{"pageNumber":"1318","pageRowStart":"32925","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46734,"records":[{"id":23878,"text":"ofr95337 - 1995 - Simulation of the water-table altitude in the Biscayne Aquifer, southern Dade County, Florida, water years 1945-89","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":23878,"text":"ofr95337 - 1995 - Simulation of the water-table altitude in the Biscayne Aquifer, southern Dade County, Florida, water years 1945-89","indexId":"ofr95337","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Simulation of the water-table altitude in the Biscayne Aquifer, southern Dade County, Florida, water years 1945-89"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2302,"text":"wsp2458 - 1997 - Simulation of the water-table altitude in the Biscayne Aquifer, southern Dade County, Florida, water years 1945-89","indexId":"wsp2458","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"Simulation of the water-table altitude in the Biscayne Aquifer, southern Dade County, Florida, water years 1945-89"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":2302,"text":"wsp2458 - 1997 - Simulation of the water-table altitude in the Biscayne Aquifer, southern Dade County, Florida, water years 1945-89","indexId":"wsp2458","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"Simulation of the water-table altitude in the Biscayne Aquifer, southern Dade County, Florida, water years 1945-89"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:02","indexId":"ofr95337","displayToPublicDate":"1996-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-337","title":"Simulation of the water-table altitude in the Biscayne Aquifer, southern Dade County, Florida, water years 1945-89","docAbstract":"A digital model of the flow system in the highly permeable surficial aquifer of southern Dade County, Florida, was constructed for the purposes of better understanding processes that influence the flow system and of supporting the construction of a subregional model of the transport of brackish water from a flowing artesian well. Problems that needed resolution in this endeavor included the development of methods to represent the influence of flowing surface water in seasonally inundated wetlands and the influence of a network of controlled canals developed in stages during the simulation time period (water years 1945-89). An additional problem was the general lack of natural aquifer boundaries near the boundaries of the study area. The model construction was based on a conceptual description of the Biscayne aquifer developed from the results of previous U.S. Geological Survey investigations. Modifications were made to an existing three- dimensional finite-difference simulator of ground- water flow to enable an upper layer of the grid to represent seasonally occurring overland sheetflow in a series of transient simulations of water levels from 1945 to 1989. A rewetting procedure was developed for the simulator that permitted resaturation of cells in this layer when the wet season recurred. An "equivalent hydraulic conductivity" coefficient was assigned to the overland flow layer that was analogous, subject to various approximations, to the use of the Manning equation. The surficial semiconfining peat and marl layers, levees, canals, and control structures were also represented as part of the model grid with the appropriate choices of hydraulic coefficient values. For most of the Biscayne aquifer grid cells, the value assigned to hydraulic conductivity for model calibration was 30,000 feet per day and the value assigned to porosity was 20 percent. Boundary conditions were specified near data sites having long-term records of surface-water stages or water-table altitudes, and modifications to the simulator permitted the specification of time- varying pressures at boundary grid cells. Rainfall data from a station in Homestead generally were used as an areally uniform rainfall specification throughout the modeled region. Maximum evapotranspiration rates ranged seasonally from a minimum of 0.08 inch per day in January to a maximum of 0.21 inch per day between June and October. Shallow-root and deep-root zone depths for the evaportranspiration calculation were 3 and 20 feet in the coastal ridge and were 0.10 and 5 feet in the glades regions where peat and marl covers occurred. Results of sensitivity analyses indicated that the simulations of stages and water levels were relatively unresponsive to 50 percent changes in aquifer hydraulic conductivity, porosity, and the equivalent hydraulic conductivity of overland flow. However, 20 percent changes in rainfall and maximum evapotranspiration rates produced significantly different water levels, as did interchange of coastal ridge and glades deep-root zone (extinction) depths. Water levels were simulated very well at most measurement sites. Sensitivity analyses illustrated the significant influence of the uncontrolled agricultural drainage canals on pre- 1968 regional water levels and the further influence of Black Creek Canal in draining a region of high water after 1961. Other analyses indicated that the flood-control system of 1968-82 lowered peak water levels in the affected region by as much as 1.5 feet in the wet summers of 1968, 1969, and 1981, and that Levee 67 Extended channeled flows from the S-12 spillway structures and raised overland flow stages in Shark River Slough. Hypothetical scenarios of well-field pumping in the vicinity of Levee 31N indicated that the pumping induced a significant amount of recharge from the adjacent borrow canal, the degree of which depended on the distance between the canal and the well field. The computed ratio of evapotranspiration to ra","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95337","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Merritt, M.L., 1995, Simulation of the water-table altitude in the Biscayne Aquifer, southern Dade County, Florida, water years 1945-89: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-337, 160 p.  :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95337.","productDescription":"160 p.  :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155854,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f1d26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merritt, M. L.","contributorId":47401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merritt","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":22889,"text":"ofr95425 - 1995 - Water-quality and hydrologic conditions at a site of ground-water contamination by volatile organic compounds, South Grafton, Massachusetts, September and October 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:54","indexId":"ofr95425","displayToPublicDate":"1996-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-425","title":"Water-quality and hydrologic conditions at a site of ground-water contamination by volatile organic compounds, South Grafton, Massachusetts, September and October 1994","docAbstract":"Ground-water quality and hydrologic data were collected at a site contaminated by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in South Grafton, Massachusetts, during September and October 1994. The VOCs have formed a plume of contaminated ground water at an abandoned textile mill adjacent to the Blackstone River. Concentrations of total VOCs in the plume ranged from less than 1 to more than 40,000 micrograms per liter. Trichloroethylene (TCE) was the primary chlorinated contaminant, comprising as much as 98 percent of the total VOCs. The highest concentration, 43,000 micrograms per liter, was higher than any previously measured concentration at the site; however, the maximum extent and distribution of concentrations in the VOC plume in September 1994 was similar to that found in July 1993 and in earlier rounds of sampling. In addition to TCE, 1,2-dichloroethene (1,2-DCE) and vinyl chloride were detected at most sites. Spatial and temporal changes in concentrations of TCE, 1,2-DCE, and vinyl chloride are consistent with the hypothesis that TCE biodegradation was the source of 1,2-DCE and vinyl chloride. Ground water at the site contained low to moderately high concentrations of dissolved solids (44 to 406 milligrams per liter), had a moderately high specific conductance (155 to 670 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius), and was slightly acidic (pH=5.9 to 7.0). Concentrations of the major ions-calcium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate-were not related to VOC concentrations. Dissolved-oxygen concentrations were low (0 to 2 milligrams per liter) throughout most of the aquifer. Distribution of nitrogen species, iron, and manganese indicates that zones of varying oxidation-reduction potential were present in the aquifer. Concentrations of trace metals other than iron or manganese, including arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and copper, generally were less than analytical detection limits. Stream stage in the Blackstone River at the site during September and October 1994 fluctuated by about 1 to 2 feet within 24-hour periods. These rapid fluctuations resulted from sudden release of impounded water at a hydroelectric-generating facility downstream from the site. In addition to the daily fluctuations, rapid small changes in stream stage also occurred that were related to storms. Fluctuations in ground-water levels in four observation wells at the site were similar in amplitude and timing to the rapid fluctuations in stream stage; the daily fluctuations of ground-water levels were greatest in an observation well within 100 feet of the river and least in an observation well about 300 feet from the river. Because ground- water levels at the study site seem to be affected by fluctuations in stage of the Blackstone River, transport of the VOC plume in ground water also is likely to be affected by the fluctuations in stage.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95425","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"DiSimone, L., and Barlow, P.M., 1995, Water-quality and hydrologic conditions at a site of ground-water contamination by volatile organic compounds, South Grafton, Massachusetts, September and October 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-425, iv, 19 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95425.