{"pageNumber":"1316","pageRowStart":"32875","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46734,"records":[{"id":22435,"text":"ofr95460 - 1995 - Reference manual for data base on Nevada well logs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:07","indexId":"ofr95460","displayToPublicDate":"1996-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-460","title":"Reference manual for data base on Nevada well logs","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey and Nevada Division of Water Resources are cooperatively using a data base for are cooperatively using a data base for managing well-log information for the State of Nevada. The Well-Log Data Base is part of an integrated system of computer data bases using the Ingres Relational Data-Base Management System, which allows efficient storage and access to water information from the State Engineer's office. The data base contains a main table, two ancillary tables, and nine lookup tables, as well as a menu-driven system for entering, updating, and reporting on the data. This reference guide outlines the general functions of the system and provides a brief description of data tables and data-entry screens.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;","doi":"10.3133/ofr95460","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Bauer, E., and Cartier, K.D., 1995, Reference manual for data base on Nevada well logs: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-460, iv, 29 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95460.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155627,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0460/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51972,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0460/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635220","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bauer, E.M.","contributorId":49816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cartier, K. D.","contributorId":9236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cartier","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":21786,"text":"ofr95353 - 1995 - Flow duration of Kentucky streams through 1990; historical and monthly flow characteristics, including the effects of reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:50","indexId":"ofr95353","displayToPublicDate":"1996-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-353","title":"Flow duration of Kentucky streams through 1990; historical and monthly flow characteristics, including the effects of reservoirs","docAbstract":"This report presents flow-duration tables and plots for selected streamflow sites in Kentucky with three or more years of continuous record through 1990. Flow duration describes the frequency with which given streamflows are equalled or exceeded. The flow-duration tables were computed using daily mean discharge values for the entire period specified and for each month of the period specified. Only complete years of record were used for the computation. For sites where the streamflow is affected by regulation, separate tables are presented for the period before regulation (unregulated), the period of record after regulation (regulated) and the entire period of record (historical). Flow-duration plots are also presented for each station using the data for the entire period specified. Where practicable, several flow-duration plots are shown together. This includes stations on the same stream, such as main-stem stations, and stations within the same watershed. For stations affected by regulation, which have up to three sets of data available for one station (unregulated, regulated, and historical), the three plots are shown together to clearly illustrate the influence of regulation in augmenting low flows and reducing high flows.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95353","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Ruhl, K., Burns, R., Martin, G.R., and Allgeier, D., 1995, Flow duration of Kentucky streams through 1990; historical and monthly flow characteristics, including the effects of reservoirs: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-353, iii, 291 p. (1 folded) :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95353.","productDescription":"iii, 291 p. (1 folded) :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153766,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0353/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51285,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0353/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d7e4b07f02db5deb48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruhl, K.J.","contributorId":35322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhl","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burns, R.J.","contributorId":50930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, G. R.","contributorId":14004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allgeier, D.P.","contributorId":27881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allgeier","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":31913,"text":"ofr95432 - 1995 - Records of wells and water levels from the statewide observation-well network in Montana from October 1985 through October 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-11T18:48:56.885905","indexId":"ofr95432","displayToPublicDate":"1996-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-432","title":"Records of wells and water levels from the statewide observation-well network in Montana from October 1985 through October 1992","docAbstract":"A statewide observation-well network was developed in Montana in 1947 by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with other Federal and State agencies to provide a long-term record of water levels in selected wells. This report summarized well records and water levels for the network and shows the locations of the wells. Data for 360 wells are tabulated in this report, generally for the period 1985-92. The well records include altitude of land surface, principal aquifer, year of construction, depth of well, primary use of site, primary use of water, casing type,casing depth, casing diameter, top of and bottom of open interval, year water-level data collection began, frequency of water-level data collection, year water-quality data collection began, type of analysis, year water-quality parameter measured, analyzing agency, and type of logs available. The water-level data include date of measurement, water level, method of measurement, and site status. Data for wells equipped with recorders include well number, site identification, name of source agency, well depth, principal aquifer, altitude of land surface, and water level. Well location is shown on a map at a scale of 1:1,000,000.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95432","usgsCitation":"Chambers, C.L., 1995, Records of wells and water levels from the statewide observation-well network in Montana from October 1985 through October 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-432, 153 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95432.","productDescription":"153 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403426,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18474.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":60082,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0432/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":161220,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0432/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":6859,"text":"fs18895 - 1995 - Flood of 1993—Mississippi River near the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial (Arch), St. Louis, Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-18T15:35:23","indexId":"fs18895","displayToPublicDate":"1996-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"188-95","displayTitle":"Flood of 1993—Mississippi River near the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial (Arch), St. Louis, Missouri","title":"Flood of 1993—Mississippi River near the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial (Arch), St. Louis, Missouri","docAbstract":"<p>River-flow data have been collected on the Mississippi River at St. Louis near the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial (Arch) since 1861. Water at this location is excess river flow from 13 States and part of Canada (drainage area of about 697,000 square miles). Many disaster conditions, including floods and droughts, have affected this area; however, the flood of 1993 will be remembered not only for its intensity and duration, but as the largest flood in 150 years in the area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs18895","usgsCitation":"Southard, R.E., and Smith, B.J., 1995, Flood of 1993—Mississippi River near the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial (Arch), St. Louis, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 188-95, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs18895.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":34176,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0188/fs19950188.pdf","text":"Report","size":"754 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 1995–0188"},{"id":117939,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0188/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"<p>Director, <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/cm-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/cm-water\">Central Midwest Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>1400 Independence Road<br>Rolla, MO 65401</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Introduction</li><li>Flood of 1993</li><li>References</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5ef02b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Southard, Rodney E. 0000-0001-8024-9698 southard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8024-9698","contributorId":3880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Southard","given":"Rodney","email":"southard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":153464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Brenda J.","contributorId":61421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Brenda","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5259,"text":"fs18795 - 1995 - USGS Laboratory Review Program Ensures Analytical Quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:38","indexId":"fs18795","displayToPublicDate":"1996-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"187-95","title":"USGS Laboratory Review Program Ensures Analytical Quality","docAbstract":"The USGS operates a review program for laboratories that analyze samples for USGS environmental investigations. This program has been effective in providing QA feedback to laboratories while ensuring that analytical data are consistent, of satisfactory quality, and meet the data objectives of the investigation.