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To better detect such shifts, scientists need long-term phenological records covering many taxa and across a broad geographic distribution. To date, phenological observation efforts across the USA have been geographically limited and have used different methods, making comparisons across sites and species difficult. To facilitate coordinated cross-site, cross-species, and geographically extensive phenological monitoring across the nation, the USA National Phenology Network has developed in situ monitoring protocols standardized across taxonomic groups and ecosystem types for terrestrial, freshwater, and marine plant and animal taxa. The protocols include elements that allow enhanced detection and description of phenological responses, including assessment of phenological “status”, or the ability to track presence–absence of a particular phenophase, as well as standards for documenting the degree to which phenological activity is expressed in terms of intensity or abundance. Data collected by this method can be integrated with historical phenology data sets, enabling the development of databases for spatial and temporal assessment of changes in status and trends of disparate organisms. To build a common, spatially, and temporally extensive multi-taxa phenological data set available for a variety of research and science applications, we encourage scientists, resources managers, and others conducting ecological monitoring or research to consider utilization of these standardized protocols for tracking the seasonal activity of plants and animals.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Biometeorology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00484-014-0789-5","usgsCitation":"Denny, E.G., Gerst, K., Miller-Rushing, A.J., Tierney, G.L., Crimmins, T., Enquist, C., Guertin, P., Rosemartin, A.H., Schwartz, M., Thomas, K.A., and Weltzin, J., 2014, Standardized phenology monitoring methods to track plant and animal activity for science and resource management applications: International Journal of Biometeorology, v. 58, no. 4, p. 591-601, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-014-0789-5.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"591","endPage":"601","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-041217","costCenters":[{"id":433,"text":"National Phenology Network","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472980,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-014-0789-5","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":287617,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287616,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00484-014-0789-5"}],"volume":"58","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5385a5d6e4b09e18fc0239ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Denny, Ellen G.","contributorId":79803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denny","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gerst, Katharine L.","contributorId":29739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerst","given":"Katharine L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller-Rushing, Abraham J.","contributorId":37261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller-Rushing","given":"Abraham","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tierney, Geraldine L.","contributorId":26218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tierney","given":"Geraldine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crimmins, Theresa","contributorId":103579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crimmins","given":"Theresa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Enquist, Carolyn A.F.","contributorId":87445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enquist","given":"Carolyn A.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Guertin, Patricia","contributorId":37428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guertin","given":"Patricia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rosemartin, Alyssa H.","contributorId":30910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosemartin","given":"Alyssa","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Schwartz, Mark D.","contributorId":11092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Mark D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Thomas, Kathryn A. 0000-0002-7131-8564 kathryn_a_thomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7131-8564","contributorId":167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Kathryn","email":"kathryn_a_thomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Weltzin, Jake F.","contributorId":51005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weltzin","given":"Jake F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70110604,"text":"70110604 - 2014 - Mercury speciation in the Mt. Amiata mining district (Italy): interplay between urban activities and mercury contamination","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-27T11:41:54","indexId":"70110604","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-27T11:28:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury speciation in the Mt. Amiata mining district (Italy): interplay between urban activities and mercury contamination","docAbstract":"A fundamental step to evaluate the biogeochemical and eco-toxicological significance of Hg dispersion in the environment is to determine speciation of Hg in solid matrices. In this study, several analytical techniques such as scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), sequential chemical extractions (SCEs), and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XANES) were used to identify Hg compounds and Hg speciation in samples collected from the Mt. Amiata Hg mining district, southern Tuscany, Italy. Different geological materials, such as mine waste calcine (retorted ore), soil, stream sediment, and stream water suspended particulate matter were analyzed. Results show that the samples were generally composed of highly insoluble Hg compounds such as sulphides (HgS, cinnabar and metacinnabar), and more soluble Hg halides such as those associated with the mosesite group. Other moderately soluble Hg compounds, HgCl2, HgO and Hg0, were also identified in stream sediments draining the mining area. The presence of these minerals suggests active and continuous runoff of soluble Hg compounds from calcines, where such Hg compounds form during retorting, or later in secondary processes. Specifically, we suggest that, due to the proximity of Hg mines to the urban center of Abbadia San Salvatore, the influence of other anthropogenic activities was a key factor for Hg speciation, resulting in the formation of unusual Hg-minerals such as mosesite.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.04.023","usgsCitation":"Rimondi, V., Bardelli, F., Benvenuti, M., Costagliola, P., Gray, J.E., and Lattanzi, P., 2014, Mercury speciation in the Mt. Amiata mining district (Italy): interplay between urban activities and mercury contamination: Chemical Geology, v. 380, p. 110-118, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.04.023.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"110","endPage":"118","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-054601","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287594,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287588,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.04.023"}],"country":"Italy","state":"Tuscany","otherGeospatial":"Mt. Amiata","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 10.4496,42.2384 ], [ 10.4496,43.3988 ], [ 12.3714,43.3988 ], [ 12.3714,42.2384 ], [ 10.4496,42.2384 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"380","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5385a5d4e4b09e18fc0239ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rimondi, Valentina","contributorId":27772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rimondi","given":"Valentina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bardelli, Fabrizio","contributorId":98645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bardelli","given":"Fabrizio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Benvenuti, Marco","contributorId":44083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benvenuti","given":"Marco","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Costagliola, Pilario","contributorId":106404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costagliola","given":"Pilario","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gray, John E. jgray@usgs.gov","contributorId":1275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"John","email":"jgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lattanzi, Pierfranco","contributorId":87845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lattanzi","given":"Pierfranco","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70131506,"text":"70131506 - 2014 - Quantifying the effectiveness of conservation measures to control the spread of anthropogenic hybridization in stream salmonids: A climate adaptation case study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-31T19:51:01.550543","indexId":"70131506","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-27T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying the effectiveness of conservation measures to control the spread of anthropogenic hybridization in stream salmonids: A climate adaptation case study","docAbstract":"

Quantifying the effectiveness of management actions to mitigate the effects of changing climatic conditions (i.e., climate adaptation) can be difficult, yet critical for conservation. We used population genetic data from 1984 to 2011 to assess the degree to which ambient climatic conditions and targeted suppression of sources of nonnative Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss have influenced the spread of introgressive hybridization in native populations of Westslope Cutthroat Trout O. clarkii lewisi. We found rapid expansion in the spatial distribution and proportion of nonnative genetic admixture in hybridized populations from 1984 to 2004, but minimal change since 2004. The spread of hybridization was negatively correlated with the number of streamflow events in May that exceeded the 75th percentile of historic flows (r = −0.98) and positively correlated with August stream temperatures (r = 0.89). Concomitantly, suppression data showed a 60% decline in catch per unit effort for fish with a high proportion of Rainbow Trout admixture, rendering some uncertainty as to the relative strength of factors controlling the spread of hybridization. Our results illustrate the importance of initiating management actions to mitigate the potential effects of climate change, even where data describing the effectiveness of such actions are initially limited but the risks are severe.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","usgsCitation":"Al-Chokhachy, R.K., Muhlfeld, C.C., Boyer, M., Jones, L.A., Steed, A., and Kershner, J.L., 2014, Quantifying the effectiveness of conservation measures to control the spread of anthropogenic hybridization in stream salmonids: A climate adaptation case study: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 34, no. 3, p. 642-652.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"642","endPage":"652","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052241","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295949,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":381804,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://afspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1080/02755947.2014.901259"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Flathead River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.093017578125,\n 47.35371061951363\n ],\n [\n -114.093017578125,\n 48.741700879765396\n ],\n [\n -111.588134765625,\n 48.741700879765396\n ],\n [\n -111.588134765625,\n 47.35371061951363\n ],\n [\n -114.093017578125,\n 47.35371061951363\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"545ded2de4b0ba8303f92b9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Al-Chokhachy, Robert K. 0000-0002-2136-5098 ral-chokhachy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2136-5098","contributorId":1674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Al-Chokhachy","given":"Robert","email":"ral-chokhachy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":521370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muhlfeld, Clint C. 0000-0002-4599-4059 cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4599-4059","contributorId":924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhlfeld","given":"Clint","email":"cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":521371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boyer, Matthew","contributorId":124595,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyer","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[{"id":5133,"text":"Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks, Kalispell, Montana 59901","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":521372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, Leslie A. 0000-0002-4953-7189 lajones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4953-7189","contributorId":4599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Leslie","email":"lajones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":521373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Steed, Amber","contributorId":124596,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steed","given":"Amber","affiliations":[{"id":5133,"text":"Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks, Kalispell, Montana 59901","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":521374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kershner, Jeffrey L. 0000-0002-7093-9860 jkershner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7093-9860","contributorId":310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kershner","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jkershner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":521375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70134680,"text":"70134680 - 2014 - Prevalence, transmission, and genetic diversity of blood parasites infecting tundra-nesting geese in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-20T20:25:23","indexId":"70134680","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prevalence, transmission, and genetic diversity of blood parasites infecting tundra-nesting geese in Alaska","docAbstract":"

