In 1986, the U.S. Geological Survey and the Indianapolis Department of Public Works began a study to evaluate the effects of combined-sewer overflows and urban runoff discharging to Fall Geek on the White River. This report describes the effects of combined-sewer overflows and urban runoff on the water quality of Fall Creek during summer 1987 by comparing the water quality during base flow with that during storm runoff and by comparing water quality in the urbanized area with that in the less urbanized area upstream from the combined-sewer overflows. Data were collected at three streamflow-gaging stations located upstream from, downstream from, and in the middle of 27 combined-sewer overflows on Fall Creek. The most downstream station also was immediately downstream from the discharge of filter backwash from a water-treatment plant for public supply.
\nSpecific conductance and concentrations of major ions and dissolved solids in base flow increased downstream in response to surface-water withdrawn for public supply, ground-water inflow, and the discharge of filter backwash. Concentrations of dissolved oxygen were least in the reach of Fall Creek in the middle of the combined- sewer overflows where black sludge deposits covered the stream bottom. Concentrations of nitrate plus nitrite and ammonia steadily increased downstream, whereas concentrations of organic nitrogen, phosphorus, and orthophosphate only increased at the most downstream station. Nearly all concentrations of chromium, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc at the upstream and middle stations were less than the detection limit of 10 micrograms per liter. Detectable concentrations of these metals and high concentrations of suspended solids in base-flow samples at the most downstream station were caused by the discharges from the water-treatment plant.
\nConcentrations of dissolved oxygen measured at the station in the middle of the combined-sewer overflows were less than the Indiana minimum ambient water-quality standard of 4.0 milligrams per liter during all storms. Concentrations of ammonia, oxygen demand, copper, lead, zinc, and fecal coliform bacteria at the stations downstream from the combined-sewer overflows were much higher in storm runoff than in base flow. Increased concentrations of oxygen demand in runoff probably were caused by combined-sewer overflows, urban runoff, and the resuspension of organic material deposited on the streambed. Some of the increased concentrations of lead, zinc, and probably copper can be attributed to the discharge and resuspension of filter backwash
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/wri944066","collaboration":"Indianapolis Department of Public Works","usgsCitation":"Martin, J., 1995, Effects of combined-sewer overflows and urban runoff on the water quality of Fall Creek, Indianapolis, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4066, vi, 92 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944066.","productDescription":"vi, 92 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","startPage":"1","endPage":"92","numberOfPages":"98","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122875,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4066/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57414,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4066/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.2265396118164,\n 39.742306320384046\n ],\n [\n -86.2265396118164,\n 39.89946489938474\n ],\n [\n -85.9518814086914,\n 39.89946489938474\n ],\n [\n -85.9518814086914,\n 39.742306320384046\n ],\n [\n -86.2265396118164,\n 39.742306320384046\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db684562","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, Jeffrey D.","contributorId":40609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Jeffrey D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27460,"text":"wri944227 - 1995 - Water-quality assessment of the Kentucky River basin, Kentucky: Nutrients, sediments, and pesticides in streams, 1987-90","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-13T21:35:39.270042","indexId":"wri944227","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4227","title":"Water-quality assessment of the Kentucky River basin, Kentucky: Nutrients, sediments, and pesticides in streams, 1987-90","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey investigated the water quality of the Kentucky River Basin in Kentucky as part of the National Water Quality Assessment program. Data collected during 1987-90 were used to describe the spatial and temporal variability of nutrients, suspended sediment, and pesticides in streams. Concentrations of phosphorus were signifi- cantly correlated with urban and agricultural land use. The high phosphorus content of Bluegrass Region soils was an important source of phosphorus in streams. At many sites in urban areas, all of the stream nitrogen load was attributable to wastewater- treatment-plant effluent. Tributary streams affected by agricultural sources of nutrients contained higher densities of phytoplankton than streams that drained forested areas. Data indicate that a consid- erable percentage of total nitrogen was transported as algal biomass during periods of low discharge. Average suspended-sediment concentrations for the study period were positively correlated with dis- charge. There was a downward trend in suspended- sediment concentrations downstream in the Kentucky River main stem during the study. Although a large amount of suspended sediment originates in the Eastern Coal Field Region, contributions of suspended sediment from the Red River and other tributary streams of the Knobs Region also are important. The most frequently detected herbicides in water samples were atrazine, 2,4-D, alachlor, metolachlor, and dicamba. Diazinon, malathion, and parathion were the most frequently detected organo- phosphate insecticides in water samples. Detectable concentrations of aldrin, chlordane, DDT, DDE, dieldrin, endrin, endosulfan, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, and lindane were found in streambed- sediment samples.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944227","usgsCitation":"Haag, K.H., and Porter, S.D., 1995, Water-quality assessment of the Kentucky River basin, Kentucky: Nutrients, sediments, and pesticides in streams, 1987-90: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4227, ix, 135 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944227.","productDescription":"ix, 135 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":410402,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48094.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":56319,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4227/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157954,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4227/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","otherGeospatial":"Kentucky River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.1667,\n 38.3\n ],\n [\n -85.1667,\n 36.9\n ],\n [\n -82.65,\n 36.9\n ],\n [\n -82.65,\n 38.3\n ],\n [\n -85.1667,\n 38.3\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67adeb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haag, K. H.","contributorId":67925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haag","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Porter, S. D.","contributorId":8882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30303,"text":"wri944194 - 1995 - Water quality of storm runoff and comparison of procedures for estimating storm-runoff loads, volume, event-mean concentrations, and the mean load for a storm for selected properties and constituents for Colorado Springs, southeastern Colorado, 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-23T22:10:06.419017","indexId":"wri944194","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4194","title":"Water quality of storm runoff and comparison of procedures for estimating storm-runoff loads, volume, event-mean concentrations, and the mean load for a storm for selected properties and constituents for Colorado Springs, southeastern Colorado, 1992","docAbstract":"The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency requires that municipalities that have a population of 100,000 or greater obtain National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permits to characterize the quality of their storm