100 and 500 mg/L, occur in many reaches of the Great Lakes, Ohio, and Upper Mississippi River water-resources regions. Whereas dissolved-solids yields are generally high in these regions, runoff rates are also high, which helps moderate concentrations in these regions. Widespread higher concentrations, generally greater than 500 mg/L, occur across a belt of reaches that extends almost continuously from Canada to Mexico in the Midwest, cutting through the Souris-Red-Rainy, Missouri, Arkansas-White-Red, Texas-Gulf, and Rio Grande water-resources regions. Although dissolved-solids yields are moderate to low in these areas, low runoff rates result in the high concentrations for these areas.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>In 12.6 percent of the Nation&rsquo;s stream reaches, predicted concentrations of dissolved solids exceed 500 mg/L, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency&rsquo;s secondary, nonenforceable drinking water standard. While this standard provides a metric for evaluating predicted concentrations in the context of drinking-water supplies, it should be noted that it only applies to drinking water actually served to customers by water utilities, and it does not apply to all stream reaches in the Nation nor does it apply during times when water is not being withdrawn for use. Exceedance of 500 mg/L is more pronounced in certain water-resources regions than others. For example, about half of the reaches in the Souris-Red-Rainy region have concentrations predicted to exceed 500 mg/L, and between 25 and 37 percent of the reaches in the Missouri, Arkansas-White-Red, Texas-Gulf, Rio Grande, and Lower Colorado regions are predicted to exceed 500 mg/L.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Development of stream-load data for use in the SPARROW model also provided long-term temporal trend information in dissolved-solids concentrations at the monitoring stations for their period of record, which was constrained between 1980 and 2009. For the 2,560 monitoring stations used in this study, long-term trends in flow-adjusted dissolved-solids concentrations increased over time at 23 percent of the stations, decreased at 18 percent of the stations, and did not change over time at 59 percent of the stations. Long-term trends show a strong regional spatial pattern where from the western parts of the Great Plains to the West Coast, concentrations mostly either did not change or decreased over time, and from the eastern parts of the Great Plains to the East Coast, concentrations mostly either did not change or increased over time.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Results from the trend analysis and from the SPARROW model indicate that, compared to monitoring stations with no trends or decreasing trends, stations with increasing trends are associated with a smaller percentage of the predicted dissolved-solids load originating from geologic sources, and a larger percentage originating from urban lands and road deicers. Conversely, compared to stations with increasing trends or no trends, stations with decreasing trends have a larger percentage of the predicted dissolved-solids load originating from geologic sources and a smaller percentage originating from urban lands and road deicers. Stations with decreasing trends also have larger percentages of predicted dissolved-solids load originating from cultivated lands and pasture lands, compared to stations with increasing trends or no trends.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145012","collaboration":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Anning, D.W., and Flynn, M., 2014, Dissolved-solids sources, loads, yields, and concentrations in streams of the conterminous United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5012, Report: viii, 101 p.; Appendixes 1-4, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145012.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 101 p.; Appendixes 1-4","numberOfPages":"113","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-037458","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science 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,{"id":70103153,"text":"fs20143042 - 2014 - Arsenic, iron, lead, manganese, and uranium concentrations in private bedrock wells in southeastern New Hampshire, 2012-2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-16T08:12:28","indexId":"fs20143042","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-16T08:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3042","title":"Arsenic, iron, lead, manganese, and uranium concentrations in private bedrock wells in southeastern New Hampshire, 2012-2013","docAbstract":"<p>Trace metals, such as arsenic, iron, lead, manganese, and uranium, in groundwater used for drinking have long been a concern because of the potential adverse effects on human health and the aesthetic or nuisance problems that some present. Moderate to high concentrations of the trace metal arsenic have been identified in drinking water from groundwater sources in southeastern New Hampshire, a rapidly growing region of the State (Montgomery and others, 2003). During the past decade (2000–10), southeastern New Hampshire, which is composed of Hillsborough, Rockingham, and Strafford Counties, has grown in population by nearly 48,700 (or 6.4 percent) to 819,100. These three counties contain 62 percent of the State’s population but encompass only about 22 percent of the land area (New Hampshire Office of Energy and Planning, 2011). According to a 2005 water-use study (Hayes and Horn, 2009), about 39 percent of the population in these three counties in southeastern New Hampshire uses private wells as sources of drinking water, and these wells are not required by the State to be routinely tested for trace metals or other contaminants.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Some trace metals have associated human-health benchmarks or nonhealth guidelines that have been established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to regulate public water supplies. The EPA has established a maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 micrograms per liter (μg/L) for arsenic (As) and a MCL of 30 μg/L for uranium (U) because of associated health risks (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2012). Iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) are essential for human health, but Mn at high doses may have adverse cognitive effects in children (Bouchard and others, 2011; Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 2012); therefore, the EPA has issued a lifetime health advisory (LHA) of 300 μg/L for Mn. Recommended secondary maximum contaminant levels (SMCLs) for Fe (300 μg/L) and Mn (50 μg/L) were established primarily as nonhealth guidelines—based on aesthetic considerations, such as taste or the staining of laundry and plumbing fixtures—because these contaminants, at the SMCLs, are not considered to present risks to human health. Because lead (Pb) contamination of drinking water typically results from corrosion of plumbing materials belonging to water-system customers but still poses a risk to human health, the EPA established an action level (AL) of 15 μg/L for Pb instead of an MCL or SMCL (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2012). The 15-μg/L AL for Pb has been adopted by the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services for public water systems, and if exceeded, the public water system must inform their customers and undertake additional actions to control corrosion in the pipes of the distribution system (New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, 2013).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Unlike the quality of drinking water provided by public water suppliers, the quality of drinking water obtained from private wells in New Hampshire is not regulated; consequently, private wells are sampled only when individual well owners voluntarily choose to sample them. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the EPA New England, conducted an assessment in 2012–13 to provide private well owners and State and Federal health officials with information on the distribution of trace-metal (As, Fe, Pb, Mn, and U) concentrations in groundwater from bedrock aquifers in the three counties of southeastern New Hampshire. This fact sheet analyzes data from water samples collected by a randomly selected group of private well owners from the three-county study area and describes the major findings for trace-metal concentrations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143042","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Flanagan, S., Belaval, M., and Ayotte, J., 2014, Arsenic, iron, lead, manganese, and uranium concentrations in private bedrock wells in southeastern New Hampshire, 2012-2013: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3042, Report: 6 p.; Appendix 1-5, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143042.","productDescription":"Report: 6 p.; Appendix 1-5","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2012-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-052568","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288268,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143042.jpg"},{"id":288613,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3042/pdf/fs2014-3042.pdf"},{"id":288614,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3042/appendix/fs2014-3042_appendixes_1-5.xlsx"},{"id":288267,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3042/"}],"projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic projection","country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","county":"Hillsborough County;Rockingham County;Strafford County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72.062374,42.696985 ], [ -72.062374,43.573012 ], [ -70.60266,43.573012 ], [ -70.60266,42.696985 ], [ -72.062374,42.696985 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7631e4b0abf75cf2bec3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flanagan, Sarah M.","contributorId":8492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flanagan","given":"Sarah M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belaval, Marcel","contributorId":21636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belaval","given":"Marcel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ayotte, Joseph D. jayotte@usgs.gov","contributorId":1802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayotte","given":"Joseph D.","email":"jayotte@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":493167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70110814,"text":"70110814 - 2014 - Focused campaign increases activity among participants in <i>Nature's Notebook</i>, a citizen science project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-27T10:28:41","indexId":"70110814","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-15T13:56:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2836,"text":"Natural Sciences Education","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Focused campaign increases activity among participants in <i>Nature's Notebook</i>, a citizen science project","docAbstract":"<p>Citizen science projects, which engage non-professional scientists in one or more stages of scientific research, have been gaining popularity; yet maintaining participants&rsquo; activity level over time remains a challenge. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential for a short-term, focused campaign to increase participant activity in a national-scale citizen science program. The campaign that we implemented was designed to answer a compelling scientific question. We invited participants in the phenology-observing program, Nature&rsquo;s Notebook, to track trees throughout the spring of 2012, to ascertain whether the season arrived as early as the anomalous spring of 2010. Consisting of a series of six electronic newsletters and costing our office slightly more than 1 week of staff resources, our effort was successful; compared with previous years, the number of observations collected in the region where the campaign was run increased by 184%, the number of participants submitting observations increased by 116%, and the number of trees registered increased by 110%. In comparison, these respective metrics grew by 25, 55, and 44%, over previous years, in the southeastern quadrant of the United States, where no such campaign was carried out. The campaign approach we describe here is a model that could be adapted by a wide variety of programs to increase engagement and thereby positively influence participant retention.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agronomy","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","doi":"10.4195/nse2013.06.0019","usgsCitation":"Crimmins, T., Weltzin, J., Rosemartin, A.H., Surina, E.M., Marsh, L., and Denny, E.G., 2014, Focused campaign increases activity among participants in <i>Nature's Notebook</i>, a citizen science project: Natural Sciences Education, v. 43, no. 1, p. 64-72, https://doi.org/10.4195/nse2013.06.0019.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"64","endPage":"72","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-043446","costCenters":[{"id":433,"text":"National Phenology Network","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287830,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"538848d0e4b0318b93124a28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crimmins, Theresa","contributorId":103579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crimmins","given":"Theresa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weltzin, Jake F.","contributorId":51005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weltzin","given":"Jake F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosemartin, Alyssa H.","contributorId":30910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosemartin","given":"Alyssa","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Surina, Echo M.","contributorId":28898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Surina","given":"Echo","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Marsh, Lee","contributorId":16755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsh","given":"Lee","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Denny, Ellen G.","contributorId":79803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denny","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70129626,"text":"70129626 - 2014 - Selenium and mercury concentrations in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) from central California: Health implications in an urbanized estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T11:30:49","indexId":"70129626","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-15T12:03:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Selenium and mercury concentrations in harbor seals (<i>Phoca vitulina</i>) from central California: health implications in an urbanized estuary","title":"Selenium and mercury concentrations in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) from central California: Health implications in an urbanized estuary","docAbstract":"We measured total selenium and total mercury concentrations ([TSe] and [THg]) in hair (n = 138) and blood (n = 73) of harbor seals (<i>Phoca vitulina</i>) from California to assess variation by geography and sex, and inferred feeding relationships based on carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur stable isotopes. Harbor seals from Hg-contaminated sites had significantly greater [THg], and lesser [TSe] and TSe:THg molar ratios than seals from a relatively uncontaminated site. Males had significantly greater [THg] than females at all locations. Sulfur stable isotope values explained approximately 25% of the variability in [THg], indicating increased Hg exposure for seals with a greater use of estuarine prey species. Decreased [TSe] in harbor seals from Hg-contaminated regions may indicate a relative Se deficiency to mitigate the toxic effects of Hg. Further investigation into the Se status and the potential negative impact of Hg on harbor seals from Hg-contaminated sites is warranted.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.04.031","usgsCitation":"McHuron, E.A., Harvey, J.T., Castellini, J.M., Stricker, C.A., and O'Hara, T., 2014, Selenium and mercury concentrations in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) from central California: Health implications in an urbanized estuary: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 83, no. 1, p. 48-57, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.04.031.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"48","endPage":"57","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-055978","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295728,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Elkhorn Slough, San Francisco Bay, Tomales Bay","volume":"83","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544b6a2de4b03653c63fb1e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McHuron, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":103600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHuron","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, James T.","contributorId":89817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harvey","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6751,"text":"Moss Landing Marine Laboratories","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":503925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Castellini, J. Margaret","contributorId":60562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castellini","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Margaret","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stricker, Craig A. 0000-0002-5031-9437 cstricker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5031-9437","contributorId":1097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stricker","given":"Craig","email":"cstricker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O'Hara, Todd M.","contributorId":34768,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O'Hara","given":"Todd M.