{"pageNumber":"1319","pageRowStart":"32950","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184769,"records":[{"id":70189604,"text":"70189604 - 2014 - Preslip and cascade processes initiating laboratory stick slip","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T10:21:04","indexId":"70189604","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preslip and cascade processes initiating laboratory stick slip","docAbstract":"Recent modeling studies have explored whether earthquakes begin with a large aseismic nucleation process or initiate dynamically from the rapid growth of a smaller instability in a “cascade-up” process. To explore such a case in the laboratory, we study the initiation of dynamic rupture (stick slip) of a smooth saw-cut fault in a 76mm diameter cylindrical granite laboratory sample at 40–120MPa confining pressure. We use a high dynamic range recording system to directly compare the seismic waves radiated during the stick-slip event to those radiated from tiny (M _6) discrete seismic events, commonly known as acoustic emissions (AEs), that occur in the seconds prior to each large stick slip. The seismic moments, focal mechanisms, locations, and timing of the AEs all contribute to our understanding of their mechanics and provide us with information about the stick-slip nucleation process. In a sequence of 10 stick slips, the first few microseconds of the signals recorded from stick-slip instabilities are nearly indistinguishable from those of premonitory AEs. In this sense, it appears that each stick slip begins as an AE event that rapidly (~20 μs) grows about 2 orders of magnitude in linear dimension and ruptures the entire 150mm length of the simulated fault. We also measure accelerating fault slip in the final seconds before stick slip. We estimate that this slip is at least 98% aseismic and that it both weakens the fault and produces AEs that will eventually cascade-up to initiate the larger dynamic rupture.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014JB011220","usgsCitation":"McLaskey, G.C., and Lockner, D.A., 2014, Preslip and cascade processes initiating laboratory stick slip: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 119, no. 8, p. 6323-6336, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011220.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"6323","endPage":"6336","ipdsId":"IP-056385","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472560,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jb011220","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":344031,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"119","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59706fbbe4b0d1f9f065a8e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLaskey, Gregory C. gmclaskey@usgs.gov","contributorId":4112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaskey","given":"Gregory","email":"gmclaskey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lockner, David A. 0000-0001-8630-6833 dlockner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-6833","contributorId":567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"David","email":"dlockner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70187916,"text":"70187916 - 2014 - Lesser Yellowlegs (<i>Tringa flavipes</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-21T13:10:41","indexId":"70187916","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5033,"text":"The Birds of North America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lesser Yellowlegs (<i>Tringa flavipes</i>)","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cornell Lab of Ornithology","publisherLocation":"Ithaca, NY","doi":"10.2173/bna.427","usgsCitation":"Tibbitts, T.L., and Moskoff, W., 2014, Lesser Yellowlegs (<i>Tringa flavipes</i>): The Birds of North America, HTML document, https://doi.org/10.2173/bna.427.","productDescription":"HTML document","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science 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Lee 0000-0002-0290-7592 ltibbitts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0290-7592","contributorId":140455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tibbitts","given":"T.","email":"ltibbitts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":695991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moskoff, William","contributorId":192254,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moskoff","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70190303,"text":"70190303 - 2014 - Spawning patterns of Pacific Lamprey in tributaries to the Willamette River, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-24T11:59:08","indexId":"70190303","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spawning patterns of Pacific Lamprey in tributaries to the Willamette River, Oregon","docAbstract":"<p><span>Addressing the ongoing decline of Pacific Lamprey&nbsp;</span><i>Entosphenus tridentatus</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>across its range along the west coast of North America requires an understanding of all life history phases. Currently, spawning surveys (redd counts) are a common tool used to monitor returning adult salmonids, but the methods are in their infancy for Pacific Lamprey. To better understand the spawning phase, our objective was to assess temporal spawning trends, redd abundance, habitat use, and spatial patterns of spawning at multiple spatial scales for Pacific Lamprey in the Willamette River basin, Oregon. Although redd density varied considerably across surveyed reaches, the observed temporal patterns of spawning were related to physical habitat and hydrologic conditions. As has been documented in studies in other basins in the Pacific Northwest, we found that redds were often constructed in pool tailouts dominated by gravel, similar to habitat used by spawning salmonids. Across the entire Willamette Basin, Pacific Lampreys appeared to select reaches with alluvial geology, likely because this is where gravel suitable for spawning accumulated. At the tributary scale, spawning patterns were not as strong, and in reaches with nonalluvial geology redds were more spatially clumped than in reaches with alluvial geology. These results can be used to help identify and conserve Pacific Lamprey spawning habitat across the Pacific Northwest.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2014.949013","usgsCitation":"Mayfield, M., Schultz, L., Wyss, L.A., Clemens, B.J., and Schreck, C.B., 2014, Spawning patterns of Pacific Lamprey in tributaries to the Willamette River, Oregon: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 143, no. 6, p. 1544-1554, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2014.949013.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1544","endPage":"1554","ipdsId":"IP-056801","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472557,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2014.949013","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":345107,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","volume":"143","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"599fe5bae4b038630d022107","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mayfield, M.P.","contributorId":195833,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mayfield","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schultz, Luke 0000-0002-6751-4626 lschultz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6751-4626","contributorId":193171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"Luke","email":"lschultz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":708378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wyss, Lance A.","contributorId":195114,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wyss","given":"Lance","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clemens, B. J.","contributorId":119936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clemens","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schreck, Carl B. 0000-0001-8347-1139 carl.schreck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8347-1139","contributorId":878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreck","given":"Carl","email":"carl.schreck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":708360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70193132,"text":"70193132 - 2014 - A multiple-tracer approach to understanding regional groundwaterflow in the Snake Valley area of the eastern Great Basin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-31T09:40:01","indexId":"70193132","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multiple-tracer approach to understanding regional groundwaterflow in the Snake Valley area of the eastern Great Basin, USA","docAbstract":"Groundwater in Snake Valley and surrounding basins in the eastern Great Basin province of the western\nUnited States is being targeted for large-scale groundwater extraction and export. Concern about declining\ngroundwater levels and spring flows in western Utah as a result of the proposed groundwater withdrawals\nhas led to efforts that have improved the understanding of this regional groundwater flow system. In this\nstudy, environmental tracers (del2H, del18O, 3H, 14C, 3He, 4He, 20Ne, 40Ar, 84Kr, and 129Xe) and major ions from\n142 sites were evaluated to investigate groundwater recharge and flow-path characteristics. With few\nexceptions, del2H and del18O show that most valley groundwater has similar ratios to mountain springs,\nindicating recharge is dominated by relatively high-altitude precipitation. The spatial distribution of 3H,\nterrigenic helium (4Heterr), and 3H/3He ages shows that modern groundwater (<60 yr) in valley aquifers\nis found only in the western third of the study area. Pleistocene and late-Holocene groundwater is found\nin the eastern parts of the study area. The age of Pleistocene groundwater is supported by minimum\nadjusted radiocarbon ages of up to 32 ka. Noble gas recharge temperatures (NGTs) are generally\n1–11 degrees C in Snake and southern Spring Valleys and >11 degrees C to the east of Snake Valley and indicate a\nhydraulic discontinuity between Snake and Tule Valleys across the northern Confusion Range. The\ncombination of NGTs and 4Heterr shows that the majority of Snake Valley groundwater discharges as\nsprings, evapotranspiration, and well withdrawals within Snake Valley rather than continuing\nnortheastward to discharge at either Fish Springs or the Great Salt Lake Playa. The refined understanding\nof groundwater recharge and flow paths acquired from this multi-tracer investigation has broad\nimplications for interbasin subsurface flow estimates and future groundwater development.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.02.010","usgsCitation":"Gardner, P.M., 2014, A multiple-tracer approach to understanding regional groundwaterflow in the Snake Valley area of the eastern Great Basin, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 45, p. 33-49, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.02.010.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"49","ipdsId":"IP-055000","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347798,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin, Snake 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,{"id":70188498,"text":"70188498 - 2014 - Volcanoes of the passive margin: The youngest magmatic event in eastern North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-31T10:07:39","indexId":"70188498","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcanoes of the passive margin: The youngest magmatic event in eastern North America","docAbstract":"<p><span>The rifted eastern North American margin (ENAM) provides important clues to the long-term evolution of continental margins. An Eocene volcanic swarm exposed in the Appalachian Valley and Ridge Province of Virginia and West Virginia (USA) contains the youngest known igneous rocks in the ENAM. These magmas provide the only window into the most recent deep processes contributing to the postrift evolution of this margin. Here we present new </span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar ages, geochemical data, and radiogenic isotopes that constrain the melting conditions and the timing of emplacement. Modeling of the melting conditions on primitive basalts yielded an average temperature and pressure of 1412 ± 25 °C and 2.32 ± 0.31 GPa, corresponding to a mantle potential temperature of ∼1410 °C, suggesting melting conditions slightly higher than average mantle temperatures beneath mid-ocean ridges. When compared with magmas from Atlantic hotspots, the Eocene ENAM samples share isotopic signatures with the Azores and Cape Verde. This similarity suggests the possibility of a large-scale dissemination of similar sources in the upper mantle left over from the opening of the Atlantic Ocean. Asthenosphere upwelling related to localized lithospheric delamination is a possible process that can explain the intraplate signature of these magmas that lack evidence of a thermal anomaly. This process can also explain the Cenozoic dynamic topography and evidence of rejuvenation of the central Appalachians.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G35407.1","usgsCitation":"Mazza, S., Gazel, E., Johnson, E., Kunk, M.J., McAleer, R., Spotila, J.A., Bizimis, M., and Coleman, D.S., 2014, Volcanoes of the passive margin: The youngest magmatic event in eastern North America: Geology, v. 42, no. 6, p. 483-486, https://doi.org/10.1130/G35407.