runoff. In 1992, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Colorado Springs City Engineering Division, began a study to characterize the water quality of storm runoff and to evaluate procedures for the estimation of storm-runoff loads, volume and event-mean concentrations for selected properties and constituents. Precipitation, streamflow, and water-quality data were collected during 1992 at five sites in Colorado Springs. Thirty-five samples were collected, seven at each of the five sites. At each site, three samples were collected for permitting purposes; two of the samples were collected during rainfall runoff, and one sample was collected during snowmelt runoff. Four additional samples were collected at each site to obtain a large enough sample size to estimate storm-runoff loads, volume, and event-mean concentrations for selected properties and constituents using linear-regression procedures developed using data from the Nationwide Urban Runoff Program (NURP). Storm-water samples were analyzed for as many as 186 properties and constituents. The constituents measured include total-recoverable metals, vola-tile-organic compounds, acid-base/neutral organic compounds, and pesticides. Storm runoff sampled had large concentrations of chemical oxygen demand and 5-day biochemical oxygen demand. Chemical oxygen demand ranged from 100 to 830 milligrams per liter, and 5.-day biochemical oxygen demand ranged from 14 to 260 milligrams per liter. Total-organic carbon concentrations ranged from 18 to 240 milligrams per liter. The total-recoverable metals lead and zinc had the largest concentrations of the total-recoverable metals analyzed. Concentrations of lead ranged from 23 to 350 micrograms per liter, and concentrations of zinc ranged from 110 to 1,400 micrograms per liter. The data for 30 storms representing rainfall runoff from 5 drainage basins were used to develop single-storm local-regression models. The response variables, storm-runoff loads, volume, and event-mean concentrations were modeled using explanatory variables for climatic, physical, and land-use characteristics. The r2 for models that use ordinary least-squares regression ranged from 0.57 to 0.86 for storm-runoff loads and volume and from 0.25 to 0.63 for storm-runoff event-mean concentrations. Except for cadmium, standard errors of estimate ranged from 43 to 115 percent for storm- runoff loads and volume and from 35 to 66 percent for storm-runoff event-mean concentrations. Eleven of the 30 concentrations collected during rainfall runoff for total-recoverable cadmium were censored (less than) concentrations. Ordinary least-squares regression should not be used with censored data; however, censored data can be included with uncensored data using tobit regression. Standard errors of estimate for storm-runoff load and event-mean concentration for total-recoverable cadmium, computed using tobit regression, are 247 and 171 percent. Estimates from single-storm regional-regression models, developed from the Nationwide Urban Runoff Program data base, were compared with observed storm-runoff loads, volume, and event-mean concentrations determined from samples collected in the study area. Single-storm regional-regression models tended to overestimate storm-runoff loads, volume, and event-mean con-centrations. Therefore, single-storm local- and regional-regression models were combined using model-adjustment procedures to take advantage of the strengths of both models while minimizing the deficiencies of each model. Procedures were used to develop single-stormregression equations that were adjusted using local data and estimates from single-storm regional-regression equations. Single-storm regression models developed using model- adjustment proce","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944194","usgsCitation":"Von Guerard, P., and Weiss, W.B., 1995, Water quality of storm runoff and comparison of procedures for estimating storm-runoff loads, volume, event-mean concentrations, and the mean load for a storm for selected properties and constituents for Colorado Springs, southeastern Colorado, 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4194, iv, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944194.","productDescription":"iv, 68 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":409620,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48067.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":59095,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4194/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159776,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4194/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Colorado Springs","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.69843282718571,\n 38.88682699005443\n ],\n [\n -104.93694788093742,\n 38.88682699005443\n ],\n [\n -104.93694788093742,\n 38.73893775339917\n ],\n [\n -104.69843282718571,\n 38.73893775339917\n ],\n [\n -104.69843282718571,\n 38.88682699005443\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ae7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Von Guerard, Paul","contributorId":40620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Von Guerard","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weiss, W. B.","contributorId":57506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiss","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29029,"text":"wri944212 - 1995 - Hydrogeology, ground-water quality, and source of ground water causing water-quality changes in the Davis well field at Memphis, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-03T09:59:08","indexId":"wri944212","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4212","title":"Hydrogeology, ground-water quality, and source of ground water causing water-quality changes in the Davis well field at Memphis, Tennessee","docAbstract":"An investigation was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey from 1992 to 1994 to collect and interpret hydrogeologic and water-quality data to determine the source of ground water causing water-quality changes in water from wells screened in the Memphis aquifer in the Davis well field at Memphis, Tennessee. Water-quality changes in aquifers used for water supply are of concern because these changes can indicate a potential for contamination of the aquifers by downward leakage from near-surface sources.
\nThe water-quality changes at the Davis well field were detected by Memphis Light, Gas and Water Division, which has periodically sampled and analyzed water from many of the 14 production wells since the well field began operation in 1971. Memphis Light, Gas and Water Division analyzed the water samples primarily for hardness, alkalinity, chloride, ulfate, and iron. Results of the e analy es and results of more recent (1992) analyse of water samples by the U.S. Geological Survey indicate that the quality of water from eight of the production wells has changed since the well field began operation. For example, from 1972 to 1991, hardness of water from one well has increased from 90 to 292 milligrams per liter (224 percent).
\nThe confining unit, which separates the fluvial deposits aquifer from the Memphis aquifer in the area of the well field, is relatively thick and contains many clay layers. However, a test hole drilled for one of five shallow wells installed in the alluvial aquifer in the Mississippi Alluvial Plain just west of the well field indicated that the confining unit separating the alluvial aquifer from the Memphis aquifer locally is absent. Differences in hydrauLic head between the alluvial and fluvial deposits aquifers and the Memphis aquifer favor downward leakage of ground water. Thus, the absence of the confining unit beneath the Mississippi Alluvial Plain just west of the well field provides a direct pathway for water in the alluvial aquifer to enter the Memphis aquifer.
\nComparison of selected water-quality properties and major inorganic and trace element constituent concentrations in samples from the alluvial, fluvial deposits, and Memphis aquifers indicates that the source of ground water causing waterquality changes at the Davis well field is the alluvial aquifer west of the well field . The presence of tritium and chlorofluorocarbons in water from wells screened in the Memphis aquifer in the western part of the well field indicates that relatively young (post-1940) water from the alluvial aquifer has entered the Memphis aquifer.
