We satellite-tracked Whooper Swans Cygnus cygnus wintering in northern Japan to document their migration routes and timing, and to identify breeding areas. From 47 swans that we marked at Lake Izunuma-Uchinuma, Miyagi Prefecture, northeast Honshu, and at Lake Kussharo, east Hokkaido, we observed 57 spring and 33 autumn migrations from 2009-2012. In spring, swans migrated north along Sakhalin Island from eastern Hokkaido using stopovers in Sakhalin, at the mouth of the Amur River and in northern coastal areas of the Sea of Okhotsk. They ultimately reached molting/breedmg areas along the Indigirka River and the lower Kolyma River in northern Russia. In autumn, the swans basically reversed the spring migration routes. We identified northern Honshu, eastern Hokkaido, coastal areas in Sakhalin, the lower Amur River and northern coastal areas of the Sea of Okhotsk as the most frequent stopover sites, and the middle reaches of the Indigirka and the lower Kolyma River as presumed breeding sites. Our results are helpful in understanding the distribution of the breeding and stopover sites of Whooper Swans wintering in Japan and in identifying their major migration habitats. Our findings contribute to understanding the potential transmission process of avian influenza viruses potentially carried by swans, and provide information necessary to conserve Whooper Swans in East Asia.
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However, it is unclear from the limited geophysical observations when or if the magma chamber replenished following the 1980–1986 eruptions in the years before the 2004–2008 extrusive eruption. We use coda wave interferometry with repeating earthquakes to measure small changes in the velocity structure of Mount St. Helens volcano that might indicate magmatic intrusion. By combining observations of relative velocity changes from many closely located earthquake sources, we solve for a continuous function of velocity changes with time. We find that seasonal effects dominate the relative velocity changes. Seismicity rates and repeating earthquake occurrence also vary seasonally; therefore, velocity changes and seismicity are likely modulated by snow loading, fluid saturation, and/or changes in groundwater level. We estimate hydrologic effects impart stress changes on the order of tens of kilopascals within the upper 4 km, resulting in annual velocity variations of 0.5 to 1%. 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","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2013JB010742","usgsCitation":"Hotovec-Ellis, A.J., Gomberg, J.S., Vidale, J., and Creager, K.C., 2014, A continuous record of intereruption velocity change at Mount St. Helens from coda wave interferometry: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 119, no. 3, p. 2199-2214, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JB010742.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2199","endPage":"2214","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052622","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472546,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013jb010742","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":318514,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"119","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56d81cbae4b015c306f62bb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hotovec-Ellis, Alicia J.","contributorId":81023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hotovec-Ellis","given":"Alicia","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gomberg, Joan S. 0000-0002-0134-2606 gomberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0134-2606","contributorId":1269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"Joan","email":"gomberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":621757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vidale, John","contributorId":95804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vidale","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Creager, Ken C.","contributorId":88603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Creager","given":"Ken","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70146996,"text":"70146996 - 2014 - Quantifying understorey vegetation in the US Lake States: a proposed framework to inform regional forest carbon stocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-16T09:06:48","indexId":"70146996","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3886,"text":"Forestry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying understorey vegetation in the US Lake States: a proposed framework to inform regional forest carbon stocks","docAbstract":"The contribution of understorey vegetation (UVEG) to forest ecosystem biomass and carbon (C) across diverse forest types has, to date, eluded quantification at regional and national scales. Efforts to quantify UVEG C have been limited to field-intensive studies or broad-scale modelling approaches lacking field measurements. Although large-scale inventories of UVEG C are not common, species- and community-level inventories of vegetation structure are available and may prove useful in quantifying UVEG C stocks. This analysis developed a general framework for estimating UVEG C stocks by employing per cent cover estimates of UVEG from a region-wide forest inventory coupled with an estimate of maximum UVEG C across the US Lake States (i.e. Michigan, Minnesota and Wisconsin). Estimates of UVEG C stocks from this approach reasonably align with expected C stocks in the study region, ranging from 0.86 ± 0.06 Mg ha-1 in red pine-dominated to 1.59 ± 0.06 Mg ha-1 for aspen/birch-dominated forest types. Although the data employed here were originally collected to assess broad-scale forest structure and diversity, this study proposes a framework for using UVEG inventories as a foundation for estimating C stocks in an often overlooked, yet important ecosystem C pool.
","language":"English","publisher":"Institute of Chartered Foresters","publisherLocation":"London, England","doi":"10.1093/forestry/cpu023","usgsCitation":"Russell, M.B., D’Amato, A.W., Schulz, B.K., Woodall, C.W., Domke, G., and Bradford, J.B., 2014, Quantifying understorey vegetation in the US Lake States: a proposed framework to inform regional forest carbon stocks: Forestry, v. 87, no. 5, p. 629-638, https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpu023.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"629","endPage":"638","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051484","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308146,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55fa92d1e4b05d6c4e501ac2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Russell, Matthew B.","contributorId":140407,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Russell","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":13478,"text":"Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota (Correspondence to: russellm@umn.edu)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"D’Amato, Anthony W.","contributorId":28140,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"D’Amato","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13478,"text":"Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota (Correspondence to: russellm@umn.edu)","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6735,"text":"University of Vermont, Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schulz, Bethany K.","contributorId":140420,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schulz","given":"Bethany","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":13487,"text":"USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Anchorage, AK 99503, USA (bschulz@fs.fed.us)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Woodall, Christopher W.","contributorId":53696,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woodall","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7264,"text":"USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Beltsville, MD 20705","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Domke, Grant M.","contributorId":28891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domke","given":"Grant M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bradford, John B. 0000-0001-9257-6303 jbradford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-6303","contributorId":611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"John","email":"jbradford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70164519,"text":"70164519 - 2014 - Magnetic storms and induction hazards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-10T13:07:07","indexId":"70164519","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3879,"text":"Eos, Earth and Space Science News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magnetic storms and induction hazards","docAbstract":"Magnetic storms are potentially hazardous to the activities and technological infrastructure of modern civilization. This reality was dramatically demonstrated during the great magnetic storm of March 1989, when surface geoelectric fields, produced by the interaction of the time-varying geomagnetic field with the Earth's electrically conducting interior, coupled onto the overlying Hydro-Québec electric power grid in Canada. Protective relays were tripped, the grid collapsed, and about 9 million people were temporarily left without electricity [Bolduc, 2002].
