We ran finite‐difference earthquake simulations for great subduction zone earthquakes in Cascadia to model the effects of source and path heterogeneity for the purpose of improving strong‐motion predictions. We developed a rupture model for large subduction zone earthquakes based on a k−2 slip spectrum and scale‐dependent rise times by representing the slip distribution as the sum of normal modes of a vibrating membrane.
Finite source and path effects were important in determining the distribution of strong motions through the locations of the hypocenter, subevents, and crustal structures like sedimentary basins. Some regions in Cascadia appear to be at greater risk than others during an event due to the geometry of the Cascadia fault zone relative to the coast and populated regions. The southern Oregon coast appears to have increased risk because it is closer to the locked zone of the Cascadia fault than other coastal areas and is also in the path of directivity amplification from any rupture propagating north to south in that part of the subduction zone, and the basins in the Puget Sound area are efficiently amplified by both north and south propagating ruptures off the coast of western Washington. We find that the median spectral accelerations at 5 s period from the simulations are similar to that of the Zhao et al. (2006) ground‐motion prediction equation, although our simulations predict higher amplitudes near the region of greatest slip and in the sedimentary basins, such as the Seattle basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120130181","usgsCitation":"Delorey, A., Frankel, A.D., Liu, P., and Stephenson, W.J., 2014, Modeling the effects of source and path heterogeneity on ground motions of great earthquakes on the Cascadia Subduction Zone Using 3D simulations: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 104, no. 3, p. 1430-1446, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120130181.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1430","endPage":"1446","ipdsId":"IP-048872","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344264,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59770754e4b0ec1a48889fb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Delorey, Andrew","contributorId":189149,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Delorey","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frankel, Arthur D. 0000-0001-9119-6106 afrankel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9119-6106","contributorId":146285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"Arthur","email":"afrankel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, Pengcheng","contributorId":63522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Pengcheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stephenson, William J. 0000-0001-8699-0786 wstephens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8699-0786","contributorId":695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"William","email":"wstephens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70187372,"text":"70187372 - 2014 - Roosting and foraging social structure of the endangered Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-01T12:52:58","indexId":"70187372","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Roosting and foraging social structure of the endangered Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis)","docAbstract":"Social dynamics are an important but poorly understood aspect of bat ecology. Herein we use a combination of graph theoretic and spatial approaches to describe the roost and social network characteristics and foraging associations of an Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) maternity colony in an agricultural landscape in Ohio, USA. We tracked 46 bats to 50 roosts (423 total relocations) and collected 2,306 foraging locations for 40 bats during the summers of 2009 and 2010. We found the colony roosting network was highly centralized in both years and that roost and social networks differed significantly from random networks. Roost and social network structure also differed substantially between years. Social network structure appeared to be unrelated to segregation of roosts between age classes. For bats whose individual foraging ranges were calculated, many shared foraging space with at least one other bat. Compared across all possible bat dyads, 47% and 43% of the dyads showed more than expected overlap of foraging areas in 2009 and 2010 respectively. Colony roosting area differed between years, but the roosting area centroid shifted only 332 m. In contrast, whole colony foraging area use was similar between years. Random roost removal simulations suggest that Indiana bat colonies may be robust to loss of a limited number of roosts but may respond differently from year to year. Our study emphasizes the utility of graphic theoretic and spatial approaches for examining the sociality and roosting behavior of bats. Detailed knowledge of the relationships between social and spatial aspects of bat ecology could greatly increase conservation effectiveness by allowing more structured approaches to roost and habitat retention for tree-roosting, socially-aggregating bat species.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0096937","usgsCitation":"Silvis, A., Kniowski, A.B., Gehrt, S.D., and Ford, W.M., 2014, Roosting and foraging social structure of the endangered Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis): PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 5, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0096937.","productDescription":"e96937; 12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","ipdsId":"IP-055294","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473033,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0096937","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340674,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","county":"Pickaway County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-82.8243,39.7945],[-82.8374,39.6494],[-82.8344,39.6494],[-82.8407,39.5823],[-82.843,39.5615],[-82.8251,39.5606],[-82.7314,39.5549],[-82.736,39.5105],[-82.7366,39.5046],[-82.7372,39.5],[-82.7377,39.4969],[-82.7406,39.4678],[-82.8241,39.4722],[-82.8282,39.4722],[-82.8485,39.473],[-82.8539,39.4735],[-82.8843,39.4747],[-82.8908,39.4756],[-82.8932,39.4752],[-82.9087,39.476],[-82.9171,39.4765],[-82.9713,39.479],[-82.9981,39.4798],[-82.997,39.4843],[-82.9946,39.4884],[-82.9928,39.4893],[-82.9905,39.4907],[-82.9887,39.4911],[-82.9857,39.4907],[-82.9797,39.4907],[-82.978,39.4935],[-82.978,39.5007],[-82.9822,39.5066],[-82.9852,39.5075],[-82.9912,39.5065],[-83.0979,39.5093],[-83.2673,39.516],[-83.2525,39.6952],[-83.2499,39.7301],[-83.2436,39.8131],[-83.1854,39.8089],[-83.0381,39.8056],[-82.8243,39.7945]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Pickaway\",\"state\":\"OH\"}}]}","volume":"9","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59084932e4b0fc4e448ffd7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Silvis, Alexander","contributorId":171585,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Silvis","given":"Alexander","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":26923,"text":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, VA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":693762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kniowski, Andrew B.","contributorId":191558,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kniowski","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":33131,"text":"Dept of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":693763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gehrt, Stanley D.","contributorId":114061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gehrt","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ford, W. Mark wford@usgs.gov","contributorId":3858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"W.","email":"wford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":693635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70133273,"text":"70133273 - 2014 - Climate, not atmospheric deposition, drives the biogeochemical mass-balance of a mountain watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-21T17:29:18.638532","indexId":"70133273","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":866,"text":"Aquatic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate, not atmospheric deposition, drives the biogeochemical mass-balance of a mountain watershed","docAbstract":"Watershed mass-balance methods are valuable tools for demonstrating impacts to water quality from atmospheric deposition and chemical weathering. Owen Bricker, a pioneer of the mass-balance method, began applying mass-balance modeling to small watersheds in the late 1960s and dedicated his career to expanding the literature and knowledge of complex watershed processes. We evaluated long-term trends in surface-water chemistry in the Loch Vale watershed, a 660-ha. alpine/subalpine catchment located in Rocky Mountain National Park, CO, USA. Many changes in surface-water chemistry correlated with multiple drivers, including summer or monthly temperature, snow water equivalent, and the runoff-to-precipitation ratio. Atmospheric deposition was not a significant causal agent for surface-water chemistry trends. We observed statistically significant increases in both concentrations and fluxes of weathering products including cations, SiO2, SO4 2−, and ANC, and in inorganic N, with inorganic N being primarily of atmospheric origin. These changes are evident in the individual months June, July, and August, and also in the combined June, July, and August summer season. Increasingly warm summer temperatures are melting what was once permanent ice and this may release elements entrained in the ice, stimulate chemical weathering with enhanced moisture availability, and stimulate microbial nitrification. Weathering rates may also be enhanced by sustained water availability in high snowpack years. Rapid change in the flux of weathering products and inorganic N is the direct and indirect result of a changing climate from warming temperatures and thawing cryosphere.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10498-013-9199-2","usgsCitation":"Baron, J., and Heath, J., 2014, Climate, not atmospheric deposition, drives the biogeochemical mass-balance of a mountain watershed: Aquatic Geochemistry, v. 20, no. 2-3, p. 167-181, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10498-013-9199-2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"181","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-046111","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473026,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10498-013-9199-2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296065,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Loch Vale Watershed, Rock Mountain National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.1444091796875,\n 39.977120098439634\n ],\n [\n -106.1444091796875,\n 40.701463603604594\n ],\n [\n -105.3424072265625,\n 40.701463603604594\n ],\n [\n -105.3424072265625,\n 39.977120098439634\n ],\n [\n -106.1444091796875,\n 39.977120098439634\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5465d62fe4b04d4b7dbd6584","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baron, Jill S. 