{"pageNumber":"1323","pageRowStart":"33050","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46734,"records":[{"id":19683,"text":"ofr95305 - 1995 - Hydrologic data for the Usquepaug-Queen River basin, Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:38","indexId":"ofr95305","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-305","title":"Hydrologic data for the Usquepaug-Queen River basin, Rhode Island","docAbstract":"The Usquepaug-Queen River ground-water reservoir in Rhode Island is part of the stratified-drift aquifer along the Usquepaug-Queen River and its tributaries. The thickest, most permeable parts of the aquifer form the Usquepaug-Queen River ground-water reservoir. The 36.1-square mile study area comprises parts of Washington and Kent counties, and includes parts of the towns of Exeter, North Kingstown, Richmond, South Kingstown, and West Greenwich. The report presents geologic and hydrologic information needed for the prediction and management of hydrologic effects of proposed ground-water development. The report describes aquifer lithology, provides historical data on water-level and aquifer-storage changes, provides information on ground-water quality, and presents natural flow characteristics and water quality of streams in the Usquepaug-Queen River area. The data includes 275 ground-water sites; lithologic logs of 66 ground-water sites; water levels for 43 ground- water sites; chemical analyses of 36 ground-water sites; stream discharge measurements from the continuous-record gaging station on the Usquepaug- Queen River; discharge measurements at 10 partial- record stations in the area; chemical analyses of 17 stream sites; and the data from 14 slug tests conducted at ground-water sites.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S.G.S. Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95305","usgsCitation":"Kliever, J.D., 1995, Hydrologic data for the Usquepaug-Queen River basin, Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-305, iv, 68 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95305.","productDescription":"iv, 68 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152427,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0305/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":19361,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0305/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":49166,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0305/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ce4b07f02db608204","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kliever, John D.","contributorId":46976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kliever","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":18789,"text":"ofr95269 - 1995 - Merging of analog and digital data in the Northern California Seismic Network, and characteristics of the principal seismic systems it employs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:35","indexId":"ofr95269","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-269","title":"Merging of analog and digital data in the Northern California Seismic Network, and characteristics of the principal seismic systems it employs","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr95269","usgsCitation":"Eaton, J.P., 1995, Merging of analog and digital data in the Northern California Seismic Network, and characteristics of the principal seismic systems it employs: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-269, 28 p. ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95269.","productDescription":"28 p. ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152512,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0269/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48159,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0269/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624ee1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eaton, Jerry P.","contributorId":22341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eaton","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":20819,"text":"ofr94711W - 1995 - Hydrologic data from the lower Cedar River Basin, Iowa, 1989-91","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-08T13:11:21","indexId":"ofr94711W","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-711","chapter":"W","title":"Hydrologic data from the lower Cedar River Basin, Iowa, 1989-91","docAbstract":"<p>Hydrologic data were collected from May 1989 through July 1991 from the Cedar River and the adjacent alluvial aquifer. The data were collected during various flow regimes of the river to evaluate the movement of agricultural chemicals between surface water and ground water. Water-quality samples from 34 surface-water sites and 95 ground-water sites were analyzed for 11 herbicides, 2 dealkylated atrazine metabolites, and nitrate. Specific conductance, pH, water temperature, and dissolved oxygen were measured at the time of sampling. Discharge and water-quality data from two seepage investigations were collected to identify gaining and losing reaches of the river and to help delineate where agricultural chemicals enter the river. Ancillary data on ground-water levels and river stage also were collected.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City","doi":"10.3133/ofr94711W","usgsCitation":"Schulmeyer, P., Barnes, K., and Squillace, P.J., 1995, Hydrologic data from the lower Cedar River Basin, Iowa, 1989-91: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-711, iv, 116 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94711W.","productDescription":"iv, 116 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":50401,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0711w/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153390,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0711w/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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J.","contributorId":8878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squillace","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":27546,"text":"wri944060 - 1995 - Land use, organochlorine compound concentrations, and trends in benthic-invertebrate communities in selected stream basins in Chester County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-05T08:58:10","indexId":"wri944060","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4060","title":"Land use, organochlorine compound concentrations, and trends in benthic-invertebrate communities in selected stream basins in Chester County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Land use was analyzed for the drainage areas of 26 stream sites in Chester County, Pa., that cover a total area of 227 square miles or about 30 percent of the country. The most significant land-use changes during 1967-87 were decreased agricultural land use, increased residential land use, and increased commercial and industrial land use.\r\n\r\n      Bulk samples of stream-bottom materials were collected at 42 sites in the study area from October 1985 through November 1987 and analyzed for content of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's). Organochlorine compounds and (or) PCB's were detected in streambed materials collected at 40 of the 42 sites sampled. The most enriched compounds (greater than 15 micrograms per kilogram) were PCB's, chlordane, and DDT plus its breakdown products. Data suggest that chlordane residues are closely associated with residential land use. PCB residues are closely associated with industrial and commercial land use.\r\n\r\n      Cores of labeled sediments from the site of Icedale Lake, a drained reservoir on the West Branch Brandywine Creek, indicate that DDT was the first organochlorine pesticide to enter the Brandywine Creek; concentrations peaked in the late 1940's and early 1950's. As DDT influx subsequently decreased, influxes of chlordane and dieldrin increased and peaked in the mind-1960's, before the Chester County biological monitoring program. Influx of all pesticides appears to have decreased significantly since the 1960's.\r\n\r\n      Contingency analyses showed that the relation between the Kendall slope estimator for trend and the increases in residential land use of 12 percent or greater were significant at the 95-percent confidence level. The contingency tables also showed that the relation between diversity indices of less than 2.25 and organochlorine-compound concentrations greater than 45 micrograms per kilogram was significant at the 95-percent confidence level.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944060","usgsCitation":"Hardy, M.A., Wetzel, K.L., and Moore, C.R., 1995, Land use, organochlorine compound concentrations, and trends in benthic-invertebrate communities in selected stream basins in Chester County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4060, iv, 78 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944060.","productDescription":"iv, 78 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56402,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4060/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126667,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4060/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae09d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hardy, Mark A.","contributorId":50902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardy","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wetzel, Kim L.","contributorId":104884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetzel","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, Craig R.","contributorId":43817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":25913,"text":"wri944061 - 1995 - Water-quality assessment of the Rio Grande Valley study unit, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas -- Analysis of selected nutrient, suspended-sediment, and pesticide data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-15T22:59:56.517691","indexId":"wri944061","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4061","title":"Water-quality assessment of the Rio Grande Valley study unit, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas -- Analysis of selected nutrient, suspended-sediment, and pesticide data","docAbstract":"<p>This report contains a summary of data compiled from sources throughout the Rio Grande Valley study unit of the National Water-Quality Assessment program. Information presented includes the sources and types of water-quality data available, the utility of water-quality data for statistical analysis, and a description of recent water-quality conditions and trends and their relation to natural and human factors. Water-quality data are limited to concentrations of selected nutrient species in surface water and ground water, concentrations of suspended sediment and suspended solids in surface water, and pesticides in surface water, ground water, and biota.