{"pageNumber":"1327","pageRowStart":"33150","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40904,"records":[{"id":25766,"text":"wri944131 - 1995 - Simulated ground-water flow and sources of water in the Killbuck Creek Valley near Wooster, Wayne County, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:13","indexId":"wri944131","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4131","title":"Simulated ground-water flow and sources of water in the Killbuck Creek Valley near Wooster, Wayne County, Ohio","docAbstract":"The stratified-drift aquifer in the 3,000-ft (feet)-wide and 100-ft-deep buried valley of Killbuck Creek near Wooster in northeastern Ohio was studied. The stratified drift with adjacent sandstone and shale bedrock produce a system of ground-water flow representative of the western part of the glaciated north-eastern United States. The stratified-drift aquifer is an excellent source of water for municipal and industrial wells. The aquifer is recharged locally by water from precipitation on the valley floor and uplands, by infiltration from streams, and by lateral flow to the valley from the uplands. As a result, the aquifer is vulnerable to surface or subsurface spills of contaminants in the valley or the adjacent uplands. Quality of water in the stratified drift is affected by influx of water from bedrock lateral to or beneath the valley. This influx is controlled, in part, by the pumping stress placed on the stratified-drift aquifer.\r\n\r\nHydrogeologic and aqueous-geochemical data were analyzed to establish the framework necessary for stead-state and transient simulations of ground-water flow in stratified drift and bedrock with a three-layer ground-water-flow model. A new model routine, the Variable-Recharge procedure, was developed to simulate areal recharge and the contribution of the uplands to the drift system. This procedure allows for water applied to land surface to infiltrate or to be rejected. Rejected recharge and ground water discharged when the water table is at land surface form surface runoff-this excess upland water can be redirected as runoff to other parts of the model.\r\n\r\nInfiltration of streamwater, areal recharge to uplands and valley, and lateral subsurface flow from the uplands to the valley are sources of water to the stratufued0druft aquifer. Water is removed from the stratified-drift aquifer at Wooster primarily by production wells pumping at a rate of approximately 8.5 ft3/s (cubic feet per second). The ground-water budget resulting from two types of simulations of ground-water flow in this study indicates the primary sources of water to the wells are recharge at or near land surface and lateral subsurface flow from the shale and sandstone bedrock. Components of recharge at land surface include induced infiltration from streams, precipitation on the valley floor, and infiltration of unchanneled upland runoff that reaches the valley floor.\r\n\r\nThe steady-state simulation was designed to represent conditions during the fall of 1984. The transient simulation was designed to represent an 11-day snowmelt event, 23 February to 5 March 1985, that caused water levels to rise significantly throughout the valley. Areal recharge to the valley and flow from the uplands to the valley were determined through the Variable-Recharge procedure. The total steady-state recharge to the valley was 12.5 ft3/s. Upland sources, areal valley recharge, and induced infiltration from Killnuck Creek accounted for 63, 23, and 8 percent, respectively, of the valley recharge.\r\n\r\nAn analysis of the simulated vertical flow to the buried stratified drift through surficial slit, clay, and fine sand indicates that about 75 percent of the total recharge to the buried deposits is the sum of areally extensive, relatively small flows less than about 0.01 ft? /s per model node), whereas about 25 percent of the recharge results from a really restricted, relatively large flows (greater than about 0.01 ft? /s per model node). The large-magnitude flows are located primarily beneath Clear and Little Killbuck Creeks where seepage provides abundant recharge and the surficial sediments grade into coarser alluvial-fan deposits.\r\n\r\nChemical and isotopic studies of ground water and streamwater combined with measurements of stream infiltration provide independent support for the conclusions derived from computer simulation of ground-water flow. In addition, the chemical and isotopic studies helped quantity the rate and pathways of infiltrating water from ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944131","usgsCitation":"Breen, K.J., Kontis, A., Rowe, G., and Haefner, R., 1995, Simulated ground-water flow and sources of water in the Killbuck Creek Valley near Wooster, Wayne County, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4131, vi, 104 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944131.","productDescription":"vi, 104 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157014,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4131/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54522,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4131/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f332a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breen, K. J.","contributorId":44176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breen","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kontis, A.L.","contributorId":69542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kontis","given":"A.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rowe, G.L.","contributorId":23978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"G.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haefner, R.J.","contributorId":72393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haefner","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":17956,"text":"ofr95573 - 1995 - Sea-floor spreading; a computer animation and paper model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:28","indexId":"ofr95573","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-573","title":"Sea-floor spreading; a computer animation and paper model","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS ESIC Open-File Report Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95573","usgsCitation":"Alpha, T.R., Galloway, J.P., and Bonito, M.V., 1995, Sea-floor spreading; a computer animation and paper model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-573, 35 p. ill. ;28 cm.; 1 computer disk ;3 1/2 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95573.","productDescription":"35 p. ill. ;28 cm.; 1 computer disk ;3 1/2 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151830,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0573/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":19344,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0573/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaee4b07f02db66c7bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alpha, Tau Rho","contributorId":63371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpha","given":"Tau","email":"","middleInitial":"Rho","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galloway, John P. jgallway@usgs.gov","contributorId":3345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"John","email":"jgallway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":178275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bonito, Mark V. mvbonito@usgs.gov","contributorId":668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonito","given":"Mark","email":"mvbonito@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":178274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":29029,"text":"wri944212 - 1995 - Hydrogeology, ground-water quality, and source of ground water causing water-quality changes in the Davis well field at Memphis, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-03T09:59:08","indexId":"wri944212","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4212","title":"Hydrogeology, ground-water quality, and source of ground water causing water-quality changes in the Davis well field at Memphis, Tennessee","docAbstract":"<p>An investigation was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey from 1992 to 1994 to collect and interpret hydrogeologic and water-quality data to determine the source of ground water causing water-quality changes in water from wells screened in the Memphis aquifer in the Davis well field at Memphis, Tennessee. Water-quality changes in aquifers used for water supply are of concern because these changes can indicate a potential for contamination of the aquifers by downward leakage from near-surface sources.</p>\n<p>The water-quality changes at the Davis well field were detected by Memphis Light, Gas and Water Division, which has periodically sampled and analyzed water from many of the 14 production wells since the well field began operation in 1971. Memphis Light, Gas and Water Division analyzed the water samples primarily for hardness, alkalinity, chloride, ulfate, and iron. Results of the e analy es and results of more recent (1992) analyse of water samples by the U.S. Geological Survey indicate that the quality of water from eight of the production wells has changed since the well field began operation. For example, from 1972 to 1991, hardness of water from one well has increased from 90 to 292 milligrams per liter (224 percent).</p>\n<p>The confining unit, which separates the fluvial deposits aquifer from the Memphis aquifer in the area of the well field, is relatively thick and contains many clay layers. However, a test hole drilled for one of five shallow wells installed in the alluvial aquifer in the Mississippi Alluvial Plain just west of the well field indicated that the confining unit separating the alluvial aquifer from the Memphis aquifer locally is absent. Differences in hydrauLic head between the alluvial and fluvial deposits aquifers and the Memphis aquifer favor downward leakage of ground water. Thus, the absence of the confining unit beneath the Mississippi Alluvial Plain just west of the well field provides a direct pathway for water in the alluvial aquifer to enter the Memphis aquifer.</p>\n<p>Comparison of selected water-quality properties and major inorganic and trace element constituent concentrations in samples from the alluvial, fluvial deposits, and Memphis aquifers indicates that the source of ground water causing waterquality changes at the Davis well field is the alluvial aquifer west of the well field . The presence of tritium and chlorofluorocarbons in water from wells screened in the Memphis aquifer in the western part of the well field indicates that relatively young (post-1940) water from the alluvial aquifer has entered the Memphis aquifer.