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill S.","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":524986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heath, Jared","contributorId":127392,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heath","given":"Jared","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6935,"text":"Natural Resources Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":524987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70148110,"text":"70148110 - 2014 - Interacting effects of discharge and channel morphology on transport of semibuoyant fish eggs in large, altered river systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-03T11:11:16","indexId":"70148110","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interacting effects of discharge and channel morphology on transport of semibuoyant fish eggs in large, altered river systems","docAbstract":"Habitat fragmentation and flow regulation are significant factors related to the decline and extinction of freshwater biota. Pelagic-broadcast spawning cyprinids require moving water and some length of unfragmented stream to complete their life cycle. However, it is unknown how discharge and habitat features interact at multiple spatial scales to alter the transport of semi-buoyant fish eggs. Our objective was to assess the relationship between downstream drift of semi-buoyant egg surrogates (gellan beads) and discharge and habitat complexity. We quantified transport time of a known quantity of beads using 2–3 sampling devices at each of seven locations on the North Canadian and Canadian rivers. Transport time was assessed based on median capture time (time at which 50% of beads were captured) and sampling period (time period when 2.5% and 97.5% of beads were captured). Habitat complexity was assessed by calculating width:depth ratios at each site, and several habitat metrics determined using analyses of aerial photographs. Median time of egg capture was negatively correlated to site discharge. The temporal extent of the sampling period at each site was negatively correlated to both site discharge and habitat-patch dispersion. Our results highlight the role of discharge in driving transport times, but also indicate that higher dispersion of habitat patches relates to increased retention of beads within the river. These results could be used to target restoration activities or prioritize water use to create and maintain habitat complexity within large, fragmented river systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0096599","usgsCitation":"Worthington, T.A., Brewer, S.K., Farless, N., Grabowski, T.B., and Gregory, M.S., 2014, Interacting effects of discharge and channel morphology on transport of semibuoyant fish eggs in large, altered river systems: PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 5, e96599: 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0096599.","productDescription":"e96599: 9 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050833","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473030,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0096599","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":301017,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Canadian River, North Canadian River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.964599609375,\n 34.994003757575776\n ],\n [\n -99.964599609375,\n 36.712467243386264\n ],\n [\n -95.965576171875,\n 36.712467243386264\n ],\n [\n -95.965576171875,\n 34.994003757575776\n ],\n [\n -99.964599609375,\n 34.994003757575776\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5570253ce4b0d9246a9fd1a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Worthington, Thomas A.","contributorId":140662,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Worthington","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brewer, Shannon K. 0000-0002-1537-3921 skbrewer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1537-3921","contributorId":2252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brewer","given":"Shannon","email":"skbrewer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farless, Nicole","contributorId":141040,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farless","given":"Nicole","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grabowski, Timothy B. 0000-0001-9763-8948 tgrabowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9763-8948","contributorId":4178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grabowski","given":"Timothy","email":"tgrabowski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gregory, Mark S.","contributorId":141058,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gregory","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70103270,"text":"70103270 - 2014 - Spatial and temporal trends in occurrence of emerging and legacy contaminants in the Lower Columbia River 2008-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-14T15:59:04","indexId":"70103270","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-30T14:55:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal trends in occurrence of emerging and legacy contaminants in the Lower Columbia River 2008-2010","docAbstract":"The Lower Columbia River in Oregon and Washington, USA, is an important resource for aquatic and terrestrial organisms, agriculture, and commerce. An 86-mile stretch of the river was sampled over a 3 year period in order to determine the spatial and temporal trends in the occurrence and concentration of water-borne organic contaminants. Sampling occurred at 10 sites along this stretch and at 1 site on the Willamette River using the semipermeable membrane device (SPMD) and the polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) passive samplers. Contaminant profiles followed the predicted trends of lower numbers of detections and associated concentrations in the rural areas to higher numbers and concentrations at the more urbanized sites. Industrial chemicals, plasticizers, and PAHs were present at the highest concentrations. Differences in concentrations between sampling periods were related to the amount of rainfall during the sampling period. In general, water concentrations of wastewater-related contaminants decreased and concentrations of legacy contaminants slightly increased with increasing rainfall amounts.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.128","usgsCitation":"Alvarez, D.A., Perkins, S.D., Nilsen, E.B., and Morace, J.L., 2014, Spatial and temporal trends in occurrence of emerging and legacy contaminants in the Lower Columbia River 2008-2010: Science of the Total Environment, v. 484, p. 322-330, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.128.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"322","endPage":"330","numberOfPages":"9","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-045561","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286824,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286823,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.128"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon;Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.09,45.54 ], [ -124.09,49.35 ], [ -117.6,49.35 ], [ -117.6,45.54 ], [ -124.09,45.54 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"484","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53620d53e4b0c409c6289a34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alvarez, David A. 0000-0002-6918-2709 dalvarez@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6918-2709","contributorId":1369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"David","email":"dalvarez@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perkins, Stephanie D. sperkins@usgs.gov","contributorId":2745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"Stephanie","email":"sperkins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":493221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nilsen, Elena B. 0000-0002-0104-6321 enilsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0104-6321","contributorId":923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nilsen","given":"Elena","email":"enilsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morace, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-8132-4044 jlmorace@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8132-4044","contributorId":945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morace","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlmorace@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70103280,"text":"70103280 - 2014 - Assessing reproductive and endocrine parameters in male largescale suckers (Catostomus macrocheilus) along a contaminant gradient in the lower Columbia River, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-08T09:10:41","indexId":"70103280","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-30T14:51:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing reproductive and endocrine parameters in male largescale suckers (Catostomus macrocheilus) along a contaminant gradient in the lower Columbia River, USA","docAbstract":"Persistent organochlorine pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p′-DDE), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are stable, bioaccumulative, and widely found in the environment, wildlife, and the human population. To explore the hypothesis that reproduction in male fish is associated with environmental exposures in the lower Columbia River (LCR), reproductive and endocrine parameters were studied in male resident, non-anadromous largescale sucker (Catostomus macrocheilus) (LSS) in the same habitats as anadromous salmonids having conservation status. Testes, thyroid tissue and plasma collected in 2010 from Longview (LV), Columbia City (CC), and Skamania (SK; reference) were studied. Sperm morphologies and thyrocyte heights were measured by light microscopy, sperm motilities by computer-assisted sperm motion analysis, sperm adenosine triphosphate (ATP) with luciferase, and plasma vitellogenin (VTG), thyroxine (T4), and triiodothyronine (T3) by immunoassay. Sperm apoptosis, viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, nuclear DNA fragmentation, and reproductive stage were measured by flow cytometry. Sperm quality parameters (except counts) and VTG were significantly different among sites, with correlations between VTG and 7 sperm parameters. Thyrocyte heights, T4, T3, gonadosomatic index and Fulton's condition factor differed among sites, but not significantly. Sperm quality was significantly lower and VTG higher where liver contaminants and water estrogen equivalents were highest (LV site). Total PCBs (specifically PCB-138, -146, -151, -170, -174, -177, -180, -183, -187, -194, and -206) and total PBDEs (specifically BDE-47, -100, -153, and -154) were negatively correlated with sperm motility. PCB-206 and BDE-154 were positively correlated with DNA fragmentation, and pentachloroanisole and VTG were positively correlated with sperm apoptosis and negatively correlated with ATP. BDE-99 was positively correlated with sperm counts and motility; T4 was negatively correlated with counts and positively correlated with motility, thus indicating possible androgenic mechanisms and thyroid endocrine disruption. Male LSS proved to be an informative model for studying reproductive and endocrine biomarkers in the LCR.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.097","usgsCitation":"Jenkins, J.A., Olivier, H., Draugelis-Dale, R., Eilts, B., Torres, L., Patiño, R., Nilsen, E.B., and Goodbred, S.L., 2014, Assessing reproductive and endocrine parameters in male largescale suckers (Catostomus macrocheilus) along a contaminant gradient in the lower Columbia River, USA: Science of the Total Environment, v. 484, p. 365-378, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.097.