Pollination is a critical ecosystem service affected by various drivers of land-use change, such as policies and programs aimed at land resources, market values for crop commodities, local land-management decisions, and shifts in climate. The United States is the world's most active market for pollination services by honey bees, and the Northern Great Plains provide the majority of bee colonies used to meet the Nation's annual pollination needs. Legislation requiring increased production of biofuel crops, increasing commodity prices for crops of little nutritional value for bees in the Northern Great Plains, and reductions in government programs aimed at promoting land conservation are converging to alter the regional landscape in ways that challenge beekeepers to provide adequate numbers of hives for national pollination services. We developed a spatially explicit model that identifies sites with the potential to support large apiaries based on local-scale land-cover requirements for honey bees. We produced maps of potential apiary locations for North Dakota, a leading producer of honey, based on land-cover maps representing (1) an annual time series compiled from existing operational products and (2) a realistic scenario of land change. We found that existing land-cover products lack sufficient local accuracy to monitor actual changes in landscape suitability for honey bees, but our model proved informative for evaluating effects on suitability under scenarios of land change. The scenario we implemented was aligned with current drivers of land-use change in the Northern Great Plains and highlighted the importance of conservation lands in landscapes intensively and extensively managed for crops.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0099268","usgsCitation":"Gallant, A.L., Euliss, N.H., and Browning, Z., 2014, Mapping large-area landscape suitability for honey bees to assess the influence of land-use change on sustainability of national pollination services: PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 6, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0099268.","productDescription":"e99268; 14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","ipdsId":"IP-044117","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472992,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0099268","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341316,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591abe38e4b0a7fdb43c8bfd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gallant, Alisa L. 0000-0002-3029-6637 gallant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3029-6637","contributorId":2940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallant","given":"Alisa","email":"gallant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Euliss, Ned H. Jr. ceuliss@usgs.gov","contributorId":2916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"Ned","suffix":"Jr.","email":"ceuliss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Browning, Zac","contributorId":192022,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Browning","given":"Zac","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70156335,"text":"70156335 - 2014 - A new Liopropoma sea bass (Serranidae, Epinephelinae, Liopropomini) from deep reefs off Curaçao, southern Caribbean, with comments on depth distributions of western Atlantic liopropomins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-09T16:53:20.190775","indexId":"70156335","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3808,"text":"ZooKeys","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"A new Liopropoma sea bass (Serranidae, Epinephelinae, Liopropomini) from deep reefs off Curaçao, southern Caribbean, with comments on depth distributions of western Atlantic liopropomins","title":"A new Liopropoma sea bass (Serranidae, Epinephelinae, Liopropomini) from deep reefs off Curaçao, southern Caribbean, with comments on depth distributions of western Atlantic liopropomins","docAbstract":"Collecting reef-fish specimens using a manned submersible diving to 300 m off Curaçao, southern Caribbean, is resulting in the discovery of numerous new fish species. The new Liopropoma sea bass described here differs from other western Atlantic members of the genus in having VIII, 13 dorsal-fin rays; a moderately indented dorsal-fin margin; a yellow-orange stripe along the entire upper lip; a series of approximately 13 white, chevron-shaped markings on the ventral portion of the trunk; and a reddish-black blotch on the tip of the lower caudal-fin lobe. The new species, with predominantly yellow body and fins, closely resembles the other two “golden basses” found together with it at Curaçao: L. aberransand L. olneyi. It also shares morphological features with the other western Atlantic liopropomin genus,Bathyanthias. Preliminary phylogenetic data suggest that western Atlantic liopropomins, includingBathyanthias, are monophyletic with respect to Indo-Pacific Liopropoma, and that Bathyanthias is nested within Liopropoma, indicating a need for further study of the generic limits of Liopropoma. The phylogenetic data also suggest that western Atlantic liopropomins comprise three monophyletic clades that have overlapping depth distributions but different depth maxima (3–135 m, 30–150 m, 133–411 m). The new species has the deepest depth range (182–241 m) of any known western Atlantic Liopropomaspecies. Both allopatric and depth-mediated ecological speciation may have contributed to the evolution of western Atlantic Liopropomini.
","language":"English","publisher":"Pensoft","doi":"10.3897/zookeys.409.7249","usgsCitation":"Baldwin, C.C., and Robertson, D.R., 2014, A new Liopropoma sea bass (Serranidae, Epinephelinae, Liopropomini) from deep reefs off Curaçao, southern Caribbean, with comments on depth distributions of western Atlantic liopropomins: ZooKeys, v. 409, p. 71-92, https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.409.7249.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"92","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":472993,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.409.7249","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306972,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Curaçao","otherGeospatial":"Caribbean Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -69.15329234262654,\n 12.384060135399267\n ],\n [\n -69.18094060579891,\n 12.411063779703056\n ],\n [\n -69.25466969272212,\n 12.438064664798205\n ],\n [\n -69.39175971371935,\n 12.358178939513664\n ],\n [\n -69.40903996846703,\n 12.25350298488344\n ],\n [\n -69.32494272869563,\n 12.100353754334805\n ],\n [\n -69.17518052088319,\n 11.951624926797635\n ],\n [\n -68.88026417319077,\n 11.831004389698933\n ],\n [\n -68.65907691242161,\n 11.800559003146262\n ],\n [\n -68.63258052180896,\n 11.99782980112245\n ],\n [\n -68.73511003331132,\n 12.041773432250253\n ],\n [\n -68.7754306277219,\n 12.048533353486093\n ],\n [\n -68.80307903531833,\n 12.042900097607273\n ],\n [\n -68.83303162130423,\n 12.065432452958348\n ],\n [\n -68.83763968923722,\n 12.090215810791918\n ],\n [\n -68.87680826666508,\n 12.093595181789254\n ],\n [\n -68.90100062331175,\n 12.107112238600564\n ],\n [\n -68.90100062331175,\n 12.13864937650338\n ],\n [\n -68.9228889459919,\n 12.145406849234362\n ],\n [\n -68.92980104789089,\n 12.134144299441047\n ],\n [\n -68.95860147247,\n 12.13527057584787\n ],\n [\n -68.97818576118418,\n 12.153290350641385\n ],\n [\n -69.01505030464554,\n 12.194956402793878\n ],\n [\n -69.06458703492211,\n 12.21972770967487\n ],\n [\n -69.11873183313116,\n 12.286148389039383\n ],\n [\n -69.14407620676106,\n 12.314287692758043\n ],\n [\n -69.14868427469355,\n 12.340173188153827\n ],\n [\n -69.15329234262654,\n 12.384060135399267\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"409","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d5a8abe4b0518e3546a4a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldwin, Carole C.","contributorId":146698,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baldwin","given":"Carole","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13062,"text":"Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robertson, D. Ross","contributorId":146699,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robertson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ross","affiliations":[{"id":12671,"text":"Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70129259,"text":"70129259 - 2014 - Hydrological controls on methylmercury distribution and flux in a tidal marsh","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-21T10:38:51","indexId":"70129259","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-14T10:35:35","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrological controls on methylmercury distribution and flux in a tidal marsh","docAbstract":"The San Francisco Estuary, California, contains mercury (Hg) contamination originating from historical regional gold and Hg mining operations. We measured hydrological and geochemical variables in a tidal marsh of the Palo Alto Baylands Nature Preserve to determine the sources, location, and magnitude of hydrological fluxes of methylmercury (MeHg), a bioavailable Hg species of ecological and health concern. Based on measured concentrations and detailed finite-element simulation of coupled surface water and saturated-unsaturated groundwater flow, we found pore water MeHg was concentrated in unsaturated pockets that persisted over tidal cycles. These pockets, occurring over 16% of the marsh plain area, corresponded to the marsh root zone. Groundwater discharge (e.g., exfiltration) to the tidal channel represented a significant source of MeHg during low tide. We found that nonchannelized flow accounted for up to 20% of the MeHg flux to the estuary. The estimated net flux of filter-passing (0.45 μm) MeHg toward estuary was 10 ± 5 ng m–2 day–1 during a single 12-h tidal cycle, suggesting an annual MeHg load of 1.17 ± 0.58 kg when the estimated flux was applied to present tidal marshes and planned marsh restorations throughout the San Francisco Estuary.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","publisherLocation":"Easton, PA","doi":"10.1021/es500781g","usgsCitation":"Zhang, H., Moffett, K.B., Windham-Myers, L., and Gorelick, S.M., 2014, Hydrological controls on methylmercury distribution and flux in a tidal marsh: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 48, no. 12, p. 6795-6804, https://doi.org/10.1021/es500781g.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"6795","endPage":"6804","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-057049","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295535,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295494,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es500781g"},{"id":295495,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es500781g"}],"volume":"48","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544775b2e4b0f888a81b8325","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, Hua","contributorId":28916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Hua","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moffett, Kevan B.","contributorId":11976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moffett","given":"Kevan","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Windham-Myers, Lisamarie 0000-0003-0281-9581 lwindham-myers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0281-9581","contributorId":2449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Windham-Myers","given":"Lisamarie","email":"lwindham-myers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gorelick, Steven M.","contributorId":8784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorelick","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70077617,"text":"sir20145023 - 2014 - Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the South Coast Interior groundwater basins, 2008: California GAMA Priority Basin Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-14T10:24:01","indexId":"sir20145023","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-14T10:07:28","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5023","title":"Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the South Coast Interior groundwater basins, 2008: California GAMA Priority Basin Project","docAbstract":"Groundwater quality in the approximately 653-square-mile (1,691-square-kilometer) South Coast Interior Basins (SCI) study unit was investigated as part of the Priority Basin Project of the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The South Coast Interior Basins study unit contains eight priority groundwater basins grouped into three study areas, Livermore, Gilroy, and Cuyama, in the Southern Coast Ranges hydrogeologic province. The GAMA Priority Basin Project is being conducted by the California State Water Resources Control Board in collaboration with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
\n\nThe GAMA South Coast Interior Basins study was designed to provide a spatially unbiased assessment of untreated (raw) groundwater quality within the primary aquifer system, as well as a statistically consistent basis for comparing water quality between basins. The assessment was based on water-quality and ancillary data collected by the USGS from 50 wells in 2008 and on water-quality data from the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) database. The primary aquifer system was defined by the depth intervals of the wells listed in the CDPH database for the SCI study unit. The quality of groundwater in the primary aquifer system may be different from that in the shallower or deeper water-bearing zones; shallow groundwater may be more vulnerable to surficial contamination.