A total of 842 blood samples collected from five species of tundra-nesting geese in Alaska was screened for haemosporidian parasites using molecular techniques. Parasites of the generaLeucocytozoon Danilewsky, 1890, Haemoproteus Kruse, 1890, and Plasmodium Marchiafava and Celli, 1885 were detected in 169 (20%), 3 (<1%), and 0 (0%) samples, respectively. Occupancy modeling was used to estimate prevalence of Leucocytozoon parasites and assess variation relative to species, age, sex, geographic area, year, and decade. Species, age, and decade were identified as important in explaining differences in prevalence of Leucocytozoonparasites. Leucocytozoon parasites were detected in goslings sampled along the Arctic Coastal Plain using both historic and contemporary samples, which provided support for transmission in the North American Arctic. In contrast, lack of detection of Haemoproteus and Plasmodiumparasites in goslings (n = 238) provided evidence to suggest that the transmission of parasites of these genera may not occur among waterfowl using tundra habitats in Alaska, or alternatively, may only occur at low levels. Five haemosporidian genetic lineages shared among different species of geese sampled from two geographic areas were indicative of interspecies parasite transmission and supported broad parasite or vector distributions. However, identicalLeucocytozoon and Haemoproteus lineages on public databases were limited to waterfowl hosts suggesting constraints in the range of parasite hosts.

","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2014-0041","usgsCitation":"Ramey, A.M., Reed, J.A., Schmutz, J.A., Fondell, T.F., Meixell, B.W., Hupp, J.W., Ward, D.H., Terenzi, J., and Ely, C.R., 2014, Prevalence, transmission, and genetic diversity of blood parasites infecting tundra-nesting geese in Alaska: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 92, no. 8, p. 699-706, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2014-0041.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"699","endPage":"706","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054447","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296438,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -170.2001953125,\n 62.97519757003264\n ],\n [\n -170.2001953125,\n 71.39916455383504\n ],\n [\n -140.9765625,\n 71.39916455383504\n ],\n [\n -140.9765625,\n 62.97519757003264\n ],\n [\n -170.2001953125,\n 62.97519757003264\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"548193c8e4b0aa6d778520fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramey, Andrew M. 0000-0002-3601-8400 aramey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3601-8400","contributorId":1872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramey","given":"Andrew","email":"aramey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, John A. 0000-0002-3239-6906 jareed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3239-6906","contributorId":127683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"John","email":"jareed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fondell, Tom F. tfondell@usgs.gov","contributorId":3563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fondell","given":"Tom","email":"tfondell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meixell, Brandt W. 0000-0002-6738-0349 bmeixell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6738-0349","contributorId":138716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meixell","given":"Brandt","email":"bmeixell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hupp, Jerry W. 0000-0002-6439-3910 jhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6439-3910","contributorId":127803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Jerry","email":"jhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ward, David H. 0000-0002-5242-2526 dward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2526","contributorId":3247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"David","email":"dward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Terenzi, John jterenzi@usgs.gov","contributorId":5085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terenzi","given":"John","email":"jterenzi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ely, Craig R. 0000-0003-4262-0892 cely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4262-0892","contributorId":3214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"Craig","email":"cely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70132322,"text":"70132322 - 2014 - Invasive hybridization in a threatened species is accelerated by climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-31T19:35:08.889191","indexId":"70132322","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-25T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2841,"text":"Nature Climate Change","onlineIssn":"1758-6798","printIssn":"1758-678X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Invasive hybridization in a threatened species is accelerated by climate change","docAbstract":"

Climate change will decrease worldwide biodiversity through a number of potential pathways1, including invasive hybridization2 (cross-breeding between invasive and native species). How climate warming influences the spread of hybridization and loss of native genomes poses difficult ecological and evolutionary questions with little empirical information to guide conservation management decisions3. Here we combine long-term genetic monitoring data with high-resolution climate and stream temperature predictions to evaluate how recent climate warming has influenced the spatio-temporal spread of human-mediated hybridization between threatened native westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi) and non-native rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), the world’s most widely introduced invasive fish4. Despite widespread release of millions of rainbow trout over the past century within the Flathead River system5, a large relatively pristine watershed in western North America, historical samples revealed that hybridization was prevalent only in one (source) population. During a subsequent 30-year period of accelerated warming, hybridization spread rapidly and was strongly linked to interactions between climatic drivers—precipitation and temperature—and distance to the source population. Specifically, decreases in spring precipitation and increases in summer stream temperature probably promoted upstream expansion of hybridization throughout the system. This study shows that rapid climate warming can exacerbate interactions between native and non-native species through invasive hybridization, which could spell genomic extinction for many species.

","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/nclimate2252","usgsCitation":"Muhlfeld, C.C., Kovach, R., Jones, L.A., Al-Chokhachy, R.K., Boyer, M.C., Leary, R., Lowe, W.H., Luikart, G., and Allendorf, F.W., 2014, Invasive hybridization in a threatened species is accelerated by climate change: Nature Climate Change, v. 4, p. 620-624, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2252.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"620","endPage":"624","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053196","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295941,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alberta, Idaho, Montana","otherGeospatial":"Flathead River system","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":522733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kovach, Ryan P.","contributorId":126724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kovach","given":"Ryan P.","affiliations":[{"id":6580,"text":"University of Montana, Flathead Lake Biological Station, Polson, Montana 59860, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":522734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Leslie A. 0000-0002-4953-7189 lajones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4953-7189","contributorId":4599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Leslie","email":"lajones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":522735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Al-Chokhachy, Robert K. 0000-0002-2136-5098 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USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":522738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lowe, Winsor H.","contributorId":126722,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lowe","given":"Winsor","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":6577,"text":"University of Montana, Division of Biological Sciences, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":522739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Luikart, Gordon","contributorId":124531,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luikart","given":"Gordon","affiliations":[{"id":5091,"text":"Flathead Lake Biological Station, Fish and Wildlife Genomics Group, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Polson, MT 59860, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":522740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Allendorf, Fred W.","contributorId":124525,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allendorf","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5084,"text":"Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":522741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70110411,"text":"70110411 - 2014 - Factors affecting temporal variability of arsenic in groundwater used for drinking water supply in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-12T14:48:16","indexId":"70110411","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-23T15:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors affecting temporal variability of arsenic in groundwater used for drinking water supply in the United States","docAbstract":"