\nNETPATH geochemical model code was used to mix waters from the alluvial aquifer with water from the Memphis aquifer using chloride as a conservative tracer. The resulting models indicated that a mixture containing 3 percent alluvial aquifer water mixed with 97 percent unaffected Memphis aquifer water would produce the chloride concentration measured in water from the Memphis aquifer well most affected by water-quality changes. NETPATH also was used to calculate mixing percentages of alluvial and Memphis aquifer Abstract waters based on changes in the concentrations of selected dissolved major inorganic and trace element constituents that define the dominant reactions that occur during mixing. These models indicated that a mixture containing 18 percent alluvial aquifer water and 82 percent unaffected Memphis aquifer water would produce the major constituent and trace element concentrations measured in water from the Memphis aquifer well most affected by water-quality changes. However, these model simulations predicted higher dissolved methane concentrations than were measured in water samples from the Memphis aquifer wells.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Memphis, TN","doi":"10.3133/wri944212","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Memphis, Memphis Light, Gas, and Water Division, and the University of Memphis","usgsCitation":"Parks, W., Mirecki, J.E., and Kingsbury, J.A., 1995, Hydrogeology, ground-water quality, and source of ground water causing water-quality changes in the Davis well field at Memphis, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4212, v, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944212.","productDescription":"v, 58 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":316464,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4212/report.pdf"},{"id":158882,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4212/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","county":"Shelby County","city":"Memphis","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.1603317260742,\n 34.99597251289618\n ],\n [\n -90.1603317260742,\n 35.036743220175275\n ],\n [\n -90.08857727050781,\n 35.036743220175275\n ],\n [\n -90.08857727050781,\n 34.99597251289618\n ],\n [\n -90.1603317260742,\n 34.99597251289618\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db6842e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parks, William S.","contributorId":25304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parks","given":"William S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mirecki, June E.","contributorId":93577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mirecki","given":"June","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kingsbury, James A. 0000-0003-4985-275X jakingsb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4985-275X","contributorId":883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kingsbury","given":"James","email":"jakingsb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":200820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":27936,"text":"wri944187 - 1995 - Surface-water-quality assessment of the lower Kansas River Basin, Kansas and Nebraska: Suspended-sediment conditions, May 1987 through April 1990, and trends, 1963 through April 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-22T22:27:35.330207","indexId":"wri944187","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4187","title":"Surface-water-quality assessment of the lower Kansas River Basin, Kansas and Nebraska: Suspended-sediment conditions, May 1987 through April 1990, and trends, 1963 through April 1990","docAbstract":"Median suspended-sediment concentrations ranged from 100 to 110 milligrams per liter for 3 stations on the Kansas River and from 4 to 110 milligrams per liter for 10 stations on tributary streams during May 1987 through April 1990. For tributary stream stations upstream from large reservoirs, concen- trations in the 90th percentile ranged from 240 to 3,200 milligrams per liter. The larger median and 90th-percentile concentrations were associated with high-density irrigated cropland with gradual slopes and nonirrigated cropland with steeper slopes. Smaller median and 90th-percentile concentrations upstream from reservoirs were from areas of little or no row-crop cultivation or areas of substantially less-than-normal precipitation and streamflow. Suspended-sediment concentrations followed a con- sistent seasonal pattern; after accounting for the effect of flow, concentrations were typically smallest during January-February and largest during July-August. Mean annual suspended-sediment transport in the Kansas River from May 1987 through April 1990 increased in the downstream direction from 1,700,000 to 4,100,000 tons per year. Suspended-sediment yields for tributary streams ranged from 17 to 260 tons per square mile per year. Because of abnormal climatic conditions and other factors, no conclusions could be reached con- cerning relations of suspended-sediment transport or yield to natural or human factors. Only one upward and one downward trend in flow-adjusted, suspended-sediment concentrations were statistically significant. The trend-test results could not be explained by data on cropland removed from production or the effect of detention structures.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944187","usgsCitation":"Jordan, P.R., 1995, Surface-water-quality assessment of the lower Kansas River Basin, Kansas and Nebraska: Suspended-sediment conditions, May 1987 through April 1990, and trends, 1963 through April 1990: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4187, iv, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944187.","productDescription":"iv, 36 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":396295,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48062.htm"},{"id":56750,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4187/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159012,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4187/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas, Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"lower Kansas River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99,\n 38.6667\n ],\n [\n -94.5806,\n 38.6667\n ],\n [\n -94.5806,\n 41.5\n ],\n [\n -99,\n 41.5\n ],\n [\n -99,\n 38.6667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a4c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jordan, Paul Robert","contributorId":57819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":66161,"text":"i2362 - 1995 - Geologic map and structure sections of the Clear Lake Volcanics, Northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-13T17:16:49","indexId":"i2362","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2362","subseriesTitle":"NONE","title":"Geologic map and structure sections of the Clear Lake Volcanics, Northern California","docAbstract":"The Clear Lake Volcanics are located in the California Coast Ranges about 150 km north of San Francisco. This Quaternary volcanic field has erupted intermittently since 2.1 million years ago. This volcanic field is considered a high-threat volcanic system (Ewert and others, 2005) The adjacent Geysers geothermal field, largest power-producing geothermal field in the world, is powered by the magmatic heat source for the volcanic field. This report consists of three sheets that include the geologic map, one table, two figures, three cross sections, description of map units, charts of standard and diagrammatic correlation of map units, and references. This map supersedes U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-751. Descriptions of map units are grouped by geographic area. Summaries of the evolution, chemistry, structure, and tectonic setting of the Clear Lake Volcanics are given in Hearn and others (1981) and Donnelly-Nolan and others (1981). The geology of parts of the area underlain by the Cache Formation is based on mapping by Rymer (1981); the geology of parts of the areas underlain by the Sonoma Volcanics, Franciscan assemblage, and Great Valley sequence is based on mapping by McLaughlin (1978). Volcanic compositional map units are basalt, basaltic andesite, andesite, dacite, rhyodacite, and rhyolite, based on SiO2 content. Included in this report are maps showing the distribution of volcanic rocks through time and a chart showing erupted volumes of different lava types through time. A table gives petrographic data for each map unit by mineral type, abundance, and size. Most ages are potassium-argon (K/Ar) ages determined for whole-rock samples and mineral separates by Donnelly-Nolan and others (1981), unless otherwise noted. A few ages are carbon-14 ages or were estimated from geologic relationships. Magnetic polarities are from Mankinen and others (1978; 1981) or were determined in the field by B.C. Hearn, Jr., using a portable fluxgate magnetometer. Thickness for most units is estimated from topographic relief except where drill-hole data were available.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i2362","usgsCitation":"Hearn, B.C., Donnelly-Nolan, J., and Goff, F., 1995, Geologic map and structure sections of the Clear Lake Volcanics, Northern California: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2362, 1 map on 2 sheets :col. ;181 x 135 cm., sheets 105 x 142 cm. and 105 x 147 cm. +1 data sheet (105 x 142 cm.), folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/i2362.","productDescription":"1 map on 2 sheets :col. ;181 x 135 cm., sheets 105 x 142 cm. and 105 x 147 cm. +1 data sheet (105 x 142 cm.), folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":188232,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":107392,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2362/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"10247"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"Clear Lake Volcanics","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.91666666666667,38.700833333333335 ], [ -122.91666666666667,39.083333333333336 ], [ -122.5,39.083333333333336 ], [ -122.5,38.700833333333335 ], [ -122.91666666666667,38.700833333333335 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671fcb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hearn, B. C. Jr.","contributorId":37709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hearn","given":"B.