</p>\n<p>NETPATH geochemical model code was used to mix waters from the alluvial aquifer with water from the Memphis aquifer using chloride as a conservative tracer. The resulting models indicated that a mixture containing 3 percent alluvial aquifer water mixed with 97 percent unaffected Memphis aquifer water would produce the chloride concentration measured in water from the Memphis aquifer well most affected by water-quality changes. NETPATH also was used to calculate mixing percentages of alluvial and Memphis aquifer Abstract waters based on changes in the concentrations of selected dissolved major inorganic and trace element constituents that define the dominant reactions that occur during mixing. These models indicated that a mixture containing 18 percent alluvial aquifer water and 82 percent unaffected Memphis aquifer water would produce the major constituent and trace element concentrations measured in water from the Memphis aquifer well most affected by water-quality changes. However, these model simulations predicted higher dissolved methane concentrations than were measured in water samples from the Memphis aquifer wells.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Memphis, TN","doi":"10.3133/wri944212","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Memphis, Memphis Light, Gas, and Water Division, and the University of Memphis","usgsCitation":"Parks, W., Mirecki, J.E., and Kingsbury, J.A., 1995, Hydrogeology, ground-water quality, and source of ground water causing water-quality changes in the Davis well field at Memphis, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4212, v, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944212.","productDescription":"v, 58 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":316464,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4212/report.pdf"},{"id":158882,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4212/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","county":"Shelby County","city":"Memphis","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.1603317260742,\n              34.99597251289618\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.1603317260742,\n              35.036743220175275\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.08857727050781,\n              35.036743220175275\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.08857727050781,\n              34.99597251289618\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.1603317260742,\n              34.99597251289618\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db6842e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parks, William S.","contributorId":25304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parks","given":"William S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mirecki, June E.","contributorId":93577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mirecki","given":"June","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kingsbury, James A. 0000-0003-4985-275X jakingsb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4985-275X","contributorId":883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kingsbury","given":"James","email":"jakingsb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":200820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":29939,"text":"wri954030 - 1995 - Geologic framework and hydrogeologic characteristics of the Edwards Aquifer recharge zone, Bexar County, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-16T14:44:15","indexId":"wri954030","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4030","title":"Geologic framework and hydrogeologic characteristics of the Edwards Aquifer recharge zone, Bexar County, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>In Bexar County, residential and commercial development on the Edwards aquifer recharge zone is increasing. The aquifer possibly can be contaminated by spills, leakage of hazardous materials, or runoff from the rapidly developing urban areas that surround, or are built on, the intensely faulted and fractured, karstic limestone outcrops characteristic of the recharge zone. Furthermore, some of the hydrogeologic subdivisions that compose the Edwards aquifer have greater effective porosity than others. The areas where the most porous subdivisions crop out might provide efficient avenues for contaminants to enter the aquifer.</p>\n<p>The Edwards aquifer recharge zone has relatively large permeability resulting, in part, from the development or redistribution of secondary porosity. Lithology, stratigraphy, diagenesis, and karstification account for the effective porosity and permeability in the Edwards aquifer outcrop. Karst features that greatly enhance effective porosity in the outcrop area include sinkholes and caves.</p>\n<p>Hydrogeologic subdivision VI, the Kirschberg evaporite member, appears to be the most porous and permeable subdivision within the Kainer Formation. Hydrogeologic subdivision HI, the leached and collapsed members, undivided, is the most porous and permeable subdivision within the Person Formation. Hydrogeologic subdivision II, the cyclic and marine members, undivided, is moderately permeable, with both fabric- and not-fabric-selective porosity.</p>\n<p>The faults in northern Bexar County are part of the Balcones fault zone. Although most of the faults in this area trend northeast, a smaller set of cross-faults trend northwest. Generally, the faults are en echelon and normal, with the downthrown blocks typically toward the coast.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri954030","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Antonio Water System","usgsCitation":"Stein, W., and Ozuna, G., 1995, Geologic framework and hydrogeologic characteristics of the Edwards Aquifer recharge zone, Bexar County, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4030, iii, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954030.","productDescription":"iii, 8 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science 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W.G.","contributorId":67931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"W.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ozuna, G. B.","contributorId":25205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ozuna","given":"G. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30240,"text":"wri944082 - 1995 - Geohydrology and ground-water quality of east King County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:55","indexId":"wri944082","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4082","title":"Geohydrology and ground-water quality of east King County, Washington","docAbstract":"East King County is a 250-square-mile area east of Seattle underlain by as much as 1,200 feet of unconsolidated deposits of glacial and nonglacial origin. A surficial geology map and 12 geohydrologic sections were constructed and used to delineate 10 geohydrologic units, 4 of which are major aquifers. Annual precipitation over the study area averages 57 inches, of which 31 inches, or 413,000 acre-feet, enter the ground-water system as recharge. Some 98,500 acre-feet of ground water is estimated to discharge to surface water bodies each year, 9,540 acre-feet is discharged through springs, and 4,270 acre-feet is withdrawn from wells. The chemical quality of the ground water in east King County is typical of that in other areas of western Washington. The median dissolved-solids concen- tration of 124 samples analyzed was 115 milligrams per liter, and 95 percent of the water samples were classified as soft or moderately hard. The median nitrate concentration was 0.07 milligrams per liter, and no widespread nitrate contamination was apparent.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S.G.S. Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section, [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944082","usgsCitation":"Turney, G.L., Kahle, S.C., and Dion, N.P., 1995, Geohydrology and ground-water quality of east King County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4082, v, 123 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944082.","productDescription":"v, 123 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119485,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4082/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59012,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4082/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59013,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4082/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59014,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4082/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59015,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4082/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59016,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4082/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59017,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4082/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8d0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turney, G. L.","contributorId":95070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turney","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kahle, S. C.","contributorId":46992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kahle","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dion, N. P.","contributorId":33302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dion","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":30303,"text":"wri944194 - 1995 - Water quality of storm runoff and comparison of procedures for estimating storm-runoff loads, volume, event-mean concentrations, and the mean load for a storm for selected properties and constituents for Colorado Springs, southeastern Colorado, 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-23T22:10:06.419017","indexId":"wri944194","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4194","title":"Water quality of storm runoff and comparison of procedures for estimating storm-runoff loads, volume, event-mean concentrations, and the mean load for a storm for selected properties and constituents for Colorado Springs, southeastern Colorado, 1992","docAbstract":"The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency requires that municipalities that have a population of 100,000 or greater obtain National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permits to characterize the quality of their storm runoff. In 1992, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Colorado Springs City Engineering Division, began a study to characterize the water quality of storm runoff and to evaluate procedures for the estimation of storm-runoff loads, volume and event-mean concentrations for selected properties and constituents.  Precipitation, streamflow, and water-quality data were collected during 1992 at five sites in Colorado Springs. Thirty-five samples were collected, seven at each of the five sites. At each site, three samples were collected for permitting purposes; two of the samples were collected during rainfall runoff, and one sample was collected during snowmelt runoff. Four additional samples were collected at each site to obtain a large enough sample size to estimate storm-runoff loads, volume, and event-mean concentrations for selected properties and constituents using linear-regression procedures developed using data from the Nationwide Urban Runoff Program (NURP). Storm-water samples were analyzed for as many as 186 properties and constituents. The constituents measured include total-recoverable metals, vola-tile-organic compounds, acid-base/neutral organic compounds, and pesticides.  