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154214,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0425/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52295,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0425/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7230","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DiSimone, L.A.","contributorId":108139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiSimone","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barlow, P. M.","contributorId":63022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":21792,"text":"ofr95381 - 1995 - Geochemical and hydrologic controls on phosphorus transport in a sewage-contaminated sand and gravel aquifer near Ashumet Pond, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":21792,"text":"ofr95381 - 1995 - Geochemical and hydrologic controls on phosphorus transport in a sewage-contaminated sand and gravel aquifer near Ashumet Pond, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","indexId":"ofr95381","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Geochemical and hydrologic controls on phosphorus transport in a sewage-contaminated sand and gravel aquifer near Ashumet Pond, Cape Cod, Massachusetts"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":54,"text":"wsp2463 - 1996 - Geochemical and hydrologic controls on phosphorus transport in a sewage-contaminated sand and gravel aquifer near Ashumet Pond, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","indexId":"wsp2463","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"Geochemical and hydrologic controls on phosphorus transport in a sewage-contaminated sand and gravel aquifer near Ashumet Pond, Cape Cod, Massachusetts"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":54,"text":"wsp2463 - 1996 - Geochemical and hydrologic controls on phosphorus transport in a sewage-contaminated sand and gravel aquifer near Ashumet Pond, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","indexId":"wsp2463","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"Geochemical and hydrologic controls on phosphorus transport in a sewage-contaminated sand and gravel aquifer near Ashumet Pond, Cape Cod, Massachusetts"},"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-07T10:51:22","indexId":"ofr95381","displayToPublicDate":"1996-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-381","title":"Geochemical and hydrologic controls on phosphorus transport in a sewage-contaminated sand and gravel aquifer near Ashumet Pond, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"The disposal of secondarily treated sewage onto rapid infiltration sand beds at the Massachusetts Military Reservation, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, has created a sewage plume in the underlying sand and gravel aquifer; the part of the\\x11sewage plume that contains dissolved phosphorus extends about 2,500 feet downgradient of the sewage-disposal beds. A part of the plume that\\x11contains nearly 2 milligrams per liter of phosphorus currently (1993) discharges into Ashumet Pond along about 700 feet of shoreline. The sewage plume discharges from about 59 to about 76 kilograms of phosphorus per year into the pond. Hydraulic-head measurements indicate that the north end of Ashumet Pond is a ground-water sink and an increased component of ground-water discharge and phosphorus flux into\\x11the pond occurs at higher water levels. Phosphorus was mobile in ground water in two distinct geochemical environments-an anoxic zone that contains no dissolved oxygen and as much as 25\\x11milligrams per liter of dissolved iron, and a more areally extensive suboxic zone that contains little or no iron, low but detectable dissolved oxygen, and as much as 12 milligrams per liter of dissolved manganese. Dissolved phosphorus is mobile in the suboxic geochemical environment because continued phosphorus loading has filled available sorption sites in the aquifer. Continued disposal of sewage since 1936 has created a large reservoir of sorbed phosphorus that is much greater than the mass of dissolved phosphorus in the ground water; the average ratio of sorbed to dissolved phosphorus in the anoxic and suboxic parts of the sewage plume were 31:1 and 155:1, respectively. Column experiments indicate that phosphorus in the anoxic core of the plume containing dissolved iron may be immobilized within 17 years by sorption and coprecipitation with new iron oxyhydroxides following the cessation of sewage disposal and the introduction of uncontaminated oxygenated ground water into the aquifer in December 1995. Residual oxygen demand associated with sorbed organic compounds and ammonia could retard the movement of oxygenated water into the aquifer. Sorbed phosphorus in the suboxic zone of the aquifer will continue to desorb into the ground water and will remain mobile in the ground water for perhaps hundreds of years. Also, the introduction of uncontaminated water into the aquifer may cause dissolved-phosphorus concentrations in the suboxic zone of the aquifer to increase sharply and remain higher than precessation levels for many years due to the desorption of loosely bound phosphorus. Data from three sampling sites, located along the eastern and western boundaries of the sewage plume and downgradient of abandoned sewage-disposal beds, indicate that ground-water mixing and phosphorus desorption may already be occurring in the aquifer in response to the introduction of uncontaminated recharge water into previously contaminated parts of the aquifer.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr95381","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Walter, D.A., Rea, B., Stollenwerk, K., and Savoie, J., 1995, Geochemical and hydrologic controls on phosphorus transport in a sewage-contaminated sand and gravel aquifer near Ashumet Pond, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-381, vi, 89 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95381.","productDescription":"vi, 89 p.","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":153672,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0381/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":275690,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0381/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -70.80413818359375,\n              41.679066225164114\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.9224853515625,\n              41.679066225164114\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.9224853515625,\n              42.116561350389006\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.80413818359375,\n              42.116561350389006\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.80413818359375,\n              41.679066225164114\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae2fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walter, D. A.","contributorId":75179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rea, B.A.","contributorId":39008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rea","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stollenwerk, K.G.","contributorId":71199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stollenwerk","given":"K.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Savoie, Jennifer G. jsavoie@usgs.gov","contributorId":1691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savoie","given":"Jennifer G.","email":"jsavoie@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":185696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":20470,"text":"ofr95112 - 1995 - Hydrological and meteorological data for an unsaturated-zone study area near the Radioactive Waste Management Complex, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho, 1988-1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:39","indexId":"ofr95112","displayToPublicDate":"1996-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-112","title":"Hydrological and meteorological data for an unsaturated-zone study area near the Radioactive Waste Management Complex, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho, 1988-1989","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95112","usgsCitation":"Pittman, J.R., 1995, Hydrological and meteorological data for an unsaturated-zone study area near the Radioactive Waste Management Complex, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho, 1988-1989: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-112, iv, 120 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95112.","productDescription":"iv, 120 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152141,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0112/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50008,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0112/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e969","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pittman, J. R.","contributorId":71571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pittman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":21027,"text":"ofr95170 - 1995 - Drainage areas of the Monogahela River Basin, West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:54","indexId":"ofr95170","displayToPublicDate":"1996-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-170","title":"Drainage areas of the Monogahela River Basin, West Virginia","docAbstract":"This report contains data for 1,127 drainage-area divisions of the Monongahela River Basin, from the headwaters to the confluence of the Monongahela River and Dunkard Creek. Data, compiled in down- stream order, are listed for streams with a drainage area of approximately 2 square miels or larger, and for U.S. Geological Survey streamflow- gaging stations. The data presented are the stream name, the geographical limits, the latitude and longitude of the point, the name of the county and the 7-1/2 minute quadrangle in which the site lies, and the drainage area of that site. The total drainage area of the Monongahela River Basin, West Virginia, is 4,374.94 square miles.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95170","usgsCitation":"Stewart, D., and Mathes, M., 1995, Drainage areas of the Monogahela River Basin, West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-170, iii, 79 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95170.","productDescription":"iii, 79 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154382,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0170/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50619,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0170/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635e4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, D.K.","contributorId":93935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mathes, M.V.","contributorId":44916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathes","given":"M.