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":274077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donnelly-Nolan, J.M.","contributorId":104936,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donnelly-Nolan","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":274078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goff, F.E.","contributorId":26808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goff","given":"F.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":274076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":38218,"text":"pp1538Q - 1995 - Structure of the Reelfoot-Rough Creek rift system, Fluorspar area fault complex, and Hicks Dome, southern Illinois and western Kentucky; new constraints from regional seismic reflection data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:02","indexId":"pp1538Q","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1538","chapter":"Q","title":"Structure of the Reelfoot-Rough Creek rift system, Fluorspar area fault complex, and Hicks Dome, southern Illinois and western Kentucky; new constraints from regional seismic reflection data","docAbstract":"In the winter of 1811-12, three of the largest historic earthquakes in the United States occurred near New Madrid, Mo. Seismicity continues to the present day throughout a tightly clustered pattern of epicenters centered on the bootheel of Missouri, including parts of northeastern Arkansas, northwestern Tennessee, western Kentucky, and southern Illinois. In 1990, the New Madrid seismic zone/Central United States became the first seismically active region east of the Rocky Mountains to be designated a priority research area within the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP). This Professional Paper is a collection of papers, some published separately, presenting results of the newly intensified research program in this area. Major components of this research program include tectonic framework studies, seismicity and deformation monitoring and modeling, improved seismic hazard and risk assessments, and cooperative hazard mitigation studies.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/pp1538Q","usgsCitation":"Potter, C., Goldhaber, M., Heigold, P., and Drahovzal, J.A., 1995, Structure of the Reelfoot-Rough Creek rift system, Fluorspar area fault complex, and Hicks Dome, southern Illinois and western Kentucky; new constraints from regional seismic reflection data: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1538, p. Q1-Q19; 1 plate in pocket *Missing pages 16 and 17*, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1538Q.","productDescription":"p. Q1-Q19; 1 plate in pocket *Missing pages 16 and 17*","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123797,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1538q/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":64545,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1538q/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64546,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1538q/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a331","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Potter, C. J. 0000-0002-2300-6670","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2300-6670","contributorId":89925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potter","given":"C. J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":219359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldhaber, M. B. 0000-0002-1785-4243","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-4243","contributorId":103280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldhaber","given":"M. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heigold, P.C.","contributorId":26734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heigold","given":"P.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Drahovzal, James A.","contributorId":74772,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drahovzal","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":33217,"text":"b2129 - 1995 - Gazetteer of planetary nomenclature 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T11:44:05","indexId":"b2129","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2129","title":"Gazetteer of planetary nomenclature 1994","docAbstract":"Planetary nomenclature, like terrestrial nomenclature, is used to uniquely identify a feature on the surface of a planet or satellite so that the feature can be easily located, described, and discussed. This volume contains detailed information about all names of topographic and albedo features on planets and satellites (and some planetary ring and ring-gap systems) that the International Astronomical Union has named and approved from its founding in 1919 through its triennial meeting in 1994.
This edition of the Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature supersedes an earlier informal volume distributed by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1986 as Open-File Report 84-692 (Masursky and others, 1986). Named features are depicted on maps of the Moon published first by the U.S. Defense Mapping Agency or the Aeronautical Chart and Information Center and more recently by the U.S. Geological Survey; on maps of Mercury, Venus, Mars, and the satellites of Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus published by the U.S. Geological Survey; and on maps of the Moon, Venus, and Mars produced by the U.S.S.R.
Although we have attempted to check the accuracy of all data in this volume, we realize that some errors will remain in a work of this size. Readers noting errors or omissions are urged to communicate them to the U.S. Geological Survey, Branch of Astrogeology, Rm. 409, 2255 N. Gemini Drive, Flagstaff, AZ 86001.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/b2129","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the International Astronomical Union - Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature ","usgsCitation":"1995, Gazetteer of planetary nomenclature 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2129, 295 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2129.","productDescription":"295 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":61000,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2129/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":163667,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2129/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b1154","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Batson, Raymond M.","contributorId":13989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batson","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726156,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Russell, Joel F.","contributorId":80331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726157,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44730,"text":"wri944099 - 1995 - Ground-water levels in and pumpage from the alluvial aquifer at Louisville, Kentucky, May 1989-May 1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:59","indexId":"wri944099","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4099","title":"Ground-water levels in and pumpage from the alluvial aquifer at Louisville, Kentucky, May 1989-May 1991","docAbstract":"Water-level data have been collected in the alluvial aquifer at Louisville, Ky., by the U.S. Geological Survey since 1943. Interpretations of these data are published periodically to update the record and help local officials manage this ground-water supply. Maps and hydrographs are presented on two sheets to aid in the interpretation of water-level changes for the period May 1989-May 1991. The altitude of the water table in the alluvial aquifer has increased as much as 5 feet in some areas during the 2-year period of May 1989-May 1991. Hydrographs for obser- vation wells throughout the alluvial aquifer show that water levels fluctuate seasonally and in response to wet and dry periods; overall, the water- level trend has been upward in recent years. Water levels in the downtown area are affected by the pumping of ground water to heat and cool several buildings in the area. Ground-water contour maps show induced infiltration of water from the Ohio River to the alluvial aquifer in downtown Louisville as a result of the ground-water pumping.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri944099","usgsCitation":"Unthank, M.D., 1995, Ground-water levels in and pumpage from the alluvial aquifer at Louisville, Kentucky, May 1989-May 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4099, 1 map on 2 sheets ; 31 x 22 cm. and 24 x 22 cm., sheets each 108 x 88 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944099.","productDescription":"1 map on 2 sheets ; 31 x 22 cm. and 24 x 22 cm., sheets each 108 x 88 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124041,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4099/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":82031,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4099/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db697fb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Unthank, Michael D. 0000-0003-2483-0431 munthank@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2483-0431","contributorId":3902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unthank","given":"Michael","email":"munthank@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31720,"text":"ofr95588 - 1995 - A basic ARC/INFO ARC macro language program for plotting 7.5-minute quadrangle maps displaying geologic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-28T16:26:54.660754","indexId":"ofr95588","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-588","title":"A basic ARC/INFO ARC macro language program for plotting 7.5-minute quadrangle maps displaying geologic data","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95588","usgsCitation":"Bryant, K., and Watson, W., 1995, A basic ARC/INFO ARC macro language program for plotting 7.5-minute quadrangle maps displaying geologic data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-588, Report: 2 p.; 1 Plate: 27.00 x 32.