{"pageNumber":"1317","pageRowStart":"32900","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46734,"records":[{"id":27074,"text":"wri954067 - 1995 - Water-quality conditions at selected landfills in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, 1986-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-27T11:26:35","indexId":"wri954067","displayToPublicDate":"1996-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4067","title":"Water-quality conditions at selected landfills in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, 1986-92","docAbstract":"Water-quality conditions at five municipal landfills in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, were studied during 1986-92. Analytical results of water samples from monitoring wells and streams at and near the landfills were used to evaluate effects of leachate on surface and ground water. Ground-water levels at monitoring wells were used to determine directions of ground-water flow at the landfills. Data from previous studies were used for analysis of temporal trends in selected water-quality properties and chemical constituents.\r\n\r\nEffects of leachate, such as large biochemical- and chemical-oxygen demands, generally were evident in small streams originating within the landfills, whereas effects of leachate generally were not evident in most of the larger streams. In larger streams, surface-water quality upstream and downstream from most of the landfills was similar. However, the chemical quality of water in Irwin Creek appears to have been affected by the Statesville Road landfill. Concentrations of several constituents indicative of leachate were larger in samples collected from Irwin Creek downstream from the Statesville Road landfill than in samples collected from Irwin Creek upstream from the landfill.\r\n\r\nThe effect of leachate on ground-water quality generally was largest in water from wells adjacent to waste-disposal cells. Concentrations of most constituents considered indicative of leachate generally were smaller with increasing distance from waste-disposal cells. Water samples from offsite wells generally indicated no effect or very small effects of leachate.\r\n\r\nAction levels designated by the Mecklenburg County Engineering Department and maximum contaminant levels established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency were exceeded in some samples from the landfills. Ground-water samples exceeded action levels and maximum contaminant levels more commonly than surface-water samples. Iron and manganese were the constituents that most commonly exceeded action levels in water samples from the landfills.\r\n\r\nSynthetic organic compounds were detected more commonly and in larger concentrations in ground-water samples than in surface-water samples. Concentrations of synthetic organic compounds detected in water samples from monitoring sites at the landfills generally were much less than maximum contaminant levels. However, concentrations of some chlorinated organic compounds exceeded maximum contaminant levels in samples from several monitoring wells at the Harrisburg Road and York Road landfills.\r\n\r\nTrend analysis indicated statistically significant temporal changes in concentrations of selected water-quality constituents and properties at some of the monitoring sites. Trends detected for the Holbrooks Road and Statesville Road landfills generally indicated an improvement in water quality and a decrease in effects of leachate at most monitoring sites at these landfills from 1979 to 1992. Water-quality trends detected for monitoring sites at the Harrisburg Road and York Road landfills, the largest landfills in the study, differed in magnitude and direction. Upward trends generally were detected for sites near recently closed waste-disposal cells, whereas downward trends generally were detected for sites near older waste-disposal cells. Temporal trends in water quality generally reflected changes in degradation processes associated with the aging of landfill wastes.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri954067","usgsCitation":"Ferrell, G., and Smith, D., 1995, Water-quality conditions at selected landfills in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, 1986-92: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4067, vi, 112 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954067.","productDescription":"vi, 112 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158688,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4067/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55944,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4067/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","county":"Mecklenburg County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-80.7823,35.5113],[-80.7867,35.5031],[-80.7889,35.4949],[-80.7831,35.4836],[-80.7819,35.475],[-80.7779,35.4668],[-80.7778,35.4614],[-80.7744,35.4578],[-80.7549,35.423],[-80.7525,35.4148],[-80.7553,35.4125],[-80.7638,35.4134],[-80.7693,35.402],[-80.7551,35.3944],[-80.7364,35.3786],[-80.7187,35.3624],[-80.704,35.3552],[-80.6983,35.3507],[-80.6822,35.3131],[-80.6677,35.2705],[-80.6214,35.2499],[-80.5954,35.2369],[-80.5485,35.2108],[-80.6245,35.1487],[-80.7328,35.0627],[-80.7645,35.0375],[-80.7684,35.0348],[-80.7746,35.0329],[-80.7858,35.0315],[-80.7892,35.0314],[-80.8009,35.0286],[-80.8155,35.0204],[-80.8194,35.019],[-80.8216,35.018],[-80.8216,35.0167],[-80.8288,35.0098],[-80.835,35.0061],[-80.8405,35.0016],[-80.8604,35.0246],[-80.8854,35.0535],[-80.9016,35.0716],[-80.9312,35.1049],[-80.9373,35.1018],[-81.0383,35.0452],[-81.0419,35.0432],[-81.0447,35.0468],[-81.0464,35.0482],[-81.0483,35.0507],[-81.0503,35.0527],[-81.0528,35.0557],[-81.0548,35.0582],[-81.0568,35.0611],[-81.0577,35.0636],[-81.0586,35.067],[-81.0582,35.0722],[-81.0577,35.0788],[-81.0566,35.0834],[-81.0554,35.0868],[-81.0541,35.0904],[-81.0533,35.0927],[-81.0523,35.0956],[-81.0503,35.0975],[-81.0487,35.099],[-81.0462,35.1003],[-81.0437,35.1014],[-81.042,35.1022],[-81.0391,35.1027],[-81.0369,35.1036],[-81.0352,35.1054],[-81.0344,35.1072],[-81.0341,35.1095],[-81.0341,35.1136],[-81.0358,35.1186],[-81.0363,35.1213],[-81.038,35.124],[-81.0408,35.1267],[-81.0425,35.1281],[-81.0454,35.1289],[-81.0476,35.1295],[-81.0499,35.1302],[-81.051,35.1313],[-81.0521,35.1335],[-81.0523,35.1365],[-81.0517,35.1392],[-81.0501,35.142],[-81.0476,35.1463],[-81.0448,35.1494],[-81.0238,35.1486],[-81.0176,35.1536],[-81.0109,35.1532],[-81.0076,35.1569],[-81.0088,35.165],[-81.0049,35.1728],[-81.0045,35.1814],[-81.0046,35.1864],[-81.0063,35.1923],[-81.0064,35.1973],[-81.0054,35.2055],[-81.0071,35.2109],[-81.0129,35.2231],[-81.0113,35.2309],[-81.012,35.2349],[-81.0082,35.2509],[-81.0139,35.2585],[-81.0152,35.2685],[-81.0143,35.2876],[-81.0133,35.293],[-81.0105,35.2944],[-81.0033,35.3017],[-81.0022,35.3045],[-80.9961,35.3113],[-80.9938,35.3132],[-80.9894,35.3205],[-80.9844,35.3237],[-80.9805,35.3287],[-80.9823,35.3341],[-80.984,35.3373],[-80.9818,35.3446],[-80.9706,35.3501],[-80.9656,35.3506],[-80.9593,35.3489],[-80.9537,35.3521],[-80.9442,35.3521],[-80.9374,35.3572],[-80.9285,35.3614],[-80.9268,35.3627],[-80.9296,35.3636],[-80.9432,35.3658],[-80.9505,35.3675],[-80.9563,35.3738],[-80.9597,35.3756],[-80.9625,35.3756],[-80.9647,35.3738],[-80.9669,35.3688],[-80.9697,35.3669],[-80.9742,35.3642],[-80.9776,35.3646],[-80.9844,35.3695],[-80.9868,35.38],[-80.9846,35.3822],[-80.9806,35.3823],[-80.9761,35.3828],[-80.9632,35.3901],[-80.9554,35.3925],[-80.9549,35.4006],[-80.959,35.4133],[-80.9569,35.4288],[-80.9587,35.436],[-80.9527,35.446],[-80.9465,35.4524],[-80.9421,35.457],[-80.9432,35.4602],[-80.9506,35.4656],[-80.9518,35.4701],[-80.948,35.481],[-80.947,35.486],[-80.951,35.4942],[-80.9612,35.4986],[-80.9664,35.509],[-80.9637,35.5131],[-80.9586,35.5163],[-80.9569,35.5177],[-80.7823,35.5113]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Mecklenburg\",\"state\":\"NC\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db6879ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferrell, G.M.","contributorId":92681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrell","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D.G.","contributorId":49393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23780,"text":"ofr95465 - 1995 - Design of monitor wells, hydrogeology, and ground-water quality beneath Country Pond, Kingston, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:18","indexId":"ofr95465","displayToPublicDate":"1996-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-465","title":"Design of monitor wells, hydrogeology, and ground-water quality beneath Country Pond, Kingston, New Hampshire","docAbstract":"Ten monitoring well were installed in May 1993 to collect data on the hydrogeology and ground-water quality beneath Country Pond, in Kingston, New Hampshire. Monitoring wells were installed 4 to 48 feet beneath the pond surface in stratified drift that was up to 40 feet thick. The stratified drift is overlain by up to 35 feet of fine-grained, predominantly organic, lake-bottom sediment. The potentiometric head in the aquifer was at or above the pond surface and up to 0.8 foot above the pond surface at one location. Water-quality analyses detected numerous volatile organic compounds including chloroethane, benzene, dichlorobenzenes, and 1,1-dichloroethane at maximum concentrations of 110, 43, 54, and 92 mg/L, respectively. The maximum concentration of total volatile organic compounds detected in ground water from a monitoring well was 550 mg/L in November 1993. Ground-water samples with high concentrations of volatile organic compounds also had elevated specific conductances indicating the presence of other non-organic contaminants. Water-quality analyses indicate that a plume of contaminated ground water extends at least 300 feet in a northeast direction beneath the pond.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Earth Science Information Center [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95465","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Mack, T.J., 1995, Design of monitor wells, hydrogeology, and ground-water quality beneath Country Pond, Kingston, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-465, iv, 16 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95465.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157394,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0465/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53010,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0465/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667dc5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mack, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0496-3918","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0496-3918","contributorId":39814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mack","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31940,"text":"ofr95804B - 1995 - Regional sampling of waters and sediments variably impacted by mine drainage in the Denver West 1:100,000 Quadrangle, October, 1994; preliminary data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-03T16:11:36","indexId":"ofr95804B","displayToPublicDate":"1996-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-804","chapter":"B","title":"Regional sampling of waters and sediments variably impacted by mine drainage in the Denver West 1:100,000 Quadrangle, October, 1994; preliminary data","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95804B","usgsCitation":"1995, Regional sampling of waters and sediments variably impacted by mine drainage in the Denver West 1:100,000 Quadrangle, October, 1994; preliminary data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-804, One 3 1/2 inch DS/HD IBM-compatible diskette. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95804B.","productDescription":"One 3 1/2 inch DS/HD IBM-compatible diskette. ","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":161372,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3244,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/ofr-95-0804/read1st.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634e75","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Asher-Bolinder, Sigrid","contributorId":57063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asher-Bolinder","given":"Sigrid","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734655,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24374,"text":"ofr95152 - 1995 - Development of a computerized data base of permitted wastewater discharges in New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:11","indexId":"ofr95152","displayToPublicDate":"1996-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-152","title":"Development of a computerized data base of permitted wastewater discharges in New Jersey","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95152","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Robinson, K.W., Price, C.V., and Smith, R.A., 1995, Development of a computerized data base of permitted wastewater discharges in New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-152, iv, 14 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95152.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156278,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0152/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53470,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0152/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db660591","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, K. W.","contributorId":27488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Price, C. V.","contributorId":19190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, R. A.","contributorId":60584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":24796,"text":"ofr95394 - 1995 - Water-quality data for selected sites on Reversed, Rush, and Alger Creeks and Gull and Silver Lakes, Mono County, California, April 1994 to March 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:17","indexId":"ofr95394","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-394","title":"Water-quality data for selected sites on Reversed, Rush, and Alger Creeks and Gull and Silver Lakes, Mono County, California, April 1994 to March 1995","docAbstract":"Water-quality data for selected sites on Reversed, Rush, and Alger Creeks and Gull and Silver Lakes, Mono County, California, were collected from April 1994 to March 1995. Water samples were analyzed for major ions and trace elements, nutrients, methylene blue active substances, and oil and grease. Field measurements were made for discharge, specific conductance, pH, water temperature, barometric pressure, dissolved oxygen, and alkalinity. Additional data collected include vertical water profiles of specific conductance, pH, water temperature, and dissolved oxygen collected at 3.3-foot intervals for Gull and Silver Lakes; chlorophyll-a and -b concentrations and Secchi depth for Gull and Silver Lakes; sediment interstitial- water nutrient concentrations in cores from Gull Lake; and lake surface and volume of Gull and Silver Lakes.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S.G.S. Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95394","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Wang, B., Rockwell, G., and Blodgett, J.C., 1995, Water-quality data for selected sites on Reversed, Rush, and Alger Creeks and Gull and Silver Lakes, Mono County, California, April 1994 to March 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-394, iv, 54 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95394.","productDescription":"iv, 54 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157501,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0394/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53809,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0394/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5facc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Bronwen 0000-0003-1044-2227 bwang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1044-2227","contributorId":2351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Bronwen","email":"bwang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":192579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rockwell, G.L.","contributorId":47408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rockwell","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blodgett, J. C.","contributorId":32154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blodgett","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":25533,"text":"wri954027 - 1995 - Geohydrology, water quality, and conceptual model of the hydrologic system Saco Landfill area, Saco, Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-27T19:55:47.173605","indexId":"wri954027","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4027","title":"Geohydrology, water quality, and conceptual model of the hydrologic system Saco Landfill area, Saco, Maine","docAbstract":"

