This video provides a thorough discussion of storm surge, one of the most dangerous elements of hurricanes and major storms. This video illustrates basic storm surge principles, shows actual footage of storm surge damage and relates high-water level data collection by the U.S. Geological Survey to the task of recreating the storm surge event.
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U.S. Geological Survey
4446 Pet Lane, Suite 108
Lutz, FL 33559
A consistent, basin-wide set of data for streams in the Trinity River Basin is necessary to provide a baseline for current conditions, to compare with historical data, and to provide a reference for future studies by the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. In addition, the basin-wide surveys begin the process of addressing the cause-effect relation for water quality in the basin. Effects of land use, geology, vegetation, soils, and reservoirs on water quality were considered by site selection. Seasonal differences were addressed by conducting two surveys, the first during the winter low-flow period and the second during the late spring high-flow period.
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Sampling began in March 1994 and will continue for 1 year. Sampling frequency ranges from four times per month in May and June to once per month in July. Stream-stage measurements were made three times per week from April to September. Field measurements during sampling include stream stage and discharge, water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and specific conductance. Laboratory analyses include major inorganic ions, nutrients, sediment, and pesticides.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs14195","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1995, National Water-Quality Assessment Program; summary of pesticide data collected on Whites Bayou near Anahuac, Texas, March to September 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 141-95, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs14195.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":32084,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0141/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.10 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":125290,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0141/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Whites Bayou","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.4,\n 29\n ],\n [\n -95.4,\n 31\n ],\n [\n -94,\n 31\n ],\n [\n -94,\n 29\n ],\n [\n -95.4,\n 29\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db68805f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4887,"text":"ds21 - 1995 - Earth science photographs from the U.S. Geological Survey Library","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-26T13:09:44","indexId":"ds21","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"21","title":"Earth science photographs from the U.S. Geological Survey Library","docAbstract":"This CD-ROM set contains 1,500 scanned photographs from the U.S. Geological Survey Library for use as a photographic glossary of elementary geologic terms. Scholars are encouraged to copy these public domain images into their reports or databases to enhance their presentations. High-quality prints and (or) slides are available upon request from the library. This CD-ROM was produced in accordance with the ISO 9660 standard; however, it is intended for use on DOS-based computer systems only.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds21","issn":"1088-1018","usgsCitation":"McGregor, J.K., and Abston, C.C., 1995, Earth science photographs from the U.S. Geological Survey Library: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 21, 4 CD-ROMs, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds21.","productDescription":"4 CD-ROMs","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139971,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":352027,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0021/ds21_1.zip","text":"Disc 1","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":352028,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0021/ds21_2.zip","text":"Disc 2","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":352029,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0021/ds21_3.zip","text":"Disc 3","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":352030,"rank":5,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0021/ds21_4.zip","text":"Disc 4","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c146","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGregor, Joseph K.","contributorId":100377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGregor","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abston, Carl C.","contributorId":32153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abston","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":25431,"text":"wri954122 - 1995 - Deposition and simulation of sediment transport in the Lower Susquehanna River reservoir system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-05T10:06:59","indexId":"wri954122","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4122","title":"Deposition and simulation of sediment transport in the Lower Susquehanna River reservoir system","docAbstract":"The Susquehanna River drains 27,510 square miles in New York, Pennsylvania, and Maryland and is the largest tributary to the Chesapeake Bay. Three large hydroelectric dams are located on the river, Safe Harbor (Lake Clarke) and Holtwood (Lake Aldred) in southern Pennsylvania, and Conowingo (Conowingo Reservoir) in northern Maryland. About 259 million tons of sediment have been deposited in the three reservoirs. Lake Clarke contains about 90.7 million tons of sediment, Lake Aldred contains about 13.6 million tons, and Conowingo Reservoir contains about 155 million tons. An estimated 64.8 million tons of sand, 19.7 million tons of coal, 112 million tons of silt, and 63.3 million tons of clay are deposited in the three reservoirs. Deposition in the reservoirs is variable and ranges from 0 to 30 feet. Chemical analyses of sediment core samples indicate that the three reservoirs combined contain about 814,000 tons of organic nitrogen, 98,900 tons of ammonia as nitrogen, 226,000 tons of phosphorus, 5,610,000 1tons of iron, 