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95588.","productDescription":"Report: 2 p.; 1 Plate: 27.00 x 32.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":493025,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0588/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":19531,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0588/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":161283,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0588/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.5,\n 37.125\n ],\n [\n -83.5,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -83.375,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -83.375,\n 37.125\n ],\n [\n -83.5,\n 37.125\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4971e4b0b290850ef2c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bryant, Karen","contributorId":55844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryant","given":"Karen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watson, W.D.","contributorId":96730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":17873,"text":"ofr95194 - 1995 - Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in Montana, October 1993 through September 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:21","indexId":"ofr95194","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-194","title":"Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in Montana, October 1993 through September 1995","docAbstract":"Water-resources programs and activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in Montana consist principally of hydrologic-data collection and investigative studies that address water-resource issues. The work is supported by direct Federal funding, by transfer of funds from other Federal agencies, and by joint funding agreements with State or local agencies. The Montana District of the Geological Survey's Water Resources Division conducts its hydrologic work through a District Office in Helena and Field Headquarters in Helena, Billings, Kalispell, and Fort Peck. Thirty-two projects currently are being conducted. As outlined in this report, these projects are operated under the general categories of data-collection programs and investigative studies. This report describes the projects funded for fiscal years 1994 and 1995. The report also describes the operations of the Montana District, general hydrology of Montana, activities in addition to regular programs, and sources of publications and information. It also lists reports published or released during the preceding 5 years.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S.G.S. Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95194","usgsCitation":"Harksen, C.J., and Midtlyng, K.S., 1995, Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in Montana, October 1993 through September 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-194, iv, 71 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95194.","productDescription":"iv, 71 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149922,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0194/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47111,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0194/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9e80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harksen, C. J. (compiler)","contributorId":79908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harksen","given":"C.","suffix":"(compiler)","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Midtlyng, Karen S.","contributorId":10443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Midtlyng","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":18757,"text":"ofr95113 - 1995 - Geographic information system data sets of hydrogeologic conditions in Pequea and Mill Creek watersheds, Pennsylvania: Part I — Basic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-23T21:24:15.518297","indexId":"ofr95113","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-113","title":"Geographic information system data sets of hydrogeologic conditions in Pequea and Mill Creek watersheds, Pennsylvania: Part I — Basic data","docAbstract":"This report describes basic data used to develop Geographic Information System data sets of bedrock geology, sinkholes and closed depressions, and spring and well locations attributed with hydro- geologic and water-quality data in the Pequea and Mill Creek watersheds, a 210-square-mile area in Lancaster and Chester Counties, Pa. The data sets, which do not contain hydrogeologic interpretations, were developed by the use of ARC/INFO software during 1990-93 by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency proposes to use these noninter- pretive and interpretive data sets, and those from other sources, to aid in the assessment of ground- water vulnerability to pesticides in the Pequea and Mill Creek watersheds.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95113","usgsCitation":"Dugas, D.L., Char, S.J., and Baumbach, G.E., 1995, Geographic information system data sets of hydrogeologic conditions in Pequea and Mill Creek watersheds, Pennsylvania: Part I — Basic data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-113, iv, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95113.","productDescription":"iv, 8 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":409613,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18400.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":151244,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0113/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48117,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0113/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Pequea and Mill Creek watersheds","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.375,\n 40.125\n ],\n [\n -76.375,\n 39.875\n ],\n [\n -75.875,\n 39.875\n ],\n [\n -75.875,\n 40.125\n ],\n [\n -76.375,\n 40.125\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a9070","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dugas, Diana L.","contributorId":66744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugas","given":"Diana","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Char, Stephen J. sjchar@usgs.gov","contributorId":3982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Char","given":"Stephen","email":"sjchar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":179683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baumbach, Gary E.","contributorId":63673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baumbach","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":19558,"text":"ofr95278 - 1995 - Hydrologic data of two wetlands at Spring City, Tennessee, December 1991 through November 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:33","indexId":"ofr95278","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-278","title":"Hydrologic data of two wetlands at Spring City, Tennessee, December 1991 through November 1992","docAbstract":"Hydrologic data for two small adjacent wetlands at Spring City, Tennessee, were collected from December 1991 through November 1992. One of the wetlands was natural and the other was constructed to replace a wetland disturbed by the construction of a road embankment. Water levels were monitored in five 7-inch-diameter wells, approximately 5 feet deep. Water-level recorders on these wells provided continuous records of stage during periods of wetland inundation, and of water-table depths during periods when the wetlands were not inundated. Water levels also were measured periodically in 20 smaller diameter, shallow wells installed in the wetlands. A recording rain gage was installed in the constructed wetland, and a continuous stage recorder was installed on Town Creek, which forms the eastern border of the wetlands. Land surface at the wells was inundated from 0 to 75 percent of the study period, depending on the well. Additionally, water levels were not more than 1.5 feet below land surface for 57 to 85 percent of the time.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95278","usgsCitation":"Johnson, G.C., and Brede, L.M., 1995, Hydrologic data of two wetlands at Spring City, Tennessee, December 1991 through November 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-278, iv, 16 p. ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95278.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p. ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1092,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr_95-278","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":151446,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db60739f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Gregory C. 0000-0003-3683-5010 gcjohnso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3683-5010","contributorId":1420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Gregory","email":"gcjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":181118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brede, Lawrence M.","contributorId":97518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brede","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":18295,"text":"ofr94515 - 1995 - Well-construction, hydrogeologic, and ground-water-quality data in the vicinity of Belvidere, Boone County, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-18T07:36:20","indexId":"ofr94515","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-515","title":"Well-construction, hydrogeologic, and ground-water-quality data in the vicinity of Belvidere, Boone County, Illinois","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, is studying the hydrogeology and water quality of aquifers in the vicinity of Belvidere, Boone County, Ill. This report presents available well-construction, hydrogeologic, and ground-water-quality data compiled into a geographic information system (GIS) data base for this study. General instructions on manipulation and suggested applications of the GIS data base are included. Three plates show the location and type of wells and distribution of ground-water-quality data within the study area. The data are intended to aid investigators in present and possible future hydrogeologic studies in the vicinity of Belvidere.