Storm runoff sampled had large concentrations of chemical oxygen demand and 5-day biochemical oxygen demand. Chemical oxygen demand ranged from 100 to 830 milligrams per liter, and 5.-day biochemical oxygen demand ranged from 14 to 260 milligrams per liter. Total-organic carbon concentrations ranged from 18 to 240 milligrams per liter. The total-recoverable metals lead and zinc had the largest concentrations of the total-recoverable metals analyzed. Concentrations of lead ranged from 23 to 350 micrograms per liter, and concentrations of zinc ranged from 110 to 1,400 micrograms per liter.  The data for 30 storms representing rainfall runoff from 5 drainage basins were used to develop single-storm local-regression models. The response variables, storm-runoff loads, volume, and event-mean concentrations were modeled using explanatory variables for climatic, physical, and land-use characteristics. The r2 for models that use ordinary least-squares regression ranged from 0.57 to 0.86 for storm-runoff loads and volume and from 0.25 to 0.63 for storm-runoff event-mean concentrations. Except for cadmium, standard errors of estimate ranged from 43 to 115 percent for storm- runoff loads and volume and from 35 to 66 percent for storm-runoff event-mean concentrations. Eleven of the 30 concentrations collected during rainfall runoff for total-recoverable cadmium were censored (less than) concentrations. Ordinary least-squares regression should not be used with censored data; however, censored data can be included with uncensored data using tobit regression. Standard errors of estimate for storm-runoff load and event-mean concentration for total-recoverable cadmium, computed using tobit regression, are 247 and 171 percent.  Estimates from single-storm regional-regression models, developed from the Nationwide Urban Runoff Program data base, were compared with observed storm-runoff loads, volume, and event-mean concentrations determined from samples collected in the study area. Single-storm regional-regression models tended to overestimate storm-runoff loads, volume, and event-mean con-centrations. Therefore, single-storm local- and regional-regression models were combined using model-adjustment procedures to take advantage of the strengths of both models while minimizing the deficiencies of each model.  Procedures were used to develop single-stormregression equations that were adjusted using local data and estimates from single-storm regional-regression equations. Single-storm regression models developed using model- adjustment proce","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944194","usgsCitation":"Von Guerard, P., and Weiss, W.B., 1995, Water quality of storm runoff and comparison of procedures for estimating storm-runoff loads, volume, event-mean concentrations, and the mean load for a storm for selected properties and constituents for Colorado Springs, southeastern Colorado, 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4194, iv, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944194.","productDescription":"iv, 68 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":409620,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48067.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":59095,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4194/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159776,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4194/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Colorado Springs","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.69843282718571,\n              38.88682699005443\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.93694788093742,\n              38.88682699005443\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.93694788093742,\n              38.73893775339917\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.69843282718571,\n              38.73893775339917\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.69843282718571,\n              38.88682699005443\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ae7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Von Guerard, Paul","contributorId":40620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Von Guerard","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weiss, W. B.","contributorId":57506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiss","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":21386,"text":"ofr95123 - 1995 - Lake-level frequency analysis for Devils Lake, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T13:53:40","indexId":"ofr95123","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-123","title":"Lake-level frequency analysis for Devils Lake, North Dakota","docAbstract":"<p>Two approaches were used to estimate future lake-level probabilities for Devils Lake. The first approach is based on an annual lake-volume model, and the second approach is based on a statistical water mass-balance model that generates seasonal lake volumes on the basis of seasonal precipitation, evaporation, and inflow.</p><p>Autoregressive moving average models were used to model the annual mean lake volume and the difference between the annual maximum lake volume and the annual mean lake volume. Residuals from both models were determined to be uncorrelated with zero mean and constant variance. However, a nonlinear relation between the residuals of the two models was included in the final annual lake-volume model.</p><p>Because of high autocorrelation in the annual lake levels of Devils Lake, the annual lakevolume model was verified using annual lake-level changes. The annual lake-volume model closely reproduced the statistics of the recorded lake-level changes for 1901-93 except for the skewness coefficient However, the model output is less skewed than the data indicate because of some unrealistically large lake-level declines.</p><p>The statistical water mass-balance model requires as inputs seasonal precipitation, evaporation, and inflow data for Devils Lake. Analysis of annual precipitation, evaporation, and inflow data for 1950-93 revealed no significant trends or long-range dependence so the input time series were assumed to be stationary and short-range dependent.</p><p>Normality transformations were used to approximately maintain the marginal probability distributions; and a multivariate, periodic autoregressive model was used to reproduce the correlation structure. Each of the coefficients in the model is significantly different from zero at the 5-percent significance level. Coefficients relating spring inflow from one year to spring and fall inflows from the previous year had the largest effect on the lake-level frequency analysis.</p><p>Inclusion of parameter uncertainty in the model for generating precipitation, evaporation, and inflow indicates that the upper lake-level exceedance levels from the water mass-balance model are particularly sensitive to parameter uncertainty. The sensitivity in the upper exceedance levels was caused almost entirely by uncertainty in the fitted probability distributions of the quarterly inflows. A method was developed for using long-term streamflow data for the Red River of the North at Grand Forks to reduce the variance in the estimated mean. </p><p>Comparison of the annual lake-volume model and the water mass-balance model indicates the upper exceedance levels of the water mass-balance model increase much more rapidly than those of the annual lake-volume model. As an example, for simulation year 5, the 99-percent&nbsp;exceedance for the lake level is 1,417.6 feet above sea level for the annual lake-volume model and 1,423.2 feet above sea level for the water mass-balance model. The rapid increase is caused largely by the record precipitation and inflow in the summer and fall of 1993. Because the water mass-balance model produces lake-level traces that closely match the hydrology of Devils Lake, the water mass-balance model is superior to the annual lake-volume model for computing exceedance levels for the 50-year planning horizon.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95123","usgsCitation":"Wiche, G.J., and Vecchia, A.V., 1995, Lake-level frequency analysis for Devils Lake, North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-123, v, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95123.","productDescription":"v, 65 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":50956,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0123/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153984,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0123/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b42cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiche, Gregg J. gjwiche@usgs.gov","contributorId":1675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiche","given":"Gregg","email":"gjwiche@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":184332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vecchia, Aldo V. 0000-0002-2661-4401","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-4401","contributorId":41810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"Aldo","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26325,"text":"wri944256 - 1995 - Estimated availability of water from stratified-drift aquifers in the Concord River Basin, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:25","indexId":"wri944256","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4256","title":"Estimated availability of water from stratified-drift aquifers in the Concord River Basin, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Management, Office of Water Resources, studied the Concord River Basin to estimate the volume of water that is available from stratified-drift aquifers. A combined hydrograph-separation and streamflow- duration-curve analysis indicates that 20.8 million cubic feet of water can be withdrawn from the stratified-drift aquifer above the South Acton streamflow-gaging station during a 102-day period of no recharge before streamflow is reduced to a prescribed minimum level. This volume, which equaled 2.85 million cubic feet per square mile of strati- fied drift, was used to estimate volume of available water for the 17 aquifer areas in the Concord River Basin. The total volume of available water in the Concord River Basin is estimated to be 561 million cubic feet. Finite-difference ground-water-flow models for the River Meadow Brook aquifer area and the Sudbury and Concord aquifer area quantified the current and potential water availability. The results of three withdrawal simulations for each aquifer area indicate that the 1989 withdrawal rates do not exceed the volume of water available during a 102-day period of no recharge. Results from model simulations of 10- and 65-percent water-table draw- down at existing and hypothetical wells indicate that withdrawn water volumes would exceed the available water in the two aquifer areas.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S.G.S. Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944256","usgsCitation":"Bratton, L., and Parker, G.W., 1995, Estimated availability of water from stratified-drift aquifers in the Concord River Basin, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4256, iv, 35 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944256.","productDescription":"iv, 35 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2015,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri944256/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":118986,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_94_4256.