2,250,000 tons of aluminum, and about 409,000 tons of manganese. Historical data indicate that Lake Clarke and Lake Aldred have reached equilibrium, and that they no longer store sediment. A comparison of cross-sectional data from Lake Clarke and Lake Aldred with data from Conowingo Reservoir indicates that Conowingo Reservoir will reach equilibrium within the next 20 to 30 years. As the Conowingo Reservoir fills with sediment and approaches equilibrium, the amount of sediment transported to the Chesapeake Bay will increase. The most notable increases will take place when very high flows scour the deposited sediment. Sediment transport through the reservoir system was simulated with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' HEC-6 computer model. The model was calibrated with monthly sediment loads for calendar year 1987. Calibration runs with options set for maximum trap efficiency and a "natural" particle-size distribution resulted in an overall computed trap efficiency of 34 percent for 1987, much less than the measured efficiency of 71 percent.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954122","usgsCitation":"Hainly, R., Reed, L., Flippo, H., and Barton, G.J., 1995, Deposition and simulation of sediment transport in the Lower Susquehanna River reservoir system: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4122, vi, 39 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954122.","productDescription":"vi, 39 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124168,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4122/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54153,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4122/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db5455dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hainly, R.A.","contributorId":45732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hainly","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, L.A.","contributorId":14454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flippo, H.N. Jr.","contributorId":96301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flippo","given":"H.N.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barton, G. J.","contributorId":58660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70111616,"text":"70111616 - 1995 - Evaluation of 11 equations for determining evaporation for a small lake in the North Central United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T11:07:26","indexId":"70111616","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-05T15:52:16","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of 11 equations for determining evaporation for a small lake in the North Central United States","docAbstract":"Eleven equations for calculating evaporation were compared with evaporation determined by the energy budget method for Williams Lake, Minnesota. Data were obtained from instruments on a raft, on land near the lake, and at a weather station 60 km south of the lake. The comparisons were based on monthly values for the open-water periods of 5 years, a total of 22 months. A modified DeBruin-Keijman, Priestley-Taylor, and a modified Penman equation resulted in monthly evaporation values that agreed most closely with energy budget values. To use these equations, net radiation, air temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity need to be measured near the lake. In addition, thermal surveys need to be made to determine change in heat stored in the lake. If data from distant climate stations are the only data available, and they include solar radiation, the Jensen-Haise and Makkink equations resulted in monthly evaporation values that agreed reasonably well with energy budget values.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/94WR02537","usgsCitation":"Winter, T.C., Rosenberry, D.O., and Sturrock, A., 1995, Evaluation of 11 equations for determining evaporation for a small lake in the North Central United States: Water Resources Research, v. 31, no. 4, p. 983-993, https://doi.org/10.1029/94WR02537.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"983","endPage":"993","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":629,"text":"Water Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288127,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Williams Lake","volume":"31","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53919164e4b06f80638265c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winter, Thomas C.","contributorId":84736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenberry, Donald O. 0000-0003-0681-5641 rosenber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":1312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Donald","email":"rosenber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sturrock, A.M.","contributorId":25947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sturrock","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70156921,"text":"70156921 - 1995 - Seasonal-to-interannual fluctuations in surface temperature over the Pacific: effects of monthly winds and heat fluxes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-10T10:59:14","indexId":"70156921","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Seasonal-to-interannual fluctuations in surface temperature over the Pacific: effects of monthly winds and heat fluxes","docAbstract":"Monthly heat fluxes and wind stresses are used to force the Oberhuber isopycnic ocean general-circulation (OPYC) model of the Pacific basin over a two-decade period from 1970 to 1988. The surface forcings are constructed from COADS marine observations via bulk formulae. Monthly anomalies of the fluxes and stresses are superimposed upon model climatological means of these variables, which were saved from a long spin-up. Two aspects of this work are highlighted, both aimed at a better understanding of the atmosphere-ocean variability and exchanges and at diagnosing the performance of the OPYC model in simulating monthly to decadal-scale variability. The first is the evaluation of the data used to force the model ocean, along with its relationship to other observed data. The second is the diagnosis of the processes revealed in the model that are associated with sea surface temperature (SST) variability, including their seasonal and geographic structure.