The occurrence of arsenic in groundwater is a recognized environmental hazard with worldwide importance and much effort has been focused on surveying and predicting where arsenic occurs. Temporal variability is one aspect of this environmental hazard that has until recently received less attention than other aspects. For this study, we analyzed 1245 wells with two samples per well. We suggest that temporal variability, often reported as affecting very few wells, is perhaps a larger issue than it appears and has been masked by datasets with large numbers of non-detect data. Although there was only a slight difference in arsenic concentration variability among samples from public and private wells (p = 0.0452), the range of variability was larger for public than for private wells. Further, we relate the variability we see to geochemical factors—primarily variability in redox—but also variability in pH and major-ion chemistry. We also show that in New England there is a weak but statistically significant indication that seasonality may have an effect on concentrations, whereby concentrations in the first two quarters of the year (January–June) are significantly lower than in the second two quarters (July–December) (p < 0.0001). In the Central Valley of California, though not statistically significant (p = 0.4169), arsenic concentration is lower in the first quarter of the year but increases in subsequent quarters. In both regions, these changes appear to follow groundwater levels. It is possible that this difference in arsenic concentrations is related to groundwater level changes, pumping stresses, evapotranspiration effects, or perhaps mixing of more oxidizing, lower pH recharge water in wetter months. Focusing on the understanding the geochemical conditions in aquifers where arsenic concentrations are concerns and causes of geochemical changes in the groundwater environment may lead to a better understanding of where and by how much arsenic will vary over time.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.057","usgsCitation":"Ayotte, J., Belaval, M., Olson, S.A., Burow, K.R., Flanagan, S., Hinkle, S.R., and Lindsey, B., 2014, Factors affecting temporal variability of arsenic in groundwater used for drinking water supply in the United States: Science of the Total Environment, v. 505, p. 1370-1379, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.057.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1370","endPage":"1379","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053212","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287580,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287579,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.057"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"505","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"538051d8e4b0826cd5016536","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ayotte, Joseph D. jayotte@usgs.gov","contributorId":1802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayotte","given":"Joseph D.","email":"jayotte@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":494066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belaval, Marcel","contributorId":21636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belaval","given":"Marcel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olson, Scott A. 0000-0002-1064-2125 solson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1064-2125","contributorId":2059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Scott","email":"solson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burow, Karen R. 0000-0001-6006-6667 krburow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-6667","contributorId":1504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burow","given":"Karen","email":"krburow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Flanagan, Sarah M.","contributorId":8492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flanagan","given":"Sarah M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hinkle, Stephen R. srhinkle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkle","given":"Stephen","email":"srhinkle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lindsey, Bruce D. 0000-0002-7180-4319 blindsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7180-4319","contributorId":434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"Bruce D.","email":"blindsey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":494063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70110359,"text":"70110359 - 2014 - Regional differentiation among populations of the Diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-23T15:17:31","indexId":"70110359","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-23T15:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional differentiation among populations of the Diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin)","docAbstract":"The Diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin) is a brackish-water turtle species whose populations have been fragmented due to anthropogenic activity such as development of coastal habitat and entrapment in commercial blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) fishing gear. Genetic analyses can improve conservation efforts for the long-term protection of the species. We used microsatellite DNA analysis to investigate levels of gene flow among and genetic variability within 21 geographically separate collections of the species distributed from Massachusetts to Texas. Quantified levels of genetic variability (allelic diversity, genotypic frequencies, and heterozygosity) revealed three zones of genetic discontinuity, resulting in four discrete populations: Northeast Atlantic, Coastal Mid-Atlantic, Florida and Texas/Louisiana. The average number of alleles and expected heterozygosity for the four genetic clusters were NA = 6.54 and HE = 0.050, respectively. However, the geographic boundaries of the populations did not correspond to accepted terrapin subspecies limits. Our results illuminate not only the need to sample terrapins in additional sites, specifically in the southeast, but also the necessity for allowing uninterrupted gene flow among population groupings to preserve current levels of genetic diversity.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation Genetics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10592-014-0563-6","usgsCitation":"Hart, K.M., Hunter, M., and King, T.L., 2014, Regional differentiation among populations of the Diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin): Conservation Genetics, v. 15, no. 3, p. 593-603, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-014-0563-6.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"593","endPage":"603","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-045790","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287574,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287573,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-014-0563-6"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.0,20.0 ], [ -95.0,45.0 ], [ -65.0,45.0 ], [ -65.0,20.0 ], [ -95.0,20.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53805283e4b0826cd5016876","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hart, Kristen M. 0000-0002-5257-7974 kristen_hart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5257-7974","contributorId":1966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Kristen","email":"kristen_hart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunter, Margaret E. 0000-0002-4760-9302 mhunter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-9302","contributorId":4888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"Margaret E.","email":"mhunter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":494042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"King, Tim L.","contributorId":48070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Tim","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70109244,"text":"70109244 - 2014 - Tsunami forecast by joint inversion of real-time tsunami waveforms and seismic of GPS data: application to the Tohoku 2011 tsunami","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-14T11:45:12","indexId":"70109244","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-23T15:07:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tsunami forecast by joint inversion of real-time tsunami waveforms and seismic of GPS data: application to the Tohoku 2011 tsunami","docAbstract":"

Correctly characterizing tsunami source generation is the most critical component of modern tsunami forecasting. Although difficult to quantify directly, a tsunami source can be modeled via different methods using a variety of measurements from deep-ocean tsunameters, seismometers, GPS, and other advanced instruments, some of which in or near real time. Here we assess the performance of different source models for the destructive 11 March 2011 Japan tsunami using model–data comparison for the generation, propagation, and inundation in the near field of Japan. This comparative study of tsunami source models addresses the advantages and limitations of different real-time measurements with potential use in early tsunami warning in the near and far field. The study highlights the critical role of deep-ocean tsunami measurements and rapid validation of the approximate tsunami source for high-quality forecasting. We show that these tsunami measurements are compatible with other real-time geodetic data, and may provide more insightful understanding of tsunami generation from earthquakes, as well as from nonseismic processes such as submarine landslide failures.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00024-014-0777-z","usgsCitation":"Yong, W., Newman, A.V., Hayes, G., Titov, V.V., and Tang, L., 2014, Tsunami forecast by joint inversion of real-time tsunami waveforms and seismic of GPS data: application to the Tohoku 2011 tsunami: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 171, no. 12, p. 3281-3305, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-014-0777-z.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"3281","endPage":"3305","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053877","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287572,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287571,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00024-014-0777-z"}],"country":"Japan","otherGeospatial":"Honshu","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 130.0,25.0 ], [ 130.0,50.0 ], [ 160.0,50.0 ], [ 160.0,25.0 ], [ 130.0,25.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"171","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"538052c8e4b0826cd50169fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yong, Wei","contributorId":19083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yong","given":"Wei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newman, Andrew V.","contributorId":32664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hayes, Gavin P. 0000-0003-3323-0112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3323-0112","contributorId":6157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Gavin P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Titov, Vasily V.","contributorId":67312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titov","given":"Vasily","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tang, Liujuan","contributorId":34045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tang","given":"Liujuan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70110389,"text":"70110389 - 2014 - Tsunami vertical-evacuation planning in the U.S. Pacific Northwest as a geospatial, multi-criteria decision problem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-23T14:33:55","indexId":"70110389","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-23T14:28:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2036,"text":"International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tsunami vertical-evacuation planning in the U.S. Pacific Northwest as a geospatial, multi-criteria decision problem","docAbstract":"Tsunami vertical-evacuation (TVE) refuges can be effective risk-reduction options for coastal communities with local tsunami threats but no accessible high ground for evacuations. Deciding where to locate TVE refuges is a complex risk-management question, given the potential for conflicting stakeholder priorities and multiple, suitable sites. We use the coastal community of Ocean Shores (Washington, USA) and the local tsunami threat posed by Cascadia subduction zone earthquakes as a case study to explore the use of geospatial, multi-criteria decision analysis for framing the locational problem of TVE siting. We demonstrate a mixed-methods approach that uses potential TVE sites identified at community workshops, geospatial analysis to model changes in pedestrian evacuation times for TVE options, and statistical analysis to develop metrics for comparing population tradeoffs and to examine influences in decision making. Results demonstrate that no one TVE site can save all at-risk individuals in the community and each site provides varying benefits to residents, employees, customers at local stores, tourists at public venues, children at schools, and other vulnerable populations. The benefit of some proposed sites varies depending on whether or not nearby bridges will be functioning after the preceding earthquake. Relative rankings of the TVE sites are fairly stable under various criteria-weighting scenarios but do vary considerably when comparing strategies to exclusively protect tourists or residents. The proposed geospatial framework can serve as an analytical foundation for future TVE siting discussions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2014.04.009","usgsCitation":"Wood, N., Jones, J., Schelling, J., and Schmidtlein, M., 2014, Tsunami vertical-evacuation planning in the U.S. Pacific Northwest as a geospatial, multi-criteria decision problem: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, v. 9, p. 68-83, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2014.04.009.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"68","endPage":"83","numberOfPages":"16","ipdsId":"IP-053479","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472981,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2014.04.009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":287570,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287561,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2014.04.009"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Grays Harbor County","city":"Ocean Shores","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.180178,46.926625 ], [ -124.180178,47.045563 ], [ -124.097997,47.045563 ], [ -124.097997,46.926625 ], [ -124.180178,46.926625 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"538052c8e4b0826cd50169fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Nathan 0000-0002-6060-9729 nwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6060-9729","contributorId":71151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Nathan","email":"nwood@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":494054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Jeanne","contributorId":50444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Jeanne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schelling, John","contributorId":49707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schelling","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmidtlein, Mathew","contributorId":31682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidtlein","given":"Mathew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70103371,"text":"sir20145079 - 2014 - Development of flood-inundation maps for the Mississippi River in Saint Paul, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-23T14:26:24","indexId":"sir20145079","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-23T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5079","title":"Development of flood-inundation maps for the Mississippi River in Saint Paul, Minnesota","docAbstract":"

Digital flood-inundation maps for a 6.3-mile reach of the Mississippi River in Saint Paul, Minnesota, were developed through a multi-agency effort by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and in collaboration with the National Weather Service. The inundation maps, which can be accessed through the U.S. Geological Survey Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/ and the National Weather Service Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service site at http://water.weather.gov/ahps/inundation.php, depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at the U.S. Geological Survey streamgage at the Mississippi River at Saint Paul (05331000). The National Weather Service forecasted peak-stage information at the streamgage may be used in conjunction with the maps developed in this study to show predicted areas of flood inundation.