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a326","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bratton, Lisa lbratton@usgs.gov","contributorId":362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bratton","given":"Lisa","email":"lbratton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":196184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parker, Gene W. gwparker@usgs.gov","contributorId":1392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"Gene","email":"gwparker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":196185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":25873,"text":"wri944257 - 1995 - Analysis of steady-state flow and advective transport in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer system, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:31","indexId":"wri944257","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4257","title":"Analysis of steady-state flow and advective transport in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer system, Idaho","docAbstract":"Quantitative estimates of ground-water flow directions and traveltimes for advective flow were developed for the regional aquifer system of the eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho. The work included: (1) descriptions of compartments in the aquifer that function as intermediate and regional flow systems, (2) descriptions of pathlines for flow originating at or near the water table, and (3) quantitative estimates of traveltimes for advective transport originating at or near the water table.  A particle-tracking postprocessing program was used to compute pathlines on the basis of output from an existing three-dimensional steady-state flow model. The flow model uses 1980 conditions to approximate average annual conditions for 1950-80.  The advective transport model required additional information about the nature of flow across model boundaries, aquifer thickness, and porosity. Porosity of two types of basalt strata has been reported for more than 1,500 individual cores from test holes, wells, and outcrops near the south side of the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. The central 80 percent of samples had porosities of 0.08 to 0.25, the central 50 percent of samples, O. 11 to 0.21.  Calibration of the model involved choosing a value for porosity that yielded the best solution. Two radiologic contaminants, iodine-129 and tritium, both introduced to the flow system about 40 years ago, are relatively conservative tracers. Iodine- 129 was considered to be more useful because of a lower analytical detection limit, longer half-life, and longer flow path. The calibration value for porosity was 0.21.  Most flow in the aquifer is contained within a regional-scale compartment and follows paths that discharge to the Snake River downstream from Milner Dam. Two intermediate-scale compartments exist along the southeast side of the aquifer and near Mud Lake.One intermediate-scale compartment along the southeast side of the aquifer discharges to the Snake River near American Fails Reservoir and covers an area of nearly 1,000 square miles. This compartment, which receives recharge from an area of intensive surface-water irrigation, is apparently fairly stable. The other intermediate-scale compartment near Mud Lake covers an area of 300 square miles. The stability and size of this compartment are uncertain, but are assumed to be in a state of change.  Traveltimes for advective flow from the water table to discharge points in the regional compartment ranged from 12 to 350 years for 80 percent of the particles; in the intermediate-scale flow compartment near American Falls Reservoir, from 7 to 60 years for 80 percent of the particles; and in the intermediate-scale compartment near Mud Lake, from 25 to 100 years for 80 percent of the particles.  Traveltimes are sensitive to porosity and assumptions regarding the importance of the strength of internal sinks, which represent ground-water pumpage. A decrease in porosity results in shorter traveltimes but not a uniform decrease in traveltime, because the porosity and thickness is different in each model layer. Most flow was horizontal and occurred in the top 500 feet of the aquifer.  An important limitation of the model is the assumption of steady-state flow. The most recent trend in the flow system has been a decrease in recharge since 1987 because of an extended drought and changes in land use. A decrease in flow through the system will result in longer traveltimes than those predicted for a greater flow. Because the interpretation of the model was limited to flow on a larger scale, and did not consider individual wells or well fields, the interpretations were not seriously limited by the discretization of well discharge.  The interpretations made from this model also were limited by the discretization of the major discharge areas. Near discharge areas, pathlines might not be representative at the resolution of the grid. Most      \t improvement in the estimates of ground-waterflow directions and travelt","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S.G.S. Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944257","usgsCitation":"Ackerman, D.J., 1995, Analysis of steady-state flow and advective transport in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer system, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4257, iv, 25 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944257.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4257/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54625,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4257/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db6801c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ackerman, D. J.","contributorId":53380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70185380,"text":"70185380 - 1995 - A Lagrangian stochastic model for aerial spray transport above an oak forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T10:46:11","indexId":"70185380","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":681,"text":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Lagrangian stochastic model for aerial spray transport above an oak forest","docAbstract":"<p>An aerial spray droplets' transport model has been developed by applying recent advances in Lagrangian stochastic simulation of heavy particles. A two-dimensional Lagrangian stochastic model was adopted to simulate the spray droplet dispersion in atmospheric turbulence by adjusting the Lagrangian integral time scale along the drop trajectory. The other major physical processes affecting the transport of spray droplets above a forest canopy, the aircraft wingtip vortices and the droplet evaporation, were also included in each time step of the droplets' transport.</p><p>The model was evaluated using data from an aerial spray field experiment. In generally neutral stability conditions, the accuracy of the model predictions varied from run-to-run as expected. The average root-mean-square error was 24.61 IU cm<sup>−2</sup>, and the average relative error was 15%. The model prediction was adequate in two-dimensional steady wind conditions, but was less accurate in variable wind condition. The results indicated that the model can simulate successfully the ensemble; average transport of aerial spray droplets under neutral, steady atmospheric wind conditions.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0168-1923(95)02221-I","usgsCitation":"Wang, Y., Miller, D.R., Anderson, D.E., and McManus, M.L., 1995, A Lagrangian stochastic model for aerial spray transport above an oak forest: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 76, no. 3-4, p. 277-291, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1923(95)02221-I.","productDescription":"15 p. ","startPage":"277","endPage":"291","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337943,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b92e4b0236b68f8290c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Yansen","contributorId":189613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Yansen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, David R.","contributorId":189614,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Dean E. deander@usgs.gov","contributorId":662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Dean","email":"deander@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":685391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McManus, Michael L.","contributorId":189612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McManus","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":30390,"text":"wri944072 - 1995 - Subsurface recharge to the Tesuque aquifer system from selected drainage basins along the western side of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains near Santa Fe, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:07","indexId":"wri944072","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4072","title":"Subsurface recharge to the Tesuque aquifer system from selected drainage basins along the western side of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains near Santa Fe, New Mexico","docAbstract":"Water budgets developed for basins of five streams draining the western side of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains in northern New Mexico indicate that subsurface inflow along the mountain front is recharging the Tesuque aquifer system of the Espanola Basin. Approximately 14,700 acre-feet of water per year, or 12.7 percent of average annual precipitation over the mountains, is calculated to leave the mountain block and enter the basin as subsurface recharge from the drainage basins of the Rio Nambe, Rio en Medio, Tesuque Creek, Little Tesuque Creek, and Santa Fe River. About 5,520 acre- feet per year, or about 12 percent of average annual precipitation, is calculated to enter from the Rio Nambe drainage basin; about 1,710 acre- feet per year, or about 15 percent of average annual precipitation, is calculated to enter from the Rio en Medio drainage basin; about 1,530 acre- feet, or about 10 percent of average annual precipi- tation, is calculated to enter from the Tesuque Creek drainage basin; about 1,790 acre-feet, or about 19 percent of average annual precipitation, is calculated to enter from the Little Tesuque Creek drainage basin; and about 4,170 acre-feet per year, or about 12 percent average annual precipitation, is calculated to enter from the Santa Fe River drainage basin. Calculated subsurface recharge values were used to define maximum fluxes permitted along the specified-flux boundary defining the mountain front of the Sangre De Cristo Mountains in a numerical computer model of the Tesuque aquifer system near Santa Fe, New Mexico.