</p><p>The Rio Grande Valley study unit includes about 45,900 square miles in Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas upstream from the streamflow-monitoring station Rio Grande at El Paso, Texas. The area also includes the San Luis Closed Basin and the surface-water closed basins east of the Continental Divide and north of the United States-Mexico international border. The Rio Grande drains about 29,300 square miles in these States; the remainder of the study unit area is in closed basins. </p><p>Concentrations of all nutrients found in surface-water samples collected from the Rio Grande, with the exception of phosphorus, generally remained nearly constant from the northernmost station in the study unit to Rio Grande near Isleta, where concentrations were larger by an order of magnitude. Total nitrogen and total phosphorus loads increased downstream between Lobatos, Colorado, and Albuquerque, New Mexico. Nutrient concentrations remained elevated with slight variations until downstream from Elephant Butte Reservoir, where nutrient concentrations were lower. Nutrient concentrations then increased downstream from the reservoir, as evidenced by elevated concentrations at Rio Grande at El Paso, Texas.</p><p>Suspended-sediment concentrations were similar at stations upstream from Otowi Bridge near San Ildefonso, New Mexico. The concentration and estimated load were nearly two orders of magnitude larger at this station relative to upstream stations. Cochiti Lake allows suspended sediment to settle, thus the resulting concentration is substantially lower downstream from the reservoir. Downstream from Cochiti Lake, concentrations again increased due to inflow from tributaries, other ephemeral streams and arroyos, and agricultural and urban areas. Two ephemeral tributaries (Rio Puerco and Rio Salado, which are south of Albuquerque) contribute substantial amounts of suspended sediment to the Rio Grande. Suspended-sediment concentrations in the Rio Grande just downstream from Elephant Butte Dam decreased by nearly three orders of magnitude due to settling in the reservoir. Concentrations then increased due to agricultural and urban impacts downstream from the reservoir.</p><p>Nutrients in ground water in the study unit do not appear to be a widespread problem. However, localized areas that have elevated nitrate concentrations have been documented. The largest median nitrate concentration was found in water from wells located in the Basin and Range-mountains-urban data stratum (3.0 milligrams per liter) and the smallest median nitrate concentration was found in water from wells located in the Southern Rocky Mountainsmountains-forest data stratum (0.08 milligram per liter). Few (3 percent) nitrate concentrations in water from wells in all data strata were greater than 10 milligrams per liter, and most (82 percent) were less than 2 milligrams per liter. Comparison of nitrate concentrations in water from wells located in specific land-use settings across all hydrogeologic settings, with the exception of the Colorado Plateau, indicated that the largest median nitrate concentration was associated with rangeland land use and that larger nitrate concentrations were found in water from shallow wells. Water from wells located in areas of rangeland land use consistently had larger median nutrient concentrations than water from wells in areas of other land uses. </p><p>The largest median ammonia concentration was in water from wells located in the Colorado Plateau-San Juan Basin-rangeland data stratum (0.27 milligram per liter). Most median ammonia concentrations were less than 0.03 milligram per liter, indicating that elevated ammonia concentrations are not a major issue in the study unit.</p><p>The largest median orthophosphate concentration was found in water from wells located in the Southern Rocky Mountains-mountains-forest data stratum (0.15 milligram per liter) and the smallest was found in water from wells located in the Basin and Range-mountains-urban data stratum (0.02 milligram per liter). Most orthophosphate concentrations (85 percent) sampled were less than 0.2 milligram per liter, indicating that elevated orthophosphate concentrations are not a major issue in the study unit.</p><p>Pesticide analyses were available for only 38 ground-water sampling sites in the Rio Grande Valley study unit. Diazinon, at a concentration of 0.01 microgram per liter, was the only pesticide detected and it was detected at only one site. More study is needed to determine if pesticides are affecting ground-water quality in the Rio Grande Valley study unit.</p><p>Surface-water biological pesticide data were inadequate for in-depth analysis. The primary sources of data were the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.S. Geological Survey. In the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service study p,p'-DDE, a degradation product of DDT, was detected most frequently; highest concentrations were found at Stahman Farms in carp (6.3 micrograms per gram wet-weight) and at Hatch in Western kingbird (5.1 micrograms per gram wet-weight). In the U.S. Geological Survey study of Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge no detectable organochlorine concentrations were found in plants, but detectable levels of p,p'-DDE were found in coot and carp, with a maximum concentration of 0.12 microgram per gram wet-weight found in coot.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944061","usgsCitation":"Anderholm, S., Radell, M., and Richey, S.F., 1995, Water-quality assessment of the Rio Grande Valley study unit, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas -- Analysis of selected nutrient, suspended-sediment, and pesticide data: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4061, Report: xiv, 203 p.; 3 Plates: 22.90 x 32.26 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944061.","productDescription":"Report: xiv, 203 p.; 3 Plates: 22.90 x 32.26 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":392989,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47961.htm"},{"id":54674,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4061/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":352277,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4061/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":352276,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4061/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":352275,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4061/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158427,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4061/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, New Mexico, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Rio Grande Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -108.5,\n              31.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -105,\n              31.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -105,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.5,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.5,\n              31.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cde4b07f02db54470e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderholm, S. 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,{"id":23180,"text":"ofr95623 - 1995 - Digital release of stream-sediment, heavy-mineral-concentrate, and other geochemical data collected in the McCarthy 1 degree x 3 degrees Quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-17T15:07:16","indexId":"ofr95623","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-623","title":"Digital release of stream-sediment, heavy-mineral-concentrate, and other geochemical data collected in the McCarthy 1 degree x 3 degrees Quadrangle, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr95623","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"George, S., 1995, Digital release of stream-sediment, heavy-mineral-concentrate, and other geochemical data collected in the McCarthy 1 degree x 3 degrees Quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-623, 1 computer disk ;3 1/2 in. +1 text (11 p. ; 28 cm.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95623.","productDescription":"1 computer disk ;3 1/2 in. +1 text (11 p. ; 28 cm.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0623/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52502,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0623/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":277689,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0623/application.zip"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65a8b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"George, S.L.","contributorId":45342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":23183,"text":"ofr95625 - 1995 - Digital release of stream-sediment, heavy-mineral-concentrate, soil, and other geochemical data collected in the Nabesna 1 degree x 3 degrees Quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-17T15:05:21","indexId":"ofr95625","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-625","title":"Digital release of stream-sediment, heavy-mineral-concentrate, soil, and other geochemical data collected in the Nabesna 1 degree x 3 degrees Quadrangle, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr95625","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"George, S., 1995, Digital release of stream-sediment, heavy-mineral-concentrate, soil, and other geochemical data collected in the Nabesna 1 degree x 3 degrees Quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-625, 1 computer disk ;3 1/2 in. +1 text (10 p. ; 28 cm.