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2014EO480001","usgsCitation":"Love, J.J., Rigler, E.J., Pulkkinen, A., and Balch, C., 2014, Magnetic storms and induction hazards: Eos, Earth and Space Science News, v. 95, no. 48, p. 445-446, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014EO480001.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"445","endPage":"446","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059807","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472535,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014eo480001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":317920,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"48","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bc6d45e4b08d617f666290","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Love, Jeffrey J. 0000-0002-3324-0348 jlove@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-0348","contributorId":760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlove@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rigler, E. Joshua 0000-0003-4850-3953 erigler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4850-3953","contributorId":4367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rigler","given":"E.","email":"erigler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Joshua","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pulkkinen, Antti","contributorId":145703,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pulkkinen","given":"Antti","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":597716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Balch, Christopher","contributorId":156386,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Balch","given":"Christopher","affiliations":[{"id":20337,"text":"NOAA Space Weather Prediciton Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":597717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70168667,"text":"70168667 - 2014 - Disturbance to desert soil ecosystems contributes to dust-mediated impacts at regional scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-24T14:09:19","indexId":"70168667","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1006,"text":"Biodiversity and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Disturbance to desert soil ecosystems contributes to dust-mediated impacts at regional scales","docAbstract":"This review considers the regional scale of impacts arising from disturbance to desert soil ecosystems. Deserts occupy over one-third of the Earth’s terrestrial surface, and biological soil covers are critical to stabilization of desert soils. Disturbance to these can contribute to massive destabilization and mobilization of dust. This results in dust storms that are transported across inter-continental distances where they have profound negative impacts. Dust deposition at high altitudes causes radiative forcing of snowpack that leads directly to altered hydrological regimes and changes to freshwater biogeochemistry. In marine environments dust deposition impacts phytoplankton diazotrophy, and causes coral reef senescence. Increasingly dust is also recognized as a threat to human health.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10531-014-0690-x","usgsCitation":"Pointing, S.B., and Belnap, J., 2014, Disturbance to desert soil ecosystems contributes to dust-mediated impacts at regional scales: Biodiversity and Conservation, v. 23, no. 7, p. 1659-1667, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-014-0690-x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1659","endPage":"1667","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068093","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318365,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56cee25ee4b015c306ec5eaf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pointing, Stephen B.","contributorId":8347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pointing","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":621215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70154934,"text":"70154934 - 2014 - Effects of low and high salinity regimes on seasonal gametogenesis of the ribbed mussel Geukensia granosissima in coastal Louisiana, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-16T10:03:32","indexId":"70154934","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3898,"text":"Sexuality and Early Development in Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of low and high salinity regimes on seasonal gametogenesis of the ribbed mussel Geukensia granosissima in coastal Louisiana, USA","docAbstract":"Benthic intertidal bivalves play an essential role in estuarine ecosystems by contributing to habitat provision, water filtration, and host vegetation productivity. As such, ecosystem level changes that impact population distributions and persistence of local bivalve populations may have large ecosystem level consequences, making it important to better understand the population ecology of native bivalves. In order to determine potential impacts of shifting salinity and temperature regimes along the northern Gulf of Mexico, the seasonal timing of gametogenesis in the Gulf estuarine ribbed mussel, Geukensia granossisima, was examined across a salinity gradient in southeastern Louisiana, from July 2011 through October 2012. Ten mussels were randomly sampled monthly from low (~ 5) and high (~25) salinity marsh sites in southeastern Louisiana, and histologically processed to determine the seasonal progression of gametogenesis. Peak ripeness occurred at both sites between April and September, was positively correlated with temperature, and coincided with seasonal shifts in salinity. Mussels located in lower salinity waters demonstrated a shorter period of gametogenesis, and lower rates of ripeness indicating that changes in salinity regimes may impact long-term population dynamics.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","publisherLocation":"Oldendorf, Germany","doi":"10.3354/sedao00008","usgsCitation":"Honig, A., LaPeyre, M.K., and Supan, J., 2014, Effects of low and high salinity regimes on seasonal gametogenesis of the ribbed mussel Geukensia granosissima in coastal Louisiana, USA: Sexuality and Early Development in Aquatic Organisms, v. 1, p. 75-82, https://doi.org/10.3354/sedao00008.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"82","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2011-07-01","temporalEnd":"2012-10-31","ipdsId":"IP-052522","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472530,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/sedao00008","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":308166,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.89263916015625,\n 29.064572539122146\n ],\n [\n -90.89263916015625,\n 29.39892665273919\n ],\n [\n -89.91348266601562,\n 29.39892665273919\n ],\n [\n -89.91348266601562,\n 29.064572539122146\n ],\n [\n -90.89263916015625,\n 29.064572539122146\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55fa92b7e4b05d6c4e501a80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Honig, Aaron","contributorId":146622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Honig","given":"Aaron","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LaPeyre, Megan K. 0000-0001-9936-2252 mlapeyre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9936-2252","contributorId":585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaPeyre","given":"Megan","email":"mlapeyre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Supan, John","contributorId":146623,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Supan","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70170830,"text":"70170830 - 2014 - The 2010 slow slip event and secular motion at Kilauea, Hawai`i inferred from TerraSAR-X InSAR data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-04T12:23:32","indexId":"70170830","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 2010 slow slip event and secular motion at Kilauea, Hawai`i inferred from TerraSAR-X InSAR data","docAbstract":"We present here an Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) algorithm to extract both transient and secular ground deformations on the order of millimeters in the presence of tropospheric noise on the order of centimeters, when the transient is of short duration and known time, and the background deformation is smooth in time. We applied this algorithm to study the 2010 slow slip event as well as the secular motion of Kīlauea's south flank using 49 TerraSAR-X images. We also estimate the tropospheric delay variation relative to a given reference pixel using an InSAR SBAS approach. We compare the InSAR SBAS solution for both ground deformation and tropospheric delays with existing GPS measurements and confirm that the ground deformation signal andtropospheric noise in InSAR data are successfully separated. We observe that the coastal region on the south side of the Hilina Pali moves at a higher background rate than the region north side of the Pali. We also conclude that the 2010 SSE displacement is mainly horizontal and the maximum magnitude of the 2010 SSE vertical component is less than 5 mm.