\nAlthough both random and systematic errors arise from the marine data and the bulk formulations, large signals in the air-sea fluxes are nonetheless consistent with the large-scale atmospheric circulation anomalies over the Pacific. This signal is large in a composite prepared from months with similar circulation modes. Also, latent and sensible heat-flux anomaly patterns correspond well to those of SST anomaly tendencies. Considering short-period variations, SST anomaly tendencies have typical magnitudes of 0.3°C mo-1. These are associated with monthly mean flux anomalies having typical magnitudes of 50 W m-2 and are consistent with observed mixed-layer depths. Decadal anomalies have much smaller magnitudes, perhaps reduced by two orders of magnitude, and it is here that the signal-to-noise problem is more severe. The forcing terms are generally products of variables, so realistic means and fluctuations of these variables are crucial for a successful simulation.
\nThe 19-year simulation of the Pacific basin by the monthly marine data-forced OPYC model displays good skill in reproducing SST variability. These results represent the first hindcast of which we are aware that uses both observed total heat-flux and wind-stress anomalies as forcing for such a long time interval. There is close agreement between the model SSTs and those observed in many regions of the Pacific, including the tropics and the northern extratropics. Besides performing credibly on the monthly time scale, the model captures the essence of low-frequency variability over the North Pacific, including aspects of a marked basin-wide change that occurred in 1976-1977. In the model's detailed heat budget, the anomalous air-sea heat fluxes, entrainment, and to a lesser extent horizontal advection, force thermal-anomaly changes in the mixed layer. Each of these components was apparently involved in the 1976-1977 decadal SST shift.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural climate variability on decade-to-century time scales","language":"English","publisher":"The National Academies Press","isbn":"978-0-309-12722-6","usgsCitation":"Cayan, D.R., Miller, A.J., Barnett, T.P., Graham, N.E., Ritchie, J.N., and Oberhuber, J.M., 1995, Seasonal-to-interannual fluctuations in surface temperature over the Pacific: effects of monthly winds and heat fluxes, chap. of Natural climate variability on decade-to-century time scales, p. 133-150.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"133","endPage":"150","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1970-01-01","temporalEnd":"1988-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307821,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307820,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nap.edu/catalog/5142/natural-climate-variability-on-decade-to-century-time-scales"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560bb6f9e4b058f706e53e72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cayan, Daniel R. 0000-0002-2719-6811 drcayan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2719-6811","contributorId":1494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cayan","given":"Daniel","email":"drcayan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Arthur J.","contributorId":147311,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13613,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography (University of California, San Diego), La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barnett, Tim P.","contributorId":147312,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnett","given":"Tim","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":13613,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography (University of California, San Diego), La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graham, Nicholas E.","contributorId":147313,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Graham","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13613,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography (University of California, San Diego), La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ritchie, Jack N.","contributorId":147314,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ritchie","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":13613,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography (University of California, San Diego), La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Oberhuber, Josef M.","contributorId":147315,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oberhuber","given":"Josef","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70203804,"text":"70203804 - 1995 - Population size, trends, and conservation problems of the Double-Crested Cormorant on the Pacific Coast of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-13T12:37:44","indexId":"70203804","displayToPublicDate":"1995-12-31T12:37:26","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1272,"text":"Colonial Waterbirds","printIssn":"07386028","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population size, trends, and conservation problems of the Double-Crested Cormorant on the Pacific Coast of North America","docAbstract":"Population size, trends and conservation problems of the Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) were collated for the Pacific coast of North America using available data up to 1992. About 54,942 birds currently breed there, including roughly 5,848 (5,622 at 90 coastal colonies and at least 226 at 5 interior colonies) and 49,094 (43,358 at 126 coastal colonies and at least 5,736 at 22 interior colonies) for subspecies P. a. cincinatus in Alaska and P. a. albociliatus, from British Columbia to Sinaloa (Mexico), respectively. In addition, 51 and 22 inactive colonies have been documented in coastal and interior regions, respectively. Major historical declines (in the 1800s and early 1900s) occurred in much of Alaska, California, and Mexico, followed by increases in British Columbia, Washington, Oregon and California from the 1920s to 1980s. Recent declines are occurring in British Columbia, Washington, and Baja California. Trends are affected by apparent movements of nesting birds during El Niño oceanographic conditions and due to habitat loss at interior colonies, as well as recent use of artificial nesting habitats in some areas. Conservation problems have included various forms of human disturbance and persecution, marine pollutants, and high levels of predation owing to introduced and natural predators.