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":22877,"text":"ofr95439 - 1995 - Hydrogeologic, water-quality and biogeochemical data collected at a septage-treatment facility, Orleans, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 1988 through December 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T11:34:08","indexId":"ofr95439","displayToPublicDate":"1996-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-439","title":"Hydrogeologic, water-quality and biogeochemical data collected at a septage-treatment facility, Orleans, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 1988 through December 1992","docAbstract":"Hydrogeologic, water-quality, and biogeochemical data were collected at the site of a septage- treatment facility in Orleans, Massachusetts, from October 1988 through December 1992, where a nitrogen-rich effluent is discharged to the underlying glacial aquifer. The data were collected as part of a study done by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, Office of Watershed Management, to investigate the effect of effluent discharge on ground-water quality and the transport of effluent nitrogen through the aquifer. Hydrogeologic data include lithologic logs and ground-water levels. Water-quality data include chemical analyses of the treated septage effluent, of ground water at the water table beneath the infiltration beds, and of ground water throughout the aquifer. Dissolved concentrations of dinitrogen gas, nitrous oxide, and dissolved inorganic carbon also were measured. Biogeochemical data include concentrations of total ammonium and solid-phase carbon and nitrogen in aquifer sediments and sediments from the effluent-infiltration beds.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S.G.S. Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95439","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"DeSimone, L., and Howes, B.L., 1995, Hydrogeologic, water-quality and biogeochemical data collected at a septage-treatment facility, Orleans, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 1988 through December 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-439, iv, 73 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95439.","productDescription":"iv, 73 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":19437,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0439/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153793,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0439/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db6278a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeSimone, Leslie A. 0000-0003-0774-9607 ldesimon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0774-9607","contributorId":176711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeSimone","given":"Leslie A.","email":"ldesimon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":189050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howes, Brian Louis","contributorId":21984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howes","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"Louis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":24748,"text":"ofr94532 - 1995 - U.S. Geological Survey Subsidence Interest Group conference, Edwards Air Force Base, Antelope Valley, California, November 18-19, 1992; Abstracts and summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-08T19:45:48.045141","indexId":"ofr94532","displayToPublicDate":"1996-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-532","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Subsidence Interest Group conference, Edwards Air Force Base, Antelope Valley, California, November 18-19, 1992; Abstracts and summary","docAbstract":"<p>Land subsidence, the loss of surface elevation as a result of the removal of subsurface support, affects every state in the United States. More than 17,000 mi<sup>2</sup> of land in the United States has been lowered by the various processes that produce land subsidence with annual costs from resulting flooding and structural damage that exceed $125 million. It is estimated that an additional $400 million is spent nationwide in attempts to control subsidence.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Common causes of land subsidence include the removal of oil, gas, and water from underground reservoirs; dissolution of limestone aquifers (sinkholes); underground mining activities; drainage of organic soils; and hydrocompaction (the initial wetting of dry soils). Overdrafting of aquifers is the major cause of areally extensive land subsidence, and as ground-water pumping increases, land subsidence also will increase. Land subsidence and its effects on engineering structures have been recognized for centuries, but it was not until this century that the processes that produce land subsidence were identified and understood. In 1928, while working with field data from a test of the Dakota Sandstone aquifer, O.E. Meinzer of the U.S. Geological Survey recognized the compressibility of aquifers. Around the same time, Karl Terzaghi, a soil scientist working at Harvard University, developed the one-dimensional consolidation theory that provided a quantitative means of predicting soil compaction resulting from the drainage of compressible soils. Thus, with the recognition of the compressibility of aquifers (Meinzer), and the development of a quantitative means of predicting soil compaction as a consequence of the reduction of intergranular pore pressure (Terzaghi), the theory of aquifer-system compaction was formed. With the widespread availability of electric power in rural areas, and the advent of the deep turbine pump, ground-water withdrawals increased dramatically throughout the country in the 1940's and 1950's. Along with this unprecedented increase in pumpage, substantial amounts of land subsidence were observed in several areas of the United States, most notably in Arizona, California, and Texas. Beginning in 1955, under the direction of Joseph Poland, the Geological Survey began the \"Mechanics of Aquifers Project,\" which focused largely on the processes that resulted in land subsidence due to the withdrawal of ground water. This research team gained international renown as they advanced the scientific understanding of aquifer mechanics and land-subsidence theory. The results of field studies by members of this research group not only verified the validity of the application of Terzaghi's consolidation theory to compressible aquifers, but they also provided definitions, methods of quantification, and confirmation of the interrelation among hydraulic head declines, aquifer-system compaction, and land subsidence. In addition to conducting pioneering research, this group also formed a \"center of expertise,\" providing a focal point within the Geological Survey for the dissemination of technology and scientific understanding in aquifer mechanics. However, when the \"Mechanics of Aquifers Project\" was phased out in 1984, the focal point for technology transfer no longer existed. Interest among various state and local agencies in land subsidence has persisted, and the Geological Survey has continued to participate in a broad spectrum of cooperative and Federally funded projects in aquifer mechanics and land subsidence. These projects are designed to identify and monitor areas with the potential for land subsidence, to conduct basic research in the processes that control land subsidence and the development of earth fissures, as well as to develop new quantitative tools to predict aquifer-system deformation. In 1989 an ad hoc \"Aquifer Mechanics and Subsidence Interest Group\" (referred to herein as the \"Subsidence Interest Group\") was formed</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr94532","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"1995, U.S. Geological Survey Subsidence Interest Group conference, Edwards Air Force Base, Antelope Valley, California, November 18-19, 1992; Abstracts and summary: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-532, v, 84 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94532.","productDescription":"v, 84 p.","costCenters":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158194,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1951,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/ofr94-532/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Antelope Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.43237304687499,\n              34.066311964721045\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.33947753906249,\n              34.066311964721045\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.33947753906249,\n              34.912962495216966\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.43237304687499,\n              34.912962495216966\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.43237304687499,\n              34.066311964721045\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2be4b07f02db612f3d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Prince, Keith R. krprince@usgs.gov","contributorId":1413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prince","given":"Keith","email":"krprince@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":770392,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galloway, Devin L. 0000-0003-0904-5355 dlgallow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-5355","contributorId":679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"Devin","email":"dlgallow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5078,"text":"Southwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770393,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leake, Stanley A. 0000-0003-3568-2542 saleake@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3568-2542","contributorId":1846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"Stanley","email":"saleake@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770394,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":20604,"text":"ofr95196 - 1995 - Surface-water-temperature statistics for streams in New Jersey and vicinity, 1955-93","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:40","indexId":"ofr95196","displayToPublicDate":"1996-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-196","title":"Surface-water-temperature statistics for streams in New Jersey and vicinity, 1955-93","docAbstract":"Monthly Statistical summaries of surface-water temperatures collected at 277 U.S. Geological Survey surface-water sites in New Jersey and adjoining states are tabulated. The study was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, to provide temperature data to characterize the condition of streams in and near New Jersey. Of the 277 sites, 259 are in New Jersey, 10 in Pennsylvania, 6 in New York, and 2 in Delaware. The Pennsylvania, New York, and Delaware sites are included because conditions there reflect conditions in New Jersey streams. Most of the temperatures were measured during 1955-93. Measurements were made prior to 1955, but were included only if available in the computer files. Temperature data from 265 periodic, 37 continuous, and 18 daily temperature records were used to compile monthly statistics for each site. The summaries for periodic and daily records include the number of observations; the maximum, minimum, and median temperatures; and the 25th and 75th percentile temperatures. Summaries of continuous records include the maximum, minimum, and median temperatures.