{"pageNumber":"1317","pageRowStart":"32900","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184769,"records":[{"id":70174179,"text":"70174179 - 2014 - Contaminants of legacy and emerging concern in largescale suckers (Catostomus macrocheilus) and the foodweb in the lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-14T16:07:58","indexId":"70174179","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contaminants of legacy and emerging concern in largescale suckers (Catostomus macrocheilus) and the foodweb in the lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, USA","docAbstract":"

We investigated occurrence, transport pathways, and effects of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants and other endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in aquatic media and the foodweb in the lower Columbia River. In 2009 and 2010, foodweb sampling at three sites along a gradient of contaminant exposure near Skamania (Washington), Columbia City (Oregon) and Longview (Washington) included water (via passive samplers), bed sediment, invertebrate biomass residing in sediment, a resident fish species (largescale suckers [Catostomus macrocheilus]), and eggs from osprey (Pandion haliaetus). This paper primarily reports fish tissue concentrations. In 2009, composites of fish brain, fillet, liver, stomach, and gonad tissues revealed that overall contaminant concentrations were highest in livers, followed by brain, stomach, gonad, and fillet. Concentrations of halogenated compounds in tissue samples from all three sites ranged from < 1 to 400 nanograms per gram of wet tissue. Several chemical classes, including PBDEs, organochlorine pesticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), were detected at all sites and in nearly all fish tissues sampled. In 2010, only fish livers were sampled and inter-site concentration differences were not as pronounced as in 2009. Chemical concentrations in sediments, fish tissues, and osprey eggs increased moving downstream from Skamania to the urbanized sites near Columbia City and Longview. Numerous organochlorine (OC) pesticides, both banned and currently used, and PBDEs, were present at each site in multiple media and concentrations exceeded environmental quality benchmarks in some cases. Frequently detected OC compounds included hexachlorobenzene, pentachloroanisole, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its degradates, chlorpyrifos, and oxyfluorofen. Biomagnification of BDE47, 100, 153, and 154 occurred in largescale suckers and osprey eggs. Results support the hypothesis that contaminants in the environment lead to bioaccumulation and potential negative effects in multiple levels of the foodweb.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.04.012","usgsCitation":"Nilsen, E.B., Zaugg, S.D., Alvarez, D.A., Morace, J.L., Waite, I.R., Counihan, T.D., Hardiman, J.M., Torres, L., Patino, R., Mesa, M.G., and Grove, R., 2014, Contaminants of legacy and emerging concern in largescale suckers (Catostomus macrocheilus) and the foodweb in the lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, USA: Science of the Total Environment, v. 484, p. 344-352, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.04.012.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"344","endPage":"352","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044063","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472527,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7g9936pw","text":"External 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enilsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0104-6321","contributorId":923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nilsen","given":"Elena","email":"enilsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zaugg, Steven D. sdzaugg@usgs.gov","contributorId":768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaugg","given":"Steven","email":"sdzaugg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":641085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alvarez, David A. 0000-0002-6918-2709 dalvarez@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6918-2709","contributorId":1369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"David","email":"dalvarez@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research 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0000-0003-4967-6514 tcounihan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4967-6514","contributorId":4211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Counihan","given":"Timothy","email":"tcounihan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hardiman, Jill M. 0000-0002-3661-9695 jhardiman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3661-9695","contributorId":2672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardiman","given":"Jill","email":"jhardiman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Torres, Leticia","contributorId":143738,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Torres","given":"Leticia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Patino, Reynaldo 0000-0002-4831-8400 r.patino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4831-8400","contributorId":2311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patino","given":"Reynaldo","email":"r.patino@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Mesa, Matthew G. mmesa@usgs.gov","contributorId":3423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mesa","given":"Matthew","email":"mmesa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Grove, Robert","contributorId":172512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70192550,"text":"70192550 - 2014 - Factors affecting fat content in mottled ducks on the Upper Texas Gulf Coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-26T11:26:15","indexId":"70192550","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3909,"text":"Journal of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors affecting fat content in mottled ducks on the Upper Texas Gulf Coast","docAbstract":"

Body condition, or an individual's ability to address metabolic needs, is an important measure of organism health. For waterfowl, body condition, usually some measure of fat, provides a useful proxy for assessing energy budgets during different life history periods and potentially is a measure of response to ecosystem changes. The mottled duck (Anas fulvigula) is relatively poorly studied in respect to these dynamics and presents a unique case because its non-migratory life-history strategy releases it from metabolic costs experienced by many related migratory waterfowl species. Additionally, as a species in decline and of conservation concern in many parts of its range, traditional methods of fat content estimation that involve destructive sampling are less viable. The goal of this study was to produce an equation for estimating fat content in mottled ducks using birds (n = 24) donated at hunter-check stations or collected by law enforcement efforts on the Texas Chenier Plain National Wildlife Refuge Complex from 2005 - 2007. Morphometric measurements were taken, and ether extraction and fat removal was used to estimate percent body fat content and abdominal fat mass, respectively. A hierarchical simple linear regression modeling approach was used to determine external morphometrics that best predicted abdominal fat content. A ratio model based on body mass and a length metric (keel and wing chord length possessed equal model support) provided the best relationship with abdominal fat in sampled individuals. We then applied the regression equation to historical check station data to examine fluctuations in fat content over time; fat content or condition varied relatively little with the exception of years characterized by major disturbances. The mottled duck condition model created here can be used to better monitor population status and health without destructively sampling individuals.

","language":"English","publisher":"Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","usgsCitation":"Kearns, B., Haukos, D.A., Walther, P., and Conway, W.C., 2014, Factors affecting fat content in mottled ducks on the Upper Texas Gulf Coast: Journal of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, v. 2015, p. 274-280.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"274","endPage":"280","ipdsId":"IP-057821","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347449,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2015","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07ece2e4b09af898c8cd2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kearns, Brian","contributorId":198470,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kearns","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haukos, David A. 0000-0001-5372-9960 dhaukos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5372-9960","contributorId":3664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haukos","given":"David","email":"dhaukos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walther, Patrick","contributorId":42153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walther","given":"Patrick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Conway, Warren C.","contributorId":51550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"Warren","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70170254,"text":"70170254 - 2014 - A depth-averaged debris-flow model that includes the effects of evolving dilatancy: II. Numerical predictions and experimental tests.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T08:02:34","indexId":"70170254","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3878,"text":"Proceedings of the Royal Society A","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A depth-averaged debris-flow model that includes the effects of evolving dilatancy: II. Numerical predictions and experimental tests.","docAbstract":"

