About 2200 ice scours were observed and analyzed over a distance of approximately 500 km on the inner shelf of the southeastern Canadian Beaufort Sea. Ice scours were divided into two types based on their morphology: multiple scours consisting of a series of parallel scours and ridges, and single scours. Single scours are the dominant type representing more than 85% of the total observations. The mean scour depth and width are 0.3 m and 11 m respectively, but scour depths of more than 2 m and a scour width up to 345 m were documented. The magnitude of ice scouring processes increases with water depth. In water depths less than 10 m, less than 25% of the seafloor surface is reworked by ice scours. This percentage increases significantly seaward of the 10 m isobath, being more than 75% in water depths in excess of 12 m. A break in the seabed slope at about 10 to 12 m water depth marks a boundary between a nearshore zone moderately influenced by ice processes and an outer zone affected by intense ice scouring. This morphological boundary could be due to intense erosion by the keels of pressure ice ridges at the inner edge of a zone of grounded ice ridges. Most of the observed ice scours appear to be reworked, especially in water depths of less than 10 m, and represent small-scale sediment sinks. Inshore of the 10 m isobath, scour reworking is believed to be mainly due to frequent bottom disturbance by wave orbital currents and mean near-bottom flows during the open water season. Scour orientations show that the dominant motion of ice during scouring events is east or west, which is subparallel to the bathymetric contours and coastline. Scour terminal push mounds, however, suggest a dominant east to southeast movement that may contribute to onshore sediment transport during ice push events.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(95)00095-G","usgsCitation":"Hequette, A., Desrosiers, M., and Barnes, P.W., 1995, Sea ice scouring on the inner shelf of the southeastern Canadian Beaufort Sea: Marine Geology, v. 128, no. 3-4, p. 201-219, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(95)00095-G.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"219","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479200,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1258198","text":"External Repository"},{"id":418230,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Northwest Territories, Yukon","otherGeospatial":"Beaufort Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -141.03647929645314,\n 68.08659955534648\n ],\n [\n -125.84605634257517,\n 68.08659955534648\n ],\n [\n -125.84605634257517,\n 71.98916841649827\n ],\n [\n -141.03647929645314,\n 71.98916841649827\n ],\n [\n -141.03647929645314,\n 68.08659955534648\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"128","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hequette, Arnaud","contributorId":310471,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hequette","given":"Arnaud","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Desrosiers, Marc","contributorId":310472,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Desrosiers","given":"Marc","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barnes, Peter W.","contributorId":223441,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnes","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185355,"text":"70185355 - 1995 - Modeling hexavalent chromium reduction in groundwater in field-scale transport and laboratory batch experiments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T14:55:21","indexId":"70185355","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling hexavalent chromium reduction in groundwater in field-scale transport and laboratory batch experiments","docAbstract":"A plausible and consistent model is developed to obtain a quantitative description of the gradual disappearance of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from groundwater in a small-scale field tracer test and in batch kinetic experiments using aquifer sediments under similar chemical conditions. The data exhibit three distinct timescales. Fast reduction occurs in well-stirred batch reactors in times much less than 1 hour and is followed by slow reduction over a timescale of the order of 2 days. In the field, reduction occurs on a timescale of the order of 8 days. The model is based on the following hypotheses. The chemical reduction reaction occurs very fast, and the longer timescales are caused by diffusion resistance. Diffusion into the secondary porosity of grains causes the apparent slow reduction rate in batch experiments. In the model of the field experiments, the reducing agent, heavy Fe(II)-bearing minerals, is heterogeneously distributed in thin strata located between larger nonreducing sand lenses that comprise the bulk of the aquifer solids. It is found that reducing strata of the order of centimeters thick are sufficient to contribute enough diffusion resistance to cause the observed longest timescale in the field. A one-dimensional advection/dispersion model is formulated that describes the major experimental trends. Diffusion rates are estimated in terms of an elementary physical picture of flow through a stratified medium containing identically sized spherical grains. Both reduction and sorption reactions are included. Batch simulation results are sensitive to the fraction of reductant located at or near the surface of grains, which controls the amount of rapid reduction, and the secondary porosity, which controls the rate of slow reduction observed in batch experiments. Results of Cr(VI) transport simulations are sensitive to the thickness and relative size of the reducing stratum. Transport simulation results suggest that nearly all of the reductant must be located in the reducing stratum. Within this context and as long as there is adequate reductive capacity present, the transport simulation results are insensitive to the parameters important for the batch simulations. The results illustrate how a combination of field measurements and batch laboratory studies can be used to improve predictive modeling of contaminant transport.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/95WR02104","usgsCitation":"Friedly, J., Davis, J., and Kent, D., 1995, Modeling hexavalent chromium reduction in groundwater in field-scale transport and laboratory batch experiments: Water Resources Research, v. 31, no. 11, p. 2783-2794, https://doi.org/10.1029/95WR02104.","productDescription":"12 p. ","startPage":"2783","endPage":"2794","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337916,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b92e4b0236b68f8290a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedly, J.C.","contributorId":189596,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Friedly","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kent, D.B.","contributorId":16588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185316,"text":"70185316 - 1995 - Use of a reactive gas transport model to determine rates of hydrocarbon biodegradation in unsaturated porous media","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T10:06:58","indexId":"70185316","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of a reactive gas transport model to determine rates of hydrocarbon biodegradation in unsaturated porous media","docAbstract":"A mathematical model is presented that simulates the transport and reaction of any number of gaseous phase constituents (e.g. CO2, O2, N2, and hydrocarbons) in unsaturated porous media. The model was developed as part of a method to determine rates of hydrocarbon biodegradation associated with natural cleansing at petroleum product spill sites. The one-dimensional model can be applied to analyze data from column experiments or from field sites where gas transport in the unsaturated zone is approximately vertical. A coupled, non-Fickian constitutive relation between fluxes and concentration gradients, together with the capability of incorporating heterogeneity with respect to model parameters, results in model applicability over a wide range of experimental and field conditions. When applied in a calibration mode, the model allows for the determination of constituent production/consumption rates as a function of the spatial coordinate. Alternatively, the model can be applied in a predictive mode to obtain the distribution of constituent concentrations and fluxes on the basis of assumed values of model parameters and a biodegradation hypothesis. Data requirements for the model are illustrated by analyzing data from a column experiment designed to determine the aerobic degradation rate of toluene in sediments collected from a gasoline spill site in Galloway Township, New Jersey.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/95WR02077","usgsCitation":"Baehr, A.L., and Baker, R.J., 1995, Use of a reactive gas transport model to determine rates of hydrocarbon biodegradation in unsaturated porous media: Water Resources Research, v. 31, no. 11, p. 2877-2882, https://doi.org/10.1029/95WR02077.","productDescription":"6 p. ","startPage":"2877","endPage":"2882","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337859,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d0ea1ee4b0236b68f67397","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baehr, Arthur L.","contributorId":104523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baehr","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baker, Ronald J. rbaker@usgs.gov","contributorId":1436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Ronald","email":"rbaker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185325,"text":"70185325 - 1995 - An empirical model of the phytoplankton chlorophyll : carbon ratio-the conversion factor between productivity and growth rate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T07:56:08","indexId":"70185325","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An empirical model of the phytoplankton chlorophyll : carbon ratio-the conversion factor between productivity and growth rate","docAbstract":"We present an empirical model that describes the ratio of phytoplankton chlorophyll a to carbon, Chl: C, as a function of temperature, daily irradiance, and nutrient-limited growth rate. Our model is based on 219 published measurements of algal cultures exposed to light-limited or nutrient-limited growth conditions. We illustrate an approach for using this estimator of Chl: C to calculate phytoplankton population growth rate from measured primary productivity. This adaptive Chl: C model gives rise to interactive light-nutrient effects in which growth efficiency increases with nutrient availability under low-light conditions. One implication of this interaction is the enhancement of phytoplankton growth efficiency, in addition to enhancement of biomass yield, as a response to eutrophication.