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014JB011156","usgsCitation":"Chen, J., Zebker, H.A., Segall, P., and Miklius, A., 2014, The 2010 slow slip event and secular motion at Kilauea, Hawai`i inferred from TerraSAR-X InSAR data: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 119, no. 8, p. 6667-6683, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011156.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"6667","endPage":"6683","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054026","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jb011156","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":320945,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.31646728515625,\n 19.236280796124486\n ],\n [\n -155.31646728515625,\n 19.3134113831997\n ],\n [\n -155.2199935913086,\n 19.3134113831997\n ],\n [\n -155.2199935913086,\n 19.236280796124486\n ],\n [\n -155.31646728515625,\n 19.236280796124486\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"119","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"572b1d3be4b0b13d391b4508","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, Jingyi","contributorId":169127,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Jingyi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":628591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zebker, Howard A.","contributorId":80401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zebker","given":"Howard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Segall, Paul","contributorId":75942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Segall","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miklius, Asta 0000-0002-2286-1886 asta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-1886","contributorId":2060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miklius","given":"Asta","email":"asta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70170254,"text":"70170254 - 2014 - A depth-averaged debris-flow model that includes the effects of evolving dilatancy: II. Numerical predictions and experimental tests.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T08:02:34","indexId":"70170254","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3878,"text":"Proceedings of the Royal Society A","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A depth-averaged debris-flow model that includes the effects of evolving dilatancy: II. Numerical predictions and experimental tests.","docAbstract":"We evaluate a new depth-averaged mathematical model that is designed to simulate all stages of debris-flow motion, from initiation to deposition. A companion paper shows how the model’s five governing equations describe simultaneous evolution of flow thickness, solid volume fraction, basal pore-fluid pressure, and two components of flow momentum. Each equation contains a source term that represents the influence of state-dependent granular dilatancy. Here we recapitulate the equations and analyze their eigenstructure to show that they form a hyperbolic system with desirable stability properties. To solve the equations we use a shock-capturing numerical scheme with adaptive mesh refinement, implemented in an open-source software package we call D-Claw. As tests of D-Claw, we compare model output with results from two sets of large-scale debris-flow experiments. One set focuses on flow initiation from landslides triggered by rising pore-water pressures, and the other focuses on downstream flow dynamics, runout, and deposition. D-Claw performs well in predicting evolution of flow speeds, thicknesses, and basal pore-fluid pressures measured in each type of experiment. Computational results illustrate the critical role of dilatancy in linking coevolution of the solid volume fraction and pore-fluid pressure, which mediates basal Coulomb friction and thereby regulates debris-flow dynamics.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Royal Society","publisherLocation":"London, England","doi":"10.1098/rspa.2013.0820","usgsCitation":"George, D.L., and Iverson, R.M., 2014, A depth-averaged debris-flow model that includes the effects of evolving dilatancy: II. Numerical predictions and experimental tests.: Proceedings of the Royal Society A, v. 470, no. 2170, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2013.0820.","productDescription":"31 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053085","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472543,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2013.0820","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":320034,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"470","issue":"2170","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"570f6dabe4b0ef3b7ca3566a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"George, David L. 0000-0002-5726-0255 dgeorge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5726-0255","contributorId":3120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"David","email":"dgeorge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iverson, Richard M. 0000-0002-7369-3819 riverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"riverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70173686,"text":"70173686 - 2014 - Does age matter? The influence of age on response rates in a mixed-mode survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-07T14:51:21","indexId":"70173686","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1910,"text":"Human Dimensions of Wildlife: An International Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Does age matter? The influence of age on response rates in a mixed-mode survey","docAbstract":"The appeal of cost savings and faster results has fish and wildlife management agencies considering the use of Internet surveys instead of traditional mail surveys to collect information from their constituents. Internet surveys, however, may suffer from differential age-related response rates, potentially producing biased results if certain age groups respond to Internet surveys differently than they do to mail surveys. We examined this concern using data from a mixed-mode angler survey conducted in South Dakota following the 2011 fishing season. Results indicated that young anglers (16–18) had the lowest return rates and senior anglers (65+) had the highest, regardless of survey mode. Despite this consistency in response rates, we note two concerns: (a) lower Internet response rates and (b) different age groups represented by the Internet and mail survey samples differed dramatically. Findings indicate that constituent groups may be represented differently with the use of various survey modes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis Online","doi":"10.1080/10871209.2014.880137","usgsCitation":"Gigliotti, L.M., and Dietsch, A., 2014, Does age matter? The influence of age on response rates in a mixed-mode survey: Human Dimensions of Wildlife: An International Journal, v. 19, no. 3, p. 280-287, https://doi.org/10.1080/10871209.2014.880137.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"280","endPage":"287","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-041985","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323191,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5757f032e4b04f417c24da4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gigliotti, Larry M. 0000-0002-1693-5113 lgigliotti@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-5113","contributorId":3906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gigliotti","given":"Larry","email":"lgigliotti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dietsch, Alia dietscha@usgs.gov","contributorId":4467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietsch","given":"Alia","email":"dietscha@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":637578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70096755,"text":"70096755 - 2014 - 2014 update of the U.S. national seismic hazard maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-01T11:55:47","indexId":"70096755","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"2014 update of the U.S. national seismic hazard maps","docAbstract":"We held 8 regional and topical workshops across the U.S. to gather information for these maps. The maps were available to the public for comment during a 60-day period. A Steering Committee (9 experts) was assembled to review the inputs and results and provide additional insights. The maps have been presented at several professional meetings.
\n\n
In this talk we discuss:
\n\n
(1) CEUS, (2) WUS (outside California), (3) California, (4) Ground motion models
\n\n
We discuss the hazard maps and hazard curves used in the building code. The maps in this presentation are for 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years on a uniform firm rock site condition (VS30=760 m/s). Maps are for 0.2 s (5 Hz) spectral acceleration with 5% damping.
\n\n
We consider difference maps (2014-2008) and ratio maps (2014/2008).