","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.2307/1521540","usgsCitation":"Carter, H.R., Sowls, A.L., Rodway, M., Wilson, U.W., Lowe, R.W., McChesney, G.J., Gress, F., and Anderson, D.W., 1995, Population size, trends, and conservation problems of the Double-Crested Cormorant on the Pacific Coast of North America: Colonial Waterbirds, v. 18, no. 1, p. 189-215, https://doi.org/10.2307/1521540.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"189","endPage":"215","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":364640,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Mexico, United States","state":"Alaska, California, Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Pacific Coast of North America","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -168.046875,\n 54.57206165565852\n ],\n [\n -167.34375,\n 52.482780222078226\n ],\n [\n -152.2265625,\n 56.559482483762245\n ],\n [\n -146.95312499999997,\n 60.06484046010452\n ],\n [\n -139.21874999999997,\n 58.07787626787517\n ],\n [\n -127.265625,\n 48.69096039092549\n ],\n [\n -125.859375,\n 40.97989806962013\n ],\n [\n -120.9375,\n 34.30714385628804\n ],\n [\n -115.31249999999999,\n 27.059125784374068\n ],\n [\n -111.796875,\n 24.206889622398023\n ],\n [\n -104.0625,\n 19.31114335506464\n ],\n [\n -105.1171875,\n 22.59372606392931\n ],\n [\n -111.09374999999999,\n 28.304380682962783\n ],\n [\n -113.203125,\n 32.54681317351514\n ],\n [\n -117.7734375,\n 36.03133177633187\n ],\n [\n -123.04687499999999,\n 42.5530802889558\n ],\n [\n -121.9921875,\n 48.22467264956519\n ],\n [\n -129.0234375,\n 55.57834467218206\n ],\n [\n -144.84375,\n 62.2679226294176\n ],\n [\n -153.6328125,\n 60.413852350464914\n ],\n [\n -168.046875,\n 54.57206165565852\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, Harry R.","contributorId":216125,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carter","given":"Harry","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":39369,"text":"Carter Biological Consulting","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":764191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sowls, Arthur L.","contributorId":63445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sowls","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":764192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rodway, M. S.","contributorId":19888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodway","given":"M. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":764193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilson, Ulrich W.","contributorId":216216,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Ulrich","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":764194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lowe, Roy W.","contributorId":50847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lowe","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":764195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McChesney, Gerard J.","contributorId":216126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McChesney","given":"Gerard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":39370,"text":"US Fish & Wildlife Service, San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge Complex","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":764196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gress, Franklin","contributorId":35407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gress","given":"Franklin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":764197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Anderson, Daniel W.","contributorId":74345,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":764198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70205790,"text":"70205790 - 1995 - Modeling mangrove canopy reflectance using a light interaction model and an optimization technique","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-04T07:23:41","indexId":"70205790","displayToPublicDate":"1995-12-31T11:39:57","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"6","title":"Modeling mangrove canopy reflectance using a light interaction model and an optimization technique","docAbstract":"At 20 sites, incorporating mixtures of black, red, and white mangroves, canopy reflectance spectra were derived from high resolution spectral data taken from a helicopter platform. Canopy characteristics were predicted from the canopy reflectance spectra by using measured and estimated data as inputs into a light-canopy interaction model within a optimization routine. Pertinent to average conditions typifying the area and time of the study, the light-canopy interaction model accomplished two goals. Using the model as a predictor, a sensitivity analysis suggested that little error in modelling the near nadir view canopy reflectance (Rcv) would result from assuming an average soil reflectance of about 0.1, at leaf area index (LAI) values above 2, at near infrared (NIR) leaf reflectances higher than about 0.45. and at sun elevation angles >40o. Moderate errors could result from assuming a spherical leaf angel distribution (LAD), and relatively high errors could result from errors in estimating visible leaf reflectances (and NIR leaf reflectances <0.45) and percent skylight. Differences between canopy hemispherical reflectance (Rc) and Rcv were dominated by percent skylight variation, while differences between Rc and Rcv were moderate to slight at a sun elevation above 20o to 30o, a near spherical LAD, a soil reflectance near 0.1, a LAI up to 4, and a NIR leaf reflectance less than 0.7.