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95196","usgsCitation":"Reed, T., and Hunchak-Kariouk, K., 1995, Surface-water-temperature statistics for streams in New Jersey and vicinity, 1955-93: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-196, v, 142 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95196.","productDescription":"v, 142 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153282,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0196/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50121,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0196/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a2de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, T.J. 0000-0002-9943-4081","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9943-4081","contributorId":15224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunchak-Kariouk, Kathryn","contributorId":41448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunchak-Kariouk","given":"Kathryn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":24261,"text":"ofr95268 - 1995 - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory summary 92, part III: Electronic tilt data, January to December 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-03T19:27:33.48186","indexId":"ofr95268","displayToPublicDate":"1996-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-268","title":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory summary 92, part III: Electronic tilt data, January to December 1993","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95268","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Puniwai, G.S., and Largo, A.J., 1995, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory summary 92, part III: Electronic tilt data, January to December 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-268, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95268.","productDescription":"32 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393772,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18435.htm"},{"id":53388,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0268/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":155056,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0268/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.31097412109372,\n              19.20483481631196\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.99786376953125,\n              19.20483481631196\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.99786376953125,\n              19.536495698592987\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.31097412109372,\n              19.536495698592987\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.31097412109372,\n              19.20483481631196\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63f12e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Puniwai, G. S.","contributorId":48588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puniwai","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Largo, A. J.","contributorId":29001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Largo","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":23580,"text":"ofr95633 - 1995 - Current data from the northern Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:07","indexId":"ofr95633","displayToPublicDate":"1996-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-633","title":"Current data from the northern Gulf of Mexico","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr95633","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Kinoshita, K., and Noble, M., 1995, Current data from the northern Gulf of Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-633, 1 v. 34 p.  :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95633.","productDescription":"1 v. 34 p.  :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155741,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0633/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52873,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0633/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ec46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kinoshita, Kaye","contributorId":89563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinoshita","given":"Kaye","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noble, Marlene","contributorId":29463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"Marlene","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":24097,"text":"ofr95618 - 1995 - Bibliography and summary of data available for the Salar de Uyuni, Bolivia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:16","indexId":"ofr95618","displayToPublicDate":"1996-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-618","title":"Bibliography and summary of data available for the Salar de Uyuni, Bolivia","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ; [Denver, CO :\r\nOpen-File Reports Section--ESIC distributor,","doi":"10.3133/ofr95618","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Orris, G., 1995, Bibliography and summary of data available for the Salar de Uyuni, Bolivia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-618, 16 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95618.","productDescription":"16 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156757,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0618/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":19492,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0618/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629ab2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orris, G. J.","contributorId":80252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orris","given":"G. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":20564,"text":"ofr95267 - 1995 - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory summary 92, part III: Electronic tilt data, January to December 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-03T19:34:20.845646","indexId":"ofr95267","displayToPublicDate":"1996-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-267","title":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory summary 92, part III: Electronic tilt data, January to December 1992","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95267","usgsCitation":"Puniwai, G.S., and Largo, A.J., 1995, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory summary 92, part III: Electronic tilt data, January to December 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-267, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95267.","productDescription":"48 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393774,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18434.htm"},{"id":50079,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0267/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":152791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0267/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.31097412109372,\n              19.20483481631196\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.99786376953125,\n              19.20483481631196\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.99786376953125,\n              19.536495698592987\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.31097412109372,\n              19.536495698592987\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.31097412109372,\n              19.20483481631196\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63f1b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Puniwai, G. S.","contributorId":48588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puniwai","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Largo, A. J.","contributorId":29001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Largo","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":21761,"text":"ofr95568 - 1995 - The effect of acidic, metal-enriched drainage from the Wightman Fork and Alamosa River on the composition of selected wetlands in San Luis Valley, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-07T16:38:27.048221","indexId":"ofr95568","displayToPublicDate":"1996-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-568","title":"The effect of acidic, metal-enriched drainage from the Wightman Fork and Alamosa River on the composition of selected wetlands in San Luis Valley, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>The biogeochemistry of selected wetlands in the San Luis Valley, Colorado, was examined to assess the effect of acidic, metal-enriched water draining mineralized areas near and around the Summitville Mine. The sampling protocols, analytical methods, and chemical composition of water and stream bed sediment from the Wightman Fork and Alamosa River as well as water, surface sediment or cores, and rooted aquatic vegetation from wetland sites within and west of the Alamosa National Wildlife Refuge are presented. The data indicate that As, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn are tracers of drainage from mineralized areas around the Summitville Mine. Sediments and aquatic plants in wetlands in the San Luis Valley that receive surface water from the Alamosa River tend to have larger concentrations of certain tracer elements (e.g., Co and Cu) than wetlands that receive water from other sources. Larger concentrations of Cu, Ni, and Zn in the sediments of wetlands receiving Alamosa River water appear to be related to the presence of larger amounts of Fe oxyhydroxides. However, there is little to no variation in the concentrations of tracer elements with depth in wetlands that receive Alamosa River water. This observation suggests that the geochemistry of these wetlands has not been significantly affected by recent mining activities at the Summitville Mine.