\n\nThe first component of this study, the status of the current quality of the groundwater resource, was assessed by using data from samples analyzed for volatile organic compounds (VOCs), pesticides, and naturally occurring inorganic constituents, such as trace elements and minor ions. This status assessment is intended to characterize the quality of groundwater resources within the primary aquifer system of the SCI study unit, not the treated drinking water delivered to consumers by water purveyors.
\n\nRelative-concentrations (sample concentration divided by the health- or aesthetic-based benchmark concentration) were used for evaluating groundwater quality for those constituents that have Federal or California regulatory or non-regulatory benchmarks for drinking-water quality. A relative-concentration greater than 1.0 indicates a concentration greater than a benchmark, and a relative-concentration less than or equal to 1.0 indicates a concentration equal to or less than a benchmark. Relative-concentrations of organic constituents and special-interest constituents were classified as “high” (relative-concentration greater than 1.0), “moderate” (relative-concentration greater than 0.1 and less than or equal to 1.0), or “low” (relative-concentration less than or equal to 0.1). Relative-concentrations of inorganic constituents were classified as “high” (relative-concentration greater than 1.0), “moderate” (relative-concentration greater than 0.5 and less than or equal to 1.0), or “low” (relative-concentration less than or equal to 0.5).
\n\nAquifer-scale proportion was used as the primary metric in the status assessment for evaluating regional-scale groundwater quality. High aquifer-scale proportion is defined as the percentage of the area of the primary aquifer system with a relative-concentration greater than 1.0 for a particular constituent or class of constituents; percentage is based on an areal rather than a volumetric basis. Moderate and low aquifer-scale proportions were defined as the areal percentage of the primary aquifer system with moderate and low relative-concentrations, respectively. Two statistical approaches—grid-based and spatially weighted—were used to evaluate aquifer-scale proportions for individual constituents and classes of constituents. Grid-based and spatially weighted estimates were comparable in the SCI study unit (within 90-percent confidence intervals).
\n\nInorganic constituents (one or more) with health-based benchmarks were detected at high relative-concentrations in 29 percent of the primary aquifer system, at moderate relative-concentrations in 37 percent, and at low relative-concentrations in 34 percent. High aquifer-scale proportions of inorganic constituents primarily reflected high aquifer-scale proportions of nitrate (14 percent), boron (8.6 percent), molybdenum (8.6 percent), and arsenic (5.7 percent). In contrast, the relative-concentrations of organic constituents (one or more) were high in 1.6 percent, moderate in 2.0 percent, and low or not detected in 96 percent of the primary aquifer system. Of the 207 organic and special-interest constituents analyzed for, 15 constituents were detected. Perchlorate was found at moderate relative-concentrations in 34 percent of the aquifer. Two organic constituents were frequently detected (in greater than 10 percent of samples): the trihalomethane chloroform and the herbicide simazine.
\n\nThe second component of this study, the understanding assessment, identified natural and human factors that may have affected groundwater quality by evaluating land use, physical characteristics of the wells, and geochemical conditions of the aquifer. This evaluation was done by using statistical tests of correlations between these potential explanatory factors and water-quality data. Concentrations of arsenic, molybdenum, and manganese were generally greater in anoxic and pre-modern groundwater than other groundwater. In contrast, concentrations of nitrate and perchlorate were significantly higher in oxic and modern groundwater. Concentrations of simazine were greater in modern than pre-modern groundwater. Chloroform detections were positively correlated with greater urban land use. Boron concentrations and chloroform detections were higher in the Livermore study area than in the other study areas of the SCI; total dissolved solids and sulfate concentrations were greater in the Cuyama study area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145023","collaboration":"A product of the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program; Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Parsons, M.C., Kulongoski, J., and Belitz, K., 2014, Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the South Coast Interior groundwater basins, 2008: California GAMA Priority Basin Project: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5023, Report: x, 68 p.; Related Report, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145023.","productDescription":"Report: x, 68 p.; Related Report","numberOfPages":"82","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-026177","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287116,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145023.jpg"},{"id":287112,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5023/"},{"id":287115,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3088/"},{"id":287114,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5023/pdf/sir2014-5023.pdf"}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area Conic Projection","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"South Coast Interior Basins","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -0.01611111111111111,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -0.01611111111111111,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -0.01638888888888889,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -0.01638888888888889,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -0.01611111111111111,8.333333333333334E-4 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53748252e4b0870f4d23cf94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, Mary C. mparsons@usgs.gov","contributorId":1571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"Mary","email":"mparsons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kulongoski, Justin T. 0000-0002-3498-4154","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3498-4154","contributorId":94750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulongoski","given":"Justin T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70055689,"text":"fs20133088 - 2014 - Groundwater quality in the South Coast Interior Basins, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-08T10:42:46","indexId":"fs20133088","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-14T09:46:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3088","title":"Groundwater quality in the South Coast Interior Basins, California","docAbstract":"Groundwater provides more than 40 percent of California’s drinking water. To protect this vital resource, the State of California created the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The Priority Basin Project of the GAMA Program provides a comprehensive assessment of the State’s untreated groundwater quality and increases public access to groundwater-quality information. The South Coast Interior Basins constitute one of the study units being evaluated.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133088","collaboration":"U.S. Geological Survey and the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Parsons, M.C., and Belitz, K., 2014, Groundwater quality in the South Coast Interior Basins, California: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3088, Report: 4 p.; Related Report, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133088.","productDescription":"Report: 4 p.; Related Report","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-038726","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287107,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133088.PNG"},{"id":287104,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3088/"},{"id":287105,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3088/pdf/fs2013-3088.pdf"},{"id":287106,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5023"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"South Coast Interior Basins","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -0.01611111111111111,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -0.01611111111111111,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -0.01638888888888889,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -0.01638888888888889,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -0.01611111111111111,8.333333333333334E-4 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53748250e4b0870f4d23cf8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, Mary C. mparsons@usgs.gov","contributorId":1571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"Mary","email":"mparsons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70104282,"text":"70104282 - 2014 - Habitat coupling in a large lake system: delivery of an energy subsidy by an offshore planktivore to the nearshore zone of Lake Superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-13T13:22:22","indexId":"70104282","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-13T13:14:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat coupling in a large lake system: delivery of an energy subsidy by an offshore planktivore to the nearshore zone of Lake Superior","docAbstract":"1. We hypothesised that the autumn spawning migration of Lake Superior cisco (Coregonus artedi) provides a resource subsidy, in the form of energy-rich cisco eggs, from the offshore pelagic to the nearshore benthic community over winter, when alternate prey production is likely to be low.