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"365","endPage":"378","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-046167","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473034,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/05h140jb","text":"External Repository"},{"id":286822,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286801,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.097"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon;Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.09,45.54 ], [ -124.09,49.35 ], [ -117.6,49.35 ], [ -117.6,45.54 ], [ -124.09,45.54 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"484","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53620d4fe4b0c409c6289a24","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.097","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.097","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Jenkins J.A., Olivier H.M., Draugelis-Dale R.O., Eilts B.E., Torres L., Patiño R., Nilsen E., Goodbred S.L.","journalName":"Science of The Total Environment","publicationDate":"6/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jenkins, Jill A. 0000-0002-5087-0894 jenkinsj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5087-0894","contributorId":2710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Jill","email":"jenkinsj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olivier, H.M.","contributorId":70690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olivier","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Draugelis-Dale, R. 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Our objectives were to determine (1) whether temporal trends in lake-water clarity existed across this large geographic area and (2) whether trends were related to the lake-specific characteristics of latitude, lake size, or time period the lake was monitored. Our database consisted of >140,000 individual Secchi observations from 3,251 lakes that we summarized per lake-year, resulting in 21,020 summer averages. Using Bayesian hierarchical modeling, we found approximately a 1% per year increase in water clarity (quantified as Secchi depth) for the entire population of lakes. On an individual lake basis, 7% of lakes showed increased water clarity and 4% showed decreased clarity. Trend direction and strength were related to latitude and median sample date. Lakes in the southern part of our study-region had lower average annual summer water clarity, more negative long-term trends, and greater inter-annual variability in water clarity compared to northern lakes. Increasing trends were strongest for lakes with median sample dates earlier in the period of record (1938–2012). Our ability to identify specific mechanisms for these trends is currently hampered by the lack of a large, multi-thematic database of variables that drive water clarity (e.g., climate, land use/cover). Our results demonstrate, however, that citizen science can provide the critical monitoring data needed to address environmental questions at large spatial and long temporal scales. Collaborations among citizens, research scientists, and government agencies may be important for developing the data sources and analytical tools necessary to move toward an understanding of the factors influencing macro-scale patterns such as those shown here for lake water clarity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0095769","usgsCitation":"Lottig, N.R., Wagner, T., Henry, E.N., Cheruvelil, K.S., Webster, K.E., Downing, J.A., and Stow, C., 2014, Long-term citizen-collected data reveal geographical patterns and temporal trends in lake water clarity: PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 4, e95769; 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0095769.","productDescription":"e95769; 8 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053624","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473035,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0095769","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":324211,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, 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\"}}]}","volume":"9","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576bb6b7e4b07657d1a228f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lottig, Noah R.","contributorId":172031,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lottig","given":"Noah","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wagner, Tyler 0000-0003-1726-016X twagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1726-016X","contributorId":1050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Tyler","email":"twagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henry, Emily 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A.","contributorId":169033,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Downing","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6626,"text":"University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":640317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stow, Craig A.","contributorId":49733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stow","given":"Craig A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70103170,"text":"sir20145035 - 2014 - U.S. Geological Survey Karst Interest Group Proceedings, Carlsbad, New Mexico, April 29-May 2, 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-26T12:40:18","indexId":"sir20145035","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-29T14:56:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5035","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Karst Interest Group Proceedings, Carlsbad, New Mexico, April 29-May 2, 2014","docAbstract":"Karst aquifer systems are present throughout parts of the United States and some of its territories, and have developed in carbonate rocks (primarily limestone and dolomite) that span an interval of time encompassing more than 550 million years. The depositional environments, diagenetic processes, post-depositional tectonic events, and geochemical weathering processes that form karst aquifers are varied and complex, and involve biological, chemical, and physical changes. These factors, combined with the diverse climatic regimes under which karst development in these rocks has taken place, result in the unique dual- or triple-porosity nature of karst aquifers. These complex hydrogeologic systems typically represent challenging and unique conditions to scientists attempting to study groundwater flow and contaminant transport in these terrains.
The dissolution of carbonate rocks and the subsequent development of distinct and beautiful landscapes, caverns, and springs has resulted in the most exceptional karst areas of the United States being designated as national or state parks; commercial caverns and known privately owned caves number in the tens of thousands. Both public and private properties provide access for scientists to study the flow of groundwater in situ. Likewise, the range and complexity of landforms and groundwater flow systems associated with karst terrains are enormous, perhaps more than for any other aquifer type. Karst aquifers and landscapes that form in tropical areas, such as the cockpit karst along the north coast of Puerto Rico, differ greatly from karst landforms in more arid climates, such as the Edwards Plateau in west-central Texas or the Guadalupe Mountains near Carlsbad, New Mexico, where hypogenic processes have played a major role in speleogenesis. Many of these public and private lands also contain unique flora and fauna associated with these karst hydrogeologic systems. As a result, numerous federal, state, and local agencies have a strong interest in the study of karst terrains.
Many of the major springs and aquifers in the United States have developed in carbonate rocks, such as the Floridan aquifer system in Florida and parts of Alabama, Georgia, and South Carolina; the Ozark Plateaus aquifer system in parts of Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma; and the Edwards-Trinity aquifer system in west-central Texas. These aquifers, and the springs that discharge from them, serve as major water-supply sources and as unique ecological habitats. Competition for the water resources of karst aquifers is common, and urban development and the lack of attenuation of contaminants in karst areas can impact the ecosystem and water quality of these aquifers.
The concept for developing a platform for interaction among scientists within the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) working on karst-related studies evolved from the November 1999 National Ground-Water Meeting of the USGS. As a result, the Karst Interest Group (KIG) was formed in 2000. The KIG is a loose-knit, grass-roots organization of USGS and non-USGS scientists and researchers devoted to fostering better communication among scientists working on, or interested in, karst science. The primary mission of the KIG is to encourage and support interdisciplinary collaboration and technology transfer among scientists working in karst areas. Additionally, the KIG encourages collaborative studies between the different mission areas of the USGS as well as other federal and state agencies, and with researchers from academia and institutes. The KIG also encourages younger scientists by participation of students in the poster and oral sessions.
To accomplish its mission, the KIG has organized a series of workshops that are held near nationally important karst areas. To date (2014) six KIG workshops, including the workshop documented in this report, have been held. The workshops typically include oral and poster sessions on selected karst-related topics and research, as well as field trips to local karst features. Proceedings of the workshops are published by the USGS and are available online at http://water.usgs.gov/ogw/karst/kig.
The first KIG workshop was held in St. Petersburg, Florida, February 13–16, 2001, in the vicinity of the large springs and other karst features of the Floridan aquifer system. The second KIG workshop was held August 20–22, 2002, in Shepherdstown, West Virginia, in proximity to the carbonate aquifers of the northern Shenandoah Valley and highlighted an invited presentation on karst literature by the late Barry F. Beck of P.E. LaMoreaux and Associates. The third KIG workshop was held September 12–15, 2005, in Rapid City, South Dakota, nearby to karst features in evaporites and limestones of the Madison Group in the Black Hills of South Dakota, including Wind Cave National Park and Jewel Cave National Monument. The workshop also included a featured presentation by Thomas Casadevall, Central Region Director, USGS, on the status of earth science at the USGS and evening trips to Jewel Cave led by Mike Wiles, National Park Service (NPS) and Wind Cave led by Rod Horrocks, NPS. The fourth KIG workshop was held May 27–29, 2008, and hosted by the Hoffman Environmental Research Institute and Center for Cave and Karst Studies at Western Kentucky University in Bowling Green, Kentucky, near Mammoth Cave National Park and karst features of the Chester Upland and Pennyroyal Plateau. The workshop featured a late-night field trip into Mammoth Cave with Rickard Toomey and Rick Olsen, NPS. The fifth workshop was held April 26–29, 2011, and was a joint meeting of the USGS KIG and University of Arkansas HydroDays, hosted by the Department of Geosciences at the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville. The workshop featured an outstanding field trip to the unique karst terrain along the Buffalo National River of the southern Ozarks and a keynote presentation on paleokarst in the United States by Art and Peggy Palmer.