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs18795","usgsCitation":"Erdmann, D.E., 1995, USGS Laboratory Review Program Ensures Analytical Quality: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 187-95, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs18795.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122826,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0187/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31972,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0187/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478fe4b07f02db48a533","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erdmann, David E.","contributorId":62991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erdmann","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":6883,"text":"fs22195 - 1995 - Evaluating barnyard Best Management Practices in Wisconsin using upstream-downstream monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-29T09:53:10","indexId":"fs22195","displayToPublicDate":"1996-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"221-95","title":"Evaluating barnyard Best Management Practices in Wisconsin using upstream-downstream monitoring","docAbstract":"<p>The Nonpoint Source Water Pollution Abatement Program was created in 1978 by the Wisconsin Legislature. The goal of the program is to improve and protect the water quality of lakes, streams, wetlands, and ground water within selected priority watersheds by controlling sources of nonpoint pollution. For each selected watershed, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources drafts a management plan that guides the implementation of pollution-control strategies known as Best Management Practices (BMP's). This plan summarizes resource and land-use inventories, describes the results of pollution-source modeling, and suggests pollution reduction goals. The U.S. Geological Survey, through a cooperative effort with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, is monitoring water-quality improvements that result from the implementation of BMP's. The data collected are then compared to the watershed plans to assess progress and determine whether goals are being realized. This fact sheet describes the data-collection efforts, preliminary results, and planned data-analysis techniques of monitoring projects for pre-BMP conditions at two barnyards, one each on Otter Creek and Halfway Prairie Creek.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs22195","usgsCitation":"Stuntebeck, T.D., 1995, Evaluating barnyard Best Management Practices in Wisconsin using upstream-downstream monitoring: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 221-95, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs22195.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124854,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_221_95.bmp"},{"id":308686,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/fs221-95/pdf/fs22195.pdf"},{"id":12070,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/fs221-95/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Halfway Prairie Creek, Otter Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.84619140625,\n              42.48830197960227\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.84619140625,\n              43.6599240747891\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.637939453125,\n              43.6599240747891\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.637939453125,\n              42.48830197960227\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.84619140625,\n              42.48830197960227\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a03e4b07f02db5f840d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stuntebeck, Todd D. 0000-0002-8405-7295 tdstunte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8405-7295","contributorId":902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuntebeck","given":"Todd","email":"tdstunte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":153511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5421,"text":"fs18495 - 1995 - Western United States Mine-Dump Data Retrievals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:47","indexId":"fs18495","displayToPublicDate":"1996-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"184-95","title":"Western United States Mine-Dump Data Retrievals","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs18495","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1995, Western United States Mine-Dump Data Retrievals: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 184-95, 1 sheet : ill. ; 28 cm. ill. ;, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs18495.","productDescription":"1 sheet : ill. ; 28 cm. ill. ;","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117386,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_184_95.bmp"},{"id":560,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-0184-95/fs-0184-95.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e49f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":6844,"text":"fs23195 - 1995 - Water-quality assessment in the Trinity River Basin, Texas: Nutrient concentrations in streams winter and spring 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-02T15:29:54.815813","indexId":"fs23195","displayToPublicDate":"1996-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"231-95","title":"Water-quality assessment in the Trinity River Basin, Texas: Nutrient concentrations in streams winter and spring 1994","docAbstract":"<p>A consistent, basin-wide set of data for streams in the Trinity River Basin is a necessary baseline to compare current conditions with historical data and to provide a reference for future studies. In addition, the basin-wide surveys begin the process of addressing the cause-effect relations for water quality in the basin. Effects of land use, geology, vegetation, soils, and reservoirs on water quality were considered in selection of sites. Seasonal differences were addressed by conducting two surveys, the first during the winter low-flow period and the second during the late spring high-flow period.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs23195","usgsCitation":"Shipp, A.A., 1995, Water-quality assessment in the Trinity River Basin, Texas: Nutrient concentrations in streams winter and spring 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 231-95, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs23195.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49157,"text":"Rocky Mountain Regional Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":34170,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0231/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"986.24 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":125338,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0231/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Trinity River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -98.72314453125,\n              33.60546961227188\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.118896484375,\n              33.52307880890422\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.503662109375,\n              33.52307880890422\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.96533203125,\n              33.394759218577995\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.45996093749999,\n              33.23868752757414\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.888671875,\n              32.657875736955305\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.372314453125,\n              32.30570601389429\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.910888671875,\n              31.70947636001935\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.58129882812499,\n              30.996445897426373\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.306640625,\n              30.32547125932808\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.306640625,\n              29.983486718474694\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.4384765625,\n              29.77391386999227\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.833984375,\n              29.66896252599253\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.20751953125,\n              29.563901551414443\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.701904296875,\n              29.592565403314087\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.888671875,\n              29.945415337104453\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.229248046875,\n              30.477082932837682\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.624755859375,\n              31.12819929911196\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.9873046875,\n              31.409912194070973\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.49267578125,\n              31.90554145590038\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.02001953125,\n              32.12910537866886\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.5693359375,\n              32.33355894864106\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.89892578125,\n              32.7872745269555\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.975830078125,\n              33.19273094190692\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.82202148437499,\n              33.54139466898275\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.72314453125,\n              33.60546961227188\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7220","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shipp, Allison