A geohydrologic study of the Saco Municipal Landfill in Saco, Maine, was done during 1993-94 to provide a preliminary interpretation of the geology and hydrology needed to guide additional studies at the landfill as part of the Superfund Program. The Saco Landfill, which was active from the early 1960's until 1986, includes three disposal areas on a 90-acre parcel. Sandy Brook, a small perennial stream, flows from north to south through the land-fill between the disposal areas. Discharge of leachate from the disposal areas to aquifers and streams has been documented since 1974. The landfill was declared a Superfund site in 1990 by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Multiple lines of evidence are used in this study to indicate areas of ground-water contamination and sources of water flow in Sandy Brook. The geohydrologic system on the east side of Sandy Brook consists of an upper water-table aquifer and a lower aquifer, separated by a thick sequence of glaciomarine silt and clay. Depths to bedrock range from 60 to more than 200 ft (feet), on the basis of data from seismic-refraction studies and drilling. The upper aquifer, which is generally less than 15 ft thick, consists of fine-to medium-grained sand deposited in a shallow postglacial marine environment. The lower aquifer, which was deposited as a series of glaciomarine fans, contains two sediment types: Well-sorted sand and gravel and unsorted sediments called diamict sediments. East of Sandy Brook, the thickness of the lower aquifer ranges from 25 to 100 ft, based on drilling at the landfill. The glaciomarine silts and clays (known as the presumpscot Formation) range from 50 to more than 100 ft thick. West of Sandy Brook, the glaciomarine silt and clay is largely absent, and fractured bedrock is very close to land surface under one of the disposal areas in the northwestern part of the property. The lower aquifer is unconfined in the southwestern side of the study area; bedrock slopes towards the south, and the aquifer thickens to 100 ft at the southwestern end of the study area. Preliminary estimates of mean annual streamflow in Sandy Brook, based on a partial year of continuous record, indicate that runoff increases from approximately 2.1 ft3/s (cubic feet per second) upstream from the landfill to 2.7 ft3/s downstream from the landfill, although the drainage area down-stream is only 11 percent greater than the drainage area upstream. A water-budget estimate based on available streamflow and climatic data indicates that Sandy Brook below the landfill gains about 80 million gallons per year from sources outside the drainage-basin boundary. Possible sources include the lower aquifer north or west of the landfill area and the fractured bedrock northwest of Sandy Brook. Specific conductance of water in Sandy Brook increases downstream from the landfill. In September 1993, specific conductance was 184 liS/cm (microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius) upstream from the landfill and 496 uS/cm downstream from the landfill. Continuous monitoring of specific conductance in Sandy Brook shows that the downstream increase is less during periods of stormflow because of dilution. Electromagnetic terrain-conductivity surveys, results of ground-water chemical analyses, and changes in streamwater quality have been used to identify areas of likely ground-water contamination. The specific conductance of ground water exceeds 2,000 uS/cm in some areas near the landfills. This compares to specific conductances of less than 200 uS/cm in water from most shallow wells that are considered to represent background water quality. Ground water in the upper aquifer east of Sandy Brook and in the lower aquifer west of Sandy Brook has been affected by leachate flowing from the landfill areas. The extent of contamination in bedrock, if any, is unknown. Water levels measured in 16 wells were used to help determine the direction of ground-water flow. The electromagnetic terrain-conduct surveys and stream specific-conductance data support the interpretation that water in the upper aquifer flows radially away from the two disposal areas east of Sandy Brook towards Sandy Brook and other small surface-water bodies in the area. West of Sandy Brook, ground water under the third disposal area moves in the lower aquifer northeast and southeast towards Sandy Brook, where it discharges to the stream.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri954027","usgsCitation":"Nielsen, M., Stone, J.R., Hansen, B.P., and Nielsen, J., 1995, Geohydrology, water quality, and conceptual model of the hydrologic system Saco Landfill area, Saco, Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4027, v, 94 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954027.","productDescription":"v, 94 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":382724,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4027/report.pdf"},{"id":157697,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4027/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","city":"Saco","otherGeospatial":"Saco Landfill area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.46356201171875,\n 43.496518702067206\n ],\n [\n -70.41996002197266,\n 43.496518702067206\n ],\n [\n -70.41996002197266,\n 43.50872101129684\n ],\n [\n -70.46356201171875,\n 43.50872101129684\n ],\n [\n -70.46356201171875,\n 43.496518702067206\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a877c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nielsen, M.G.","contributorId":103635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stone, J. R.","contributorId":87964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hansen, B. P.","contributorId":45332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nielsen, J.P.","contributorId":76355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":27945,"text":"wri954054 - 1995 - Streamflow to the Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-16T14:59:20","indexId":"wri954054","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4054","title":"Streamflow to the Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"