We evaluate a new depth-averaged mathematical model that is designed to simulate all stages of debris-flow motion, from initiation to deposition. A companion paper shows how the model’s five governing equations describe simultaneous evolution of flow thickness, solid volume fraction, basal pore-fluid pressure, and two components of flow momentum. Each equation contains a source term that represents the influence of state-dependent granular dilatancy. Here we recapitulate the equations and analyze their eigenstructure to show that they form a hyperbolic system with desirable stability properties. To solve the equations we use a shock-capturing numerical scheme with adaptive mesh refinement, implemented in an open-source software package we call D-Claw. As tests of D-Claw, we compare model output with results from two sets of large-scale debris-flow experiments. One set focuses on flow initiation from landslides triggered by rising pore-water pressures, and the other focuses on downstream flow dynamics, runout, and deposition. D-Claw performs well in predicting evolution of flow speeds, thicknesses, and basal pore-fluid pressures measured in each type of experiment. Computational results illustrate the critical role of dilatancy in linking coevolution of the solid volume fraction and pore-fluid pressure, which mediates basal Coulomb friction and thereby regulates debris-flow dynamics.

","language":"English","publisher":"The Royal Society","publisherLocation":"London, England","doi":"10.1098/rspa.2013.0820","usgsCitation":"George, D.L., and Iverson, R.M., 2014, A depth-averaged debris-flow model that includes the effects of evolving dilatancy: II. Numerical predictions and experimental tests.: Proceedings of the Royal Society A, v. 470, no. 2170, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2013.0820.","productDescription":"31 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053085","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472543,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2013.0820","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":320034,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"470","issue":"2170","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"570f6dabe4b0ef3b7ca3566a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"George, David L. 0000-0002-5726-0255 dgeorge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5726-0255","contributorId":3120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"David","email":"dgeorge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iverson, Richard M. 0000-0002-7369-3819 riverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"riverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70168484,"text":"70168484 - 2014 - A multi-indicator framework for mapping cultural ecosystem services: The case of freshwater recreational fishing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-17T10:14:18","indexId":"70168484","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multi-indicator framework for mapping cultural ecosystem services: The case of freshwater recreational fishing","docAbstract":"

Despite recent interest, ecosystem services are not yet fully incorporated into private and public decisions about natural resource management. Cultural ecosystem services (CES) are among the most challenging of services to include because they comprise complex ecological and social properties and processes that make them difficult to measure, map or monetize. Like others, CES are vulnerable to landscape changes and unsustainable use. To date, the sustainability of services has not been adequately addressed and few studies have considered measures of service capacity and demand simultaneously. To facilitate sustainability assessments and management of CES, our study objectives were to (1) develop a spatially explicit framework for mapping the capacity of ecosystems to provide freshwater recreational fishing, an important cultural service, (2) map societal demand for freshwater recreational fishing based on license data and identify areas of potential overuse, and (3) demonstrate how maps of relative capacity and relative demand could be interfaced to estimate sustainability of a CES. We mapped freshwater recreational fishing capacity at the 12-digit hydrologic unit-scale in North Carolina and Virginia using a multi-indicator service framework incorporating biophysical and social landscape metrics and mapped demand based on fishing license data. Mapping of capacity revealed a gradual decrease in capacity eastward from the mountains to the coastal plain and that fishing demand was greatest in urban areas. When comparing standardized relative measures of capacity and demand for freshwater recreational fishing, we found that ranks of capacity exceeded ranks of demand in most hydrologic units, except in 17% of North Carolina and 5% of Virginia. Our GIS-based approach to view freshwater recreational fishing through an ecosystem service lens will enable scientists and managers to examine (1) biophysical and social factors that foster or diminish cultural ecosystem services delivery, (2) demand for cultural ecosystem services relative to their capacity, and (3) ecological pressures like potential overuse that affect service sustainability. Ultimately, we expect such analyses to inform decision-making for freshwater recreational fisheries and other cultural ecosystem services.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.04.001","usgsCitation":"Villamagna, A., Mogollon, B., and Angermeier, P.L., 2014, A multi-indicator framework for mapping cultural ecosystem services: The case of freshwater recreational fishing: Ecological Indicators, v. 45, p. 255-265, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.04.001.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"255","endPage":"265","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049121","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318108,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c5a7bce4b0946c6522500a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Villamagna, Amy M.","contributorId":166683,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Villamagna","given":"Amy M.","affiliations":[{"id":35056,"text":"Plymouth State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mogollon, Beatriz","contributorId":166682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mogollon","given":"Beatriz","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35590,"text":"USAID/USFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Angermeier, Paul L. 0000-0003-2864-170X biota@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-170X","contributorId":166679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"Paul","email":"biota@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70168667,"text":"70168667 - 2014 - Disturbance to desert soil ecosystems contributes to dust-mediated impacts at regional scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-24T14:09:19","indexId":"70168667","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1006,"text":"Biodiversity and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Disturbance to desert soil ecosystems contributes to dust-mediated impacts at regional scales","docAbstract":"

This review considers the regional scale of impacts arising from disturbance to desert soil ecosystems. Deserts occupy over one-third of the Earth’s terrestrial surface, and biological soil covers are critical to stabilization of desert soils. Disturbance to these can contribute to massive destabilization and mobilization of dust. This results in dust storms that are transported across inter-continental distances where they have profound negative impacts. Dust deposition at high altitudes causes radiative forcing of snowpack that leads directly to altered hydrological regimes and changes to freshwater biogeochemistry. In marine environments dust deposition impacts phytoplankton diazotrophy, and causes coral reef senescence. Increasingly dust is also recognized as a threat to human health.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10531-014-0690-x","usgsCitation":"Pointing, S.B., and Belnap, J., 2014, Disturbance to desert soil ecosystems contributes to dust-mediated impacts at regional scales: Biodiversity and Conservation, v. 23, no. 7, p. 1659-1667, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-014-0690-x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1659","endPage":"1667","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068093","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318365,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56cee25ee4b015c306ec5eaf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pointing, Stephen B.","contributorId":8347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pointing","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":621215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70148011,"text":"70148011 - 2014 - Satellite tracking of the migration of Whooper Swans Cygnus cygnus wintering in Japan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-14T13:51:06","indexId":"70148011","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3889,"text":"Ornithological Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Satellite tracking of the migration of Whooper Swans Cygnus cygnus wintering in Japan","docAbstract":"