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":503923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70150446,"text":"70150446 - 2014 - Health status of Largescale Sucker (<i>Catostomus macrocheilus</i>) collected along an organic contaminant gradient in the lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-26T10:40:36","indexId":"70150446","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-15T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Health status of Largescale Sucker (<i>Catostomus macrocheilus</i>) collected along an organic contaminant gradient in the lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, USA","docAbstract":"<p>The health of Largescale Sucker (<i>Catostomus macrocheilus</i>) in the lower Columbia River (USA) was evaluated using morphometric and histopathological approaches, and its association with organic contaminants accumulated in liver was evaluated in males. Fish were sampled from three sites along a contaminant gradient In 2009, body length and mass, condition factor, gonadosomatic index, and hematocrit were measured in males and females; liver and gonad tissue were collected from males for histological analyses; and organ composites were analyzed for contaminant content in males. In 2010, additional data were collected for males and females, including external fish condition assessment, histopathologies of spleen, kidney and gill and, for males, liver contaminant content. Multivariate analysis of variance indicated that biological traits in males, but not females, differed among sites in 2009 and 2010. Discriminant function analysis indicated that site-related differences among male populations were relatively small in 2009, but in 2010, when more variables were analyzed, males differed among sites in regards to kidney, spleen, and liver histopathologies and gill parasites. Kidney tubular hyperplasia, liver and spleen macrophage aggregations, and gill parasites were generally more severe in the downstream sites compared to the reference location. The contaminant content of male livers was also generally higher downstream, and the legacy pesticide hexachlorobenzene and flame retardants BDE-47 and BDE-154 were the primary drivers for site discrimination. However, bivariate correlations between biological variables and liver contaminants retained in the discriminant models failed to reveal associations between the two variable sets. In conclusion, whereas certain non-reproductive biological traits and liver contaminant contents of male Largescale Sucker differed according to an upstream-downstream gradient in the lower Columbia River, results from this study did not reveal the specific environmental factors responsible for the differences in health status among fish populations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Pub. Co.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.112","usgsCitation":"Torres, L., Nilsen, E.B., Grove, R.A., and Patino, R., 2014, Health status of Largescale Sucker (<i>Catostomus macrocheilus</i>) collected along an organic contaminant gradient in the lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, USA: Science of the Total Environment, v. 484, p. 353-364, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.112.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"353","endPage":"364","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-042213","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472940,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6b01n5jk","text":"External Repository"},{"id":302373,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"484","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"558e77b7e4b0b6d21dd65958","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.112","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.112","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Torres Leticia, Nilsen Elena, Grove Robert, Patiño Reynaldo","journalName":"Science of The Total Environment","publicationDate":"6/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Torres, Leticia","contributorId":143738,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Torres","given":"Leticia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":556955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nilsen, Elena B. 0000-0002-0104-6321 enilsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0104-6321","contributorId":923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nilsen","given":"Elena","email":"enilsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":556956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grove, Robert A.","contributorId":52134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":556957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Patino, Reynaldo 0000-0002-4831-8400 r.patino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4831-8400","contributorId":2311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patino","given":"Reynaldo","email":"r.patino@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":556893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70138504,"text":"70138504 - 2014 - Differentiating transpiration from evaporation in seasonal agricultural wetlands and the link to advective fluxes in the root zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-19T11:04:45","indexId":"70138504","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-15T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differentiating transpiration from evaporation in seasonal agricultural wetlands and the link to advective fluxes in the root zone","docAbstract":"<p>The current state of science and engineering related to analyzing wetlands overlooks the importance of transpiration and risks data misinterpretation. In response, we developed hydrologic and mass budgets for agricultural wetlands using electrical conductivity (EC) as a natural conservative tracer. We developed simple differential equations that quantify evaporation and transpiration rates using flowrates and tracer concentrations atwetland inflows and outflows. We used two ideal reactormodel solutions, a continuous flowstirred tank reactor (CFSTR) and a plug flow reactor (PFR), to bracket real non-ideal systems. From those models, estimated transpiration ranged from 55% (CFSTR) to 74% (PFR) of total evapotranspiration (ET) rates, consistent with published values using standard methods and direct measurements. The PFR model more appropriately represents these nonideal agricultural wetlands in which check ponds are in series. Using a fluxmodel, we also developed an equation delineating the root zone depth at which diffusive dominated fluxes transition to advective dominated fluxes. This relationship is similar to the Peclet number that identifies the dominance of advective or diffusive fluxes in surface and groundwater transport. Using diffusion coefficients for inorganic mercury (Hg) and methylmercury (MeHg) we calculated that during high ET periods typical of summer, advective fluxes dominate root zone transport except in the top millimeters below the sediment&ndash;water interface. The transition depth has diel and seasonal trends, tracking those of ET. Neglecting this pathway has profound implications: misallocating loads along different hydrologic pathways; misinterpreting seasonal and diel water quality trends; confounding Fick's First Law calculations when determining diffusion fluxes using pore water concentration data; and misinterpreting biogeochemicalmechanisms affecting dissolved constituent cycling in the root zone. In addition,our understanding of internal root zone cycling of Hg and other dissolved constituents, benthic fluxes, and biological irrigation may be greatly affected.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Pub. Co.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.11.026","collaboration":"RWQCB","usgsCitation":"Bachand, P., Bachand, S., Fleck, J., Anderson, F.E., and Windham-Myers, L., 2014, Differentiating transpiration from evaporation in seasonal agricultural wetlands and the link to advective fluxes in the root zone: Science of the Total Environment, v. 484, p. 232-248, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.11.026.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"232","endPage":"248","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-030347","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297376,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297375,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24296049"}],"volume":"484","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b78e4b08de9379b33a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bachand, P.A.M.","contributorId":9857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bachand","given":"P.A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bachand, S.","contributorId":138794,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bachand","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12526,"text":"Bachand & Associates","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fleck, Jacob A. 0000-0002-3217-3972 jafleck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3217-3972","contributorId":1498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"Jacob A.","email":"jafleck@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, Frank E. 0000-0002-1418-4678 fanders@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1418-4678","contributorId":2605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Frank","email":"fanders@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Windham-Myers, Lisamarie 0000-0003-0281-9581 lwindham-myers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0281-9581","contributorId":2449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Windham-Myers","given":"Lisamarie","email":"lwindham-myers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70138506,"text":"70138506 - 2014 - Concurrent photolytic degradation of aqueous methylmercury and dissolved organic matter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-19T10:59:03","indexId":"70138506","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-15T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Concurrent photolytic degradation of aqueous methylmercury and dissolved organic matter","docAbstract":"<p>Monomethyl mercury (MeHg) is a potent neurotoxin that threatens ecosystem viability and human health. In aquatic systems, the photolytic degradation of MeHg (photodemethylation) is an important component of the MeHg cycle. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is also affected by exposure to solar radiation (light exposure) leading to changes in DOM composition that can affect its role in overall mercury (Hg) cycling. This study investigated changes in MeHg concentration, DOM concentration, and the optical signature of DOM caused by light exposure in a controlled field-based experiment using water samples collected from wetlands and rice fields. Filtered water from all sites showed a marked loss in MeHg concentration after light exposure. The rate of photodemethylation was 7.5 &times; 10<sup>-3</sup> m<sup>2</sup> mol<sup>-1</sup> (s.d. 3.5 &times; 10<sup>-3</sup>) across all sites despite marked differences in DOM concentration and composition. Light exposure also caused changes in the optical signature of the DOM despite there being no change in DOM concentration, indicating specific structures within the DOM were affected by light exposure at different rates. MeHg concentrations were related to optical signatures of labile DOM whereas the percent loss of MeHg was related to optical signatures of less labile, humic DOM. Relationships between the loss of MeHg and specific areas of the DOM optical signature indicated that aromatic and quinoid structures within the DOM were the likely contributors to MeHg degradation, perhaps within the sphere of the Hg-DOM bond. Because MeHg photodegradation rates are relatively constant across freshwater habitats with natural Hg&ndash;DOM ratios, physical characteristics such as shading and hydrologic residence time largely determine the relative importance of photolytic processes on the MeHg budget in these mixed vegetated and open-water systems.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Pub. Co.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.03.107","usgsCitation":"Fleck, J., Gill, G.W., Bergamaschi, B., Kraus, T.E., Downing, B.D., and Alpers, C.N., 2014, Concurrent photolytic degradation of aqueous methylmercury and dissolved organic matter: Science of the Total Environment, v. 484, p. 263-275, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.03.107.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"263","endPage":"275","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-030306","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297374,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297373,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969713004129"}],"volume":"484","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b67e4b08de9379b3366","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleck, Jacob A. 0000-0002-3217-3972 jafleck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3217-3972","contributorId":1498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"Jacob A.","email":"jafleck@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gill, Gary W. gwgill@usgs.gov","contributorId":4692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Gary","email":"gwgill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":538767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581 bbergama@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":1448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian A.","email":"bbergama@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kraus, Tamara E.C. 0000-0002-5187-8644 tkraus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5187-8644","contributorId":1452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"Tamara","email":"tkraus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.C.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Downing, Bryan D. 0000-0002-2007-5304 bdowning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2007-5304","contributorId":1449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing","given":"Bryan","email":"bdowning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70100906,"text":"tm5B10 - 2014 - Determination of human-use pharmaceuticals in filtered water by direct aqueous injection: high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-13T13:58:08","indexId":"tm5B10","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-13T13:46:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"5-B10","title":"Determination of human-use pharmaceuticals in filtered water by direct aqueous injection: high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"<p>This report describes a method for the determination of 110 human-use pharmaceuticals using a 100-microliter aliquot of a filtered water sample directly injected into a high-performance liquid chromatograph coupled to a triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer using an electrospray ionization source operated in the positive ion mode. The pharmaceuticals were separated by using a reversed-phase gradient of formic acid/ammonium formate-modified water and methanol. Multiple reaction monitoring of two fragmentations of the protonated molecular ion of each pharmaceutical to two unique product ions was used to identify each pharmaceutical qualitatively. The primary multiple reaction monitoring precursor-product ion transition was quantified for each pharmaceutical relative to the primary multiple reaction monitoring precursor-product transition of one of 19 isotope-dilution standard pharmaceuticals or the pesticide atrazine, using an exact stable isotope analogue where possible. Each isotope-dilution standard was selected, when possible, for its chemical similarity to the unlabeled pharmaceutical of interest, and added to the sample after filtration but prior to analysis.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Method performance for each pharmaceutical was determined for reagent water, groundwater, treated drinking water, surface water, treated wastewater effluent, and wastewater influent sample matrixes that this method will likely be applied to. Each matrix was evaluated in order of increasing complexity to demonstrate (1) the sensitivity of the method in different water matrixes and (2) the effect of sample matrix, particularly matrix enhancement or suppression of the precursor ion signal, on the quantitative determination of pharmaceutical concentrations. Recovery of water samples spiked (fortified) with the suite of pharmaceuticals determined by this method typically was greater than 90 percent in reagent water, groundwater, drinking water, and surface water. Correction for ambient environmental concentrations of pharmaceuticals hampered the determination of absolute recoveries and method sensitivity of some compounds in some water types, particularly for wastewater effluent and influent samples.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The method detection limit of each pharmaceutical was determined from analysis of pharmaceuticals fortified at multiple concentrations in reagent water. The calibration range for each compound typically spanned three orders of magnitude of concentration. Absolute sensitivity for some compounds, using isotope-dilution quantitation, ranged from 0.45 to 94.1 nanograms per liter, primarily as a result of the inherent ionization efficiency of each pharmaceutical in the electrospray ionization process.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Holding-time studies indicate that acceptable recoveries of pharmaceuticals can be obtained from filtered water samples held at 4 °C for as long as 9 days after sample collection. Freezing samples to provide for storage for longer periods currently (2014) is under evaluation by the National Water Quality Laboratory.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section B: Methods of the National Water Quality Laboratory in Book 5 <i>Laboratory Analysis</i>","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm5B10","collaboration":"This report is Chapter 10 of Section B: Methods of the National Water Quality Laboratory in Book 5 <i>Laboratory Analysis</i>.","usgsCitation":"Furlong, E.T., Noriega, M.C., Kanagy, C.J., Kanagy, L.K., Coffey, L.J., and Burkhardt, M.R., 2014, Determination of human-use pharmaceuticals in filtered water by direct aqueous injection: high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 5-B10, Report: viii, 49 p.; Tables; Appendix Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/tm5B10.