\n
\n

In this study, flood profiles were computed for the Mississippi River by means of a one-dimensional step-backwater model. The hydraulic model was calibrated using the most recent stage-discharge relation at the Robert Street location (rating curve number 38.0) of the Mississippi River at Saint Paul (streamgage 05331000), as well as an approximate water-surface elevation-discharge relation at the Mississippi River at South Saint Paul (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers streamgage SSPM5). The model also was verified against observed high-water marks from the recent 2011 flood event and the water-surface profile from existing flood insurance studies. The hydraulic model was then used to determine 25 water-surface profiles for flood stages at 1-foot intervals ranging from approximately bankfull stage to greater than the highest recorded stage at streamgage 05331000. The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geographic information system digital elevation model, derived from high-resolution topography data, to delineate potential areas flooded and to determine the water depths within the inundated areas for each stage at streamgage 05331000.

\n
\n

The availability of these maps along with information regarding current stage at the U.S. Geological Survey streamgage and forecasted stages from the National Weather Service provides enhanced flood warning and visualization of the potential effects of a forecasted flood for the city of Saint Paul and its residents. The maps also can aid in emergency management planning and response activities, such as evacuations and road closures, as well as for post-flood recovery efforts.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145079","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Czuba, C.R., Fallon, J.D., Lewis, C.R., and Cooper, D.F., 2014, Development of flood-inundation maps for the Mississippi River in Saint Paul, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5079, Report: vii, 24 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145079.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 24 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-045357","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287569,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145079.jpg"},{"id":287564,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5079/"},{"id":287568,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5079/downloads/"},{"id":287567,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5079/pdf/sir2014-5079.pdf"}],"projection":"Web Mercator (Auxiliary Sphere) projection","datum":"World Geodectic System 1984","country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Saint Paul","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -93.15028,44.904788 ], [ -93.15028,44.97016 ], [ -92.999857,44.97016 ], [ -92.999857,44.904788 ], [ -93.15028,44.904788 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"538051c6e4b0826cd50164ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Czuba, Christiana R. cczuba@usgs.gov","contributorId":4555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czuba","given":"Christiana","email":"cczuba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":493277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fallon, James D. jfallon@usgs.gov","contributorId":3417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fallon","given":"James","email":"jfallon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":493276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lewis, Corby R.","contributorId":25082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"Corby","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cooper, Diane F.","contributorId":11952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70108943,"text":"70108943 - 2014 - Assessing climate-change risks to cultural and natural resources in the Yakima River Basin, Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-23T14:13:21","indexId":"70108943","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-23T13:48:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1252,"text":"Climatic Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing climate-change risks to cultural and natural resources in the Yakima River Basin, Washington, USA","docAbstract":"We provide an overview of an interdisciplinary special issue that examines the influence of climate change on people and fish in the Yakima River Basin, USA. Jenni et al. (2013) addresses stakeholder-relevant climate change issues, such as water availability and uncertainty, with decision analysis tools. Montag et al. (2014) explores Yakama Tribal cultural values and well-being and their incorporation into the decision-making process. Graves and Maule (2012) simulates effects of climate change on stream temperatures under baseline conditions (1981–2005) and two future climate scenarios (increased air temperature of 1 °C and 2 °C). Hardiman and Mesa (2013) looks at the effects of increased stream temperatures on juvenile steelhead growth with a bioenergetics model. Finally, Hatten et al. (2013) examines how changes in stream flow will affect salmonids with a rule-based fish habitat model. Our simulations indicate that future summer will be a very challenging season for salmonids when low flows and high water temperatures can restrict movement, inhibit or alter growth, and decrease habitat. While some of our simulations indicate salmonids may benefit from warmer water temperatures and increased winter flows, the majority of simulations produced less habitat. The floodplain and tributary habitats we sampled are representative of the larger landscape, so it is likely that climate change will reduce salmonid habitat potential throughout particular areas of the basin. Management strategies are needed to minimize potential salmonid habitat bottlenecks that may result from climate change, such as keeping streams cool through riparian protection, stream restoration, and the reduction of water diversions. An investment in decision analysis and support technologies can help managers understand tradeoffs under different climate scenarios and possibly improve water and fish conservation over the next century.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Climatic Change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10584-014-1126-z","usgsCitation":"Hatten, J.R., Waste, S., and Maule, A.G., 2014, Assessing climate-change risks to cultural and natural resources in the Yakima River Basin, Washington, USA: Climatic Change, v. 124, no. 1-2, p. 363-370, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-014-1126-z.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"363","endPage":"370","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-055186","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472982,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-014-1126-z","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":287563,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287547,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-014-1126-z"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Yakima River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.5,46.25 ], [ -121.5,47.50 ], [ -119.25,47.50 ], [ -119.25,46.25 ], [ -121.5,46.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"124","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53805198e4b0826cd50163e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatten, James R. 0000-0003-4676-8093 jhatten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4676-8093","contributorId":3431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatten","given":"James","email":"jhatten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waste, Stephen M. swaste@usgs.gov","contributorId":3837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waste","given":"Stephen M.","email":"swaste@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":494031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maule, Alec G. amaule@usgs.gov","contributorId":2606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maule","given":"Alec","email":"amaule@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70100989,"text":"sir20145040 - 2014 - Groundwater levels and water quality during a 96-hour aquifer test in Pickaway County, Ohio, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-23T13:13:26","indexId":"sir20145040","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-23T13:07:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5040","title":"Groundwater levels and water quality during a 96-hour aquifer test in Pickaway County, Ohio, 2012","docAbstract":"

During October–November 2012, a 96-hour aquifer test was performed at a proposed well field in northern Pickaway County, Ohio, to investigate groundwater with elevated nitrate concentrations. Earlier sampling done by the City of Columbus revealed that some wells had concentrations of nitrate that approached 10 milligrams per liter (mg/L), whereas other wells and the nearby Scioto River had concentrations from 2 to 6 mg/L. The purpose of the current test was to examine potential changes in water quality that may be expected if the site was developed into a public water-supply source; therefore, water-transmitting properties determined during a previous test were not determined a second time.

\n
\n

Before and during the test, water-level data and water-quality samples were obtained from observation wells while a test production well was pumped at 1,300 gallons per minute. Before the test, local groundwater levels indicated that groundwater was being discharged to the nearby Scioto River, but during the test, the stream was losing streamflow owing to infiltration. Water levels declined in the pumping well, in adjacent observation wells, and in a nearby streambed piezometer as pumping commenced. The maximum drawdown in the pumping well was 29.75 feet, measured about 95 hours after pumping began.