We satellite-tracked Whooper Swans Cygnus cygnus wintering in northern Japan to document their migration routes and timing, and to identify breeding areas. From 47 swans that we marked at Lake Izunuma-Uchinuma, Miyagi Prefecture, northeast Honshu, and at Lake Kussharo, east Hokkaido, we observed 57 spring and 33 autumn migrations from 2009-2012. In spring, swans migrated north along Sakhalin Island from eastern Hokkaido using stopovers in Sakhalin, at the mouth of the Amur River and in northern coastal areas of the Sea of Okhotsk. They ultimately reached molting/breedmg areas along the Indigirka River and the lower Kolyma River in northern Russia. In autumn, the swans basically reversed the spring migration routes. We identified northern Honshu, eastern Hokkaido, coastal areas in Sakhalin, the lower Amur River and northern coastal areas of the Sea of Okhotsk as the most frequent stopover sites, and the middle reaches of the Indigirka and the lower Kolyma River as presumed breeding sites. Our results are helpful in understanding the distribution of the breeding and stopover sites of Whooper Swans wintering in Japan and in identifying their major migration habitats. Our findings contribute to understanding the potential transmission process of avian influenza viruses potentially carried by swans, and provide information necessary to conserve Whooper Swans in East Asia.

","language":"English","publisher":"Ornithological Society of Japan","publisherLocation":"Tokyo, Japan","doi":"10.2326/osj.13.67","usgsCitation":"Shimada, T., Yamaguchi, N.M., Hijikata, N., Hiraoka, E.N., Hupp, J.W., Flint, P.L., Tokita, K., Fujita, G., Uchida, K., Sato, F., Kurechi, M., Pearce, J.M., Ramey, A.M., and Higuchi, H., 2014, Satellite tracking of the migration of Whooper Swans Cygnus cygnus wintering in Japan: Ornithological Science, v. 13, no. 2, p. 67-75, https://doi.org/10.2326/osj.13.67.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"75","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057076","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":495024,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2326/osj.13.67","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438733,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data 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F.","contributorId":34718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sato","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Kurechi, Masayuki","contributorId":98678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurechi","given":"Masayuki","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Pearce, John M. 0000-0002-8503-5485 jpearce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-5485","contributorId":181766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"John","email":"jpearce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Ramey, Andrew M. 0000-0002-3601-8400 aramey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3601-8400","contributorId":1872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramey","given":"Andrew","email":"aramey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Higuchi, Hiroyoshi","contributorId":69850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higuchi","given":"Hiroyoshi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70168474,"text":"70168474 - 2014 - Redefining reproductive success in songbirds: Moving beyond the nest success paradigm","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-24T15:17:27","indexId":"70168474","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Redefining reproductive success in songbirds: Moving beyond the nest success paradigm","docAbstract":"

One of the most commonly estimated parameters in studies of songbird ecology is reproductive success, as a measure of either individual fitness or population productivity. Traditionally, the “success” in reproductive success refers to whether, or how many, nestlings leave nests. Here, we advocate that “reproductive success” in songbirds be redefined as full-season productivity, or the number of young raised to independence from adult care in a breeding season. A growing body of evidence demonstrates interdependence between nest success and fledgling survival, and emphasizes that data from either life stage alone can produce misleading measures of individual fitness and population productivity. Nest success, therefore, is an insufficient measure of reproductive success, and songbird ecology needs to progress beyond this long-standing paradigm. Full-season productivity, an evolutionarily rational measure of reproductive success, provides the framework for appropriately addressing unresolved questions about the adaptive significance of many breeding behaviors and within which effective breeding-grounds conservation and management can be designed.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/AUK-14-69.1","usgsCitation":"Streby, H.M., Refsnider, J.M., and Andersen, D., 2014, Redefining reproductive success in songbirds: Moving beyond the nest success paradigm: The Auk, v. 131, no. 4, p. 718-726, https://doi.org/10.1642/AUK-14-69.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"718","endPage":"726","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055846","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472554,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1642/AUK-14-69.1","text":"External Repository"},{"id":318071,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"131","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c45654e4b0946c652185ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Streby, Henry M.","contributorId":11024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Streby","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12455,"text":"University of Toledo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Refsnider, Jeanine M.","contributorId":166948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Refsnider","given":"Jeanine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andersen, David E. 0000-0001-9535-3404 dea@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9535-3404","contributorId":2168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"David E.","email":"dea@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34539,"text":"Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":620464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70160928,"text":"70160928 - 2014 - Geophysical framework of the Peninsular Ranges batholith—Implications for tectonic evolution and neotectonics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-05T10:01:27","indexId":"70160928","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1726,"text":"GSA Memoirs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geophysical framework of the Peninsular Ranges batholith—Implications for tectonic evolution and neotectonics","docAbstract":"

The crustal structure of the Peninsular Ranges batholith can be divided geophysically into two parts: (1) a western mafic part that is dense, magnetic, and characterized by relatively high seismic velocities (>6.25 km/s), low heat flow (<60 mW/m2), and relatively sparse seismicity, and (2) an eastern, more felsic part that is less dense, weakly magnetic, and characterized by lower seismic velocities (<6.25 km/s), high heat flow (>60 mW/m2), and abundant microseismicity. Potential-field modeling indicates that the dense, mafic part of the batholith extends to depths of at least 20 km and likely to the Moho. The magnetic anomalies of the western part of the batholith extend south beyond the spatially extensive exposures of the batholith to the tip of the Baja California peninsula, which suggests that the mafic part of the batholith projects beneath Cenozoic volcanic cover another 400 km. The linearity and undisrupted nature of the magnetic belt of anomalies suggest that the western part of the batholith has behaved as a rigid block since emplacement of the batholith. The batholith may have influenced not only the development of the Gulf of California oblique rift, but also strike-slip faulting along its northern margin, and transtensional faulting along its western margin, likely because it is thermally and mechanically more resistant to deformation than the surrounding crust.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2014.1211(01)","usgsCitation":"Langenheim, V., Jachens, R.C., and Aiken, C., 2014, Geophysical framework of the Peninsular Ranges batholith—Implications for tectonic evolution and neotectonics: GSA Memoirs, v. 211, p. 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1130/2014.1211(01).","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-033143","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":313326,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.7646484375,\n 23.241346102386135\n ],\n [\n -110.1708984375,\n 22.187404991398775\n ],\n [\n -124.8046875,\n 38.92522904714054\n ],\n [\n -121.46484375,\n 40.07807142745009\n ],\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 31.42866311735861\n ],\n [\n -108.7646484375,\n 23.241346102386135\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"211","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"568cf743e4b0e7a44bc0f160","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langenheim, Victoria E. 0000-0003-2170-5213 zulanger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":151042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"Victoria E.","email":"zulanger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":584245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jachens, Robert C. jachens@usgs.gov","contributorId":1180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"Robert","email":"jachens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":584244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aiken, Carlos","contributorId":151070,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aiken","given":"Carlos","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":584246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70159574,"text":"70159574 - 2014 - Tectonic evolution of the Tualatin basin, northwest Oregon, as revealed by inversion of gravity data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-12T11:32:42","indexId":"70159574","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonic evolution of the Tualatin basin, northwest Oregon, as revealed by inversion of gravity data","docAbstract":"