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944072","usgsCitation":"Wasiolek, M., 1995, Subsurface recharge to the Tesuque aquifer system from selected drainage basins along the western side of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains near Santa Fe, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4072, vi, 57 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944072.","productDescription":"vi, 57 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160949,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4072/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59166,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4072/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6999dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wasiolek, Maryann","contributorId":57901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wasiolek","given":"Maryann","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":19228,"text":"ofr95288 - 1995 - Direct solution package based on alternating diagonal ordering for the U.S. Geological Survey modular finite-difference ground-water flow model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:28","indexId":"ofr95288","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-288","title":"Direct solution package based on alternating diagonal ordering for the U.S. Geological Survey modular finite-difference ground-water flow model","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS ESIC--Open-File Report Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95288","usgsCitation":"Harbaugh, A.W., 1995, Direct solution package based on alternating diagonal ordering for the U.S. Geological Survey modular finite-difference ground-water flow model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-288, vi, 46 p. ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95288.","productDescription":"vi, 46 p. ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151985,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0288/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48688,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0288/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64abe4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harbaugh, Arlen W. harbaugh@usgs.gov","contributorId":426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harbaugh","given":"Arlen","email":"harbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":180523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27563,"text":"wri924154 - 1995 - Geohydrology and water quality of stratified-drift aquifers in the Contoocook River basin, south-central New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:42","indexId":"wri924154","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4154","title":"Geohydrology and water quality of stratified-drift aquifers in the Contoocook River basin, south-central New Hampshire","docAbstract":"Stratified-drift aquifers discontinuously underlie 121 mi2 (square miles) of the Contoocook River Basin, which has a total drainage area of 776 mi2. Maps of these aquifers, showing water-table configurations, saturated thicknesses, and transmissivities were prepared from well and test-hole data and seismic-refraction profiles. The distribution of stratified-drift aquifers is largely controlled by the Pleistocene glaciation process and the formation of multiple glacial lakes along the main stem of the Contoocook River. Locally, saturated thickness of stratified drift within these aquifers are as great as 200 feet. Estimated transmissivities exceed 8,000 ft2/d (squared feet per day) at three locations and is as high as 22,800 ft2/d at one location. Stratified-drift aquifers that have the greatest potential to supply additional amounts of water include the aquifers at Greenfield-Otter Brook and Hancock-Norway Pond. Potential yields to hypothetical supply wells were estimated for the Greenfield-Otter Brook, Hillsborough-Contoocook River, and Andover- Blackwater River aquifers by use of a analytical ground-water-flow model. The model results predict that the potential yields are greatest from the Greenfield-Otter Brook aquifer, yielding up to 1.85 gallons per day during half-year periods of no recharge. The effective ground-water recharge to the entire basin, which includes recharge to the till, bedrock, and stratified drift, is 13.9 in./yr (inches per year) (521 million gallons per day) on the basis of hydrograph separation of streamflow. The quality of water obtained from 11 observation wells and 10 municipal supply wells is generally suitable for drinking and most other domestic purposes. Ground water in the region has low alkalinity, is slightly acidic, and has low concentrations of dissolved solids. Concentrations of dissolved constituents in ground-water samples were generally less than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's primary and secondary maximum contaminant levels except for elevated iron concentrations (in water from six wells) and manganese concentrations in water from seven wells.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S.G.S. Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri924154","usgsCitation":"Harte, P., and Johnson, W., 1995, Geohydrology and water quality of stratified-drift aquifers in the Contoocook River basin, south-central New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4154, 1 v. (various pagings) :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm. [PGS - 255 p.], https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924154.","productDescription":"1 v. (various pagings) :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm. [PGS - 255 p.]","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123590,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4154/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56420,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4154/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56421,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4154/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56422,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4154/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56423,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4154/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56424,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4154/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8b95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harte, P. T. 0000-0002-7718-1204","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7718-1204","contributorId":36143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harte","given":"P. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, William","contributorId":72033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29400,"text":"wri934171 - 1995 - Hydrogeology and results of tracer tests at the old Tampa well field in Hillsborough County, with implications for wellhead-protection strategies in west-central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:02","indexId":"wri934171","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4171","title":"Hydrogeology and results of tracer tests at the old Tampa well field in Hillsborough County, with implications for wellhead-protection strategies in west-central Florida","docAbstract":"Wellhead-protection strategies were evaluated for the Upper Floridan aquifer of west-central Florida using the old Tampa well field in northeastern Hillsborough County, Florida, as a test site. The upper 400 feet of the Upper Floridan aquifer responded to pumping as an equivalent, porous medium for a range of discharge rates from 450 to 1,000 gallons per minute. Transmissivity and storage coefficient values determined for the Upper Floridan aquifer were 23,000 feet squared per day and 0.0001, respectively. Rock cores from the Upper Floridan aquifer have effective porosity values from 21 to 46 percent. Tracer tests were conducted using a fluorescent dye. A bimodal distribution of tracer arrival times indicates ground-water flow through a dual porosity system. Analysis of tracer test results an effective porosity of 25 percent and a longitudinal dispersivity of 1.3 feet for the aquifer matrix. A numerical aquifer-simulation equivalent porous media model of the Upper Floridan aquifer was calibrated using results of aquifer tests. A particle-tracking program was used to simulate the matrix flow groundwater travel time measured with the fluorescent dye tracer test. An evaluation of wellhead-protection strategies was conducted using the particle-tracking program to simulate areas of contribution from the aquifer matrix. The results of this study demonstrate the heterogeneity of the Upper Floridan aquifer. Because of this heterogeneity, the use of uniform porosity models to delineate time-related areas of wellhead protection in the karst Upper Floridan aquifer is inappropriate; however, ground-water movement in the aquifer matrix can be simulated with uniform porosity models.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934171","usgsCitation":"Robinson, J., 1995, Hydrogeology and results of tracer tests at the old Tampa well field in Hillsborough County, with implications for wellhead-protection strategies in west-central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4171, vi, 63 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934171.","productDescription":"vi, 63 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123584,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4171/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58252,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4171/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db62542a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, J.L.","contributorId":13283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70185314,"text":"70185314 - 1995 - Estimating 14C groundwater ages in a methanogenic aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T09:05:19","indexId":"70185314","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Estimating <sup>14</sup>C groundwater ages in a methanogenic aquifer","title":"Estimating 14C groundwater ages in a methanogenic aquifer","docAbstract":"<p><span>This paper addresses the problem of&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>C age dating of groundwaters in a confined regional aquifer affected by methanogenesis. Increasing CH</span><sub>4</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations along the groundwater flow system and<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>13</sup><span>C and<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>14</sup><span>C isotopic data for dissolved inorganic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, and CH</span><sub>4</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>clearly show the effect of methanogenesis on groundwater chemistry. Inverse reaction path modeling using NETPATH indicates the predominant geochemical reactions controlling the chemical evolution of groundwater in the aquifer are incongruent dissolution of dolomite, ion exchange, methanogenesis, and oxidation of sedimentary organic matter. Modeling of groundwater<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>14</sup><span>C ages using NETPATH indicates that a significant part of groundwater in the Alliston aquifer is less than 13,000 years old; however, older groundwater in the range of 15,000–23,000 years is also present in the aquifer. This paper demonstrates that 14C ages calculated using NETPATH, incorporating the effects of methanogenesis on the carbon pools, provide reasonable groundwater ages that were not possible by other isotopic methods.