This sixth and current 2014 KIG workshop is hosted by the National Cave and Karst Research Institute (NCKRI) in Carlsbad, New Mexico, with Director of NCKRI, George Veni, serving as co-chair of the workshop with Eve Kuniansky, USGS. The session planning committee for this sixth workshop includes Van Brahana, USGS retired and University of Arkansas Professor Emeritus; Tom Byl, USGS and Tennessee State University; Zelda Bailey, former Director of NCKRI and retired Director, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder Laboratory, Colorado; Patrick Tucci, USGS retired; and Mike Bradley, Allan Clark, Geoff Delin, Daniel Doctor, James Kaufmann, Eve Kuniansky, Randy Orndorff, Larry Spangler, and Dave Weary of the USGS. The karst hydrology field trip on Thursday will be led by Lewis Land (NCKRI karst hydrologist) and the optional Friday field trip on the geology of Carlsbad Caverns National Park will be led by George Veni. The keynote speaker is Dr. Penelope Boston, Director of Cave and Karst Studies at New Mexico Tech, Socorro, and Academic Director at NCKRI, who will address the future of karst research. Additionally, there is a featured presentation “Irish karst and its management,” by Caoimhe Hickey, The Geological Survey of Ireland, preceding a panel discussion on “Collaboration During Times of Limited Resources.”
The extended abstracts of USGS authors were peer reviewed and approved for publication by the U.S. Geological Survey. Articles submitted by university researchers and other federal and state agencies did not go through the formal USGS peer review and approval process, and therefore may not adhere to our editorial standards or stratigraphic nomenclature and is not research conducted or data collected by the USGS. However, all articles had at a minimum of two peer reviews, and all articles were edited for consistency of appearance in the published Proceedings. The use of trade, firm or product names in any article is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The USGS, Office of Groundwater, provides technical support for the Karst Interest Group website and public availability of the Proceedings from these workshops, and the USGS Groundwater Resources Program funds the publication costs. Finally, the cover illustration is the work of Ann Tihansky, USGS, used since the first KIG workshop in 2000.
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Prepared in cooperation with the National Cave and Karst Research Institute","usgsCitation":"Kuniansky, E.L., and Spangler, L.E., 2014, U.S. Geological Survey Karst Interest Group Proceedings, Carlsbad, New Mexico, April 29-May 2, 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5035, iv, 155 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145035.","productDescription":"iv, 155 p.","numberOfPages":"162","ipdsId":"IP-054730","costCenters":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286782,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5035/sir2014-5035.pdf"},{"id":286783,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145035.jpg"},{"id":286773,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5035/"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5360bbd2e4b082a3ecf53dce","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kuniansky, Eve L. 0000-0002-5581-0225 elkunian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5581-0225","contributorId":932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuniansky","given":"Eve","email":"elkunian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5064,"text":"Southeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509842,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spangler, Lawrence E. 0000-0003-3928-8809 spangler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3928-8809","contributorId":973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spangler","given":"Lawrence","email":"spangler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509843,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Kuniansky, Eve L. 0000-0002-5581-0225 elkunian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5581-0225","contributorId":932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuniansky","given":"Eve","email":"elkunian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5064,"text":"Southeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spangler, Lawrence E. 0000-0003-3928-8809 spangler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3928-8809","contributorId":973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spangler","given":"Lawrence","email":"spangler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70103033,"text":"ofr20141086 - 2014 - 1964 Great Alaska Earthquake: a photographic tour of Anchorage, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-29T12:54:25","indexId":"ofr20141086","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-29T12:43:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1086","title":"1964 Great Alaska Earthquake: a photographic tour of Anchorage, Alaska","docAbstract":"On March 27, 1964, at 5:36 p.m., a magnitude 9.2 earthquake, the largest recorded earthquake in U.S. history, struck southcentral Alaska (fig. 1). The Great Alaska Earthquake (also known as the Good Friday Earthquake) occurred at a pivotal time in the history of earth science, and helped lead to the acceptance of plate tectonic theory (Cox, 1973; Brocher and others, 2014). All large subduction zone earthquakes are understood through insights learned from the 1964 event, and observations and interpretations of the earthquake have influenced the design of infrastructure and seismic monitoring systems now in place. The earthquake caused extensive damage across the State, and triggered local tsunamis that devastated the Alaskan towns of Whittier, Valdez, and Seward. In Anchorage, the main cause of damage was ground shaking, which lasted approximately 4.5 minutes. Many buildings could not withstand this motion and were damaged or collapsed even though their foundations remained intact. More significantly, ground shaking triggered a number of landslides along coastal and drainage valley bluffs underlain by the Bootlegger Cove Formation, a composite of facies containing variably mixed gravel, sand, silt, and clay which were deposited over much of upper Cook Inlet during the Late Pleistocene (Ulery and others, 1983). Cyclic (or strain) softening of the more sensitive clay facies caused overlying blocks of soil to slide sideways along surfaces dipping by only a few degrees.
\nThis guide is the document version of an interactive web map that was created as part of the commemoration events for the 50th anniversary of the 1964 Great Alaska Earthquake. It is accessible at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Alaska Science Center website: http://alaska.usgs.gov/announcements/news/1964Earthquake/. The website features a map display with suggested tour stops in Anchorage, historical photographs taken shortly after the earthquake, repeat photography of selected sites, scanned documents, and small-scale maps, as well as links to slideshows of additional photographs and Google Street View™ scenes. Buildings in Anchorage that were severely damaged, sites of major landslides, and locations of post-earthquake engineering responses are highlighted. The web map can be used online as a virtual tour or in a physical self-guided tour using a web-enabled Global Positioning System (GPS) device. This publication serves the purpose of committing most of the content of the web map to a single distributable document. As such, some of the content differs from the online version.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141086","usgsCitation":"Thoms, E.E., Haeussler, P.J., Anderson, R., and McGimsey, R.G., 2014, 1964 Great Alaska Earthquake: a photographic tour of Anchorage, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1086, vi, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141086.","productDescription":"vi, 48 p.","numberOfPages":"58","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-056501","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286768,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141086.jpg"},{"id":286765,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1086/"},{"id":286767,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1086/pdf/ofr2014-1086.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Anchorage","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.45,51.21 ], [ 172.45,71.72 ], [ -129.99,71.72 ], [ -129.99,51.21 ], [ 172.45,51.21 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4910e4b0b290850eed99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thoms, Evan E. ethoms@usgs.gov","contributorId":4819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thoms","given":"Evan","email":"ethoms@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Rebecca 0000-0001-6988-6311 rdanderson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6988-6311","contributorId":5925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Rebecca","email":"rdanderson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":113,"text":"Alaska Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGimsey, Robert G. 0000-0001-5379-7779 mcgimsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5379-7779","contributorId":2352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGimsey","given":"Robert","email":"mcgimsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70099606,"text":"ds834 - 2014 - Sediment data collected in 2010 from Cat Island, Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-29T10:09:27","indexId":"ds834","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-29T10:03:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"834","title":"Sediment data collected in 2010 from Cat Island, Mississippi","docAbstract":"Scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, in collaboration with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, conducted geophysical and sedimentological surveys in 2010 around Cat Island, Mississippi, which is the westernmost island in the Mississippi-Alabama barrier island chain. The objective of the study was to understand the geologic evolution of Cat Island relative to other barrier islands in the northern Gulf of Mexico by identifying relationships between the geologic history, present day morphology, and sediment distribution.