Simulated canopy reflectance spectra were close predictors of obtained spectra, with R2 values >0.97. Mean predicted LAI values were 2.6±0.86 (mean ±1 standard deviation) and were highly related to LAI values derived from field measurements. Seventy-eight percent of the modelled LAI variance was predicted by a normalized difference vegetation index transform of the field canopy spectra data. Predicted LAD values had a near spherical mean value, while the mean difference between input (estimated from laboratory measurements) and predicted leaf reflectances was nearly zero.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetland and Environmental Applications of GIS","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","isbn":"0873718976","usgsCitation":"Ramsey III, E., and Jensen, J.R., 1995, Modeling mangrove canopy reflectance using a light interaction model and an optimization technique, chap. 6 of Wetland and Environmental Applications of GIS, p. 61-81.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"81","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":367965,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.9013671875,\n 24.44714958973082\n ],\n [\n -79.1015625,\n 24.44714958973082\n ],\n [\n -79.1015625,\n 31.50362930577303\n ],\n [\n -88.9013671875,\n 31.50362930577303\n ],\n [\n -88.9013671875,\n 24.44714958973082\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramsey III, Elijah 0000-0002-4518-5796","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4518-5796","contributorId":212009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey III","given":"Elijah","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":772355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jensen, John R.","contributorId":216821,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jensen","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70202106,"text":"70202106 - 1995 - Compositional variations on the Moon: Recalibration of Galileo solid‐state imaging data for the Orientale region and farside","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-11T10:53:20","indexId":"70202106","displayToPublicDate":"1995-12-25T10:51:44","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5718,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets","onlineIssn":"2169-9100","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Compositional variations on the Moon: Recalibration of Galileo solid‐state imaging data for the Orientale region and farside","docAbstract":"Updated radiometric calibration and systematic processing procedures for Galileo solid‐state imaging (SSI) data from the first (1990) Earth‐Moon encounter are presented. These procedures were applied to a whole‐disk imaging sequence of the Moon centered near Mare Orientale, called Lunmap 14 (L14). Processing of L14 data included radiometric calibration, subpixel coregistration, scattered light removal, geometric control and reprojection, photometric normalization, and calibration to Earth‐based spectra. Coregistration and scattered‐light removal procedures are improvements over the initial calibration of the SSI mosaics. The effects of scattered light correction are best seen using a whole‐Moon view such as L14; resolution of the debated amounts of light scattering from within or outside the camera field of view is not necessary. Scattered light removal particularly affects the 1‐μm spectral region and has implications for interpretation of mafic mineral signatures in mare deposits of the lunar limb and farside. Recalibrated spectra indicate that mare ponds of the limb show moderately deep 1‐μm absorptions, and thus mafic mineral contents, comparable to those of other nearside basalts. Mafic mineral contents of Schiller‐Shickard cryptomaria are higher than previously thought and are similar to some low‐Ti nearside basalts. Many of the recalibrated spectra from South Pole/Aitken are similar to those of Schiller‐Schickard cryptomaria, suggesting that many of these soils represent a mixed mare/highland lithology. The hypothesis that there is an olivine enrichment in southern South Pole/Aitken basin is not supported strongly by spectra shown here.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Unin","doi":"10.1029/95JE03102","usgsCitation":"Gaddis, L.R., McEwen, A.S., and Becker, T.L., 1995, Compositional variations on the Moon: Recalibration of Galileo solid‐state imaging data for the Orientale region and farside: Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, v. 100, no. E12, p. 26345-26355, https://doi.org/10.1029/95JE03102.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"26345","endPage":"26355","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361123,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","volume":"100","issue":"E12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaddis, Lisa R. 0000-0001-9953-5483 lgaddis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9953-5483","contributorId":2817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaddis","given":"Lisa","email":"lgaddis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":756904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McEwen, Alfred S.","contributorId":61657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McEwen","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":756905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Becker, Tammy L. tbecker@usgs.gov","contributorId":4388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"Tammy","email":"tbecker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":756906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":20161,"text":"ofr94474 - 1995 - Hydrologic and sedimentologic data collected during three cruises on the Mississippi River and some of its tributaries from Minneapolis, Minnesota, to New Orleans, Louisiana, July 1991-May 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:38","indexId":"ofr94474","displayToPublicDate":"1995-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-474","title":"Hydrologic and sedimentologic data collected during three cruises on the Mississippi River and some of its tributaries from Minneapolis, Minnesota, to New Orleans, Louisiana, July 1991-May 1992","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nEarth ScienceInformation Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr94474","usgsCitation":"Moody, J.A., and Meade, R.H., 1995, Hydrologic and sedimentologic data collected during three cruises on the Mississippi River and some of its tributaries from Minneapolis, Minnesota, to New Orleans, Louisiana, July 1991-May 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-474, vi, 