\n
\n

Water-quality data, including analyses for field parameters, major and trace elements, nutrients, and stable isotopes of oxygen and nitrogen in nitrate, demonstrated only small variations before and during the test. Concentrations of nitrate in five samples from the pumping well ranged from about 5.10 to 5.42 mg/L before and during the test, whereas concentrations of nitrate in five samples on or about the same sampling dates and times at a monitoring site on the Scioto River adjacent to the pumping well ranged from 3.46 to 4.97 mg/L. Water from two nearby observation wells had nitrate concentrations approaching 10 mg/L, which is the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Maximum Contaminant Level for nitrate. Analysis of isotopes of oxygen and nitrogen in nitrate indicated that the source of nitrate is most likely soil nitrogen and fertilizer, with some denitrification and (or) mixing with some manure and septic waste derived from upstream wastewater-treatment facilities.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145040","issn":"2328-0328","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Columbus, Department of Public Utilities, Division of Water","usgsCitation":"Haefner, R.J., Runkle, D.L., and Mailot, B.E., 2014, Groundwater levels and water quality during a 96-hour aquifer test in Pickaway County, Ohio, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5040, Report: v, 16 p.; Table 4: XLS, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145040.","productDescription":"Report: v, 16 p.; Table 4: XLS","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2012-10-01","temporalEnd":"2012-11-30","ipdsId":"IP-053176","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287560,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145040.jpg"},{"id":287559,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5040/table/sir2014-5040_table4.xlsx"},{"id":287557,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5040/"},{"id":287558,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5040/pdf/sir2014-5040.pdf"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Ohio","county":"Pickaway County","otherGeospatial":"Scioto River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.015768,39.753186 ], [ -83.015768,39.768975 ], [ -82.98798,39.768975 ], [ -82.98798,39.753186 ], [ -83.015768,39.753186 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5380521be4b0826cd501667f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haefner, Ralph J. 0000-0002-4363-9010 rhaefner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4363-9010","contributorId":1793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haefner","given":"Ralph","email":"rhaefner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Runkle, Donna L. dlrunkle@usgs.gov","contributorId":2556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkle","given":"Donna","email":"dlrunkle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":492489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mailot, Brian E. bemailot@usgs.gov","contributorId":2569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mailot","given":"Brian","email":"bemailot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70116724,"text":"70116724 - 2014 - Temperature data acquired from the DOI/GTN-P Deep Borehole Array on the Arctic Slope of Alaska, 1973-2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T11:04:30","indexId":"70116724","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-23T09:25:51","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1426,"text":"Earth System Science Data","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temperature data acquired from the DOI/GTN-P Deep Borehole Array on the Arctic Slope of Alaska, 1973-2013","docAbstract":"A homogeneous set of temperature measurements obtained from the DOI/GTN-P Deep Borehole Array between 1973 and 2013 is presented; DOI/GTN-P is the US Department of the Interior contribution to the Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost (GTN-P). The 23-element array is located on the Arctic Slope of\nAlaska, a region of cold continuous permafrost. Most of the monitoring wells are situated on the Arctic coastal plain between the Brooks Range and the Arctic Ocean, while others are in the foothills to the south. The data represent the true temperatures in the wellbores and surrounding rocks at the time of the measurements; they have not been corrected to remove the thermal disturbance caused by drilling the wells. With a few exceptions, the drilling disturbance is estimated to have been on the order of 0.1 K or less by 1989. Thus, most of the temperature measurements acquired during the last 25 yr are little affected by the drilling disturbance. The data contribute to ongoing efforts to monitor changes in the thermal state of permafrost in both hemispheres by the Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost, one of the primary subnetworks of the Global Terrestrial Observing\nSystem (GTOS). The data will also be useful for refining our basic understanding of the physical conditions in permafrost in Arctic Alaska, as well as providing important information for validating predictive models used for climate impact assessments. The processed data are available from the Advanced Cooperative Arctic Data and Information Service (ACADIS) repository at doi:10.5065/D6N014HK.","language":"English","publisher":"Copernicus Publications","publisherLocation":"Katlenberg-Lindau, Germany","doi":"10.5194/essd-6-201-2014","usgsCitation":"Clow, G.D., 2014, Temperature data acquired from the DOI/GTN-P Deep Borehole Array on the Arctic Slope of Alaska, 1973-2013: Earth System Science Data, v. 6, p. 201-218, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-6-201-2014.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"218","numberOfPages":"18","temporalStart":"1973-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-049505","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472983,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-6-201-2014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":290246,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Arctic Slope","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -163.00,68.50 ], [ -163.00,72.00 ], [ -140.00,72.00 ], [ -140.00,68.50 ], [ -163.00,68.50 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53c79f18e4b01948416424ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clow, Gary D. 0000-0002-2262-3853 clow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2262-3853","contributorId":2066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"Gary","email":"clow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70110347,"text":"sir20135165 - 2014 - Glacial geology of the Shingobee River headwaters area, north-central Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-23T08:45:40","indexId":"sir20135165","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-23T08:33:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5165","title":"Glacial geology of the Shingobee River headwaters area, north-central Minnesota","docAbstract":"

During middle and late Wisconsin time in the Shingobee River headwaters area, the Laurentide Wadena lobe, Hewitt and Itasca phases, produced terminal and ground moraine along with a variety of associated glacial features. The stratigraphic record is accessible and provides details of depositional mode as well as principal glacial events during the advance and retreat of middle and late Wisconsin ice tongues. Geomorphic features such as tunnel valleys, stream terraces, and postglacial stream cuts formed by erosional events persist to the present day. Middle Wisconsin Hewitt phase deposits are the oldest and include drumlins, ground moraine, boulder pavements, and outwash. Together, these deposits suggest a wet-based, periodically surging glacier in a subpolar thermal state. Regional permafrost and deposition from retreating ice are inferred between the end of the Hewitt phase and the advance of late Wisconsin Itasca phase ice. Itasca phase glaciation occurred as a contemporaneous pair of adjacent ice tongues whose contrasting moraine styles suggest independent flow modes. The western (Shingobee) portion of the Itasca moraine contains composite ridges, permafrost phenomena, hill-hole pairs, and debris flows. By contrast, eastern (Onigum) moraine deposits generally lack glaciotectonic features and consist almost exclusively of mud and debris flows.

\n
\n

Near the end of the Itasca phase, large-scale hill-hole pairs developed in the Shingobee division, and debris flows from the Onigum division blocked the preexisting Shingobee tunnel valley to form glacial lake Willobee. Postglacial streams formed deep valleys as glacial lake Willobee catastrophically drained. Dates based on temperature trends in Greenland ice cores are proposed for prominent glacial events in the Shingobee area. This report proposes that Hewitt phase glaciation occurred between 27.2 and 23.6 kiloannum and Itasca phase glaciation between 22.8 and 14.7 kiloannum. Des Moines lobe (Younger Dryas) glaciation, which had only secondary effects on the Shingobee headwaters area, occurred between 13.5 and 11.6 kiloannum.