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"483","endPage":"486","ipdsId":"IP-053403","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342480,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"42","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59424b3ae4b0764e6c65dc44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mazza, Sarah E","contributorId":192875,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mazza","given":"Sarah E","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gazel, Esteban","contributorId":192876,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gazel","given":"Esteban","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Elizabeth A","contributorId":192877,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Elizabeth A","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kunk, Michael J. 0000-0003-4424-7825 mkunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-7825","contributorId":200968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunk","given":"Michael","email":"mkunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McAleer, Ryan J. 0000-0003-3801-7441 rmcaleer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3801-7441","contributorId":5301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAleer","given":"Ryan J.","email":"rmcaleer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":698023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Spotila, James A","contributorId":192878,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spotila","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bizimis, Michael","contributorId":192879,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bizimis","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Coleman, Drew S","contributorId":192880,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coleman","given":"Drew","email":"","middleInitial":"S","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70114648,"text":"70114648 - 2014 - Auroral omens of the American Civil War","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T15:17:32","indexId":"70114648","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5423,"text":"Weatherwise","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Auroral omens of the American Civil War","docAbstract":"<p>Aurorae are a splendid night-time sight: coruscations of green, purple, and red fluorescent light in the form of gently wafting ribbons, billowing curtains, and flashing rays. Mostly seen at high latitudes, in the north aurorae are often called the northern lights or aurora borealis, and, in the south, the southern lights or aurora australis. The mystery of their cause has historically been the subject of wonder. The folklore and mythology of some far-northern civilizations attributed auroral light to celestial deities. And, in ironic contrast with their heavenly beauty, unusual auroral displays, such as those seen on rare occasions at lower southern latitudes, have sometimes been interpreted as portending unfavorable future events. </p><p>Today we understand aurorae to be a visual manifestation of the dynamic conditions in the space environment surrounding the earth. Important direct evidence in support of this theory came on September 1, 1859. On that day, an English astronomer named Richard Carrington was situated at his telescope, which was pointed at the sun. While observing and sketching a large group of sunspots, he saw a solar flare—intense patches of white light that were superimposed upon the darker sunspot group and which were illuminated for about a minute. One day later, a magnetic storm was recorded at specially designed observatories in Europe, across Russia, and in India. By many measures, the amplitude of magnetic disturbance was the greatest ever recorded. </p><p>In the United States, the effects of the Carrington storm could be seen as irregular backand-forth deflections of a few degrees in the magnetized needle of a compass. Rapid magnetic variation also induced electric fields in the earth’s conducting lithosphere, and interfered with the operation of telegraph systems. The Carrington magnetic storm, and an earlier storm that had occurred on August 28, 1859, caused spectacular displays of aurora borealis in the night-time sky over the entire United States and the western hemisphere, possibly all the way down to the equator. This was extremely unusual, so much so that an auroral event o</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00431672.2014.939912","usgsCitation":"Love, J.J., 2014, Auroral omens of the American Civil War: Weatherwise, v. 67, no. 5, p. 34-41, https://doi.org/10.1080/00431672.2014.939912.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"34","endPage":"41","ipdsId":"IP-057753","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342462,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59424b3be4b0764e6c65dc56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Love, Jeffrey J. 0000-0002-3324-0348 jlove@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-0348","contributorId":760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlove@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70191534,"text":"70191534 - 2014 - Micro-seismicity and seismic moment release within the Coso Geothermal Field, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T15:02:52","indexId":"70191534","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Micro-seismicity and seismic moment release within the Coso Geothermal Field, California","docAbstract":"We relocate 16 years of seismicity in the Coso Geothermal Field (CGF) using differential travel times and simultaneously invert for seismic velocities to improve our knowledge of the subsurface geologic and hydrologic structure. We expand on our previous results by doubling the number of relocated events from April 1996 through May 2012 using a new field-wide 3-D velocity model. Relocated micro-seismicity sharpens in many portions of the active geothermal reservoir, likely defining large-scale fault zones and fluid pressure compartment boundaries. However, a significant fraction of seismicity remains diffuse and does not cluster into sharply defined structures, suggesting that permeability is maintained within the reservoir through distributed brittle failure. The seismic velocity structure reveals heterogeneous distributions of compressional (Vp) and shear (Vs) wave speed, with Vs generally higher in the Main Field and East Flank and Vp remaining relatively uniform across the CGF, but with significant local variations. The Vp/Vs ratio appears to outline the two main producing compartments of the reservoir at depths below mean ground level of approximately 1 to 2.5 km, with a ridge of relatively high Vp/Vs separating the Main Field from the East Flank. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal variations in earthquake relocations and cumulative seismic moment release in the East Flank reveal three regions with persistently high rates of seismic activity. Two of these regions exhibit sharp, stationary boundaries at the margins of the East Flank that likely represent barriers to fluid flow and advective heat transport. However, seismicity and moment release in a third region at the northern end of the East Flank spread over time to form an elongated NE to SW structure, roughly parallel both to an elongated cluster of seismicity at the southern end of the East Flank and to regional fault traces mapped at the surface. Our results indicate that high-precision relocations of micro-seismicity and simultaneous velocity inversions in conjunction with mapping of seismic moment release can provide useful insights into subsurface structural features and hydrologic compartmentalization within the Coso Geothermal Field.","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings, Thirty-Ninth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Thirty-Ninth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering","conferenceDate":"February 24-26, 2014","conferenceLocation":"Stanford, California","language":"English","publisher":"Stanford University","usgsCitation":"Kaven, J., Hickman, S.H., and Davatzes, N.C., 2014, Micro-seismicity and seismic moment release within the Coso Geothermal Field, California, <i>in</i> Proceedings, Thirty-Ninth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, Stanford, California, February 24-26, 2014, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-054842","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350340,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":" Coso Geothermal Field","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.84,\n              35.95\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.76,\n              35.95\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.76,\n              36.1\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.84,\n              36.1\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.84,\n              35.95\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a61003fe4b06e28e9c253ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaven, J. Ole 0000-0003-2625-2786 okaven@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2625-2786","contributorId":3993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaven","given":"J. Ole","email":"okaven@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":712667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hickman, Stephen H. 0000-0003-2075-9615 hickman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2075-9615","contributorId":2705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"Stephen","email":"hickman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":712669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davatzes, Nicholas C.","contributorId":138855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davatzes","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12547,"text":"Temple University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":712668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70129220,"text":"70129220 - 2014 - Paleoclimate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T17:39:19","indexId":"70129220","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Paleoclimate","docAbstract":"As host to one of the major continental-scale ice sheets, and with considerable spatial variability of climate related to its physiography and location, North America has experienced a wide range of climates over time. The aim of this chapter is to review the history of those climate variations, focusing in particular on the continental-scale climatic variations between the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ca. 21,000 years ago or 21 ka) and the present, which were as large in amplitude as any experienced over a similar time span during the past several million years. As background to that discussion, the climatic variations over the Cenozoic (the past 65.5 Myr, or 65.5 Ma to present) that led ultimately to the onset of Northern Hemisphere glaciation at 2.59 Ma will also be discussed. Superimposed on the large-amplitude, broad-scale variations from the LGM to present, are climatic variations on millennial-to-decadal scales, and these will be reviewed in particular for the Holocene (11.7 ka to present) and the past millennium.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Climate Change in North America","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-03768-4","usgsCitation":"Bartlein, P.J., Hostetler, S.W., and Alder, J.R., 2014, Paleoclimate, chap. <i>of</i> Climate Change in North America, p. 1-51, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03768-4.","productDescription":"51 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"51","ipdsId":"IP-053498","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342455,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295485,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.springer.com/earth+sciences+and+geography/atmospheric+sciences/book/978-3-319-03767-7"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59424b3ae4b0764e6c65dc48","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ohring, G.","contributorId":55647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohring","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697977,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Bartlein, Patrick J.","contributorId":106879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartlein","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hostetler, Steven W. 0000-0003-2272-8302 swhostet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":3249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"Steven","email":"swhostet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alder, Jay R. 0000-0003-2378-2853 jalder@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2378-2853","contributorId":5118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alder","given":"Jay","email":"jalder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70136358,"text":"70136358 - 2014 - Flow and sorption controls of groundwater arsenic in individual boreholes from bedrock aquifers in central Maine, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-30T16:08:51","indexId":"70136358","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-30T16:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flow and sorption controls of groundwater arsenic in individual boreholes from bedrock aquifers in central Maine, USA","docAbstract":"<p>To understand the hydrogeochemical processes regulating well water arsenic (As) evolution in fractured bedrock aquifers, three domestic wells with [As] up to 478 &mu;g/L are investigated in central Maine. Geophysical logging reveals that fractures near the borehole bottom contribute 70-100% of flow. Borehole and fracture water samples from various depths show significant proportions of As (up to 69%) and Fe (93-99%) in particulates (&gt;0.45 &mu;m). These particulates and those settled after a 16-day batch experiment contain 560-13,000 g/kg of As and 14-35% weight/weight of Fe. As/Fe ratios (2.5-20 mmol/mol) and As partitioning ratios (adsorbed/dissolved [As], 20,000-100,000 L/kg) suggest that As is sorbed onto amorphous hydrous ferric oxides. Newly drilled cores also show enrichment of As (up to 1300 mg/kg) sorbed onto secondary iron minerals on the fracture surfaces. Pumping at high flow rates induces large decreases in particulate As and Fe, a moderate increase in dissolved [As] and As(III)/As ratio, while little change in major ion chemistry. The &delta;D and &delta;<sup>18</sup>O are similar for the borehole and fracture waters, suggesting a same source of recharge from atmospheric precipitation. Results support a conceptual model invoking flow and sorption controls on groundwater [As] in fractured bedrock aquifers whereby oxygen infiltration promotes the oxidation of As-bearing sulfides at shallower depths in the oxic portion of the flow path releasing As and Fe; followed by Fe oxidation to form Fe oxyhydroxide particulates, which are transported in fractures and sorb As along the flow path until intercepted by boreholes. In the anoxic portions of the flow path, reductive dissolution of As-sorbed iron particulates could re-mobilize As. For exposure assessment, we recommend sampling of groundwater without filtration to obtain total As concentration in groundwater.