\n2. We tested this hypothesis using fish and macroinvertebrate surveys, fish population demographics, diet and stable isotope analyses, and bioenergetics modelling.
\n3. The benthic, congeneric lake whitefish (C. clupeaformis) was a clear beneficiary of cisco spawning. Cisco eggs represented 16% of lake whitefish annual consumption in terms of biomass, but 34% of energy (because of their high energy density: >10 kJ g wet mass−1). Stable isotope analyses were consistent with these results and suggest that other nearshore fish species may also rely on cisco eggs.
\n4. The lipid content of lake whitefish liver almost doubled from 26 to 49% between November and March, while that of muscle increased from 14 to 26% over the same period, suggesting lake whitefish were building, rather than depleting, lipid reserves during winter.
\n5. In the other Laurentian Great Lakes, where cisco populations remain very low and rehabilitation efforts are underway, the offshore-to-nearshore ecological link apparent in Lake Superior has been replaced by non-native planktivorous species. These non-native species spawn in spring have smaller eggs and shorter incubation periods. The rehabilitation of cisco in these systems should reinstate the onshore subsidy as it has in Lake Superior.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/fwb.12340","usgsCitation":"Stockwell, J.D., Yule, D., Hrabik, T.R., Sierszen, M.E., and Isaac, E.J., 2014, Habitat coupling in a large lake system: delivery of an energy subsidy by an offshore planktivore to the nearshore zone of Lake Superior: Freshwater Biology, v. 59, no. 6, p. 1197-1212, https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12340.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1197","endPage":"1212","numberOfPages":"16","ipdsId":"IP-050829","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287094,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287093,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12340"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes;Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.373,46.4974 ], [ -92.373,47.3983 ], [ -90.2362,47.3983 ], [ -90.2362,46.4974 ], [ -92.373,46.4974 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"59","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537330d4e4b04970612788b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stockwell, Jason D. 0000-0003-3393-6799","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3393-6799","contributorId":61004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stockwell","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yule, Daniel L.","contributorId":92130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yule","given":"Daniel L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hrabik, Thomas R.","contributorId":35614,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hrabik","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6915,"text":"University of Minnesota - Duluth","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":493656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sierszen, Michael E.","contributorId":63320,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sierszen","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":493658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Isaac, Edmund J.","contributorId":64120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isaac","given":"Edmund","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70104300,"text":"70104300 - 2014 - Adaptive nest clustering and density-dependent nest survival in dabbling ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-01T17:17:04","indexId":"70104300","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-13T12:39:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2939,"text":"Oikos","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adaptive nest clustering and density-dependent nest survival in dabbling ducks","docAbstract":"Density-dependent population regulation is observed in many taxa, and understanding the mechanisms that generate density dependence is especially important for the conservation of heavily-managed species. In one such system, North American waterfowl, density dependence is often observed at continental scales, and nest predation has long been implicated as a key factor driving this pattern. However, despite extensive research on this topic, it remains unclear if and how nest density influences predation rates. Part of this confusion may have arisen because previous studies have studied density-dependent predation at relatively large spatial and temporal scales. Because the spatial distribution of nests changes throughout the season, which potentially influences predator behavior, nest survival may vary through time at relatively small spatial scales. As such, density-dependent nest predation might be more detectable at a spatially- and temporally-refined scale and this may provide new insights into nest site selection and predator foraging behavior. Here, we used three years of data on nest survival of two species of waterfowl, mallards and gadwall, to more fully explore the relationship between local nest clustering and nest survival. Throughout the season, we found that the distribution of nests was consistently clustered at small spatial scales (˜50–400 m), especially for mallard nests, and that this pattern was robust to yearly variation in nest density and the intensity of predation. We demonstrated further that local nest clustering had positive fitness consequences – nests with closer nearest neighbors were more likely to be successful, a result that is counter to the general assumption that nest predation rates increase with nest density.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oikos","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ejnar Munksgaard","publisherLocation":"Copenhagen","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0706.2013.00851.x","usgsCitation":"Ringelman, K.M., Eadie, J.M., and Ackerman, J., 2014, Adaptive nest clustering and density-dependent nest survival in dabbling ducks: Oikos, v. 123, no. 2, p. 239-247, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2013.00851.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"239","endPage":"247","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-046158","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287088,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287087,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2013.00851.x"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Grizzly Island Wildlife Area;Suisun Marsh","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.121727,38.06149 ], [ -122.121727,38.155651 ], [ -121.885049,38.155651 ], [ -121.885049,38.06149 ], [ -122.121727,38.06149 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"123","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537330d0e4b04970612788a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ringelman, Kevin M.","contributorId":95806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ringelman","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eadie, John M.","contributorId":65219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eadie","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7082,"text":"University of California - Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":493702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":493704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70095522,"text":"tm6A50 - 2014 - Two graphical user interfaces for managing and analyzing MODFLOW groundwater-model scenarios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-13T11:56:05","indexId":"tm6A50","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-13T11:52:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"6-A50","title":"Two graphical user interfaces for managing and analyzing MODFLOW groundwater-model scenarios","docAbstract":"Scenario Manager and Scenario Analyzer are graphical user interfaces that facilitate the use of calibrated, MODFLOW-based groundwater models for investigating possible responses to proposed stresses on a groundwater system. Scenario Manager allows a user, starting with a calibrated model, to design and run model scenarios by adding or modifying stresses simulated by the model. Scenario Analyzer facilitates the process of extracting data from model output and preparing such display elements as maps, charts, and tables. Both programs are designed for users who are familiar with the science on which groundwater modeling is based but who may not have a groundwater modeler’s expertise in building and calibrating a groundwater model from start to finish.
\nWith Scenario Manager, the user can manipulate model input to simulate withdrawal or injection wells, time-variant specified hydraulic heads, recharge, and such surface-water features as rivers and canals. Input for stresses to be simulated comes from user-provided geographic information system files and time-series data files. A Scenario Manager project can contain multiple scenarios and is self-documenting.
\nScenario Analyzer can be used to analyze output from any MODFLOW-based model; it is not limited to use with scenarios generated by Scenario Manager. Model-simulated values of hydraulic head, drawdown, solute concentration, and cell-by-cell flow rates can be presented in display elements. Map data can be represented as lines of equal value (contours) or as a gradated color fill. Charts and tables display time-series data obtained from output generated by a transient-state model run or from user-provided text files of time-series data. A display element can be based entirely on output of a single model run, or, to facilitate comparison of results of multiple scenarios, an element can be based on output from multiple model runs. Scenario Analyzer can export display elements and supporting metadata as a Portable Document Format file.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section A: Groundwater in Book 6 Modeling Techniques","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm6A50","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Miami-Dade County Water and Sewer Department. This report is Chapter 50 of Section A: Groundwater in Book 6 Modeling Techniques.","usgsCitation":"Banta, E., 2014, Two graphical user interfaces for managing and analyzing MODFLOW groundwater-model scenarios: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-A50, Report: v, 38 p.; Software Download, https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6A50.","productDescription":"Report: v, 38 p.; Software Download","numberOfPages":"47","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049500","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287086,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm6A50.jpg"},{"id":287084,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/6a50/pdf/tm6a50.pdf"},{"id":287085,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/software/ScenarioTools/"},{"id":287083,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/6a50/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537330d5e4b04970612788c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banta, Edward R.","contributorId":49820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banta","given":"Edward R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70093712,"text":"sir20145025 - 2014 - Origins and delineation of saltwater intrusion in the Biscayne aquifer and changes in the distribution of saltwater in Miami-Dade County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-13T10:58:13","indexId":"sir20145025","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-13T10:50:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5025","title":"Origins and delineation of saltwater intrusion in the Biscayne aquifer and changes in the distribution of saltwater in Miami-Dade County, Florida","docAbstract":"Intrusion of saltwater into parts of the shallow karst Biscayne aquifer is a major concern for the 2.5 million residents of Miami-Dade County that rely on this aquifer as their primary drinking water supply. Saltwater intrusion of this aquifer began when the Everglades were drained to provide dry land for urban development and agriculture. The reduction in water levels caused by this drainage, combined with periodic droughts, allowed saltwater to flow inland along the base of the aquifer and to seep directly into the aquifer from the canals. The approximate inland extent of saltwater was last mapped in 1995.