\nThe data base contains information for 725 water-supply and monitoring wells and lithologic borings. The sources of the data and methodology utilized to develop the data base are discussed. Well-construction and hydrogeologic data include well-identification label, latitude and longitude of the well locations, type of well, aquifer to which the well is open, total depth of the well, depth to water in the well, the screened or open interval, and owner information. Water-quality data are tabulated for concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds (VOC's) and semivolatile organic compounds, inorganic compounds, and total pesticide, and specific conductance. Data are provided on a floppy diskette accompanying the report.\n\nAbout 78 percent of the wells in the data base are water-supply wells, including eight municipal water-supply wells. About 40 percent of the wells are open to the glacial drift aquifer, and 53 percent are open to the Galena-Platteville aquifer. The remaining wells are open to multiple-bedrock aquifers. Of the 157 wells and borings with available water-quality data, 59 percent are open to the glacial drift aquifer, 24 percent are open to the Galena-Platteville aquifer, and 17 percent are open to multiple-bedrock aquifers. VOC's have been detected in six municipal and three domestic wells. Maximum contaminant levels of four VOC's have been exceeded periodically in four municipal wells.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;ESIC Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr94515","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Brown, T.A., and Mills, P., 1995, Well-construction, hydrogeologic, and ground-water-quality data in the vicinity of Belvidere, Boone County, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-515, iv, 33 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm. +1 computer disk (3 1/2 in.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94515.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm. +1 computer disk (3 1/2 in.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150967,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0515/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":21639,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0515/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21640,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0515/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21641,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0515/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":47647,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0515/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":277763,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0515/application.zip"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47bbe4b07f02db4a2f7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Timothy A.","contributorId":18016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mills, P.C. pcmills@usgs.gov","contributorId":3810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"P.C.","email":"pcmills@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":178866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185380,"text":"70185380 - 1995 - A Lagrangian stochastic model for aerial spray transport above an oak forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T10:46:11","indexId":"70185380","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":681,"text":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Lagrangian stochastic model for aerial spray transport above an oak forest","docAbstract":"An aerial spray droplets' transport model has been developed by applying recent advances in Lagrangian stochastic simulation of heavy particles. A two-dimensional Lagrangian stochastic model was adopted to simulate the spray droplet dispersion in atmospheric turbulence by adjusting the Lagrangian integral time scale along the drop trajectory. The other major physical processes affecting the transport of spray droplets above a forest canopy, the aircraft wingtip vortices and the droplet evaporation, were also included in each time step of the droplets' transport.
The model was evaluated using data from an aerial spray field experiment. In generally neutral stability conditions, the accuracy of the model predictions varied from run-to-run as expected. The average root-mean-square error was 24.61 IU cm−2, and the average relative error was 15%. The model prediction was adequate in two-dimensional steady wind conditions, but was less accurate in variable wind condition. The results indicated that the model can simulate successfully the ensemble; average transport of aerial spray droplets under neutral, steady atmospheric wind conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0168-1923(95)02221-I","usgsCitation":"Wang, Y., Miller, D.R., Anderson, D.E., and McManus, M.L., 1995, A Lagrangian stochastic model for aerial spray transport above an oak forest: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 76, no. 3-4, p. 277-291, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1923(95)02221-I.","productDescription":"15 p. ","startPage":"277","endPage":"291","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337943,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b92e4b0236b68f8290c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Yansen","contributorId":189613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Yansen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, David R.","contributorId":189614,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Dean E. deander@usgs.gov","contributorId":662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Dean","email":"deander@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":685391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McManus, Michael L.","contributorId":189612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McManus","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70185314,"text":"70185314 - 1995 - Estimating 14C groundwater ages in a methanogenic aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T09:05:19","indexId":"70185314","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Estimating 14C groundwater ages in a methanogenic aquifer","title":"Estimating 14C groundwater ages in a methanogenic aquifer","docAbstract":"This paper addresses the problem of 14C age dating of groundwaters in a confined regional aquifer affected by methanogenesis. Increasing CH4 concentrations along the groundwater flow system and 13C and 14C isotopic data for dissolved inorganic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, and CH4 clearly show the effect of methanogenesis on groundwater chemistry. Inverse reaction path modeling using NETPATH indicates the predominant geochemical reactions controlling the chemical evolution of groundwater in the aquifer are incongruent dissolution of dolomite, ion exchange, methanogenesis, and oxidation of sedimentary organic matter. Modeling of groundwater 14C ages using NETPATH indicates that a significant part of groundwater in the Alliston aquifer is less than 13,000 years old; however, older groundwater in the range of 15,000–23,000 years is also present in the aquifer. This paper demonstrates that 14C ages calculated using NETPATH, incorporating the effects of methanogenesis on the carbon pools, provide reasonable groundwater ages that were not possible by other isotopic methods.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/95WR01271","usgsCitation":"Aravena, R., Wassenaar, L.I., and Plummer, N., 1995, Estimating 14C groundwater ages in a methanogenic aquifer: Water Resources Research, v. 31, no. 9, p. 2307-2317, https://doi.org/10.1029/95WR01271.","productDescription":"11 p. ","startPage":"2307","endPage":"2317","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337855,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d0ea1ee4b0236b68f6739b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aravena, Ramon ","contributorId":189546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aravena","given":"Ramon ","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wassenaar, Leonard I","contributorId":150277,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wassenaar","given":"Leonard","email":"","middleInitial":"I","affiliations":[{"id":17954,"text":"International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":685138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185382,"text":"70185382 - 1995 - Gross-beta activity in ground water: natural sources and artifacts of sampling and laboratory analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-17T15:23:29.393021","indexId":"70185382","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gross-beta activity in ground water: natural sources and artifacts of sampling and laboratory analysis","docAbstract":"Gross-beta activity has been used as an indicator of beta-emitting isotopes in water since at least the early 1950s. Originally designed for detection of radioactive releases from nuclear facilities and weapons tests, analysis of gross-beta activity is widely used in studies of naturally occurring radioactivity in ground water. Analyses of about 800 samples from 5 ground-water regions of the United States provide a basis for evaluating the utility of this measurement. The data suggest that measured gross-beta activities are due to (1) long-lived radionuclides in ground water, and (2) ingrowth of beta-emitting radionuclides during holding times between collection of samples and laboratory measurements.