A. 0000-0003-2927-8893 aashipp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2927-8893","contributorId":338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shipp","given":"Allison","email":"aashipp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":49157,"text":"Rocky Mountain Regional Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":153442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":18430,"text":"ofr95452 - 1995 - Reference manual for data base on Nevada water-rights permits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:25","indexId":"ofr95452","displayToPublicDate":"1996-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-452","title":"Reference manual for data base on Nevada water-rights permits","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey and Nevada Division of Water Resources have cooperatively developed and implemented a data-base system for managing water-rights permit information for the State of Nevada. The Water-Rights Permit data base is part of an integrated system of computer data bases using the Ingres Relational Data-Base Manage-ment System, which allows efficient storage and access to water information from the State Engineer's office. The data base contains a main table, three ancillary tables, and five lookup tables, as well as a menu-driven system for entering, updating, and reporting on the data. This reference guide outlines the general functions of the system and provides a brief description of data tables and data-entry screens.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;","doi":"10.3133/ofr95452","usgsCitation":"Cartier, K.D., Bauer, E., and Farnham, J., 1995, Reference manual for data base on Nevada water-rights permits: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-452, iv, 28 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95452.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0452/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47781,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0452/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635219","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cartier, K. D.","contributorId":9236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cartier","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bauer, E.M.","contributorId":49816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farnham, J.L.","contributorId":80703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farnham","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":22434,"text":"ofr95450 - 1995 - Bibliography, indices, and data sources of water-related studies, upper Colorado River basin, Colorado and Utah, 1872-1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-08T19:21:49.813296","indexId":"ofr95450","displayToPublicDate":"1996-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-450","title":"Bibliography, indices, and data sources of water-related studies, upper Colorado River basin, Colorado and Utah, 1872-1995","docAbstract":"As part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program, current water-quality conditions in the Upper Colorado River Basin in Colorado and Utah are being assessed. This report is an initial effort to identify and compile information on water-related studies previously conducted in the basin and consists of a bibliography, coauthor and subject indices, and sources of available water-related data. Computerized literature searches of scientific data bases were carried out to identify past water-related studies in the basin, and government agencies and private organizations were contacted regarding their knowledge or possession of water-related publications and data. Categories of information in the bibliography include: aquatic biology, climate, energy development, geology, land use, limnology, runoff, salinity, surface- and ground-water hydrology, water chemistry, water quality and quantity, and water use and management. The approximately 1,400 indexed references date from 1872 through February 1995 and include books, journal articles, maps, and reports. In many instances, an abstract has been provided for a given reference. Sources of water-related data in the basin are included in a table.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95450","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Bauch, N., and Apodaca, L., 1995, Bibliography, indices, and data sources of water-related studies, upper Colorado River basin, Colorado and Utah, 1872-1995: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-450, v, 282 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95450.","productDescription":"v, 282 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1491,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/ofr95450/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":155626,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Utah","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db626289","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bauch, N.J.","contributorId":64688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauch","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Apodaca, L.E.","contributorId":73635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Apodaca","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29682,"text":"wri954114 - 1995 - Water Budget for the Kohala Area, Island of Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:15","indexId":"wri954114","displayToPublicDate":"1996-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4114","title":"Water Budget for the Kohala Area, Island of Hawaii","docAbstract":"Ground-water recharge is estimated as the residual component of a monthly water budget calculated using long-term average rainfall, streamflow and pan evaporation data, and soil and vegetation characteristics. The water-budget components are defined seasonally, through the use of the monthly water budget, and spatially by topographic and geologic areas, through the use of a geographic information system model.\r\n\r\nThe long-term average ground-water recharge for the Kohala area, estimated by water-budget analysis for the topographic areas used in the analysis, is 162 Mgal/d in area A (south windward Kohala), 41 percent of average rainfall; 60 Mgal/d in area B (north windward Kohala), 33 percent of average rainfall; and 24 Mgal/d in area C (leeward Kohala), 13 percent of average rainfall.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wri954114","usgsCitation":"Shade, P.J., 1995, Water Budget for the Kohala Area, Island of Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4114, iv, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954114.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p.","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160144,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4114/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58510,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4114/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd3f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shade, Patricia J.","contributorId":30618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shade","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27863,"text":"wri954183 - 1995 - Geology, Streamflow, and Water Chemistry of the Talufofo Stream Basin, Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:15","indexId":"wri954183","displayToPublicDate":"1996-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4183","title":"Geology, Streamflow, and Water Chemistry of the Talufofo Stream Basin, Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands","docAbstract":"A study of the geology, streamflow, and water chemistry of Talufofo Stream Basin, Saipan, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, was undertaken to determine the flow characteristics of Talufofo Stream and the relation to the geology of the drainage basin. The Commonwealth government is exploring the feasibility of using water from Talufofo Stream to supplement Saipan's stressed municipal water supply.\r\n\r\nStreamflow records from gaging stations on the principal forks of Talufofo Stream indicate that peak streamflows and long-term average flow are higher at the South Fork gaging station than at the Middle Fork gaging station because the drainage area of the South Fork gaging station is larger, but persistent base flow from ground-water discharge during dry weather is greater in the Middle Fork gaging station. The sum of the average flows at the Middle Fork and South Fork gaging stations, plus an estimate of the average flow at a point in the lower reaches of the North Fork, is about 2.96 cubic feet per second or 1.91 million gallons per day. Although this average represents the theoretical maximum long-term draft rate possible from the Talufofo Stream Basin if an adequate reservoir can be built, the actual amount of surface water available will be less because of evaporation, leaks, induced infiltration, and reservoir-design constraints. \r\n\r\nBase-flow characteristics, such as stream seepage and spring discharge, are related to geology of the basin. Base flow in the Talufofo Stream Basin originates as discharge from springs near the base of limestones located in the headwaters of Talufofo Stream, flows over low-permeability volcanic rocks in the middle reaches, and seeps back into the high-permeability limestones in the lower reaches. \r\n\r\nWater sampled from Talufofo Stream during base flow had high dissolved-calcium concentrations (between 35 and 98 milligrams per liter), characteristic of water from a limestone aquifer. Concentrations of potassium, sodium, and chloride ions in water samples from Talufofo Stream are characteristic of water draining a heavily vegetated basin near the ocean.\r\n\r\nThe streamflow and water-chemistry data indicate that discharge from springs is in hydraulic connection with the limestone aquifer near the headwaters of the basin. The base flow therefore is subject to stresses placed on the nearby limestone ground-water system. Pumping from wells in the limestones at the headwaters of Talufofo Stream Basin may decrease spring flow in Talufofo Stream.