\nAn examination of the inland extent of saltwater and the sources of saltwater in the aquifer was completed during 2008–2011 by using (1) all available salinity information, (2) time-series electromagnetic induction log datasets from 35 wells, (3) time-domain electromagnetic soundings collected at 79 locations, (4) a helicopter electromagnetic survey done during 2001 that was processed, calibrated, and published during the study, (5) cores and geophysical logs collected from 8 sites for stratigraphic analysis, (6) 8 new water-quality monitoring wells, and (7) analyses of 69 geochemical samples.
\nThe results of the study indicate that as of 2011 approximately 1,200 square kilometers (km2) of the mainland part of the Biscayne aquifer were intruded by saltwater. The saltwater front was mapped farther inland than it was in 1995 in eight areas totaling about 24.1 km2. In many of these areas, analyses indicated that saltwater had encroached along the base of the aquifer. The saltwater front was mapped closer to the coast than it was in 1995 in four areas totaling approximately 6.2 km2. The changes in the mapped extent of saltwater resulted from improved spatial information, actual movement of the saltwater front, or a combination of both.
\nSalinity monitoring in some of the canals in Miami-Dade County between 1988 and 2010 indicated influxes of saltwater, with maximum salinities ranging from 1.4 to 32 practical salinity units (PSU) upstream of the salinity control structures. Time-series electromagnetic induction log data from monitoring wells G–3601, G–3608, and G–3701, located adjacent to the Biscayne, Snapper Creek, and Black Creek Canals, respectively, and upstream of the salinity control structures, indicated shallow influxes of conductive water in the aquifer that likely resulted from leakage of brackish water or saltwater from these canals. The determination that saltwater influxes were recent is supported by the similarity in the oxygen and hydrogen stable isotope composition in samples from the Snapper Creek Canal, 1.6 kilometers (km) inland of a salinity control structure, and in samples from well G–3608, which is adjacent to the canal, as well as by the relative ages of the water sampled from well G–3608 and other wells open to the aquifer below the saltwater interface. Historical and recent salinity information from the Card Sound Road Canal, monitoring well FKS8 located adjacent to the canal, and the 2001 helicopter electromagnetic survey indicated that saltwater may occasionally leak from this canal as far inland as 15 km. This leakage may be prevented or reduced by a salinity control structure that was installed in May 2010. Saltwater also may have leaked from the Princeton Canal.
\nResults of geochemical sampling and analysis indicate a close correspondence between droughts and saltwater intrusion. Tritium/helium-3 apparent (piston-flow) ages determined from samples of saltwater with chloride concentrations of about 1,000 milligrams per liter (mg/L) or greater generally corresponded to a period during which droughts were frequent. Comparison of average daily air temperatures in Miami, Florida, with estimates of recharge temperatures determined from the dissolved gas composition in water samples indicated that saltwater likely entered the aquifer in April or early May when water levels are typically at their lowest during the year. Conversely, most of the samples of freshwater with chloride concentrations less than about 1,000 mg/L indicate recharge temperatures corresponding to air temperatures in mid to late May when rainfall and water levels in the aquifer increase, and the piston-flow ages of these samples correspond to wet years. The piston-flow ages of freshwater samples generally were younger than ages of samples of saltwater.
\nSaltwater samples that were depleted in boron, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and sulfate, and enriched in calcium relative to the concentrations theoretically produced by freshwater/seawater mixing, generally were found to be associated with areas where saltwater had recently intruded. The calcium to (bicarbonate + sulfate) molar ratios (Ca/(HCO3+SO4)) of these samples generally were greater than 1. Saltwater samples from some of the monitoring wells, however, indicated little or no enrichment or depletion of these ions relative to the theoretical freshwater/seawater mixing line, and the Ca/(HCO3+SO4) molar ratios of these samples generally were less than 1. Results indicated that aquifer materials are approaching equilibrium with seawater at these well locations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145025","issn":"2328-0328","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Miami-Dade County","usgsCitation":"Prinos, S.T., Wacker, M.A., Cunningham, K.J., and Fitterman, D.V., 2014, Origins and delineation of saltwater intrusion in the Biscayne aquifer and changes in the distribution of saltwater in Miami-Dade County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5025, Report: xi, 101 p.; Appendix 1-12: XLS and PDFs; Downloads, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145025.","productDescription":"Report: xi, 101 p.; Appendix 1-12: XLS and PDFs; Downloads","numberOfPages":"116","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-044160","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287078,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145025.jpg"},{"id":287074,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5025/"},{"id":287075,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5025/pdf/sir2014-5025.pdf"},{"id":287076,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5025/appendix/"},{"id":287077,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5025/downloads/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Broward County;Miami-dade County","otherGeospatial":"Biscayne Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.5,25.333333 ], [ -80.5,26.0 ], [ -80.166667,26.0 ], [ -80.166667,25.333333 ], [ -80.5,25.333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537330d4e4b04970612788bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prinos, Scott T. 0000-0002-5776-8956 stprinos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5776-8956","contributorId":4045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prinos","given":"Scott","email":"stprinos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wacker, Michael A. mwacker@usgs.gov","contributorId":2162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wacker","given":"Michael","email":"mwacker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cunningham, Kevin J. 0000-0002-2179-8686 kcunning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2179-8686","contributorId":1689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"Kevin","email":"kcunning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fitterman, David V. dfitterman@usgs.gov","contributorId":1106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitterman","given":"David","email":"dfitterman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70104213,"text":"70104213 - 2014 - Evaluation of sensor types and environmental controls on mapping biomass of coastal marsh emergent vegetation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-13T10:37:49","indexId":"70104213","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-13T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of sensor types and environmental controls on mapping biomass of coastal marsh emergent vegetation","docAbstract":"There is a need to quantify large-scale plant productivity in coastal marshes to understand marsh resilience to sea level rise, to help define eligibility for carbon offset credits, and to monitor impacts from land use, eutrophication and contamination. Remote monitoring of aboveground biomass of emergent wetland vegetation will help address this need. Differences in sensor spatial resolution, bandwidth, temporal frequency and cost constrain the accuracy of biomass maps produced for management applications. In addition the use of vegetation indices to map biomass may not be effective in wetlands due to confounding effects of water inundation on spectral reflectance. To address these challenges, we used partial least squares regression to select optimal spectral features in situ and with satellite reflectance data to develop predictive models of aboveground biomass for common emergent freshwater marsh species, Typha spp. and Schoenoplectus acutus, at two restored marshes in the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta, California, USA. We used field spectrometer data to test model errors associated with hyperspectral narrowbands and multispectral broadbands, the influence of water inundation on prediction accuracy, and the ability to develop species specific models. We used Hyperion data, Digital Globe World View-2 (WV-2) data, and Landsat 7 data to scale up the best statistical models of biomass. Field spectrometer-based models of the full dataset showed that narrowband reflectance data predicted biomass somewhat, though not significantly better than broadband reflectance data [R2 = 0.46 and percent normalized RMSE (%RMSE) = 16% for narrowband models]. However hyperspectral first derivative reflectance spectra best predicted biomass for plots where water levels were less than 15 cm (R2 = 0.69, %RMSE = 12.6%). In species-specific models, error rates differed by species (Typha spp.: %RMSE = 18.5%; S. acutus: %RMSE = 24.9%), likely due to the more vertical structure and deeper water habitat of S. acutus. The Landsat 7 dataset (7 images) predicted biomass slightly better than the WV-2 dataset (6 images) (R2 = 0.56, %RMSE = 20.9%, compared to R2 = 0.45, RMSE = 21.5%). The Hyperion dataset (one image) was least successful in predicting biomass (R2 = 0.27, %RMSE = 33.5%). Shortwave infrared bands on 30 m-resolution Hyperion and Landsat 7 sensors aided biomass estimation; however managers need to weigh tradeoffs between cost, additional spectral information, and high spatial resolution that will identify variability in small, fragmented marshes common to the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta and elsewhere in the Western U.S.