Fifty-four major streams discharging directly to the Gulf of Mexico and having drainage areas exceeding 200 square miles were identified in the United States. Forty-four U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations along the Gulf of Mexico with at least 40 years of daily streamflow data also were identified. These stations include most of the major streams and comprise 95 percent of the drainage area to the Gulf from the United States.

\n

Daily mean values of continuously monitored streamflow were aggregated, annually and monthly, for selected stations. The mean, minimum, and maximum values were determined for the aggregated data for each station.

\n

Statistical and graphical representations of temporal trends in streamflow are given for stations included in this report. Substantial percentage changes in annual and monthly streamflow between early (before 1963) and late (1963-90) time periods describe long-term temporal trends in streamflow for most of the 44 long-term stations. Graphical representations of long- and short-term temporal trends are presented for total gaged annual mean streamflow for each of 12 segments dividing the Gulf Coast.

\n

Temporal trends in streamflow were related to major factors that affect streamflow: precipitation, land use, withdrawals of surface water, reservoir operations, and other factors. Low- and highstreamflow periods are related to extremes in precipitation; substantial increases in streamflow are associated with urbanization; decreases in streamflow are coincident with increases in withdrawals of surface water; and increases in minimum streamflows and decreases in maximum streamflows are associated with increases in the number of reservoirs. Other factors (springflow, soil composition, and effluent discharges) affect monthly minimum streamflow for some stations.