","conferenceTitle":"Tenth U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering","conferenceDate":"July 21-25, 2014","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","publisher":"USGS National Seismic Hazard Mapping Project","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Petersen, M.D., Moschetti, M.P., Powers, P.M., Mueller, C.S., Haller, K., Frankel, A.D., Zeng, Y., Rezaeian, S., Harmsen, S., Boyd, O.S., Field, E., Chen, R., Rukstales, K.S., Luco, N., Wheeler, R.L., and Olsen, A.H., 2014, 2014 update of the U.S. national seismic hazard maps, 17 p.","productDescription":"17 p.","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055466","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289459,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":324742,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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R","contributorId":117684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"R","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":518592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Rukstales, Kenneth S. 0000-0003-2818-078X rukstales@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2818-078X","contributorId":775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rukstales","given":"Kenneth","email":"rukstales@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Luco, Nicolas 0000-0002-5763-9847 nluco@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5763-9847","contributorId":1188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luco","given":"Nicolas","email":"nluco@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":518583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Wheeler, Russell L. wheeler@usgs.gov","contributorId":858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"Russell","email":"wheeler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":518578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Olsen, Anna H. aolsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":4703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Anna","email":"aolsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70173755,"text":"70173755 - 2014 - Accounting for tagging-to-harvest mortality in a Brownie tag-recovery model by incorporating radio-telemetry data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-08T16:23:27","indexId":"70173755","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accounting for tagging-to-harvest mortality in a Brownie tag-recovery model by incorporating radio-telemetry data","docAbstract":"The Brownie tag-recovery model is useful for estimating harvest rates but assumes all tagged individuals survive to the first hunting season; otherwise, mortality between time of tagging and the hunting season will cause the Brownie estimator to be negatively biased. Alternatively, fitting animals with radio transmitters can be used to accurately estimate harvest rate but may be more costly. We developed a joint model to estimate harvest and annual survival rates that combines known-fate data from animals fitted with transmitters to estimate the probability of surviving the period from capture to the first hunting season, and data from reward-tagged animals in a Brownie tag-recovery model. We evaluated bias and precision of the joint estimator, and how to optimally allocate effort between animals fitted with radio transmitters and inexpensive ear tags or leg bands. Tagging-to-harvest survival rates from >20 individuals with radio transmitters combined with 50–100 reward tags resulted in an unbiased and precise estimator of harvest rates. In addition, the joint model can test whether transmitters affect an individual's probability of being harvested. We illustrate application of the model using data from wild turkey, Meleagris gallapavo,to estimate harvest rates, and data from white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus, to evaluate whether the presence of a visible radio transmitter is related to the probability of a deer being harvested. The joint known-fate tag-recovery model eliminates the requirement to capture and mark animals immediately prior to the hunting season to obtain accurate and precise estimates of harvest rate. In addition, the joint model can assess whether marking animals with radio transmitters affects the individual's probability of being harvested, caused by hunter selectivity or changes in a marked animal's behavior.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.1025","usgsCitation":"Buderman, F.E., Diefenbach, D.R., Casalena, M.J., Rosenberry, C.S., and Wallingford, B.D., 2014, Accounting for tagging-to-harvest mortality in a Brownie tag-recovery model by incorporating radio-telemetry data: Ecology and Evolution, v. 4, no. 8, p. 1439-1450, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1025.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1439","endPage":"1450","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045452","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472547,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1025","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323333,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575941b6e4b04f417c256784","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buderman, Frances E.","contributorId":171634,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buderman","given":"Frances","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diefenbach, Duane R. 0000-0001-5111-1147 drd11@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5111-1147","contributorId":5235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diefenbach","given":"Duane","email":"drd11@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Casalena, Mary Jo","contributorId":98965,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Casalena","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Jo","affiliations":[{"id":12891,"text":"Pennsylvania Game Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":638141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rosenberry, Christopher S.","contributorId":171633,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wallingford, Bret D.","contributorId":171632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wallingford","given":"Bret","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70173759,"text":"70173759 - 2014 - Using urban forest assessment tools to model bird habitat potential","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-08T14:47:20","indexId":"70173759","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2603,"text":"Landscape and Urban Planning","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using urban forest assessment tools to model bird habitat potential","docAbstract":"The alteration of forest cover and the replacement of native vegetation with buildings, roads, exotic vegetation, and other urban features pose one of the greatest threats to global biodiversity. As more land becomes slated for urban development, identifying effective urban forest wildlife management tools becomes paramount to ensure the urban forest provides habitat to sustain bird and other wildlife populations. The primary goal of this study was to integrate wildlife suitability indices to an existing national urban forest assessment tool, i-Tree. We quantified available habitat characteristics of urban forests for ten northeastern U.S. cities, and summarized bird habitat relationships from the literature in terms of variables that were represented in the i-Tree datasets. With these data, we generated habitat suitability equations for nine bird species representing a range of life history traits and conservation status that predicts the habitat suitability based on i-Tree data. We applied these equations to the urban forest datasets to calculate the overall habitat suitability for each city and the habitat suitability for different types of land-use (e.g., residential, commercial, parkland) for each bird species. The proposed habitat models will help guide wildlife managers, urban planners, and landscape designers who require specific information such as desirable habitat conditions within an urban management project to help improve the suitability of urban forests for birds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2013.10.006","usgsCitation":"Lerman, S.B., Nislow, K.H., Nowak, D., DeStefano, S., King, D.I., and Jones-Farrand, D., 2014, Using urban forest assessment tools to model bird habitat potential: Landscape and Urban Planning, v. 122, p. 29-40, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2013.10.006.