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95625.","productDescription":"1 computer disk ;3 1/2 in. +1 text (10 p. ; 28 cm.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156069,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0625/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52505,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0625/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":277685,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0625/application.zip"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65a5b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"George, S.L.","contributorId":45342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5223061,"text":"5223061 - 1995 - Spring-summer survival rates of yearling versus adult mallard females","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-27T16:16:14.552367","indexId":"5223061","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spring-summer survival rates of yearling versus adult mallard females","docAbstract":"<p>Knowledge of the timing, magnitude, and cause of mortality in wildlife populations is imperative for developing management strategies that protect or improve the status of these populations. Age- and sex-specific population parameter estimates provide the most useful information for this purpose. Numerous studies have provided information about survival rates in mallards (<i>Anas platyrhynchos</i>), but little is known about age-related differences in female survival during the breeding period. We examined band-recovery data for female mallards banded in southern portions of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba during spring and summer 1981-85. We used band-recovery models to test the hypothesis that yearling females would exhibit higher survival compared with that of older females during spring-summer. There was evidence (<i>P</i> = 0.08) that spring-summer survival rates of yearling females (0.728) were higher than that of older females (0.574). These findings support the hypothesis that age-specific differences in nesting behavior (e.g., later nest initiation and fewer nesting attempts by yearlings) influence losses to predators and are responsible for the difference in spring-summer survival. Management treatments that increase nest success, and consequently reduce the need for prolonged nesting, will increase mallard survival during spring-summer.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3801945","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, R.E., Blohm, R.J., Nichols, J.D., and Hines, J., 1995, Spring-summer survival rates of yearling versus adult mallard females: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 59, no. 4, p. 691-696, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801945.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"691","endPage":"696","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196409,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","otherGeospatial":"Alberta, Manitoba, Saskatchewan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.3533452352784,\n              60.35280665197109\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.3533452352784,\n              49.04175660960465\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.94107785375056,\n              49.04175660960465\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.94107785375056,\n              60.35280665197109\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.3533452352784,\n              60.35280665197109\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"59","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e4919","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Ronald E.","contributorId":174572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blohm, Robert J.","contributorId":202242,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blohm","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36385,"text":"Division of Migratory Bird Management, U.S. Fish And Wildlife Service, Retired, Bowie, MD 20715, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":337768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":140652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":337765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hines, James E. jhines@usgs.gov","contributorId":3506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James E.","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":337767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5222720,"text":"5222720 - 1995 - Geographic variation in band reporting rates for mallards based on reward banding","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-27T16:09:20.051953","indexId":"5222720","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geographic variation in band reporting rates for mallards based on reward banding","docAbstract":"<p>We conducted a reward band study on mallards (<i>Anas platyrhynchos</i>) to estimate and test hypotheses about sources of variation in band reporting rate. We banded 25,398 mallards with standard and 100 reward bands (3 mallards banded with standard bands for every reward-banded mallard) during preseason (Jul-Sep), 1988. We used a series of multinomial models to model the resulting 2,776 band recoveries from 1988 to 1991. Estimates of reporting rate for males shot in 10 harvest areas ranged from 0.29 to 0.46 and averaged 0.38 (SE = 0.020). We found evidence (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01) of geographic variation in reporting rates, but not of smooth latitudinal or longitudinal gradients. There was evidence (<i>P</i> = 0.07) of lower reporting rates for females than males, especially in prairie Canada and the Central Flyway. Except for young males in the northern Atlantic Flyway, estimated harvest rates were lower than historical estimates, as expected from recent restrictive hunting regulations. Patterns of geographic and agesex variation in harvest rates were similar to those obtained using historical band-recovery data.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3801946","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., Reynolds, R.E., Blohm, R.J., Trost, R.E., Hines, J., and Bladen, J.P., 1995, Geographic variation in band reporting rates for mallards based on reward banding: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 59, no. 4, p. 697-708, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801946.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"697","endPage":"708","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194226,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United 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James D. jnichols@usgs.gov","contributorId":139087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":336952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, Ronald E.","contributorId":174572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blohm, Robert J.","contributorId":202242,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blohm","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36385,"text":"Division of Migratory Bird Management, U.S. Fish And Wildlife Service, Retired, Bowie, MD 20715, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":336957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Trost, Robert E.","contributorId":114181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trost","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hines, James E. jhines@usgs.gov","contributorId":3506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James E.","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":336955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bladen, Judith P.","contributorId":26773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bladen","given":"Judith","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":5223403,"text":"5223403 - 1995 - Age-class separation of blue-winged ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-27T15:54:04.060186","indexId":"5223403","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age-class separation of blue-winged ducks","docAbstract":"<p>Accurate determination of age is of fundamental importance to population and life history studies of waterfowl and their management. Therefore, we developed quantitative methods that separate adult and immature blue-winged teal (<i>Anas discors</i>), cinnamon teal (<i>A. cyanoptera</i>), and northern shovelers (<i>A. clypeata</i>) during spring and summer. To assess suitability of discriminant models using 9 remigial measurements, we compared model performance (% agreement between predicted age and age assigned to birds on the basis of definitive cloacal or rectral feather characteristics) in different flyways (Mississippi and Pacific) and between years (1990-91 and 1991-92). We also applied age-classification models to wings obtained from U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service harvest surveys in the Mississippi and Central-Pacific flyways (wing-bees) for which age had been determined using qualitative characteristics (i.e., remigial markings, shape, or wear). Except for male northern shovelers, models correctly aged lt 90% (range 70-86%) of blue-winged ducks. Model performance varied among species and differed between sexes and years. Proportions of individuals that were correctly aged were greater for males (range 63-86%) than females (range 39-69%). Models for northern shovelers performed better in flyway comparisons within year (1991-92, La. model applied to Calif. birds, and Calif. model applied to La. birds: 90 and 94% for M, and 89 and 76% for F, respectively) than in annual comparisons within the Mississippi Flyway (1991-92 model applied to 1990-91 data: 79% for M, 50% for F). Exclusion of measurements that varied by flyway or year did not improve model performance. Quantitative methods appear to be of limited value for age separation of female blue-winged ducks. Close agreement between predicted age and age assigned to wings from the wing-bees suggests that qualitative and quantitative methods may be equally accurate for age separation of male blue-winged ducks. We interpret annual and flyway differences in remigial measurements and reduced performance of age classification models as evidence of high variability in size of blue-winged ducks' remiges. Variability in remigial size of these and other small-bodied waterfowl may be related to nutrition during molt.