\n

Seasonal or monthly distributions of streamflow were determined for each of the 44 long-term stations; months with high or low streamflow are presented for each station. Precipitation is the primary factor that affects the distributions of streamflow. Other factors that affect streamflow distributions include land use in urban areas, withdrawals of surface water for irrigation, and reservoir operation.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri954054","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf of Mexico Program","usgsCitation":"Judd, L.J., 1995, Streamflow to the Gulf of Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4054, iv, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954054.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158751,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4054/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56756,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4054/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.95361328125,\n 33.44977658311846\n ],\n [\n -80.068359375,\n 33.119150226768866\n ],\n [\n -79.8046875,\n 32.7872745269555\n ],\n [\n -80.2001953125,\n 32.47269502206151\n ],\n [\n -80.771484375,\n 32.045332838858506\n ],\n [\n -81.10107421874999,\n 31.39115752282472\n ],\n [\n -81.32080078125,\n 30.883369321692268\n ],\n [\n -81.32080078125,\n 30.467614102257855\n ],\n [\n -80.92529296875,\n 29.32472016151103\n ],\n [\n -80.61767578124999,\n 28.748396571187406\n ],\n [\n -80.419921875,\n 28.632746799225856\n ],\n [\n -80.5078125,\n 28.188243641850313\n ],\n [\n -80.09033203125,\n 27.430289738862594\n ],\n [\n -79.9365234375,\n 26.64745870265938\n ],\n [\n -80.04638671875,\n 25.760319754713887\n ],\n [\n -80.22216796875,\n 25.105497373014686\n ],\n [\n -80.8154296875,\n 24.627044746156027\n ],\n [\n -81.4306640625,\n 24.487148563173438\n ],\n [\n -81.7822265625,\n 24.487148563173438\n ],\n [\n -81.8701171875,\n 24.647017162630366\n ],\n [\n -81.474609375,\n 24.806681353851964\n ],\n [\n -80.771484375,\n 25.045792240303445\n ],\n [\n -81.2548828125,\n 25.065697185535853\n ],\n [\n -81.32080078125,\n 25.24469595130604\n ],\n [\n -81.6064453125,\n 25.720735134412106\n ],\n [\n -81.9140625,\n 25.898761936567023\n ],\n [\n -82.06787109374999,\n 26.41155054662258\n ],\n [\n -82.44140625,\n 26.86328062676624\n ],\n [\n -82.77099609375,\n 27.527758206861886\n ],\n [\n -82.96875,\n 27.877928333679495\n ],\n [\n -82.79296874999999,\n 28.323724553546015\n ],\n [\n -82.77099609375,\n 28.729130483430154\n ],\n [\n -82.85888671875,\n 29.075375179558346\n ],\n [\n -83.14453125,\n 29.171348850951507\n ],\n [\n -83.34228515625,\n 29.32472016151103\n ],\n [\n -83.671875,\n 29.859701442126756\n ],\n [\n -84.00146484374999,\n 29.99300228455108\n ],\n [\n -84.3310546875,\n 29.859701442126756\n ],\n [\n -85.078125,\n 29.53522956294847\n ],\n [\n -85.3857421875,\n 29.649868677972304\n ],\n [\n -85.4736328125,\n 29.878755346037977\n ],\n [\n -85.9130859375,\n 30.14512718337613\n ],\n [\n -86.59423828125,\n 30.278044377800153\n ],\n [\n -87.1875,\n 30.240086360983426\n ],\n [\n -87.62695312499999,\n 30.183121842195515\n ],\n [\n -88.30810546875,\n 30.183121842195515\n ],\n [\n -88.76953125,\n 30.107117887092382\n ],\n [\n -88.92333984375,\n 29.57345707301757\n ],\n [\n -89.1650390625,\n 29.53522956294847\n ],\n [\n -88.9013671875,\n 29.401319510041485\n ],\n [\n -88.92333984375,\n 29.0945770775118\n ],\n [\n -89.296875,\n 28.844673680771795\n ],\n [\n -89.58251953125,\n 29.075375179558346\n ],\n [\n -89.84619140625,\n 29.152161283318915\n ],\n [\n -90.1318359375,\n 28.9600886880068\n ],\n [\n -90.46142578125,\n 29.132970130878636\n ],\n [\n -90.703125,\n 29.036960648558267\n ],\n [\n -91.34033203125,\n 29.0945770775118\n ],\n [\n -91.47216796875,\n 29.267232865200878\n ],\n [\n -92.04345703125,\n 29.420460341013133\n ],\n [\n -92.52685546875,\n 29.458731185355344\n ],\n [\n -93.01025390625,\n 29.554345125748267\n ],\n [\n -93.4716796875,\n 29.554345125748267\n ],\n [\n -93.91113281249999,\n 29.477861195816843\n ],\n [\n -94.54833984375,\n 29.34387539941801\n ],\n [\n -95.11962890625,\n 29.05616970274342\n ],\n [\n -95.86669921875,\n 28.57487404744697\n ],\n [\n -96.50390625,\n 28.188243641850313\n ],\n [\n -97.03125,\n 27.702983735525834\n ],\n [\n -97.294921875,\n 27.176469131898898\n ],\n [\n -97.18505859374999,\n 26.43122806450644\n ],\n [\n -97.09716796875,\n 25.93828707492375\n ],\n [\n -97.470703125,\n 25.799891182088334\n ],\n [\n -97.7783203125,\n 26.017297563851745\n ],\n [\n -98.1298828125,\n 26.017297563851745\n ],\n [\n -98.63525390624999,\n 26.23430203240673\n ],\n [\n -99.07470703125,\n 26.352497858154\n ],\n [\n -99.4482421875,\n 26.96124577052697\n ],\n [\n -99.49218749999999,\n 27.15692045688088\n ],\n [\n -99.51416015625,\n 27.547241546253293\n ],\n [\n -99.82177734375,\n 27.761329874505233\n ],\n [\n -99.95361328125,\n 27.97499795326776\n ],\n [\n -100.0634765625,\n 28.188243641850313\n ],\n [\n -99.95361328125,\n 33.44977658311846\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4cf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Judd, L. J.","contributorId":70807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Judd","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30309,"text":"wri934178 - 1995 - Indicators of the sources and distribution of nitrate in water from shallow domestic wells in agricultural areas of the New Jersey Coastal Plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:02","indexId":"wri934178","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4178","title":"Indicators of the sources and distribution of nitrate in water from shallow domestic wells in agricultural areas of the New Jersey Coastal Plain","docAbstract":"Previously collected and new water-quality data from shallow wells (screened interval less than 30 meters below the land surface) in predominantly agricultural areas of the New Jersey Coastal Plain were used to determine the relation of nitrate concentrations in shallow ground water to various hydrogeologic and land-use factors in the study area. Information on land use, well construction, hydrogeology, and water quality were used to predict the conditions under which concentrations of nitrate as nitrogen in water from domestic wells in predominantly agricultural areas are most likely to be equal to or larger than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 milligrams per liter. Results of the analyses of water-quality samples collected during 1980-89 from 230 shallow wells in the outcrop areas of the Kirkwood-Cohansey and Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer systems were used to evaluate the regional effects of land use on shallow-ground-water quality. Results of statistical analysis indicate that concentrations of nitrate in shallow ground water are significantly different (p= 0.001) in agricultural areas than in undeveloped areas in both aquifer systems. Concentrations of nitrate nitrogen exceeded the MCL in water from more than 33 percent of the 60 shallow wells in agricultural areas. Concentrations of hitrate in water from shallow wells in agricultural areas increased as the percentage of agricultural land within an 800-meter-radius buffer zone of the wellhead increased (r= 0.81). Concentrations ofhitrate in water from domestic wells in agricultural areas were similar (p= 0.23) to those concentrations in water from irrigation wells. These results indicate that most of the nitrate in water from domestic wells in agricultural areas results from agricultural practices rather than other sources, such as septic systems. Water-quality samples collected from 12 shallow domestic wells in agricultural areas screened in the outcrop areas of the Kirkwood-Cohansey and Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer systems were used to evaluate the local effects of hydrogeologic conditions and land-use activities on shallow-ground-water quality. Concentrations of water-quality constituents in these wells were similar among four sampling events over a l-year span. The concentration of hitrate in water from 6 of the 12 wells exceeded the MCL. Concentrations of nitrate greater than the MCL are associated with: values of specific conductance greater than 200 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius, a screened interval whose top is less than 20 meters below land surface, concentrations of dissolved oxygen greater than 6 milligrams per liter, presence of pesticides in the ground water, a distance of less than 250 meters between the wellhead and the surfacewater divide, and presence of livestock near the wellhead. Ratios of stable isotopes of nitrogen in the water samples indicate that the source of hitrate in the ground water was predominantly chemical fertilizers rather than livestock wastes or effluent from septic systems.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S.G.S. Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934178","usgsCitation":"Vowinkel, E.F., and Tapper, R.J., 1995, Indicators of the sources and distribution of nitrate in water from shallow domestic wells in agricultural areas of the New Jersey Coastal Plain: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4178, vii, 48 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934178.","productDescription":"vii, 48 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123947,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4178/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59101,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4178/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f3e4b07f02db5ef6ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vowinkel, Eric F.","contributorId":53788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vowinkel","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tapper, Robert J.","contributorId":107745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tapper","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29155,"text":"wri954009 - 1995 - Surface-geophysical techniques used to detect existing and infilled scour holes near bridge piers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-15T07:01:57","indexId":"wri954009","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4009","title":"Surface-geophysical techniques used to detect existing and infilled scour holes near bridge piers","docAbstract":"Surface-geophysical techniques were used with a position-recording system to study riverbed scour near bridge piers. From May 1989 to May 1993. Fathometers, fixed- and swept-frequency con- tinuous seismic-reflection profiling (CSP) systems, and a ground-penetrating radar (GPR) system were used with a laser-positioning system to measure the depth and extent of existing and infilled scour holes near bridge piers. Equipment was purchased commercially and modified when necessary to interface the components and (or) to improve their performance. Three 200-kHz black-and-white chart- recording Fathometers produced profiles of the riverbed that included existing scour holes and exposed pier footings. The Fathometers were used in conjunction with other geophysical techniques to help interpret the geophysical data. A 20-kHz color Fathometer delineated scour-hole geometry and, in some cases, the thickness of fill material in the hole. The signal provided subbottom information as deep as 10 ft in fine-grained materials and resolved layers of fill material as thin as 1 foot thick. Fixed-frequency and swept-frequency CSP systems were evaluated. The fixed-frequency system used a 3.5-, 7.0-, or 14-kHz signal. The 3.5-kHz signal pene- trated up to 50 ft of fine-grained material and resolved layers as thin as 2.5-ft thick. The 14-kHz signal penetrated up to 20 ft of fine-grained material and resolved layers as thin as 1-ft thick. The swept-frequency systems used a signal that swept from 2- to 16-kHz. With this system, up to 50 ft of penetration was achieved, and fill material as thin as 1 ft was resolved. Scour-hole geometry, exposed pier footings, and fill thickness in scour holes were detected with both CSP systems. The GPR system used an 80-, 100-, or 300-megahertz signal. The technique produced records in water up to 15 ft deep that had a specific conductance less than 200x11ms/cm. The 100-MHz signal penetrated up to 40 ft of resistive granular material and resolved layers as thin as 2-ft thick. Scour-hole geometry, the thickness of fill material in scour holes, and riverbed deposition were detected using this technique. Processing techniques were applied after data collection to assist with the interpretation of the data. Data were transferred from the color Fathometer, CSP, and GPR systems to a personal computer, and a commercially available software package designed to process GPR data was used to process the GPR and CSP data. Digital filtering, predictive-deconvolution, and migration algorithms were applied to some of the data. The processed data were displayed and printed as color amplitude or wiggle-trace plots. These processing methods eased and improved the interpretation of some of the data, but some interference from side echoes from bridge piers and multiple reflections remained in the data. The surface-geophysical techniques were applied at six bridge sites in Connecticut. Each site had different water depths, specific conductance, and riverbed materials. Existing and infilled scour holes, exposed pier footings, and riverbed deposition were detected by the surveys. The interpretations of the geophysical data were confirmed by comparing the data with lithologic and (or) probing data.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri954009","usgsCitation":"Placzek, G., and Haeni, F., 1995, Surface-geophysical techniques used to detect existing and infilled scour holes near bridge piers: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4009, v, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954009.","productDescription":"v, 44 p.","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":2341,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri954009","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":159172,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4009/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58029,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4009/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a82d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Placzek, Gary","contributorId":58295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Placzek","given":"Gary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haeni, F.P.","contributorId":87105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeni","given":"F.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":24482,"text":"ofr95367 - 1995 - Hydrologic data and description of a hydrologic monitoring plan for the Borax Lake area, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T09:55:46","indexId":"ofr95367","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-367","title":"Hydrologic data and description of a hydrologic monitoring plan for the Borax Lake area, Oregon","docAbstract":"

Borax Lake is located in southeastern Oregon, within the Alvord Valley Known Geothermal Resource Area. Borax Lake is a large hot spring; there are more than 50 smaller hot springs within about one-half mile to the north of the lake. Several geothermal exploration wells have been drilled near Borax Lake, and there is concern that development of the geothermal resources could affect the lake and nearby hot springs. A factor to consider in developing the resource is that the Borax Lake chub is an endangered species of fish that is found exclusively in Borax Lake.