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/95WR01271","usgsCitation":"Aravena, R., Wassenaar, L.I., and Plummer, N., 1995, Estimating 14C groundwater ages in a methanogenic aquifer: Water Resources Research, v. 31, no. 9, p. 2307-2317, https://doi.org/10.1029/95WR01271.","productDescription":"11 p. ","startPage":"2307","endPage":"2317","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337855,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d0ea1ee4b0236b68f6739b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aravena, Ramon ","contributorId":189546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aravena","given":"Ramon ","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wassenaar, Leonard I","contributorId":150277,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wassenaar","given":"Leonard","email":"","middleInitial":"I","affiliations":[{"id":17954,"text":"International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":685138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70185381,"text":"70185381 - 1995 - Geometry of sorbed arsenate on ferrihydrite and crystalline FeOOH: Re-evaluation of EXAFS results and topological factors in predicting sorbate geometry, and evidence for monodentate complexes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-21T13:25:12","indexId":"70185381","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geometry of sorbed arsenate on ferrihydrite and crystalline FeOOH: Re-evaluation of EXAFS results and topological factors in predicting sorbate geometry, and evidence for monodentate complexes","docAbstract":"<p>Manceau's (1995) reinterpretation of some of our EXAFS results (Waychunas et al., 1993) has been analyzed using both old and newly collected data in an attempt to clarify the nature of proposed monodentate and edge-sharing bidentate arsenate complexes on the ferrihydrite surface. It is shown that EXAFS analysis utilizing data with sufficient <i>k</i>-range does indicate the presence of relatively short AsFe bonds, suggestive of an edge-sharing complex as indicated by Manceau (1995). However, a variety of data analysis factors and crystal chemical considerations create doubt in this assignment. Most significantly, X-ray scattering data collected on a sample of ferrihydrite with a large density of sorbed arsenate, which should show a substantial fraction of the edge-sharing complex, does not show any such correlation within fitting uncertainty. We also suggest that it is unnecessary to invoke the presence of edge-sharing bidentate arsenate to explain the surface growth poisoning of ferrihydrite with increasing sorbed arsenate, as Manceau (1995) claims.</p><p>Further, we show that a model based on the topology of close packed oxygen ions offers a clear explanation why monodentate arsenate should appear on some surfaces and not on others, and why differing AsFe distances might be observed on a single surface with a single type of complex. This model also explains why bidentate sorbed arsenate can occupy positions with consistent “tilt” angles. Without such consistency, the sorbed arsenate would be highly positionally disordered, and difficult to detect accurately via EXAFS methods.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(95)00276-6","usgsCitation":"Waychunas, G.A., Davis, J., and Fuller, C.C., 1995, Geometry of sorbed arsenate on ferrihydrite and crystalline FeOOH: Re-evaluation of EXAFS results and topological factors in predicting sorbate geometry, and evidence for monodentate complexes: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 59, no. 17, p. 3655-3661, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(95)00276-6.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"3655","endPage":"3661","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479208,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(95)00276-6","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337944,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b93e4b0236b68f82912","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waychunas, Glenn A.","contributorId":189615,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Waychunas","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, James A.","contributorId":69289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"James A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, Christopher C. 0000-0002-2354-8074 ccfuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2354-8074","contributorId":1831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Christopher","email":"ccfuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":19067,"text":"ofr9576 - 1995 - Preliminary results of modeling the gravity anomaly field in the upper San Pedro Basin, southeastern Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:24","indexId":"ofr9576","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-76","title":"Preliminary results of modeling the gravity anomaly field in the upper San Pedro Basin, southeastern Arizona","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr9576","usgsCitation":"Gettings, M.E., and Houser, B.B., 1995, Preliminary results of modeling the gravity anomaly field in the upper San Pedro Basin, southeastern Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-76, 9 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9576.","productDescription":"9 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151069,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0076/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":19355,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0076/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":19356,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0076/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":19357,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0076/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":19358,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0076/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":19359,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0076/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":48508,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0076/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aade4b07f02db66b293","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gettings, M. E.","contributorId":25148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gettings","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houser, Brenda B.","contributorId":20772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houser","given":"Brenda","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70185382,"text":"70185382 - 1995 - Gross-beta activity in ground water: natural sources and artifacts of sampling and laboratory analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-17T15:23:29.393021","indexId":"70185382","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gross-beta activity in ground water: natural sources and artifacts of sampling and laboratory analysis","docAbstract":"<p>Gross-beta activity has been used as an indicator of beta-emitting isotopes in water since at least the early 1950s. Originally designed for detection of radioactive releases from nuclear facilities and weapons tests, analysis of gross-beta activity is widely used in studies of naturally occurring radioactivity in ground water. Analyses of about 800 samples from 5 ground-water regions of the United States provide a basis for evaluating the utility of this measurement. The data suggest that measured gross-beta activities are due to (1) long-lived radionuclides in ground water, and (2) ingrowth of beta-emitting radionuclides during holding times between collection of samples and laboratory measurements.</p><p>Although<sup>40</sup>K and<sup>228</sup>Ra appear to be the primary sources of beta activity in ground water, the sum of<sup>40</sup>K plus<sup>228</sup>Ra appears to be less than the measured gross-beta activity in most ground-water samples. The difference between the contribution from these radionuclides and gross-beta activity is most pronounced in ground water with gross-beta activities &gt; 10 pCi/L, where these 2 radionuclides account for less than one-half the measured ross-beta activity. One exception is groundwater from the Coastal Plain of New Jersey, where<sup>40</sup>K plus<sup>228</sup>Ra generally contribute most of the gross-beta activity. In contrast,<sup>40</sup>K and<sup>228</sup>Ra generally contribute most of beta activity in ground water with gross-beta activities &lt; 1 pCi/L.</p><p>The gross-beta technique does not measure all beta activity in ground water. Although<sup>3</sup>H contributes beta activity to some ground water, it is driven from the sample before counting and therefore is not detected by gross-beta measurements. Beta-emitting radionuclides with half-lives shorter than a few days can decay to low values between sampling and counting. Although little is known about concentrations of most short-lived beta-emitting radionuclides in environmental ground water (water unaffected by direct releases from nuclear facilities and weapons tests), their activities are expected to be low.</p><p>Ingrowth of beta-emitting radionuclides during sample holding times can contribute to gross-beta activity, particularly in ground water with gross-beta activities &gt; 10 pCi/L. Ingrowth of beta-emitting progeny of<sup>238</sup>U, specifically<sup>234</sup>Pa and<sup>234</sup>Th, contributes much of the measured gross-beta activity in ground water from 4 of the 5 areas studied. Consequently, gross-beta activity measurements commonly overestimate the abundance of beta-emitting radionuclides actually present in ground water. Differing sample holding times before analysis lead to differing amounts of ingrowth of the two progeny. Therefore, holding times can affect observed gross-beta measurements, particularly in ground water with<sup>238</sup>U activities that are moderate to high compared with the activity of<sup>40</sup>K plus<sup>228</sup>Ra. Uncertainties associated with counting efficiencies for beta particles with different energies further complicate the interpretation of gross-beta measurements.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0883-2927(95)00020-8","usgsCitation":"Welch, A., Szabo, Z., Parkhurst, D.L., Van Metre, P.C., and Mullin, A.H., 1995, Gross-beta activity in ground water: natural sources and artifacts of sampling and laboratory analysis: Applied Geochemistry, v. 10, no. 5, p. 491-503, https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(95)00020-8.