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 49 p.; Tables; Appendix Tables","numberOfPages":"60","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-038894","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288592,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm5B10.jpg"},{"id":288588,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/5b10/"},{"id":288589,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/5b10/pdf/tm10-b5.pdf"},{"id":288590,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/5b10/downloads/Tables1-16.xlsx"},{"id":288591,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/5b10/downloads/LS%202440%20Appendixes.xlsx"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7681e4b0abf75cf2bf75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noriega, Mary C. mnoriega@usgs.gov","contributorId":2553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noriega","given":"Mary","email":"mnoriega@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kanagy, Christopher J. ckanagy@usgs.gov","contributorId":1201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kanagy","given":"Christopher","email":"ckanagy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kanagy, Leslie K. 0000-0001-5073-8538 lkkanagy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5073-8538","contributorId":4543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kanagy","given":"Leslie","email":"lkkanagy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Coffey, Laura J. ljcoffey@usgs.gov","contributorId":4132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coffey","given":"Laura","email":"ljcoffey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":492473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Burkhardt, Mark R.","contributorId":27872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkhardt","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70112339,"text":"sir20145088 - 2014 - Water withdrawals, use, and trends in Florida, 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-13T11:17:41","indexId":"sir20145088","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-13T11:06:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5088","title":"Water withdrawals, use, and trends in Florida, 2010","docAbstract":"<p>In 2010, the total amount of water withdrawn in Florida was estimated to be 14,988 million gallons per day (Mgal/d). Saline water accounted for 8,589 Mgal/d (57 percent) and freshwater accounted for 6,399 Mgal/d (43 percent). Groundwater accounted for 4,166 Mgal/d (65 percent) of freshwater withdrawals, and surface water accounted for the remaining 2,233 Mgal/d (35 percent). Surface water accounted for nearly all (99.9 percent) saline-water withdrawals. An additional 659 Mgal/d of reclaimed wastewater was used in Florida during 2010. Freshwater withdrawals were greatest in Palm Beach County (707 Mgal/d), and saline-water withdrawals were greatest in Hillsborough County (1,715 Mgal/d).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Fresh groundwater provided drinking water (public supplied and self-supplied) for 17.33 million people (92 percent of Florida’s population), and fresh surface water provided drinking water for 1.47 million people (8 percent). The statewide public-supply gross per capita use for 2010 was 134 gallons per day, whereas the statewide public-supply domestic per capita use was 85 gallons per day. The majority of groundwater withdrawals (almost 62 percent) in 2010 were obtained from the Floridan aquifer system, which is present throughout most of the State. The majority of fresh surface-water withdrawals (56 percent) came from the southern Florida hydrologic unit subregion and is associated with Lake Okeechobee and the canals in the Everglades Agricultural Area of Glades, Hendry, and Palm Beach Counties, as well as the Caloosahatchee River and its tributaries in the agricultural areas of Collier, Glades, Hendry, and Lee Counties.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Overall, agricultural irrigation accounted for 40 percent of the total freshwater withdrawals (ground and surface), followed by public supply with 35 percent. Public supply accounted for 48 percent of groundwater withdrawals, followed by agricultural self-supplied (34 percent), commercial-industrial-mining self-supplied (7 percent), recreational-landscape irrigation and domestic self-supplied (5 percent each), and power generation (less than 1 percent). Agricultural self-supplied accounted for 51 percent of fresh surface-water withdrawals, followed by power generation (25 percent), public supply (11 percent), recreational-landscape irrigation (9 percent), and commercial-industrial-mining self-supplied (4 percent). Power generation accounted for nearly all (99.8 percent) saline-water withdrawals.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Of the 18.80 million people who resided in Florida during 2010, 41 percent (7.68 million people) resided in the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD), 25 percent each resided in the Southwest Florida Water Management District (SWFWMD) and the St. Johns River Water Management District (SJRWMD) (4.73 and 4.70 million people, respectively), 7 percent (1.36 million people) resided in the Northwest Florida Water Management District (NWFWMD), and 2 percent (0.33 million people) resided in the Suwannee River Water Management District (SRWMD). The largest percentage of freshwater withdrawals was from the SFWMD (47 percent), followed by the SJRWMD (21 percent), SWFWMD (18 percent), NWFWMD (9 percent), and SRWMD (5 percent).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Between 1950 and 2010, the population of Florida increased by 16.03 million (580 percent), and the total water withdrawals (fresh and saline) increased by 12,334 Mgal/d (465 percent). More recently, total freshwater withdrawals decreased by more than 1,792 Mgal/d (22 percent) between 2000 and 2010, while the population increased by 2.82 million (18 percent), and total freshwater withdrawals decreased by more than 474 Mgal/d (7 percent) between 2005 and 2010, while the population increased by 0.88 million (8 percent). The recent trend of decreases in freshwater withdrawals is a result of increased rainfall during this period, the development and use of alternative water sources, water conservation efforts, more conservative regulations and mandates, changes in economic conditions, and losses of irrigated lands. Fresh-water withdrawals for public supply, agricultural self-supplied use, and commercial-industrial-mining self-supplied use all decreased between 2000 and 2010 and between 2005 and 2010, whereas freshwater withdrawals for domestic self-supplied use, recreational-landscape irrigation use, and power generation use either remained the same or changed slightly during the decade.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The use of highly mineralized groundwater (referred to as nonpotable water) as a source of drinking water has increased in Florida. Nonpotable water use for public supply has increased from nearly 2 Mgal/d in 1970 to about 165 Mgal/d in 2010. Nonpotable water is either blended or treated to meet drinking-water standards and is mostly used along the east and west coasts of central and southern Florida. The use of reclaimed wastewater increased from about 206 Mgal/d in 1986 to nearly 659 Mgal/d in 2010. More than three-quarters (79 percent) of reclaimed wastewater in 2010 was used to supplement potable-quality water withdrawals for urban irrigation, agricultural irrigation, and industrial use.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145088","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Florida Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Marella, R.L., 2014, Water withdrawals, use, and trends in Florida, 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5088, vii, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145088.","productDescription":"vii, 59 p.","numberOfPages":"72","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-048849","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288583,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5088/pdf/sir2014-5088.pdf"},{"id":288582,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5088/"},{"id":288584,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145088.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.0,24.02 ], [ -88.0,31.2 ], [ -79.78,31.2 ], [ -79.78,24.02 ], [ -88.0,24.02 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae78bee4b0abf75cf2df9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marella, Richard L. 0000-0003-4861-9841 rmarella@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4861-9841","contributorId":2443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marella","given":"Richard","email":"rmarella@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70110596,"text":"ofr20141105 - 2014 - Assessment of the fish tumor beneficial use impairment in brown bullhead (<i>Ameiurus nebulosus</i>) at selected Great Lakes Areas of Concern","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-04T19:02:45.869796","indexId":"ofr20141105","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-13T10:26:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1105","title":"Assessment of the fish tumor beneficial use impairment in brown bullhead (<i>Ameiurus nebulosus</i>) at selected Great Lakes Areas of Concern","docAbstract":"A total of 878 adult Brown Bullhead were collected at 11 sites within the Lake Erie and Lake Ontario drainages from 2011 to 2013. The sites included seven Areas of Concern (AOC; 670 individuals), one delisted AOC (50 individuals) and three non-AOC sites (158 individuals) used as reference sites. These fish were used to assess the “fish tumor or other deformities” beneficial use impairment. Fish were anesthetized, weighed, measured and any external abnormalities documented and removed. Abnormal orocutaneous and barbel tissue, as well as five to eight pieces of liver, were preserved for histopathological analyses. Otoliths were removed and used for age analyses. Visible external abnormalities included reddened (raised or eroded), melanistic areas and raised growths on lips, body surface, fins and barbels. Microscopically, these raised growths included papilloma, squamous cell carcinoma, osteoma and osteosarcoma. Proliferative lesions of the liver included bile duct hyperplasia, foci of cellular alteration, bile duct (cholangioma, cholangiocarcinoma) and hepatocellular (adenoma, hepatic cell carcinoma) neoplasia. The two reference sites (Long Point Inner Bay, Conneaut Creek), at which 30 or more bullhead were collected had a skin tumor prevalence of 10% or less and liver tumor prevalence of 4% or less. Presque Isle Bay, recently delisted, had a similar liver tumor prevalence (4%) and slightly higher prevalence (12%) of skin tumors. The prevalence of skin neoplasms was 15% or less at sites in the Black River, Cuyahoga River and Maumee AOCs, while more than 20% of the bullheads from the Rochester Embayment, Niagara River, Detroit River and Ashtabula River AOCs had skin tumors. The prevalence of liver tumors was greater than 4% at all AOC sites except the Old Channel site at the Cuyahoga River AOC, Wolf Creek within the Maumee AOC and the upper and lower sites within the Niagara River AOC.