\nThis data series serves as an archive of terrestrial and marine sediment vibracores collected August 4-6 and October 20-22, 2010, respectively. Geographic information system data products include marine and terrestrial core locations and 2007 shoreline data. Additional files include marine and terrestrial core description logs, core photos, results of sediment grain-size analyses, optically stimulated luminescence dating and carbon-14 dating locations and results, Field Activity Collection System logs, and formal Federal Geographic Data Committee metadata.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds834","usgsCitation":"Buster, N.A., Kelso, K.W., Miselis, J.L., and Kindinger, J.L., 2014, Sediment data collected in 2010 from Cat Island, Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 834, HTML document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds834.","productDescription":"HTML document","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051487","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286757,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds834.GIF"},{"id":286755,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0834/"},{"id":286756,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0834/ds834_abstract.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Cat Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.6004,29.8299 ], [ -89.6004,30.5008 ], [ -88.5265,30.5008 ], [ -88.5265,29.8299 ], [ -89.6004,29.8299 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5360bbd1e4b082a3ecf53dca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buster, Noreen A. 0000-0001-5069-9284 nbuster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5069-9284","contributorId":3750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buster","given":"Noreen","email":"nbuster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelso, Kyle W. 0000-0003-0615-242X kkelso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0615-242X","contributorId":4307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelso","given":"Kyle","email":"kkelso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miselis, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-4925-3979 jmiselis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4925-3979","contributorId":3914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miselis","given":"Jennifer","email":"jmiselis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kindinger, Jack L. jkindinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindinger","given":"Jack","email":"jkindinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":491979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70047331,"text":"70047331 - 2014 - Foodweb transfer, sediment transport, and biological impacts of emerging and legacy organic contaminants in the lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, USA: Contaminants and Habitat (ConHab) Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-29T11:24:17","indexId":"70047331","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-29T09:11:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foodweb transfer, sediment transport, and biological impacts of emerging and legacy organic contaminants in the lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, USA: Contaminants and Habitat (ConHab) Project","docAbstract":"No abstract available","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.127","usgsCitation":"Nilsen, E.B., and Morace, J.L., 2014, Foodweb transfer, sediment transport, and biological impacts of emerging and legacy organic contaminants in the lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, USA: Contaminants and Habitat (ConHab) Project: Science of the Total Environment, v. 484, p. 319-321, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.127.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"321","numberOfPages":"3","ipdsId":"IP-048890","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473036,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9115x9g5","text":"External Repository"},{"id":285134,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281225,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.127"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon;Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.9947,45.4986 ], [ -122.9947,45.9998 ], [ -121.9977,45.9998 ], [ -121.9977,45.4986 ], [ -122.9947,45.4986 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"484","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5360bbd0e4b082a3ecf53dc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nilsen, Elena B. 0000-0002-0104-6321 enilsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0104-6321","contributorId":923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nilsen","given":"Elena","email":"enilsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morace, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-8132-4044 jlmorace@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8132-4044","contributorId":945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morace","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlmorace@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70127905,"text":"70127905 - 2014 - Evaluating a slope-stability model for shallow rain-induced landslides using gage and satellite data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-09T15:35:22","indexId":"70127905","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Evaluating a slope-stability model for shallow rain-induced landslides using gage and satellite data","docAbstract":"Improving prediction of landslide early warning systems requires accurate estimation of the conditions that trigger slope failures. This study tested a slope-stability model for shallow rainfall-induced landslides by utilizing rainfall information from gauge and satellite records. We used the TRIGRS model (Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-based Regional Slope-stability analysis) for simulating the evolution of the factor of safety due to rainfall infiltration. Using a spatial subset of a well-characterized digital landscape from an earlier study, we considered shallow failure on a slope adjoining an urban transportation roadway near the Seattle area in Washington, USA.
We ran the TRIGRS model using high-quality rain gage and satellite-based rainfall data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Preliminary results with parameterized soil depth values suggest that the steeper slope values in this spatial domain have factor of safety values that are extremely close to the failure limit within an extremely narrow range of values, providing multiple false alarms. When the soil depths were constrained using a back analysis procedure to ensure that slopes were stable under initial condtions, the model accurately predicted the timing and location of the landslide observation without false alarms over time for gage rain data. The TRMM satellite rainfall data did not show adequately retreived rainfall peak magnitudes and accumulation over the study period, and as a result failed to predict the landslide event. These preliminary results indicate that more accurate and higher-resolution rain data (e.g., the upcoming Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission) are required to provide accurate and reliable landslide predictions in ungaged basins.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landslide science for a safer geoenvironment","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-05050-8_67","usgsCitation":"Yatheendradas, S., Kirschbaum, D., Baum, R.L., and Godt, J.W., 2014, Evaluating a slope-stability model for shallow rain-induced landslides using gage and satellite data, chap. of Landslide science for a safer geoenvironment, p. 431-436, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05050-8_67.","productDescription":"6 p. ","startPage":"431","endPage":"436","ipdsId":"IP-053433","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328468,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d3dd37e4b0571647d19a63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yatheendradas, S.","contributorId":13035,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yatheendradas","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirschbaum, D.","contributorId":41686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirschbaum","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baum, Rex L. 0000-0001-5337-1970 baum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5337-1970","contributorId":1288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"Rex","email":"baum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Godt, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-8737-2493 jgodt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493","contributorId":1166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgodt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70103039,"text":"70103039 - 2014 - Diet and habitat use by age-0 deepwater sculpins in northern Lake Huron, Michigan and the Detroit River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-19T09:26:58","indexId":"70103039","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-28T15:52:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diet and habitat use by age-0 deepwater sculpins in northern Lake Huron, Michigan and the Detroit River","docAbstract":"Deepwater sculpins (Myoxocephalus thompsonii) are an important link in deepwater benthic foodwebs of the Great Lakes. Little information exists about deepwater sculpin spawning habits and early life history ecology due to difficulty in sampling deep offshore habitats. Larval and age-0 deepwater sculpins collected in northern Lake Huron and the Detroit River during 2007 were used to improve our understanding of their habitat use, diet, age, and growth. Peak larval density reached 8.4/1000 m3 in the Detroit River during April and was higher than that in Lake Huron. Offshore bottom trawls at DeTour and Hammond Bay first collected benthic age-0 deepwater sculpins in early September when fish were ≥ 25 mm TL. Otolith analysis revealed that hatch dates for pelagic larvae occurred during late March and larvae remained pelagic for 40 to 60 days. Diet of pelagic larvae (10–21 mm TL) was dominated by calanoid copepods at all sample locations. Diets of benthic age-0 fish varied by location and depth: Mysis and chironomids were prevalent in fish from Hammond Bay and the 91 m site at DeTour, but only chironomids were found in fish from the 37 m DeTour site. This work showed that nearshore epilimnetic sites were important for pelagic larvae and an ontogenetic shift from pelagic planktivore to benthivore occurred at about 25 mm TL in late summer. Age analysis showed that larvae remained pelagic long enough to be transported through the St. Clair–Detroit River system, Lake Erie, and the Niagara River, potentially contributing to populations in Lake Ontario.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2013.07.004","usgsCitation":"Roseman, E., 2014, Diet and habitat use by age-0 deepwater sculpins in northern Lake Huron, Michigan and the Detroit River: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 40, p. 110-117, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2013.07.004.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"110","endPage":"117","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-049310","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286746,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286745,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2013.07.004"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Detroit River;Lake Huron","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.8145,42.0819 ], [ -84.8145,46.4984 ], [ -79.5410,46.4984 ], [ -79.5410,42.0819 ], [ -84.8145,42.0819 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"40","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535f6a52e4b078dca33ae320","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roseman, Edward F.","contributorId":100334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roseman","given":"Edward F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70099908,"text":"ds836 - 2014 - Concentrations of selected constituents in surface-water and streambed-sediment samples collected from streams in and near an area of oil and natural-gas development, south-central Texas, 2011-13","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T12:33:52","indexId":"ds836","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-28T15:50:54","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"836","title":"Concentrations of selected constituents in surface-water and streambed-sediment samples collected from streams in and near an area of oil and natural-gas development, south-central Texas, 2011-13","docAbstract":"During 2011–13, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the San Antonio River Authority and the Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority, analyzed surface-water and streambed-sediment samples collected from 10 sites in the San Antonio River Basin to provide data for a broad range of constituents that might be associated with hydraulic fracturing and the produced waters that are a consequence of hydraulic fracturing. Among surface-water samples, all sulfide concentrations were less than the method detection limit of 0.79 milligrams per liter. Four glycols—diethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and triethylene glycol—were analyzed for in surface-water samples collected for this study, and none were detected. Of the 91 semivolatile organic compounds analyzed for this study, there were six detections, all but one of which were in storm-runoff samples. The base-flow sample collected at the San Antonio River at Goliad, Tex. (SAR Goliad), site contained bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, a plasticizer in polyvinyl chloride and a constituent in hydraulic fracturing fluids. The storm-runoff samples collected at the San Antonio River near Elmendorf, Tex. (SAR Elmendorf), and Ecleto Creek at County Road 326 near Runge, Tex. (Ecleto 2), sites also contained bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. The storm-runoff sample collected at the SAR Elmendorf site contained the plasticizer diethyl phthalate. Both storm-runoff samples collected at the Ecleto Creek near Runge, Tex. (Ecleto 1), and Ecleto 2 sites contained benzyl alcohol, a solvent commonly used in paints. Of the 67 volatile organic compounds analyzed in this study, there were a total of six detections, all of which were in base-flow samples. The surface-water sample collected at the SAR Elmendorf site contained bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and trichloromethane, all of which are disinfection byproducts associated with the chlorination of municipal water supplies and of treated municipal wastewater. The sample collected at the Cibolo Creek near Saint Hedwig, Tex. (Cibolo St. Hedwig), site contained toluene, a fuel additive, solvent, and industrial feedstock used to produce benzene and a constituent associated with produced waters. The Cibolo St. Hedwig site is upstream from current (2014) oil and natural-gas production areas. Dichloromethane, an industrial solvent with multiple uses, was detected in surface-water samples at both the San Antonio River at State Highway 72 near Runge, Tex. (SAR 72), and SAR Goliad sites.