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3801949","usgsCitation":"Hohman, W.L., Moore, J.L., Twedt, D.J., Mensik, J.G., and Logerwell, E., 1995, Age-class separation of blue-winged ducks: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 59, no. 4, p. 727-735, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801949.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"727","endPage":"735","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199013,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"southwestern Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.88656682066987,\n              29.804337556605716\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.9143034954805,\n              29.804337556605716\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.9143034954805,\n              30.381386655694484\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.88656682066987,\n              30.381386655694484\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.88656682066987,\n              29.804337556605716\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"59","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db689459","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hohman, William L.","contributorId":73141,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hohman","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, Joseph L.","contributorId":182520,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moore","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Twedt, Daniel J. 0000-0003-1223-5045 dtwedt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1223-5045","contributorId":398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twedt","given":"Daniel","email":"dtwedt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":338677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mensik, John G.","contributorId":90253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mensik","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Logerwell, E.","contributorId":64365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Logerwell","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1001167,"text":"1001167 - 1995 - Spring-staging ecology of midcontinent greater white-fronted geese","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-27T15:43:11.501141","indexId":"1001167","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spring-staging ecology of midcontinent greater white-fronted geese","docAbstract":"<p>A major part of the midcontinent greater white-fronted goose (<i>Anser albifrons</i>) population stages for several weeks in spring in the Rainwater Basin Area (RBA) of south-central Nebraska where substantial mortality from disease occurs periodically. Effective management of this population requires better data on use of habitat, vulnerability to disease, and the role of staging areas in migration and reproduction. We studied use of habitat, foods, nutrient dynamics, and effect of changes in agriculture on food availability and habitat needs in spring 1979-80. During daylight, geese were observed primarily in harvested cornfields (76%) and growing winter wheat (23%). Corn grain and winter wheat shoots composed 90 and 9%, respectively, of foods consumed by collected geese (<i>n</i> = 42). Feeding activity did not vary among post-harvest cornfield treatments except that little feeding occurred (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) in moldboard-plowed fields (&lt;1%). Fat content for all geese increased (<i>P</i> <span>≤ </span>0.01) with Julian date; protein content increased (<i>P</i> = 0.03) only among adult females, and there was no evidence (<i>P</i> &gt; 0.05) of temporal variation in calcium content. Adult geese storing 14.2 g of fat per day deposited approximately 582 g of fat between 22 February and 8 April. Energy requirements for thermal regulation were small compared with requirements for fat synthesis and probably had little effect on nutrient deposition. The 34,000 white-fronted geese present on the Harvard Marsh and Prairie Dog Marsh study areas in March 1980 probably used &lt;20% of the corn available within a 5-km radius. We believe that midcontinent white-fronted geese arrive on Arctic breeding grounds with larger and less variable fat reserves than prior to modern agricultural development. We attribute this response to increased food availability on staging areas where the net effect of agricultural changes has been an increase in corn availability. Waterfowl managers can increase dispersion of geese and provide favorable foraging conditions by maintaining well-distributed wetland roosting habitat and by working with private landowners to ensure access to grain in the vicinity of wetlands.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3801950","usgsCitation":"Krapu, G., Reinecke, K.J., Jorde, D., and Simpson, S.G., 1995, Spring-staging ecology of midcontinent greater white-fronted geese: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 59, no. 4, p. 736-746, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801950.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"736","endPage":"746","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133837,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","county":"Clay County, Kearney County","otherGeospatial":"Harvard Marsh, Prairie Dog Marsh","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -98.14655438336845,\n              40.62611018379056\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.1904089915856,\n              40.62611018379056\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.1904089915856,\n              40.60297069561622\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.14655438336845,\n              40.60297069561622\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.14655438336845,\n              40.62611018379056\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -99.14303772942168,\n              40.4090490095503\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.14303772942168,\n              40.393638852987465\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.11194600877934,\n              40.393638852987465\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.11194600877934,\n              40.4090490095503\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.14303772942168,\n              40.4090490095503\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"59","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e5109","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krapu, Gary 0000-0001-8482-6130 gkrapu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8482-6130","contributorId":168791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapu","given":"Gary","email":"gkrapu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reinecke, Kenneth J.","contributorId":87275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinecke","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jorde, Dennis G. djorde@usgs.gov","contributorId":12804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorde","given":"Dennis G.","email":"djorde@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":310633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Simpson, S. Gay","contributorId":17184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Gay","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70246572,"text":"70246572 - 1995 - A mass proportion method for calculating melting reactions and application to melting of model upper mantle lherzolite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-10T16:01:46.6507","indexId":"70246572","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T10:56:04","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A mass proportion method for calculating melting reactions and application to melting of model upper mantle lherzolite","docAbstract":"<p><span>We present a method for calculating quantitative melting reactions in systems with multiple solid solutions that accounts for changes in the mass proportions of phases between two points at different temperatures along a melting curve. This method can be applied to any data set that defines the phase proportions along a melting curve. The method yields the net change in mass proportion of all phases for the chosen melting interval, and gives an average reaction for the melting path. Instantaneous melting reactions can be approximated closely by choosing sufficiently small melting intervals. As an application of the method, reactions for melting of model upper mantle peridotite are calculated using data from the system CaO-MgO-Al</span><sub>2</sub><span>O</span><sub>3</sub><span>-SiO</span><sub>2</sub><span>-Na</span><sub>2</sub><span>O (CMASN) over the pressure interval 0.7 – 3.5 GPa. Throughout almost this entire pressure range, melting of model lherzolite involves the crystallization of one or more solid phases, and is analogous to melting at a peritectic invariant point. In addition, we show that melting reactions for small melting intervals (&lt; 5%) along the solidus of mantle peridotite are significantly different from those calculated for large melting intervals. For large melting intervals (&gt; 10%), reaction stoichiometries calculated in CMASN are usually in good agreement with those available for melting of natural peridotite. The coefficients of melting reactions calculated from this method can be used in equations that describe the behavior of trace elements during melting. We compare results from near-fractional melting models using (1) melting reactions and rock modes from CMASN, and (2) constant reactions representative of those used in the literature. In modeling trace element abundances in melt, significant differences arise for some elements at low degrees of melting (&lt; 10%). In modeling element abundances in the residue, differences increase with increase in degree of melting. Reactions calculated along the model lherzolite solidus in CMASN are the only ones available at present for small degrees of melting so we recommend them for accurate trace element modeling of natural lherzolite.