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"491","endPage":"503","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337945,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b93e4b0236b68f82910","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welch, Alan H.","contributorId":45286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"Alan H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Szabo, Zoltan 0000-0002-0760-9607 zszabo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-9607","contributorId":138827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Zoltan","email":"zszabo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parkhurst, David L. 0000-0003-3348-1544 dlpark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3348-1544","contributorId":1088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"David","email":"dlpark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Van Metre, Peter C. 0000-0001-7564-9814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7564-9814","contributorId":211144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mullin, Ann H. ahmullin@usgs.gov","contributorId":2188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullin","given":"Ann","email":"ahmullin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":814583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":27471,"text":"wri944219 - 1995 - Analysis of ground-water flow in the Catahoula aquifer system in the vicinity of Laurel and Hattiesburg, Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:26","indexId":"wri944219","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4219","title":"Analysis of ground-water flow in the Catahoula aquifer system in the vicinity of Laurel and Hattiesburg, Mississippi","docAbstract":"The upper, middle, and lower Catahoula aquifers in the vicinity of the cites of Laurel and Hattiesburg in southern Mississippi are made up of irregular, discontinuous sand zones in the Catahoula Formation of Miocene age. In places thee three aquifers may be hydraulically well connected, and are referred to as the Catahoula aquifer system. Withdrawal from the Catahoula aquifers increased from 28 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) to 41 Mgal/d during 1970 to 1985, and decreased to 38 Mgal/d during 1990. Most withdrawal in the Laurel area is from the lower and middle Catahoula, and most withdrawal in the Hattiesburg  area is from the middle and upper Catahoula aquifers. In the Laurel area, water levels in selected wells in the lower Catahoula aquifer declined at rates ranging from about 1 to 3.6 feet/ year until the late 1980's in response to the increase in pumping. A three-dimensional model was developed to represent ground-water flow in the Catahoula aquifers. Simulated water levels in the lower Catahoula aquifer, the layer most affected by pumping, were lowered from predevelopment levels as much as 130 feet in the Laurel area and 100 feet in the Hattiesburg area, according to the model analysis of 1992 conditions. Three scenarios of increased pumpage, for the period 1992-2020, were simulated. Under the low-growth scenario, water- level declines would be 20 feet or less below 1992 water levels in the middle and upper Catahoula aquifer in the Hattiesburg area, and about 60 feet in the lower Catahoula aquifer in the Laurel area. Under the moderate-growth scenario, water-level declines would be 40 feet or less below 1992 water levels in the middle Catahoula aquifer in the Hattiesburg area. Water-level declines would be about 110 feet in the lower Catahoula aquifer in the Laurel area, and water levels would approach the top of the aquifer. Under the high-growth scenario, water-level declines would be 40 feet or less in the upper Catahoula aquifer and about 80 feet in the middle Catahoula, with the largest declines occurring in the Hattiesburg area. Water levels would decline about 130 feet and would be drawn down below the top of the lower Catahoula aquifer in the Laurel area under the high-growth scenario.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944219","usgsCitation":"Halford, K.J., and Barber, N.L., 1995, Analysis of ground-water flow in the Catahoula aquifer system in the vicinity of Laurel and Hattiesburg, Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4219, v, 73 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944219.","productDescription":"v, 73 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124017,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4219/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56325,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4219/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db6803cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halford, K. J. 0000-0002-7322-1846","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7322-1846","contributorId":61077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halford","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barber, N. L.","contributorId":7731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70185356,"text":"70185356 - 1995 - State-dependent anisotrophy: Comparison of quasi-analytical solutions with stochastic results for steady gravity drainage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T09:49:12","indexId":"70185356","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"State-dependent anisotrophy: Comparison of quasi-analytical solutions with stochastic results for steady gravity drainage","docAbstract":"<p><span>Anisotropy in large-scale unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of layered soils changes with the moisture state. Here, state-dependent anisotropy is computed under conditions of large-scale gravity drainage. Soils represented by Gardner's exponential function are perfectly stratified, periodic, and inclined. Analytical integration of Darcy’s law across each layer results in a system of nonlinear equations that is solved iteratively for capillary suction at layer interfaces and for the Darcy flux normal to layering. Computed fluxes and suction profiles are used to determine both upscaled hydraulic conductivity in the principal directions and the corresponding “state-dependent” anisotropy ratio as functions of the mean suction. Three groups of layered soils are analyzed and compared with independent predictions from the stochastic results of Yeh et al. (1985b). The small-perturbation approach predicts appropriate behaviors for anisotropy under nonarid conditions. However, the stochastic results are limited to moderate values of mean suction; this limitation is linked to a Taylor series approximation in terms of a group of statistical and geometric parameters. Two alternative forms of the Taylor series provide upper and lower bounds for the state-dependent anisotropy of relatively dry soils.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/95WR00790","usgsCitation":"Green, T.R., and Freyberg, D.L., 1995, State-dependent anisotrophy: Comparison of quasi-analytical solutions with stochastic results for steady gravity drainage: Water Resources Research, v. 31, no. 9, p. 2201-2211, https://doi.org/10.1029/95WR00790.","productDescription":"11 p. ","startPage":"2201","endPage":"2211","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337917,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b93e4b0236b68f82916","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Green, Timothy R.","contributorId":93587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freyberg, David L.","contributorId":189597,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freyberg","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29619,"text":"wri944211 - 1995 - Effect of the Cedar River on the quality of the ground-water supply for Cedar Rapids, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-09T22:54:20.267928","indexId":"wri944211","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4211","title":"Effect of the Cedar River on the quality of the ground-water supply for Cedar Rapids, Iowa","docAbstract":"<p>The Surface Water Treatment Rule under the 1986 Amendment to the Safe Drinking Water Act requires that public-water supplies be evaluated for susceptibility to surface-water effects. The alluvial aquifer adjacent to the Cedar River is evaluated for biogenic material and monitored for selected water-quality properties and constituents to determine the effect of surface water on the water supply for the City of Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Results from monitoring of selected water-quality properties and constituents showed an inverse relation to river stage or discharge. Water-quality properties and constituents of the alluvial aquifer changed as water flowed from the river to the municipal well as a result of drawdown. The values of specific conductance, pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen at observation well CRM-4 and municipal well Seminole 10 generally follow the trends of values for the Cedar River. Values at observation well CRM-3 and the municipal water-treatment plant showed very little correlation with values from the river. The traveltime of water through the aquifer could be an indication of the susceptibility of the alluvial aquifer to surface-water effects. Estimated traveltimes from the Cedar River to municipal well Seminole 10 ranged from 7 to 17 days.</p>\n<p>Above-normal streamflow and precipitation during the study could have increased the effect the river had on the alluvial aquifer and on the possibility of contamination by a pathogen. Microscopic particulate analysis of 29 samples found no <i>Giardia</i> cysts or <i>Crytosporidium</i> oocysts in water collected from municipal wells. Data also indicate that the aquifer is filtering out large numbers of algae, diatoms, rotifers, and nematodes as well as filtering out <i>Cryptosporidium</i>, <i>Giardia</i>, and other protozoa. The number of algae, diatoms, rotifers, protozoa, and vegetative debris for selected municipal wells tested showed at least a reduction to 1 per 1,000 of the number found in the river. A relative risk factor and a log-reduction rate were determined for the aquifer in the vicinity of selected wells. One municipal well had a high-risk factor, three other wells had a moderate-risk factor, and four wells had a low-risk factor. The filtering efficiency of the aquifer is equivalent to a 3 log-reduction rate or 99.99-percent reduction in particulates.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City, IA","doi":"10.3133/wri944211","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Cedar Rapids, Iowa","usgsCitation":"Schulmeyer, P., 1995, Effect of the Cedar River on the quality of the ground-water supply for Cedar Rapids, Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4211, v, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944211.","productDescription":"v, 68 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":424246,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48080.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":122754,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4211/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58442,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4211/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","city":"Cedar Rapids","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.7959213256836,\n              41.95336258301847\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.7959213256836,\n              42.07478160216737\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.6366195678711,\n              42.07478160216737\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.6366195678711,\n              41.95336258301847\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.7959213256836,\n              41.95336258301847\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db6254a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schulmeyer, P.M.","contributorId":17208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulmeyer","given":"P.