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2014.04.003","usgsCitation":"Byrd, K.B., O'Connell, J., Di Tommaso, S., and Kelly, M., 2014, Evaluation of sensor types and environmental controls on mapping biomass of coastal marsh emergent vegetation: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 149, p. 166-180, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2014.04.003.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"166","endPage":"180","numberOfPages":"15","ipdsId":"IP-052200","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287071,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287072,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2014.04.003"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-san Joaquin River Delta","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.7545,37.3797 ], [ -122.7545,38.2715 ], [ -121.2455,38.2715 ], [ -121.2455,37.3797 ], [ -122.7545,37.3797 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"149","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537330d2e4b04970612788ae","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2014.04.003","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2014.04.003","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Byrd Kristin B., O'Connell Jessica L., Di Tommaso Stefania, Kelly Maggi","journalName":"Remote Sensing of Environment","publicationDate":"6/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Byrd, Kristin B. 0000-0002-5725-7486 kbyrd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5725-7486","contributorId":3814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byrd","given":"Kristin","email":"kbyrd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O'Connell, Jessica L.","contributorId":86265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Connell","given":"Jessica L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Di Tommaso, Stefania","contributorId":9965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Di Tommaso","given":"Stefania","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kelly, Maggi","contributorId":14275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"Maggi","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70104635,"text":"70104635 - 2014 - Evaluation of monkeypox virus infection of prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) using in vivo bioluminescent imaging","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-26T15:16:29","indexId":"70104635","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-13T09:54:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of monkeypox virus infection of prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) using in vivo bioluminescent imaging","docAbstract":"Monkeypox (MPX) is a re-emerging zoonotic disease that is endemic in Central and West Africa, where it can cause a smallpox-like disease in humans. Despite many epidemiologic and field investigations of MPX, no definitive reservoir species has been identified. Using recombinant viruses expressing the firefly luciferase (luc) gene, we previously demonstrated the suitability of in vivo bioluminescent imaging (BLI) to study the pathogenesis of MPX in animal models. Here, we evaluated BLI as a novel approach for tracking MPX virus infection in black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus). Prairie dogs were affected during a multistate outbreak of MPX in the US in 2003 and have since been used as an animal model of this disease. Our BLI results were compared with PCR and virus isolation from tissues collected postmortem. Virus was easily detected and quantified in skin and superficial tissues by BLI before and during clinical phases, as well as in subclinical secondary cases, but was not reliably detected in deep tissues such as the lung. Although there are limitations to viral detection in larger wild rodent species, BLI can enhance the use of prairie dogs as an animal model of MPX and can be used for the study of infection, disease progression, and transmission in potential wild rodent reservoirs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/2013-07-171","usgsCitation":"Falendysz, E., Londono-Navas, A.M., Meteyer, C.U., Pussini, N., Lopera, J.G., Osorio, J., and Rocke, T.E., 2014, Evaluation of monkeypox virus infection of prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) using in vivo bioluminescent imaging: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 50, no. 3, p. 524-536, https://doi.org/10.7589/2013-07-171.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"524","endPage":"536","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045588","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472994,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.7589/2013-07-171","text":"External Repository"},{"id":287256,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287255,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.7589/2013-07-171"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.17236328125,\n 46.01222384063238\n ],\n [\n -96.52587890625,\n 46.027481852486645\n ],\n [\n -96.50390625,\n 45.73685954736049\n ],\n [\n -96.65771484375,\n 45.61403741135093\n ],\n [\n -96.3720703125,\n 45.460130637921004\n ],\n [\n -96.35009765625,\n 43.43696596521823\n ],\n [\n -96.3720703125,\n 42.779275360241904\n ],\n [\n -96.39404296875,\n 42.407234661551875\n ],\n [\n -97.119140625,\n 42.66628070564928\n ],\n [\n -98.37158203125,\n 42.66628070564928\n ],\n [\n -98.67919921875,\n 42.924251753870685\n ],\n [\n -104.1064453125,\n 42.94033923363183\n ],\n [\n -104.17236328125,\n 46.01222384063238\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53771748e4b02eab8669ebfb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Falendysz, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":28532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falendysz","given":"Elizabeth A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Londono-Navas, Angela M.","contributorId":27365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Londono-Navas","given":"Angela","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meteyer, Carol U. 0000-0002-4007-3410 cmeteyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4007-3410","contributorId":111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meteyer","given":"Carol","email":"cmeteyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"U.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":493778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pussini, Nicola","contributorId":85889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pussini","given":"Nicola","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lopera, Juan G.","contributorId":7574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lopera","given":"Juan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":7122,"text":"University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":493780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Osorio, Jorge E.","contributorId":50392,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osorio","given":"Jorge E.","affiliations":[{"id":13052,"text":"Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":493783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rocke, Tonie E. 0000-0003-3933-1563 trocke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-1563","contributorId":2665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocke","given":"Tonie","email":"trocke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70104631,"text":"70104631 - 2014 - Gross and microscopic pathology of lesions in Pocillopora spp. from the subtropical eastern Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-20T15:20:48","indexId":"70104631","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-13T09:41:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2361,"text":"Journal of Invertebrate Pathology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Gross and microscopic pathology of lesions in Pocillopora spp. from the subtropical eastern Pacific","title":"Gross and microscopic pathology of lesions in Pocillopora spp. from the subtropical eastern Pacific","docAbstract":"Coral reefs are threatened by a variety of factors including diseases that have caused significant damage in some regions such as in the Caribbean. At present, no data are available on coral diseases in the Mexican Pacific where Pocillopora spp. is a dominant component of coral communities. Here, we describe gross and microscopic morphology of lesions found in pocilloporids at four sites in the Mexican Pacific. Corals were identified and their lesions photographed and quantified in the field. Tissue samples were collected from healthy and affected colonies for histopathology. We recorded seven species of pocilloporids at the study sites with Isla Isabel being the location with the highest coral diversity (H′ = 1.27). Lesions were present in 42% of the colonies and included discoloration (32%), predation-induced tissue loss (30%), unexplained tissue loss (3%) and overgrowth by sponges or algae (35%). The most affected species, P. damicornis (50%), was also one of the most common in the region. No species was more prone to a particular lesion, but there was a significant association between location and the presence of lesions. Northern Islas Marietas (61%) and Isla Isabel (41%) had the highest prevalence of lesions, followed by Manzanillo (37%) and Bahías de Huatulco (23%). Histological changes included atrophy of the surface body wall with depletion of zooxanthellae (91%) in corals with discoloration (bleaching). Ablation of tissue from mesoglea (18%) was also observed. Colonies with unexplained tissue loss showed atrophy and thinning of the epidermis (89%), characterized by cuboidal instead of pseudocolumnar cells normally found in healthy pseudocolumnar ciliated epithelium. Bacterial aggregates between the mesoglea and gastrodermis (11%) were very conspicuous in healthy and diseased corals. Lesions produced by fish bites and gastropods were associated with tissue atrophy (40%) and, in some cases, algal overgrowth near the lesion (20%). No infectious agents associated with cell pathology were detected microscopically. Bleaching and overgrowth by algae and sponges, as well as unexplained tissue loss, are common in Pocillopora. These lesions and anatomical changes warrant further study since their incidence is potentially indicative of reef degradation.