The Tualatin basin, west of Portland (Oregon, USA), coincides with a 110 mGal gravity low along the Puget-Willamette lowland. New gravity measurements (n = 3000) reveal a three-dimensional (3-D) subsurface geometry suggesting early development as a fault-bounded pull-apart basin. A strong northwest-trending gravity gradient coincides with the Gales Creek fault, which forms the southwestern boundary of the Tualatin basin. Faults along the northeastern margin in the Portland Hills and the northeast-trending Sherwood fault along the southeastern basin margin are also associated with gravity gradients, but of smaller magnitude. The gravity low reflects the large density contrast between basin fill and the mafic crust of the Siletz terrane composing basement. Inversions of gravity data indicate that the Tualatin basin is ∼6 km deep, therefore 6 times deeper than the 1 km maximum depth of the Miocene Columba River Basalt Group (CRBG) in the basin, implying that the basin contains several kilometers of low-density pre-CRBG sediments and so formed primarily before the 15 Ma emplacement of the CRBG. The shape of the basin and the location of parallel, linear basin-bounding faults along the southwest and northeast margins suggest that the Tualatin basin originated as a pull-apart rhombochasm. Pre-CRBG extension in the Tualatin basin is consistent with an episode of late Eocene extension documented elsewhere in the Coast Ranges. The present fold and thrust geometry of the Tualatin basin, the result of Neogene compression, is superimposed on the ancestral pull-apart basin. The present 3-D basin geometry may imply stronger ground shaking along basin edges, particularly along the concealed northeast edge of the Tualatin basin beneath the greater Portland area.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES00929.1","usgsCitation":"McPhee, D., Langenheim, V., Wells, R.E., and Blakely, R.J., 2014, Tectonic evolution of the Tualatin basin, northwest Oregon, as revealed by inversion of gravity data: Geosphere, v. 10, no. 2, p. 264-275, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00929.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"264","endPage":"275","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044761","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472531,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00929.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":311203,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Tualatin Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.4808349609375,\n 44.78963254761407\n ],\n [\n -123.4808349609375,\n 45.96260622242165\n ],\n [\n -122.420654296875,\n 45.96260622242165\n ],\n [\n -122.420654296875,\n 44.78963254761407\n ],\n [\n -123.4808349609375,\n 44.78963254761407\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5645c659e4b0e2669b30f222","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McPhee, Darcy 0000-0002-5177-3068 dmcphee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5177-3068","contributorId":2621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPhee","given":"Darcy","email":"dmcphee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":412,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langenheim, Victoria E. 0000-0003-2170-5213 zulanger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":149019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"Victoria E.","email":"zulanger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":579530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wells, Ray E. 0000-0002-7796-0160 rwells@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":149772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Ray","email":"rwells@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blakely, Richard J. 0000-0003-1701-5236 blakely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":1540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"Richard","email":"blakely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70111959,"text":"70111959 - 2014 - The effects of harvest on waterfowl populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-11T11:44:22","indexId":"70111959","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T23:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3764,"text":"Wildfowl","onlineIssn":"2052-6458","printIssn":"0954-6324","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of harvest on waterfowl populations","docAbstract":"

Change in the size of populations over space and time is, arguably, the motivation for much of pure and applied ecological research. The fundamental model for the dynamics of any population is straightforward: the net change in the abundance is the simple difference between the number of individuals entering the population and the number leaving the population, either or both of which may change in response to factors intrinsic and extrinsic to the population. While harvest of individuals from a population constitutes a clear extrinsic source of removal of individuals, the response of populations to harvest is frequently complex, reflecting an interaction of harvest with one or more population processes. Here we consider the role of these interactions, and factors influencing them, on the effective harvest management of waterfowl populations. We review historical ideas concerning harvest and discuss the relationship(s) between waterfowl life histories and the development and application of population models to inform harvest management. The influence of population structure (age, spatial) on derivation of optimal harvest strategies (with and without explicit consideration of various sources of uncertainty) is considered. In addition to population structure, we discuss how the optimal harvest strategy may be influenced by: 1) patterns of density-dependence in one or more vital rates, and 2) heterogeneity in vital rates among individuals within an age-sex-size class. Although derivation of the optimal harvest strategy for simple population models (with or without structure) is generally straightforward, there are several potential difficulties in application. In particular, uncertainty concerning the population structure at the time of harvest, and the ability to regulate the structure of the harvest itself, are significant complications. We therefore review the evidence of effects of harvest on waterfowl populations. Some of this evidence has focussed on correspondence of data with more phenomenological models and other evidence relates to specific mechanisms, including densitydependence and heterogeneity. An important part of this evidence is found in the evolution of model weights under various adaptive harvest management programmes of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for North American waterfowl.

\n

Overall, there is substantial uncertainty about system dynamics, about the impacts of potential management and conservation decisions on those dynamics, and how to optimise management decisions in the presence of such uncertainties. Such relationships are unlikely to be stationary over space or time, and selective harvest of some individuals can potentially alter life history allocation of resources over time – both of which will potentially influence optimal harvest strategies. These sources of variation and uncertainty argue for the use of adaptive approaches to waterfowl harvest management.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wildfowl and Wetland Trust","usgsCitation":"Cooch, E.G., Guillemain, M., Boomer, G., Lebreton, J., and Nichols, J., 2014, The effects of harvest on waterfowl populations: Wildfowl, v. Special Issue 4, p. 220-276.","productDescription":"57 p.","startPage":"220","endPage":"276","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055408","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325007,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325006,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wildfowl.wwt.org.uk/index.php/wildfowl/article/view/2608"}],"volume":"Special Issue 4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5784c345e4b0e02680be59ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooch, Evan G.","contributorId":100673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooch","given":"Evan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guillemain, Matthieu","contributorId":141131,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guillemain","given":"Matthieu","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13683,"text":"French National Hunting and Wildlife Agency (ONCFS)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boomer, G Scott","contributorId":172150,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boomer","given":"G Scott","affiliations":[{"id":26994,"text":"Div. of Migratory Bird Management, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, MD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lebreton, Jean-Dominique","contributorId":172792,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lebreton","given":"Jean-Dominique","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":518931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70173598,"text":"70173598 - 2014 - A multi-scaled approach to evaluating the fish assemblage structure within southern Appalachian streams USA.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-09T15:48:04","indexId":"70173598","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T23:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multi-scaled approach to evaluating the fish assemblage structure within southern Appalachian streams USA.","docAbstract":"