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30002,"text":"wri944223 - 1995 - Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow in the Eutaw-McShan aquifer and in the Tuscaloosa aquifer system in northeastern Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-14T18:33:38.551861","indexId":"wri944223","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4223","title":"Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow in the Eutaw-McShan aquifer and in the Tuscaloosa aquifer system in northeastern Mississippi","docAbstract":"The Eutaw-McShan aquifer and Tuscaloosa aquifer system in northeastern Mississippi were investi- gated to better understand the hydrogeology and the ground-water flow in and between the aquifers. A numerical model was developed to simulate ground- water flow for prepumping and pumping conditions, and model simulatons projected the possible effects of increased ground-water withdrawals. The five aquifers studied, from youngest to oldest, are the Eutaw-McShan, Gordo, Coker, massive sand, and the Lower Cretaceous aquifers. The finite-difference computer code MODFLOW was used to represent the flow system. The model grid covers 33,440 square miles, primarily in northeastern Mississippi, but includes parts of northwestern Alabama, southwestern Tennessee, and eastern Arkansas. A comparison of the simulated predevelopment and 1992 potentiometric surfaces for the aquifers shows an overall water- level decline. Simulated water levels declined an average of 53 and 44 feet in the confined parts of the Eutaw-McShan and Gordo aquifers, respectively. However, the area near Tupelo had a significant rise in water levels due to decreased pumpage from the Eutaw-McShan and Gordo aquifers compared to the simulated potentiometric surface for 1978.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944223","usgsCitation":"Strom, E.W., and Mallory, M.J., 1995, Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow in the Eutaw-McShan aquifer and in the Tuscaloosa aquifer system in northeastern Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4223, vi, 83 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944223.","productDescription":"vi, 83 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":58808,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4223/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":121828,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4223/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":414116,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48090.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Eutaw-McShan aquifer, Tuscaloosa aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.6436,\n              34.9133\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.6436,\n              32.4958\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.7056,\n              32.4958\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.7056,\n              34.9133\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.6436,\n              34.9133\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db6252dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Strom, E. W.","contributorId":90776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strom","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mallory, M. J.","contributorId":10398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mallory","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29831,"text":"wri944167 - 1995 - A hydrogeologic approach to identify land uses that overlie ground-water flow paths, Broward County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:54","indexId":"wri944167","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4167","title":"A hydrogeologic approach to identify land uses that overlie ground-water flow paths, Broward County, Florida","docAbstract":"A hydrogeologic approach that integrates the use of hydrogeologic and spatial tools aids in the identification of land uses that overlie ground- water flow paths and permits a better understanding of ground-water flow systems. A mathematical model was used to simulate the ground-water flow system in Broward County, particle-tracking software was used to determine flow paths leading to the monitor wells in Broward County, and a Geographic Information System was used to identify which land uses overlie the flow paths. A procedure using a geographic information system to evaluate the output from a ground-water flow model has been documented. The ground-water flow model was used to represent steady-state conditions during selected wet- and dry-season months, and an advective flow particle- tracking program was used to simulate the direction of ground-water flow in the aquifer system. Digital spatial data layers were created from the particle pathlines that lead to the vicinity of the open interval of selected wells in the Broward County ground-water quality monitoring network. Buffer zone data layers were created, surrounding the particle pathlines to represent the area of contribution to the water sampled from the monitor wells. Spatial data layers, combined with a land-use data layer, were used to identify the land uses that overlie the ground-water flow paths leading to the monitor wells. The simulation analysis was performed on five Broward County wells with different hydraulic parameters to determine the source of ground-water stress, determine selected particle pathlines, and identify land use in buffer zones in the vicinity of the wells. The flow paths that lead to the grid cells containing wells G-2355, G-2373, and G-2373A did not vary between the wet- and dry-season conditions. Changes in the area of contribution for wells G-2345X and G-2369 were attributed to variations in rainfall patterns, well-field pumpage, and surface-water management practices. Additionally, using a different open interval at a site, such as for wells G-2373 and G-2373A, can result in a very different area that overlies the flow path leading to the monitor well.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944167","usgsCitation":"Sonenshein, R., 1995, A hydrogeologic approach to identify land uses that overlie ground-water flow paths, Broward County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4167, iv, 59 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944167.","productDescription":"iv, 59 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124240,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4167/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58628,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4167/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae0ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sonenshein, R.S.","contributorId":10415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonenshein","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":35241,"text":"b2118 - 1995 - GEOPLAY; a knowledge-based expert system; a model for exploration play analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:34","indexId":"b2118","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2118","title":"GEOPLAY; a knowledge-based expert system; a model for exploration play analysis","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/b2118","usgsCitation":"Miller, B., 1995, GEOPLAY; a knowledge-based expert system; a model for exploration play analysis: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2118, iv, 53 p. ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2118.","productDescription":"iv, 53 p. ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":167400,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2118/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":63120,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2118/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b16f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Betty M.","contributorId":92231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Betty M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":214308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70246310,"text":"70246310 - 1995 - Teleseismic tomography of the Loma Prieta Earthquake Region, California: Implications for strain partitioning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-30T17:24:44.480017","indexId":"70246310","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-15T12:15:56","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Teleseismic tomography of the Loma Prieta Earthquake Region, California: Implications for strain partitioning","docAbstract":"<p><span>From teleseismic travel times we derive three-dimensional velocity models of the upper 71 km in the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake region, central California. Shallow crustal structure is consistent with local-earthquake tomography. Horizontal velocity gradients at all depths suggest that the San Andreas fault was a deep shear locus, at least at one time. A large low-velocity feature near the Moho beneath Loma Prieta probably is caused by a crustal root. Two low-velocity features at about 45–70 km depth are offset right-laterally along the San Andreas by about 45 km. Cooling of this portion of the upper mantle [</span><i>Furlong et al.,</i><span>&nbsp;1989] could have frozen in displacements in this region within a few million years after passage of the Mendocino Triple Junction. These results are consistent with&nbsp;</span><i>Furlong et al.'s</i><span>&nbsp;model.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/95GL01601","usgsCitation":"Takauchi, Y., and Evans, J.R., 1995, Teleseismic tomography of the Loma Prieta Earthquake Region, California: Implications for strain partitioning: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 22, no. 16, p. 2203-2206, https://doi.org/10.1029/95GL01601.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"2203","endPage":"2206","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":418660,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.37937587396601,\n              38.26107361339473\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.37937587396601,\n              36.3520641025833\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.05804415719149,\n              36.3520641025833\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.05804415719149,\n              38.26107361339473\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.37937587396601,\n              38.26107361339473\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Takauchi, Y.","contributorId":315546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Takauchi","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":876779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, John R. jrevans@usgs.gov","contributorId":529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"John","email":"jrevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":876780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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