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This report is intended to assist the Vancouver Lake Watershed Partnership in evaluating potential courses of action to mitigate seasonally driven blooms of harmful cyanobacteria and to improve overall water quality of the lake. This report contains stream discharge, lake water temperature, and selected meteorological data for water years 2011, 2012, and 2013 that were used to develop the water and nutrient budgets for the lake.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds849","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Vancouver Lake Watershed Partnership","usgsCitation":"Foreman, J.R., Marshall, C., and Sheibley, R.W., 2014, Discharge, water temperature, and selected meteorological data for Vancouver Lake, Vancouver, Washington, water years 2011-13: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 849, v, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds849.","productDescription":"v, 51 p.","numberOfPages":"62","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2010-10-01","temporalEnd":"2013-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-055506","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287553,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds849.jpg"},{"id":287548,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/849/"},{"id":287552,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/849/pdf/ds849.pdf"}],"projection":"State Plane Washington South, FIPS 4602","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Washington","city":"Vancouver","otherGeospatial":"Vancouver Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.78263,45.626529 ], [ -122.78263,45.729892 ], [ -122.657838,45.729892 ], [ -122.657838,45.626529 ], [ -122.78263,45.626529 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"538051c9e4b0826cd50164c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foreman, James R. 0000-0003-0535-4580 jforeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0535-4580","contributorId":3669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"James","email":"jforeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":493716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marshall, Cameron A. marshall@usgs.gov","contributorId":5412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"Cameron A.","email":"marshall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":493717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sheibley, Rich W. 0000-0003-1627-8536 sheibley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1627-8536","contributorId":3044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheibley","given":"Rich","email":"sheibley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70108284,"text":"70108284 - 2014 - Spatial distribution of loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) emergences along a highly dynamic beach in the northern Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-22T16:13:24","indexId":"70108284","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-22T16:05:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2277,"text":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial distribution of loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) emergences along a highly dynamic beach in the northern Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"As coastlines change due to sea level rise and an increasing human presence, understanding how species, such as marine turtles, respond to alterations in habitat is necessary for proper management and conservation. Survey data from a major nesting beach in the northern Gulf of Mexico, where a revetment was installed, was used to assess spatial distribution of loggerhead emergences. Through use of Quadrat analysis and piecewise linear regression with breakpoint, we present evidence to suggest that nest site selection in loggerheads is determined in the nearshore environment, and by characteristics such as wave height, alongshore currents, depth and patterns of erosion and accretion. Areas of relatively dense nesting were found in areas with relatively strong alongshore currents, relatively small waves, a steep offshore slope and the largest historical rates of erosion. Areas of relatively dense nesting also corresponded to areas of low nesting success. Both nesting and non-nesting emergences were clustered immediately adjacent to the revetment and at other eroding sites along the beach. These results suggest that alterations to the nearshore environment from activities such as construction of a jetty, dredging or installation of pilings, may impact sea turtle nest distribution alongshore. We also show that piecewise linear regression with breakpoint is a technique that can be used with geomorphological and oceanographic data to predict locations of nest clumping and may be useful for managers at other nesting beaches.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2013.11.006","usgsCitation":"Lamont, M.M., and Houser, C., 2014, Spatial distribution of loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) emergences along a highly dynamic beach in the northern Gulf of Mexico: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, v. 453, p. 98-107, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2013.11.006.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"98","endPage":"107","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-045405","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287545,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2013.11.006"},{"id":287546,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -85.601551,29.50046 ], [ -85.601551,30.169672 ], [ -84.67545,30.169672 ], [ -84.67545,29.50046 ], [ -85.601551,29.50046 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"453","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537f0e53e4b021317a86e2d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lamont, Margaret M. 0000-0001-7520-6669 mlamont@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7520-6669","contributorId":4525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamont","given":"Margaret","email":"mlamont@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houser, Chris","contributorId":78248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houser","given":"Chris","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70108189,"text":"70108189 - 2014 - Tailoring point counts for inference about avian density: dealing with nondetection and availability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-22T15:21:04","indexId":"70108189","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-22T15:18:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2827,"text":"Natural Resource Modeling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tailoring point counts for inference about avian density: dealing with nondetection and availability","docAbstract":"Point counts are commonly used for bird surveys, but interpretation is ambiguous unless there is an accounting for the imperfect detection of individuals. We show how repeated point counts, supplemented by observation distances, can account for two aspects of the counting process: (1) detection of birds conditional on being available for observation and (2) the availability of birds for detection given presence. We propose a hierarchical model that permits the radius in which birds are available for detection to vary with forest stand age (or other relevant habitat features), so that the number of birds available at each location is described by a Poisson-gamma mixture. Conditional on availability, the number of birds detected at each location is modeled by a beta-binomial distribution. We fit this model to repeated point count data of Florida scrub-jays and found evidence that the area in which birds were available for detection decreased with increasing stand age. Estimated density was 0.083 (95%CI: 0.060–0.113) scrub-jays/ha. Point counts of birds have a number of appealing features. Based on our findings, however, an accounting for both components of the counting process may be necessary to ensure that abundance estimates are comparable across time and space. Our approach could easily be adapted to other species and habitats.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Resource Modeling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/nrm.12024","usgsCitation":"Johnson, F.A., Dorazio, R.M., Castellon, T.D., Martin, J., Garcia, J.O., and Nichols, J., 2014, Tailoring point counts for inference about avian density: dealing with nondetection and availability: Natural Resource Modeling, v. 27, no. 2, p. 163-177, https://doi.org/10.1111/nrm.12024.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"163","endPage":"177","numberOfPages":"15","ipdsId":"IP-021945","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287542,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287541,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nrm.12024"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537f0e53e4b021317a86e2d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Fred A. 0000-0002-5854-3695 fjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5854-3695","contributorId":2773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Fred","email":"fjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dorazio, Robert M. 0000-0003-2663-0468 bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":1668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"Robert","email":"bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":493977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Castellon, Traci D.","contributorId":101565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castellon","given":"Traci","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martin, Julien 0000-0002-7375-129X julienmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7375-129X","contributorId":5785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Julien","email":"julienmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Garcia, Jay O.","contributorId":93392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":493976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70108091,"text":"70108091 - 2014 - Organic substances in produced and formation water from unconventional natural gas extraction in coal and shale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-22T15:10:52","indexId":"70108091","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-22T15:04:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organic substances in produced and formation water from unconventional natural gas extraction in coal and shale","docAbstract":"Organic substances in produced and formation water from coalbed methane (CBM) and gas shale plays from across the USA were examined in this study. Disposal of produced waters from gas extraction in coal and shale is an important environmental issue because of the large volumes of water involved and the variable quality of this water. Organic substances in produced water may be environmentally relevant as pollutants, but have been little studied. Results from five CBM plays and two gas shale plays (including the Marcellus Shale) show a myriad of organic chemicals present in the produced and formation water. Organic compound classes present in produced and formation water in CBM plays include: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), heterocyclic compounds, alkyl phenols, aromatic amines, alkyl aromatics (alkyl benzenes, alkyl biphenyls), long-chain fatty acids, and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Concentrations of individual compounds range from < 1 to 100 μg/L, but total PAHs (the dominant compound class for most CBM samples) range from 50 to 100 μg/L. Total dissolved organic carbon (TOC) in CBM produced water is generally in the 1–4 mg/L range. Excursions from this general pattern in produced waters from individual wells arise from contaminants introduced by production activities (oils, grease, adhesives, etc.). Organic substances in produced and formation water from gas shale unimpacted by production chemicals have a similar range of compound classes as CBM produced water, and TOC levels of about 8 mg/L. However, produced water from the Marcellus Shale using hydraulic fracturing has TOC levels as high as 5500 mg/L and a range of added organic chemicals including, solvents, biocides, scale inhibitors, and other organic chemicals at levels of 1000 s of μg/L for individual compounds. Levels of these hydraulic fracturing chemicals and TOC decrease rapidly over the first 20 days of water recovery and some level of residual organic contaminants remain up to 250 days after hydraulic fracturing. Although the environmental impacts of the organics in produced water are not well defined, results suggest that care should be exercised in the disposal and release of produced waters containing these organic substances into the environment because of the potential toxicity of many of these substances.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2014.01.003","usgsCitation":"Orem, W.H., Tatu, C.A., Varonka, M.S., Lerch, H.E., Bates, A.L., Engle, M.A., Crosby, L.M., and McIntosh, J., 2014, Organic substances in produced and formation water from unconventional natural gas extraction in coal and shale: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 126, p. 20-31, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2014.01.003.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"20","endPage":"31","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-053971","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287539,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287540,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2014.01.003"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"126","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537f0e53e4b021317a86e2d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orem, William H. 0000-0003-4990-0539 borem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"William","email":"borem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tatu, Calin A. ctatu@usgs.gov","contributorId":5437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tatu","given":"Calin","email":"ctatu@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Varonka, Matthew S. 0000-0003-3620-5262 mvaronka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3620-5262","contributorId":4726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varonka","given":"Matthew","email":"mvaronka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lerch, Harry E. tlerch@usgs.gov","contributorId":600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lerch","given":"Harry","email":"tlerch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":493961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bates, Anne L. 0000-0002-4875-4675 abates@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4875-4675","contributorId":2789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bates","given":"Anne","email":"abates@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Engle, Mark A. 0000-0001-5258-7374 engle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-7374","contributorId":584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"Mark","email":"engle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Crosby, Lynn M. lcrosby@usgs.gov","contributorId":369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crosby","given":"Lynn","email":"lcrosby@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McIntosh, Jennifer","contributorId":100059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIntosh","given":"Jennifer","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70108400,"text":"70108400 - 2014 - Large biases in regression-based constituent flux estimates: causes and diagnostic tools","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-14T11:44:27","indexId":"70108400","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-22T14:58:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large biases in regression-based constituent flux estimates: causes and diagnostic tools","docAbstract":"