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microcystin, a common class of cyanotoxins, in surface waters of lakes and reservoirs in the continental U.S. with watershed land use using data from 1156 water bodies sampled between May and October 2007 as part of the USEPA National Lakes Assessment. Nearly two thirds (65.8%) of the samples with microcystin concentrations ≥1.0 μg/L (n = 126) were limited to three nutrient and water quality-based ecoregions (Corn Belt and Northern Great Plains, Mostly Glaciated Dairy Region, South Central Cultivated Great Plains) in watersheds with strong agricultural influence. canonical correlation analysis (CCA) indicated that both microcystin concentrations and cyanobacteria abundance were positively correlated with total nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon, and temperature; correlations with total phosphorus and water clarity were not as strong. This study supports a number of regional lake studies that suggest that land use practices are related to cyanobacteria abundance, and extends the potential impacts of agricultural land use in watersheds to include the production of cyanotoxins in lakes.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.hal.2014.03.005","usgsCitation":"Beaver, J.R., Manis, E.E., Loftin, K.A., Graham, J.L., Pollard, A., and Mitchell, R.M., 2014, Land use patterns, ecoregion, and microcystin relationships in U.S. lakes and reservoirs: a preliminary evaluation: Harmful Algae, v. 36, p. 57-62, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2014.03.005.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"62","ipdsId":"IP-053193","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287252,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287201,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2014.03.005"}],"country":"United States","volume":"36","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5377178fe4b02eab8669eda0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beaver, John R.","contributorId":55345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beaver","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manis, Erin E.","contributorId":82226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manis","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loftin, Keith A. 0000-0001-5291-876X kloftin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5291-876X","contributorId":868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"Keith","email":"kloftin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graham, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-6420-9335 jlgraham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6420-9335","contributorId":1769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlgraham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pollard, Amina I.","contributorId":100749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollard","given":"Amina I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mitchell, Richard M. rwmitchell@usgs.gov","contributorId":68658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Richard","email":"rwmitchell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70104222,"text":"70104222 - 2014 - Avian influenza virus antibodies in Pacific Coast Red Knots (Calidris canutus rufa)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-03T14:35:46","indexId":"70104222","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-13T08:43:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Avian influenza virus antibodies in Pacific Coast Red Knots (Calidris canutus rufa)","title":"Avian influenza virus antibodies in Pacific Coast Red Knots (Calidris canutus rufa)","docAbstract":"Prevalence of avian influenza virus (AIV) antibodies in the western Atlantic subspecies of Red Knot (Calidris canutus rufa) is among the highest for any shorebird. To assess whether the frequency of detection of AIV antibodies is high for the species in general or restricted only to C. c. rufa, we sampled the northeastern Pacific Coast subspecies of Red Knot (Calidris canutus roselaari) breeding in northwestern Alaska. Antibodies were detected in 90% of adults and none of the chicks sampled. Viral shedding was not detected in adults or chicks. These results suggest a predisposition of Red Knots to AIV infection. High antibody titers to subtypes H3 and H4 were detected, whereas low to intermediate antibody levels were found for subtypes H10 and H11. These four subtypes have previously been detected in shorebirds at Delaware Bay (at the border of New Jersey and Delaware) and in waterfowl along the Pacific Coast of North America.
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\"}}]}","volume":"50","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537330d2e4b04970612788a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, James A.","contributorId":84649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"James A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeCicco, Lucas H.","contributorId":97431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeCicco","given":"Lucas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruthrauff, Daniel R. 0000-0003-1355-9156 druthrauff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1355-9156","contributorId":4181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruthrauff","given":"Daniel","email":"druthrauff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krauss, Scott","contributorId":43250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hall, Jeffrey S. 0000-0001-5599-2826 jshall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5599-2826","contributorId":2254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jshall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70104194,"text":"ofr20141097 - 2014 - Technical implementation plan for the ShakeAlert production system: an Earthquake Early Warning system for the West Coast of the United States","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70104194,"text":"ofr20141097 - 2014 - Technical implementation plan for the ShakeAlert production system: an Earthquake Early Warning system for the West Coast of the United States","indexId":"ofr20141097","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"title":"Technical implementation plan for the ShakeAlert production system: an Earthquake Early Warning system for the West Coast of the United States"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70199684,"text":"ofr20181155 - 2018 - Revised technical implementation plan for the ShakeAlert system—An earthquake early warning system for the West Coast of the United States","indexId":"ofr20181155","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"title":"Revised technical implementation plan for the ShakeAlert system—An earthquake early warning system for the West Coast of the United States"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70199684,"text":"ofr20181155 - 2018 - Revised technical implementation plan for the ShakeAlert system—An earthquake early warning system for the West Coast of the United States","indexId":"ofr20181155","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"title":"Revised technical implementation plan for the ShakeAlert system—An earthquake early warning system for the West Coast of the United States"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T12:40:51","indexId":"ofr20141097","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-12T19:05:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1097","title":"Technical implementation plan for the ShakeAlert production system: an Earthquake Early Warning system for the West Coast of the United States","docAbstract":"Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) systems can provide as much as tens of seconds of warning to people and automated systems before strong shaking arrives. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) and its partners are developing such an EEW system, called ShakeAlert, for the West Coast of the United States. This document describes the technical implementation of that system, which leverages existing stations and infrastructure of the Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) regional networks to achieve this new capability. While significant progress has been made in developing the ShakeAlert early warning system, improved robustness of each component of the system and additional testing and certification are needed for the system to be reliable enough to issue public alerts. Major components of the system include dense networks of ground motion sensors, telecommunications from those sensors to central processing systems, algorithms for event detection and alert creation, and distribution systems to alert users. Capital investment costs for a West Coast EEW system are projected to be $38.3M, with additional annual maintenance and operations totaling $16.1M—in addition to current ANSS expenditures for earthquake monitoring. An EEW system is complementary to, but does not replace, other strategies to mitigate earthquake losses. The system has limitations: false and missed alerts are possible, and the area very near to an earthquake epicenter may receive little or no warning. However, such an EEW system would save lives, reduce injuries and damage, and improve community resilience by reducing longer-term economic losses for both public and private entities.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141097","issn":"2331-1258","usgsCitation":"Given, D., Cochran, E.S., Heaton, T., Hauksson, E., Allen, R., Hellweg, P., Vidale, J., and Bodin, P., 2014, Technical implementation plan for the ShakeAlert production system: an Earthquake Early Warning system for the West Coast of the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1097, iv, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141097.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.","numberOfPages":"31","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-048911","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287067,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141097.jpg"},{"id":287066,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1097/pdf/ofr2014-1097.pdf"},{"id":287065,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1097/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Oregon;Washington","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.32,31.12 ], [ -124.32,48.96 ], [ -108.68,48.96 ], [ -108.68,31.12 ], [ -124.32,31.12 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5371df53e4b08449547883e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Given, Douglas D. doug@usgs.gov","contributorId":3253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Given","given":"Douglas D.","email":"doug@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":493628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cochran, Elizabeth S. 0000-0003-2485-4484 ecochran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2485-4484","contributorId":2025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"Elizabeth","email":"ecochran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heaton, Thomas","contributorId":13147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heaton","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hauksson, Egill","contributorId":48174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hauksson","given":"Egill","affiliations":[{"id":27150,"text":"Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":493630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Allen, Richard","contributorId":86694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hellweg, Peggy","contributorId":102389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hellweg","given":"Peggy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Vidale, John","contributorId":95804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vidale","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bodin, Paul","contributorId":104142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodin","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70104177,"text":"70104177 - 2014 - Assessment of suitable habitat for Phragmites australis (common reed) in the Great Lakes coastal zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-12T14:45:57","indexId":"70104177","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-12T14:38:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":868,"text":"Aquatic Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of suitable habitat for Phragmites australis (common reed) in the Great Lakes coastal zone","docAbstract":"In the Laurentian Great Lakes, the invasive form of Phragmites australis (common reed) poses a threat to highly productive coastal wetlands and shorelines by forming impenetrable stands that outcompete native plants. Large, dominant stands can derail efforts to restore wetland ecosystems degraded by other stressors. To be proactive, landscape-level management of Phragmites requires information on the current spatial distribution of the species and a characterization of areas suitable for future colonization. Using a recent basin-scale map of this invasive plant’s distribution in the U.S. coastal zone of the Great Lakes, environmental data (e.g., soils, nutrients, disturbance, climate, topography), and climate predictions, we performed analyses of current and predicted suitable coastal habitat using boosted regression trees, a type of species distribution modeling. We also investigated differential influences of environmental variables in the upper lakes (Lakes Superior, Michigan, and Huron) and lower lakes (Lakes St. Clair, Erie, and Ontario). Basin-wide results showed that the coastal areas most vulnerable to Phragmites expansion were in close proximity to developed lands and had minimal topographic relief, poorly drained soils, and dense road networks. Elevated nutrients and proximity to agriculture also influenced the distribution of Phragmites. Climate predictions indicated an increase in suitable habitat in coastal Lakes Huron and Michigan in particular. The results of this study, combined with a publicly available online decision support tool, will enable resource managers and restoration practitioners to target and prioritize Phragmites control efforts in the Great Lakes coastal zone.