\n

This study was designed to collect basic hydrologic data to develop a long-term monitoring plan. Baseline data, collected before geothermal production wells are used extensively, will provide an understanding of natural trends and will help identify change caused by development.

\n

Basic data collected during reconnaissance field visits to the area included spring temperatures, specific conductances, and discharge; field measurements in wells included water-level measurements and temperature, specific conductance, and discharge measurements in flowing wells. The study of the Borax Lake area included depth and temperature measurements in the vent area of the lake, point velocity measurements, underwater video photography, and an evaluation of methods to measure discharge from the lake. Water-quality samples were collected at Borax Lake, one hot spring, and one flowing well.

\n

Information from field visits was used to develop a monitoring plan. The plan would include monitoring Borax Lake by measuring discharge, stage, evaporation, temperature, and specific conductance; water-quality sampling and analysis; and monitoring shallow ground-water levels near Borax Lake using shallow piezometers. Minimally, one hot spring in North Borax Lake Spring Group 1 would be monitored for temperature and specific conductance and sampled for water-quality analysis. In addition, two flowing wells would be monitored for water levels, temperature, specific conductance, and discharge and sampled for water-quality analysis. The construction characteristics of these wells must be verified before long-term data collection begins. In the future, it may be helpful to monitor shallow and (or) deep observation wells drilled into the thermal aquifer to understand the possible effects of geothermal development on Borax Lake and nearby springs.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","doi":"10.3133/ofr95367","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Schneider, T.R., and McFarland, W.D., 1995, Hydrologic data and description of a hydrologic monitoring plan for the Borax Lake area, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-367, vi, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95367.","productDescription":"vi, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"31","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156515,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0367/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53550,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0367/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"416.33 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Borax Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.62419128417969,\n 42.24834342196849\n ],\n [\n -118.62419128417969,\n 42.58190526622942\n ],\n [\n -118.30627441406249,\n 42.58190526622942\n ],\n [\n -118.30627441406249,\n 42.24834342196849\n ],\n [\n -118.62419128417969,\n 42.24834342196849\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fb22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schneider, Tiffany Rae","contributorId":52610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Tiffany","email":"","middleInitial":"Rae","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McFarland, William D.","contributorId":18738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McFarland","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29531,"text":"wri934135 - 1995 - Hydrology of Laguna Joyuda, Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:57","indexId":"wri934135","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4135","title":"Hydrology of Laguna Joyuda, Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"A study was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey to define the hydraulic and hydrologic characteristics of the Laguna Joyuda system (in southwestern Puerto Rico) and to determine the water budget of the lagoon. This shallow-water lagoon is connected to the sea by a single canal. Rainfall and evaporation, surface-water, groundwater, and tidal-flow data were collected from December 1, 1985, to April 30, 1988. A conceptual hydrologic model of the lagoon was developed and discharge measurements and modeling were undertaken to quantify the different flow components. The water balance during the 29-month study period was determined by measuring and estimating the different hydrologic components: 4.14 million cubic meters rainfall; 5.38 million cubic meters evaporation; 1.1 8 million cubic meters surface water; and 0.34 million cubic meters ground water. A total of 18.9 million cubic meters ebb flow (tidal outflow) was discharged from the lagoon and 14.4 million cubic meters flood flow (tidal inflow) entered through the canal during the study. Seawater inflow accounted for 71 percent of the water into the lagoon. The storage volume of the lagoon was about 1.55 million cubic meters. The lagoon's hydrologic-budget residual was 4.22 million cubic meters, whereas the sum of the estimated errors for the different hydrologic components amounted to 4.51 million cubic meters. Average flushing rate for the lagoon was estimated at 72 days. During the study, the specific conductance of the lagoon water ranged from 32,000 to 52,000 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius, whereas the specific conductance of local seawater is about 45,000 to 55,000 microsiemens.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934135","usgsCitation":"Santiago-Rivera, L., and Quinones-Aponte, V., 1995, Hydrology of Laguna Joyuda, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4135, v, 26 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934135.","productDescription":"v, 26 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119418,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4135/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58368,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4135/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a28ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Santiago-Rivera, Luis","contributorId":83888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santiago-Rivera","given":"Luis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quinones-Aponte, Vicente","contributorId":48552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinones-Aponte","given":"Vicente","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":24262,"text":"ofr95639 - 1995 - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory summary 94, Part III; Electronic tilt data, January to December 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:59","indexId":"ofr95639","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-639","title":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory summary 94, Part III; Electronic tilt data, January to December 1994","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr95639","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Puniwai, G.S., and Largo, A.J., 1995, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory summary 94, Part III; Electronic tilt data, January to December 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-639, 26 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95639.","productDescription":"26 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155057,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0639/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53389,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0639/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63f182","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Puniwai, G. S.","contributorId":48588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puniwai","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Largo, A. J.","contributorId":29001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Largo","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30281,"text":"wri944086 - 1995 - Water-quality assessment of the Trinity River Basin, Texas— Analysis of available information on nutrients and suspended sediment, 1974-91","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-03T21:54:20.971195","indexId":"wri944086","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4086","title":"Water-quality assessment of the Trinity River Basin, Texas— Analysis of available information on nutrients and suspended sediment, 1974-91","docAbstract":"

The U.S. Geological Survey is conducting an assessment of water quality in the Trinity River Basin as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program. During the planning phase of this study, existing information on nutrients and suspended sediment was compiled and analyzed. A total of about 5,700 water-quality samples were analyzed from local, State, and Federal agencies. Of these, about 4,200 were from streams and about 1,500 were from wells. Additionally, atmospheric deposition data for two locations were obtained and analyzed.

\n

Spatial variations in nutrient concentrations in streams are related primarily to point sources and reservoirs. Median total nitrogen concentrations downstream from major point sources, downstream from reservoirs, and on tributaries were 6.0, 1.3, and 2.4 milligrams per liter, respectively. Median total phosphorus concentrations for the same three settings were 1.6, O. 1, and 0.2 milligrams per liter, respectively. The largest concentrations occurred at low flow downstream from Dallas, Texas, when streamflow dominated by treated wastewater from point sources. The smallest concentrations occurred immediately downstream from reservoirs, which act as sinks for nutrients. Nutrient concentrations in agricultural areas were positively correlated to percent of drainage in agricultural land use and to discharge, indicating washoff of nutrients from nonpoint sources during storms.

\n

As with concentrations, nutrient loads were related to the presence of point sources and reservoirs. Loads increased substantially in the Dallas-Fort Worth area with the addition of nutrients from point sources; loads decreased substantially as flow passed through Livingston Reservoir.

\n

Concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus did not change significantly, at the 95 percent confidence level, from 1974 to 1991 at most sites. The exception was a decrease in phosphorus concentrations at two sites downstream from major wastewater-treatment plants in the Dallas area. Concentrations of organic nitrogen and ammonia declined and concentrations of nitrite plus nitrate increased at sites below major wastewater-treatment plants. These changes are indicative of improvements in wastewater treatment that converts organic nitrogen and ammonia to nitrite and finally nitrate. Because nitrogen conversion reactions consume oxygen, the occurrence of these reactions at the treatment plants instead of in the streams resulted in reduced loading of biochemical oxygen demand to the streams.

\n

The only nutrient measured in ground water was nitrate. Nitrate concentrations varied by aquifer with the largest median concentrations in the Queen City and Nacatoch aquifers. There was a significant rank correlation between nitrate concentrations and depth of well for all seven aquifer groups sampled, with largest concentrations present in shallow wells. The large concentrations could result from nonpoint sources of nitrate associated with agricultural and urban land use; however, attempts to correlate nitrogen fertilizer application rates and agricultural land use to concentrations of nitrate in ground water were inconclusive.