159 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94474.","productDescription":"vi, 159 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152172,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0474/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49703,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0474/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611784","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moody, John A. 0000-0003-2609-364X jamoody@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2609-364X","contributorId":771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moody","given":"John","email":"jamoody@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":182171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meade, Robert H. 0000-0002-4965-3040 rhmeade@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4965-3040","contributorId":2744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meade","given":"Robert","email":"rhmeade@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":182172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":20666,"text":"ofr95284 - 1995 - Ground-water data for the Nevada Test Site, 1992, and for selected other areas in south-central Nevada, 1952-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:44","indexId":"ofr95284","displayToPublicDate":"1995-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-284","title":"Ground-water data for the Nevada Test Site, 1992, and for selected other areas in south-central Nevada, 1952-92","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95284","usgsCitation":"Robie, L.S., Reiner, S.R., and Locke, G.L., 1995, Ground-water data for the Nevada Test Site, 1992, and for selected other areas in south-central Nevada, 1952-92: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-284, iv, 48 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95284.","productDescription":"iv, 48 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153105,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0284/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":19371,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0284/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":50191,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0284/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cfd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robie, Leanne S.","contributorId":17633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robie","given":"Leanne","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reiner, Steven R. 0000-0002-8705-9333 srreiner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8705-9333","contributorId":4606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiner","given":"Steven","email":"srreiner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":183030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Locke, Glenn L. gllocke@usgs.gov","contributorId":2479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locke","given":"Glenn","email":"gllocke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":183029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":21399,"text":"ofr95360 - 1995 - Description of geophysical-log data base for boreholes and wells in and adjacent to the Albuquerque Basin, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-01T18:55:14.423194","indexId":"ofr95360","displayToPublicDate":"1995-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-360","title":"Description of geophysical-log data base for boreholes and wells in and adjacent to the Albuquerque Basin, New Mexico","docAbstract":"Digital geophysical logs for boreholes and wells in and \r\nadjacent to the Albuquerque Basin area have been entered into a \r\ndata base established by the New Mexico District of the U.S. \r\nGeological Survey and documented as of September 1994. The logs \r\nwere digitized from paper or mylar copies or were collected as \r\ndigital data during the logging of boreholes and wells. The \r\nlocation of these boreholes and wells with digital geophysical \r\nlogs is shown in a map. The 1,020 logs and the types of logs for\r\nthe 186 sites are listed in a table.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95360","usgsCitation":"Wilkins, D.W., 1995, Description of geophysical-log data base for boreholes and wells in and adjacent to the Albuquerque Basin, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-360, iv, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95360.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":50968,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0360/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":409005,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18459.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":154193,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0360/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Albuquerque Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.5,\n 35.75\n ],\n [\n -107.5,\n 34.25\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 34.25\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 35.75\n ],\n [\n -107.5,\n 35.75\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fae4b07f02db5f3da1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilkins, D. W.","contributorId":97471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilkins","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":21507,"text":"ofr95357 - 1995 - Data on ground-water levels and ground-water/surface-water relations in the Great Miami River and Little Miami River valleys, southwestern Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:49","indexId":"ofr95357","displayToPublicDate":"1995-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-357","title":"Data on ground-water levels and ground-water/surface-water relations in the Great Miami River and Little Miami River valleys, southwestern Ohio","docAbstract":"Hydrogeologic data were collected in September, October, and November 1993 to define the ground-water levels and the ground-water/surface-water relations in the vicinity of Dayton, Ohio. In this report, water levels are listed for 678 wells completed in sand and gravel. Data from 101 streamflow measurements made at selected sites along the Great Miami, Stillwater, Mad, and Little Miami Rivers and their tributaries during 2-day gain-loss study also are listed. Surface-water altitudes were determined at 11 stream-gaging stations and 39 other streamflow measurement sites. Discharge data for measurements made at 30 storm-sewer outfalls are given. Streamflow and discharge data obtained during the study were used to calculate the gain or loss of streamflow along 16 selected reaches of the Great Miami, Stillwater, Mad, and Little Miami Rivers. Streambed-conductivity data obtained by use of seepage meters at nine different sites also are given.