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(95)00148-6","usgsCitation":"Walter, M.J., Sisson, T.W., and Presnall, D.C., 1995, A mass proportion method for calculating melting reactions and application to melting of model upper mantle lherzolite: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 135, no. 1-4, p. 77-90, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(95)00148-6.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"90","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":418811,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"135","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walter, Michael J.","contributorId":204871,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walter","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":877252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sisson, Thomas W. 0000-0003-3380-6425 tsisson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3380-6425","contributorId":2341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sisson","given":"Thomas","email":"tsisson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":877253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Presnall, Dean C.","contributorId":299499,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Presnall","given":"Dean","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":877254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":59330,"text":"mf2284 - 1995 - Maps of upper Mississippi embayment Paleozoic and Precambrian rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-25T08:10:39","indexId":"mf2284","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2284","title":"Maps of upper Mississippi embayment Paleozoic and Precambrian rocks","docAbstract":"The Mississippi Embayment regional seismic hazard (Fuller, 1912; Nuttli, 1973, 1982, 1983), associated with the New Madrid seismic zone (NMSZ) is attributed to displacement on seismogenic structures primarily within the failed Reelfoot rift (Burke and Dewey, 1973; Ervin and McGinnis, 1975; Hildenbrand, 1977; Johnston and Shedlock, 1992). Hildenbrand and others (1977) and Hildenbrand (1985) used potential field data to show the northeast trend of the buried rift and the existence of related intrusive bodies. The Mississippi Valley graben (Hildenbrand and others, 1977; Kane and others, 1981; Hildenbrand, 1985; Wheeler and others, 1993), also referred to as the Reelfoot graben (Hildenbrand and Hendricks, 1995), is here considered to be the structural expression of the Reelfoot rift at the Precambrian basement surface.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf2284","usgsCitation":"Dart, R.L., 1995, Maps of upper Mississippi embayment Paleozoic and Precambrian rocks: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2284, Map: 54.48 x 37.38 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2284.","productDescription":"Map: 54.48 x 37.38 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":183986,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf2284.png"},{"id":284472,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2284/plate-1.pdf"}],"scale":"1500000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.0,34.0 ], [ -92.0,38.0 ], [ -88.0,38.0 ], [ -88.0,34.0 ], [ -92.0,34.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6620e4b0b2908510088d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dart, Richard L. dart@usgs.gov","contributorId":1209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dart","given":"Richard","email":"dart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":261800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":20063,"text":"ofr95585 - 1995 - Compositional data on partial melt products in upper mantle and lower crustal xenoliths and their host basaltic rocks, world localities and Cima volcanic field, San Bernardino County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:50","indexId":"ofr95585","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-585","title":"Compositional data on partial melt products in upper mantle and lower crustal xenoliths and their host basaltic rocks, world localities and Cima volcanic field, San Bernardino County, California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr95585","usgsCitation":"McGuire, A.V., and Wilshire, H.G., 1995, Compositional data on partial melt products in upper mantle and lower crustal xenoliths and their host basaltic rocks, world localities and Cima volcanic field, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-585, 76 p. ill. ;28 cm.; six diskettes 3 1/2 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95585.","productDescription":"76 p. ill. ;28 cm.; six diskettes 3 1/2 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153675,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a7fcb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGuire, A. V. 0000-0003-4646-0750 ffadm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4646-0750","contributorId":50928,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGuire","given":"A.","email":"ffadm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilshire, Howard Gordon","contributorId":102479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilshire","given":"Howard","email":"","middleInitial":"Gordon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":25429,"text":"wri944191 - 1995 - Data on natural organic substances in dissolved, colloidal, suspended-silt and -clay, and bed-sediment phases in the Mississippi River and some of its tributaries, 1991-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-08T12:48:57","indexId":"wri944191","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4191","title":"Data on natural organic substances in dissolved, colloidal, suspended-silt and -clay, and bed-sediment phases in the Mississippi River and some of its tributaries, 1991-92","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri944191","usgsCitation":"Leenheer, J., Barber, L.B., Rostad, C., and Noyes, T., 1995, Data on natural organic substances in dissolved, colloidal, suspended-silt and -clay, and bed-sediment phases in the Mississippi River and some of its tributaries, 1991-92: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4191, iv, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944191.","productDescription":"iv, 47 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":54152,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4191/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":118812,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4191/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -95.2294921875,\n              45.89000815866184\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.50390625,\n              46.07323062540835\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.185546875,\n              45.02695045318546\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.7685546875,\n              43.58039085560784\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.4833984375,\n              41.73852846935917\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.4501953125,\n              39.30029918615029\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.23046875,\n              35.137879119634185\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.0654296875,\n              31.541089879585808\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.7578125,\n              29.305561325527698\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.9892578125,\n              28.34306490482549\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.505859375,\n              30.29701788337205\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.65917968749999,\n              30.486550842588485\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.791015625,\n              32.13840869677249\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.82421875,\n              34.08906131584994\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.9453125,\n              35.96022296929667\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.9453125,\n              37.579412513438385\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.912109375,\n              39.70718665682654\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.384765625,\n              41.57436130598913\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.966796875,\n              44.05601169578525\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.2294921875,\n              45.89000815866184\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c805","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leenheer, J.A.","contributorId":75123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leenheer","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barber, L. B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rostad, C.E.","contributorId":50939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostad","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Noyes, T.I.","contributorId":54971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noyes","given":"T.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":25669,"text":"wri944229 - 1995 - Methods for assessing channel conditions related to scour-critical conditions at bridges in Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:24","indexId":"wri944229","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4229","title":"Methods for assessing channel conditions related to scour-critical conditions at bridges in Tennessee","docAbstract":"The ability to assess quickly the potential for scour at a bridge site, to evaluate those bridges with the greatest potential for significant amounts of scour, and to then identify scour-critical structures is important for public protection and bridge maintenance planning. A bridge-scour assessment information form was developed for collecting data describing the bridge site; the hydraulic geomorphic, and vegetation characteristics of the channel. Information from site assessments of 3,964 bridges in Tennessee was used to develop indexes of potential scour characteristics over broad geographic areas, such as counties, regions, or drainage basins. Channel instability charac- teristics differ from region to region. In west Tennessee counties, channel instability has progressed from valley bottoms into the uplands through headward degradation. In middle and east counties of Tennessee, channel widening is a dominant process, but widespread degradation has been prevented by stream beds being lines with erosion-resistant bedrock, boulder, cobble, and gravel, and by the absence of channelization. Neither quantifiable headcutting nor degradation in bedrock channels was noted at any site in the State. However, potential for lateral scour is prevalent in Middle and East Tennessee.