\n

Only limited suspended-sediment data were available. Four sites had daily sediment-discharge records for three or more water years (October 1 to September 30) between 1974 and 1985. An additional three sites had periodic measurements of suspended-sediment concentrations. There are differences in concentrations and yields among sites; however, the limited amount of data precludes developing statistical or cause-and-effect relations with environmental factors such as land use, soil, and geology. Data are sufficient, and the relation is pronounced enough, to indicate trapping of suspended sediment by Livingston Reservoir.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri944086","usgsCitation":"Van Metre, P., and Reutter, D., 1995, Water-quality assessment of the Trinity River Basin, Texas— Analysis of available information on nutrients and suspended sediment, 1974-91: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4086, vii, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944086.","productDescription":"vii, 71 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":391369,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48194.htm"},{"id":59070,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4086/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159685,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4086/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Trinity River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98,\n 29.6667\n ],\n [\n -94,\n 29.6667\n ],\n [\n -94,\n 33.7283\n ],\n [\n -98,\n 33.7283\n ],\n [\n -98,\n 29.6667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd010","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Metre, Peter C.","contributorId":34104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"Peter C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reutter, David C. dreutter@usgs.gov","contributorId":5441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reutter","given":"David C.","email":"dreutter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":202979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31930,"text":"ofr95675B - 1995 - Time-domain geoelectric soundings in Jackson Hole, Wyoming; Part B, Data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:17","indexId":"ofr95675B","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-675","chapter":"B","title":"Time-domain geoelectric soundings in Jackson Hole, Wyoming; Part B, Data","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr95675B","usgsCitation":"Campbell, D.L., and Nolan, B.T., 1995, Time-domain geoelectric soundings in Jackson Hole, Wyoming; Part B, Data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-675, 93 p.; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95675B.","productDescription":"93 p.; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163811,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0675b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60088,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0675b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b5b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, David L.","contributorId":95447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nolan, B. Thomas 0000-0002-6945-9659","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6945-9659","contributorId":8905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolan","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":207288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":21717,"text":"ofr95650 - 1995 - Data report for onshore-offshore wide-angle seismic recordings in the Bering-Chukchi Sea, Western Alaska and eastern Siberia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-02T12:32:57","indexId":"ofr95650","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-650","title":"Data report for onshore-offshore wide-angle seismic recordings in the Bering-Chukchi Sea, Western Alaska and eastern Siberia","docAbstract":"