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"40","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-043798","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472548,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2013.10.006","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323301,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"122","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57594238e4b04f417c2569e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lerman, Susannah B.","contributorId":171615,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lerman","given":"Susannah","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nislow, Keith H.","contributorId":103564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nislow","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nowak, David J.","contributorId":171616,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nowak","given":"David J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeStefano, Stephen 0000-0003-2472-8373 destef@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2472-8373","contributorId":166706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeStefano","given":"Stephen","email":"destef@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":638071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"King, David I.","contributorId":34390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"King","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":13259,"text":"USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":18918,"text":"Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":638105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jones-Farrand, D. Todd","contributorId":54713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones-Farrand","given":"D. Todd","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70168484,"text":"70168484 - 2014 - A multi-indicator framework for mapping cultural ecosystem services: The case of freshwater recreational fishing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-17T10:14:18","indexId":"70168484","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multi-indicator framework for mapping cultural ecosystem services: The case of freshwater recreational fishing","docAbstract":"Despite recent interest, ecosystem services are not yet fully incorporated into private and public decisions about natural resource management. Cultural ecosystem services (CES) are among the most challenging of services to include because they comprise complex ecological and social properties and processes that make them difficult to measure, map or monetize. Like others, CES are vulnerable to landscape changes and unsustainable use. To date, the sustainability of services has not been adequately addressed and few studies have considered measures of service capacity and demand simultaneously. To facilitate sustainability assessments and management of CES, our study objectives were to (1) develop a spatially explicit framework for mapping the capacity of ecosystems to provide freshwater recreational fishing, an important cultural service, (2) map societal demand for freshwater recreational fishing based on license data and identify areas of potential overuse, and (3) demonstrate how maps of relative capacity and relative demand could be interfaced to estimate sustainability of a CES. We mapped freshwater recreational fishing capacity at the 12-digit hydrologic unit-scale in North Carolina and Virginia using a multi-indicator service framework incorporating biophysical and social landscape metrics and mapped demand based on fishing license data. Mapping of capacity revealed a gradual decrease in capacity eastward from the mountains to the coastal plain and that fishing demand was greatest in urban areas. When comparing standardized relative measures of capacity and demand for freshwater recreational fishing, we found that ranks of capacity exceeded ranks of demand in most hydrologic units, except in 17% of North Carolina and 5% of Virginia. Our GIS-based approach to view freshwater recreational fishing through an ecosystem service lens will enable scientists and managers to examine (1) biophysical and social factors that foster or diminish cultural ecosystem services delivery, (2) demand for cultural ecosystem services relative to their capacity, and (3) ecological pressures like potential overuse that affect service sustainability. Ultimately, we expect such analyses to inform decision-making for freshwater recreational fisheries and other cultural ecosystem services.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.04.001","usgsCitation":"Villamagna, A., Mogollon, B., and Angermeier, P.L., 2014, A multi-indicator framework for mapping cultural ecosystem services: The case of freshwater recreational fishing: Ecological Indicators, v. 45, p. 255-265, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.04.001.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"255","endPage":"265","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049121","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318108,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c5a7bce4b0946c6522500a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Villamagna, Amy M.","contributorId":166683,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Villamagna","given":"Amy M.","affiliations":[{"id":35056,"text":"Plymouth State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mogollon, Beatriz","contributorId":166682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mogollon","given":"Beatriz","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35590,"text":"USAID/USFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Angermeier, Paul L. 0000-0003-2864-170X biota@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-170X","contributorId":166679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"Paul","email":"biota@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70168732,"text":"70168732 - 2014 - Geophysical interpretation of U, Th, and rare earth element mineralization of the Bokan Mountain peralkaline granite complex, Prince of Wales Island, southeast Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-29T15:12:43","indexId":"70168732","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3906,"text":"Interpretation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geophysical interpretation of U, Th, and rare earth element mineralization of the Bokan Mountain peralkaline granite complex, Prince of Wales Island, southeast Alaska","docAbstract":"A prospectivity map for rare earth element (REE) mineralization at the Bokan Mountain peralkaline granite complex, Prince of Wales Island, southeastern Alaska, was calculated from high-resolution airborne gamma-ray data. The map displays areas with similar radioelement concentrations as those over the Dotson REE-vein-dike system, which is characterized by moderately high %K, eU, and eTh (%K, percent potassium; eU, equivalent parts per million uranium; and eTh, equivalent parts per million thorium). Gamma-ray concentrations of rocks that share a similar range as those over the Dotson zone are inferred to locate high concentrations of REE-bearing minerals. An approximately 1300-m-long prospective tract corresponds to shallowly exposed locations of the Dotson zone. Prospective areas of REE mineralization also occur in continuous swaths along the outer edge of the pluton, over known but undeveloped REE occurrences, and within discrete regions in the older Paleozoic country rocks. Detailed mineralogical examinations of samples from the Dotson zone provide a means to understand the possible causes of the airborne Th and U anomalies and their relation to REE minerals. Thorium is sited primarily in thorite. Uranium also occurs in thorite and in a complex suite of ±Ti±Nb±Y oxide minerals, which include fergusonite, polycrase, and aeschynite. These oxides, along with Y-silicates, are the chief heavy REE (HREE)-bearing minerals. Hence, the eU anomalies, in particular, may indicate other occurrences of similar HREE-enrichment. Uranium and Th chemistry along the Dotson zone showed elevated U and total REEs east of the Camp Creek fault, which suggested the potential for increased HREEs based on their association with U-oxide minerals. A uranium prospectivity map, based on signatures present over the Ross-Adams mine area, was characterized by extremely high radioelement values. Known uranium deposits were identified in the U-prospectivity map, but the largest tract occurs over a radioelement-rich granite phase within the pluton that is likely not related to mineralization. Neither mineralization type displays a well-defined airborne magnetic signature.