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141105","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Contaminants Program, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, and West Virginia University","usgsCitation":"Blazer, V., Mazik, P.M., Iwanowicz, L., Braham, R., Hahn, C.M., Walsh, H.L., and Sperry, A.J., 2014, Assessment of the fish tumor beneficial use impairment in brown bullhead (<i>Ameiurus nebulosus</i>) at selected Great Lakes Areas of Concern: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1105, Report: vi, 17 p.; Appendix 1, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141105.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 17 p.; Appendix 1","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-056691","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288581,"rank":4,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141105.jpg"},{"id":288578,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1105/"},{"id":288580,"rank":1,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1105/support/ofr2014-1105-appendix01.xlsx"},{"id":288579,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1105/pdf/ofr2014-1105.pdf"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes;Lake Erie;Lake Ontario","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -86.38,39.17 ], [ -86.38,45.2 ], [ -74.96,45.2 ], [ -74.96,39.17 ], [ -86.38,39.17 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7633e4b0abf75cf2becf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blazer, Vicki 0000-0001-6647-9614 vblazer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Vicki","email":"vblazer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":494074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mazik, Patricia M. 0000-0002-8046-5929 pmazik@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8046-5929","contributorId":2318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazik","given":"Patricia","email":"pmazik@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Iwanowicz, Luke R.","contributorId":11902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"Luke R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Braham, Ryan P.","contributorId":97427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braham","given":"Ryan P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hahn, Cassidy M. cmhahn@usgs.gov","contributorId":5321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hahn","given":"Cassidy","email":"cmhahn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Walsh, Heather L. 0000-0001-6392-4604 hwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6392-4604","contributorId":4696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Heather","email":"hwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sperry, Adam J. 0000-0002-4815-3730 asperry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4815-3730","contributorId":5872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sperry","given":"Adam","email":"asperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70112276,"text":"70112276 - 2014 - Past, present, and future of water data delivery from the U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-16T09:09:42","indexId":"70112276","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-12T12:40:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2234,"text":"Journal of Contemporary Water Research and Education","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Past, present, and future of water data delivery from the U.S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"<p>We present an overview of national water databases managed by the U.S. Geological Survey, including surface-water, groundwater, water-quality, and water-use data. These are readily accessible to users through web interfaces and data services. Multiple perspectives of data are provided, including search and retrieval of real-time data and historical data, on-demand current conditions and alert services, data compilations, spatial representations, analytical products, and availability of data across multiple agencies.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contemporary Water Research and Education","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Universities Council on Water Resources","publisherLocation":"Carbondale, IL","doi":"10.1111/j.1936-704X.2014.03175.x","usgsCitation":"Hirsch, R.M., and Fisher, G.T., 2014, Past, present, and future of water data delivery from the U.S. Geological Survey: Journal of Contemporary Water Research and Education, no. 153, p. 4-15, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1936-704X.2014.03175.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054364","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472942,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1936-704x.2014.03175.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":288488,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"153","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"539abdcfe4b0e83db6d08ea1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hirsch, Robert M. 0000-0002-4534-075X rhirsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-075X","contributorId":2005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"Robert","email":"rhirsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, Gary T. gtfisher@usgs.gov","contributorId":4931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Gary","email":"gtfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":494610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70112263,"text":"70112263 - 2014 - Sensor data as a measure of native freshwater mussel impact on nitrate formation and food digestion in continuous-flow mesocosms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-12T12:01:51","indexId":"70112263","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-12T11:53:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1699,"text":"Freshwater Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensor data as a measure of native freshwater mussel impact on nitrate formation and food digestion in continuous-flow mesocosms","docAbstract":"Native freshwater mussels can influence the aquatic N cycle, but the mechanisms and magnitude of this effect are not fully understood. We assessed the effects of <i>Amblema plicata</i> and <i>Lampsilis cardium</i> on N transformations over 72 d in 4 continuous-flow mesocosms, with 2 replicates of 2 treatments (mesocosms with and without mussels), equipped with electronic water-chemistry sensors. We compared sensor data to discrete sample data to assess the effect of additional sensor measurements on the ability to detect mussel-related effects on NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup> formation. Analysis of 624 sensor-based data points detected a nearly 6% increase in NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup> concentration in overlying water of mesocosms with mussels relative to mesocosms without mussels (p < 0.05), whereas analysis of 36 discrete samples showed no statistical difference in NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup> between treatments. Mussels also significantly increased NO<sub>2</sub><sup>–</sup> concentrations in the overlying water, but no significant difference in total N was observed. We used the sensor data for phytoplankton-N and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> to infer that digestion times in mussels were 13 ± 6 h. The results suggest that rapid increases in phytoplankton-N levels in the overlying water can lead to decreased lag times between phytoplankton-N and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> maxima. This result indicates that mussels may adjust their digestion rates in response to increased levels of food. The adjustment in digestion time suggests that mussels have a strong response to food availability that can disrupt typical circadian rhythms. Use of sensor data to measure directly and to infer mussel effects on aquatic N transformations at the mesocosm scale could be useful at larger scales in the future.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The University of Chicago Press on behalf of Society for Freshwater Science","doi":"10.1086/675448","usgsCitation":"Bril, J., Durst, J.J., Hurley, B.M., Just, C., and Newton, T., 2014, Sensor data as a measure of native freshwater mussel impact on nitrate formation and food digestion in continuous-flow mesocosms: Freshwater Science, v. 33, no. 2, p. 417-424, https://doi.org/10.1086/675448.