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Pub. Co.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.089","collaboration":"Columbia University - Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory; Maine Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Yang, Q., Culbertson, C.W., Nielsen, M.G., Schalk, C.W., Johnson, C.D., Marvinney, R., Stute, M., and Zheng, Y., 2014, Flow and sorption controls of groundwater arsenic in individual boreholes from bedrock aquifers in central Maine, USA: Science of the Total Environment, v. 505, p. 1291-1307, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.089.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1291","endPage":"1307","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052112","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472566,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4233206","text":"External Repository"},{"id":296954,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":296935,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969714005993#"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","volume":"505","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a79e4b08de9379b308d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yang, Qiang","contributorId":27362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"Qiang","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Culbertson, Charles W. cculbert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culbertson","given":"Charles","email":"cculbert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nielsen, Martha G. 0000-0003-3038-9400 mnielsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3038-9400","contributorId":4169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Martha","email":"mnielsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schalk, Charles W. cwschalk@usgs.gov","contributorId":1726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schalk","given":"Charles","email":"cwschalk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Carole D. 0000-0001-6941-1578 cjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6941-1578","contributorId":1891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Carole","email":"cjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Marvinney, Robert G.","contributorId":23070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvinney","given":"Robert G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stute, Martin","contributorId":131127,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stute","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7254,"text":"Columbia University - Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zheng, Yan","contributorId":99046,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zheng","given":"Yan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7255,"text":"City University of New York, Queens College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70136361,"text":"ofr20141262 - 2014 - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration hydrographic survey data used in a U.S. Geological Survey regional geologic framework study along the Delmarva Peninsula","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-30T15:13:08","indexId":"ofr20141262","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-30T16:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1262","title":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration hydrographic survey data used in a U.S. Geological Survey regional geologic framework study along the Delmarva Peninsula","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey initiated a research effort in 2014 to define the geologic framework of the Delmarva Peninsula inner continental shelf, which included new data collection and assembly of relevant extant datasets. Between 2006 and 2011, Science Applications International Corporation, under contract to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Ocean Service, carried out 23 hydrographic surveys covering more than 4,100 square kilometers of the continental shelf using Reson multibeam echosounders and Klein towed sidescan sonars to update nautical charts along the Delmarva Peninsula. Acoustic backscatter data from these instruments are valuable for characterizing aspects of shallow geologic framework, including seafloor geology, sediment transport pathways, and marine resources. The data cover an area that extends from the entrance of Delaware Bay, Delaware, south to Parramore Island, Virginia, in water depths of about 3 to 35 meters below mean lower low water. Data were collected along lines spaced 40 meters apart, resulting in 40 to 100 percent seafloor coverage for multibeam bathymetry. Processed bathymetric data within the Delmarva Peninsula study area are available through a National Ocean Service interactive map interface, but towed sidescan data products are limited, and multibeam backscatter data products have not been available in the past.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>The U.S. Geological Survey obtained raw Reson multibeam data files from Science Applications International Corporation and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for 20 hydrographic surveys and extracted backscatter data using the Fledermaus Geocoder Toolbox from Quality Positioning Service. The backscatter mosaics produced by the U.S. Geological Survey for the inner continental shelf of the Delmarva Peninsula using National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration data increased regional geophysical surveying efficiency, collaboration among government agencies, and the area over which geologic data can be interpreted by the U.S. Geological Survey. This report describes the methods by which the backscatter data were extracted and processed and includes backscatter mosaics and interpolated bathymetric surfaces.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141262","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","usgsCitation":"Pendleton, E., Brothers, L., Thieler, E.R., Danforth, W.W., and Parker, C., 2014, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration hydrographic survey data used in a U.S. Geological Survey regional geologic framework study along the Delmarva Peninsula: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1262, v, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141262.","productDescription":"v, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060425","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296950,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141262.jpg"},{"id":296949,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1262/pdf/ofr2014-1262.pdf","size":"7.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296948,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1262/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Delmarva Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.728515625,\n              36.99377838872517\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.728515625,\n              39.66491373749128\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.970703125,\n              39.66491373749128\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.970703125,\n              36.99377838872517\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.728515625,\n              36.99377838872517\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a9de4b08de9379b313d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pendleton, Elizabeth A. ependleton@usgs.gov","contributorId":2863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendleton","given":"Elizabeth A.","email":"ependleton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brothers, Laura L. lbrothers@usgs.gov","contributorId":4502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brothers","given":"Laura L.","email":"lbrothers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thieler, E. Robert 0000-0003-4311-9717 rthieler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-9717","contributorId":2488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"E.","email":"rthieler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Danforth, William W. 0000-0002-6382-9487 bdanforth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6382-9487","contributorId":3292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danforth","given":"William","email":"bdanforth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Parker, Castle E.","contributorId":61754,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parker","given":"Castle E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70136360,"text":"pp1810 - 2014 - Postglacial eruptive history, geochemistry, and recent seismicity of Aniakchak volcano, Alaska Peninsula","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T13:24:41","indexId":"pp1810","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-30T15:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1810","title":"Postglacial eruptive history, geochemistry, and recent seismicity of Aniakchak volcano, Alaska Peninsula","docAbstract":"<p>Aniakchak is a Pleistocene to Holocene composite volcano of the Alaska&ndash;Aleutian arc that suffered at least one caldera-forming eruption in postglacial time and last erupted in 1931. The oldest recognized postglacial eruption, Aniakchak&nbsp;I, produced andesite ignimbrite ca. 9,500&ndash;7,500&nbsp;<sup>14</sup>C yr B.P. Subsequently, a vent northeast of the summit issued dacite&ndash;rhyodacite magma ca. 7,000 <sup>14</sup>C yr B.P. mainly as the Black Nose Pumice falls. The ca.&nbsp;3,430 <sup>14</sup>C yr B.P. Aniakchak&nbsp;II eruption produced rhyodacite plinian fall followed by rhyodacite and andesite ignimbrite extending &ge;50&nbsp;km to the Bering Sea and Pacific coasts and resulted in collapse of the 10-km-diameter caldera.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Postcaldera vents are mainly on the caldera ring-fracture system. The earliest extruded small dacite domes into a deep caldera lake and a lava flow on the northwest flank. Three basaltic andesite&ndash;andesite tuff cones were constructed on the eastern caldera floor after catastrophic draining of the lake by ~200&nbsp;m. Dacite&ndash;andesite magmas issued from Vent Mountain and Half Cone starting as early as ~1,000 years ago. Plinian eruption at Half Cone ~400&nbsp;<sup>14</sup>C yr B.P. yielded widespread dacite Pink and overlying andesite Brown Pumice fall deposits. Strombolian eruption of basaltic andesite built Blocky Cone after Half Cone and most Vent Mountain activity. The most recent eruption, in 1931, yielded dacite&ndash;rhyodacite tephra followed by relatively voluminous andesite tephra and ended with minor basaltic andesite.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Current indications of an active magmatic system include high <sup>3</sup>He/<sup>4</sup>He of CO<sub>2</sub>-rich gas at intracaldera Surprise Lake, InSAR pattern of caldera floor subsidence, and episodic seismicity. The majority of earthquakes are long-period (LP) events. Epicenters for 135 (2009&ndash;2012; M<sub>L</sub> &le;2.1) define a bow-tie pattern elongated parallel to plate convergence. Hypocenters identify events14&ndash;28&nbsp;km below sea level (bsl), few events 7&ndash;14&nbsp;km bsl beneath the caldera, and events &lt;10&nbsp;km bsl concentrated under Vent Mountain. Recent seismicity is consistent with long-lived mush in the quiet zone, from which magma escapes to be stored ephemerally to within ~2.5&nbsp;km bsl.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Future volcanic activity of Aniakchak could include hydromagmatic explosions, possibly followed by effusion or strombolian eruption of basaltic andesite to Plinian eruption of dacite. Another voluminous eruption, such as Aniakchak II, is considered unlikely in the near future.