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Sciences Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95357","usgsCitation":"Yost, W.P., 1995, Data on ground-water levels and ground-water/surface-water relations in the Great Miami River and Little Miami River valleys, southwestern Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-357, iv, 63 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95357.","productDescription":"iv, 63 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153765,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0357/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51080,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0357/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c852","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yost, William P.","contributorId":57093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yost","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":23591,"text":"ofr95506 - 1995 - Structure of the basins and ranges, Southwest New Mexico, an interpretation of seismic velocity sections","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-30T12:43:13","indexId":"ofr95506","displayToPublicDate":"1995-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-506","title":"Structure of the basins and ranges, Southwest New Mexico, an interpretation of seismic velocity sections","docAbstract":"This report presents a geologic appraisal of seismic velocity sections that profile a total of 790 km in southwest New Mexico west of Las Cruces and south of Lordsburg and Deming. The present work outlines the contribution of these velocity sections to estimating areas favorable for mineral resource occurrences. Seismic refraction surveys are carried out with the initial goal of estimating the subsurface distribution of acoustic compressional velocity (Vp), which may ultimately be interpreted to provide information on lithology, geologic structure, and the occurrence of natural resources. The seismic sections presented here show velocity detail having dimensions of 100's to 1000's of meters to a depth of about 2.5 km, and across a net of traverses that profile most basins well as several ranges in the study area.
Figure 1 shows the location of the seismic refraction lines. The lines are designated 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7; there is no line 6. The survey covers a broad swath of the southwest Basin and Range Province extending from the Arizona border eastward to the Rio Grande River, and from the Mexican border to about lat. 32° 30' N. Lines 1, 3, and 7 traverse the axis of basins in roughly northsouth directions; the remaining lines 2, 4, and 5 trend east-west and cross various ranges and basins.
Seismic data that have been collected in this region include deep-crustal refraction traverses by university scientists and commercial seismic reflection profiles acquired for petroleum exploration. Results of deep-crustal refraction studies are reviewed to provide a regional setting for the higher resolution refraction data. Results from seismic reflection will not be discussed. Industry reflection data in the area are not generally available for non-proprietary use. The nearest reflection data publicly available are in the Socorro area, about 80 km north of the present study area (Brown and others, 1980). These data were acquired by the Consortium for Continental Reflection Profiling (COCORP), a public-supported research group, to investigate the possibility of magma beneath part of the Rio Grande valley.
Up to 1978 there were about 36 deep borings in the region of southwest New Mexico (Thompson and others, 1978). This drilling resulted mainly from an evaluation of petroleum potential of the Pedrogosa basin which is an extensive area of Paleozoic subsidence in Arizona, New Mexico, and Mexico that accumulated about three kilometers of Paleozoic sedimentary rock (Zeller, 1965; Thompson and others, 1978). Of these drill holes, 25 are close enough to the present seismic sections to provide correlations of velocity to lithology, and to provide an estimate of the errors associated with depth-to-interface interpretations. This information is summarized prior to considering the implications of the seismic sections in detail. The major portion of the report centers around two plates: Plate I shows seismic lines and selected drill hole locations superimposed on gravity contours, and Plate II shows velocitysections with drill hole summaries. These plates provide the foundation for developing inferences on buried lithologic, structural, and mineral resources for the region.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95506","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Klein, D.P., Abrams, G.A., and Hill, P.L., 1995, Structure of the basins and ranges, Southwest New Mexico, an interpretation of seismic velocity sections: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-506, Report: v, 60 p.; 2 Plates: 48.12 x 25.60 inches and 36.96 x 22.82 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95506.","productDescription":"Report: v, 60 p.; 2 Plates: 48.12 x 25.60 inches and 36.96 x 22.82 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":358946,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0506/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":19476,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0506/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":155127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0506/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":358945,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0506/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.1,\n 31.3\n ],\n [\n -106.4,\n 31.3\n ],\n [\n -106.4,\n 32.5\n ],\n [\n -109.1,\n 32.5\n ],\n [\n -109.1,\n 31.3\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b09e4b07f02db69c178","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klein, Douglas P.","contributorId":50896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abrams, Gerda A.","contributorId":78706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abrams","given":"Gerda","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hill, Patricia L. pathill@usgs.gov","contributorId":1327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Patricia","email":"pathill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":190372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}