One of the most commonly estimated parameters in studies of songbird ecology is reproductive success, as a measure of either individual fitness or population productivity. Traditionally, the “success” in reproductive success refers to whether, or how many, nestlings leave nests. Here, we advocate that “reproductive success” in songbirds be redefined as full-season productivity, or the number of young raised to independence from adult care in a breeding season. A growing body of evidence demonstrates interdependence between nest success and fledgling survival, and emphasizes that data from either life stage alone can produce misleading measures of individual fitness and population productivity. Nest success, therefore, is an insufficient measure of reproductive success, and songbird ecology needs to progress beyond this long-standing paradigm. Full-season productivity, an evolutionarily rational measure of reproductive success, provides the framework for appropriately addressing unresolved questions about the adaptive significance of many breeding behaviors and within which effective breeding-grounds conservation and management can be designed.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/AUK-14-69.1","usgsCitation":"Streby, H.M., Refsnider, J.M., and Andersen, D., 2014, Redefining reproductive success in songbirds: Moving beyond the nest success paradigm: The Auk, v. 131, no. 4, p. 718-726, https://doi.org/10.1642/AUK-14-69.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"718","endPage":"726","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055846","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472554,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1642/AUK-14-69.1","text":"External Repository"},{"id":318071,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"131","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c45654e4b0946c652185ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Streby, Henry M.","contributorId":11024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Streby","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12455,"text":"University of Toledo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Refsnider, Jeanine M.","contributorId":166948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Refsnider","given":"Jeanine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andersen, David E. 0000-0001-9535-3404 dea@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9535-3404","contributorId":2168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"David E.","email":"dea@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34539,"text":"Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":620464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70154862,"text":"70154862 - 2014 - Fishes and amphibians as laboratory model organisms for toxicological research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-01T18:09:42.291256","indexId":"70154862","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"19","title":"Fishes and amphibians as laboratory model organisms for toxicological research","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Frontiers in aquaculture","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Narendra Publishing House","publisherLocation":"Delhi, India","usgsCitation":"Mukhi, S., Torres, L., Sharma, B., Billam, M., and Patino, R., 2014, Fishes and amphibians as laboratory model organisms for toxicological research, chap. 19 of Frontiers in aquaculture, p. 299-318.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"299","endPage":"318","ipdsId":"IP-014218","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355700,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b6fcecce4b0f5d57878ecf7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sundaray, Jitendra Kumar","contributorId":206331,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sundaray","given":"Jitendra","email":"","middleInitial":"Kumar","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740100,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mohanty, Rajeeb Kumar","contributorId":206332,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mohanty","given":"Rajeeb","email":"","middleInitial":"Kumar","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740101,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sukham, Munilkumar","contributorId":206333,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sukham","given":"Munilkumar","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740102,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Otta, Subhendu Kumar","contributorId":206334,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Otta","given":"Subhendu","email":"","middleInitial":"Kumar","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740103,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Mukhi, Sandeep","contributorId":206335,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mukhi","given":"Sandeep","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Torres, Leticia","contributorId":143738,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Torres","given":"Leticia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sharma, Bibek","contributorId":100106,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sharma","given":"Bibek","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Billam, Madhavi","contributorId":206337,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Billam","given":"Madhavi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Patino, Reynaldo 0000-0002-4831-8400 r.patino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4831-8400","contributorId":2311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patino","given":"Reynaldo","email":"r.patino@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70047500,"text":"70047500 - 2014 - Succeeding as a non-traditional graduate student: Building the right support network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-13T16:09:18","indexId":"70047500","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"24","title":"Succeeding as a non-traditional graduate student: Building the right support network","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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The HVO seismic network extends across the entire Island of Hawai‘i and is complemented by stations installed and operated by monitoring partners in both the USGS and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The seismic data stream that is available to HVO for its monitoring of volcanic and seismic activity in Hawai‘i, therefore, is built from hundreds of data channels from a diverse collection of instruments that can accurately record the ground motions of earthquakes ranging in magnitude from <1 to ≥8. In this chapter we describe the growth of HVO’s seismic monitoring systems throughout its first hundred years of operation. Although other references provide specific details of the changes in instrumentation and data handling over time, we recount here, in more general terms, the evolution of HVO’s seismic network. We focus not only on equipment but also on interpretative products and results that were enabled by the new instrumentation and by improvements in HVO’s seismic monitoring, analytical, and interpretative capabilities implemented during the past century. As HVO enters its next hundred years of seismological studies, it is well situated to further improve upon insights into seismic and volcanic processes by using contemporary seismological tools.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Characteristics of Hawaiian volcanoes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp18012","usgsCitation":"Okubo, P.G., Nakata, J.S., and Koyanagi, R.Y., 2014, The evolution of seismic monitoring systems at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1801, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp18012.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"94","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045278","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299343,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp18012.PNG"},{"id":296668,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1801/"},{"id":299342,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1801/downloads/pp1801_Chap2_Okubo.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -160.68603515625,\n 21.657428197370653\n ],\n [\n -160.0927734375,\n 22.19757745335104\n ],\n [\n -159.54345703125,\n 22.350075806124867\n ],\n [\n -157.884521484375,\n 21.85130210558968\n ],\n [\n -155.709228515625,\n 20.86907773201848\n ],\n [\n -154.44580078125,\n 19.580493479202538\n ],\n [\n -154.698486328125,\n 18.3858049312974\n ],\n [\n -155.555419921875,\n 18.145851771694467\n ],\n [\n -156.390380859375,\n 18.895892559415024\n ],\n [\n -156.73095703125,\n 20.066251024326302\n ],\n [\n -158.323974609375,\n 21.135745255030603\n ],\n [\n -159.730224609375,\n 21.70847301324598\n ],\n [\n -160.499267578125,\n 21.361013117950915\n ],\n [\n -160.68603515625,\n 21.657428197370653\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551fb9c3e4b027f0aee3bb33","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael P.","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":543949,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Takahashi, T. 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As the Pacific Plate of the Earth’s lithosphere moves slowly northwestward over the Hawaiian hot spot, volcanoes are successively born above it, evolve as they drift away from it, and eventually die and subside beneath the ocean surface.
\nThe massive outpouring of lava flows from Hawaiian volcanoes weighs upon the oceanic crust, depressing it by as much as 5 km along an axial Hawaiian Moat. The periphery of subsidence is marked by the surrounding Hawaiian Arch. Subsidence is ongoing throughout almost all of a volcano’s life.
\nDuring its active life, an idealized Hawaiian volcano passes through four eruptive stages: preshield, shield, postshield, and rejuvenated. Though imperfectly named, these stages match our understanding of the growth history and compositional variation of the Hawaiian volcanoes; the stages reflect variations in the amount and rate of heat supplied to the lithosphere as it overrides the hot spot. Principal growth occurs in the first 1–2 million years as each volcano rises from the sea floor or submarine flank of an adjacent volcano. Volcanic extinction ensues as a volcano moves away from the hot spot.
\nEruptive-stage boundaries are drawn somewhat arbitrarily because of their transitional nature. Preshield-stage lava is alkalic as a consequence of a nascent magma-transport system and less extensive melting at the periphery of the mantle plume fed by the hot spot. The shield stage is the most productive volcanically, and each Hawaiian volcano erupts an estimated 80–95 percent of its ultimate volume in tholeiitic lavas during this stage. Shield-stage volcanism marks the time when a volcano is near or above the hot spot and its magma supply system is robust. This most active stage may also be the peak time when giant landslides modify the flanks of the volcanoes, although such processes begin earlier and extend later in the life of the volcanoes.