It has been documented in the literature that, in some cases, widely used regression-based models can produce severely biased estimates of long-term mean river fluxes of various constituents. These models, estimated using sample values of concentration, discharge, and date, are used to compute estimated fluxes for a multiyear period at a daily time step. This study compares results of the LOADEST seven-parameter model, LOADEST five-parameter model, and the Weighted Regressions on Time, Discharge, and Season (WRTDS) model using subsampling of six very large datasets to better understand this bias problem. This analysis considers sample datasets for dissolved nitrate and total phosphorus. The results show that LOADEST-7 and LOADEST-5, although they often produce very nearly unbiased results, can produce highly biased results. This study identifies three conditions that can give rise to these severe biases: (1) lack of fit of the log of concentration vs. log discharge relationship, (2) substantial differences in the shape of this relationship across seasons, and (3) severely heteroscedastic residuals. The WRTDS model is more resistant to the bias problem than the LOADEST models but is not immune to them. Understanding the causes of the bias problem is crucial to selecting an appropriate method for flux computations. Diagnostic tools for identifying the potential for bias problems are introduced, and strategies for resolving bias problems are described.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Herndon, VA","doi":"10.1111/jawr.12195","usgsCitation":"Hirsch, R.M., 2014, Large biases in regression-based constituent flux estimates: causes and diagnostic tools: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 50, no. 6, p. 1401-1424, https://doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12195.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"1401","endPage":"1424","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054084","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472984,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12195","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":287538,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287531,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12195"}],"volume":"50","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537f0e52e4b021317a86e2cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hirsch, Robert M. 0000-0002-4534-075X rhirsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-075X","contributorId":2005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"Robert","email":"rhirsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70108399,"text":"70108399 - 2014 - Insights into biodegradation through depth-resolved microbial community functional and structural profiling of a crude-oil contaminant plume","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T16:43:08","indexId":"70108399","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-22T14:44:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2729,"text":"Microbial Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Insights into biodegradation through depth-resolved microbial community functional and structural profiling of a crude-oil contaminant plume","docAbstract":"Small-scale geochemical gradients are a key feature of aquifer contaminant plumes, highlighting the need for functional and structural profiling of corresponding microbial communities on a similar scale. The purpose of this study was to characterize the microbial functional and structural diversity with depth across representative redox zones of a hydrocarbon plume and an adjacent wetland, at the Bemidji Oil Spill site. A combination of quantitative PCR, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, and pyrosequencing were applied to vertically sampled sediment cores. Levels of the methanogenic marker gene, methyl coenzyme-M reductase A (mcrA), increased with depth near the oil body center, but were variable with depth further downgradient. Benzoate degradation N (bzdN) hydrocarbon-degradation gene, common to facultatively anaerobic Azoarcus spp., was found at all locations, but was highest near the oil body center. Microbial community structural differences were observed across sediment cores, and bacterial classes containing known hydrocarbon degraders were found to be low in relative abundance. Depth-resolved functional and structural profiling revealed the strongest gradients in the iron-reducing zone, displaying the greatest variability with depth. This study provides important insight into biogeochemical characteristics in different regions of contaminant plumes, which will aid in improving models of contaminant fate and natural attenuation rates.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00248-014-0421-6","usgsCitation":"Fahrenfeld, N., Cozzarelli, I.M., Bailey, Z., and Pruden, A., 2014, Insights into biodegradation through depth-resolved microbial community functional and structural profiling of a crude-oil contaminant plume: Microbial Ecology, v. 68, no. 3, p. 453-462, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-014-0421-6.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"453","endPage":"462","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-054781","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287537,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287536,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00248-014-0421-6"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Bemidji","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.117226,47.560427 ], [ -95.117226,47.581389 ], [ -95.07062,47.581389 ], [ -95.07062,47.560427 ], [ -95.117226,47.560427 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"68","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537f0e52e4b021317a86e2c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fahrenfeld, Nicole","contributorId":32832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fahrenfeld","given":"Nicole","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. 0000-0002-5123-1007 icozzare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":1693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"Isabelle","email":"icozzare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bailey, Zach","contributorId":21866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Zach","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pruden, Amy","contributorId":103398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pruden","given":"Amy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70108236,"text":"70108236 - 2014 - Early signs of recovery of Acropora palmata in St. John, US Virgin Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-22T14:41:06","indexId":"70108236","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-22T14:36:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2660,"text":"Marine Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Early signs of recovery of Acropora palmata in St. John, US Virgin Islands","docAbstract":"Since the 1980s, diseases have caused significant declines in the population of the threatened Caribbean coral Acropora palmata. Yet it is largely unknown whether the population densities have recovered from these declines and whether there have been any recent shifts in size-frequency distributions toward large colonies. It is also unknown whether colony size influences the risk of disease infection, the most common stressor affecting this species. To address these unknowns, we examined A. palmata colonies at ten sites around St. John, US Virgin Islands, in 2004 and 2010. The prevalence of white-pox disease was highly variable among sites, ranging from 0 to 53 %, and this disease preferentially targeted large colonies. We found that colony density did not significantly change over the 6-year period, although six out of ten sites showed higher densities through time. The size-frequency distributions of coral colonies at all sites were positively skewed in both 2004 and 2010, however, most sites showed a temporal shift toward more large-sized colonies. This increase in large-sized colonies occurred despite the presence of white-pox disease, a severe bleaching event, and several storms. This study provides evidence of slow recovery of the A. palmata population around St. John despite the persistence of several stressors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00227-013-2341-2","usgsCitation":"Muller, E.M., Rogers, C.S., and van Woesik, R., 2014, Early signs of recovery of Acropora palmata in St. John, US Virgin Islands: Marine Biology, v. 161, no. 2, p. 359-365, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-013-2341-2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"359","endPage":"365","numberOfPages":"7","ipdsId":"IP-043299","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287535,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287534,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-013-2341-2"}],"country":"U.S. Virgin Islands","otherGeospatial":"St. John","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -64.839892,18.272979 ], [ -64.839892,18.401276 ], [ -64.648615,18.401276 ], [ -64.648615,18.272979 ], [ -64.839892,18.272979 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"161","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-10-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537f0e51e4b021317a86e2c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muller, E. M.","contributorId":23778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muller","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rogers, Caroline S. 0000-0001-9056-6961 caroline_rogers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9056-6961","contributorId":3126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"Caroline","email":"caroline_rogers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"van Woesik, R.","contributorId":40820,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van Woesik","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70103567,"text":"ds846 - 2014 - Low-altitude photographic transects of the Arctic Network of National Park Units and Selawik National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska, July 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-28T14:33:25","indexId":"ds846","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-21T12:44:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"846","title":"Low-altitude photographic transects of the Arctic Network of National Park Units and Selawik National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska, July 2013","docAbstract":"

During July 16–18, 2013, low-level photography flights were conducted (with a Cessna 185 with floats and a Cessna 206 with tundra tires) over the five administrative units of the National Park Service Arctic Network (Bering Land Bridge National Preserve, Cape Krusenstern National Monument, Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve, Kobuk Valley National Park, and Noatak National Preserve) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s Selawik National Wildlife Refuge in northwest Alaska, to provide images of current conditions and prevalence of land-cover types as a baseline for measuring future change, and to complement the existing grid-based sample photography of the region. Total flight time was 17 hours, 46 minutes, and total flight distance was 2,590 kilometers, at a mean altitude of about 300 meters above ground level.

\n
\n

A total of 19,167 photographs were taken from five digital camera systems:

\n
\n

1. A Drift® HD-170 (focal length 5.00 mm);
\n2. A GoPro® Hero3 Black Edition (focal length 2.77 mm);
\n3. A Panasonic® Lumix DMC-FZ200 (24× superzoom with variable focal length);
\n4. A Panasonic® Lumix DMC-SZ7 (10x superzoom with variable focal length); and
\n5. A Canon® Rebel 3Ti with a Sigma zoom lens (18–200 mm focal length).

\n
\n

The Drift® HD-170 and GoPro® Hero3 cameras were secured to the struts and underwing for nadir (direct downward) imaging. The Panasonic® and Canon® cameras were each hand-held for oblique-angle landscape images, shooting through the airplanes’ windows, targeting both general landscape conditions as well as landscape features of special interest, such as tundra fire scars and landslips.