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944229","usgsCitation":"Bryan, B., Simon, A., Outlaw, G., and Thomas, R., 1995, Methods for assessing channel conditions related to scour-critical conditions at bridges in Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4229, iv, 54 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944229.","productDescription":"iv, 54 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122476,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4229/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54439,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4229/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a13b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bryan, B.A.","contributorId":95080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryan","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simon, Andrew","contributorId":78334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Outlaw, G.S.","contributorId":51330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Outlaw","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thomas, Randy rthomas@usgs.gov","contributorId":3650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Randy","email":"rthomas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":194584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":27460,"text":"wri944227 - 1995 - Water-quality assessment of the Kentucky River basin, Kentucky: Nutrients, sediments, and pesticides in streams, 1987-90","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-13T21:35:39.270042","indexId":"wri944227","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4227","title":"Water-quality assessment of the Kentucky River basin, Kentucky: Nutrients, sediments, and pesticides in streams, 1987-90","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey investigated the water quality of the Kentucky River Basin in Kentucky as part of the National Water Quality Assessment program. Data collected during 1987-90 were used to describe the spatial and temporal variability of nutrients, suspended sediment, and pesticides in streams. Concentrations of phosphorus were signifi- cantly correlated with urban and agricultural land use. The high phosphorus content of Bluegrass Region soils was an important source of phosphorus in streams. At many sites in urban areas, all of the stream nitrogen load was attributable to wastewater- treatment-plant effluent. Tributary streams affected by agricultural sources of nutrients contained higher densities of phytoplankton than streams that drained forested areas. Data indicate that a consid- erable percentage of total nitrogen was transported as algal biomass during periods of low discharge. Average suspended-sediment concentrations for the study period were positively correlated with dis- charge. There was a downward trend in suspended- sediment concentrations downstream in the Kentucky River main stem during the study. Although a large amount of suspended sediment originates in the Eastern Coal Field Region, contributions of suspended sediment from the Red River and other tributary streams of the Knobs Region also are important. The most frequently detected herbicides in water samples were atrazine, 2,4-D, alachlor, metolachlor, and dicamba. Diazinon, malathion, and parathion were the most frequently detected organo- phosphate insecticides in water samples. Detectable concentrations of aldrin, chlordane, DDT, DDE, dieldrin, endrin, endosulfan, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, and lindane were found in streambed- sediment samples.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944227","usgsCitation":"Haag, K.H., and Porter, S.D., 1995, Water-quality assessment of the Kentucky River basin, Kentucky: Nutrients, sediments, and pesticides in streams, 1987-90: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4227, ix, 135 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944227.","productDescription":"ix, 135 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":410402,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48094.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":56319,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4227/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157954,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4227/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","otherGeospatial":"Kentucky River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -85.1667,\n              38.3\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.1667,\n              36.9\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.65,\n              36.9\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.65,\n              38.3\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.1667,\n              38.3\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67adeb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haag, K. H.","contributorId":67925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haag","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Porter, S. D.","contributorId":8882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":19558,"text":"ofr95278 - 1995 - Hydrologic data of two wetlands at Spring City, Tennessee, December 1991 through November 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:33","indexId":"ofr95278","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-278","title":"Hydrologic data of two wetlands at Spring City, Tennessee, December 1991 through November 1992","docAbstract":"Hydrologic data for two small adjacent wetlands at Spring City, Tennessee, were collected from December 1991 through November 1992. One of the wetlands was natural and the other was constructed to replace a wetland disturbed by the construction of a road embankment. Water levels were monitored in five 7-inch-diameter wells, approximately 5 feet deep. Water-level recorders on these wells provided continuous records of stage during periods of wetland inundation, and of water-table depths during periods when the wetlands were not inundated. Water levels also were measured periodically in 20 smaller diameter, shallow wells installed in the wetlands. A recording rain gage was installed in the constructed wetland, and a continuous stage recorder was installed on Town Creek, which forms the eastern border of the wetlands. Land surface at the wells was inundated from 0 to 75 percent of the study period, depending on the well. Additionally, water levels were not more than 1.5 feet below land surface for 57 to 85 percent of the time.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95278","usgsCitation":"Johnson, G.C., and Brede, L.M., 1995, Hydrologic data of two wetlands at Spring City, Tennessee, December 1991 through November 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-278, iv, 16 p. ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95278.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p. ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1092,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr_95-278","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":151446,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db60739f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Gregory C. 0000-0003-3683-5010 gcjohnso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3683-5010","contributorId":1420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Gregory","email":"gcjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":181118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brede, Lawrence M.","contributorId":97518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brede","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":31720,"text":"ofr95588 - 1995 - A basic ARC/INFO ARC macro language program for plotting 7.5-minute quadrangle maps displaying geologic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-28T16:26:54.660754","indexId":"ofr95588","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-588","title":"A basic ARC/INFO ARC macro language program for plotting 7.5-minute quadrangle maps displaying geologic data","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95588","usgsCitation":"Bryant, K., and Watson, W., 1995, A basic ARC/INFO ARC macro language program for plotting 7.5-minute quadrangle maps displaying geologic data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-588, Report: 2 p.; 1 Plate: 27.00 x 32.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95588.","productDescription":"Report: 2 p.; 1 Plate: 27.00 x 32.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":493025,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0588/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":19531,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0588/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":161283,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0588/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.5,\n              37.125\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.5,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.375,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.375,\n              37.125\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.5,\n              37.125\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4971e4b0b290850ef2c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bryant, Karen","contributorId":55844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryant","given":"Karen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watson, W.D.","contributorId":96730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28614,"text":"wri944221 - 1995 - Water-quality assessment of the upper Snake River Basin, Idaho and western Wyoming — Environmental setting, 1980-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-16T20:48:16.613157","indexId":"wri944221","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4221","title":"Water-quality assessment of the upper Snake River Basin, Idaho and western Wyoming — Environmental setting, 1980-92","docAbstract":"The 35,800-square-mile upper Snake River \nBasin is one of 20 areas studied as part of the \nNational Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) \nProgram of the U.S. Geological Survey. Objectives of NAWQA are to study ground- and \nsurface-water quality, biology, and their relations \nto land-use activities. Major land and water uses \nthat affect water quality in the basin are irrigated \nagriculture, grazing, aquaculture, food processing, \nand wastewater treatment. Data summarized in \nthis report are used in companion reports to help \ndefine the relations among land use, water use, \nwater quality, and biological conditions.