\nIn streambed-sediment samples, concentrations of total saturated hydrocarbons (TSH) ranged from an estimated 260 micrograms per kilogram (μg/kg) in the less than (<) 2-millimeter (mm) size-fraction sample collected at the SAR Goliad site to 11,000 μg/kg in the <2-mm size-fraction sample collected at the Ecleto 1 site. TSH concentrations were greater in the <63-micrometer (μm) size-fraction samples than in the <2-mm size-fraction samples in streambed-sediment samples collected from 5 of the 9 sites. Total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were calculated as the sum of the individual PAHs and alkylated PAHs. Total PAH concentrations ranged from less than the method detection limit in the <2-mm size-fraction samples collected from multiple sites to 1,600 μg/kg in the <2-mm size-fraction sample collected from the San Antonio River near McFaddin, Tex. (SAR McFaddin), site. Total PAH concentrations were greater in the <63-μm size-fraction samples than in the <2-mm size-fraction samples at 7 of the 9 sites.
\nDuring collection of streambed-sediment samples, additional samples from a subset of three sites (the SAR Elmendorf, SAR 72, and SAR McFaddin sites) were processed by using a 63-µm sieve on one aliquot and a 2-mm sieve on a second aliquot for PAH and n-alkane analyses. The purpose of analyzing PAHs and n-alkanes on a sample containing sand, silt, and clay versus a sample containing only silt and clay was to provide data that could be used to determine if these organic constituents had a greater affinity for silt- and clay-sized particles relative to sand-sized particles. The greater concentrations of PAHs in the <63-μm size-fraction samples at all three of these sites are consistent with a greater percentage of binding sites associated with fine-grained (<63 μm) sediment versus coarse-grained (<2 mm) sediment. The larger difference in total PAHs between the <2-mm and <63-μm size-fraction samples at the SAR Elmendorf site might be related to the large percentage of sand in the <2-mm size-fraction sample which was absent in the <63-μm size-fraction sample. In contrast, the <2-mm size-fraction sample collected from the SAR McFaddin site contained very little sand and was similar in particle-size composition to the <63-μm size-fraction sample.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds836","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Antonio River Authority and the Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority","usgsCitation":"Opsahl, S.P., and Crow, C.L., 2014, Concentrations of selected constituents in surface-water and streambed-sediment samples collected from streams in and near an area of oil and natural-gas development, south-central Texas, 2011-13 (Originally posted April 29, 2014; Version 1.1: January 28, 2015): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 836, Report: v, 25 p.; Appendixes 1-18, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds836.","productDescription":"Report: v, 25 p.; Appendixes 1-18","numberOfPages":"35","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-054353","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286793,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds836.jpg"},{"id":286792,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/836/downloads/ds836_appendixes1-18.xlsx","text":"Appendixes 1-18","size":"119 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendixes 1-18"},{"id":286791,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/836/pdf/ds836.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.20 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":286788,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/836/"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator, zone 14","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"San Antonio River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98,28.667 ], [ -98,29.667 ], [ -97,29.667 ], [ -97,28.667 ], [ -98,28.667 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Originally posted April 29, 2014; Version 1.1: January 28, 2015","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5360c9e8e4b082a3ecf53dea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Opsahl, Stephen P. 0000-0002-4774-0415 sopsahl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4774-0415","contributorId":4713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Opsahl","given":"Stephen","email":"sopsahl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crow, Cassi L. 0000-0002-1279-2485 ccrow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1279-2485","contributorId":1666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crow","given":"Cassi","email":"ccrow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70103043,"text":"70103043 - 2014 - Use of main channel and two backwater habitats by larval fishes in the Detroit River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-19T09:24:27","indexId":"70103043","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-28T15:14:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of main channel and two backwater habitats by larval fishes in the Detroit River","docAbstract":"Recent investigations in the Detroit River have revealed renewed spawning activity by several important fishes, but little is known about their early life history requirements. We surveyed two main channel and two backwater areas in the lower Detroit River weekly from May to July 2007 to assess habitat use by larval fishes. Backwater areas included a soft-sediment embayment (FI) and a hard-sediment area (HIW). Main channel sites were located adjacent to each backwater area. Water temperature, velocity and clarity measurements and zooplankton samples were collected weekly. A macrophyte assessment was conducted in July. Growth and diet of larval yellow perch (Perca flavescens), bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) were used to assess habitat quality. Macrophyte diversity and percent cover were higher and velocity lower at FI than HIW. Although larval fish diversity was highest in the main channel, yellow perch and bluegill larvae only grew beyond the yolk stage at FI, where they preferentially selected copepods, while Daphnia were selected in the main channel. Round goby ate harpacticoid copepods and Daphnia and grew at similar rates in HIW and the main channel. These data indicate that FI was a valuable nursery area for yellow perch and bluegill, whereas HIW was better suited to round goby. We only assessed two backwater areas, thus a complete census of wetland areas in the Detroit River is needed to identify valuable habitats. Restoration of shallow backwater areas is essential for rehabilitating fish populations and should be a priority in the Detroit River.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2013.10.001","usgsCitation":"McDonald, E.A., McNaught, A.S., and Roseman, E., 2014, Use of main channel and two backwater habitats by larval fishes in the Detroit River: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 40, p. 69-80, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2013.10.001.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"69","endPage":"80","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-050501","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286743,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286742,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2013.10.001"}],"country":"Canada;United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Detroit River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.21068,42.06184 ], [ -83.21068,42.357325 ], [ -82.859839,42.357325 ], [ -82.859839,42.06184 ], [ -83.21068,42.06184 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"40","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535f6a58e4b078dca33ae33c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDonald, Erik A.","contributorId":36056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McNaught, A. Scott","contributorId":23439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNaught","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roseman, Edward F.","contributorId":100334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roseman","given":"Edward F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70102831,"text":"70102831 - 2014 - Conventional carbonate reservoirs in the Paradox Basin, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-29T09:10:31","indexId":"70102831","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-28T13:48:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2789,"text":"Mountain Geologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conventional carbonate reservoirs in the Paradox Basin, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona","docAbstract":"No abstract available","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mountain Geologist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","usgsCitation":"Whidden, K.J., Pearson, K.M., Anna, L.O., and Dubiel, R.F., 2014, Conventional carbonate reservoirs in the Paradox Basin, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona: Mountain Geologist, v. 51, no. 2, p. 161-174.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"174","ipdsId":"IP-041191","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286730,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286729,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.rmag.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageID=3345"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona;Colorado;New Mexico;Utah","otherGeospatial":"Paradox Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.01,35.96 ], [ -111.01,39.44 ], [ -107.01,39.44 ], [ -107.01,35.96 ], [ -111.01,35.96 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"51","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535f6a51e4b078dca33ae318","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whidden, Katherine J. 0000-0002-7841-2553 kwhidden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7841-2553","contributorId":3960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whidden","given":"Katherine","email":"kwhidden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearson, Krystal M. kpearson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearson","given":"Krystal","email":"kpearson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anna, Lawrence O.","contributorId":107318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anna","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dubiel, Russell F. 0000-0002-1280-0350 rdubiel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1280-0350","contributorId":1294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubiel","given":"Russell","email":"rdubiel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70102826,"text":"70102826 - 2014 - Depletion of eugenol residues from the skin-on fillet tissue of rainbow trout exposed to 14C-labeled eugenol","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-29T09:31:16","indexId":"70102826","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-28T13:39:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Depletion of eugenol residues from the skin-on fillet tissue of rainbow trout exposed to 14C-labeled eugenol","docAbstract":"The U.S. is lagging in access to an approved immediate-release sedative, i.e. a compound that can be safely and effectively used to sedate fish and has no withdrawal period. AQUI-S® 20E (10% active ingredient, eugenol) is under investigation as an immediate-release sedative for freshwater finfish. Because of its investigational status, data are needed to characterize the depletion, distribution, and identity of AQUI-S® 20E residues in fillet tissue. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to uniformly ring labeled 14C-eugenol at a nominal concentration of 10 mg/L for 60 min in 18 °C water. Fish (n = 6) were sampled immediately after the exposure (0 min) then at 30, 60, 120, and 240 min. Eugenol concentrations and characterization of 14C residues in the fillet tissue were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography and flow-through liquid scintillation counting techniques. Total 14C-residue burdens in fillet tissue were determined by tissue oxidation and static liquid scintillation counting techniques.