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"417","endPage":"424","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-039042","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288483,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288454,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/675448"}],"volume":"33","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"539abdd0e4b0e83db6d08ea5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bril, Jeremy S.","contributorId":103583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bril","given":"Jeremy S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Durst, Jonathan J.","contributorId":69891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durst","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hurley, Brion M.","contributorId":29310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurley","given":"Brion","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Just, Craig L.","contributorId":105646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Just","given":"Craig L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Newton, Teresa J. 0000-0001-9351-5852","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9351-5852","contributorId":78696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"Teresa J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70047699,"text":"70047699 - 2014 - Nesting ecology and nest survival of lesser prairie-chickens on the Southern High Plains of Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-27T13:52:24","indexId":"70047699","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-11T16:20:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nesting ecology and nest survival of lesser prairie-chickens on the Southern High Plains of Texas","docAbstract":"The decline in population and range of lesser prairie-chickens (<i>Tympanuchus pallidicinctus</i>) throughout the central and southern Great Plains has raised concerns considering their candidate status under the United States Endangered Species Act. Baseline ecological data for lesser prairie-chickens are limited, especially for the shinnery oak-grassland communities of Texas. This information is imperative because lesser prairie-chickens in shinnery oak grasslands occur at the extreme southwestern edge of their distribution. This geographic region is characterized by hot, arid climates, less fragmentation, and less anthropogenic development than within the remaining core distribution of the species. Thus, large expanses of open rangeland with less anthropogenic development and a climate that is classified as extreme for ground nesting birds may subsequently influence nest ecology, nest survival, and nest site selection differently compared to the rest of the distribution of the species. We investigated the nesting ecology of 50 radio-tagged lesser prairie-chicken hens from 2008 to 2011 in the shinnery oak-grassland communities in west Texas and found a substantial amount of inter-annual variation in incubation start date and percent of females incubating nests. Prairie-chickens were less likely to nest near unimproved roads and utility poles and in areas with more bare ground and litter. In contrast, hens selected areas dominated by grasses and shrubs and close to stock tanks to nest. Candidate models including visual obstruction best explained daily nest survival; a 5% increase in visual obstruction improved nest survival probability by 10%. The model-averaged probability of a nest surviving the incubation period was 0.43 (SE = 0.006; 95% CI: 0.23, 0.56). Our findings indicate that lesser prairie-chicken reproduction during our study period was dynamic and was correlated with seasonal weather patterns that ultimately promoted greater grass growth earlier in the nesting season that provided visual obstruction from predators.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.716","usgsCitation":"Grisham, B.A., Borsdorf, P.K., Boal, C.W., and Boydston, K.K., 2014, Nesting ecology and nest survival of lesser prairie-chickens on the Southern High Plains of Texas: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 78, no. 5, p. 857-866, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.716.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"857","endPage":"866","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-037555","costCenters":[{"id":582,"text":"Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288356,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288355,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.716"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -103.064678,32.958548 ], [ -103.064678,33.825138 ], [ -102.075382,33.825138 ], [ -102.075382,32.958548 ], [ -103.064678,32.958548 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"78","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53996c50e4b0a59b2649693f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grisham, Blake A.","contributorId":75419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grisham","given":"Blake","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Borsdorf, Philip K.","contributorId":93386,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borsdorf","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":24740,"text":"Department of Natural Resources Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":482754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boal, Clint W. 0000-0001-6008-8911 cboal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6008-8911","contributorId":1909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boal","given":"Clint","email":"cboal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boydston, Kathy K.","contributorId":15501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boydston","given":"Kathy","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70103560,"text":"ofr20141092 - 2014 - Three-dimensional imaging, change detection, and stability assessment during the centerline trench levee seepage experiment using terrestrial light detection and ranging technology, Twitchell Island, California, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-11T13:42:30","indexId":"ofr20141092","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-11T13:29:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1092","title":"Three-dimensional imaging, change detection, and stability assessment during the centerline trench levee seepage experiment using terrestrial light detection and ranging technology, Twitchell Island, California, 2012","docAbstract":"A full scale field seepage test was conducted on a north-south trending levee segment of a now bypassed old meander belt on Twitchell Island, California, to understand the effects of live and decaying root systems on levee seepage and slope stability. The field test in May 2012 was centered on a north-south trench with two segments: a shorter control segment and a longer seepage test segment. The complete length of the trench area measured 40.4 meters (m) near the levee centerline with mature trees located on the waterside and landside of the levee flanks. The levee was instrumented with piezometers and tensiometers to measure positive and negative porewater pressures across the levee after the trench was flooded with water and held at a constant hydraulic head during the seepage test—the results from this component of the experiment are not discussed in this report. We collected more than one billion three-dimensional light detection and ranging (lidar) data points before, during, and after the centerline seepage test to assess centimeter-scale stability of the two trees and the levee crown. During the seepage test, the waterside tree toppled (rotated 20.7 degrees) into the water. The landside tree rotated away from the levee by 5 centimeters (cm) at a height of 2 m on the tree. The paved surface of the levee crown had three regions that showed subsidence on the waterside of the trench—discussed as the northern, central, and southern features. The northern feature is an elongate region that subsided 2.1 cm over an area with an average width of 1.35 m that extends 15.8 m parallel to the trench from the northern end of the trench to just north of the trench midpoint, and is associated with a crack 1 cm in height that formed during the seepage test on the trench wall. The central subsidence feature is a semicircular region on the waterside of the trench that subsided by as much as 6.2 cm over an area 3.4 m wide and 11.2 m long. The southern feature is an elongate region that has a maximum subsidence of 3.5 cm over an area 0.75 m wide and 8.1 m long and is associated with a number of small fractures in the pavement that are predominately north-south-trending and parallel to the trench. We determined that there was no significant motion of the levee flank during the last week of the seepage test. We also determined biomorphic parameters for the landside tree, such as the 3D positioning on the levee, tree height, levee parallel/perpendicular cross sectional area, and canopy centroid. These biomorphic parameters were requested to support a University of California Berkeley team studying seepage and stability on the levee. A gridded, 2-cm bare-earth digital elevation model of the levee crown and the landside levee flank from the final terrestrial lidar (T-Lidar) survey provided detailed topographic data for future assessment. Because the T-Lidar was not integrated into the project design, other than an initial courtesy dataset to help characterize the levee surface, our ability to contribute to the overall science goals of the seepage test was limited. Therefore, our analysis focused on developing data collection and processing methodology necessary to align ultra high-resolution T-Lidar data (with an average spot spacing 2–3 millimeters on the levee crown) from several instrument setup locations to detect, measure, and characterize dynamic centimeter-scale deformation and surface changes during the seepage test.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141092","usgsCitation":"Bawden, G.W., Howle, J., Bond, S., Shriro, M., and Buck, P., 2014, Three-dimensional imaging, change detection, and stability assessment during the centerline trench levee seepage experiment using terrestrial light detection and ranging technology, Twitchell Island, California, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1092, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141092.