There is considerable uncertainty about the relative roles of stream habitat and landscape characteristics in structuring stream-fish assemblages. We evaluated the relative importance of environmental characteristics on fish occupancy at the local and landscape scales within the upper Little Tennessee River basin of Georgia and North Carolina. Fishes were sampled using a quadrat sample design at 525 channel units within 48 study reaches during two consecutive years. We evaluated species–habitat relationships (local and landscape factors) by developing hierarchical, multispecies occupancy models. Modeling results suggested that fish occupancy within the Little Tennessee River basin was primarily influenced by stream topology and topography, urban land coverage, and channel unit types. Landscape scale factors (e.g., urban land coverage and elevation) largely controlled the fish assemblage structure at a stream-reach level, and local-scale factors (i.e., channel unit types) influenced fish distribution within stream reaches. Our study demonstrates the utility of a multi-scaled approach and the need to account for hierarchy and the interscale interactions of factors influencing assemblage structure prior to monitoring fish assemblages, developing biological management plans, or allocating management resources throughout a stream system.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2014.935478","usgsCitation":"Kirsch, J., and Peterson, J., 2014, A multi-scaled approach to evaluating the fish assemblage structure within southern Appalachian streams USA.: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 143, no. 5, p. 1358-1371, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2014.935478.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1358","endPage":"1371","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054180","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323428,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Little Tennessee River Basin","volume":"143","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575a932fe4b04f417c27511a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirsch, Joseph","contributorId":41354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirsch","given":"Joseph","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, James T. 0000-0002-7709-8590 james_peterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-8590","contributorId":2111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"James","email":"james_peterson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70215787,"text":"70215787 - 2014 - Assessing the importance of terrain parameters on glide avalanche release","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-02T13:04:03.137086","indexId":"70215787","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T15:02:21","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Assessing the importance of terrain parameters on glide avalanche release","docAbstract":"

Glide snow avalanches are dangerous and difficult to predict. Despite recent research there is still a lack of understanding regarding the controls of glide avalanche release. Glide avalanches often occur in similar terrain or the same locations annually and observations suggest that topography may be critical. Thus, to gain an understanding of the terrain component of these types of avalanches we examined terrain parameters associated with glide avalanche release as well as areas of consistent glide crack formation but no subsequent avalanches. Glide avalanche occurrences visible from the Going-to-the-Sun Road corridor in Glacier National Park, Montana from 2003-2013 were investigated using an avalanche database derived of daily observations each year from April 1 to June 15. This yielded 192 glide avalanches in 53 distinct avalanche paths. Each avalanche occurrence was digitized in a GIS using satellite, oblique, and aerial imagery as reference. Topographical parameters such as area, slope, aspect, elevation and elevation were then derived for the entire dataset utilizing GIS tools and a 10m DEM. Land surface substrate and surface geology were derived from National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring maps and U.S. Geological Survey surface geology maps, respectively. Surface roughness and glide factor were calculated using a four level classification index. . Then, each avalanche occurrence was aggregated to general avalanche release zones and the frequencies were compared. For this study, glide avalanches released in elevations ranging from 1300 to 2700 m with a mean aspect of 98 degrees (east) and a mean slope angle of 38 degrees. The mean profile curvature for all glide avalanches was 0.15 and a plan curvature of -0.01, suggesting a fairly linear surface (i.e. neither convex nor concave). The glide avalanches occurred in mostly bedrock made up of dolomite and limestone slabs and talus deposits with very few occurring in alpine meadows. However, not all glide avalanches failed as cohesive slabs on this bedrock surface. Consequently, surface roughness proved to be a useful descriptive variable to discriminate between slopes that avalanched and those that did not. Annual 'repeat offender' glide avalanche paths were characterized by smooth outcropping rock plates with stratification planes parallel to the slope. Combined with aspect these repeat offenders were also members of the highest glide category. Using this understanding of the role of topographic parameters on glide avalanche activity, a spatial terrain based model was developed to identify other areas with high glide avalanche potential outside of our immediate observation area.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the International Snow Science Workshop","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"International Snow Science Workshop","conferenceDate":"September 28-October 3, 2014","conferenceLocation":"Banff, Alberta, Canada","language":"English","publisher":"International Snow Science Workshop Canada Inc.","usgsCitation":"Peitzsch, E.H., Hendrikx, J., and Fagre, D.B., 2014, Assessing the importance of terrain parameters on glide avalanche release, in Proceedings of the International Snow Science Workshop, Banff, Alberta, Canada, September 28-October 3, 2014, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-053178","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":379966,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.345703125,\n 48.23016176791893\n ],\n [\n -113.15093994140625,\n 48.23016176791893\n ],\n [\n -113.15093994140625,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -114.345703125,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -114.345703125,\n 48.23016176791893\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peitzsch, Erich H. 0000-0001-7624-0455 epeitzsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7624-0455","contributorId":3786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peitzsch","given":"Erich","email":"epeitzsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":803469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hendrikx, Jordy 0000-0001-6194-3596","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6194-3596","contributorId":140954,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hendrikx","given":"Jordy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13628,"text":"Department of Earth Sciences, P.O. Box 173480, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA. 59717.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":803470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fagre, Daniel B. 0000-0001-8552-9461 dan_fagre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-9461","contributorId":2036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"Daniel","email":"dan_fagre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":803471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70039984,"text":"70039984 - 2014 - Comparison of simulated HyspIRI with two multispectral sensors for invasive species mapping","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-09T13:25:52.841036","indexId":"70039984","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T13:50:24","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of simulated HyspIRI with two multispectral sensors for invasive species mapping","docAbstract":"
This paper assesses the potential of a single HYSPIRI scene to estimate cover of the non-native invasive buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare) in a heterogeneous Sonoran Desert scrub ecosystem. We simulated HYSPIRI (60 m) along with two multispectral sensors, Thematic Mapper (TM; 30 m) and Advanced Space-borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Spectrometer (ASTER; 15 m), from high-resolution Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS; 3.2 m) imagery in an area infested by buffelgrass near Tucson, Arizona. We compared classification accuracies of all simulated sensors at spatial resolutions of 15 m, 30 m, and 60 m to evaluate tradeoffs of spectral and spatial resolution across the sensors. Although spectroscopically superior to Landsat TM and ASTER, ASTER easily outperformed HYSPIRI for small infestations (225 m2) on account of its spatial resolution. Shortwave-infrared bands near 2.2 µm were key indicators for both HYSPIRI and ASTER, highlighting the benefit of narrow-wave SWIR for mapping invasive species in arid ecosystems.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","doi":"10.14358/PERS.80.3.217","usgsCitation":"2014, Comparison of simulated HyspIRI with two multispectral sensors for invasive species mapping: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 80, no. 3, p. 217-227, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.80.3.217.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"217","endPage":"227","ipdsId":"IP-041052","costCenters":[{"id":477,"text":"North Central Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40927,"text":"North Central Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472555,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.80.3.217","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":381123,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Olsson, Aaryn D.","contributorId":71044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsson","given":"Aaryn","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":806355,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morisette, Jeffrey T. 0000-0002-0483-0082 morisettej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0483-0082","contributorId":307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morisette","given":"Jeffrey","email":"morisettej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":477,"text":"North Central Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806356,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70136286,"text":"ofr20141263 - 2014 - The critical role of islands for waterbird breeding and foraging habitat in managed ponds of the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project, South San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-09T12:11:02","indexId":"ofr20141263","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T13:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1263","title":"The critical role of islands for waterbird breeding and foraging habitat in managed ponds of the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project, South San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"