\nThe upper Snake River Basin is located in \nsoutheastern Idaho and northwestern Wyoming \nand includes small parts of Nevada and Utah. Total \npopulation in the basin was about 425,000 in 1990. \nMajor urban areas are Idaho Falls, Pocatello, \nRexburg, and Twin Falls, Idaho, which make up \n10, 11,3, and 6 percent of the total population, \nrespectively. Climate in the basin is mostly \nsemiarid and mean annual precipitation ranges \nfrom 8 to more than 60 inches. The eastern Snake \nRiver Plain is the major geologic feature in the \nbasin and is delineated mostly by Quaternary and \nTertiary basalt flows. It is about 55 to 62 miles \nwide and 320 miles long and bisects the basin in a \nnortheast-southwest direction.\nThe Snake River is the dominant surface-water \nfeature and flows about 453 miles from the \nsouthern border of Yellowstone National Park in \nWyoming to King Hill, Idaho, where it leaves the \nbasin. The Snake River flows through five reservoirs that provide a total storage capacity of more \nthan 4 million acre-feet. Gravity-flow diversions\nare predominant in the upper part of the basin and \ntotaled 8.8 million.acre-feet in 1980. Pumped \ndiversions occur mainly in the lower part of the \nbasin and totaled 408,500 acre-feet in 1980.\nThe Snake River Plain aquifer is the predominant ground-water feature in the upper Snake \nRiver Basin and underlies the eastern Snake River \nPlain. The upper 500 feet of the aquifer may store \n200 to 300 million acre-feet of water. Ground-water resources that supply agricultural lands are \nsustained by recharge from surface-water irrigation, precipitation, and tributary inflow. Major \nground-water discharges are at springs and seeps \nor from ground-water pumpage for irrigation.\nWater use in the basin is dominated by irrigated agriculture, which is the largest consumptive \nwater use in the basin. Major crops in the basin \ninclude potatoes, wheat, sugar beets, hay, and \nbarley. Most irrigation needs are supplied from \nsurface-water sources through a series of canals \nand laterals. In 1990, about 2.5 million acres were \nirrigated with more than 14.2 million acre-feet of \nsurface and ground water. About 21 percent of the \nbasin is agricultural land and 50 percent is \nrangeland.\nIdaho leads the Nation in trout production \nfor commercial sale. Combined mean annual \ndischarges from 12 aquacultural facilities in the \nbasin (1985-90) were about 787,000 acre-feet. \nThese facilities are clustered in a reach of the \nSnake River between Milner Dam and King Hill \nwhere ground-water discharge is from many seeps \nand springs that provide sufficient quantities of \ngood-quality water. Other facilities that release \neffluent to the Snake River include 13 municipal \nwastewater treatment plants and 3 industrial facilities.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944221","usgsCitation":"Maupin, M.A., 1995, Water-quality assessment of the upper Snake River Basin, Idaho and western Wyoming — Environmental setting, 1980-92: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4221, iv, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944221.","productDescription":"iv, 35 p.","numberOfPages":"39","temporalStart":"1980-01-01","temporalEnd":"1992-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":393017,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48088.htm"},{"id":57437,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4221/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158959,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4221/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"upper Snake River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -115.3167,\n              41.4833\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.9167,\n              41.4833\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.9167,\n              44.6667\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.3167,\n              44.6667\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.3167,\n              41.4833\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ae32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maupin, Molly A. 0000-0002-2695-5505 mamaupin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2695-5505","contributorId":951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maupin","given":"Molly","email":"mamaupin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":200119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":24417,"text":"ofr95528 - 1995 - Active-, inactive-, and abandoned-mine information and selected geochemical data for the State of New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:14","indexId":"ofr95528","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-528","title":"Active-, inactive-, and abandoned-mine information and selected geochemical data for the State of New Mexico","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr95528","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Ryder, J.L., 1995, Active-, inactive-, and abandoned-mine information and selected geochemical data for the State of New Mexico (Diskette version.): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-528, 1 computer disk ;3 1/2 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95528.","productDescription":"1 computer disk ;3 1/2 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157103,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1761,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/ofr-95-0528/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Diskette version.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a3346","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryder, Jean L.","contributorId":80709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":24413,"text":"ofr95578 - 1995 - Active-, inactive-, and abandoned-mine information and selected geochemical data for the State of Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:14","indexId":"ofr95578","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-578","title":"Active-, inactive-, and abandoned-mine information and selected geochemical data for the State of Arizona","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr95578","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Ryder, J.L., 1995, Active-, inactive-, and abandoned-mine information and selected geochemical data for the State of Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-578, 1 computer disk ;3 1/2 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95578.","productDescription":"1 computer disk ;3 1/2 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157090,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1757,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/ofr-95-0578/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a3479","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryder, Jean L.","contributorId":80709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":21521,"text":"ofr95330 - 1995 - Elevation contours of the bedrock surface, North Platte 1- by 2-degree Quadrangle, Nebraska, digitized from a published 1:250,000-scale geologic map","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:49","indexId":"ofr95330","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-330","title":"Elevation contours of the bedrock surface, North Platte 1- by 2-degree Quadrangle, Nebraska, digitized from a published 1:250,000-scale geologic map","docAbstract":"A geologic map showing the configuration of the bedrock surface for the North Platte, Nebraska, 1- by 2-degree quadrangle was published at a scale of 1:250,000 in 1991. This report describes the conversion of the bedrock-surface elevation map into a digital geographic data set and includes those data at a nominal scale of 1:500,000. A film separation of the published elevation contours was scanned to produce a file of digital graphics data. The digital graphics data were processed further to produce a digital geographic data set. Geographic feature attributes and data-set documentation also are included in the digital data set. The digital geographic data are formatted for distribution in accordance with the Spatial Data Transfer Standard approved by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr95330","usgsCitation":"Zelt, R.B., 1995, Elevation contours of the bedrock surface, North Platte 1- by 2-degree Quadrangle, Nebraska, digitized from a published 1:250,000-scale geologic map: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-330, 1 computer disk ;3 1/2 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95330.","productDescription":"1 computer disk ;3 1/2 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153655,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605e17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zelt, Ronald B. 0000-0001-9024-855X rbzelt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9024-855X","contributorId":300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zelt","given":"Ronald","email":"rbzelt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":184585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":20263,"text":"ofr95271 - 1995 - Volcanic activity in Alaska: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-19T22:43:04.965429","indexId":"ofr95271","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-271","title":"Volcanic activity in Alaska: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory 1994","docAbstract":"During 1994, the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) responded to eruptions, possible eruptions, or false alarms at nine volcanic centers-- Mount Sanford, Iliamna, the Katmai group, Kupreanof, Mount Veniaminof, Shishaldin, Makushin, Mount Cleveland and Kanaga (table 1). Of these volcanoes, AVO has a real time, continuously recording seismic network only at Iliamna, which is located in the Cook Inlet area of south-central Alaska (fig. 1). AVO has dial-up access to seismic data from a 5-station network in the general region of the Katmai group of volcanoes. The remaining unmonitored volcanoes are located in sparsely populated areas of the Wrangell Mountains, the Alaska Peninsula, and the Aleutian Islands (fig. 1). For these volcanoes, the AVO monitoring program relies chiefly on receipt of pilot reports, observations of local residents and analysis of satellite imagery.