This report presents fourteen deep-crustal wide-angle seismic reflection and refraction profiles recorded onland in western Alaska and eastern Siberia from marine air gun sources in the Bering-Chukchi Seas. During a 20-day period in August, 1994, the R/V Ewing acquired two long (a total of 3754 km) deep-crustal seismic-reflection profiles on the continental shelf of the Bering and Chukchi Seas, in a collaborative project between Stanford University and the United States Geological Survey (USGS). The Ewing's 137.7 liter (8355 cu. in.) air gun array was the source for both the multichannel reflection and the wide-angle seismic data. The Ewing, operated by the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, steamed northward from Nunivak Island to Barrow, and returned, firing the air gun array at intervals of either 50 m or 75 m. About 37,700 air gun shots were fired along the northward directed Lines 1 and 2, and more than 40,000 air gun shots were fired along the southward directed Line 3. The USGS and the University of Alaska, Fairbanks (UAF), deployed an array of twelve 3-component REFTEK and PDAS recorders in western Alaska and eastern Siberia which continuously recorded the air gun signals fired during the northward bound Lines 1 and 2. Seven of these recorders also continuously recorded the southward bound Line 3. These wide-angle seismic data were acquired to: (1) image reflectors in the upper to lower crust, (2) determine crustal and upper mantle refraction velocities, and (3) provide important constraints on the geometry of the Moho along the seismic lines. In this report, we describe the land recording of wide-angle data conducted by the USGS and the UAF, describe in detail how the wide-angle REFTEK and PDAS data were reduced to common receiver gather seismic sections, and illustrate the wide-angle seismic data obtained by the REFTEKs and PDAS's. Air gun signals were observed to ranges in excess of 400 km, and crustal and upper /mantle refractions indicate substantial variation in the crustal thickness along the transect.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95650","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Brocher, T.M., Allen, R.M., Stone, D.B., Wolf, L.W., and Galloway, B.K., 1995, Data report for onshore-offshore wide-angle seismic recordings in the Bering-Chukchi Sea, Western Alaska and eastern Siberia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-650, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95650.","productDescription":"57 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154559,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0650/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51244,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0650/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"13.89.MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -175,\n 64\n ],\n [\n -158,\n 64\n ],\n [\n -158,\n 72\n ],\n [\n -175,\n 72\n ],\n [\n -175,\n 64\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679d9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brocher, Thomas M. 0000-0002-9740-839X brocher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"Thomas","email":"brocher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":185395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Richard M.","contributorId":139575,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6609,"text":"UC Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":185393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stone, David B.","contributorId":193572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stone","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wolf, Lorraine W.","contributorId":72817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wolf","given":"Lorraine","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Galloway, Brian K.","contributorId":63418,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Galloway","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":21628,"text":"ofr95661 - 1995 - A bibliographic database of geologic hazards publications in Northern California on the World Wide Web","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:59","indexId":"ofr95661","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-661","title":"A bibliographic database of geologic hazards publications in Northern California on the World Wide Web","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr95661","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Schott, R.C., 1995, A bibliographic database of geologic hazards publications in Northern California on the World Wide Web: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-661, 6 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95661.","productDescription":"6 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155217,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0661/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51186,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0661/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4972e4b0b290850ef2da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schott, R. C. (compiler)","contributorId":8502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schott","given":"R.","suffix":"(compiler)","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":22460,"text":"ofr95663 - 1995 - Geotechnical data from surface and subsurface samples outside of and within liquefaction-related ground failures caused by the October 17, 1989, Loma Prieta earthquake, Santa Cruz and Monterey counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:02","indexId":"ofr95663","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-663","title":"Geotechnical data from surface and subsurface samples outside of and within liquefaction-related ground failures caused by the October 17, 1989, Loma Prieta earthquake, Santa Cruz and Monterey counties, California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr95663","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Bennett, M., and Tinsley, J.C., 1995, Geotechnical data from surface and subsurface samples outside of and within liquefaction-related ground failures caused by the October 17, 1989, Loma Prieta earthquake, Santa Cruz and Monterey counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-663, 358 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95663.","productDescription":"358 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155895,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0663/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51982,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0663/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b2d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennett, M.J.","contributorId":67504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tinsley, J. C. III","contributorId":39777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinsley","given":"J.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26121,"text":"wri954041 - 1995 - Use of surface and borehole geophysics to delineate the glacial-drift stratigraphy of northeastern St. Joseph County, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:29","indexId":"wri954041","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4041","title":"Use of surface and borehole geophysics to delineate the glacial-drift stratigraphy of northeastern St. Joseph County, Indiana","docAbstract":"Inverse models of direct current electrical- resistivity sounding data and normal-resistivity and natural-gamma logs were used to assist delineation of the glacial-drift stratigraphy in a 580-square- kilometer area of northeastern St. Joseph County, Indiana. Unconsolidated deposits in the study area are composed of glacial-drift, including outwash, till, and lacustrine sediments; thicknesses range from about 15 to more than 70 meters. The glacial outwash deposits are mostly composed of sand and gravel and are the primary source of drinking water to northeastern St. Joseph County. The glacial till and glacio-lacustrine deposits contain a larger fraction of clay than the outwash deposits and may retard ground-water flow between shallow and deeper sand and gravel aquifers. Results of the geophysical measurements collected during this study indicate that glacial-drift deposits in the area north and east of the St. Joseph River are mostly composed of sand and gravel with inter-layered clay-rich deposits that are laterally discontinuous. In the area south of the St. Joseph River, the thickness of sand and gravel deposits diminishes, and clay-rich deposits dominate the stratigraphy. The presence of an electrically conductive bedrock, the Ellsworth Shale, beneath the glacial-drift deposits is identified in inverse models of direct current electrical-resistivity sounding data.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri954041","usgsCitation":"Bayless, E.R., Westjohn, D.B., and Watson, L.R., 1995, Use of surface and borehole geophysics to delineate the glacial-drift stratigraphy of northeastern St. Joseph County, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4041, iv, 42 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954041.","productDescription":"iv, 42 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157825,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4041/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54924,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4041/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db6920be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bayless, E. Randall 0000-0002-0357-3635","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0357-3635","contributorId":42586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayless","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Randall","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":195851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Westjohn, David B.","contributorId":84401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westjohn","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Watson, Lee R.","contributorId":83545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":24679,"text":"ofr95419 - 1995 - Surface water discharge and evapotranspiration rates for grass and bare soil along a reach of the Rio Grande, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 1989-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:21","indexId":"ofr95419","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-419","title":"Surface water discharge and evapotranspiration rates for grass and bare soil along a reach of the Rio Grande, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 1989-95","docAbstract":"The surface-water hydrologic system of the Rio Grande in the\r\nAlbuquerque, New Mexico, area is composed of the Rio Grande; \r\nirrigation drains, laterals, canals, and ditches; evapotranspiration; \r\nand ground-water recharge. Two east-west cross sections were \r\nestablished to measure surface water entering the study area (north \r\nsection) and exiting the study area (south section). Data for the \r\ncalculation of surface-water discharge were collected once every 4 \r\nto 8 weeks from August 1989 through February 1995. Discharge of the \r\nRio Grande at the north section ranged from 22 to 5,900 cubic feet per\r\nsecond. Discharge of the Rio Grande at the south section ranged from \r\n21 to 6,060 cubic feet per second.\r\n\r\n Data from six areas (three grass-covered areas and three\r\nbare-soil areas) were collected for the calculation of \r\nevapotranspiration rates from February 1990 through August 1991.\r\nThe evapotranspiration rate from the grass-covered areas ranged \r\nfrom 0.15 to 4.7 millimeters per day; the evapotranspiration rate\r\nfrom the bare-soil areas ranged from 0.13 to 6.4 millimeters per\r\nday.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, [Water Resources Division, New Mexico District] ;","doi":"10.3133/ofr95419","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Thorn, C.R., 1995, Surface water discharge and evapotranspiration rates for grass and bare soil along a reach of the Rio Grande, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 1989-95: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-419, iv, 23 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95419.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157756,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0419/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53702,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0419/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db698226","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorn, C. R.","contributorId":100879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorn","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24955,"text":"ofr95721 - 1995 - Isopachs of Quaternary deposits, Fremont 1- by 2- degree Quadrangle and part of Omaha Quadrangle, Nebraska, digitized from a published 1:250,000-scale geologic map","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-17T14:59:38","indexId":"ofr95721","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-721","title":"Isopachs of Quaternary deposits, Fremont 1- by 2- degree Quadrangle and part of Omaha Quadrangle, Nebraska, digitized from a published 1:250,000-scale geologic map","docAbstract":"A geologic map showing the isopachs of Quaternary deposits in the Fremont and part of the Omaha, Nebraska, 1- by 2-degree quadrangles was published at a scale of 1:250,000 in 1975 (Burchett and others, 1975). This report describes the conversion of Quaternary thickness data into a digital geographic data set. A film separation of the published isopachs was scan-digitized and processed to produce digital geographic data. Geographic feature attributes and data-set documentation also are included in the digital data set. The digital data set are formatted for distribution with accordance with the Spatial Data Transfer Standard approved by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr95721","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Zelt, R.B., and Patton, E., 1995, Isopachs of Quaternary deposits, Fremont 1- by 2- degree Quadrangle and part of Omaha Quadrangle, Nebraska, digitized from a published 1:250,000-scale geologic map (Diskette version.): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-721, 1 computer disk ;3 1/2 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95721.","productDescription":"1 computer disk ;3 1/2 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157330,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277676,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0721/application.zip"}],"edition":"Diskette version.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db6670ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zelt, R. B.","contributorId":34913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zelt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Patton, E.J.","contributorId":67549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patton","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30564,"text":"wri924157 - 1995 - Computation of bedrock-aquifer recharge in northern Westchester County, New York, and chemical quality of water from selected bedrock wells","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:59","indexId":"wri924157","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4157","title":"Computation of bedrock-aquifer recharge in northern Westchester County, New York, and chemical quality of water from selected bedrock wells","docAbstract":"An empirical technique was used to calculate the recharge to bedrock aquifers in northern Westchester County. This method requires delineation of ground-water divides within the aquifer area and values for (1) the extent of till and exposed bedrock within the aquifer area, and (2) mean annual runoff. This report contains maps and data needed for calculation of recharge in any given area within the 165square-mile study area. Recharge was computed by this technique for a 93-square-mile part of the study area and used a ground-water-flow model to evaluate the reliability of the method. A two-layer, steady-state model of the selected area was calibrated. The area consists predominantly of bedrock overlain by small localized deposits of till and stratified drill Ground-water-level and streamflow data collected in mid-November 1987 were used for model calibration. The data set approximates average annual conditions. The model was calibrated from (1) estimates of recharge as computed through the empirical technique, and (2) a range of values for hydrologic properties derived from aquifer tests and published literature. Recharge values used for model simulation appear to be reasonable for average steady-state conditions. Water-quality data were collected from 53 selected bedrock wells throughout northern Westchester County to define the background ground-water quality. The constituents and properties for which samples were analyzed included major cations and anions, temperature, pH, specific conductance, and hardness. Results indicate little difference in water quality among the bedrock aquifers within the study area. Ground water is mainly the calcium-bicarbonate type and is moderately hard. Average concentrations of sodium, sulfate, chloride, nitrate, iron, and manganese were within acceptable limits established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for domestic water supply.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S.G.S. Books and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri924157","usgsCitation":"Wolcott, S.W., and Snow, R.F., 1995, Computation of bedrock-aquifer recharge in northern Westchester County, New York, and chemical quality of water from selected bedrock wells: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4157, viii, 57 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924157.","productDescription":"viii, 57 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123666,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4157/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59329,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4157/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d51d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolcott, Stephen W.","contributorId":93458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolcott","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Snow, Robert F.","contributorId":87180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snow","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29416,"text":"wri944249 - 1995 - Hydrogeology of the North Coast Limestone aquifer system of Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:57","indexId":"wri944249","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4249","title":"Hydrogeology of the North Coast Limestone aquifer system of Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"The North Coast Limestone aquifer system of Puerto Rico is composed of three regional hydrogeologic units: an upper aquifer that contains an underlying saltwater zone near the coast, a middle confining unit, and a lower aquifer. The upper aquifer is unconfined, except in coastal areas where it is locally confined by fine-grained surficial deposits. The upper aquifer is mostly absent in the Rio Piedras area of northeastern Puerto Rico. The confining unit is composed of calcareous claystone, marl, chalky and silicified limestone, and locally clayey fine-grained sandstone. Test hole data indicate that the confining unit is locally leaky in the San Juan metropolitan area. An artesian zone of limited areal extent exists within the middle confining unit, in the central part of the study area. The lower aquifer mostly contains ground water under confined conditions except in the outcrop areas, where it is unconfined. The lower aquifer is thickest and most transmissive in the north-central part of the study area. Water in the lower aquifer is fresh throughout much of the area, but is brackish in some areas near San Juan and Guaynabo. West of the Rio Grande de Arecibo, the extent of the lower aquifer is uncertain. Data are insufficient to determine whether or not the existing multiple water-bearing units in this area are an extension of the more productive lower aquifer in the Manati to Arecibo area. Zones of moderate permeability exist within small lenses of volcanic conglomerate and sandstone of the San Sebastian Formation, but in general this formation is not a productive aquifer. Transmissivity values for the upper aquifer range from 200 to more than 280,000 feet squared per day. The transmissivity values for the upper aquifer generally are highest in the area between the Rio de la Plata and Rio Grande de Arecibo, where transmissivity values have been reported to exceed 100,000 feet squared per day in six locations. Transmissivity estimates for the lower aquifer are highest in north central Puerto Rico, where the Lares Limestone and the Montebello Limestone Member of the Cibao Formation have transmissivities as high as 500 and 3,600 feet squared per day, respectively.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944249","usgsCitation":"Rodríguez-Martínez, J., 1995, Hydrogeology of the North Coast Limestone aquifer system of Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4249, v, 22 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944249.","productDescription":"v, 22 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119405,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4249/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58265,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4249/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a05e4b07f02db5f87ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodríguez-Martínez, Jesús","contributorId":48149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodríguez-Martínez","given":"Jesús","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":23626,"text":"ofr95385 - 1995 - Ground-water-quality and ground-water-level data, Bernalillo County, central New Mexico, 1990-1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:00","indexId":"ofr95385","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-385","title":"Ground-water-quality and ground-water-level data, Bernalillo County, central New Mexico, 1990-1993","docAbstract":"Ground-water-quality and ground-water-level data were \r\ncollected in four unincorporated areas of Bernalillo County \r\nduring 1990-93. Twenty wells in the east mountain area of \r\nBernalillo County were sampled approximately monthly between \r\nJanuary 1990 and June 1993. The water samples were analyzed for \r\nconcentrations of chloride and selected nutrient species; many of\r\nthe samples also were analyzed for concentrations of total \r\norganic carbon and dissolved boron and iron. Eleven wells \r\nnortheast of the city of Albuquerque, 20 wells in the Rio Grande\r\nValley immediately north of Albuquerque, and 30 wells in the Rio\r\nGrande Valley immediately south of Albuquerque were sampled once\r\neach between December 1992 and September 1993; all water samples\r\nwere analyzed for chloride and selected nutrient species, and \r\nselected samples from wells in the north and south valley areas \r\nwere also analyzed for major dissolved constituents, iron, \r\nmanganese, and methylene blue active substances. Samples from 10\r\nof the wells in the north and south valley areas were analyzed\r\nfor 47 selected pesticides. Field measurements of specific \r\nconductance, pH, temperature, and alkalinity were made on most \r\nsamples at the time of sample collection. Water levels also were\r\nmeasured at the time of sample collection when possible. Results\r\nof the monthly water-quality and water-level monitoring in the \r\neast mountain area of Bernalillo County are presented in \r\ngraphical form. Water-quality and water-level data collected from\r\nthe other areas are presented in tabular form.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, [Water Resources Division, New Mexico District] ;","doi":"10.3133/ofr95385","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Kues, G., and Garcia, B., 1995, Ground-water-quality and ground-water-level data, Bernalillo County, central New Mexico, 1990-1993: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-385, iv, 76 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95385.","productDescription":"iv, 76 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154914,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0385/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52903,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0385/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65a150","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kues, G.E.","contributorId":45722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kues","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garcia, B.M.","contributorId":64683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28467,"text":"wri954049 - 1995 - Hydrogeology and water quality of the Mississippi River alluvium near Muscatine, Iowa, June 1992 through June 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-25T16:45:56","indexId":"wri954049","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4049","title":"Hydrogeology and water quality of the Mississippi River alluvium near Muscatine, Iowa, June 1992 through June 1994","docAbstract":"