The South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project aims to restore 50–90 percent of former salt evaporation ponds into tidal marsh in South San Francisco Bay, California. However, large numbers of waterbirds use these ponds annually as nesting and foraging habitat. Islands within ponds are particularly important habitat for nesting, foraging, and roosting waterbirds. To maintain current waterbird populations, the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project plans to create new islands within former salt ponds in South San Francisco Bay. In a series of studies, we investigated pond and individual island attributes that are most beneficial to nesting, foraging, and roosting waterbirds.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141263","usgsCitation":"Ackerman, J., Hartman, C.A., Herzog, M.P., Smith, L.M., Moskal, S.M., De La Cruz, S.E., Yee, J.L., and Takekawa, J.Y., 2014, The critical role of islands for waterbird breeding and foraging habitat in managed ponds of the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project, South San Francisco Bay, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1263, vi, 108 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141263.","productDescription":"vi, 108 p.","numberOfPages":"118","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061341","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37273,"text":"Advanced Research Computing (ARC)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296965,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141263.jpg"},{"id":296964,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1263/pdf/ofr2014-1263.pdf","size":"3.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296963,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1263/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.66510009765625,\n 37.45959832290546\n ],\n [\n -122.66510009765625,\n 37.98750437106374\n ],\n [\n -121.90979003906249,\n 37.98750437106374\n ],\n [\n -121.90979003906249,\n 37.45959832290546\n ],\n [\n -122.66510009765625,\n 37.45959832290546\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2abee4b08de9379b31c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hartman, C. 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Sea-level rise and the changing frequency of extreme events associated with climate change are now further degrading the capacity of those ecological and social systems to remain resilient in the face of disturbance, largely through the degradation and loss of land and habitat. The goal was to develop a problem framing that would broadly reflect the type, scale and scope of SLR-adaptation decisions faced by refuges in general, and that could be used by individual refuges to help understand how their specific problems fit into a larger context of SLR planning and implementation. 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Key Messages

1. Changes in the timing of streamflow related to changing snowmelt are already observed and will continue, reducing the supply of water for many competing demands and causing far-reaching ecological and socioeconomic consequences.

2. In the coastal zone, the effects of sea level rise, erosion, inundation, threats to infrastructure and habitat, and increasing ocean acidity collectively pose a major threat to the region.

3. The combined impacts of increasing wildfire, insect outbreaks, and tree diseases are already causing widespread tree die-off and are virtually certain to cause additional forest mortality by the 2040s and long-term transformation of forest landscapes. Under higher emissions scenarios, extensive conversion of subalpine forests to other forest types is projected by the 2080s.

4. While the agriculture sector’s technical ability to adapt to changing conditions can offset some adverse impacts of a changing climate, there remain critical concerns for agriculture with respect to costs of adaptation, development of more climate resilient technologies and management, and availability and timing of water.

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No abstract available.

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Unconventional oil and gas production provides a rapidly growing energy source; however high-producing states in the United States, such as Oklahoma, face sharply rising numbers of earthquakes. Subsurface pressure data required to unequivocally link earthquakes to injection are rarely accessible. Here we use seismicity and hydrogeological models to show that distant fluid migration from high-rate disposal wells in Oklahoma is likely responsible for the largest swarm. Earthquake hypocenters occur within disposal formations and upper-basement, between 2-5 km depth. The modeled fluid pressure perturbation propagates throughout the same depth range and tracks earthquakes to distances of 35 km, with a triggering threshold of ~0.07 MPa. Although thousands of disposal wells may operate aseismically, four of the highest-rate wells likely induced 20% of 2008-2013 central US seismicity.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1126/science.1255802","usgsCitation":"Keranen, K.M., Abers, G.A., Weingarten, M., Bekins, B.A., and Ge, S., 2014, Sharp increase in central Oklahoma seismicity 2009-2014 induced by massive wastewater injection: Science, v. 345, no. 6195, p. 448-451, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1255802.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"448","endPage":"451","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057212","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297215,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.49218749999999,\n 34.470335121217495\n ],\n [\n -99.49218749999999,\n 36.58024660149866\n ],\n [\n -94.8779296875,\n 36.58024660149866\n ],\n [\n -94.8779296875,\n 34.470335121217495\n ],\n [\n -99.49218749999999,\n 34.470335121217495\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"345","issue":"6195","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2ab2e4b08de9379b3186","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keranen, Kathleen M.","contributorId":138655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keranen","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12480,"text":"Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abers, Geoffrey A.","contributorId":90195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abers","given":"Geoffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weingarten, Matthew","contributorId":138656,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weingarten","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12481,"text":"Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bekins, Barbara A. 0000-0002-1411-6018 babekins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1411-6018","contributorId":1348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"Barbara","email":"babekins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ge, Shemin","contributorId":37366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ge","given":"Shemin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70042532,"text":"70042532 - 2014 - Land-use and land-cover change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-09T14:08:42.898776","indexId":"70042532","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T09:06:34","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"chapter":"13","title":"Land-use and land-cover change","docAbstract":"