\nMaximum eugenol and 14C-eugenol equivalent residue concentrations in the fillet tissue were measured immediately after the exposure (44.5 and 38.8 μg/g, respectively). Eugenol was the primary 14C-residue (> 90% of all 14C-residues) in extracts from fillet tissue taken from fish sampled immediately after the exposure (0 min) and from fish sampled at 30 and 60 min after the exposure. The depletion of 14C-eugenol residues from the fillet tissue was rapid (t1/2 = 26.25 min) after transferring the exposed fish to fresh flowing water.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquaculture","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.03.050","usgsCitation":"Meinertz, J.R., Schreier, T.M., Porcher, S.T., Smerud, J.R., and Gaikowski, M.P., 2014, Depletion of eugenol residues from the skin-on fillet tissue of rainbow trout exposed to 14C-labeled eugenol: Aquaculture, v. 430, p. 74-78, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.03.050.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"74","endPage":"78","numberOfPages":"5","ipdsId":"IP-054231","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438766,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7BV7DPX","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Marker residue depletion from the skin-on fillet tissue of rainbow trout exposed to AQUI S 20E:"},{"id":286728,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286530,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.03.050"}],"volume":"430","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535f6a51e4b078dca33ae31c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meinertz, Jeffery R. 0000-0002-8855-2648 jmeinertz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8855-2648","contributorId":2495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meinertz","given":"Jeffery","email":"jmeinertz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schreier, Theresa M. 0000-0001-7722-6292 tschreier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7722-6292","contributorId":3344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreier","given":"Theresa","email":"tschreier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Porcher, Scott T. sporcher@usgs.gov","contributorId":5030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porcher","given":"Scott","email":"sporcher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smerud, Justin R. 0000-0003-4385-7437 jrsmerud@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4385-7437","contributorId":5031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smerud","given":"Justin","email":"jrsmerud@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gaikowski, Mark P. 0000-0002-6507-9341 mgaikowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6507-9341","contributorId":796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaikowski","given":"Mark","email":"mgaikowski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":493037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70102832,"text":"70102832 - 2014 - Geologic models for assessing Pennsylvanian to Jurassic clastic reservoirs of the Paradox Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-29T09:11:22","indexId":"70102832","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-28T12:48:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2789,"text":"Mountain Geologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic models for assessing Pennsylvanian to Jurassic clastic reservoirs of the Paradox Basin","docAbstract":"No abstract available","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mountain Geologist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","usgsCitation":"Pearson, K.M., Whidden, K.J., Anna, L.O., and Dubiel, R.F., 2014, Geologic models for assessing Pennsylvanian to Jurassic clastic reservoirs of the Paradox Basin: Mountain Geologist, v. 51, no. 2.","startPage":"175","ipdsId":"IP-041328","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286724,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286723,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.rmag.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageID=3345"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona;Colorado;New Mexico;Utah","otherGeospatial":"Paradox Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.01,35.96 ], [ -111.01,39.44 ], [ -107.01,39.44 ], [ -107.01,35.96 ], [ -111.01,35.96 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"51","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535f6a53e4b078dca33ae32c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearson, Krystal M. kpearson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearson","given":"Krystal","email":"kpearson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whidden, Katherine J. 0000-0002-7841-2553 kwhidden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7841-2553","contributorId":3960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whidden","given":"Katherine","email":"kwhidden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anna, Lawrence O.","contributorId":107318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anna","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dubiel, Russell F. 0000-0002-1280-0350 rdubiel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1280-0350","contributorId":1294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubiel","given":"Russell","email":"rdubiel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70170792,"text":"70170792 - 2014 - Eruption style at Kīlauea Volcano in Hawai‘i linked to primary melt composition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-03T18:21:28","indexId":"70170792","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-28T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eruption style at Kīlauea Volcano in Hawai‘i linked to primary melt composition","docAbstract":"Explosive eruptions at basaltic volcanoes have been linked to gas segregation from magmas at shallow depths in the crust. The composition of primary melts formed at greater depths was thought to have little influence on eruptive style. Ocean island basaltic volcanoes are the product of melting of a geochemically heterogeneous mantle plume and are expected to give rise to heterogeneous primary melts. This range in primary melt composition, particularly with respect to the volatile components, will profoundly influence magma buoyancy, storage and eruption style. Here we analyse the geochemistry of a suite of melt inclusions from 25 historical eruptions at the ocean island volcano of Kīlauea, Hawai‘i, over the past 600 years. We find that more explosive styles of eruption at Kīlauea Volcano are associated statistically with more geochemically enriched primary melts that have higher volatile concentrations. These enriched melts ascend faster and retain their primary nature, undergoing little interaction with the magma reservoir at the volcano’s summit. We conclude that the eruption style and magma-supply rate at Kīlauea are fundamentally linked to the geochemistry of the primary melts formed deep below the volcano. Magmas might therefore be predisposed towards explosivity right at the point of formation in their mantle source region.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Pub. Group","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1038/ngeo2140","usgsCitation":"I.R., S., Edmonds, M., Maclennan, J., Swanson, D., and Houghton, B.F., 2014, Eruption style at Kīlauea Volcano in Hawai‘i linked to primary melt composition: Nature Geoscience, v. 7, p. 464-469, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2140.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"464","endPage":"469","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-075446","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473037,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10125/39957","text":"External Repository"},{"id":320882,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5729cbb1e4b0b13d3919a325","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"I.R., Sides.","contributorId":169090,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"I.R.","given":"Sides.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25414,"text":"Cambridge Univeristy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":628414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edmonds, M.","contributorId":43547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edmonds","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maclennan, J.","contributorId":169092,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maclennan","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25415,"text":"Cambridge University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":628511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swanson, Don 0000-0002-1680-3591 donswan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-3591","contributorId":168817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Don","email":"donswan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Houghton, Bruce F. 0000-0002-7532-9770","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7532-9770","contributorId":140077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Houghton","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13351,"text":"University of Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6977,"text":"University of Hawai`i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":628416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70102829,"text":"70102829 - 2014 - Geology and total petroleum systems of the Paradox Basin, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-03T11:19:24","indexId":"70102829","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-28T11:55:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2789,"text":"Mountain Geologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and total petroleum systems of the Paradox Basin, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona","docAbstract":"The geological model for the development of the Total Petroleum Systems (TPSs) within the Paradox Basin formed the foundation of the recent U.S. Geological Survey assessment of undiscovered, technically recoverable resources in the basin. Five TPSs were defined, of which three have known production and two are hypothetical. These TPSs are based on geologic elements of the basin and the potential development of Precambrian, Devonian, Pennsylvanian, Permian-Mississippian, and Cretaceous source rock intervals.