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95568","usgsCitation":"Balistrieri, L.S., Gough, L.P., Severson, R.C., Montour, M., Briggs, P., Adrian, B.M., Curry, K.J., Fey, D., Hageman, P., and Papp, C.S., 1995, The effect of acidic, metal-enriched drainage from the Wightman Fork and Alamosa River on the composition of selected wetlands in San Luis Valley, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-568, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95568.","productDescription":"37 p.","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":154695,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0568/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51259,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0568/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"San Luis Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.0270053346745,\n              36.762497968283895\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.0239178723996,\n              37.00040204473137\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.28635216575705,\n              37.00040204473137\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.15462044203234,\n              36.901708335901304\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.14741636339159,\n              36.76043674233034\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.0270053346745,\n              36.762497968283895\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db6681d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Balistrieri, Laurie S. 0000-0002-6359-3849 balistri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6359-3849","contributorId":1406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balistrieri","given":"Laurie","email":"balistri@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gough, L. P.","contributorId":64198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gough","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Severson, R. C.","contributorId":46498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Severson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Montour, M. R.","contributorId":50551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montour","given":"M. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Briggs, Paul H.","contributorId":107691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Paul H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Adrian, B. M.","contributorId":71535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adrian","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Curry, K. J.","contributorId":57468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curry","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fey, D.L.","contributorId":44537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fey","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hageman, P.  L. 0000-0002-3440-2150","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3440-2150","contributorId":27459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hageman","given":"P.  L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Papp, C. S.","contributorId":97923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papp","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":20924,"text":"ofr95616 - 1995 - MRDS-4D; Mineral Resources Data System using 4th DIMENSION","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:47","indexId":"ofr95616","displayToPublicDate":"1996-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-616","title":"MRDS-4D; Mineral Resources Data System using 4th DIMENSION","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr95616","usgsCitation":"Sindler, H., Schruben, P., and Carlson, C., 1995, MRDS-4D; Mineral Resources Data System using 4th DIMENSION: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-616, 62 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95616.","productDescription":"62 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153934,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0616/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":19373,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0616/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648d74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sindler, Hal","contributorId":105328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sindler","given":"Hal","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schruben, Paul","contributorId":30249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schruben","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carlson, C.A.","contributorId":85178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":44856,"text":"wri954177 - 1995 - Water-level data from wells and test holes through 1991 and potentiometric contours as of 1991 for Yucca Flat, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:11","indexId":"wri954177","displayToPublicDate":"1996-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4177","title":"Water-level data from wells and test holes through 1991 and potentiometric contours as of 1991 for Yucca Flat, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"The underground nuclear-testing program of the U.S. Department of Energy takes place at the Nevada Test Site, about 65 miles northwest of Las Vegas, Nev. Water levels in Yucca Flat may be affected by underground nuclear testing. The purpose of this map report is to present water-level data collected from wells and test holes through December 1991, and to present potentiometric contours representing 1991 water-table conditions in Yucca Flat. Water-level data from 91 sites are shown on the map and include information from 54 sites shown on a 1983 map. Water levels ranged from 519.5 to 2,162.9-feet below land surface. Potentiometric contours are drawn from water-level data to represent the altitude of the water table. Water-level altitudes ranged from about 2,377 ft to 2,770 ft above sea level in the central part of Yucca Flat and from about 4,060 ft to 2,503 ft above sea level in the western and northern parts of Yucca Flat. The water-level data were contoured considering the hydrologic setting, including the concept that water levels within the Cenozoic hydrologic units in the central part of the study area are elevated with respect to water levels in the adjacent and underlying Paleozoic hydrologic units. The most notable feature in the central part of the area is the presence of four ground-water mounds not shown on the 1983 map.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri954177","usgsCitation":"Hale, G.S., Trudeau, D.A., and Savard, C.S., 1995, Water-level data from wells and test holes through 1991 and potentiometric contours as of 1991 for Yucca Flat, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4177, 1 map : col. ; 87 x 69 cm., on sheet 102 x 176 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954177.","productDescription":"1 map : col. ; 87 x 69 cm., on sheet 102 x 176 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":82217,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4177/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db68628f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hale, Glenn S.","contributorId":56669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hale","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trudeau, Douglas A.","contributorId":52623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trudeau","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Savard, Charles S. cssavard@usgs.gov","contributorId":3538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savard","given":"Charles","email":"cssavard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":28050,"text":"wri944070 - 1995 - Statistical summaries of streamflow data for selected gaging stations in Idaho and western Wyoming through September 1990 — Volume 2: Gaging stations with 5 to 9 years of record or that measure discharge from springs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-21T21:08:28.168328","indexId":"wri944070","displayToPublicDate":"1996-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4070","title":"Statistical summaries of streamflow data for selected gaging stations in Idaho and western Wyoming through September 1990 — Volume 2: Gaging stations with 5 to 9 years of record or that measure discharge from springs","docAbstract":"<p>This volume presents statistical summaries of streamflow data for 76 gaging stations with 5 to 9 years of continuous record, or with records of discharge measurements from springs, through September 1990. The gaging stations are located in Idaho and western Wyoming. Some of the gaging stations at which spring discharge is measured have 10 or more years of record. Volume 1 presents statistical summaries of streamflow data for 257 gaging stations with 10 or more years of continuous record through September 1990. The gaging stations are located in Idaho and adjacent States.</p><p>Streamflow statistics generated for gaging stations with 5 to 9 years of record or that measure discharge from springs were (1) magnitudes of monthly and annual flows; (2) duration of daily mean flows; and (3) maximum, median, and minimum daily mean flows. Streamflow statistics generated for stations with 10 or more years of record (volume 1) were (1) magnitudes of monthly and annual flows; (2) magnitudes and frequencies of daily low, high, instantaneous peak (flood frequency), and annual mean flows; (3) duration of daily mean flows; and (4) maximum, median, and minimum daily mean flows.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944070","usgsCitation":"Kjelstrom, L., Stone, M.A., and Harenberg, W., 1995, Statistical summaries of streamflow data for selected gaging stations in Idaho and western Wyoming through September 1990 — Volume 2: Gaging stations with 5 to 9 years of record or that measure discharge from springs: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4070, iii, 94 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944070.","productDescription":"iii, 94 p.","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":404291,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47969.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":56888,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4070/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157974,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4070/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"1000000","country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.2411,\n              42\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.0483,\n              42\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.0483,\n              49\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.2411,\n              49\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.2411,\n              42\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dce4b07f02db5e1b21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kjelstrom, L.C.","contributorId":89104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kjelstrom","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stone, M. A. J.","contributorId":27496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harenberg, W. A.","contributorId":78743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harenberg","given":"W. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":27251,"text":"wri954094 - 1995 - Water-quality characteristics of streams in the Treyburn Development area of Falls Lake watershed, North Carolina, 1988-93","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-27T11:33:40","indexId":"wri954094","displayToPublicDate":"1996-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4094","title":"Water-quality characteristics of streams in the Treyburn Development area of Falls Lake watershed, North Carolina, 1988-93","docAbstract":"Treyburn is a 5,400 acre planned, mixed-use community located in the Falls Lake watershed in the upper Neuse River Basin of North Carolina. From February 1988 through 1993, hydrologic-data were collected at 17 study sites in or near the Treyburn development to compare the effects of varying types of land-use development on the water-quality of streams flowing in or near the development. The collected hydrologic data included measurements of streamflow and concentrations of major dissolved constituents, nutrients, minor elements, and organic compounds. Streamflow in the study basin was approximately 40 percent lower in 1992 and 40 percent higher in 1993 than the long-term annual mean of the long-term discharge records at Flat River in Bahama. Calcium and bicarbonate were the predominant cation and anion at all study sites except one. Mean total nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations at sites in the Treyburn development ranged from 0.5 to 0.8 and 0.03 to 0.10 milligrams per liter, respectively. Total aluminum, iron, and manganese were the metals most frequently detected in the 200 organic compunds analyzed. Dichloro- difluoromethane and methylene chloride were detected most often.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S.G.S. Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri954094","usgsCitation":"Garrett, R.G., and Bales, J., 1995, Water-quality characteristics of streams in the Treyburn Development area of Falls Lake watershed, North Carolina, 1988-93: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4094, v, 79 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954094.","productDescription":"v, 79 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158648,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4094/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56117,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4094/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Falls Lake watershed, Treyburn Development area, Upper Neuse River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.95256042480469,\n              35.9374323763197\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.95256042480469,\n              36.27029661150109\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.60580444335938,\n              36.27029661150109\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.60580444335938,\n              35.9374323763197\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.95256042480469,\n              35.9374323763197\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e6491","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garrett, R. G.","contributorId":93929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrett","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bales, J. D.","contributorId":21569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30109,"text":"wri954026 - 1995 - Ground-water flow and water quality in the sand aquifer of Long Beach Peninsula, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T08:11:35","indexId":"wri954026","displayToPublicDate":"1996-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4026","title":"Ground-water flow and water quality in the sand aquifer of Long Beach Peninsula, Washington","docAbstract":"<p>This report describes an investigation of ground-water flow and water quality in the sand aquifer of the Long Beach Peninsula. The peninsula is located in the southwestern corner of the State of Washington, is about 27 miles long, and has an average width of about 1.5 miles. It is surrounded by seawater, by the Pacific Ocean on the west and Willapa Bay on the east. Water supplies on the peninsula are derived mostly from a local water-table aquifer composed largely of sand.</p><p>The recent growth of population on the peninsula and the projected future growth have created concerns about the quantity and quality of the ground-water resource. Some issues include declining ground-water levels from increased pumpage, and ground-water contamination from seawater intrusion, pesticides or fertilizers from cranberrygrowing areas, and septic-system effluent.</p><p>The ground-water system of the Long Beach Peninsula consists of a sand aquifer with some lenses of silt and clay that may act as confining beds in local areas. Data are lacking or inconsistent to define a confining bed that extends throughout the peninsula. Hydraulic conductivity calculated from slug tests in 58 shallow wells ranged from 10 to 37 feet per day with a median of 22 feet per day.</p><p>Average annual ground-water recharge by infiltration and percolation of precipitation is estimated to be about 58 inches or 111,000 acre-feet, which is 72 percent of the average annual precipitation of 80 inches. Average annual ground-water discharge is estimated to be about 30,200 acre-feet to the Pacific Ocean, 56,000 acre-feet to Willapa Bay, and 24,800 acre-feet to surface-water drainage channels.</p><p>Ground-water movement is generally perpendicular to the spine of the peninsula. A ground-water divide occurs along a north-south line and ground water flows west or east from the divide toward the Pacific Ocean or Willapa Bay. There does not appear to have been any long-term decline of the water table of the sand aquifer from 1974-92. Ground-water levels measured at three east-west cross sections in 1974-75 were at about the same altitude as water levels measured in 1992.</p><p>Relatively accurate individual regression relations were developed at 45 wells with ground-water altitude as a response variable and cumulative precipitation for 4 months as an explanatory variable. The average coefficient of determination for all individual relations was 0.77, with a range of 0.11 to 0.89.</p><p>Some empirical frequency or probability relations for precipitation and ground-water levels were used to estimate how often the maximum water levels measured in this study would be expected to occur in the future. These water levels reflected the lower-than-average precipitation that occurred during the study. Assuming that the annual maximum precipitation for 4 consecutive months is random and independent, the historical record of precipitation is representative of the future distribution of precipitation, and the relation between precipitation and water levels is accurate and stationary; a probability analysis of the historical record indicates that in any one year in the future there is a probability of 70 percent that the maximum water levels measured in wells during the winter of 1991-92 would be equaled or exceeded.</p><p>The shallow ground water had generally low dissolved-solids concentrations in July 1992, with a median concentration of 92 milligrams per liter (mg/L) and a range of 56 to 218 mg/L. Sodium was the dominant cation and bicarbonate was the dominant anion. The distribution of hardness of the water samples was 84 percent with soft water and 16 percent with moderately hard water.</p><p>The water quality of the shallow ground water was generally good, with a few small to moderate problems. A natural problem is locally high concentrations of dissolved iron. About 30 percent of the water samples had dissolved-iron concentrations of greater than 0.3 mg/L, which is the secondary maximum contaminant level established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.</p><p>No appreciable amount of seawater has intruded into the sand aquifer. The samples of shallow ground water collected in July 1992 had a median chloride concentration of 15 mg/L and a maximum concentration of 52 mg/L. The heavy average annual precipitation of about 80 inches, large average annual ground-water recharge of about 58 inches or 111,000 acre-feet, and small ground-water withdrawal rate (about 780 acre-feet per year in 1992) combine to maintain a thick freshwater lens of ground water that prevents seawater intrusion throughout the year.</p><p>Agricultural activities do not appear to have appreciably affected the quality of shallow ground water on the Long Beach Peninsula. The concentration of nitrate in ground water was not significantly higher near cranberry-growing areas, and no sample of ground water or surface water had concentrations of selected pesticides or associated compounds that were above the analytical detection limits. Of the seven ground-water samples in which bacteria were detected, only one sample appeared to be related to agriculture; that sample was from a well located in an area where cattle graze for part of the year.</p><p>Septic systems probably caused an increase in the concentration of nitrate in shallow ground water in areas of higher population density. Concentrations of nitrate were significantly related to population density. However, the concentrations were not generally high; median concentrations of nitrate increased from less than 0.05 mg/L in areas of low population density to 0.74 mg/L in areas of high density. Septic systems did not cause regional bacterial contamination of the ground water. Bacteria were detected in seven ground-water samples; however, only two of those samples were from wells that are close to septic systems.</p><p>A limited amount of historical water-quality data is available for the peninsula; therefore, it is difficult to assess long-term changes. From 1968-92, chloride concentrations and values of specific conductance appear to have remained stable. Likewise, it appears that nitrate concentrations did not change from 1987-92. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954026","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pacific County Department of Community Development and Washington State Department of Ecology","usgsCitation":"Thomas, B.E., 1995, Ground-water flow and water quality in the sand aquifer of Long Beach Peninsula, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4026, v, 168 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954026.","productDescription":"v, 168 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":359401,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4026/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160060,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4026/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Long Beach 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,{"id":17258,"text":"ofr95161 - 1995 - Index of stations— Surface-water data-collection network of Texas, September 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-21T15:21:52.610011","indexId":"ofr95161","displayToPublicDate":"1996-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-161","title":"Index of stations— Surface-water data-collection network of Texas, September 1993","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey's investigations of the water resources of Texas are conducted in cooperation with the Texas Water Development Board, river authorities, cities, counties, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Bureau of Reclamation, International Boundary and Water Commission, and others.</p>\n<p>Investigations are under the general direction of R.O. Hawkinson, District Chief, Texas District. The address of the Texas District office is 8011 Cameron Road, Austin, TX 78754.</p>\n<p>As of September 30, 1993, the surface-water data-collection network of Texas (table 1 at end of the report) included 342 continuous-recording streamflow stations (D), 36 gage-height record only stations (G), 18 crest-stage partial-record stations (C), 62 floodhydrograph partial-record stations (H), 28 low-flow partial-record stations (L), 2 continuous-recording temperature stations (Ml), 12 continuous-recording temperature and conductivity stations (M2), 5 continuous-recording temperature, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen stations (M3), 20 continuous-recording temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and pH stations (M4), 23 daily chemical-quality stations (Q), 158 periodic chemical-quality stations (Qp), 20 lake surveys for water quality (Qs), and 75 continuous or daily reservoir-content stations (R). Plate 1 shows the location of the stations listed in table 1.</p>\n<p>Table 1 shows the station number and name, latitude and longitude, type of station, and the office principally responsible for collection of the data. An 8-digit permanent numerical designation for all gaging stations has been adopted on a nationwide basis; stations are numbered and listed in downstream order. In the downstream direction along the main stem, all stations on a tributary entering between two main-stem stations are listed between them. A similar order is followed in listing stations by first rank, second rank, and other ranks of tributaries. The rank of any tributary&nbsp;with respect to the stream to which it is an immediate tributary is indicated by an indention in the table. Each indention represents one rank. This downstream order and system of indention shows which gaging stations are on tributaries between any two stations on a main stem and the rank of the tributary on which each gaging station is situated.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95161","usgsCitation":"1995, Index of stations— Surface-water data-collection network of Texas, September 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-161, Report: iii, 18 p.; Plate: 26.00 x 25.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95161.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 18 p.; Plate: 26.00 x 25.00 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":46403,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0161/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":390728,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18410.htm"},{"id":149146,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0161/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":19334,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0161/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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,{"id":27094,"text":"wri954051 - 1995 - Potential-scour assessments and estimates of maximum scour at selected bridges in Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-21T09:08:37","indexId":"wri954051","displayToPublicDate":"1996-03-01T02:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4051","title":"Potential-scour assessments and estimates of maximum scour at selected bridges in Iowa","docAbstract":"<p>The results of potential-scour assessments at 130 bridges and estimates of maximum scour at 10 bridges in Iowa are presented. All of the bridges evaluated in the study are constructed bridges (not culverts) that are sites of active or discontinued streamflow-gaging stations and peak-stage measurement sites. The period of the study was from October 1991 to September 1994.</p>\n<p>The potential-scour assessments were made using a potential-scour index developed by the U.S. Geological Survey for a study in western Tennessee. Higher values of the index suggest a greater likelihood of scour-related problems occurring at a bridge. For the Iowa assessments, the maximum value of the index was 24.5, the minimum value was 3, and the median value was 11.5. The two components of the potential-scour index that affected the indices the most in this study were the bed-material component, which accounted for 27.1 percent of the overall total of the indices, and bank erosion at the bridge, which accounted for 18.3 percent of the overall total. Because the potential-scour index represents conditions at a single moment in time, the usefulness of potential-scour assessments is dependent upon regular assessments if the index is used to monitor potential-scour conditions; however, few of the components of the index considered in this study are likely to change between assessments.</p>\n<p>The estimates of maximum scour were made using scour equations recommended by the Federal Highway Administration. In this study, the long-term aggradation or degradation that occurred during the period of streamflow data collection at each site was evaluated. The streambed appeared to be stable at 6 of the 10sites, was degrading at 3 sites, andwas aggrading at 1 site. The estimates of maximum scour were made at most of the bridges using 100-year and 500-year flood discharges. Other discharges also were evaluated at four of the bridges. With respect to contraction scour, channel cross sections measured during floods show parts of the streambed to be scoured lower than the computed maxi mum contraction-scour depths at 4 of the 10 sites. The measured discharges at three of the sites were less than the respective 100-year floods used to compute scour.</p>\n<p>No pier-scour measurements were obtained in the study except for about 4 feet of local pier scour that was measured at the bridge over the Iowa River at Wapello, Iowa. However, the streambed was below the base of the pier footing, which is supported by piling, at the time the measurement was made. Discharge-measurement cross sections collected at two other bridges, which are not supported by piling, show the streambed between the piers to be lower than the bases of the piers. Additional investigation may be warranted at these sites to determine whether the streambed has been scoured below the bases at the upstream edges of the piers.</p>\n<p>Although the abutment-scour equation predicted deep scour holes at many of the sites, the only significant abutment scour that was measured was erosion of the embankment at the left abutment at one bridge after a flood.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City, IA","doi":"10.3133/wri954051","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Highway Research Board and the Highway Division of the Iowa Department of Transportation (Iowa DOT Research Project HR-344)","usgsCitation":"Fischer, E., 1995, Potential-scour assessments and estimates of maximum scour at selected bridges in Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4051, iv, 75 p.: ill., maps; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954051.","productDescription":"iv, 75 p.: ill., maps; 28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264592,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4051/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":264591,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4051/report.pdf","size":"6361","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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,{"id":28134,"text":"wri954162 - 1995 - Water, ice, and meteorological measurements at South Cascade Glacier, Washington, 1994 balance year","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-26T10:39:51","indexId":"wri954162","displayToPublicDate":"1996-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4162","title":"Water, ice, and meteorological measurements at South Cascade Glacier, Washington, 1994 balance year","docAbstract":"Winter snow accumulation and summer snow, firn, and ice melt were measured at South Cascade Glacier, Washington to determine the winter and net balances for the 1994 balance year. The 1994 winter balance, averaged over the glacier, was 2.39 meters, and the net balance was -1.60  meters. The winter balance was approximately that of the 1977-94 average winter balance. The net balance was more negative than the 1977-94 average net balance of -1.02 meters. Runoff was measured from the glacier and an adjacent non- glacierized basin. Air temperature, precipitation, barometric pressure, solar radiation, and wind speed were measured nearby. This report makes these data available to the glaciological and climatological community.