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.4319/lo.1995.40.7.1313","usgsCitation":"Cloern, J.E., Grenz, C., and Vidergar-Lucas, L., 1995, An empirical model of the phytoplankton chlorophyll : carbon ratio-the conversion factor between productivity and growth rate: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 40, no. 7, p. 1313-1321, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1995.40.7.1313.","productDescription":"9 p. ","startPage":"1313","endPage":"1321","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479203,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1995.40.7.1313","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337866,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d0ea1ee4b0236b68f67395","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grenz, Christian","contributorId":189559,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grenz","given":"Christian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vidergar-Lucas, Lisa","contributorId":189560,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vidergar-Lucas","given":"Lisa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":29380,"text":"wri954033 - 1995 - A strategy for delineating the area of ground-water contribution to wells completed in fractured bedrock aquifers in Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-19T11:38:13","indexId":"wri954033","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4033","title":"A strategy for delineating the area of ground-water contribution to wells completed in fractured bedrock aquifers in Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Delineating a contributing area to a well completed in a fractured bedrock aquifer in Pennsylvania is difficult because the hydrogeologic characteristics of fractured rocks are extremely complex. Because of this complexity, a single method or technique to delineate a contributing area will not be applicable for all wells completed in fractured-bedrock aquifers. Therefore, a strategy for refining the understanding of boundary conditions and major heterogeneities that control ground-water flow and sources of water to a supply well is suggested.\r\n\r\n The strategy is based on developing and refining a conceptual model for the sources of water to the well. Specifically, the strategy begins with an initial conceptual model of the ground-water-flow system, then requires the collection of hydrogeologic information to refine the conceptual model in a stepwise manner from one or more of sic categories: (1) hydrogeologic mapping, (2) water-level and streamflow measurements, (3) geochemistry, (4) geophysics and borehole flowmetering, (5) aquifer testing, and (6) tracer testing.\r\n\r\n During the refinement process, the applicability of treating the fratured-rock aquifer as a hydrologic continuum is evaluated, and the contributing area is delineated. Choice of the method used to delineate the contributing area is less important than insuring that the method is consistent with the refined conceptual model. By use of such a strategy, the improved understanding of the ground-water-flow system will lead to a technically defensible delineation of the contributing area.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954033","usgsCitation":"Risser, D.W., and Barton, G.J., 1995, A strategy for delineating the area of ground-water contribution to wells completed in fractured bedrock aquifers in Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4033, vi, 30 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954033.","productDescription":"vi, 30 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122616,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4033/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58225,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4033/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a62e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Risser, D. W.","contributorId":48211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risser","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barton, G. J.","contributorId":58660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30347,"text":"wri954050 - 1995 - Bridge-scour analysis on Cuchillo Negro Creek at the Interstate 25 crossing near Truth or Consequences, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:56","indexId":"wri954050","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4050","title":"Bridge-scour analysis on Cuchillo Negro Creek at the Interstate 25 crossing near Truth or Consequences, New Mexico","docAbstract":"A sediment-transport model to simulate channel change was applied to a 1-mile reach of Cuchillo Negro Creek at the Interstate 25 crossing at Truth or Consequences, New Mexico, using the Bridge-Stream Tube model for Alluvial River Simulation (BRI-STARS). The 500-year flood discharge was estimated to be 10,700 cubic feet per second. The 100-year, 500-year, and regional maximum discharges were used to design synthetic and discretized hydrographs using a flood volume equation. The regional maximum discharge relation was developed for New Mexico based on 259 streamflow-gaging stations' maximum peak discharge. The regional maximum-peak discharge for the site was determined to be 81,700 cubic feet per second. Bed-material particle-size distribution was determined for six size classes ranging from 1 to 30 millimeters. The median diameter was 4.6 millimeters at the bed surface and 9.0 millimeters 13 feet below the bed surface. Bed-material discharge for use in the model was estimated to be 18,770 tons per day using hydraulic properties, water temperature, and Yang's gravel equation. Channel-change simulations showed a maximum channel degradation of 1.38 feet for the regional maximum-peak discharge hydrograph.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, [Water Resources Division, New Mexico District] ;\r\nCan be purchased from Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section,","doi":"10.3133/wri954050","usgsCitation":"Waltemeyer, S., 1995, Bridge-scour analysis on Cuchillo Negro Creek at the Interstate 25 crossing near Truth or Consequences, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4050, v, 29 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954050.","productDescription":"v, 29 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124088,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4050/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59139,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4050/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb3f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waltemeyer, S. D.","contributorId":65857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waltemeyer","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30033,"text":"wri954072 - 1995 - Water budget and simulation of one-dimensional unsaturated flow for a flood- and a sprinkler-irrigated field near Milford, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-16T09:57:47","indexId":"wri954072","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4072","title":"Water budget and simulation of one-dimensional unsaturated flow for a flood- and a sprinkler-irrigated field near Milford, Utah","docAbstract":"Ground-water recharge to basin-fill aquifers from unconsumed irrigation water in the western United States is being reduced as irrigators convert to more efficient irrigation systems. In some areas, these changes in irrigation methods may be contributing to ground-water-level declines and reducing the quantity of water available to downgradient users. The components of the water budget were measured or calculated for each field for the 1992 and 1993 irrigation seasons. Precipitation was about 6.5 cm (2.6 inches) both years. The flood-irrigated field received 182 and 156 centimeters (71.6 and 61.4 inches) of irrigation water in 1992 and 1993, and the sprinkler-irrigated field received 52.8 and 87.2 centimeters (20.8 and 34.3 inches) of water, respectively. Evapotrans- piration for alfalfa was calculated using the Penman-Monteith combination equation and was 95.4 and 84.3 centimeters (37.2 and 33.2 inches) for 1992 and 1993, respectively. No runoff and no signifi- cant change in soil moisture in storage was observed from either field. Recharge to the aquifer from the flood-irrigated field was 93.3 and 78.1 centimeters (36.7 and 30.7 inches) in 1992 and 1993 and from the sprinkler-irrigated field was -35.9 and 9.3 centimeters (-14.1 and 3.7 inches), respectively. The daily water budget and soil-moisture profiles in the upper 6.4 meters (21 feet) of the unsaturated zone were simulated with an unsaturated flow model for average climate conditions. Simulated recharge was 57.4 and 50.5 percent of the quantity of irrigation water applied to the flood-irrigated field during 1992 and 1993, respectively, and was 8.7 and 13.8 percent of the quantity of irrigation water applied to the sprinkler-irrigated field.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri954072","usgsCitation":"Susong, D., 1995, Water budget and simulation of one-dimensional unsaturated flow for a flood- and a sprinkler-irrigated field near Milford, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4072, v, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954072.","productDescription":"v, 32 p.","numberOfPages":"37","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160099,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4072/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58835,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4072/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Beaver County","city":"Milford","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.04107666015625,\n 38.26621945628273\n ],\n [\n -113.04107666015625,\n 38.37288556789897\n ],\n [\n -112.906494140625,\n 38.37288556789897\n ],\n [\n -112.906494140625,\n 38.26621945628273\n ],\n [\n -113.04107666015625,\n 38.26621945628273\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67aeb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Susong, D. D.","contributorId":12868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Susong","given":"D. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28440,"text":"wri954074 - 1995 - Selected chemical characteristics and acute toxicity of urban stormwater, streamflow, and bed material, Maricopa County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-25T17:01:25","indexId":"wri954074","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4074","title":"Selected chemical characteristics and acute toxicity of urban stormwater, streamflow, and bed material, Maricopa County, Arizona","docAbstract":"The chemistry and toxicity of urban stormwater, streamflow, and bed material in the Phoenix, Arizona, area were characterized to determine if urban stormwater could degrade the quality of streams. Toxic phases of stormwater (oil and grease, suspended solids, dissolved metals, and dissolved organics) were identified to aid water-quality managers minimize the sources of toxicants. Acute aquatic toxicity tests were done using the water flea Ceriodaphnia dubia and fathead minnows (Pimaphales promelas), and acute sediment toxicity tests were done using the amphipod Hyalella azteca. Statistical analyses also were used to determine the effect of urbanization on the quality of water and bed material and to identify toxic constituents.
Statistical analyses indicated that urban stormwater could degrade the quality of streamflow with oil and grease, pesticides, dissolved trace metals, and ammonia, and that ammonia, lead, cadmium, and zinc are released by urban activities and accumulate in bed material. Ammonia may be from fertilizers, fecal matter, and other sources. Lead probably is from vehicles that use leaded gasoline. Cadmium and zinc could be from paniculate metal in oil, brake pads, and other sources.
Samples of the initial runoff from urban drainage basins appeared to be more toxic than flowweighted composite samples, and stormwater was more harmful to fathead minnows than to Ceriodaphnia dubia. Streamflow samples from the Salt River were not toxic to either species, which indicates that urban stormwater could degrade the quality of the Salt River. The enhanced mortality rate of fathead minnows exposed to urban stormwater from most urban drainage basins indicated that the toxicants were more detrimental to fish than to insects and could be present in stormwater throughout the Phoenix area. The most toxic stormwater samples were collected from the drainage basins with residential and commercial land use, and the toxicity probably was due to surfactants and (or) other constituents leached from asphalt and resealant Results of toxicity identification evaluations indicated that the toxicity of stormwater mostly was due to organic constituents; dissolved zinc and copper also appeared to contribute to stormwater toxicity. Statistical comparisons of chemical data to toxicity data indicated that organophosphate pesticides were not the toxic constituents, and the toxicity generally was due to organic constituents that were not analyzed.
The most toxic bed-material samples were collected from a drainage basin with undeveloped land use. In these bed-material samples, mortality rates were significantly higher than in samples from ephemeral channels. Comparisons between the toxicity of bed-material samples from undeveloped and urban drainage basins and between urban drainage basins and ephemeral channels showed no significant difference. In urban drainage basins, bed-material samples collected from areas where stormwater accumulates appeared to be more toxic than samples collected from areas where stormwater does not accumulate.
For bed-material samples from the undeveloped drainage basin, mortality rates strongly correlated with recoverable concentrations of zinc and moderately correlated with recoverable concentrations of copper. The high mortality rate probably was due to naturally occurring trace metals. For bed-material samples from urban drainage basins, mortality rates significantly correlated with recoverable concentrations of cadmium and zinc, which resulted from urban activities. The bioavailability of trace metals in bed material appeared to be controlled by the adsorption properties of organic carbon, iron, and manganese. Organochlorine pesticides were detected in most bed-material samples; however, mortality rates were poorly correlated with pesticide concentrations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954074","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Lopes, T.J., and Fossum, K.D., 1995, Selected chemical characteristics and acute toxicity of urban stormwater, streamflow, and bed material, Maricopa County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4074, v, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954074.","productDescription":"v, 52 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":57242,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4074/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159175,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4074/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Maricopa County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.5,\n 33.25\n ],\n [\n -111.75,\n 33.25\n ],\n [\n -111.75,\n 33.75\n ],\n [\n -112.5,\n 33.75\n ],\n [\n -112.5,\n 33.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4a1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lopes, Thomas J. tjlopes@usgs.gov","contributorId":2302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopes","given":"Thomas","email":"tjlopes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":199801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fossum, Kenneth D.","contributorId":34121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fossum","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26529,"text":"wri954022 - 1995 - Synthesis of natural flows at selected sites in and near the Milk River basin, Montana, 1928-89","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:30","indexId":"wri954022","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4022","title":"Synthesis of natural flows at selected sites in and near the Milk River basin, Montana, 1928-89","docAbstract":"Natural monthly streamflows were synthesized for the years 1928-89 at 2 sites in the St. Mary River Basin and 11 sites in the Milk River Basin in north- central Montana. The sites are represented as nodes in a streamflow accounting model being developed by the Bureau of Reclamation for the Milk River Basin. Recorded flows at most sites have been affected by human activities, including reservoir storage and irrigation diversions. The flows at the model nodes were corrected for the effects of these activities to obtain synthesized flows. The synthesized flows at nodes with seasonal and short-term records were extended using a statistical technique. The methods of synthesis varied, depending on upstream activities and information available. Flows at sites in the St. Mary River Basin and at the Milk River at Eastern Crossing of International Boundary pre- viously had been synthesized. The flows at mainstem sites downstream from the Milk River at Eastern Crossing were synthesized by adding synthesized natural runoff from intervening drainage areas to natural flows for Milk River at Eastern Crossing. Natural runoff from intervening drainage areas was estimated by multiplying recorded flows at selected index gaging stations on tributary streams by the ratio of the intervening drainage area to the combined drainage area of the index stations. The recorded flows for Milk River at Western Crossing of International Boundary and for Peoples Creek near Dodson, Montana, were assumed to be natural flows. The synthesized annual flows at the mouth of the Milk River compared favorably with the recorded flows near the mouth when the effects of upstream irrigation were considered.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri954022","usgsCitation":"Cary, L.E., and Parrett, C., 1995, Synthesis of natural flows at selected sites in and near the Milk River basin, Montana, 1928-89: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4022, iv, 42 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954022.","productDescription":"iv, 42 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158162,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4022/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55391,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4022/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db6879a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cary, L. E.","contributorId":47369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cary","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parrett, Charles","contributorId":9635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrett","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1003112,"text":"1003112 - 1995 - Applying computer simulation models as learning tools in fishery management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-27T23:22:45.976903","indexId":"1003112","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Applying computer simulation models as learning tools in fishery management","docAbstract":"Computer models can be powerful tools for addressing many problems in fishery management, but uncertainty about how to apply models and how they should perform can lead to a cautious approach to modeling. Within this approach, we expect models to make quantitative predictions but only after all model inputs have been estimated from empirical data and after the model has been tested for agreement with an independent data set. I review the limitations to this approach and show how models can be more useful as tools for organizing data and concepts, learning about the system to be managed, and exploring management options. Fishery management requires deciding what actions to pursue to meet management objectives. Models do not make decisions for us but can provide valuable input to the decision‐making process. When empirical data are lacking. preliminary modeling with parameters derived from other sources can help determine priorities for data collection. When evaluating models for management applications, we should attempt to define the conditions under which the model is a useful, analytical tool (its domain of applicability) and should focus on the decisions made using modeling results, rather than on quantitative model predictions. I describe an example of modeling used as a learning tool for the yellow perch Perca flavescens fishery in Green Bay, Lake Michigan.