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr95271","usgsCitation":"Neal, C., Doukas, M.P., and McGimsey, R.G., 1995, Volcanic activity in Alaska: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-271, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95271.","productDescription":"19 p.","numberOfPages":"20","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284038,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr95271.GIF"},{"id":284037,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0271/body.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":1127,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0271/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":49800,"rank":5,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0271/pdf/1994_Summary.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":394117,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_49801.htm","text":"Mount Veniaminof","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":465362,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_49804.htm","text":"Chuginadak Island","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":465363,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_49810.htm","text":"Kanaga Volcano","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -141.15158912163244,\n              59.97853838668192\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.16674190398595,\n              62.37930471682131\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.1706788858108,\n              63.00478514421377\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.16419783263945,\n              58.09232262251018\n            ],\n            [\n              -170.4433675902025,\n              53.03685355203123\n            ],\n            [\n              -177,\n              52.36236027603914\n            ],\n            [\n              -176.9587607190757,\n              51.506611379633085\n            ],\n            [\n              -172.4551340811856,\n              52.06526246512395\n            ],\n            [\n              -168.07176947086887,\n              52.95083680631177\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.73012465299416,\n              55.909929480643\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.3516847469358,\n              58.91270641538574\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.15158912163244,\n              59.97853838668192\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4916e4b0b290850eee02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neal, Christina A. 0000-0002-7697-7825","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7697-7825","contributorId":82660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"Christina A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doukas, Michael P. mdoukas@usgs.gov","contributorId":2686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doukas","given":"Michael","email":"mdoukas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":182347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGimsey, Robert G. 0000-0001-5379-7779 mcgimsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5379-7779","contributorId":2352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGimsey","given":"Robert","email":"mcgimsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":182346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":25766,"text":"wri944131 - 1995 - Simulated ground-water flow and sources of water in the Killbuck Creek Valley near Wooster, Wayne County, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:13","indexId":"wri944131","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4131","title":"Simulated ground-water flow and sources of water in the Killbuck Creek Valley near Wooster, Wayne County, Ohio","docAbstract":"The stratified-drift aquifer in the 3,000-ft (feet)-wide and 100-ft-deep buried valley of Killbuck Creek near Wooster in northeastern Ohio was studied. The stratified drift with adjacent sandstone and shale bedrock produce a system of ground-water flow representative of the western part of the glaciated north-eastern United States. The stratified-drift aquifer is an excellent source of water for municipal and industrial wells. The aquifer is recharged locally by water from precipitation on the valley floor and uplands, by infiltration from streams, and by lateral flow to the valley from the uplands. As a result, the aquifer is vulnerable to surface or subsurface spills of contaminants in the valley or the adjacent uplands. Quality of water in the stratified drift is affected by influx of water from bedrock lateral to or beneath the valley. This influx is controlled, in part, by the pumping stress placed on the stratified-drift aquifer.\r\n\r\nHydrogeologic and aqueous-geochemical data were analyzed to establish the framework necessary for stead-state and transient simulations of ground-water flow in stratified drift and bedrock with a three-layer ground-water-flow model. A new model routine, the Variable-Recharge procedure, was developed to simulate areal recharge and the contribution of the uplands to the drift system. This procedure allows for water applied to land surface to infiltrate or to be rejected. Rejected recharge and ground water discharged when the water table is at land surface form surface runoff-this excess upland water can be redirected as runoff to other parts of the model.\r\n\r\nInfiltration of streamwater, areal recharge to uplands and valley, and lateral subsurface flow from the uplands to the valley are sources of water to the stratufued0druft aquifer. Water is removed from the stratified-drift aquifer at Wooster primarily by production wells pumping at a rate of approximately 8.5 ft3/s (cubic feet per second). The ground-water budget resulting from two types of simulations of ground-water flow in this study indicates the primary sources of water to the wells are recharge at or near land surface and lateral subsurface flow from the shale and sandstone bedrock. Components of recharge at land surface include induced infiltration from streams, precipitation on the valley floor, and infiltration of unchanneled upland runoff that reaches the valley floor.\r\n\r\nThe steady-state simulation was designed to represent conditions during the fall of 1984. The transient simulation was designed to represent an 11-day snowmelt event, 23 February to 5 March 1985, that caused water levels to rise significantly throughout the valley. Areal recharge to the valley and flow from the uplands to the valley were determined through the Variable-Recharge procedure. The total steady-state recharge to the valley was 12.5 ft3/s. Upland sources, areal valley recharge, and induced infiltration from Killnuck Creek accounted for 63, 23, and 8 percent, respectively, of the valley recharge.\r\n\r\nAn analysis of the simulated vertical flow to the buried stratified drift through surficial slit, clay, and fine sand indicates that about 75 percent of the total recharge to the buried deposits is the sum of areally extensive, relatively small flows less than about 0.01 ft? /s per model node), whereas about 25 percent of the recharge results from a really restricted, relatively large flows (greater than about 0.01 ft? /s per model node). The large-magnitude flows are located primarily beneath Clear and Little Killbuck Creeks where seepage provides abundant recharge and the surficial sediments grade into coarser alluvial-fan deposits.\r\n\r\nChemical and isotopic studies of ground water and streamwater combined with measurements of stream infiltration provide independent support for the conclusions derived from computer simulation of ground-water flow. In addition, the chemical and isotopic studies helped quantity the rate and pathways of infiltrating water from ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944131","usgsCitation":"Breen, K.J., Kontis, A., Rowe, G., and Haefner, R., 1995, Simulated ground-water flow and sources of water in the Killbuck Creek Valley near Wooster, Wayne County, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4131, vi, 104 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944131.","productDescription":"vi, 104 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157014,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4131/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54522,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4131/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f332a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breen, K. J.","contributorId":44176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breen","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kontis, A.L.","contributorId":69542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kontis","given":"A.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rowe, G.L.","contributorId":23978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"G.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haefner, R.J.","contributorId":72393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haefner","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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