Although40K and228Ra appear to be the primary sources of beta activity in ground water, the sum of40K plus228Ra appears to be less than the measured gross-beta activity in most ground-water samples. The difference between the contribution from these radionuclides and gross-beta activity is most pronounced in ground water with gross-beta activities > 10 pCi/L, where these 2 radionuclides account for less than one-half the measured ross-beta activity. One exception is groundwater from the Coastal Plain of New Jersey, where40K plus228Ra generally contribute most of the gross-beta activity. In contrast,40K and228Ra generally contribute most of beta activity in ground water with gross-beta activities < 1 pCi/L.
The gross-beta technique does not measure all beta activity in ground water. Although3H contributes beta activity to some ground water, it is driven from the sample before counting and therefore is not detected by gross-beta measurements. Beta-emitting radionuclides with half-lives shorter than a few days can decay to low values between sampling and counting. Although little is known about concentrations of most short-lived beta-emitting radionuclides in environmental ground water (water unaffected by direct releases from nuclear facilities and weapons tests), their activities are expected to be low.
Ingrowth of beta-emitting radionuclides during sample holding times can contribute to gross-beta activity, particularly in ground water with gross-beta activities > 10 pCi/L. Ingrowth of beta-emitting progeny of238U, specifically234Pa and234Th, contributes much of the measured gross-beta activity in ground water from 4 of the 5 areas studied. Consequently, gross-beta activity measurements commonly overestimate the abundance of beta-emitting radionuclides actually present in ground water. Differing sample holding times before analysis lead to differing amounts of ingrowth of the two progeny. Therefore, holding times can affect observed gross-beta measurements, particularly in ground water with238U activities that are moderate to high compared with the activity of40K plus228Ra. Uncertainties associated with counting efficiencies for beta particles with different energies further complicate the interpretation of gross-beta measurements.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0883-2927(95)00020-8","usgsCitation":"Welch, A., Szabo, Z., Parkhurst, D.L., Van Metre, P.C., and Mullin, A.H., 1995, Gross-beta activity in ground water: natural sources and artifacts of sampling and laboratory analysis: Applied Geochemistry, v. 10, no. 5, p. 491-503, https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(95)00020-8.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"491","endPage":"503","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337945,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b93e4b0236b68f82910","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welch, Alan H.","contributorId":45286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"Alan H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Szabo, Zoltan 0000-0002-0760-9607 zszabo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-9607","contributorId":138827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Zoltan","email":"zszabo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parkhurst, David L. 0000-0003-3348-1544 dlpark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3348-1544","contributorId":1088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"David","email":"dlpark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Van Metre, Peter C. 0000-0001-7564-9814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7564-9814","contributorId":211144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mullin, Ann H. ahmullin@usgs.gov","contributorId":2188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullin","given":"Ann","email":"ahmullin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":814583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70185321,"text":"70185321 - 1995 - Combined use of groundwater dating, chemical, and isotopic analyses to resolve the history and fate of nitrate contamination in two agricultural watersheds, Atlantic coastal plain, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T08:12:15","indexId":"70185321","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combined use of groundwater dating, chemical, and isotopic analyses to resolve the history and fate of nitrate contamination in two agricultural watersheds, Atlantic coastal plain, Maryland","docAbstract":"The history and fate of groundwater nitrate (NO3−) contamination were compared in 2 small adjacent agricultural watersheds in the Atlantic coastal plain by combined use of chronologic (CCl2F2, 3H), chemical (dissolved solids, gases), and isotopic (δ15N,δ13C, δ34S) analyses of recharging groundwaters, discharging groundwaters, and surface waters. The results demonstrate the interactive effects of changing agricultural practices, groundwater residence times, and local geologic features on the transfer of NO3− through local flow systems. Recharge dates of groundwaters taken in 1990–1992 from the surficial aquifer in the Chesterville Branch and Morgan Creek watersheds near Locust Grove, Maryland, ranged from pre-1940 to the late 1980’s. When corrected for localized denitrification by use of dissolved gas concentrations, the dated waters provide a 40-year record of the recharge rate of NO3−, which increased in both watersheds by a factor of 3–6, most rapidly in the 1970's. The increase in groundwater NO3− over time was approximately proportional to the documented increase in regional N fertilizer use, and could be accounted for by oxidation and leaching of about 20–35% of the fertilizer N. Groundwaters discharging upward beneath streams in both watersheds had measured recharge dates from pre-1940 to 1975, while chemical data for second-order reaches of the streams indicated average groundwater residence times in the order of 20+ years. At the time of the study, NO3− discharge rates were less than NO3− recharge rates for at least two reasons: (1) discharge of relatively old waters with low initial NO3− concentrations, and (2) local denitrification. In the Chesterville Branch watershed, groundwaters remained oxic throughout much of the surficial aquifer and discharged relatively unaltered to the stream, which had a relatively high NO3−concentration (9–10 mg/L as N). In the Morgan Creek watershed, groundwaters were largely reduced and denitrified before discharging to the stream, which had a relatively low NO3−concentration (2–3 mg/L as N). Chemical and isotopic data indicate that quantitative denitrification occurred within buried calcareous glauconitic marine sediments that are present at relatively shallow depths beneath the Morgan Creek watershed. NO3− removal by forests, wetlands, and shallow organic-rich soils in near-stream environments was largely avoided by groundwaters that followed relatively deep flow paths before converging and discharging rapidly upward to the streams.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/95WR01584","usgsCitation":"Böhlke, J., and Denver, J.M., 1995, Combined use of groundwater dating, chemical, and isotopic analyses to resolve the history and fate of nitrate contamination in two agricultural watersheds, Atlantic coastal plain, Maryland: Water Resources Research, v. 31, no. 9, p. 2319-2339, https://doi.org/10.1029/95WR01584.","productDescription":"21 p. ","startPage":"2319","endPage":"2339","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337861,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Locust Grove watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.1077880859375,\n 39.45316112807394\n ],\n [\n -76.1517333984375,\n 39.44043541908485\n ],\n [\n -76.2506103515625,\n 39.11727568585598\n ],\n [\n -75.76171875,\n 39.13432124527173\n ],\n [\n -75.7781982421875,\n 39.46588451142044\n ],\n [\n -76.1077880859375,\n 39.45316112807394\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d0ea1ee4b0236b68f67399","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Denver, J. M.","contributorId":100356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denver","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185381,"text":"70185381 - 1995 - Geometry of sorbed arsenate on ferrihydrite and crystalline FeOOH: Re-evaluation of EXAFS results and topological factors in predicting sorbate geometry, and evidence for monodentate complexes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-21T13:25:12","indexId":"70185381","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geometry of sorbed arsenate on ferrihydrite and crystalline FeOOH: Re-evaluation of EXAFS results and topological factors in predicting sorbate geometry, and evidence for monodentate complexes","docAbstract":"Manceau's (1995) reinterpretation of some of our EXAFS results (Waychunas et al., 1993) has been analyzed using both old and newly collected data in an attempt to clarify the nature of proposed monodentate and edge-sharing bidentate arsenate complexes on the ferrihydrite surface. It is shown that EXAFS analysis utilizing data with sufficient k-range does indicate the presence of relatively short AsFe bonds, suggestive of an edge-sharing complex as indicated by Manceau (1995). However, a variety of data analysis factors and crystal chemical considerations create doubt in this assignment. Most significantly, X-ray scattering data collected on a sample of ferrihydrite with a large density of sorbed arsenate, which should show a substantial fraction of the edge-sharing complex, does not show any such correlation within fitting uncertainty. We also suggest that it is unnecessary to invoke the presence of edge-sharing bidentate arsenate to explain the surface growth poisoning of ferrihydrite with increasing sorbed arsenate, as Manceau (1995) claims.