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wri954183","usgsCitation":"Izuka, S.K., and Ewart, C.J., 1995, Geology, Streamflow, and Water Chemistry of the Talufofo Stream Basin, Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4183, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954183.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123759,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4183/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56688,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4183/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60ee81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izuka, Scot K. 0000-0002-8758-9414 skizuka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-9414","contributorId":2645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izuka","given":"Scot","email":"skizuka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":198803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ewart, Charles J. III","contributorId":76361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewart","given":"Charles","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29519,"text":"wri924093 - 1995 - Simulation of streamflow and sediment transport in two surface-coal-mined basins in Fayette County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-16T21:33:46.050946","indexId":"wri924093","displayToPublicDate":"1996-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4093","title":"Simulation of streamflow and sediment transport in two surface-coal-mined basins in Fayette County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"The Hydrological Simulation Program - Fortran (HSPF) was used to simulate streamflow and sediment transport in two surface-mined basins of Fayette County, Pa. Hydrologic data from the Stony Fork Basin (0.93 square miles) was used to calibrate HSPF parameters. The calibrated parameters were applied to an HSPF model of the Poplar Run Basin (8.83 square miles) to evaluate the transfer value of model parameters. The results of this investigation provide information to the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources, Bureau of Mining and Reclamation, regarding the value of the simulated hydrologic data for use in cumulative hydrologic-impact assessments of surface-mined basins. \r\n     The calibration period was October 1, 1985, through September 30, 1988 (water years 1986-88). The simulated data were representative of the observed data from the Stony Fork Basin. Mean simulated streamflow was 1.64 cubic feet per second compared to measured streamflow of 1.58 cubic feet per second for the 3-year period. The difference between the observed and simulated peak stormflow ranged from 4.0 to 59.7 percent for 12 storms. The simulated sediment load for the 1987 water year was 127.14 tons (0.21 ton per acre), which compares to a measured sediment load of 147.09 tons (0.25 ton per acre). The total simulated suspended-sediment load for the 3-year period was 538.2 tons (0.30 ton per acre per year), which compares to a measured sediment load of 467.61 tons (0.26 ton per acre per year). \r\n\r\n     The model was verified by comparing observed and simulated data from October 1, 1988, through September 30, 1989. The results obtained were comparable to those from the calibration period. The simulated mean daily discharge was representative of the range of data observed from the basin and of the frequency with which specific discharges were equalled or exceeded.\r\n\r\n     The calibrated and verified parameters from the Stony Fork model were applied to an HSPF model of the Poplar Run Basin. The two basins are in a similar physical setting. Data from October 1, 1987, through September 30, 1989, were used to evaluate the Poplar Run model. In general, the results from the Poplar Run model were comparable to those obtained from the Stony Fork model. The difference between observed and simulated total streamflow was 1.1 percent for the 2-year period. The mean annual streamflow simulated by the Poplar Run model was 18.3 cubic feet per second. This compares to an observed streamflow of 18.15 cubic feet per second. For the 2-year period, the simulated sediment load was 2,754 tons (0.24 ton per acre per year), which compares to a measured sediment load of 3,051.2 tons (0.27 ton per acre per year) for the Poplar Run Basin. Cumulative frequency-distribution curves of the observed and simulated streamflow compared well. The comparison between observed and simulated data improved as the time span increased. Simulated annual means and totals were more representative of the observed data than hourly data used in comparing storm events.\r\n\r\n     The structure and organization of the HSPF model facilitated the simulation of a wide range of hydrologic processes. The simulation results from this investigation indicate that model parameters may be transferred to ungaged basins to generate representative hydrologic data through modeling techniques.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri924093","usgsCitation":"Sams, J.I., and Witt, E., 1995, Simulation of streamflow and sediment transport in two surface-coal-mined basins in Fayette County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4093, vi, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924093.","productDescription":"vi, 52 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406891,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47658.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":58357,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4093/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159722,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4093/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Fayette County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.6,\n              39.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.425,\n              39.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.425,\n              40.0667\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.6,\n              40.0667\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.6,\n              39.75\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e492de4b07f02db57ef5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sams, J. I. III","contributorId":50548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sams","given":"J.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Witt, E. C. III","contributorId":105746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witt","given":"E. C.","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26733,"text":"wri944253 - 1995 - Geochemistry of ground water in the Gallup, Dakota, and Morrison aquifers, San Juan Basin, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:37","indexId":"wri944253","displayToPublicDate":"1996-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4253","title":"Geochemistry of ground water in the Gallup, Dakota, and Morrison aquifers, San Juan Basin, New Mexico","docAbstract":"Ground water was sampled from wells completed in the Gallup,\r\nDakota, and Morrison aquifers in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico,\r\nto examine controls on solute concentrations. Samples were \r\ncollected from 38 wells primarily from the Morrison aquifer (25 \r\nwells) in the northwestern part of the basin. A series of samples\r\nwas collected along ground-water flow paths; dissolved \r\nconstituents varied horizontally and vertically.\r\n\r\n     The understanding of the flow system changed as a result of\r\nthe geochemical analyses. The conceptual model of the flow system in\r\nthe Morrison aquifer prior to the study reported here assumed the\r\nWestwater Canyon Member of the Morrison aquifer as the only \r\nsignificant regional aquifer; flow was assumed to be two \r\ndimensional; and vertical leakage was assumed to be negligible.\r\nThe geochemical results indicate that the Westwater Canyon Member\r\nis not the only major water-yielding zone and that the flow\r\nsystem is three dimensional. The data presented in this report \r\nsuggest an upward component of flow into the Morrison aquifer. The \r\nentire section above and below the Morrison aquifer appears to be \r\ncontrolled by a three-dimensional flow regime where saline brine\r\nleaks near the San Juan River discharge area.\r\n\r\n     Predominant ions in the Gallup aquifer were calcium\r\nbicarbonate in recharge areas and sodium sulfate in discharge areas.  \r\nIn the Dakota aquifer, predominant ions were sodium bicarbonate and\r\nsodium sulfate. Water in the Morrison aquifer was predominantly sodium \r\nbicarbonate in the recharge area, changing to sodium sulfate \r\ndowngradient.\r\n\r\n     Chemical and radioisotopic data indicate that water from \r\noverlying and underlying units mixes with recharge water in the \r\nMorrison aquifer. Recharge water contained a large ratio of \r\nchlorine-36 to chlorine and a small ratio of bromide to chloride.\r\nApproximately 10 miles downgradient, samples from four wells \r\ncompleted in the Morrison aquifer were considerably different in\r\ncomposition compared to recharge samples. Oxygen stable isotopes\r\ndecreased by 2.8 per mil and deuterium decreased 26 per mil, \r\nrelative to recharge. Carbon-14 radioisotope activities were not\r\ndetectable. Chloride-36 radioisotope ratios were small and\r\nbromide to chloride concentration ratios were large. These results\r\nsuggest two potentially viable processes: ion filtration or trapping of\r\nancient dilute water recharged under a humid climate. For water\r\nsamples near the San Juan River, pH decreased to about 8.0, \r\nchloride concentrations increased to more than 100 milligrams per\r\nliter, and ratios of chlorine-36 to chlorine and bromide to \r\nchloride were small. Leakage of deep basin brine into the fresher\r\nwater of the Morrison aquifer appears to control ion concentrations.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, [Water Resources Division, New Mexico District] ;\r\nCan be purchased from U.S.G.S. Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section,","doi":"10.3133/wri944253","usgsCitation":"Dam, W.L., 1995, Geochemistry of ground water in the Gallup, Dakota, and Morrison aquifers, San Juan Basin, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4253, vii, 76 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944253.","productDescription":"vii, 76 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":125156,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4253/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55609,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4253/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6aaeb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dam, W. L.","contributorId":100890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dam","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27410,"text":"wri944110 - 1995 - Water levels in the Calumet aquifer and their relation to surface-water levels in northern Lake County, Indiana, 1985-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-24T10:55:16","indexId":"wri944110","displayToPublicDate":"1996-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4110","title":"Water levels in the Calumet aquifer and their relation to surface-water levels in northern Lake County, Indiana, 1985-92","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey made 2,328 water-level measurements at a total of 96 ground-water and surface-water sites in northern Lake County, Indiana, from August 1985 through September 1992. This report lists and summarizes the significance of the measurements. Northern Lake County is on the southern shore of Lake Michigan and includes the cities of East Chicago, Gary, Hammond, and Whiting. The study area is underlain by the unconfined Calumet aquifer and receives about 36 inches of precipitation per year.</p>\n<p>The U.S. Geological Survey investigated ground-water levels and flow in the Calumet aquifer and the effect of Lake Michigan levels on ground-water and surface-water levels throughout the study area. Summary statistics of the water-level data were computed for each site.</p>\n<p>Ground-water levels annually reach a maximum in June or July and a minimum in September or October. Measured groundwater fluctuations in the Calumet aquifer during the study period ranged from 0.40 to 5.01 feet, and the mean ground-water fluctuation was about 2.3 feet The largest surface-water fluctuations were affected by record setting Lake Michigan levels. Midmonth daily averages for the data-collection period show that Lake Michigan fluctuated 4.14 feet Water-level fluctuations on the Grand Calumet River were from 1.06 to 2.45 feet.</p>\n<p>Analysis of water-level data indicates that the 1988 drought did not substantially affect water levels in the Calumet aquifer, but the deficit in precipitation reversed vertical flow gradients in ground water at three paired deep and shallow wells. High water levels in Lake Michigan during 1985-87 created long-term backwater effects on the Grand Calumet River as far as 11.0 miles upstream from Lake Michigan.</p>\n<p>Analysis of water-level data from the data-collection network indicates that the water table normally slopes toward streams, ditches, sewers, the Indiana Harbor Canal, and Lake Michigan. The slope of the water table toward the Grand Calumet River is greatest in the winter and can decrease to being almost horizontal in the summer. Wells near streams respond quickly to nearby surface-water-level changes. Water-table maps indicate that sewers and dewatering systems are lowering ground-water levels in large areas. Ditches, the Grand Calumet River, and the Indiana Harbor Canal connect the Lake Michigan water level to large parts of the study area. The surface-water stage in the Indiana Harbor Canal, which functions as a ditch, can equal Lake Michigan's stage up to 3.75 miles inland from the lakeshore. Human activity, the stage of Lake Michigan, and the storage capacity of the Calumet aquifer combine to reduce vertical changes in the water table in the study area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/wri944110","collaboration":"Indiana Department of Environmental Management","usgsCitation":"Greeman, T.K., 1995, Water levels in the Calumet aquifer and their relation to surface-water levels in northern Lake County, Indiana, 1985-92: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4110, v, 61 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944110.","productDescription":"v, 61 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","startPage":"1","endPage":"61","numberOfPages":"67","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158683,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4110/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56269,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4110/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Lake","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-87.2223,41.6248],[-87.2222,41.6152],[-87.2221,41.6039],[-87.2218,41.5698],[-87.22,41.4632],[-87.2198,41.3747],[-87.2196,41.3601],[-87.22,41.3388],[-87.2198,41.3188],[-87.2197,41.3043],[-87.2189,41.2893],[-87.2187,41.2744],[-87.2193,41.2671],[-87.219,41.2426],[-87.2184,41.2417],[-87.2263,41.2353],[-87.2762,41.2187],[-87.2859,41.2154],[-87.3241,41.1862],[-87.3313,41.1829],[-87.3405,41.1824],[-87.3448,41.1824],[-87.38,41.1726],[-87.394,41.1625],[-87.4,41.1625],[-87.4055,41.1625],[-87.4147,41.1619],[-87.4411,41.1731],[-87.4466,41.174],[-87.4484,41.1744],[-87.4587,41.1702],[-87.4801,41.1701],[-87.5263,41.1661],[-87.5261,41.267],[-87.5265,41.2983],[-87.527,41.4086],[-87.5265,41.4712],[-87.5255,41.5516],[-87.5239,41.6941],[-87.524,41.7135],[-87.5234,41.7131],[-87.5134,41.7054],[-87.5158,41.7027],[-87.5133,41.7004],[-87.4997,41.6914],[-87.4922,41.6865],[-87.4848,41.6843],[-87.4829,41.6811],[-87.4768,41.6789],[-87.4712,41.6753],[-87.4613,41.6718],[-87.4503,41.6741],[-87.4397,41.6647],[-87.436,41.6656],[-87.4355,41.6729],[-87.4245,41.6802],[-87.4177,41.6753],[-87.4396,41.6565],[-87.4228,41.6439],[-87.4167,41.6439],[-87.4099,41.644],[-87.4087,41.644],[-87.4044,41.6413],[-87.392,41.6382],[-87.3748,41.6329],[-87.3711,41.6315],[-87.3538,41.6285],[-87.3384,41.6259],[-87.3274,41.6259],[-87.3218,41.6219],[-87.315,41.6201],[-87.3101,41.6201],[-87.3058,41.6202],[-87.3003,41.6202],[-87.296,41.6198],[-87.2831,41.6203],[-87.2702,41.6208],[-87.2223,41.6248]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Lake\",\"state\":\"IN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9d21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greeman, Theodore K.","contributorId":30655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greeman","given":"Theodore","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29174,"text":"wri954205 - 1995 - Processes controlling dissolved oxygen and pH in the upper Willamette River basin, Oregon, 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T08:35:34","indexId":"wri954205","displayToPublicDate":"1996-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4205","title":"Processes controlling dissolved oxygen and pH in the upper Willamette River basin, Oregon, 1994","docAbstract":"<p>In July and August of 1994, the U. S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (ODEQ) collected data to document the spatial extent and diel variability of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations and pH levels in selected reaches of streams in the upper Willamette River Basin. These data were also collected to identify primary factors that control DO concentrations downstream from major point sources as well as to provide ODEQ with data to refine calibration of their steady-state DO and nutrient models for the upper Willamette River Basin. All of the reaches studied had diel variations in DO and pH. The magnitude of the diel variations in DO ranged from 0.2 to 3.9 milligrams per liter (7 to 50 percent-saturation units based on ambient water temperature and barometric pressure) and in pH from 0.3 to 1.4 units. However, of the reaches studied, only the Coast Fork Willamette River from river mile (RM) 21.7 to 12.5 and the Willamette River from RM 151 to 141.6 had field measured violations of State standards for DO and pH. DO concentration and pH in water depend on many factors. Data were collected to examine several major factors, including BOD (biochemical oxygen demand), carbonaceous BOD, nitrogenous BOD, and measures of photosynthetic activity. Of the four study reaches, only a short stretch of the Coast Fork Willamette River has potential for important levels of oxygen consumption from BOD or nitrification. Additionally, water-column primary-productivity measurements indicated that respiration and photosynthesis by free-floating algae did not explain the observed diel variations in DO in the study reaches. Results from a simple mathematical model incorporating measures of community respiration and net primary productivities indicated that periphyton are capable of producing a diel variation of the order of magnitude observed during the August study period. In the Willamette River near Peoria, the combined periphyton DO consumption and production estimate at RM 151 (2.4 mg/L) and RM 144.6 (1.7 mg/L) would account for 90 and 63 percent, respectively, of the observed diel fluctuation. The estimates for the Corvallis reach at RM 132.6 (0.4 mg/L) and RM 130.7 (2.9 mg/L) had a considerably larger range of 36 to 264 percent of DO saturation, respectively. Therefore, because BOD and phytoplankton do not appear to be important contributors to diel DO fluctuations, periphyton are likely the primary contributor to diel fluctuations in the upper Willamette River Basin during July and August.