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1995)015<0736:ACSMAL>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Johnson, B., 1995, Applying computer simulation models as learning tools in fishery management: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 15, no. 4, p. 736-747, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1995)015<0736:ACSMAL>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"736","endPage":"747","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134371,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","city":"Green Bay","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.05690415586561,\n 44.72484196720393\n ],\n [\n -88.05690415586561,\n 44.49016875094597\n ],\n [\n -87.80828937178602,\n 44.49016875094597\n ],\n [\n -87.80828937178602,\n 44.72484196720393\n ],\n [\n -88.05690415586561,\n 44.72484196720393\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a3dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Barry L.","contributorId":95009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Barry L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":16920,"text":"ofr95291 - 1995 - Benthic macrofauna data for San Francisco Bay, California, September 1986","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-01T14:34:41.168578","indexId":"ofr95291","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-291","title":"Benthic macrofauna data for San Francisco Bay, California, September 1986","docAbstract":"Benthic macrofauna were collected during September 1986 to evaluate locations for long-term monitoring stations as part of the U.S. Geological Survey Regional Effects Monitoring Program in San Francisco Bay, California. Three to ten replicate samples were collected with a modified Van Veen sampler (0.05 m2 area) at ten locations. One box core sample (0.06 m2 area) was collected at seven to the ten locations. Six of the box core samples were split into an upper 10 cm sample and a deeper sample before analysis. Macrofauna specimens were identified to the lowest possible taxon, usually genus and species, then counted. An average of 88 percent of the benthic macrofauna specimens were identified to the species level. The fraction identified varied among stations from 54 to 98 percent. Nematodes and oligochaetes accounted for most of the unidentified specimens. Relative to the total number of species identified in five replicates at each location, an average of 90 percent of the species were collected with three replicates. In general, species with high to moderate abundances were present in all replicates, and species collected only after three or more replicates averaged less than one specimen per replicate. Results from the box cores showed that the dominant species were most abundant in the upper 10 cm, the depth of sediment that can be adequately sampled with a modified Van Veen sampler. On the basis of the number of species and their abundances at each location, seven of the ten locations were selected for sampling in the regular program, which began in March 1987.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95291","usgsCitation":"Schemel, L.E., Thompson, J., Harmon, J., and Yost, B.T., 1995, Benthic macrofauna data for San Francisco Bay, California, September 1986: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-291, iii, 33 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95291.","productDescription":"iii, 33 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":46032,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0291/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":149415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0291/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.98645019531249,\n 37.38761749978395\n ],\n [\n -121.83288574218749,\n 37.38761749978395\n ],\n [\n -121.83288574218749,\n 38.21660403859855\n ],\n [\n -122.98645019531249,\n 38.21660403859855\n ],\n [\n -122.98645019531249,\n 37.38761749978395\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a3ae4b07f02db61dffb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schemel, Laurence E. lschemel@usgs.gov","contributorId":4085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schemel","given":"Laurence","email":"lschemel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":174185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, J.K.","contributorId":103300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harmon, J.G.","contributorId":90753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harmon","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yost, B. T.","contributorId":19178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yost","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":20658,"text":"ofr94511 - 1995 - Simulation of hydrodynamics and solute transport in the Neuse River estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:47","indexId":"ofr94511","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-511","title":"Simulation of hydrodynamics and solute transport in the Neuse River estuary","docAbstract":"An investigation was conducted to characterize flow, circulation, and transport in the Neuse River estuary, North Carolina. The study included a detailed field-measurement program and the calibration, validation, and application of a physically realistic numerical model of hydro- dynamics and transport through a 40-kilometer reach of the estuary. Water level, salinity, water temperature, wind speed and direction, current velocity, and bathymetric data were collected during March 1988 through September 1992. Additional data from pre-existing continuous-record streamflow gaging stations and meteorological stations also were used. A two-dimensional, vertically averaged hydrodynamic and solute transport model was applied to the study reach. The model domain was discretized into 200- by 200-meter computational cells. Model calibration was achieved through adjustment of model parameters for the period June 1-24, 1991. Additional simulations for periods in 1989 and 1991 were run to validate the model. The model was calibrated and validated for water levels ranging from -0.104 to 0.908 meters, salinities ranging from 2.8 to 22.0 parts per thousand, and wind speed from calm to 9 meters per second. The model was tested for stratified and unstratified conditions. Simulated and observed level, salinity, and velocity data were used to evaluate the model. The calibrated model was applied to simulate flows, circulation, and salinity distributions for four simulation periods in 1989 and 1991. Comparisons of simulated results for a period in June 1991 were made between the Neuse and Pamlico models to characterize differences between the two systems.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section,","doi":"10.3133/ofr94511","usgsCitation":"Robbins, J.C., and Bales, J., 1995, Simulation of hydrodynamics and solute transport in the Neuse River estuary: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-511, vi, 85 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94511.","productDescription":"vi, 85 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153996,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0511/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50185,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0511/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f22b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, Jeanne C. 0000-0001-7804-0764 jrobbins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7804-0764","contributorId":1586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Jeanne","email":"jrobbins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":183013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bales, Jerad","contributorId":47390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"Jerad","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":20325,"text":"ofr95281 - 1995 - Reassessment of hydrogeologic data and refinement of a regional ground-water-flow model for the Milford-Souhegan glacial-drift aquifer, Milford, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:34","indexId":"ofr95281","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-281","title":"Reassessment of hydrogeologic data and refinement of a regional ground-water-flow model for the Milford-Souhegan glacial-drift aquifer, Milford, New Hampshire","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S.G.S. Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95281","usgsCitation":"Olimpio, J.R., and Harte, P.T., 1995, Reassessment of hydrogeologic data and refinement of a regional ground-water-flow model for the Milford-Souhegan glacial-drift aquifer, Milford, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-281, iv, 40 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95281.","productDescription":"iv, 40 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0281/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49855,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0281/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648678","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olimpio, Joseph R.","contributorId":57878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olimpio","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harte, Philip T. 0000-0002-7718-1204 ptharte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7718-1204","contributorId":1008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harte","given":"Philip","email":"ptharte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":182452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":18041,"text":"ofr94454 - 1995 - Simulation of hydrodynamics and solute transport in the Pamlico River estuary, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T11:19:38","indexId":"ofr94454","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-454","title":"Simulation of hydrodynamics and solute transport in the Pamlico River estuary, North Carolina","docAbstract":"An investigation was conducted to characterize flow, circulation, and solute transport in the Pamlico River estuary, North Carolina. The study included a detailed field-measurement program and the calibration, validation, and application of a physically realistic numerical model of hydro- dynamics and transport. Water level, salinity, water temperature, wind speed and direction, and current data were collected during March 1988 through September 1992, and were used to characterize physical conditions in the estuary. Data from pre- existing streamflow gaging stations and meteoro- logical stations were also used. A two-dimensional vertically averaged hydrodynamic and solute transport model was applied to the 48-kilometer study reach. The model domain was discretized into 5,620 separate 200- by 200-meter computational cells. Model calibration was achieved through adjustment of parameters for June 14-30, 1991. Data from selected periods in 1989 and 1991 were used for model validation. Water levels used for model calibration and validation ranged from -0.052 to 0.698 meter; salinities ranged from 0.1 to 13.1 parts per thousand; and wind speeds ranged from calm to 22 meters per second. The model was tested for stratified and unstratified conditions. Simulated and observed data were used to evaluate model performance. The calibrated model was applied for selected periods in 1989 and 1991. Instantaneous flows were simulated at each boundary and at mid- estuary. Circulation patterns were characterized using vector plots, particle tracking, and solute transport. Particle tracks showed that materials released at mid-estuary may remain in the system for 25 days or longer.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr94454","usgsCitation":"Bales, J., and Robbins, J.C., 1995, Simulation of hydrodynamics and solute transport in the Pamlico River estuary, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-454, vi, 85 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94454.","productDescription":"vi, 85 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":47285,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0454/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":150170,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0454/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Pamlico River estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.29156494140625,\n 35.137879119634185\n ],\n [\n -77.29156494140625,\n 35.74205383068037\n ],\n [\n -76.124267578125,\n 35.74205383068037\n ],\n [\n -76.124267578125,\n 35.137879119634185\n ],\n [\n -77.29156494140625,\n 35.137879119634185\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f230d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bales, Jerad","contributorId":47390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"Jerad","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robbins, Jeanne C. 0000-0001-7804-0764 jrobbins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7804-0764","contributorId":1586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Jeanne","email":"jrobbins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":178423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":16879,"text":"ofr95485 - 1995 - Analytical results for soil samples and plots of results of R-mode factor analysis of soil and soil-gas data; Dixie Valley Known Geothermal Resource Area, northern Dixie Valley, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:10","indexId":"ofr95485","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-485","title":"Analytical results for soil samples and plots of results of R-mode factor analysis of soil and soil-gas data; Dixie Valley Known Geothermal Resource Area, northern Dixie Valley, Nevada","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr95485","usgsCitation":"Hinkle, M., Briggs, P., Motooka, J.M., and Knight, R.J., 1995, Analytical results for soil samples and plots of results of R-mode factor analysis of soil and soil-gas data; Dixie Valley Known Geothermal Resource Area, northern Dixie Valley, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-485, 35 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95485.","productDescription":"35 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0485/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":45992,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0485/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67ca2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinkle, Margaret","contributorId":36918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkle","given":"Margaret","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Briggs, Paul H.","contributorId":107691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Paul H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Motooka, J. M.","contributorId":8834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Motooka","given":"J.","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Knight, R. J.","contributorId":96255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":21085,"text":"ofr95544 - 1995 - Theoretical models of heterogeneous media for electrical prospecting methods with direct currents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:53","indexId":"ofr95544","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-544","title":"Theoretical models of heterogeneous media for electrical prospecting methods with direct currents","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr95544","usgsCitation":"Stefanescu, S.S., and Zohdy, A.A., 1995, Theoretical models of heterogeneous media for electrical prospecting methods with direct currents: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-544, 32 p. ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95544.","productDescription":"32 p. ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154702,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0544/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50679,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0544/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a57e4b07f02db62e6d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stefanescu, Sabba S. (translator)","contributorId":69182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stefanescu","given":"Sabba","suffix":"(translator)","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zohdy, Adel A. R.","contributorId":61799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zohdy","given":"Adel","email":"","middleInitial":"A. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70189415,"text":"70189415 - 1995 - Progress made in groundwater flow and transport modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T14:20:04","indexId":"70189415","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Progress made in groundwater flow and transport modeling","docAbstract":"A special session, “Automated Parameter Identification and Sensitivity Analysis in Groundwater Flow and Transport,” was held at the Spring AGU meeting last May to explore recent scientific and technological developments in this expanding research area. The problems and approaches discussed are crucial to any field of Earth science in which models are used to represent physical processes and simulated values are compared with measured quantities. Although methods for automated parameter identification and sensitivity analysis were first developed at about the same time as numerical groundwater models, they are rarely used. Presentations at this special session clearly demonstrated the potential contributions of these methods for more insightful groundwater model development and calibration.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/95EO00241","usgsCitation":"Hill, M.C., and Zheng, C., 1995, Progress made in groundwater flow and transport modeling: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 76, no. 40, 2 p. , https://doi.org/10.1029/95EO00241.","productDescription":"2 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343728,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"40","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59673546e4b0d1f9f05dd7fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, Mary C. mchill@usgs.gov","contributorId":974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Mary","email":"mchill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zheng, Chunmiao","contributorId":49233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zheng","given":"Chunmiao","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5223061,"text":"5223061 - 1995 - Spring-summer survival rates of yearling versus adult mallard females","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-27T16:16:14.552367","indexId":"5223061","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spring-summer survival rates of yearling versus adult mallard females","docAbstract":"Knowledge of the timing, magnitude, and cause of mortality in wildlife populations is imperative for developing management strategies that protect or improve the status of these populations. Age- and sex-specific population parameter estimates provide the most useful information for this purpose. Numerous studies have provided information about survival rates in mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), but little is known about age-related differences in female survival during the breeding period. We examined band-recovery data for female mallards banded in southern portions of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba during spring and summer 1981-85. We used band-recovery models to test the hypothesis that yearling females would exhibit higher survival compared with that of older females during spring-summer. There was evidence (P = 0.08) that spring-summer survival rates of yearling females (0.728) were higher than that of older females (0.574). These findings support the hypothesis that age-specific differences in nesting behavior (e.g., later nest initiation and fewer nesting attempts by yearlings) influence losses to predators and are responsible for the difference in spring-summer survival. Management treatments that increase nest success, and consequently reduce the need for prolonged nesting, will increase mallard survival during spring-summer.