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-055970","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288349,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1092/"},{"id":288350,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1092/pdf/ofr2014-1092.pdf"},{"id":288351,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141092.PNG"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Twitchell Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.712294,38.06992 ], [ -121.712294,38.184903 ], [ -121.534668,38.184903 ], [ -121.534668,38.06992 ], [ -121.712294,38.06992 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53996c51e4b0a59b26496947","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bawden, Gerald W. gbawden@usgs.gov","contributorId":1071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bawden","given":"Gerald","email":"gbawden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howle, James 0000-0003-0491-6203","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0491-6203","contributorId":88271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howle","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bond, Sandra 0000-0003-0522-5287 sbond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0522-5287","contributorId":3328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bond","given":"Sandra","email":"sbond@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shriro, Michelle","contributorId":43677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shriro","given":"Michelle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Buck, Peter","contributorId":13547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buck","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70101009,"text":"ofr20121024I - 2014 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Alaska North Slope and Kandik Basin, Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70101009,"text":"ofr20121024I - 2014 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Alaska North Slope and Kandik Basin, Alaska","indexId":"ofr20121024I","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"chapter":"I","title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Alaska North Slope and Kandik Basin, Alaska"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70093199,"text":"ofr20121024 - 2012 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources","indexId":"ofr20121024","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70093199,"text":"ofr20121024 - 2012 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources","indexId":"ofr20121024","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-09T20:55:06.604803","indexId":"ofr20121024I","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-11T13:25:36","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1024","chapter":"I","title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Alaska North Slope and Kandik Basin, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>This report presents fourteen storage assessment units (SAUs) from the Alaska North Slope and two SAUs from the Kandik Basin of Alaska. The Alaska North Slope is a broad, north-dipping coastal plain that is underlain by a thick succession of sedimentary rocks that accumulated steadily throughout much of the Phanerozoic during three major tectonic sequences: the Mississippian through Triassic Ellesmerian sequence, the Jurassic through Lower Cretaceous Beaufortian sequence, and the Cretaceous and Tertiary Brookian sequence. Stratigraphic packages associated with all three of these tectonic sequences are suited to geologic carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) sequestration. The lower part of the Ellesmerian sequence contains five potential SAUs, two of which have reservoirs within the Endicott Group and three of which have reservoirs within the Lisburne Group. Another potential SAU has sandstone-prone reservoir units interbedded with the upper part of the Ellesmerian Shublik Formation and the Beaufortian Kingak Shale. The Brookian sequence contains eight potential SAUs that have reservoirs that are defined by the various Cretaceous and Tertiary deltaic topset strata of the Colville foreland basin as well as associated slope aprons and submarine turbidite fan complexes.</p>\n<p>In east-central Alaska, Kandik Basin is an extension of cratonic North America and straddles the border between Alaska and Canada. The basin contains a section of Neoproterozoic to Mesozoic rocks, which have been multiply deformed during the Phanerozoic. Paleozoic strata within the basin appear to be suited to geologic CO<sub>2</sub> sequestration. We defined two SAUs within this interval, which are the Upper Devonian and Mississippian Nation River Formation SAU and the Lower Permian to Lower Cretaceous Step Conglomerate and Tahkandit Limestone SAU.</p>\n<p>For each SAU in both of the basins, we discuss the areal distribution of suitable CO<sub>2</sub> sequestration reservoir rock. We also characterize the overlying sealing unit and describe the geologic characteristics that influence the potential CO<sub>2</sub> storage volume and reservoir performance. These characteristics include reservoir depth, gross thickness, net thickness, porosity, permeability, and groundwater salinity. Case-by-case strategies for estimating the pore volume existing within structurally and (or) stratigraphically closed traps are presented. Although assessment results are not contained in this report, the geologic information included herein was employed to calculate the potential storage volume in the various SAUs. Lastly, in this report, we present the rationale for not conducting assessment work in fifteen sedimentary basins distributed across the Alaskan interior and within Alaskan State waters.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources (Open-File Report 2012-1024)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121024I","usgsCitation":"Craddock, W.H., Buursink, M.L., Covault, J.A., Brennan, S.T., Doolan, C., Drake, R.M., Merrill, M., Roberts-Ashby, T., Slucher, E.R., Warwick, P.D., Blondes, M., Freeman, P., Cahan, S.M., DeVera, C.A., and Lohr, C., 2014, Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Alaska North Slope and Kandik Basin, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1024, Report: vii, 60 p.; Date Download Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121024I.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 60 p.; 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,{"id":70112154,"text":"70112154 - 2014 - Identification and characterization of Highlands J virus from a Mississippi sandhill crane using unbiased next-generation sequencing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-11T13:26:16","indexId":"70112154","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-11T12:35:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2496,"text":"Journal of Virological Methods","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification and characterization of Highlands J virus from a Mississippi sandhill crane using unbiased next-generation sequencing","docAbstract":"<p>Advances in massively parallel DNA sequencing platforms, commonly termed next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, have greatly reduced time, labor, and cost associated with DNA sequencing. Thus, NGS has become a routine tool for new viral pathogen discovery and will likely become the standard for routine laboratory diagnostics of infectious diseases in the near future. This study demonstrated the application of NGS for the rapid identification and characterization of a virus isolated from the brain of an endangered Mississippi sandhill crane. This bird was part of a population restoration effort and was found in an emaciated state several days after Hurricane Isaac passed over the refuge in Mississippi in 2012. Post-mortem examination had identified trichostrongyliasis as the possible cause of death, but because a virus with morphology consistent with a togavirus was isolated from the brain of the bird, an arboviral etiology was strongly suspected. Because individual molecular assays for several known arboviruses were negative, unbiased NGS by Illumina MiSeq was used to definitively identify and characterize the causative viral agent. Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed the viral isolate to be the Highlands J virus, a known avian pathogen. This study demonstrates the use of unbiased NGS for the rapid detection and characterization of an unidentified viral pathogen and the application of this technology to wildlife disease diagnostics and conservation medicine.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Virological Methods","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.05.018","usgsCitation":"Ip, S., Wiley, M.R., Long, R., Gustavo, P., Shearn-Bochsler, V., and Whitehouse, C.A., 2014, Identification and characterization of Highlands J virus from a Mississippi sandhill crane using unbiased next-generation sequencing: Journal of Virological Methods, v. 206, p. 42-45, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.05.018.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"42","endPage":"45","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054365","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife 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