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","doi":"10.3133/wri954205","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Oregon Department of Environmental Quality and Willamette River Technical Advisory Steering Committee","usgsCitation":"Pogue, T.R., and Anderson, C., 1995, Processes controlling dissolved oxygen and pH in the upper Willamette River basin, Oregon, 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4205, iv, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954205.","productDescription":"iv, 71 p.","numberOfPages":"77","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1994-01-01","temporalEnd":"1994-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":58047,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4205/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159368,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4205/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Willamette River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.914794921875,\n              42.85985981506279\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.914794921875,\n              45.62172169252446\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.025390625,\n              45.62172169252446\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.025390625,\n              42.85985981506279\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.914794921875,\n              42.85985981506279\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e508","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pogue, Ted R. Jr.","contributorId":13998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pogue","given":"Ted","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Chauncey W. 0000-0002-1016-3781 chauncey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1016-3781","contributorId":1151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Chauncey W.","email":"chauncey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":201083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26165,"text":"wri954234 - 1995 - Streamflow, ground-water recharge and discharge, and characteristics of surficial deposits in Buzzards Bay basin, southeastern Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:31","indexId":"wri954234","displayToPublicDate":"1996-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4234","title":"Streamflow, ground-water recharge and discharge, and characteristics of surficial deposits in Buzzards Bay basin, southeastern Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Streamflows exceeded between 50 and 99 percent of the time during water years 1967-91 were estimated for 14 low-flow partial-record stations and two discontinued streamflow-gaging stations in Buzzards Bay Basin, Massachusetts. At low flows, stream discharge per unit area for subbasins underlain primarily by stratified-drift deposits was several times greater than for subbasins underlain primarily by till and bedrock deposits. Streamflow measured three times at the Paskamanset River showed that streamflows downstream of municipal pumping wells were affected by ground-water pumpage near the river. Mean ground-water recharge rates were estimated to be 19.7 to 22.6 and 23.8 to 25.2 inches per year for basins underlain primarily by till and bedrock deposits and stratified drift deposits, respectively. Annual ground-water recharge during drought years can be less than one-half of the mean ground-water recharge rate for water years 1967-91. Ground-water discharge rates generally were estimated to be 1 to 4 inches per year less than ground-water recharge rates. Thus, ground-water discharge rates could be used as a low estimate of ground-water recharge rates. From the 50 to 99 percent flow duration, ground-water discharges averaged 85.7 percent of the total streamflow at six nearby streamflow-gaging stations. Ground-water discharges were estimated at the 16 stations in the basin by multiplying estimated streamflows at the selected flow durations from 50- to 99-percent for water years 1967-91 by 85.7 percent. Based on new well-log and seismic-refraction survey data, a few minor corrections were determined in existing saturated thickness maps for stratified-drift deposits in basin.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri954234","usgsCitation":"Bent, G.C., 1995, Streamflow, ground-water recharge and discharge, and characteristics of surficial deposits in Buzzards Bay basin, southeastern Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4234, v, 56 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954234.","productDescription":"v, 56 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2085,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri954234","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":123928,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_95_4234.gif"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6abac6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bent, Gardner C. 0000-0002-5085-3146 gbent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5085-3146","contributorId":1864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bent","given":"Gardner","email":"gbent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":195925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":25945,"text":"wri954180 - 1995 - Evaluation of ground-water resources From available data, 1992, East Molokai Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-13T21:44:17.179935","indexId":"wri954180","displayToPublicDate":"1996-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4180","title":"Evaluation of ground-water resources From available data, 1992, East Molokai Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Available ground-water data for East Molokai Volcano consist of well-construction information and records of ground-water pumpage, water levels, and chloride concentrations. Ground-water pumpage records are available for ten wells. Seventeen long-term (10 years or more) records of water-level and/or chloride concentration are available for eleven wells; however, only seven of these records are for observation wells. None of the available data show significant long-term changes in water level or chloride concentration; however, short-term changes due to variations in the quantity of water pumped, and rainfall are evident.\r\n\r\nEvaluation of the historical distribution and rates of ground-water pumpage, and variations in water levels and chloride concentrations is constrained by the scanty distribution of spatial and temporal data. Data show a range in water levels from greater than 850 feet above mean sea level in wells located in the windward valley of Waikolu to about 10 feet in wells located east of Kualapuu to 1 to 5 feet in the wells located along the south shore of East Molokai Volcano. An accurate contour map of water levels and chloride concentrations at the surface of the basal-water body cannot be constructed for any time period. Because water-level and chloride data are not collected at regular time intervals, many long-term records are incomplete. Information on the variation in chloride concentration with depth through the freshwater part of the basal-water body and into the zone of transition between freshwater and saltwater does not exist.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954180","usgsCitation":"Anthony, S., 1995, Evaluation of ground-water resources From available data, 1992, East Molokai Volcano, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4180, iii, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954180.","productDescription":"iii, 32 p.","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":411926,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48271.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":54699,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4180/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123846,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4180/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"East Molokai Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.7968576402636,\n              21.17324374217698\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.98726313422551,\n              21.17324374217698\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.98726313422551,\n              21.059916232762532\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.7968576402636,\n              21.059916232762532\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.7968576402636,\n              21.17324374217698\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cbe4b07f02db543b21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anthony, Stephen S. santhony@usgs.gov","contributorId":2507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"Stephen S.","email":"santhony@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":195525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26008,"text":"wri924192 - 1995 - Geohydrology and water quality of stratified-drift aquifers in the middle Merrimack River basin, south-central New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:24","indexId":"wri924192","displayToPublicDate":"1996-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4192","title":"Geohydrology and water quality of stratified-drift aquifers in the middle Merrimack River basin, south-central New Hampshire","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the State of New Hampshire, Department of Environmental Services, Water Resources Division has assessed the geohydrology and water quality of stratified-drift aquifers in the middle Merrimack River basin in south-central New Hampshire. The middle Merrimack River basin drains 469 square miles; 98 square miles is underlain by stratified-drift aquifers. Saturated thickness of stratified drift within the study area is generally less than 40 feet but locally greater than 100 feet. Transmissivity of stratified-drift aquifers is generally less than 2,000 feet squared per day but locally exceeds 6, 000 feet squared per day. At present (1990), ground-water withdrawals from stratified drift for public supply are about 0.4 million gallons per day within the basin. Many of the stratified-drift aquifers within the study area are not developed to their fullest potential. The geohydrology of stratified-drift aquifers was investigated by focusing on basic aquifer properties, including aquifer boundaries; recharge, discharge, and direction of ground-water flow; saturated thickness and storage; and transmissivity. Surficial geologic mapping assisted in the determination of aquifer boundaries. Data from 757 wells and test borings were used to produce maps of water-table altitude, saturated thickness, and transmissivity of stratified drift. More than 10 miles of seismic-refraction profiling and 14 miles of seismic-reflection profiling were also used to construct the water table and saturated-thickness maps. Stratified-drift aquifers in the southern, western, and central parts of the study area are typically small and discontinuous, whereas aquifers in the eastern part along the Merrimack River valley are continuous. The Merrimack River valley aquifers formed in glacial Lakes Merrimack and Hooksett. Many other smaller discontinuous aquifers formed in small temporary ponds during deglaciation. A stratified-drift aquifer in Goffstown was analyzed for aquifer yield by use of a two-dimensional, finite-difference ground-water-flow model. Yield of the Goffstown aquifer was estimated to be 2.5 million gallons per day. Sensitivity analysis showed that the estimate of aquifer yield was most sensitive to changes in hydraulic conductivity. The amount of water induced into the aquifer from the Piscataquog River was most affected by changes in estimates of streambed conductance. Results of analysis of water samples from 10 test wells indicate that, with some exceptions, water in the stratified-drift aquifers generally meets U.S. Environmental Protection Agency primary and secondary drinking-water regulations. Water from two wells had elevated sodium concentrations, waterfront two wells had elevated concentrations of dissolved iron, and waterfront seven wells had elevated concentrations of manganese. Known areas of contamination were avoided during water-quality sampling.