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1810","usgsCitation":"Bacon, C.R., Neal, C.A., Miller, T.P., McGimsey, R.G., and Nye, C.J., 2014, Postglacial eruptive history, geochemistry, and recent seismicity of Aniakchak volcano, Alaska Peninsula: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1810, Report: v, 74 p.; 2 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1810.","productDescription":"Report: v, 74 p.; 2 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"84","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056220","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296945,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp1810.gif"},{"id":296943,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1810/downloads/pp1810_appendixA_tablesA1A2.xlsx","text":"Appendix A","size":"19 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":296944,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1810/downloads/pp1810_appendixB_tablesB1B2.xlsx","text":"Appendix B","size":"391 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":296942,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1810/downloads/pp1810.pdf","size":"41 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296937,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1810/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Aniakchak Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -160.015869140625,\n              56.34090120419907\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.015869140625,\n              57.7569377956732\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.0662841796875,\n              57.7569377956732\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.0662841796875,\n              56.34090120419907\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.015869140625,\n              56.34090120419907\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2aa3e4b08de9379b3157","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bacon, Charles R. 0000-0002-2165-5618 cbacon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":2909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"Charles","email":"cbacon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neal, Christina A. 0000-0002-7697-7825 tneal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7697-7825","contributorId":639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"Christina","email":"tneal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Thomas P. tmiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":4183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Thomas","email":"tmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGimsey, Robert G. 0000-0001-5379-7779 mcgimsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5379-7779","contributorId":2352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGimsey","given":"Robert","email":"mcgimsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nye, Christopher J.","contributorId":55418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nye","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70134547,"text":"ofr20141247 - 2014 - Meteorological data for selected sites along the Colorado River Corridor, Arizona, 2011-13","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-29T15:53:45","indexId":"ofr20141247","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-29T16:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1247","title":"Meteorological data for selected sites along the Colorado River Corridor, Arizona, 2011-13","docAbstract":"<p><span>This report presents data from 14 automated weather stations collected as part of an ongoing monitoring program within the Grand Canyon National Park and Glen Canyon Recreation Area along the Colorado River Corridor in Arizona. Weather data presented in this document include precipitation, wind speed, maximum wind gusts, wind direction, barometric pressure, relative humidity, and air temperature collected by the Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center at 4-minute intervals between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2013, using automated weather stations consisting of a data logger and a weather transmitter equipped with a piezoelectric sensor, ultrasonic transducers, and capacitive thermal and pressure sensors. Data collection was discontinuous because of station additions, station removals, changes in permits, and equipment failure. A large volume of data was collected for each station. These data are part of a larger research effort focused on physical processes affecting landscapes and archaeological-site stability in the Colorado River Corridor&mdash;both natural processes (including meteorological events) and those related to the Glen Canyon Dam operations. Meteorological conditions during the study interval were warmer and drier than is typical, due to ongoing drought conditions during the time period studied. The El Ni&ntilde;o/Southern Oscillation was primarily in a neutral state during the reporting period.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141247","usgsCitation":"Caster, J., Dealy, T.P., Andrews, T., Fairley, H.C., East, A., and Sankey, J.B., 2014, Meteorological data for selected sites along the Colorado River Corridor, Arizona, 2011-13: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1247, Report: iv, 56 p.; 1 Table; 4 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141247.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 56 p.; 1 Table; 4 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"64","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2011-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-057292","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296915,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141247.jpg"},{"id":296913,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1247/downloads/ofr2014-1247_appendix3.xlsx","text":"Appendix 3","size":"119.8 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":296914,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1247/downloads/ofr2014-1247_appendix4.xlsx","text":"Appendix 4","size":"271 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":296908,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1247/"},{"id":296909,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1247/pdf/ofr2014-1247.pdf","size":"7.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296910,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1247/downloads/ofr2014-1247_table4.xlsx","text":"Table 4 - Daily Rain Totals","size":"63 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":296911,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1247/downloads/ofr2014-1247_appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"24 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":296912,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1247/downloads/ofr2014-1247_appendix2.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2","size":"22 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River Corridor","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.06005859375,\n              34.96699890670367\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.06005859375,\n              37.00255267215955\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.58837890625,\n              37.00255267215955\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.58837890625,\n              34.96699890670367\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.06005859375,\n              34.96699890670367\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a96e4b08de9379b311d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caster, Joshua J. jcaster@usgs.gov","contributorId":5644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caster","given":"Joshua J.","email":"jcaster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dealy, Timothy P.","contributorId":19263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dealy","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andrews, Timothy tandrews@usgs.gov","contributorId":4420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"Timothy","email":"tandrews@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fairley, Helen C. 0000-0001-6151-4804 hfairley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6151-4804","contributorId":3040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairley","given":"Helen","email":"hfairley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"East, Amy E. aeast@usgs.gov","contributorId":2472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"East","given":"Amy E.","email":"aeast@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sankey, Joel B. 0000-0003-3150-4992 jsankey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3150-4992","contributorId":3935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sankey","given":"Joel","email":"jsankey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70104563,"text":"ds69EE - 2014 - Petroleum systems and assessment of undiscovered oil and gas in the Anadarko Basin Province, Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas: USGS Province 58","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-07T14:28:32","indexId":"ds69EE","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-29T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69","chapter":"EE","title":"Petroleum systems and assessment of undiscovered oil and gas in the Anadarko Basin Province, Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas: USGS Province 58","docAbstract":"<p>This publication provides research results and related data in support of the U.S. Geological Survey assessment of the undiscovered oil and gas resource potential of the Anadarko Basin Province of western Oklahoma and Kansas, northern Texas, and southeastern Colorado. This province area includes the Las Animas arch of southeastern Colorado, part of the Palo Duro Basin of Texas, and the Anadarko Basin. Results of the geologic analysis and resource assessment are based on the geologic elements of each defined total petroleum system, including hydrocarbon source rocks (source-rock maturation, hydrocarbon generation and migration), reservoir rocks (sequence stratigraphic and petrophysical properties), hydrocarbon traps (trapping mechanisms and timing), and seals. Using this geologic framework, the U.S. Geological Survey defined 2 total petroleum systems, the Woodford Composite total petroleum system and Pennsylvanian Composite total petroleum system and 12 included assessment units, and quantitatively estimated the undiscovered oil and gas resources within these conventional and continuous (unconventional) AUs.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>The 13 chapters included in U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series DDS&ndash;69&ndash;EE cover topics that range from the oil and gas resource assessment results (chapter 1 and 5&ndash;7), to geological, geochemical, and geophysical research across the province (chapters 3&ndash;11), tabular data and graphs in support of the assessment (chapter 12), and data releases of zmap-format grid files that were used to build petroleum system models and a standalone three-dimensional geologic model (chapter 13).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds69EE","usgsCitation":"Higley, D.K., 2014, Petroleum systems and assessment of undiscovered oil and gas in the Anadarko Basin Province, Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas: USGS Province 58: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 69, Full report: 409 p.; Chapters 1-13, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds69EE.","productDescription":"Full report: 409 p.; Chapters 1-13","numberOfPages":"409","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-039637","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296906,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds69EE.jpg"},{"id":296905,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-ee/pdf/dds69ee_BOOK.pdf","size":"107 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296904,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-ee/"},{"id":354819,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-ee/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"4.0 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"DDS 69-EE Version History"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Anadarko Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -103.1396484375,\n              34.34343606848294\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.1396484375,\n              39.16414104768742\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.20751953125,\n              39.16414104768742\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.20751953125,\n              34.34343606848294\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.1396484375,\n              34.34343606848294\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publicComments":"National and Global Assessment Anadarko Basin Province Assessment","revisedDate":"2018-06-07","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2aa1e4b08de9379b3150","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Higley, Debra K. 0000-0001-8024-9954 higley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8024-9954","contributorId":152663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higley","given":"Debra","email":"higley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70136050,"text":"fs20143122 - 2014 - Conflict minerals from the Democratic Republic of the Congo: global tantalum processing plants, a critical part of the tantalum supply chain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-29T13:50:10","indexId":"fs20143122","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-29T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3122","title":"Conflict minerals from the Democratic Republic of the Congo: global tantalum processing plants, a critical part of the tantalum supply chain","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) analyzes mineral and metal supply chains to identify and describe major components of mineral and metal material flows from ore extraction, through intermediate forms, to a final product. Supply chain analyses may be used (1) to identify risks to the United States associated with the supply of critical and strategic minerals and metals and (2) to provide greater supply chain transparency so that policymakers have the fact-based information needed to formulate public policy. This fact sheet focuses on the post-mining/pre-consumer-product part of the tantalum supply chain. The USGS National Minerals Information Center (NMIC) has been asked by governmental and non-governmental organizations to provide information about tantalum, tin, tungsten, and gold (collectively known as &ldquo;3TG minerals&rdquo;) processing facilities worldwide in response to U.S. legislation aimed at identifying and removing the supply chain links between the trade in these minerals and civil unrest in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and adjacent countries.