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The aim of this chapter is to review the history of those climate variations, focusing in particular on the continental-scale climatic variations between the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ca. 21,000 years ago or 21 ka) and the present, which were as large in amplitude as any experienced over a similar time span during the past several million years. As background to that discussion, the climatic variations over the Cenozoic (the past 65.5 Myr, or 65.5 Ma to present) that led ultimately to the onset of Northern Hemisphere glaciation at 2.59 Ma will also be discussed. Superimposed on the large-amplitude, broad-scale variations from the LGM to present, are climatic variations on millennial-to-decadal scales, and these will be reviewed in particular for the Holocene (11.7 ka to present) and the past millennium.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Climate Change in North America","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-03768-4","usgsCitation":"Bartlein, P.J., Hostetler, S.W., and Alder, J.R., 2014, Paleoclimate, chap. of Climate Change in North America, p. 1-51, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03768-4.","productDescription":"51 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"51","ipdsId":"IP-053498","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342455,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295485,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.springer.com/earth+sciences+and+geography/atmospheric+sciences/book/978-3-319-03767-7"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59424b3ae4b0764e6c65dc48","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ohring, G.","contributorId":55647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohring","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697977,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Bartlein, Patrick J.","contributorId":106879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartlein","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hostetler, Steven W. 0000-0003-2272-8302 swhostet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":3249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"Steven","email":"swhostet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alder, Jay R. 0000-0003-2378-2853 jalder@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2378-2853","contributorId":5118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alder","given":"Jay","email":"jalder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70114648,"text":"70114648 - 2014 - Auroral omens of the American Civil War","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T15:17:32","indexId":"70114648","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5423,"text":"Weatherwise","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Auroral omens of the American Civil War","docAbstract":"

Aurorae are a splendid night-time sight: coruscations of green, purple, and red fluorescent light in the form of gently wafting ribbons, billowing curtains, and flashing rays. Mostly seen at high latitudes, in the north aurorae are often called the northern lights or aurora borealis, and, in the south, the southern lights or aurora australis. The mystery of their cause has historically been the subject of wonder. The folklore and mythology of some far-northern civilizations attributed auroral light to celestial deities. And, in ironic contrast with their heavenly beauty, unusual auroral displays, such as those seen on rare occasions at lower southern latitudes, have sometimes been interpreted as portending unfavorable future events.

Today we understand aurorae to be a visual manifestation of the dynamic conditions in the space environment surrounding the earth. Important direct evidence in support of this theory came on September 1, 1859. On that day, an English astronomer named Richard Carrington was situated at his telescope, which was pointed at the sun. While observing and sketching a large group of sunspots, he saw a solar flare—intense patches of white light that were superimposed upon the darker sunspot group and which were illuminated for about a minute. One day later, a magnetic storm was recorded at specially designed observatories in Europe, across Russia, and in India. By many measures, the amplitude of magnetic disturbance was the greatest ever recorded.

In the United States, the effects of the Carrington storm could be seen as irregular backand-forth deflections of a few degrees in the magnetized needle of a compass. Rapid magnetic variation also induced electric fields in the earth’s conducting lithosphere, and interfered with the operation of telegraph systems. The Carrington magnetic storm, and an earlier storm that had occurred on August 28, 1859, caused spectacular displays of aurora borealis in the night-time sky over the entire United States and the western hemisphere, possibly all the way down to the equator. This was extremely unusual, so much so that an auroral event o

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00431672.2014.939912","usgsCitation":"Love, J.J., 2014, Auroral omens of the American Civil War: Weatherwise, v. 67, no. 5, p. 34-41, https://doi.org/10.1080/00431672.2014.939912.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"34","endPage":"41","ipdsId":"IP-057753","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342462,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59424b3be4b0764e6c65dc56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Love, Jeffrey J. 0000-0002-3324-0348 jlove@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-0348","contributorId":760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlove@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70192432,"text":"70192432 - 2014 - Effects of urbanization on mercury deposition and accumulation in New England","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T16:38:42","indexId":"70192432","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of urbanization on mercury deposition and accumulation in New England","docAbstract":"We compare total mercury (HgT) loading and methylmercury (MeHg) accumulation in streams and lakes\nfrom an urbanized area (Boston, Massachusetts) to rural regions of southern New Hampshire and Maine.\nThe maximum HgT loading, as indicated by HgT atmospheric deposition, HgT emissions, and sediment\nHgT concentrations, did not coincide with maximum MeHg concentrations in fish. Urbanized ecosystems\nwere areas of high HgT loading but had low MeHg concentrations in fish. Controls on MeHg production\nand accumulation appeared to be related primarily to HgT loading in undeveloped areas, while\necosystem sensitivity to MeHg formation appeared to be more important in regulating accumulation of\nMeHg in the urban area.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2014.05.003","usgsCitation":"Chalmers, A.T., Krabbenhoft, D.P., Van Metre, P., and Nilles, M.A., 2014, Effects of urbanization on mercury deposition and accumulation in New England: Environmental Pollution, v. 192, p. 104-112, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.05.003.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"104","endPage":"112","ipdsId":"IP-052660","costCenters":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348887,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.7626953125,\n 41.269549502842565\n ],\n [\n -71.38916015625001,\n 41.343824581185686\n ],\n [\n -71.19140625,\n 41.376808565702355\n ],\n [\n -70.850830078125,\n 41.549700145132725\n ],\n [\n -70.75195312500001,\n 41.672911819602085\n ],\n [\n -70.67504882812501,\n 41.64007838467894\n ],\n [\n -70.68603515625001,\n 41.50034959128928\n ],\n [\n -70.29052734375003,\n 41.51680395810118\n ],\n [\n -69.80712890625003,\n 41.65649719441145\n ],\n [\n -69.8291015625,\n 41.97582726102573\n ],\n [\n -69.94995117187501,\n 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-72.25708007812501,\n 42.771211138625894\n ],\n [\n -72.23510742187501,\n 42.66628070564928\n ],\n [\n -72.103271484375,\n 42.52879629320373\n ],\n [\n -71.795654296875,\n 42.02481360781777\n ],\n [\n -71.78466796874999,\n 41.6154423246811\n ],\n [\n -71.7626953125,\n 41.269549502842565\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"192","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a61003fe4b06e28e9c253b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chalmers, Ann T. 0000-0002-5199-8080 chalmers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5199-8080","contributorId":1443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chalmers","given":"Ann","email":"chalmers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Van Metre, Peter C. 0000-0001-7564-9814 pcvanmet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7564-9814","contributorId":197363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"Peter C.","email":"pcvanmet@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":715802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nilles, Mark A. manilles@usgs.gov","contributorId":3171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nilles","given":"Mark","email":"manilles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70190300,"text":"70190300 - 2014 - Understanding how lake populations of arctic char are structured and function with special consideration of the potential effects of climate change: A multi-faceted approach.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-24T12:09:25","indexId":"70190300","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Understanding how lake populations of arctic char are structured and function with special consideration of the potential effects of climate change: A multi-faceted approach.","docAbstract":"