\nLate-shield strata extend the silica range as alkali basalt and even hawaiite lava flows are sparsely interlayered with tholeiite at some volcanoes. Rare are more highly fractionated shield-stage lava flows, which may reach 68 weight percent SiO2. Intervolcano compositional differences result mainly from variations in the part of the mantle plume sampled by magmatism and the distribution of magma sources within it.
\nVolcanism wanes gradually as Hawaiian volcanoes move away from the hot spot, passing from the shield stage into the postshield stage. Shallow magma reservoirs (1–7-km depth) of the shield-stage volcanoes cannot be sustained as magma supply lessens, but smaller reservoirs at 20–30-km depth persist. The rate of extrusion diminishes by a factor of 10 late in the shield stage, and the composition of erupted lava becomes more alkalic—albeit erratically—as the degree of melting diminishes. The variation makes this transition, from late shield to postshield, difficult to define rigorously. Of the volcanoes old enough to have seen this transition, eight have postshield strata sufficiently distinct and widespread to map separately. Only two, Ko‘olau and Lāna‘i, lack rocks of postshield composition.
\nFive Hawaiian volcanoes have seen rejuvenated-stage volcanism following quiescent periods that ranged from 2.0 to less than 0.5 million years. The rejuvenated stage can be brief—only one or two eruptive episodes—or notably durable. That on Ni‘ihau lasted from 2.2 to 0.4 million years ago; on Kaua‘i, the stage has been ongoing since 3.5 million years ago. As transitions go, the rejuvenated stage may be thought of as the long tail of alkalic volcanism that begins in late-shield time and persists through the postshield (+rejuvenated-stage) era.
\nBecause successive Hawaiian volcanoes erupt over long and overlapping spans of time, there is a wide range in the age of volcanism along the island chain, even though the age of Hawaiian shields is progressively younger to the southeast. For example, almost every island from Ni‘ihau to Hawai‘i had an eruption in the time between 0.3 and 0.4 million years ago, even though only the Island of Hawai‘i had active volcanoes in their shield stage during that time.
\nOnce they have formed, Hawaiian volcanoes become subject to a spectrum of processes of degradation. Primary among these are subaerial erosion, landslides, and subsidence. The islands, especially those that grow high above sea level, experience mean annual precipitation that locally exceeds 9 m, leading to rapid erosion that can carve deep canyons in
less than 1 million years.
Hawaiian volcanoes have also been modified by giant landslides. Seventeen discrete slides that formed in the past 5 m.y. have been identified around the main Hawaiian Islands, and fully 70 are known along the Hawaiian Ridge between Midway Islands and the Island of Hawai‘i. These giant landslides displace large amounts of seawater to generate catastrophic giant waves (megatsunami). The geologic evidence for megatsunami in the Hawaiian Islands includes chaotic coral and lava-clast breccia preserved as high as 155 m above sea level on Lāna‘i and Moloka‘i.
\nLarge Hawaiian volcanoes can persist as islands through the rapid subsidence by building upward rapidly enough. But in the long run, subsidence, coupled with surface erosion, erases any volcanic remnant above sea level in about 15 m.y. One consequence of subsidence, in concert with eustatic changes in sea level, is the drowning of coral reefs that drape the submarine flanks of the actively subsiding volcanoes. At least six reefs northwest of the Island of Hawai‘i form a stairstep configuration, the oldest being deepest.
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The models presented here draw heavily from observations, monitoring, and experiments conducted on Kīlauea Volcano, which, as the site of frequent and accessible eruptions, has attracted scientists from around the globe. Long-lived eruptions in particular—Halema‘uma‘u 1907–24, Kīlauea Iki 1959, Mauna Ulu 1969–74, Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō-Kupaianaha 1983–present, and Halema‘uma‘u 2008–present—have offered incomparable opportunities to conceptualize and constrain theoretical models with multidisciplinary data and to field-test model results. The central theme in our retrospective is the interplay of magmatic gas and near-liquidus basaltic melt. A century of study has shown that gas exsolution facilitates basaltic dike propagation; volatile solubility and vesiculation kinetics influence magma-rise rates and fragmentation depths; bubble interactions and gas-melt decoupling modulate magma rheology, eruption intensity, and plume dynamics; and pyroclast outgassing controls characteristics of eruption deposits. Looking to the future, we anticipate research leading to a better understanding of how eruptive activity is influenced by volatiles, including the physics of mixed CO2-H2O degassing, gas segregation in nonuniform conduits, and vaporization of external H2O during magma ascent.
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For the active volcanoes on the Island of Hawai‘i, the growth of these rift zones is upward and seaward and occurs through a repetitive process of decades-long buildup of a magma-system head along the rift zones, followed by rapid large-scale displacement of the seaward flank in seconds to minutes. This large-scale flank movement, which may be rapid enough to generate a large earthquake and tsunami, always causes subsidence along the coast, opening of the rift zone, and collapse of the magma-system head. If magma continues to flow into the conduit and out into the rift system, then the cycle of growth and collapse begins again. This pattern characterizes currently active Kīlauea Volcano, where periods of upward and seaward growth along rift zones were punctuated by large (>10 m) and rapid flank displacements in 1823, 1868, 1924, and 1975. At the much larger Mauna Loa volcano, rapid flank movements have occurred only twice in the past 200 years, in 1868 and 1951.
\nAll seaward flank movement occurs along a detachment fault, or décollement, that forms within the mixture of pelagic clays and volcaniclastic deposits on the old seafloor and pushes up a bench of debris along the distal margin of the flank. The offshore uplift that builds this bench is generated by décollement slip that terminates upward into the overburden along thrust faults. Finite strain and finite strength models for volcano growth on a low-friction décollement reproduce this bench structure, as well as much of the morphology and patterns of faulting observed on the actively growing volcanoes of Mauna Loa and Kīlauea. These models show how stress is stored within growing volcano flanks, but not how rapid, potentially seismic slip is triggered along their décollements. The imbalance of forces that triggers large, rapid seaward displacement of the flank after decades of creep may result either from driving forces that change rapidly, such as magma pressure gradients; from resisting forces that rapidly diminish with slip, such as those arising from coupling of pore pressure and dilatancy within décollement sediment; or, from some interplay between driving and resisting forces that produces flank motion. Our understanding of the processes of flank motion is limited by available data, though recent studies have increased our ability to quantitatively address flank instability and associated hazards.