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Post-beneficiation processing plants (generally called smelters and refineries) for 3TG mineral ores and concentrates were identified by company and industry association representatives as being the link in the 3TG mineral supply chain through which these minerals can be traced to their source of origin (mine). The determination of the source of origin is critical to the development of a complete and transparent conflict-free mineral supply chain. Tungsten processing plants were the subject of the first fact sheet in this series published by USGS NMIC in August 2014. Background information about historical conditions and multinational stakeholders&rsquo; voluntary due diligence guidance for minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas is presented in the tungsten fact sheet. This fact sheet, the second in a series about 3TG minerals, focuses on the tantalum supply chain by listing selected processors that produced tantalum materials commercially worldwide during 2013&ndash;14. It does not provide any information regarding the sources of material processed in these facilities.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143122","usgsCitation":"Papp, J.F., 2014, Conflict minerals from the Democratic Republic of the Congo: global tantalum processing plants, a critical part of the tantalum supply chain: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3122, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143122.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061777","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296903,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143122.jpg"},{"id":296901,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3122/"},{"id":296902,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3122/pdf/fs20143122.pdf"}],"country":"Democratic Republic of the Congo","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              11.030273437499998,\n              -13.496472765758952\n            ],\n            [\n              11.030273437499998,\n              5.484768018141274\n            ],\n            [\n              31.46484375,\n              5.484768018141274\n            ],\n            [\n              31.46484375,\n              -13.496472765758952\n            ],\n            [\n              11.030273437499998,\n              -13.496472765758952\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a5fe4b08de9379b3024","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Papp, John F. jpapp@usgs.gov","contributorId":2895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papp","given":"John","email":"jpapp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70123988,"text":"cir1401 - 2014 - Why bother about wildlife disease?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-20T18:47:16.953565","indexId":"cir1401","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-29T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1401","title":"Why bother about wildlife disease?","docAbstract":"<p><span>In most developed countries, the maintenance of the numbers of wildlife</span><sup>1</sup><span>&nbsp;is vested in the natural resource agencies of those countries. During earlier times, game species were the primary focus of natural resource agencies</span><sup>2,3</sup><span>&nbsp;however, current wildlife conservation continues to transition towards a more holistic focus on biodiversity</span><sup>4</sup><span>&nbsp;and environmental health</span><sup>5,6</sup><span>. Nevertheless, that transition lags behind in addressing wildlife disease in &ldquo;&hellip;the struggle for existence between different forms of life&hellip;&rdquo;.</span><sup>7</sup><span>&nbsp;Thus, the primary objective of this presentation is to provide a pragmatic assessment of wildlife disease that is irrespective of one&rsquo;s orientation towards wildlife conservation. A secondary objective is to highlight the changing role of disease over time as a wildlife conservation factor. That transition is relevant to the insights provided for current and future efforts focused on sustaining global biodiversity and desired levels of wildlife populations in nature.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1401","usgsCitation":"Friend, M., 2014, Why bother about wildlife disease?: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1401, viii, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1401.","productDescription":"viii, 78 p.","numberOfPages":"90","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057416","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296898,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1401/"},{"id":296899,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1401/pdf/circ1401.pdf"},{"id":296900,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir1401.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2ad1e4b08de9379b3220","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friend, Milton 0000-0002-2882-3629","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2882-3629","contributorId":31332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friend","given":"Milton","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70128296,"text":"sir20145196 - 2014 - Modeling uncertainty in coal resource assessments, with an application to a central area of the Gillette coal field, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-28T14:29:05","indexId":"sir20145196","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-28T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5196","title":"Modeling uncertainty in coal resource assessments, with an application to a central area of the Gillette coal field, Wyoming","docAbstract":"<p>Standards for the public disclosure of mineral resources and reserves do not require the use of any specific methodology when it comes to estimating the reliability of the resources. Unbeknownst to most intended recipients of resource appraisals, such freedom commonly results in subjective opinions or estimations based on suboptimal approaches, such as use of distance methods. This report presents the results of a study of the third of three coal deposits in which drilling density has been increased one order of magnitude in three stages. Applying geostatistical simulation, the densest dataset was used to check the results obtained by modeling the sparser drillings. We have come up with two summary displays of results based on the same simulations, which individually and combined provide a better assessment of uncertainty than traditional qualitative resource classifications: (a) a display of cell 90 percent confidence interval versus cumulative cell tonnage, and (b) a histogram of total resources. The first graph allows classification of data into any number of bins with dividers to be decided by the assessor on the basis of a discriminating variable that is statistically accepted as a measure of uncertainty, thereby improving the quality and flexibility of the modeling. The second display expands the scope of the modeling by providing a quantitative measure of uncertainty for total tonnage, which is a fundamental concern for stockholders, geologists, and decision makers. Our approach allows us to correctly model uncertainty issues not possible to predict with distance methods, such as (a) different levels of uncertainty for individual beds with the same pattern and density of drill holes, (b) different local degrees of reduction of uncertainty with drilling densification reflecting fluctuation in the complexity of the geology, (c) average reduction in uncertainty at a disproportionately lesser rate than the reduction in area per drill hole, (d) the proportional effect of higher uncertainty in areas of higher tonnages, despite a regular drilling pattern, (e) the possibility of a local increase in uncertainty despite drilling densification to reflect a more complex geology as the deposit is known in more detail, and (f) for exactly the same drilling pattern, tonnage per individual beds with different uncertainty than the aggregated tonnage. These results should be considered realistic improvements over distance methods used for quantitative classification of uncertainty in coal resource, such as U.S. Geological Survey Circular 891.<sup>1</sup>&nbsp;The approach should be a welcome addition to the toolkit of Competent Persons preparing public disclosures according to international mineral codes such as those promoted by the Combined Reserves International Reporting Standards Committee<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;and the Joint Ore Reserve Committee.<sup>3</sup></p>\n<p><sup>1</sup>&nbsp;Wood, G.H., Jr., Kehn, T.M., Carter, M.D., and Culbertson, W.C., 1983, Coal resources classification system of the U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 891, 65 p.</p>\n<p><sup>2</sup>&nbsp;CRIRSCO (Combined Reserves International Reporting Standards Committee), 2013, International reporting template for the public reporting of exploration results, mineral resources and mineral reserves: Accessed February 2014 at&nbsp;http://www.crirsco.com/crirsco_template_may2013.pdf.</p>\n<p><sup>3</sup>&nbsp;JORC (Joint Ore Reserves Committee), 2012, Australasian code for reporting of exploration results, mineral resources and ore reserves: Accessed September 2014 at http://www.jorc.org/docs/jorc_code2012.pdf.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145196","usgsCitation":"Olea, R., and Luppens, J.A., 2014, Modeling uncertainty in coal resource assessments, with an application to a central area of the Gillette coal field, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5196, v, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145196.","productDescription":"v, 46 p.","numberOfPages":"56","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057123","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296895,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145196.jpg"},{"id":296894,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5196/pdf/sir2014_5196.pdf","size":"13.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":296878,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5196/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Gillette Coal Field","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.99884033203125,\n              43.26920624914964\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.99884033203125,\n              44.56307730757893\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.01281738281249,\n              44.56307730757893\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.01281738281249,\n              43.26920624914964\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.99884033203125,\n              43.26920624914964\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a98e4b08de9379b312a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808 rolea@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":1401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo A.","email":"rolea@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luppens, James A. 0000-0001-7607-8750 jluppens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7607-8750","contributorId":550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luppens","given":"James","email":"jluppens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70124604,"text":"sir20145174 - 2014 - Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the Sierra Nevada Regional study unit, 2008: California GAMA Priority Basin Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-28T14:06:26","indexId":"sir20145174","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-28T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5174","title":"Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the Sierra Nevada Regional study unit, 2008: California GAMA Priority Basin Project","docAbstract":"<p>Groundwater quality in the Sierra Nevada Regional (SNR) study unit was investigated as part of the California State Water Resources Control Board&rsquo;s Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment Program Priority Basin Project. The study was designed to provide statistically unbiased assessments of the quality of untreated groundwater within the primary aquifer system of the Sierra Nevada. The primary aquifer system for the SNR study unit was delineated by the depth intervals over which wells in the State of California&rsquo;s database of public drinking-water supply wells are open or screened. Two types of assessments were made: (1) a status assessment that described the current quality of the groundwater resource, and (2) an evaluation of relations between groundwater quality and potential explanatory factors that represent characteristics of the primary aquifer system. The assessments characterize untreated groundwater quality, rather than the quality of treated drinking water delivered to consumers by water distributors.