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3801945","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, R.E., Blohm, R.J., Nichols, J.D., and Hines, J., 1995, Spring-summer survival rates of yearling versus adult mallard females: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 59, no. 4, p. 691-696, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801945.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"691","endPage":"696","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196409,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","otherGeospatial":"Alberta, Manitoba, Saskatchewan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.3533452352784,\n 60.35280665197109\n ],\n [\n -120.3533452352784,\n 49.04175660960465\n ],\n [\n -93.94107785375056,\n 49.04175660960465\n ],\n [\n -93.94107785375056,\n 60.35280665197109\n ],\n [\n -120.3533452352784,\n 60.35280665197109\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"59","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e4919","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Ronald E.","contributorId":174572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blohm, Robert J.","contributorId":202242,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blohm","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36385,"text":"Division of Migratory Bird Management, U.S. Fish And Wildlife Service, Retired, Bowie, MD 20715, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":337768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":140652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":337765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hines, James E. jhines@usgs.gov","contributorId":3506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James E.","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":337767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5223063,"text":"5223063 - 1995 - Robustness of survival estimates from radio-telemetry studies with uncertain relocation of individuals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-09T17:12:30.430391","indexId":"5223063","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Robustness of survival estimates from radio-telemetry studies with uncertain relocation of individuals","docAbstract":"Traditional methods of estimating survival from radio-telemetry studies use either the Trent-Rongstad approach (Trent and Rongstad 1974, Heisey and Fuller 1985) or the Kaplan-Meier approach (Kaplan and Meier 1958; Pollock et al. 1989a,b). Both methods appear to require the assumption that relocation probability for animals with a functioning radio is 1. In practice this may not always be reasonable and, in fact, is unnecessary. The number of animals at risk (i.e., risk set) can be modified to account for uncertain relocation of individuals. This involves including only relocated animals in the risk set instead of also including animals not relocated but that were seen later. Simulation results show that estimators and tests for comparing survival curves should be based on this modification.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3801958","usgsCitation":"Bunck, C.M., Chen, C., and Pollock, K.H., 1995, Robustness of survival estimates from radio-telemetry studies with uncertain relocation of individuals: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 59, no. 4, p. 790-794, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801958.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"790","endPage":"794","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199776,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db68822e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bunck, Christine M. cbunck@usgs.gov","contributorId":731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunck","given":"Christine","email":"cbunck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":337774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chen, Chiu-Lan","contributorId":100979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Chiu-Lan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pollock, Kenneth H.","contributorId":8590,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5223403,"text":"5223403 - 1995 - Age-class separation of blue-winged ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-27T15:54:04.060186","indexId":"5223403","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age-class separation of blue-winged ducks","docAbstract":"Accurate determination of age is of fundamental importance to population and life history studies of waterfowl and their management. Therefore, we developed quantitative methods that separate adult and immature blue-winged teal (Anas discors), cinnamon teal (A. cyanoptera), and northern shovelers (A. clypeata) during spring and summer. To assess suitability of discriminant models using 9 remigial measurements, we compared model performance (% agreement between predicted age and age assigned to birds on the basis of definitive cloacal or rectral feather characteristics) in different flyways (Mississippi and Pacific) and between years (1990-91 and 1991-92). We also applied age-classification models to wings obtained from U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service harvest surveys in the Mississippi and Central-Pacific flyways (wing-bees) for which age had been determined using qualitative characteristics (i.e., remigial markings, shape, or wear). Except for male northern shovelers, models correctly aged lt 90% (range 70-86%) of blue-winged ducks. Model performance varied among species and differed between sexes and years. Proportions of individuals that were correctly aged were greater for males (range 63-86%) than females (range 39-69%). Models for northern shovelers performed better in flyway comparisons within year (1991-92, La. model applied to Calif. birds, and Calif. model applied to La. birds: 90 and 94% for M, and 89 and 76% for F, respectively) than in annual comparisons within the Mississippi Flyway (1991-92 model applied to 1990-91 data: 79% for M, 50% for F). Exclusion of measurements that varied by flyway or year did not improve model performance. Quantitative methods appear to be of limited value for age separation of female blue-winged ducks. Close agreement between predicted age and age assigned to wings from the wing-bees suggests that qualitative and quantitative methods may be equally accurate for age separation of male blue-winged ducks. We interpret annual and flyway differences in remigial measurements and reduced performance of age classification models as evidence of high variability in size of blue-winged ducks' remiges. Variability in remigial size of these and other small-bodied waterfowl may be related to nutrition during molt.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3801949","usgsCitation":"Hohman, W.L., Moore, J.L., Twedt, D.J., Mensik, J.G., and Logerwell, E., 1995, Age-class separation of blue-winged ducks: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 59, no. 4, p. 727-735, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801949.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"727","endPage":"735","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199013,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"southwestern Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.88656682066987,\n 29.804337556605716\n ],\n [\n -92.9143034954805,\n 29.804337556605716\n ],\n [\n -92.9143034954805,\n 30.381386655694484\n ],\n [\n -93.88656682066987,\n 30.381386655694484\n ],\n [\n -93.88656682066987,\n 29.804337556605716\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"59","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db689459","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hohman, William L.","contributorId":73141,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hohman","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, Joseph L.","contributorId":182520,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moore","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Twedt, Daniel J. 0000-0003-1223-5045 dtwedt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1223-5045","contributorId":398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twedt","given":"Daniel","email":"dtwedt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":338677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mensik, John G.","contributorId":90253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mensik","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Logerwell, E.","contributorId":64365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Logerwell","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1001167,"text":"1001167 - 1995 - Spring-staging ecology of midcontinent greater white-fronted geese","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-27T15:43:11.501141","indexId":"1001167","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spring-staging ecology of midcontinent greater white-fronted geese","docAbstract":"A major part of the midcontinent greater white-fronted goose (Anser albifrons) population stages for several weeks in spring in the Rainwater Basin Area (RBA) of south-central Nebraska where substantial mortality from disease occurs periodically. Effective management of this population requires better data on use of habitat, vulnerability to disease, and the role of staging areas in migration and reproduction. We studied use of habitat, foods, nutrient dynamics, and effect of changes in agriculture on food availability and habitat needs in spring 