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Invasions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Regional Euro-Asian Biological Invasions Centre","publisherLocation":"Helsinki, Finland","doi":"10.3391/ai.2014.9.1.01","usgsCitation":"Carlson Mazur, M.L., Kowalski, K., and Galbraith, D., 2014, Assessment of suitable habitat for Phragmites australis (common reed) in the Great Lakes coastal zone: Aquatic Invasions, v. 9, no. 1, p. 1-19, https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2014.9.1.01.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"19","numberOfPages":"19","ipdsId":"IP-051546","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472996,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2014.9.1.01","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":287062,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287061,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3391/ai.2014.9.1.01"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.9911,39.981 ], [ -92.9911,49.0076 ], [ -73.9943,49.0076 ], [ -73.9943,39.981 ], [ -92.9911,39.981 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5371df51e4b08449547883cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlson Mazur, Martha L.","contributorId":95377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson Mazur","given":"Martha","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":493591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kowalski, Kurt P. 0000-0002-8424-4701 kkowalski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8424-4701","contributorId":3768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kowalski","given":"Kurt P.","email":"kkowalski@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Galbraith, David","contributorId":19479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galbraith","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70104181,"text":"70104181 - 2014 - Comparative biogeochemistry-ecosystem-human interactions on dynamic continental margins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-12T14:46:55","indexId":"70104181","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-12T14:25:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2381,"text":"Journal of Marine Systems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative biogeochemistry-ecosystem-human interactions on dynamic continental margins","docAbstract":"The ocean’s continental margins face strong and rapid change, forced by a combination of direct human activity, anthropogenic CO2-induced climate change, and natural variability. Stimulated by discussions in Goa, India at the IMBER IMBIZO III, we (1) provide an overview of the drivers of biogeochemical variation and change on margins, (2) compare temporal trends in hydrographic and biogeochemical data across different margins (3) review ecosystem responses to these changes, (4) highlight the importance of margin time series for detecting and attributing change and (5) examine societal responses to changing margin biogeochemistry and ecosystems. We synthesize information over a wide range of margin settings in order to identify the commonalities and distinctions among continental margin ecosystems. Key drivers of biogeochemical variation include long-term climate cycles, CO2-induced warming, acidification, and deoxygenation, as well as sea level rise, eutrophication, hydrologic and water cycle alteration, changing land use, fishing, and species invasion. Ecosystem responses are complex and impact major margin services including primary production, fisheries production, nutrient cycling, shoreline protection, chemical buffering, and biodiversity. Despite regional differences, the societal consequences of these changes are unarguably large and mandate coherent actions to reduce, mitigate and adapt to multiple stressors on continental margins.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Marine Systems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.04.016","usgsCitation":"Levin, L.A., Liu, K., Emeis, K., Breitburg, D.L., Cloern, J., Deutsch, C., Giani, M., Goffart, A., Hofmann, E.E., Lachkar, Z., Limburg, K., Liu, S., Montes, E., Naqvi, W., Ragueneau, O., Rabouille, C., Sarkar, S.K., Swaney, D.P., Wassman, P., and Wishner, K.F., 2014, Comparative biogeochemistry-ecosystem-human interactions on dynamic continental margins: Journal of Marine Systems, v. 141, p. 3-17, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.04.016.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"17","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055816","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472997,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/gsofacpubs/654","text":"External Repository"},{"id":287060,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287059,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.04.016"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,-90.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"141","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5371df52e4b08449547883d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Levin, Lisa A.","contributorId":12372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levin","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Kon-Kee","contributorId":70289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Kon-Kee","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Emeis, Kay-Christian","contributorId":41744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emeis","given":"Kay-Christian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Breitburg, Denise L.","contributorId":53294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breitburg","given":"Denise","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cloern, James","contributorId":26181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Deutsch, Curtis","contributorId":45223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deutsch","given":"Curtis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Giani, Michele","contributorId":6764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giani","given":"Michele","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Goffart, Anne","contributorId":53295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goffart","given":"Anne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hofmann, Eileen E.","contributorId":55726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofmann","given":"Eileen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lachkar, Zouhair","contributorId":100290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lachkar","given":"Zouhair","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Limburg, Karin","contributorId":36861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Limburg","given":"Karin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Liu, Su-Mei","contributorId":34827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Su-Mei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Montes, Enrique","contributorId":81021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montes","given":"Enrique","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Naqvi, Wajih","contributorId":94597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naqvi","given":"Wajih","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Ragueneau, Olivier","contributorId":6765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ragueneau","given":"Olivier","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Rabouille, Christophe","contributorId":48875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabouille","given":"Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Sarkar, Santosh Kumar","contributorId":81807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarkar","given":"Santosh","email":"","middleInitial":"Kumar","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Swaney, Dennis P.","contributorId":31312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swaney","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Wassman, Paul","contributorId":51209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wassman","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Wishner, Karen F.","contributorId":100746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wishner","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20}]}} ,{"id":70104182,"text":"70104182 - 2014 - Phytoplankton primary production in the world's estuarine-coastal ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-12T14:15:49","indexId":"70104182","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-12T14:08:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1011,"text":"Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phytoplankton primary production in the world's estuarine-coastal ecosystems","docAbstract":"Estuaries are biogeochemical hot spots because they receive large inputs of nutrients and organic carbon from land and oceans to support high rates of metabolism and primary production. We synthesize published rates of annual phytoplankton primary production (APPP) in marine ecosystems influenced by connectivity to land – estuaries, bays, lagoons, fjords and inland seas. Review of the scientific literature produced a compilation of 1148 values of APPP derived from monthly incubation assays to measure carbon assimilation or oxygen production. The median value of median APPP measurements in 131 ecosystems is 185 and the mean is 252 g C m−2 yr−1, but the range is large: from −105 (net pelagic production in the Scheldt Estuary) to 1890 g C m−2 yr−1 (net phytoplankton production in Tamagawa Estuary). APPP varies up to 10-fold within ecosystems and 5-fold from year to year (but we only found eight APPP series longer than a decade so our knowledge of decadal-scale variability is limited). We use studies of individual places to build a conceptual model that integrates the mechanisms generating this large variability: nutrient supply, light limitation by turbidity, grazing by consumers, and physical processes (river inflow, ocean exchange, and inputs of heat, light and wind energy). We consider method as another source of variability because the compilation includes values derived from widely differing protocols. A simulation model shows that different methods reported in the literature can yield up to 3-fold variability depending on incubation protocols and methods for integrating measured rates over time and depth.
\nAlthough attempts have been made to upscale measures of estuarine-coastal APPP, the empirical record is inadequate for yielding reliable global estimates. The record is deficient in three ways. First, it is highly biased by the large number of measurements made in northern Europe (particularly the Baltic region) and North America. Of the 1148 reported values of APPP, 958 come from sites between 30 and 60° N; we found only 36 for sites south of 20° N. Second, of the 131 ecosystems where APPP has been reported, 37% are based on measurements at only one location during 1 year. The accuracy of these values is unknown but probably low, given the large interannual and spatial variability within ecosystems. Finally, global assessments are confounded by measurements that are not intercomparable because they were made with different methods.