</p>\n<p>The status assessment was based on water-quality data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey from 83 wells in the SNR study unit in 2008 and from 117 wells in 3 small study units within the SNR study unit in 2006&ndash;07 and on water-quality data compiled in the State&rsquo;s database for 1,066 wells sampled in 2006&ndash;08. To provide some context for the results, water-quality data were converted to relative-concentrations (RCs), which are the sample concentrations divided by the concentrations of Federal or California regulatory and non-regulatory benchmarks for drinking-water quality. RCs for inorganic constituents (major ions, trace elements, nutrients, and radioactive constituents) were classified as &ldquo;high&rdquo; (RC &gt; 1.0, indicating that concentration is above the benchmark), &ldquo;moderate&rdquo; (1.0 &ge; RC &gt; 0.5), or &ldquo;low&rdquo; (RC &le; 0.5). For organic constituents (volatile organic compounds and pesticides) and special-interest constituents (perchlorate and&nbsp;<i>N</i>-nitrosodimethylamine [NDMA]), the boundary between moderate and low RCs was set at 0.1. All benchmarks used for organic constituents were health-based, whereas health-based and aesthetic-based benchmarks were used for inorganic constituents.</p>\n<p>The primary metric used for quantifying regional-scale groundwater quality was &ldquo;aquifer-scale proportion.&rdquo; Aquifer-scale proportions were calculated as the areal percentages of the primary aquifer system having high, moderate, and low RCs for a given constituent or class of constituents. The SNR study unit area was classified into four aquifer lithologic types&mdash;granitic rocks, metamorphic rocks, sedimentary deposits, and volcanic rocks&mdash;and aquifer-scale proportions were calculated on an area-weighted basis for each of the four aquifer lithologies and for the study unit as a whole (aggregated system).</p>\n<p>The results of the status assessment indicated that inorganic constituents were present at high and moderate RCs in greater proportions in the SNR study unit aggregated primary aquifer system than were organic constituents and that there were significant differences (p &lt; 0.05) between the four aquifer lithologies. One or more inorganic constituents with health-based benchmarks were present at high RCs in 16 percent of the aggregated primary aquifer system and at moderate RCs in 21 percent. Arsenic (9.7 percent), uranium (2.9 percent), boron (2.0 percent), fluoride (1.8 percent), and nitrate (1.4 percent) were the constituents most commonly present at high RCs.</p>\n<p>For inorganic constituents with aesthetic-based benchmarks, 18 percent of the aggregated primary aquifer system had high RCs of one or more constituent, and 6.8 percent had moderate RCs. Iron (15.8 percent), manganese (15.1 percent), and total dissolved solids (1.3 percent) were the constituents most commonly present at high RCs.</p>\n<p>Organic constituents were not detected in 72 percent of the primary aquifer system. One or more organic constituents had high RCs in 0.1 percent of the primary aquifer system, moderate RCs in 3.0 percent, and low RCs in 25 percent. Proportions of the four lithologic primary aquifer systems with high or moderate concentrations of organic constituents were not significantly different. Three organic constituents had area-weighted detection frequencies greater than 10 percent in the primary aquifer system as a whole or at least one of the four lithologic primary aquifer systems: the gasoline oxygenate methyl&nbsp;<i>tert</i>-butyl ether, the trihalomethane chloroform, and the herbicide simazine. The special-interest constituent perchlorate was detected at high RCs in 0.01 percent of the primary aquifer system and at moderate RCs in 1.0 percent, and detection frequencies could be accounted for by the distribution of perchlorate under natural conditions.</p>\n<p>Statistical tests were used to evaluate relations between constituent concentrations and potential explanatory factors descriptive of land use, geography, depth, geochemical conditions, and groundwater age. Higher concentrations of trace elements, radioactive constituents, and constituents with aesthetic-based benchmarks generally were associated with anoxic conditions, higher pH, and location within a particular compositional band in the Sierra Nevada batholith corresponding to the southwestern part of the study unit. High concentrations of organic constituents generally were associated with greater proportions of urban land use. No significant relations were observed between the concentrations of organic constituents and measures of well depth or groundwater age, perhaps because of the high proportions of springs and modern groundwater in the dataset.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145174","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Fram, M.S., and Belitz, K., 2014, Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the Sierra Nevada Regional study unit, 2008: California GAMA Priority Basin Project: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5174, x, 118 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145174.","productDescription":"x, 118 p.","numberOfPages":"132","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-035059","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296893,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145174.jpg"},{"id":296877,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5174/"},{"id":296892,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5174/pdf/sir2014-5174.pdf","size":"10.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area Conic Projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.541015625,\n              32.52828936482526\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.541015625,\n              41.96765920367816\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.08203125,\n              41.96765920367816\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.08203125,\n              32.52828936482526\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.541015625,\n              32.52828936482526\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publicComments":"A product of the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2ab7e4b08de9379b31a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70124605,"text":"fs20143096 - 2014 - Groundwater quality in the Sierra Nevada, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-28T13:57:11","indexId":"fs20143096","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-28T13:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3096","title":"Groundwater quality in the Sierra Nevada, California","docAbstract":"<p>Groundwater provides more than 40 percent of California&rsquo;s drinking water. To protect this vital resource, the State of California created the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The Priority Basin Project (PBP) of the GAMA Program provides a comprehensive assessment of the State&rsquo;s groundwater quality and increases public access to groundwater-quality information. The Sierra Nevada Regional study unit constitutes one of the study units being evaluated.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143096","collaboration":"U.S. Geological Survey and the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Fram, M.S., and Belitz, K., 2014, Groundwater quality in the Sierra Nevada, California: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3096, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143096.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-035060","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296891,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143096.JPG"},{"id":296872,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3096/"},{"id":296890,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3096/pdf/fs2014-3096.pdf","size":"1.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.06909179687501,\n              34.79576153473033\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.06909179687501,\n              40.47202439692057\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.35595703124999,\n              40.47202439692057\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.35595703124999,\n              34.79576153473033\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.06909179687501,\n              34.79576153473033\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a84e4b08de9379b30c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70176908,"text":"70176908 - 2014 - Managing the whole landscape: Historical, hybrid, and novel ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-13T09:21:12","indexId":"70176908","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1701,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Managing the whole landscape: Historical, hybrid, and novel ecosystems","docAbstract":"<p><span>The reality confronting ecosystem managers today is one of heterogeneous, rapidly transforming landscapes, particularly in the areas more affected by urban and agricultural development. A landscape management framework that incorporates all systems, across the spectrum of degrees of alteration, provides a fuller set of options for how and when to intervene, uses limited resources more effectively, and increases the chances of achieving management goals. That many ecosystems have departed so substantially from their historical trajectory that they defy conventional restoration is not in dispute. Acknowledging novel ecosystems need not constitute a threat to existing policy and management approaches. Rather, the development of an integrated approach to management interventions can provide options that are in tune with the current reality of rapid ecosystem change.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1890/130300","usgsCitation":"Hobbs, R.J., Higgs, E.S., Hall, C.M., Bridgewater, P., Chapin, F.S., Ewel, J.J., Ellis, E.C., Hallett, L.M., Harris, J., Hulvey, K.B., Jackson, S.T., Kennedy, P.L., Kueffer, C., Lach, L., Lantz, T.C., Lugo, A.E., Mascaro, J., Murphy, S.D., Nelson, C., Perring, M.P., Richardson, D.M., Seastedt, T., Standish, R.J., Starzomski, B.M., Suding, K.N., Tognetti, P.M., Yakob, L., and Yung, L., 2014, Managing the whole landscape: Historical, hybrid, and novel ecosystems: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, v. 12, no. 10, p. 557-564, https://doi.org/10.1890/130300.","startPage":"557","endPage":"564","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-052244","costCenters":[{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472568,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/130300","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":329517,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ffdf00e4b0824b2d179d00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hobbs, Richard J.","contributorId":175282,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hobbs","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":27556,"text":"University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":650676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Higgs, Eric S.","contributorId":175283,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Higgs","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":27557,"text":"University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":650677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hall, Carol M.","contributorId":175284,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":27557,"text":"University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":650678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bridgewater, Peter","contributorId":175285,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bridgewater","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27558,"text":"United Nations University, Yokohama, Japan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":650679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chapin, F. 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,{"id":70193846,"text":"70193846 - 2014 - Making decisions in complex landscapes: Headwater stream management across multiple federal agencies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-21T10:27:25","indexId":"70193846","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Making decisions in complex landscapes: Headwater stream management across multiple federal agencies","docAbstract":"<p>Headwater stream ecosystems are vulnerable to numerous threats associated with climate and land use change. In the northeastern US, many headwater stream species (e.g., brook trout and stream salamanders) are of special conservation concern and may be vulnerable to climate change influences, such as changes in stream temperature and streamflow. Federal land management agencies (e.g., US Fish and Wildlife Service, National Park Service, USDA Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management and Department of Defense) are required to adopt policies that respond to climate change and may have longer-term institutional support to enforce such policies compared to state, local, non-governmental, or private land managers. However, federal agencies largely make management decisions in regards to headwater stream ecosystems independently. This fragmentation of management resources and responsibilities across the landscape may significantly impede the efficiency and effectiveness of conservation actions, and higher degrees of collaboration may be required to achieve conservation goals. This project seeks to provide an example of cooperative landscape decision-making to address the conservation of headwater stream ecosystems. We identified shared and contrasting objectives of each federal&nbsp;agency and potential collaboration opportunities that may increase efficient and effective management of headwater stream ecosystems in two northeastern US watersheds. These workshops provided useful insights into the adaptive capacity of federal institutions to address threats to headwater stream ecosystems. Our ultimate goal is to provide a decision-making framework and analysis that addresses large-scale conservation threats across multiple stakeholders, as a demonstration of cooperative landscape conservation for aquatic ecosystems. Additionally, we aim to provide new scientific knowledge and a regional perspective to resource managers to help inform local management decisions.