1979-80. During daylight, geese were observed primarily in harvested cornfields (76%) and growing winter wheat (23%). Corn grain and winter wheat shoots composed 90 and 9%, respectively, of foods consumed by collected geese (n = 42). Feeding activity did not vary among post-harvest cornfield treatments except that little feeding occurred (P < 0.05) in moldboard-plowed fields (<1%). Fat content for all geese increased (P ≤ 0.01) with Julian date; protein content increased (P = 0.03) only among adult females, and there was no evidence (P > 0.05) of temporal variation in calcium content. Adult geese storing 14.2 g of fat per day deposited approximately 582 g of fat between 22 February and 8 April. Energy requirements for thermal regulation were small compared with requirements for fat synthesis and probably had little effect on nutrient deposition. The 34,000 white-fronted geese present on the Harvard Marsh and Prairie Dog Marsh study areas in March 1980 probably used <20% of the corn available within a 5-km radius. We believe that midcontinent white-fronted geese arrive on Arctic breeding grounds with larger and less variable fat reserves than prior to modern agricultural development. We attribute this response to increased food availability on staging areas where the net effect of agricultural changes has been an increase in corn availability. Waterfowl managers can increase dispersion of geese and provide favorable foraging conditions by maintaining well-distributed wetland roosting habitat and by working with private landowners to ensure access to grain in the vicinity of wetlands.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3801950","usgsCitation":"Krapu, G., Reinecke, K.J., Jorde, D., and Simpson, S.G., 1995, Spring-staging ecology of midcontinent greater white-fronted geese: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 59, no. 4, p. 736-746, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801950.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"736","endPage":"746","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133837,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","county":"Clay County, Kearney County","otherGeospatial":"Harvard Marsh, Prairie Dog Marsh","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.14655438336845,\n 40.62611018379056\n ],\n [\n -98.1904089915856,\n 40.62611018379056\n ],\n [\n -98.1904089915856,\n 40.60297069561622\n ],\n [\n -98.14655438336845,\n 40.60297069561622\n ],\n [\n -98.14655438336845,\n 40.62611018379056\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.14303772942168,\n 40.4090490095503\n ],\n [\n -99.14303772942168,\n 40.393638852987465\n ],\n [\n -99.11194600877934,\n 40.393638852987465\n ],\n [\n -99.11194600877934,\n 40.4090490095503\n ],\n [\n -99.14303772942168,\n 40.4090490095503\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"59","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e5109","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krapu, Gary 0000-0001-8482-6130 gkrapu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8482-6130","contributorId":168791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapu","given":"Gary","email":"gkrapu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reinecke, Kenneth J.","contributorId":87275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinecke","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jorde, Dennis G. djorde@usgs.gov","contributorId":12804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorde","given":"Dennis G.","email":"djorde@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":310633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Simpson, S. Gay","contributorId":17184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Gay","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5222720,"text":"5222720 - 1995 - Geographic variation in band reporting rates for mallards based on reward banding","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-27T16:09:20.051953","indexId":"5222720","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geographic variation in band reporting rates for mallards based on reward banding","docAbstract":"We conducted a reward band study on mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) to estimate and test hypotheses about sources of variation in band reporting rate. We banded 25,398 mallards with standard and 100 reward bands (3 mallards banded with standard bands for every reward-banded mallard) during preseason (Jul-Sep), 1988. We used a series of multinomial models to model the resulting 2,776 band recoveries from 1988 to 1991. Estimates of reporting rate for males shot in 10 harvest areas ranged from 0.29 to 0.46 and averaged 0.38 (SE = 0.020). We found evidence (P < 0.01) of geographic variation in reporting rates, but not of smooth latitudinal or longitudinal gradients. There was evidence (P = 0.07) of lower reporting rates for females than males, especially in prairie Canada and the Central Flyway. Except for young males in the northern Atlantic Flyway, estimated harvest rates were lower than historical estimates, as expected from recent restrictive hunting regulations. Patterns of geographic and agesex variation in harvest rates were similar to those obtained using historical band-recovery data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3801946","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., Reynolds, R.E., Blohm, R.J., Trost, R.E., Hines, J., and Bladen, J.P., 1995, Geographic variation in band reporting rates for mallards based on reward banding: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 59, no. 4, p. 697-708, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801946.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"697","endPage":"708","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194226,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United 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James D. jnichols@usgs.gov","contributorId":139087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":336952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, Ronald E.","contributorId":174572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blohm, Robert J.","contributorId":202242,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blohm","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36385,"text":"Division of Migratory Bird Management, U.S. Fish And Wildlife Service, Retired, Bowie, MD 20715, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":336957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Trost, Robert E.","contributorId":114181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trost","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hines, James E. jhines@usgs.gov","contributorId":3506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James E.","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":336955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bladen, Judith P.","contributorId":26773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bladen","given":"Judith","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70246576,"text":"70246576 - 1995 - Volcanic and structural evolution of Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand: A review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-10T17:25:57.647085","indexId":"70246576","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T12:03:25","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcanic and structural evolution of Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand: A review","docAbstract":"The Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ) in the central North Island is the main focus of young volcanism in New Zealand. Andesitic activity started at c. 2 Ma, joined by voluminous rhyolitic (plus minor basaltic and dacitic) activity from c. 1.6 Ma. The TVZ is c. 300 km long (200 km on land) and up to 60 km wide, as defined by vent positions and caldera structural boundaries. The total volume of TVZ volcanic deposits is uncertain because a sub-volcanic basement has not been identified, but present data suggest bulk volumes of 15–20,000 km3, and that faulted metasediments form most of the immediate subvolcanic basement. Rhyolite (≥15,000 km3 bulk volume, typically 70–77% SiO2) is the dominant magma erupted in the TVZ (mostly as calderaforming ignimbrite eruptions), andesite is an order of magnitude less abundant, and basalt and dacite are minor in volume (< 100 km3 each). The history of the TVZ is here divided into ‘old TVZ’ from 2.0 Ma to 0.34 Ma, and ‘young TVZ’ from 0.34 Ma onwards, separated by the Whakamaru eruptions, which obscured much of the evidence for older activity within the zone. The TVZ shows a pronounced segmentation into northeastern and southwestern andesite-dominated extremities with composite cones and no calderas, and a central 125-km-long rhyolite-dominated segment. Eight rhyolitic caldera centres have so far been identified in the central segment, of which two (Mangakino and Kapenga) are composite features, and more centres will probably be delineated as further data accumulate. These centres account for 34 inferred caldera-forming ignimbrite eruptions, in the c. 1.6-Ma lifetime of the central TVZ. The modern central TVZ is the most frequently active and productive silicic volcanic system on Earth, erupting rhyolite at c. 0.28 m3 s−1, and available information suggests this has been so for at least the past 0.34 Ma. The rhyolites show no major compositional changes with time, though the extent of magma chamber zonation may have changed with the incoming of rifting and crustal extension in the past c. 0.9 Ma. Within the central TVZ, non-rhyolitic compositions have been erupted apparently irregularly in time and space; in particular there is no evidence for a geographic separation of basalts from andesites. Between 0.9 and 0.34 Ma, a major episode of uplift affected areas around the TVZ, while at the same time the main focus of activity may have migrated eastwards within the TVZ accompanying rifting along the axis of the zone. The modern TVZ is rifting at rates between 7 and 18 mm a−1 and restoration of the thin (15km) ‘crust’ (Vp ≤ 6.1 km s−1) beneath the central TVZ to its pre-rifting thickness (25 km) implies that rifting at such rates may have begun only at c. 0.9 Ma. The TVZ is a rifted arc, but its longitudinally segmented nature, high thermal flux and voluminous rhyolitic volcanism make it unique on Earth.