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri954162","usgsCitation":"Krimmel, R.M., 1995, Water, ice, and meteorological measurements at South Cascade Glacier, Washington, 1994 balance year: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4162, vi, 41 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954162.","productDescription":"vi, 41 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158623,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4162/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":366901,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4162/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"South Cascade Glacier","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.06761932373047,\n              48.344270431667255\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.03998184204102,\n              48.344270431667255\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.03998184204102,\n              48.36491749617739\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.06761932373047,\n              48.36491749617739\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.06761932373047,\n              48.344270431667255\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd0a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krimmel, R. M.","contributorId":81093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krimmel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":44712,"text":"wri944087 - 1995 - Depth to water, 1991, in the Rathdrum Prairie, Idaho; Spokane River valley, Washington; Moscow-Lewiston-Grangeville area, Idaho; and selected intermontane valleys, east-central Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-03T23:06:48.272606","indexId":"wri944087","displayToPublicDate":"1996-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4087","title":"Depth to water, 1991, in the Rathdrum Prairie, Idaho; Spokane River valley, Washington; Moscow-Lewiston-Grangeville area, Idaho; and selected intermontane valleys, east-central Idaho","docAbstract":"This map report illustrates digitally generated depth-to-water zones for the Rathdrum Prairie in Idaho; part of the Spokane River Valley in eastern Washington; and the intermontane valleys of the upper Big Wood, Big Lost, Pahsimeroi, Little Lost, and Lemhi Rivers and Birch Creek in Idaho. Depth to water is 400 to 500 feet below land surface in the northern part of Rathdrum Prairie, 100 to 200 feet below land surface at the Idaho-Washington State line, and 0 to 250 feet below land surface in the Spokane area. Depth to water in the intermontane valleys in east-central Idaho is least (usually less than 50 feet) near streams and increases toward valley margins where mountain-front alluvial fans have formed. Depths to water shown in the Moscow-Lewiston-Grangeville area in Idaho are limited to point data at individual wells because most of the water levels measured were not representative of levels in the uppermost aquifer but of levels in deeper aquifers.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944087","usgsCitation":"Berenbrock, C.E., Bassick, M.D., Rogers, T.L., and Garcia, S.P., 1995, Depth to water, 1991, in the Rathdrum Prairie, Idaho; Spokane River valley, Washington; Moscow-Lewiston-Grangeville area, Idaho; and selected intermontane valleys, east-central Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4087, Report: 1 p.; 2 Plates: 30.06 x 27.02 inches and 24.84 x 35.03 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944087.","productDescription":"Report: 1 p.; 2 Plates: 30.06 x 27.02 inches and 24.84 x 35.03 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411312,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47980.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":258700,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4087/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":258699,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4087/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":258698,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4087/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":258697,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4087/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -115.13714126200279,\n              48.279709292533\n            ],\n            [\n              -119,\n              48.279709292533\n            ],\n            [\n              -119,\n              46.390549134745584\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.13714126200279,\n              46.390549134745584\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.13714126200279,\n              48.279709292533\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab1e4b07f02db66dea4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berenbrock, Charles E. ceberenb@usgs.gov","contributorId":857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berenbrock","given":"Charles","email":"ceberenb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":230301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bassick, M. D.","contributorId":28249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bassick","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rogers, T. L.","contributorId":73239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garcia, S. P.","contributorId":55496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":4258,"text":"cir1133 - 1995 - Contaminants in the Mississippi River, 1987-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:38","indexId":"cir1133","displayToPublicDate":"1996-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1133","title":"Contaminants in the Mississippi River, 1987-92","docAbstract":"Contaminants were measured in the Mississippi River and some of its tributaries between Minneapolis, Minnesota, and the Gulf of Mexico on 10 separate occasions between July 1987 and May 1992. Measurements included contaminants dissolved in the river waters, those adsorbed on sediment particles being transported by the rivers, and contaminants stored in bottom sediments. Data from this study provide a snapshot view of the chemical 'state of the river' circa 1990 that will serve as a baseline against which future changes and trends may be measured in the Nation's largest river.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir1133","usgsCitation":"Meade, R.H., 1995, Contaminants in the Mississippi River, 1987-92: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1133, xiii, 140 p. :col. ill., col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1133.","productDescription":"xiii, 140 p. :col. ill., col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":83,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/circ1133/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":122506,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1995/1133/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31370,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1995/1133/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6996d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meade, Robert H. 0000-0002-4965-3040 rhmeade@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4965-3040","contributorId":2744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meade","given":"Robert","email":"rhmeade@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":148582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":24506,"text":"ofr95570 - 1995 - GSMGIS, a program to import and/or export data between GSMAP data bases and various commercial and public domain products including ARC/INFO, GRASS, IDRISI, Earth Vision, GIV, Rockware STEREO, and MAPINFO","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:14","indexId":"ofr95570","displayToPublicDate":"1996-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-570","title":"GSMGIS, a program to import and/or export data between GSMAP data bases and various commercial and public domain products including ARC/INFO, GRASS, IDRISI, Earth Vision, GIV, Rockware STEREO, and MAPINFO","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"The Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr95570","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Selner, G.I., Hoffman, J.D., and Green, G.N., 1995, GSMGIS, a program to import and/or export data between GSMAP data bases and various commercial and public domain products including ARC/INFO, GRASS, IDRISI, Earth Vision, GIV, Rockware STEREO, and MAPINFO: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-570, 1 computer disk ;3 1/2 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95570.","productDescription":"1 computer disk ;3 1/2 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156760,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1607,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/ofr-95-0570/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b14b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Selner, Gary I.","contributorId":42254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selner","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, J. D.","contributorId":8419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Green, Gregory N.","contributorId":40226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":20663,"text":"ofr95622 - 1995 - Estimating heat capacity and heat content of rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-13T19:57:08","indexId":"ofr95622","displayToPublicDate":"1996-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-622","title":"Estimating heat capacity and heat content of rocks","docAbstract":"<p>New heat-capacity measurements are reported for four rock types; Westerly granite from Bradford, RI, andesite from Lake County, OR, peridotite from Sonoma County, CA, and basalt from the Columbia River Group. Measurements were made on powders of the rocks in the temperature range of 340 to about 1000 K.</p>\n<p>Our measured heat-capacity values for rocks and other measurements of heat capacity or heat content of rocks found in the literature have been compared with estimated rock heat capacities calculated from the summation of heat capacities of both minerals and oxide components. The validity of calculating the heat content or heat capacity of rocks to better than about &plusmn; 3% from its mineral or chemical composition is well demonstrated by the data presented here.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr95622","usgsCitation":"Robertson, E.C., and Hemingway, B.S., 1995, Estimating heat capacity and heat content of rocks: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-622, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95622.","productDescription":"38 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":154016,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0622/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":19370,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0622/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc964","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robertson, Eugene C.","contributorId":71139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hemingway, Bruch S.","contributorId":19542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemingway","given":"Bruch","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}