</p>","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Katz, R., Campbell Grant, E.H., Runge, M.C., Connery, B., Crockett, M., Herland, L., Johnson, S., Kirk, D., Wofford, J., Bennett, R., Nislow, K., Norris, M., Hocking, D., Letcher, B., and Roy, A.H., 2014, Making decisions in complex landscapes: Headwater stream management across multiple federal agencies, 26 p.","productDescription":"26 p.","ipdsId":"IP-059665","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350129,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350126,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://necsc.umass.edu/biblio/making-decisions-complex-landscapes-headwater-stream-management-across-multiple-federal-agenc"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine, New Hampshire, Virginia, West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Merrimack Watershed, Potomac Watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.9879150390625,\n              44.24126379833976\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.0538330078125,\n              43.8503744993026\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.0101318359375,\n              44.10730980734024\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.72448730468749,\n              44.71161010858431\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.9879150390625,\n              44.24126379833976\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.98046875,\n              39.35129035526705\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.309814453125,\n              37.78808138412046\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.255126953125,\n              36.85325222344018\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.84912109375,\n              38.788345355085625\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.98046875,\n              39.35129035526705\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a61003fe4b06e28e9c253bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Katz, Rachel","contributorId":201422,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Katz","given":"Rachel","affiliations":[{"id":6932,"text":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":725253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell Grant, Evan H. 0000-0003-4401-6496 ehgrant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4401-6496","contributorId":150443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell Grant","given":"Evan","email":"ehgrant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Runge, Michael C. 0000-0002-8081-536X mrunge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":3358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"Michael","email":"mrunge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Connery, Bruce","contributorId":201426,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Connery","given":"Bruce","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25368,"text":"National Park Service, Acadia National Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":725256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crockett, Marquette","contributorId":201428,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crockett","given":"Marquette","affiliations":[{"id":12428,"text":"U. 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Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":725258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Johnson, Sheela","contributorId":201430,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Sheela","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27110,"text":"U.S. Dept of Agriculture, Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":725259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kirk, Dawn","contributorId":201431,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirk","given":"Dawn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27110,"text":"U.S. Dept of Agriculture, Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":725260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wofford, Jeb","contributorId":201432,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wofford","given":"Jeb","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":20307,"text":"US National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":725261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Bennett, Rick","contributorId":201433,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bennett","given":"Rick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":725262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Nislow, Keith","contributorId":201434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nislow","given":"Keith","affiliations":[{"id":27110,"text":"U.S. Dept of Agriculture, Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":725263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Norris, Marian","contributorId":201435,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Norris","given":"Marian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":20307,"text":"US National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":725264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Hocking, Daniel 0000-0003-1889-9184 dhocking@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1889-9184","contributorId":149618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hocking","given":"Daniel","email":"dhocking@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Letcher, Benjamin 0000-0003-0191-5678 bletcher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":169305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"Benjamin","email":"bletcher@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Roy, Allison H. 0000-0002-8080-2729 aroy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8080-2729","contributorId":4240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"Allison","email":"aroy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}}
,{"id":70188055,"text":"70188055 - 2014 - Radiometric cross calibration of Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-31T16:09:53","indexId":"70188055","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radiometric cross calibration of Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+)","docAbstract":"<p><span>This study evaluates the radiometric consistency between Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) using cross calibration techniques. Two approaches are used, one based on cross calibration between the two sensors using simultaneous image pairs, acquired during an underfly event on 29–30 March 2013. The other approach is based on using time series of image statistics acquired by these two sensors over the Libya 4 pseudo invariant calibration site (PICS) (+28.55°N, +23.39°E). Analyses from these approaches show that the reflectance calibration of OLI is generally within ±3% of the ETM+ radiance calibration for all the reflective bands from visible to short wave infrared regions when the ChKur solar spectrum is used to convert the ETM+ radiance to reflectance. Similar results are obtained comparing the OLI radiance calibration directly with the ETM+ radiance calibration and the results in these two different physical units (radiance and reflectance) agree to within ±2% for all the analogous bands. These results will also be useful to tie all the Landsat heritage sensors from Landsat 1 MultiSpectral Scanner (MSS) through Landsat-8 OLI to a consistent radiometric scale.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/rs61212619","usgsCitation":"Mishra, N., Haque, O., Leigh, L., Aaron, D., Helder, D., and Markham, B.L., 2014, Radiometric cross calibration of Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+): Remote Sensing, v. 6, no. 12, p. 12619-12638, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs61212619.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"12619","endPage":"12638","ipdsId":"IP-058467","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs61212619","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341875,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592e84c0e4b092b266f10d64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mishra, Nischal nischal.mishra.ctr@usgs.gov","contributorId":148000,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mishra","given":"Nischal","email":"nischal.mishra.ctr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haque, Obaidul 0000-0002-0914-1446 ohaque@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0914-1446","contributorId":4691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haque","given":"Obaidul","email":"ohaque@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":40546,"text":"KBR, Contractor to the USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":696334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leigh, Larry","contributorId":192383,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leigh","given":"Larry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aaron, David","contributorId":83809,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aaron","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5089,"text":"South Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":696491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Helder, Dennis 0000-0002-7379-4679","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7379-4679","contributorId":99714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helder","given":"Dennis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Markham, Brian L. 0000-0002-9612-8169","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9612-8169","contributorId":121488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markham","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70127389,"text":"70127389 - 2014 - Mineral resource of the month: Strontium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-21T17:18:56.153044","indexId":"70127389","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-24T12:15:21","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1419,"text":"Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral resource of the month: Strontium","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geosciences Institute","usgsCitation":"Ober, J., 2014, Mineral resource of the month: Strontium: Earth, HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","ipdsId":"IP-006160","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375002,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":375001,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.earthmagazine.org/article/mineral-resource-month-strontium"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ober, Joyce A. 0000-0003-1608-5611","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1608-5611","contributorId":116505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ober","given":"Joyce A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70126414,"text":"70126414 - 2014 - Foraging and predation risk for larval cisco (Coregonus artedi) in Lake Superior: A modelling synthesis of empirical survey data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-07T15:39:19.129184","indexId":"70126414","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foraging and predation risk for larval cisco (Coregonus artedi) in Lake Superior: A modelling synthesis of empirical survey data","docAbstract":"<p><span>The relative importance of predation and food availability as contributors to larval cisco (</span><i>Coregonus artedi</i><span>) mortality in Lake Superior were investigated using a visual foraging model to evaluate potential predation pressure by rainbow smelt (</span><i>Osmerus mordax</i><span>) and a bioenergetic model to evaluate potential starvation risk. The models were informed by observations of rainbow smelt, larval cisco, and zooplankton abundance at three Lake Superior locations during the period of spring larval cisco emergence and surface-oriented foraging. Predation risk was highest at Black Bay, ON, where average rainbow smelt densities in the uppermost 10 m of the water column were &gt;1000&nbsp;ha</span><sup>&minus;1</sup><span>. Turbid conditions at the Twin Ports, WI-MN, affected larval cisco predation risk because rainbow smelt remained suspended in the upper water column during daylight, placing them alongside larval cisco during both day and night hours. Predation risk was low at Cornucopia, WI, owing to low smelt densities (&lt;400&nbsp;ha</span><sup>&minus;1</sup><span>) and deep light penetration, which kept rainbow smelt near the lakebed and far from larvae during daylight. In situ zooplankton density estimates were low compared to the values used to develop the larval coregonid bioenergetics model, leading to predictions of negative growth rates for 10&nbsp;mm larvae at all three locations. The model predicted that 15&nbsp;mm larvae were capable of attaining positive growth at Cornucopia and the Twin Ports where low water temperatures (2&ndash;6&nbsp;&deg;C) decreased their metabolic costs. Larval prey resources were highest at Black Bay but warmer water temperatures there offset the benefit of increased prey availability. A sensitivity analysis performed on the rainbow smelt visual foraging model showed that it was relatively insensitive, while the coregonid bioenergetics model showed that the absolute growth rate predictions were highly sensitive to input parameters (i.e., 20% parameter perturbation led to order of magnitude differences in model estimates). Our modelling indicated that rainbow smelt predation may limit larval cisco survival at Black Bay and to a lesser extent at Twin Ports, and that starvation may be a major source of mortality at all three locations. The framework we describe has the potential to further our understanding of the relative importance of starvation and predation on larval fish survivorship, provided information on prey resources available to larvae are measured at sufficiently fine spatial scales and the models provide a realistic depiction of the dynamic processes that the larvae experience.