\nPhytoplankton primary production along the continental margins is tightly linked to variability of water quality, biogeochemical processes including ocean–atmosphere CO2 exchange, and production at higher trophic levels including species we harvest as food. The empirical record has deficiencies that preclude reliable global assessment of this key Earth system process. We face two grand challenges to resolve these deficiencies: (1) organize and fund an international effort to use a common method and measure APPP regularly across a network of coastal sites that are globally representative and sustained over time, and (2) integrate data into a unifying model to explain the wide range of variability across ecosystems and to project responses of APPP to regional manifestations of global change as it continues to unfold.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/bg-11-2477-2014","usgsCitation":"Cloern, J.E., Foster, S., and Kleckner, A., 2014, Phytoplankton primary production in the world's estuarine-coastal ecosystems: Biogeosciences, v. 11, p. 2477-2501, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2477-2014.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"2477","endPage":"2501","numberOfPages":"25","ipdsId":"IP-049711","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472998,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2477-2014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":287056,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287055,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2477-2014"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,-90.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5371df52e4b08449547883d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foster, S.Q.","contributorId":103184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"S.Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kleckner, A.E.","contributorId":33627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleckner","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70098153,"text":"ds832 - 2014 - A quasi-global precipitation time series for drought monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-27T15:28:17","indexId":"ds832","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-12T12:46:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"832","title":"A quasi-global precipitation time series for drought monitoring","docAbstract":"Estimating precipitation variations in space and time is an important aspect of drought early warning and environmental monitoring. An evolving drier-than-normal season must be placed in historical context so that the severity of rainfall deficits may quickly be evaluated. To this end, scientists at the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Center, working closely with collaborators at the University of California, Santa Barbara Climate Hazards Group, have developed a quasi-global (50°S–50°N, 180°E–180°W), 0.05° resolution, 1981 to near-present gridded precipitation time series: the Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS) data archive.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds832","usgsCitation":"Funk, C., Peterson, P.J., Landsfeld, M.F., Pedreros, D.H., Verdin, J.P., Rowland, J., Romero, B.E., Husak, G.J., Michaelsen, J.C., and Verdin, A.P., 2014, A quasi-global precipitation time series for drought monitoring: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 832, iv, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds832.","productDescription":"iv, 4 p.","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-045311","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287054,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds832.jpg"},{"id":287052,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/832/"},{"id":287053,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/832/pdf/ds832.pdf"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.0,-50.0 ], [ -180.0,50.0 ], [ 180.0,50.0 ], [ 180.0,-50.0 ], [ -180.0,-50.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5371df50e4b08449547883ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Funk, Chris C. 0000-0002-9254-6718","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":62142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Chris C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, Pete J.","contributorId":32453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Pete","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Landsfeld, Martin F.","contributorId":89806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landsfeld","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pedreros, Diego H. 0000-0001-9943-7373","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9943-7373","contributorId":76654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pedreros","given":"Diego","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Verdin, James P. 0000-0003-0238-9657 verdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"James","email":"verdin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":491638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rowland, James D. 0000-0003-4837-3511","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4837-3511","contributorId":37259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"James D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Romero, Bo E.","contributorId":19085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romero","given":"Bo","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Husak, Gregory J.","contributorId":34435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Husak","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Michaelsen, Joel C.","contributorId":91790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michaelsen","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Verdin, Andrew P.","contributorId":35235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70099906,"text":"gip133A - 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These images provide a long-term record of natural and human-induced changes on the global landscape. Comparing images from multiple years reveals slow and subtle changes as well as rapid and devastating ones. Landsat images are available from the Internet at no charge. Using the free software MultiSpec, students can track changes to the landscape over time—just like remote sensing scientists do!
\nThe objective of the Tracking Change Over Time lesson plan is to get students excited about studying the changing Earth. Intended for students in grades 5-8, the lesson plan is flexible and may be used as a student self-guided tutorial or as a teacher-led class lesson. Enhance students' learning of geography, map reading, earth science, and problem solving by seeing landscape changes from space.
\nThe objective of the Tracking Change Over Time lesson plan is to get students excited about studying the changing Earth. Intended for students in grades 5-8, the lesson plan is flexible and may be used as a student self-guided tutorial or as a teacher-led class lesson. Enhance students' learning of geography, map reading, earth science, and problem solving by seeing landscape changes from space.
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For regulated rivers, managing flows is one tool resource managers consider to achieve these goals. Among many factors that can influence riparian community composition, hydrology is a primary forcing variable. Frame-based models, used successfully in grassland systems, provide an opportunity for stakeholders concerned with riparian systems to evaluate potential riparian vegetation responses to alternative flows. Frame-based, state-and-transition models of riparian vegetation for reattachment bars, separation bars, and the channel margin found on the Colorado River downstream of Glen Canyon Dam were constructed using information from the literature. Frame-based models can be simple spreadsheet models (created in Microsoft® Excel) or developed further with programming languages (for example, C-sharp). The models described here include seven community states and five dam operations that cause transitions between states. Each model divides operations into growing (April–September) and non-growing seasons (October–March) and incorporates upper and lower bar models, using stage elevation as a division. The inputs (operations) can be used by stakeholders to evaluate flows that may promote dynamic riparian vegetation states, or identify those flow options that may promote less desirable states (for example, Tamarisk [Tamarix sp.] temporarily flooded shrubland). This prototype model, although simple, can still elicit discussion about operational options and vegetation response.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141095","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with AMS Consultants","usgsCitation":"Ralston, B., Starfield, A.M., Black, R.S., and Van Lonkhuyzen, R.A., 2014, State-and-transition prototype model of riparian vegetation downstream of Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1095, Report: iv, 26 p.; Reattachment bar XLS; Separation bar XLS, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141095.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 26 p.; Reattachment bar XLS; Separation bar XLS","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-053362","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287039,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141095.png"},{"id":287034,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1095/"},{"id":287036,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1095/pdf/ofr2014-1095.pdf"},{"id":287037,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1095/downloads/ofr2014-1095_Reattachmentbar.xls"},{"id":287038,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1095/downloads/ofr2014-1095_Separationbar.xls"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona;Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Glen Canyon Dam","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.5,35.0 ], [ -114.5,37.5 ], [ -111.0,37.5 ], [ -111.0,35.0 ], [ -114.5,35.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5371df53e4b08449547883de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ralston, Barbara E.","contributorId":89848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralston","given":"Barbara E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Starfield, Anthony M.","contributorId":17142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starfield","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Black, Ronald S.","contributorId":65767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Black","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Van Lonkhuyzen, Robert A.","contributorId":49705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Lonkhuyzen","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70068724,"text":"fs20143002 - 2014 - Long-term soil monitoring at U.S. Geological Survey reference watersheds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-09T15:07:28","indexId":"fs20143002","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-09T15:05:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3002","title":"Long-term soil monitoring at U.S. Geological Survey reference watersheds","docAbstract":"Monitoring the environment by making repeated measurements through time is essential to evaluate and track the health of ecosystems (fig. 1). Long-term datasets produced by such monitoring are indispensable for evaluating the effectiveness of environmental legislation and for designing mitigation strategies to address environmental changes in an era when human activities are altering the environment locally and globally.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143002","issn":"2327-6932","usgsCitation":"McHale, M.R., Siemion, J., Lawrence, G.B., and Mast, M.A., 2014, Long-term soil monitoring at U.S. Geological Survey reference watersheds: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3002, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143002.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-045683","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287032,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143002.jpg"},{"id":287031,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3002/pdf/fs2014-3002.pdf"},{"id":287030,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3002/"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 173.0,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,16.916667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53771793e4b02eab8669edc3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McHale, Michael R. 0000-0003-3780-1816 mmchale@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3780-1816","contributorId":1735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHale","given":"Michael","email":"mmchale@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Siemion, Jason jsiemion@usgs.gov","contributorId":3011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siemion","given":"Jason","email":"jsiemion@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":488036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lawrence, Gregory B. 0000-0002-8035-2350 glawrenc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"Gregory","email":"glawrenc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mast, M. 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