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0377-0273(95)00006-G","usgsCitation":"Wilson, C.J., Houghton, B.F., McWilliams, M., Lanphere, M.A., Weaver, S., and Briggs, R.M., 1995, Volcanic and structural evolution of Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand: A review: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 68, no. 1-3, p. 1-28, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(95)00006-G.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":418828,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"New Zealand","otherGeospatial":"Taupo Volcanic Field","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 175.5014591911816,\n -39.25442847557307\n ],\n [\n 175.7955518341335,\n -39.321049121232996\n ],\n [\n 176.14702840741802,\n -39.271089578177644\n ],\n [\n 176.59892685878384,\n -39.08203195376327\n ],\n [\n 176.87150052786137,\n -38.724781221971334\n ],\n [\n 177.0006143711073,\n -38.3094726040975\n ],\n [\n 177.0077873623993,\n -37.90309262902965\n ],\n [\n 176.7567326671961,\n -37.83514302899949\n ],\n [\n 176.53436993715917,\n -37.744446121729496\n ],\n [\n 176.26179626808158,\n -37.64227909422951\n ],\n [\n 175.82424379929984,\n -38.16862467867667\n ],\n [\n 175.48711320859934,\n -38.56791924284407\n ],\n [\n 175.34365338276933,\n -38.93153603315134\n ],\n [\n 175.5014591911816,\n -39.25442847557307\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"68","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, C. J. N.","contributorId":22096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":877264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houghton, B. F.","contributorId":211904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Houghton","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":38350,"text":"University of Hawaii at Manoa, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":877265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McWilliams, M.O.","contributorId":7840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McWilliams","given":"M.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":877266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lanphere, Marvin A. alder@usgs.gov","contributorId":2696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"Marvin","email":"alder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":877267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Weaver, S.D.","contributorId":20914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":877268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Briggs, R. M.","contributorId":316271,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Briggs","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":877269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70246572,"text":"70246572 - 1995 - A mass proportion method for calculating melting reactions and application to melting of model upper mantle lherzolite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-10T16:01:46.6507","indexId":"70246572","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T10:56:04","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A mass proportion method for calculating melting reactions and application to melting of model upper mantle lherzolite","docAbstract":"We present a method for calculating quantitative melting reactions in systems with multiple solid solutions that accounts for changes in the mass proportions of phases between two points at different temperatures along a melting curve. This method can be applied to any data set that defines the phase proportions along a melting curve. The method yields the net change in mass proportion of all phases for the chosen melting interval, and gives an average reaction for the melting path. Instantaneous melting reactions can be approximated closely by choosing sufficiently small melting intervals. As an application of the method, reactions for melting of model upper mantle peridotite are calculated using data from the system CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-Na2O (CMASN) over the pressure interval 0.7 – 3.5 GPa. Throughout almost this entire pressure range, melting of model lherzolite involves the crystallization of one or more solid phases, and is analogous to melting at a peritectic invariant point. In addition, we show that melting reactions for small melting intervals (< 5%) along the solidus of mantle peridotite are significantly different from those calculated for large melting intervals. For large melting intervals (> 10%), reaction stoichiometries calculated in CMASN are usually in good agreement with those available for melting of natural peridotite. The coefficients of melting reactions calculated from this method can be used in equations that describe the behavior of trace elements during melting. We compare results from near-fractional melting models using (1) melting reactions and rock modes from CMASN, and (2) constant reactions representative of those used in the literature. In modeling trace element abundances in melt, significant differences arise for some elements at low degrees of melting (< 10%). In modeling element abundances in the residue, differences increase with increase in degree of melting. Reactions calculated along the model lherzolite solidus in CMASN are the only ones available at present for small degrees of melting so we recommend them for accurate trace element modeling of natural lherzolite.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(95)00148-6","usgsCitation":"Walter, M.J., Sisson, T.W., and Presnall, D.C., 1995, A mass proportion method for calculating melting reactions and application to melting of model upper mantle lherzolite: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 135, no. 1-4, p. 77-90, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(95)00148-6.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"90","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":418811,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"135","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walter, Michael J.","contributorId":204871,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walter","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":877252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sisson, Thomas W. 0000-0003-3380-6425 tsisson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3380-6425","contributorId":2341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sisson","given":"Thomas","email":"tsisson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":877253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Presnall, Dean C.","contributorId":299499,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Presnall","given":"Dean","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":877254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":30240,"text":"wri944082 - 1995 - Geohydrology and ground-water quality of east King County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:55","indexId":"wri944082","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4082","title":"Geohydrology and ground-water quality of east King County, Washington","docAbstract":"East King County is a 250-square-mile area east of Seattle underlain by as much as 1,200 feet of unconsolidated deposits of glacial and nonglacial origin. A surficial geology map and 12 geohydrologic sections were constructed and used to delineate 10 geohydrologic units, 4 of which are major aquifers. Annual precipitation over the study area averages 57 inches, of which 31 inches, or 413,000 acre-feet, enter the ground-water system as recharge. Some 98,500 acre-feet of ground water is estimated to discharge to surface water bodies each year, 9,540 acre-feet is discharged through springs, and 4,270 acre-feet is withdrawn from wells. The chemical quality of the ground water in east King County is typical of that in other areas of western Washington. The median dissolved-solids concen- tration of 124 samples analyzed was 115 milligrams per liter, and 95 percent of the water samples were classified as soft or moderately hard. The median nitrate concentration was 0.07 milligrams per liter, and no widespread nitrate contamination was apparent.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S.G.S. Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section, [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944082","usgsCitation":"Turney, G.L., Kahle, S.C., and Dion, N.P., 1995, Geohydrology and ground-water quality of east King County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4082, v, 123 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944082.","productDescription":"v, 123 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119485,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4082/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59012,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4082/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59013,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4082/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59014,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4082/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59015,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4082/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59016,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4082/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59017,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4082/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8d0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turney, G. L.","contributorId":95070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turney","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kahle, S. C.","contributorId":46992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kahle","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dion, N. P.","contributorId":33302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dion","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}