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.09.009","usgsCitation":"Myers, J.T., Yule, D., Jones, M., Quinlan, H.R., and Berglund, E.K., 2014, Foraging and predation risk for larval cisco (Coregonus artedi) in Lake Superior: A modelling synthesis of empirical survey data: Ecological Modelling, v. 294, p. 71-83, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.09.009.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"83","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054122","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296791,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.13134765625,\n              46.51351558059737\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.13134765625,\n              49.023461463214126\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.375,\n              49.023461463214126\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.375,\n              46.51351558059737\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.13134765625,\n              46.51351558059737\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"294","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2ba2e4b08de9379b3440","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Myers, Jared T. 0009-0004-9362-8792","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9362-8792","contributorId":119508,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Myers","given":"Jared","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6600,"text":"Qauntitative Fisheries Center, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":519556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yule, Daniel L. dyule@usgs.gov","contributorId":2502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yule","given":"Daniel L.","email":"dyule@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Michael L.","contributorId":119922,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Michael L.","affiliations":[{"id":6600,"text":"Qauntitative Fisheries Center, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":519557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Quinlan, Henry R.","contributorId":117465,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quinlan","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":519555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Berglund, Eric K.","contributorId":115926,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berglund","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70135700,"text":"ds906 - 2014 - Digital data for preliminary geologic map of the Mount Hood 30- by 60-minute quadrangle, northern Cascade Range, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-23T16:48:43","indexId":"ds906","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-23T17:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"906","title":"Digital data for preliminary geologic map of the Mount Hood 30- by 60-minute quadrangle, northern Cascade Range, Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>The Mount Hood 30- by 60-minute quadrangle covers the axis and east flank of the Cascade Range in northern Oregon. Its namesake, Mount Hood volcano, dominates the view in the northwest quarter of the quadrangle, but the entire area is underlain by Oligocene and younger volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Cascade Range. Since the time of the Columbia River Basalt Group about 15 million years (m.y.) ago, the locus and composition of Cascade Range volcanism have shifted sporadically across the map area. Andesitic eruptions were predominant in the western part from about 14 to 10 m.y. ago (Salmon and Sandy Rivers area), producing the Rhododendron Formation and overlying lava flows. From about 8 to 6.5 m.y. ago, lithic pyroclastic debris of the Dalles Formation was shed by chiefly andesitic volcanoes in the north-central part of the map area (Hood River valley escarpment). Andesitic to dacitic volcanism was again predominant about 5 to 3 m.y. ago, with known eruptive centers located from Lookout Mountain westward to Lolo Pass, probably including the area now occupied by Mount Hood. A major episode of mafic volcanism-basalt and basaltic andesite-began about 3-4 m.y. ago and lasted until about 2 m.y. ago. Volcanism since about 2 m.y. ago has been concentrated along the axis of the High Cascades. North and south of Mount Hood these youngest rocks are predominantly basaltic andesite lava flows; whereas at Mount Hood itself, andesite is predominant, forming pyroclastic and debris-flow deposits and lava flows.</p>\n<p>This geodatabase contains information derived from legacy mapping that was published in 1995 as U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-219. The main component of this publication is a geologic map database prepared using geographic information system (GIS) applications. Included are pdf files to view or print the map sheet, the accompanying pamphlet from Open-File Report 95-219, and links to the original publication, which is available as scanned files in pdf format.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds906","collaboration":"Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries","usgsCitation":"Lina Ma, Sherrod, D.R., and Scott, W.E., 2014, Digital data for preliminary geologic map of the Mount Hood 30- by 60-minute quadrangle, northern Cascade Range, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 906, Report: 6 p.; Plate: 47.99 x 35.98 in.; 5 Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds906.","productDescription":"Report: 6 p.; Plate: 47.99 x 35.98 in.; 5 Tables","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056523","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296871,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds906.jpg"},{"id":296863,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0906/"},{"id":296864,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0906/pdf/ds906_quickreferenceguide.pdf"},{"id":296865,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0906/pdf/ds906_geologyplotfile.pdf"},{"id":296866,"rank":4,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0906/metadata.html"},{"id":296867,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0906/tables.html"},{"id":296868,"rank":6,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0906/downloads/ds906_esrishpfiles.zip"},{"id":296869,"rank":7,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0906/downloads/ds906_mapinfotabfiles.zip"},{"id":296870,"rank":8,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0906/excelfiles.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Northern Cascade Range","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.60693359374999,\n              41.983994270935625\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.60693359374999,\n              46.164614496897094\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.87255859374999,\n              46.164614496897094\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.87255859374999,\n              41.983994270935625\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.60693359374999,\n              41.983994270935625\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a6ae4b08de9379b3046","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lina Ma","contributorId":130986,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lina Ma","affiliations":[{"id":7198,"text":"Oregon Department Geology and Mineral Industries","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherrod, David R. 0000-0001-9460-0434 dsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9460-0434","contributorId":527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"David","email":"dsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scott, William E. 0000-0001-8156-979X wescott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8156-979X","contributorId":1725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"William","email":"wescott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70136074,"text":"ofr20141226 - 2014 - Groundwater quality in central New York, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-22T16:18:25","indexId":"ofr20141226","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-22T17:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1226","title":"Groundwater quality in central New York, 2012","docAbstract":"<p><span>Water samples were collected from 14 production wells and 15 private wells in central New York from August through December 2012 in a study conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. The samples were analyzed to characterize the groundwater quality in unconsolidated and bedrock aquifers in this area. Fifteen of the wells are finished in sand-and-gravel aquifers, and 14 are finished in bedrock aquifers. Six of the 29 wells were sampled in a previous central New York study, which was conducted in 2007. Water samples from the 2012 study were analyzed for 147 physiochemical properties and constituents, including major ions, nutrients, trace elements, radionuclides, pesticides, volatile organic compounds, dissolved gases (argon, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen, oxygen), and indicator bacteria. Results of the water-quality analyses are presented in tabular form for individual wells, and summary statistics for specific constituents are presented by aquifer type. The results are compared with Federal and New York State drinking-water standards, which typically are identical. The results indicate that the groundwater generally is of acceptable quality, although for all of the wells sampled, at least one of the following constituents was detected at a concentration that exceeded current or proposed Federal or New York State drinking-water standards: color (2 samples), pH (7 samples), sodium (9 samples), chloride (2 samples), fluoride (2 samples), sulfate (2 samples), dissolved solids (8 samples), aluminum (4 samples), arsenic (1 sample), iron (9 samples), manganese (13 samples), radon-222 (13 samples), total coliform bacteria (6 samples), and heterotrophic bacteria (2 samples). Drinking-water standards for nitrate, nitrite, antimony, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, selenium, silver, thallium, zinc, gross alpha radioactivity, uranium, fecal coliform, and&nbsp;</span><i>Escherichia coli</i><span>were not exceeded in any of the samples collected. None of the pesticides or volatile organic compounds analyzed exceeded drinking-water standards. Methane was detected in 11 sand-and-gravel wells and 9 bedrock wells. Five of the 14 bedrock wells had water with methane concentrations approaching 10 mg/L; water in one bedrock well had 37 mg/L of methane.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141226","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Reddy, J.E., 2014, Groundwater quality in central New York, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1226, Report: v, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141226.","productDescription":"Report: v, 13 p.","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2012-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-051719","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296857,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141226.jpg"},{"id":296854,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1226/"},{"id":296855,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1226/pdf/ofr2014-1226.pdf","size":"1.75 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296856,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1226/appendix/ofr2014-1226_appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"89.3 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.62939453125,\n              42.167475010395336\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.62939453125,\n              43.75522505306928\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.02014160156249,\n              43.75522505306928\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.02014160156249,\n              42.167475010395336\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.62939453125,\n              42.167475010395336\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a84e4b08de9379b30be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reddy, James E. 0000-0002-6998-7267 jreddy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6998-7267","contributorId":1080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"James","email":"jreddy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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