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The analyses produced net CO2 exchange data and new ecosystem-scale ecophysiological parameter estimates for legume crops determined at diurnal and weekly time steps. Dynamics and annual totals of gross photosynthesis, ecosystem respiration, and net ecosystem production were calculated by gap filling with multivariate nonlinear regression. Comparison with the data from grain crops obtained with the same method demonstrated that CO2 exchange rates and ecophysiological parameters of legumes were lower than those of maize (Zea mays L.) but higher than for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crops. Year-round annual legume crops demonstrated a broad range of net ecosystem production, from sinks of 760 g CO2 m–2 yr–1 to sources of –2100 g CO2 m–2 yr–1, with an average of –330 g CO2 m–2 yr–1, indicating overall moderate CO2–source activity related to a shorter period of photosynthetic uptake and metabolic costs of N2 fixation. 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Several studies have assessed the value of restored tidal wetlands for juvenile Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp., but few have used integrative measures of salmon performance, such as habitat-specific growth potential, to evaluate restoration. Our study took place in the Nisqually River delta, Washington, where recent dike removals restored tidal flow to 364 ha of marsh—the largest tidal marsh restoration project in the northwestern contiguous United States. We sampled fish assemblages, water temperatures, and juvenile Chinook Salmon diet composition and consumption rates in two restored and two reference tidal channels during a 3-year period after restoration; these data were used as inputs to a bioenergetics model to compare Chinook Salmon foraging performance and growth potential between the restored and reference channels. We found that foraging performance and growth potential of juvenile Chinook Salmon were similar between restored and reference tidal channels. However, Chinook Salmon densities were significantly lower in the restored channels than in the reference channels, and growth potential was more variable in the restored channels due to their more variable and warmer (2°C) water temperatures. These results indicate that some—but not all—ecosystem attributes that are important for juvenile Pacific salmon can recover rapidly after large-scale tidal marsh restoration.
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2014 - Survival of hatchery Gulf sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi Mitchill, 1815) in the Suwannee River, Florida: a 19-year evaluation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T17:42:09","indexId":"70156693","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2166,"text":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of hatchery Gulf sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi Mitchill, 1815) in the Suwannee River, Florida: a 19-year evaluation","docAbstract":"An experimental release of 1192 hatchery-reared, individually PIT tagged, 220 days old (296–337 mm TL) Gulf sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi, was undertaken in 1992 in the Suwannee River, Florida. The original objectives of the 1992 release experiment were to: (1) evaluate survival rate of cultured Gulf sturgeon in the wild vs survival rate of their wild 1992 cohort counterparts, (2) determine the differential effect of release site within the river upon long-term survival, and (3) evaluate comparative growth rates of recaptured hatchery vs captured wild 1992 cohort Gulf sturgeon. The present investigation addressed those original objectives, plus an additional fourth objective: (4) evaluation of hatchery fish recapture rate change over the 19-year experiment. The primary objective was to determine efficacy of potential conservation aquaculture for this species in terms of long-term survival in the wild. Follow-up 1993–2011 gill net sampling in freshwater reaches (rkm 4–237) and the estuarine river mouth (rkm −6 to 4) yielded recaptures representing 13.0% of the total released. Mean annual hatchery fish mortality (including emigration) rate estimated for the 19-year period (1993–2011) was more than twice that for same cohort wild fish. Mark-recapture survival probability (phi) for hatchery fish, 1993–2011, was substantially lower (0.733) than for their wild counterparts (0.888). Mean annual hatchery fish recapture rate, as a percentage of all 1992 cohort fish recaptures, declined significantly after age-7, coinciding with age of onset of migration into the open Gulf of Mexico. Hypothesized causal factors may be differentially lower fitness in the marine habitat or permanent outmigration due to natal river imprinting failure. Hatchery fish recapture rates varied significantly for fish from the ten release sites, being highest near the river mouth, and lowest for the furthest upriver sites in the Suwannee River and its Santa Fe River tributary. Hatchery fish also displayed a significantly lower growth rate than their wild counterparts through age 3000 days. Cumulative hatchery fish mortality of 99.87% over 19 years predicts <3 individuals would have survived through 2011. From the results of the 1992 release experiment, hatchery supplementation as a Gulf sturgeon conservation measure does not appear to be an effective option.
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The boreal region, underlain by discontinuous permafrost, presents a challenging landscape for itemizing current and potential carbon sources and sinks in the boreal soil and vegetation. The roles of fire, forest succession, and the presence (or absence) of permafrost on carbon cycle, vegetation, and hydrologic processes have been the focus of multidisciplinary research in this area for the past 20 years. However, projections of a warming future climate, an increase in fire severity and extent, and the potential degradation of permafrost could lead to major landscape process changes over the next 20 to 50 years. This provides a major challenge for predicting how the interplay between land management activities and impacts of climate warming will affect carbon sources and sinks in Interior Alaska. To assist land managers in adapting and managing for potential changes in the Interior Alaska carbon cycle we developed this review paper incorporating an overview of the climate, ecosystem processes, vegetation types, and soil regimes in Interior Alaska with a focus on ramifications for the carbon cycle. Our objective is to provide a synthesis of the most current carbon storage estimates and measurements to support policy and land management decisions on how to best manage carbon sources and sinks in Interior Alaska. To support this we have surveyed relevant peer reviewed estimates of carbon stocks in aboveground and belowground biomass for Interior Alaska boreal ecosystems. We have also summarized methane and carbon dioxide fluxes from the same ecosystems. These data have been converted into the same units to facilitate comparison across ecosystem compartments. We identify potential changes in the carbon cycle with climate change and human disturbance including how compounding disturbances can affect the boreal system. Finally, we provide recommendations to address the challenges facing land managers in efforts to manage carbon cycle processes. The results of this study can be used for carbon cycle management in other locations within the boreal biome which encompass a broad distribution from 45° to 83° north.
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