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri924192","usgsCitation":"Ayotte, J., and Toppin, K.W., 1995, Geohydrology and water quality of stratified-drift aquifers in the middle Merrimack River basin, south-central New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4192, 1 v. (various pagings) :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm.;  PGS - 149 p., 4 over-size sheets, scale 1:24,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924192.","productDescription":"1 v. (various pagings) :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm.;  PGS - 149 p., 4 over-size sheets, scale 1:24,000","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2007,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri924192/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":123655,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_92_4192.jpg"},{"id":54767,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4192/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54768,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4192/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54769,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4192/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54770,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4192/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54771,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4192/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54772,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4192/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54773,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4192/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54774,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4192/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8b8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ayotte, Joseph D. jayotte@usgs.gov","contributorId":1802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayotte","given":"Joseph D.","email":"jayotte@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":195634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Toppin, Kenneth W. ktoppin@usgs.gov","contributorId":3753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toppin","given":"Kenneth","email":"ktoppin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":195635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27074,"text":"wri954067 - 1995 - Water-quality conditions at selected landfills in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, 1986-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-27T11:26:35","indexId":"wri954067","displayToPublicDate":"1996-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4067","title":"Water-quality conditions at selected landfills in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, 1986-92","docAbstract":"Water-quality conditions at five municipal landfills in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, were studied during 1986-92. Analytical results of water samples from monitoring wells and streams at and near the landfills were used to evaluate effects of leachate on surface and ground water. Ground-water levels at monitoring wells were used to determine directions of ground-water flow at the landfills. Data from previous studies were used for analysis of temporal trends in selected water-quality properties and chemical constituents.\r\n\r\nEffects of leachate, such as large biochemical- and chemical-oxygen demands, generally were evident in small streams originating within the landfills, whereas effects of leachate generally were not evident in most of the larger streams. In larger streams, surface-water quality upstream and downstream from most of the landfills was similar. However, the chemical quality of water in Irwin Creek appears to have been affected by the Statesville Road landfill. Concentrations of several constituents indicative of leachate were larger in samples collected from Irwin Creek downstream from the Statesville Road landfill than in samples collected from Irwin Creek upstream from the landfill.\r\n\r\nThe effect of leachate on ground-water quality generally was largest in water from wells adjacent to waste-disposal cells. Concentrations of most constituents considered indicative of leachate generally were smaller with increasing distance from waste-disposal cells. Water samples from offsite wells generally indicated no effect or very small effects of leachate.\r\n\r\nAction levels designated by the Mecklenburg County Engineering Department and maximum contaminant levels established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency were exceeded in some samples from the landfills. Ground-water samples exceeded action levels and maximum contaminant levels more commonly than surface-water samples. Iron and manganese were the constituents that most commonly exceeded action levels in water samples from the landfills.\r\n\r\nSynthetic organic compounds were detected more commonly and in larger concentrations in ground-water samples than in surface-water samples. Concentrations of synthetic organic compounds detected in water samples from monitoring sites at the landfills generally were much less than maximum contaminant levels. However, concentrations of some chlorinated organic compounds exceeded maximum contaminant levels in samples from several monitoring wells at the Harrisburg Road and York Road landfills.\r\n\r\nTrend analysis indicated statistically significant temporal changes in concentrations of selected water-quality constituents and properties at some of the monitoring sites. Trends detected for the Holbrooks Road and Statesville Road landfills generally indicated an improvement in water quality and a decrease in effects of leachate at most monitoring sites at these landfills from 1979 to 1992. Water-quality trends detected for monitoring sites at the Harrisburg Road and York Road landfills, the largest landfills in the study, differed in magnitude and direction. Upward trends generally were detected for sites near recently closed waste-disposal cells, whereas downward trends generally were detected for sites near older waste-disposal cells. Temporal trends in water quality generally reflected changes in degradation processes associated with the aging of landfill wastes.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri954067","usgsCitation":"Ferrell, G., and Smith, D., 1995, Water-quality conditions at selected landfills in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, 1986-92: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4067, vi, 112 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954067.","productDescription":"vi, 112 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158688,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4067/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55944,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4067/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","county":"Mecklenburg County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-80.7823,35.5113],[-80.7867,35.5031],[-80.7889,35.4949],[-80.7831,35.4836],[-80.7819,35.475],[-80.7779,35.4668],[-80.7778,35.4614],[-80.7744,35.4578],[-80.7549,35.423],[-80.7525,35.4148],[-80.7553,35.4125],[-80.7638,35.4134],[-80.7693,35.402],[-80.7551,35.3944],[-80.7364,35.3786],[-80.7187,35.3624],[-80.704,35.3552],[-80.6983,35.3507],[-80.6822,35.3131],[-80.6677,35.2705],[-80.6214,35.2499],[-80.5954,35.2369],[-80.5485,35.2108],[-80.6245,35.1487],[-80.7328,35.0627],[-80.7645,35.0375],[-80.7684,35.0348],[-80.7746,35.0329],[-80.7858,35.0315],[-80.7892,35.0314],[-80.8009,35.0286],[-80.8155,35.0204],[-80.8194,35.019],[-80.8216,35.018],[-80.8216,35.0167],[-80.8288,35.0098],[-80.835,35.0061],[-80.8405,35.0016],[-80.8604,35.0246],[-80.8854,35.0535],[-80.9016,35.0716],[-80.9312,35.1049],[-80.9373,35.1018],[-81.0383,35.0452],[-81.0419,35.0432],[-81.0447,35.0468],[-81.0464,35.0482],[-81.0483,35.0507],[-81.0503,35.0527],[-81.0528,35.0557],[-81.0548,35.0582],[-81.0568,35.0611],[-81.0577,35.0636],[-81.0586,35.067],[-81.0582,35.0722],[-81.0577,35.0788],[-81.0566,35.0834],[-81.0554,35.0868],[-81.0541,35.0904],[-81.0533,35.0927],[-81.0523,35.0956],[-81.0503,35.0975],[-81.0487,35.099],[-81.0462,35.1003],[-81.0437,35.1014],[-81.042,35.1022],[-81.0391,35.1027],[-81.0369,35.1036],[-81.0352,35.1054],[-81.0344,35.1072],[-81.0341,35.1095],[-81.0341,35.1136],[-81.0358,35.1186],[-81.0363,35.1213],[-81.038,35.124],[-81.0408,35.1267],[-81.0425,35.1281],[-81.0454,35.1289],[-81.0476,35.1295],[-81.0499,35.1302],[-81.051,35.1313],[-81.0521,35.1335],[-81.0523,35.1365],[-81.0517,35.1392],[-81.0501,35.142],[-81.0476,35.1463],[-81.0448,35.1494],[-81.0238,35.1486],[-81.0176,35.1536],[-81.0109,35.1532],[-81.0076,35.1569],[-81.0088,35.165],[-81.0049,35.1728],[-81.0045,35.1814],[-81.0046,35.1864],[-81.0063,35.1923],[-81.0064,35.1973],[-81.0054,35.2055],[-81.0071,35.2109],[-81.0129,35.2231],[-81.0113,35.2309],[-81.012,35.2349],[-81.0082,35.2509],[-81.0139,35.2585],[-81.0152,35.2685],[-81.0143,35.2876],[-81.0133,35.293],[-81.0105,35.2944],[-81.0033,35.3017],[-81.0022,35.3045],[-80.9961,35.3113],[-80.9938,35.3132],[-80.9894,35.3205],[-80.9844,35.3237],[-80.9805,35.3287],[-80.9823,35.3341],[-80.984,35.3373],[-80.9818,35.3446],[-80.9706,35.3501],[-80.9656,35.3506],[-80.9593,35.3489],[-80.9537,35.3521],[-80.9442,35.3521],[-80.9374,35.3572],[-80.9285,35.3614],[-80.9268,35.3627],[-80.9296,35.3636],[-80.9432,35.3658],[-80.9505,35.3675],[-80.9563,35.3738],[-80.9597,35.3756],[-80.9625,35.3756],[-80.9647,35.3738],[-80.9669,35.3688],[-80.9697,35.3669],[-80.9742,35.3642],[-80.9776,35.3646],[-80.9844,35.3695],[-80.9868,35.38],[-80.9846,35.3822],[-80.9806,35.3823],[-80.9761,35.3828],[-80.9632,35.3901],[-80.9554,35.3925],[-80.9549,35.4006],[-80.959,35.4133],[-80.9569,35.4288],[-80.9587,35.436],[-80.9527,35.446],[-80.9465,35.4524],[-80.9421,35.457],[-80.9432,35.4602],[-80.9506,35.4656],[-80.9518,35.4701],[-80.948,35.481],[-80.947,35.486],[-80.951,35.4942],[-80.9612,35.4986],[-80.9664,35.509],[-80.9637,35.5131],[-80.9586,35.5163],[-80.9569,35.5177],[-80.7823,35.5113]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Mecklenburg\",\"state\":\"NC\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db6879ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferrell, G.M.","contributorId":92681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrell","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D.G.","contributorId":49393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27608,"text":"wri954098 - 1995 - Water-quality characteristics of selected public recreational lakes and ponds in Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:42","indexId":"wri954098","displayToPublicDate":"1996-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4098","title":"Water-quality characteristics of selected public recreational lakes and ponds in Connecticut","docAbstract":"Reconnaissance limnological and lakebed-sediment surveys were conducted in Connecticut during 1989-91 by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protec- tion, to evaluate water-quality characteristics of selected public recreational lakes and ponds in the State. Limnological surveys were conducted on 49 lakes and ponds selected from a list of 105 publicly owned waterbodies that qualified for water- quality assessments under Section 314 of the Federal Clean Water Act. Lakebed-sediment surveys were conducted in 9 river impoundments and 1 riverine lake below industrial areas and 2 headwater lakes in relatively pristine areas. The limnological surveys consisted of two sampling events--during spring turnover and during the summer stratifi- cation. Each sampling event included depth profiles of water temperature, specific conductance, hydrogen-ion activity, and dissolved oxygen concen- trations; measurements of Secchi disc transparency; and the collection of samples for the analyses of alkalinity, chlorophyll, phosphorus, and nitrogen concentrations. Areal extent and population density of the dominant aquatic macrophytes were qualita- tively noted during the summer sampling event. These water-quality data were used to determine the trophic classification and acidification status of the 49 lakes. The trophic classification yielded the following results: 2 oligotrophic, 8 early mesotrophic, 13 mesotrophic, 5 late mesotrophic, 10 eutrophic, and 11 highly eutrophic lakes. In terms of acidification status, 7 lakes were classified as acid threatened and 42 as not threatened. A Wilcoxon two-tailed signed rank test was used to compare data for 13 lakes and ponds from the present survey with data from the 1973-75 or 1978-79 surveys conducted by the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station and Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection. The test showed no significant difference at the 90 percent confidence level for spring nitrogen and summer chlorophyll-a concen- trations, a significant increase at the 90 percent confidence level in summer phosphorus concentra- tions, and a significant decrease at the 95 percent confidence level in summer transparency. For the lakebed-sediment surveys, composite-grab samples were collected from the deepest part of each lake. Samples were analyzed for arsenic, cyanide, organic and inorganic carbon, selected metals, and methylene-extractable, synthetic organic compounds classified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as semi-volatile priority pollutants. Hanover Pond, Eagleville Lake, and West Thompson Lake had three of the four highest concentrations of cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, zinc, and cyanide. The four lakes with the highest concentrations of arsenic (Aspinook Pond, Fitchville Pond, Mashapaug Pond, and West Thompson Lake) are located in the eastern part of Connecticut. The three samples with the highest mercury concentrations were from Lake Lillinonah and Lake Zoar. There appears to be a positive correlation between the concentrations of cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, zinc, and cyanide. Only 15 of the 54 synthetic organic compounds analyzed for were detected in 9 of the 12 lakes sampled. Of these 15 compounds, 14 are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and the 15th is a phthalate ester. Hanover Pond had the most compounds detected (9), and phenanthrene was the compound detected in the most lakes (8).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri954098","usgsCitation":"Healy, D.F., and Kulp, K., 1995, Water-quality characteristics of selected public recreational lakes and ponds in Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4098, ix, 277 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954098.","productDescription":"ix, 277 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159026,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4098/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56474,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4098/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fafec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Healy, D. F.","contributorId":97120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kulp, K.P.","contributorId":49791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulp","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29861,"text":"wri954206 - 1995 - Numerical Simulation of Regional Changes in Ground-Water Levels and in the Freshwater-Saltwater Interface Induced by Increased Pumpage at Barbers Point Shaft, Oahu, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:15","indexId":"wri954206","displayToPublicDate":"1996-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4206","title":"Numerical Simulation of Regional Changes in Ground-Water Levels and in the Freshwater-Saltwater Interface Induced by Increased Pumpage at Barbers Point Shaft, Oahu, Hawaii","docAbstract":"The effect on the regional ground-water system of southern Oahu from increased pumpage at Barbers Point shaft was estimated by a numerical ground-water model developed for the Oahu Regional Aquifer Systems Analysis (RASA) study. The RASA model was updated by revising pumping and ground-water recharge data. Pumpage data used in the new simulations were based on the allocated pumping rates for 1995 as set by the State Commission on Water Resource Management. On the basis of numerical simulation, Barbers Point shaft can sustain a withdrawal rate of 4.34 million gallons per day without adversely affecting wells in the Waianae aquifer.\r\n\r\nFrom results of numerical simulations, it is estimated that, as a result of increasing pumpage in Barbers Point shaft by 2 million gallons per day above the 1995-allocated rate of 2.337 million gallons per day, regional declines in ground-water levels will be about 0.4 to 0.7 feet throughout the Waianae aquifer and about 0.8 ft at the shaft. The corresponding rise of the freshwater-saltwater interface, as a result of declines in ground-water levels, is estimated to be about 20 to 30 feet. Numerical simulation also indicates that changes in ground-water levels greater than about 0.1 feet do not extend across either the Waianae-Koolau unconformity or the south Schofield barrier.\r\n\r\nThe model-estimated position of the freshwater-saltwater interface, as a result of additional pumpage, ranges from 500 to 860 feet below sea level in the southern and northern parts of the aquifer, respectively, and about 540 feet below sea level at the shaft. On the basis of an estimate of the thickness of the transition-zone, the freshwater lens would remain about 240 feet thick below the shaft. In addition, the estimated declines in ground-water levels throughout the aquifer are small compared with the thickness of the freshwater lens and these declines would not be expected to affect the yields of other wells in terms of quantity.\r\n\r\nChloride concentrations in the water pumped at Barbers Point shaft were about 240 milligrams per liter in 1992. The estimated background chloride concentration is 200 to 220 milligrams per liter because of low rainfall and the contamination of recharge water from natural salt accumulation in the soil. A reduction in irrigation through 1995 is expected to reduce recharge to the aquifer from irrigation-return water and chloride concentrations associated with the irrigation water throughout the Waianae aquifer. As a result of these combined effects, chloride concentrations of water pumped from the Barbers Point shaft will likely decrease, although the length of time required for this lowering is unknown.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wri954206","usgsCitation":"Souza, W.R., and Meyer, W., 1995, Numerical Simulation of Regional Changes in Ground-Water Levels and in the Freshwater-Saltwater Interface Induced by Increased Pumpage at Barbers Point Shaft, Oahu, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4206, iv, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954206.","productDescription":"iv, 47 p.","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123829,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4206/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58672,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4206/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696893","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Souza, William R.","contributorId":90295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Souza","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyer, William","contributorId":87538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}