\nThe most studied source intervals are the Pennsylvanian black shales that were deposited during relative high stands in an otherwise evaporitic basin. These black shales are the source for most of the discovered hydrocarbons in the Paradox Basin. A second oil type can be traced to either a Mississippian or Permian source rock to the west, and therefore requires long-distance migration to explain its presence in the basin. Upper Cretaceous continental to nearshore-marine sandstones are interbedded with coal beds that have recognized coalbed methane potential. Precambrian and Devonian TPSs are considered hypothetical, as both are known to have organic-rich intervals, but no discovered hydrocarbons have been definitively typed back to either of these units.
","language":"English","publisher":"Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","usgsCitation":"Whidden, K.J., Lillis, P.G., Anna, L.O., Pearson, K.M., and Dubiel, R.F., 2014, Geology and total petroleum systems of the Paradox Basin, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona: Mountain Geologist, v. 51, no. 2, p. 119-139.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"119","endPage":"139","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-041198","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286722,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286718,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/mountain-geologist-rmag/data/051/051002/119_rmag-mg510119.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Paradox Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.8623046875,\n 36.16448788632064\n ],\n [\n -113.8623046875,\n 40.0360265298117\n ],\n [\n -106.55639648437499,\n 40.0360265298117\n ],\n [\n -106.55639648437499,\n 36.16448788632064\n ],\n [\n -113.8623046875,\n 36.16448788632064\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"51","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535f6a54e4b078dca33ae330","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whidden, Katherine J. 0000-0002-7841-2553 kwhidden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7841-2553","contributorId":3960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whidden","given":"Katherine","email":"kwhidden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lillis, Paul G. 0000-0002-7508-1699 plillis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7508-1699","contributorId":1817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lillis","given":"Paul","email":"plillis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anna, Lawrence O.","contributorId":107318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anna","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pearson, Krystal M. kpearson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearson","given":"Krystal","email":"kpearson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dubiel, Russell F. 0000-0002-1280-0350 rdubiel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1280-0350","contributorId":1294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubiel","given":"Russell","email":"rdubiel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70103030,"text":"70103030 - 2014 - Thresholds in the response of free-floating plant abundance to variation in hydraulic connectivity, nutrients, and macrophyte abundance in a large floodplain river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-29T15:02:10","indexId":"70103030","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-28T11:35:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thresholds in the response of free-floating plant abundance to variation in hydraulic connectivity, nutrients, and macrophyte abundance in a large floodplain river","docAbstract":"Duckweed and other free-floating plants (FFP) can form dense surface mats that affect ecosystem condition and processes, and can impair public use of aquatic resources. FFP obtain their nutrients from the water column, and the formation of dense FFP mats can be a consequence and indicator of river eutrophication. We conducted two complementary surveys of diverse aquatic areas of the Upper Mississippi River as an in situ approach for estimating thresholds in the response of FFP abundance to nutrient concentration and physical conditions in a large, floodplain river. Local regression analysis was used to estimate thresholds in the relations between FFP abundance and phosphorus (P) concentration (0.167 mg l−1L), nitrogen (N) concentration (0.808 mg l−1), water velocity (0.095 m s−1), and aquatic macrophyte abundance (65 % cover). FFP tissue concentrations suggested P limitation was more likely in spring, N limitation was more likely in late summer, and N limitation was most likely in backwaters with minimal hydraulic connection to the channel. The thresholds estimated here, along with observed patterns in nutrient limitation, provide river scientists and managers with criteria to consider when attempting to modify FFP abundance in off-channel areas of large river systems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s13157-013-0508-8","usgsCitation":"Giblin, S.M., Houser, J., Sullivan, J.F., Langrehr, H., Rogala, J.T., and Campbell, B.D., 2014, Thresholds in the response of free-floating plant abundance to variation in hydraulic connectivity, nutrients, and macrophyte abundance in a large floodplain river: Wetlands, v. 34, no. 3, p. 413-425, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-013-0508-8.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"413","endPage":"425","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-051347","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286717,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286716,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13157-013-0508-8"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Upper Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.49,42.96 ], [ -92.49,44.58 ], [ -90.31,44.58 ], [ -90.31,42.96 ], [ -92.49,42.96 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"34","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-12-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535f6a57e4b078dca33ae338","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Giblin, Shawn M.","contributorId":99889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giblin","given":"Shawn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houser, Jeffrey N.","contributorId":26625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houser","given":"Jeffrey N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sullivan, John F.","contributorId":21067,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sullivan","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":493096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Langrehr, H.A.","contributorId":32082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langrehr","given":"H.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":493098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rogala, James T. 0000-0002-1954-4097 jrogala@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1954-4097","contributorId":2651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogala","given":"James","email":"jrogala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Campbell, Benjamin D.","contributorId":18680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70102267,"text":"ofr20141081 - 2014 - An evaluation of remote sensing technologies for the detection of fugitive contamination at selected Superfund hazardous waste sites in Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-28T11:21:43","indexId":"ofr20141081","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-28T11:14:36","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1081","title":"An evaluation of remote sensing technologies for the detection of fugitive contamination at selected Superfund hazardous waste sites in Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"This evaluation was conducted to assess the potential for using both traditional remote sensing, such as aerial imagery, and emerging remote sensing technology, such as hyperspectral imaging, as tools for postclosure monitoring of selected hazardous waste sites. Sixteen deleted Superfund (SF) National Priorities List (NPL) sites in Pennsylvania were imaged with a Civil Air Patrol (CAP) Airborne Real-Time Cueing Hyperspectral Enhanced Reconnaissance (ARCHER) sensor between 2009 and 2012. Deleted sites are those sites that have been remediated and removed from the NPL. The imagery was processed to radiance and atmospherically corrected to relative reflectance with standard software routines using the Environment for Visualizing Imagery (ENVI, ITT–VIS, Boulder, Colorado) software. Standard routines for anomaly detection, endmember collection, vegetation stress, and spectral analysis were applied.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141081","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Slonecker, E.T., and Fisher, G.B., 2014, An evaluation of remote sensing technologies for the detection of fugitive contamination at selected Superfund hazardous waste sites in Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1081, iv, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141081.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-054632","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286715,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141081.jpg"},{"id":286713,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1081/"},{"id":286714,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1081/pdf/ofr2014-1081.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.5199,39.7198 ], [ -80.5199,42.2694 ], [ -74.6895,42.2694 ], [ -74.6895,39.7198 ], [ -80.5199,39.7198 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535f6a4fe4b078dca33ae30c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slonecker, E. 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The illustrations are based on observed data from the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) National Water Information System ( http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/). The period 1930–2013 was used because, prior to 1930, the number of streamgages was too small to provide representative data for computing statistics for most regions of the country.
\n\nIn the summary, reference is made to the term “runoff,” which is the depth to which a river basin, State, or other geographic area would be covered with water if all the streamflow within the area during a specified time period was uniformly distributed upon it. Runoff quantifies the magnitude of water flowing through the Nation’s rivers and streams in measurement units that can be compared from one area to another.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143030","usgsCitation":"Jian, X., Wolock, D.M., Lins, H.F., and Brady, S., 2014, Streamflow of 2013: water year summary: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3030, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143030.","productDescription":"8 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-054561","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286710,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143030.jpg"},{"id":286525,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3030/"},{"id":286526,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3030/pdf/fs2014-3030.pdf"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 173.0,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,16.916667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535f6a54e4b078dca33ae334","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jian, Xiaodong 0000-0002-9173-3482 xjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9173-3482","contributorId":1282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jian","given":"Xiaodong","email":"xjian@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lins, Harry F. 0000-0001-5385-9247 hlins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5385-9247","contributorId":1505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lins","given":"Harry","email":"hlins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brady, Steve","contributorId":108351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}