\n
\n

The Drift® and GoPro® cameras each were set for time-lapse photography at 5-second intervals for overlapping coverage. Photographs from all cameras (100 percent .jpg format) were date- and time-synchronized to geographic positioning system waypoints taken during the flights, also at 5-second intervals, providing precise geotagging (latitude-longitude) of all files. All photographs were adjusted for color saturation and gamma, and nadir photographs were corrected for lens distortion for the Drift® and GoPro® cameras’ 170° wide-angle distortion. EXIF (exchangeable image file format) data on camera settings and geotagging were extracted into spreadsheet databases. An additional 1 hour, 20 minutes, and 43 seconds of high-resolution videos were recorded at 60 frames per second with the GoPro® camera along selected transect segments, and also were image-adjusted and corrected for lens distortion. Geotagged locations of 12,395 nadir photographs from the Drift® and GoPro® cameras were overlayed in a geographic information system (ArcMap 10.0) onto a map of 44 ecotypes (land- and water-cover types) of the Arctic Network study area. Presence and area of each ecotype occurring within a geographic information system window centered on the location of each photograph were recorded and included in the spreadsheet databases. All original and adjusted photographs, videos, geographic positioning system flight tracks, and photograph databases are available by contacting ascweb@usgs.gov.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds846","usgsCitation":"Marcot, B., Jorgenson, M., and DeGange, A.R., 2014, Low-altitude photographic transects of the Arctic Network of National Park Units and Selawik National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska, July 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 846, vi, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds846.","productDescription":"vi, 44 p.","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-055102","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438765,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KFIRWQ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Low-Altitude Photographic Transects of the Arctic Network of National Park Units and Selawik National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska, July 2013"},{"id":287475,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds846.jpg"},{"id":287474,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/846/pdf/ds846.pdf"},{"id":287473,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/846/"}],"projection":"Albers equal-area conic projection","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bering Land Bridge National Preserve;Cape Krusenstern National Monument;Gates Of The Arctic National Park And Preserve;Kobuk Valley National Park;Noatak National Preserve","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -168.33,64.3 ], [ -168.33,68.9 ], [ -148.67,68.9 ], [ -148.67,64.3 ], [ -168.33,64.3 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537dbcd0e4b05ed6215c078d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marcot, Bruce G.","contributorId":58015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marcot","given":"Bruce G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jorgenson, M. Torre","contributorId":40486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorgenson","given":"M. Torre","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeGange, Anthony R. tdegange@usgs.gov","contributorId":139765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeGange","given":"Anthony","email":"tdegange@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":493390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70125290,"text":"70125290 - 2014 - Fuzzy boundaries: color and gene flow patterns among parapatric lineages of the western shovel-nosed snake and taxonomic implication","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-16T10:32:35","indexId":"70125290","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-21T10:30:59","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fuzzy boundaries: color and gene flow patterns among parapatric lineages of the western shovel-nosed snake and taxonomic implication","docAbstract":"Accurate delineation of lineage diversity is increasingly important, as species distributions are becoming more reduced and threatened. During the last century, the subspecies category was often used to denote phenotypic variation within a species range and to provide a framework for understanding lineage differentiation, often considered incipient speciation. While this category has largely fallen into disuse, previously recognized subspecies often serve as important units for conservation policy and management when other information is lacking. In this study, we evaluated phenotypic subspecies hypotheses within shovel-nosed snakes on the basis of genetic data and considered how evolutionary processes such as gene flow influenced possible incongruence between phenotypic and genetic patterns. We used both traditional phylogenetic and Bayesian clustering analyses to infer range-wide genetic structure and spatially explicit analyses to detect possible boundary locations of lineage contact. Multilocus analyses supported three historically isolated groups with low to moderate levels of contemporary gene exchange. Genetic data did not support phenotypic subspecies as exclusive groups, and we detected patterns of discordance in areas where three subspecies are presumed to be in contact. Based on genetic and phenotypic evidence, we suggested that species-level diversity is underestimated in this group and we proposed that two species be recognized, Chionactis occipitalis and C. annulata. In addition, we recommend retention of two subspecific designations within C. annulata (C. a. annulata and C. a. klauberi) that reflect regional shifts in both genetic and phenotypic variation within the species. Our results highlight the difficultly in validating taxonomic boundaries within lineages that are evolving under a time-dependent, continuous process.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0097494","usgsCitation":"Wood, D.A., Fisher, R.N., and Vandergast, A.G., 2014, Fuzzy boundaries: color and gene flow patterns among parapatric lineages of the western shovel-nosed snake and taxonomic implication: PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 5, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0097494.","productDescription":"HTML Document","ipdsId":"IP-055947","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472985,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0097494","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":293911,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293872,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0097494"}],"volume":"9","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54195137e4b091c7ffc8e6cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Dustin A. 0000-0002-7668-9911 dawood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7668-9911","contributorId":4179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Dustin","email":"dawood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240 rfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":1529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","email":"rfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vandergast, Amy G. 0000-0002-7835-6571","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7835-6571","contributorId":97617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandergast","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70107909,"text":"70107909 - 2014 - Unsaturated flow characterization utilizing water content data collected within the capillary fringe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-21T10:06:24","indexId":"70107909","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-21T10:01:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":686,"text":"Air, Soil and Water Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unsaturated flow characterization utilizing water content data collected within the capillary fringe","docAbstract":"An analysis is presented to determine unsaturated zone hydraulic parameters based on detailed water content profiles, which can be readily acquired during hydrological investigations. Core samples taken through the unsaturated zone allow for the acquisition of gravimetrically determined water content data as a function of elevation at 3 inch intervals. This dense spacing of data provides several measurements of the water content within the capillary fringe, which are utilized to determine capillary pressure function parameters via least-squares calibration. The water content data collected above the capillary fringe are used to calculate dimensionless flow as a function of elevation providing a snapshot characterization of flow through the unsaturated zone. The water content at a flow stagnation point provides an in situ estimate of specific yield. In situ determinations of capillary pressure function parameters utilizing this method, together with particle-size distributions, can provide a valuable supplement to data libraries of unsaturated zone hydraulic parameters. The method is illustrated using data collected from plots within an agricultural research facility in Wisconsin.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Air, Soil and Water Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Libertas Academica","doi":"10.4137/ASWR.S13282","usgsCitation":"Baehr, A., and Reilly, T.J., 2014, Unsaturated flow characterization utilizing water content data collected within the capillary fringe: Air, Soil and Water Research, v. 7, p. 47-52, https://doi.org/10.4137/ASWR.S13282.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"52","numberOfPages":"6","ipdsId":"IP-043817","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472986,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4137/aswr.s13282","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":287442,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287395,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.4137/ASWR.S13282"}],"volume":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537dbcd0e4b05ed6215c0795","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baehr, Arthur","contributorId":56979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baehr","given":"Arthur","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reilly, Timothy J. 0000-0002-2939-3050 tjreilly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2939-3050","contributorId":1858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"Timothy","email":"tjreilly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70107914,"text":"70107914 - 2014 - Landscape selection by piping plovers has implications for measuring habitat and population size","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T10:55:15","indexId":"70107914","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-21T09:49:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape selection by piping plovers has implications for measuring habitat and population size","docAbstract":"How breeding birds distribute in relation to landscape-scale habitat features has important implications for conservation because those features may constrain habitat suitability. Furthermore, knowledge of these associations can help build models to improve area-wide demographic estimates or to develop a sampling stratification for research and monitoring. This is particularly important for rare species that have uneven distributions across vast areas, such as the federally listed piping plover (Charadrius melodus; hereafter plover). We examined how remotely-sensed landscape features influenced the distribution of breeding plover pairs among 2-km shoreline segments during 2006–2009 at Lake Sakakawea in North Dakota, USA. We found strong associations between remotely-sensed landscape features and plover abundance and distribution (R2 = 0.65). Plovers were nearly absent from segments with bluffs (>25 m elevation increase within 250 m of shoreline). Relative plover density (pairs/ha) was markedly greater on islands (4.84 ± 1.22 SE) than on mainlands (0.85 ± 0.17 SE). Pair numbers increased with abundance of nesting habitat (unvegetated-flat areas β^=0.28±0.08SE ). On islands, pair numbers also increased with the relative proportion of the total area that was habitat ( β^=3.27±0.46SE ). Our model could be adapted to estimate the breeding population of plovers or to make predictions that provide a basis for stratification and design of future surveys. Knowledge of landscape features, such as bluffs, that exclude use by birds refines habitat suitability and facilitates more accurate estimates of habitat and population abundance, by decreasing the size of the sampling universe. Furthermore, techniques demonstrated here are applicable to other vast areas where birds breed in sparse or uneven densities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landscape Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10980-014-0041-z","usgsCitation":"Anteau, M.J., Shaffer, T.L., Wiltermuth, M.T., and Sherfy, M.H., 2014, Landscape selection by piping plovers has implications for measuring habitat and population size: Landscape Ecology, v. 29, no. 6, p. 1033-1044, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-014-0041-z.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1033","endPage":"1044","ipdsId":"IP-039411","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287424,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287423,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-014-0041-z"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Lake Sakakawea","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -103.5771,47.4491 ], [ -103.5771,48.1718 ], [ -101.2537,48.1718 ], [ -101.2537,47.4491 ], [ -103.5771,47.4491 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537dbcd0e4b05ed6215c0789","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anteau, Michael J. 0000-0002-5173-5870 manteau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5173-5870","contributorId":3427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anteau","given":"Michael","email":"manteau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shaffer, Terry L. 0000-0001-6950-8951 tshaffer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6950-8951","contributorId":3192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Terry","email":"tshaffer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiltermuth, Mark T. 0000-0002-8871-2816 mwiltermuth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8871-2816","contributorId":708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiltermuth","given":"Mark","email":"mwiltermuth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sherfy, Mark H. 0000-0003-3016-4105 msherfy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3016-4105","contributorId":125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherfy","given":"Mark","email":"msherfy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}