A study of the Mississippi River alluvium near Muscatine, Iowa, was conducted to evaluate ground-water flow and water quality using data collected from June 1992 through June 1994. The study area included approximately 80 square miles in parts of Muscatine and Louisa Counties in Iowa and Rock Island and Mercer Counties in Illinois.

\n

A steady-state, ground-water flow model was constructed using February 1993 hydrologic conditions. Model results indicate that drawdown in the lower alluvium caused by the pumping centers in Iowa extends beneath the Muscatine Slough in the northwest part of the study area and beneath the Mississippi River in the central and northern parts of the area. The primary sources of ground water in the alluvium are recharge from precipitation, leakage from the Mississippi River, and infiltration of upland runoff. The bedrock is not a major contributor of ground water to the alluvium.

\n

The areal distribution of selected water-quality properties and constituents in ground water results from several factors. Localized large chloride and nitrite-plus-nitrate nitrogen concentrations could be indicative of contamination from human activity. Specific conductance and calcium, magnesium, and sulfate concentrations are larger in ground water near the boundary between the river valley and upland area and could result from infiltration of upland runoff or lithologic differences in the alluvium. Large iron or manganese concentrations occur in the ground water near the Mississippi River and Muscatine Slough that result from microbial processes and the presence of dissolved organic carbon.

\n

Temporal variations of concentrations for selected water-quality constituents in groundwater samples attest to the dynamic nature of the ground-water system as it responds to natural and human-induced changes in water quality. Leakage from the Mississippi River affects ground-water quality in the alluvium adjacent to the river. Temporal variations in water quality of the Mississippi River can be caused by seasonally, amount of discharge, or upstream human activities.

\n

The quality of ground water induced from discrete zones of the alluvium by the pumping centers in Iowa has implications for the entire ground-water resource. The ground-water flow model calculated that 10 percent of the water that enters the zone of active pumping on the Iowa side of the Mississippi River originates from the zone west and north of Muscatine Slough, and that 5.2 percent originates from the zone on the Illinois side of the Mississippi River east of the center of the river channel.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City, IA","doi":"10.3133/wri954049","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Muscatine Power and Water, Muscatine, Iowa","usgsCitation":"Lucey, K., Kuzniar, R., and Caldwell, J., 1995, Hydrogeology and water quality of the Mississippi River alluvium near Muscatine, Iowa, June 1992 through June 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4049, Report: vi, 74 p.; 1 plate: 30.39 x 40.43 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954049.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 74 p.; 1 plate: 30.39 x 40.43 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57269,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4049/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123670,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4049/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":355976,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4049/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Iowa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.19270324707031,\n 41.22876543240588\n ],\n [\n -91.19270324707031,\n 41.44118219439961\n ],\n [\n -90.99014282226562,\n 41.44118219439961\n ],\n [\n -90.99014282226562,\n 41.22876543240588\n ],\n [\n -91.19270324707031,\n 41.22876543240588\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685325","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucey, K.J.","contributorId":70002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucey","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuzniar, R.L.","contributorId":44558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuzniar","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Caldwell, J.P.","contributorId":83496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":22201,"text":"ofr9596 - 1995 - The surface of crystalline basement, Great Valley and Sierra Nevada, California: A digital map database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-02T10:34:02","indexId":"ofr9596","displayToPublicDate":"1996-04-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-96","title":"The surface of crystalline basement, Great Valley and Sierra Nevada, California: A digital map database","docAbstract":"Crystalline basement in central California extends westward from the exposed Sierra Nevada beneath the sedimentary fill of the Great Valley and under the eastern edge of the Coast Ranges at mid-crustal depth. The surface of this basement is defined from three types of control: in the Sierra Nevada from the topography itself, beneath the eastern two thirds of the Great Valley in considerable detail from numerous wells drilled for oil and gas, and beneath the western San Joaquin Valley in less detail from seismic reflection and refraction profiles. Together, these data demonstrate that the surface of crystalline rock is continuous from the exposed rock in the mountains to the top of high-velocity rock buried deep beneath the eastern front of the southern Coast Ranges. This report presents a compilation of data through 1985 that define the surface of this crystalline basement, a contour map of the surface, and the lithology of the basement rock sampled by many of the wells. The compilation was begun as part of the investigation of the 1983 Coalinga earthquake, and was subsequently converted to digital form and extended to the whole of the Great Valley and Sierra Nevada. The main purpose was to explore and document the shape and continuity of the basement surface and to determine the relation of the surface to the tectonic wedge hypothesis (Wentworth and others, 1984; Wentworth and Zoback, 1989). Available basement samples from wells - principally the thin-section collection of May and Hewitt (1948) preserved by the California Academy of Sciences - were also reexamined by cooperating petrologists in an effort to distinguish wells that bottomed in ophiolitic rocks.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr9596","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Wentworth, C.M., Fisher, G., Levine, P., and Jachens, R.C., 1995, The surface of crystalline basement, Great Valley and Sierra Nevada, California: A digital map database (Version 1.1; Version 1.11, Revised June 2012): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-96, 18 p.; Figure 1 JPEG; ReadMe TXT File; Digital Database Package Zip File, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9596.","productDescription":"18 p.; Figure 1 JPEG; ReadMe TXT File; Digital Database Package Zip File","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1983-01-01","temporalEnd":"1985-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156563,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_95_96.jpg"},{"id":10462,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/96/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Coast Ranges;Great Valley;Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.4,32.5 ], [ -124.4,42 ], [ -114.13333333333334,42 ], [ -114.13333333333334,32.5 ], [ -124.4,32.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.1; Version 1.11, Revised June 2012","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65da72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wentworth, Carl M. 0000-0003-2569-569X cwent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-569X","contributorId":1178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wentworth","given":"Carl","email":"cwent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":187587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, G. Reid","contributorId":42618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"G. Reid","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Levine, Paia","contributorId":23154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levine","given":"Paia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jachens, Robert C. jachens@usgs.gov","contributorId":1180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"Robert","email":"jachens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":187588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}