Size dimorphism in fish populations, both its causes and consequences, has been an area of considerable focus; however, uncertainty remains whether size dimorphism is dynamic or stabilizing and about the role of exogenous factors. Here, we explored patterns among empirical vital rates, population structure, abundance and trend, and predicted the effects of climate change on populations of arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) in two lakes. Both populations cycle dramatically between dominance by small (≤300 mm) and large (>300 mm) char. Apparent survival (Φ) and specific growth rates (SGR) were relatively high (40–96 %; SGR range 0.03–1.5 %) and comparable to those of conspecifics at lower latitudes. Climate change scenarios mimicked observed patterns of warming and resulted in temperatures closer to optimal for char growth (15.15 °C) and a longer growing season. An increase in consumption rates (28–34 %) under climate change scenarios led to much greater growth rates (23–34 %). Higher growth rates predicted under climate change resulted in an even greater predicted amplitude of cycles in population structure as well as an increase in reproductive output (Ro) and decrease in generation time (Go). Collectively, these results indicate arctic char populations (not just individuals) are extremely sensitive to small changes in the number of ice-free days. We hypothesize years with a longer growing season, predicted to occur more often under climate change, produce elevated growth rates of small char and act in a manner similar to a “resource pulse,” allowing a sub-set of small char to “break through,” thus setting the cycle in population structure.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00442-014-2993-8","usgsCitation":"Budy, P., and Luecke, C., 2014, Understanding how lake populations of arctic char are structured and function with special consideration of the potential effects of climate change: A multi-faceted approach.: Oecologia, v. 176, no. 1, p. 81-94, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-014-2993-8.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"94","ipdsId":"IP-053259","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345110,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"176","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"599fe5bbe4b038630d02210d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Budy, Phaedra E. 0000-0002-9918-1678 pbudy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9918-1678","contributorId":140028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budy","given":"Phaedra","email":"pbudy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":708357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luecke, Chris","contributorId":18651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luecke","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70190492,"text":"70190492 - 2014 - Characterization of microsatellite loci from two-spotted octopus Octopus bimaculatus Verrill 1883 from pyrosequencing reads","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-05T08:44:51","indexId":"70190492","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1325,"text":"Conservation Genetics Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Characterization of microsatellite loci from two-spotted octopus Octopus bimaculatus Verrill 1883 from pyrosequencing reads","title":"Characterization of microsatellite loci from two-spotted octopus Octopus bimaculatus Verrill 1883 from pyrosequencing reads","docAbstract":"

We characterized 22 novel microsatellite loci in the two-spotted octopus Octopus bimaculatus using 454 pyrosequencing reads. All loci were polymorphic and will be used in studies of marine connectivity aimed at increasing sustainability of the resource. The mean number alleles per locus was 13.09 (range 7–19) and observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.50 to 1.00. Four loci pairs were linked and three deviated from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Eighteen and 12 loci were polymorphic in Octopus bimaculoides and Octopus hubbsorum, respectively.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12686-013-0128-x","usgsCitation":"Dominguez-Contreras, J.F., Munguía-Vega, A., Ceballos-Vazquez, B.P., Arellano-Martinez, M., and Culver, M., 2014, Characterization of microsatellite loci from two-spotted octopus Octopus bimaculatus Verrill 1883 from pyrosequencing reads: Conservation Genetics Resources, v. 6, no. 2, p. 465-468, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12686-013-0128-x.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"465","endPage":"468","ipdsId":"IP-070011","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345446,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59afb79ee4b0e9bde1351139","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dominguez-Contreras, J. F.","contributorId":196146,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dominguez-Contreras","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Munguía-Vega, A.","contributorId":196147,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Munguía-Vega","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ceballos-Vazquez, B. P.","contributorId":196148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ceballos-Vazquez","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arellano-Martinez, M.","contributorId":196149,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arellano-Martinez","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Culver, Melanie 0000-0001-5380-3059 mculver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5380-3059","contributorId":4327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culver","given":"Melanie","email":"mculver@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":127,"text":"Arizona Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":709453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70190268,"text":"70190268 - 2014 - Effects of fine sediment, hyporheic flow, and spawning site characteristics on survival and development of bull trout embryos","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-24T10:55:06","indexId":"70190268","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of fine sediment, hyporheic flow, and spawning site characteristics on survival and development of bull trout embryos","docAbstract":"

Successful spawning is imperative for the persistence of salmonid populations, but relatively little research has been conducted to evaluate factors affecting early life-stage survival for bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus), a threatened char. We conducted a field experiment to assess the relationship between site-specific environmental factors and bull trout embryo survival and fry emergence timing. Survival from egg to hatch was negatively related to percent fine sediment (<1 mm) in the redd and positively related to the strength of downwelling at spawning sites. Survival of eggs to fry emergence was also negatively related to fine sediment, and the best statistical models included additional variables that described the rate of downwelling and intragravel flow within the incubation environment. Fry emerged at an earlier stage in development from redds with high percentages of fine sediment. Increased hydraulic conductivity via redd construction and selection of spawning sites with strong downwelling appear to enhance hyporheic flow rates and bull trout egg survival, but early life-stage success may ultimately be limited by intrusion of fine sediment into the incubation environment.

","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2013-0372","usgsCitation":"Bowerman, T., Neilson, B., and Budy, P., 2014, Effects of fine sediment, hyporheic flow, and spawning site characteristics on survival and development of bull trout embryos: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 71, no. 7, p. 1059-1071, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2013-0372.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1059","endPage":"1071","ipdsId":"IP-049185","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345023,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Canyon Creek, Jack Creek, Jefferson Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.4755859375,\n 43.197167282501276\n ],\n [\n -120.14648437499999,\n 43.197167282501276\n ],\n [\n -120.14648437499999,\n 44.96479793033104\n ],\n [\n -122.4755859375,\n 44.96479793033104\n ],\n [\n -122.4755859375,\n 43.197167282501276\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"599d42c3e4b0b5892680304f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowerman, Tracy","contributorId":95796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowerman","given":"Tracy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neilson, Bethany","contributorId":178798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neilson","given":"Bethany","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Budy, Phaedra E. 0000-0002-9918-1678 pbudy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9918-1678","contributorId":140028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budy","given":"Phaedra","email":"pbudy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":708220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}