Further, we show that a model based on the topology of close packed oxygen ions offers a clear explanation why monodentate arsenate should appear on some surfaces and not on others, and why differing AsFe distances might be observed on a single surface with a single type of complex. This model also explains why bidentate sorbed arsenate can occupy positions with consistent “tilt” angles. Without such consistency, the sorbed arsenate would be highly positionally disordered, and difficult to detect accurately via EXAFS methods.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(95)00276-6","usgsCitation":"Waychunas, G.A., Davis, J., and Fuller, C.C., 1995, Geometry of sorbed arsenate on ferrihydrite and crystalline FeOOH: Re-evaluation of EXAFS results and topological factors in predicting sorbate geometry, and evidence for monodentate complexes: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 59, no. 17, p. 3655-3661, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(95)00276-6.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"3655","endPage":"3661","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479208,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(95)00276-6","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337944,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b93e4b0236b68f82912","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waychunas, Glenn A.","contributorId":189615,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Waychunas","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, James A.","contributorId":69289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"James A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, Christopher C. 0000-0002-2354-8074 ccfuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2354-8074","contributorId":1831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Christopher","email":"ccfuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":18748,"text":"ofr95286 - 1995 - Effects of two contrasting agricultural land uses on shallow groundwater quality in the San Joaquin Valley, California; design and preliminary interpretation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-27T17:23:33.088008","indexId":"ofr95286","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-286","title":"Effects of two contrasting agricultural land uses on shallow groundwater quality in the San Joaquin Valley, California; design and preliminary interpretation","docAbstract":"From 1992 through 1994, the San Joaquin-Tulare Basins Study team of the USGS National Water Quality Assessment program investigated the occurrence and distribution of water quality constituents in shallow groundwater underlying two areas of different agricultural land uses: almond orchards and vineyards. The study was restricted to the alluvial fans of the eastern San Joaquin Valley, the area of most groundwater use in the valley. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to delineate the distribution of the two target land uses, to evaluate ancillary data, and to select candidate wells that fit prescribed criteria. Twenty domestic water supply wells were sampled in each of the two areas. In addition, pairs of observation wells were installed and sampled at five of the sites in each area to evaluate whether the water quality in the domestic wells reflects that of the shallow groundwater underlying the target land use. A preliminary evaluation of the results shows that nitrate concentrations in the shallow groundwater are significantly higher in the almond orchard areas than in the vineyard area (p=0.005). In contrast, concentrations of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) were higher in the vineyard area than in the almond orchard area (p=0.032). The most frequently detected pesticides in groundwater underlying both areas were simazine, atrazine, and desethylatrazine (an atrazine degradation product). These observations are explained, in part, by differences in chemical application and hydrogeologic factors.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr95286","usgsCitation":"Dubrovsky, N., Burow, K.R., and Gronberg, J., 1995, Effects of two contrasting agricultural land uses on shallow groundwater quality in the San Joaquin Valley, California; design and preliminary interpretation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-286, v, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95286.","productDescription":"v, 8 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":150975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0286/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":382691,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0286/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.70678710937499,\n 34.79576153473033\n ],\n [\n -117.05932617187499,\n 34.79576153473033\n ],\n [\n -117.05932617187499,\n 37.54457732085582\n ],\n [\n -120.70678710937499,\n 37.54457732085582\n ],\n [\n -120.70678710937499,\n 34.79576153473033\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db610028","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dubrovsky, N. M.","contributorId":48199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubrovsky","given":"N. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burow, Karen R. 0000-0001-6006-6667 krburow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-6667","contributorId":1504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burow","given":"Karen","email":"krburow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":179668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gronberg, Jo Ann M.","contributorId":18342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gronberg","given":"Jo Ann M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":17278,"text":"ofr93591 - 1995 - Interpretation of coal quality data : the inorganic constituents, with comments on the quality of coal from the Sonda Coal Field, Sindh Province, Pakistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:21","indexId":"ofr93591","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-591","title":"Interpretation of coal quality data : the inorganic constituents, with comments on the quality of coal from the Sonda Coal Field, Sindh Province, Pakistan","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr93591","usgsCitation":"Finkelman, R.B., and Oman, C., 1995, Interpretation of coal quality data : the inorganic constituents, with comments on the quality of coal from the Sonda Coal Field, Sindh Province, Pakistan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-591, 109 leaves :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93591.","productDescription":"109 leaves :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149884,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0591/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46419,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0591/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66d2dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finkelman, Robert B.","contributorId":85951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkelman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oman, C.L.","contributorId":95893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oman","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}