{"pageNumber":"133","pageRowStart":"3300","pageSize":"25","recordCount":3813,"records":[{"id":4939,"text":"fs11797 - 1997 - Great and Little Miami River Basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-02T10:41:01","indexId":"fs11797","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"117-97","displayTitle":"Great and Little Miami River Basins","title":"Great and Little Miami River Basins","docAbstract":"

Introduction

Implementation of a National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program study in the The Great and Little Miami River Basins area will increase scientific understanding of natural processes and human activities that affect the quality of water in streams and aquifers. This information will benefit water-resource managers that need, but often lack, the data required to implement effective water-quality management actions and evaluate long-term changes in water quality.

Water quality has improved significantly in the Great and Little Miami River Basins over the past few decades because of improvements in the treatment of municipal and industrial wastes. However, the effects of industrialization and urbanization on the quality of rivers and ground-water resources remain a priority concern of water-resource managers and planners, state and local governments, and citizen groups. Some of these effects relate to nonpoint sources of contaminants and are the subject of ongoing research and watershed management projects such as the Lower Great Miami Watershed Enhancement Program, the Little Miami Partnership, the Stillwater Watershed Project, Indian Lake Watershed Project, and the Miami Conservancy District's Groundwater 2000 Program. Water resource managers in the Great and Little Miami River Basins area are currently addressing the following water-quality issues:

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs11797","usgsCitation":"Rowe, G.L., Baker, N.T., and Frehs, R., 1997, Great and Little Miami River Basins: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 117-97, Document: 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs11797.","productDescription":"Document: 4 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122896,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0117/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31801,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0117/fs1997117.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.57 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 1997-117"}],"contact":"

Director, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
64640 Busch Blvd, Suite 100
Columbus, OH 43229

","tableOfContents":"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671c74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowe, Gary L. glrowe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"Gary","email":"glrowe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":150172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baker, Nancy T. 0000-0002-7979-5744 ntbaker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7979-5744","contributorId":1955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Nancy","email":"ntbaker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":150173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frehs, R.P.","contributorId":59019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frehs","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5422,"text":"fs00297 - 1997 - What are volcano hazards?","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":5422,"text":"fs00297 - 1997 - What are volcano hazards?","indexId":"fs00297","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"What are volcano hazards?"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70202932,"text":"fs20183075 - 2019 - Living with volcano hazards","indexId":"fs20183075","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"title":"Living with volcano hazards"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70202932,"text":"fs20183075 - 2019 - Living with volcano hazards","indexId":"fs20183075","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"title":"Living with volcano hazards"},"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-10T11:20:40","indexId":"fs00297","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"002-97","title":"What are volcano hazards?","docAbstract":"

Volcanoes give rise to numerous geologic and hydrologic hazards. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists are assessing hazards at many of the almost 70 active and potentially active volcanoes in the United States. They are closely monitoring activity at the most dangerous of these volcanoes and are prepared to issue warnings of impending eruptions or other hazardous events.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs00297","usgsCitation":"Myers, B., Brantley, S.R., Stauffer, P., and Hendley, J.W., II, 1997, What are volcano hazards? (revised March 2008): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 002–97, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs00297.","productDescription":"1 sheet [2] p. : col. ill. ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":363599,"rank":2,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs14400","text":"Fact Sheet 144-00","linkHelpText":" - (Spanish Version) ¿Cuales son las amenazas o peligros volcanicos?"},{"id":363600,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs002-97/fs00297.pdf","text":"Report","size":"600 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Fact Sheet 002-97"},{"id":125181,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs002-97/images/coverthb.jpg"}],"edition":"1997; revised June 1998; revised June 2004; revised March 2008","contact":"

Contact Information
Volcano Science Center - Menlo Park
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 910
Menlo Park, CA 94025

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reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T18:16:35","indexId":"fs22196","displayToPublicDate":"1997-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"221-96","title":"Water-quality trends in the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo Basin using sediment cores from reservoirs","docAbstract":"

Water-quality trends reflect the relation between water quality and human activities, chronicling changes in concentrations of environmental contaminants, introduction of new contaminants, and successful efforts in environmental pollution remediation. Historical data available for analyzing trends often have severe limitations, from questionable accuracy to unknown sampling and analytic methodologies. Where data are unavailable or have such limitations, water-quality trends sometimes can be reconstructed using sediment cores from lakes and reservoirs.

\n

The purpose of this fact sheet is to summarize the findings of a study to assess historical changes in surface-water quality in the Rio Grande Basin (known as the Río Bravo Basin in Mexico) by analyzing changes in sediment chemistry in cores from three reservoirs: Elephant Butte Reservoir, Amistad International Reservoir, and Falcon International Reservoir (fig. 1). Sediments that erode from the land surface are transported by tributaries into the Rio Grande/Río Bravo. Metals and some persistent pesticides and industrial organic compounds sorb to these sediments, which eventually accumulate at the bottom of the reservoirs or are transported to the Gulf of Mexico. Although use of reservoir cores has limitations—for example, the cores do not record trends in non-persistent compounds—in many cases the data provide a partial historical record of water quality.

\n

In 1991, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began full implementation of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program (Leahy and others, 1990). Also in 1991, the State of Texas established the Clean Rivers Program (CRP) administered by the Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission (TNRCC). The coring study reported here was a collaborative effort between the NAWQA Program and the CRP Rio Grande Border Environmental Assessment Team, with additional funding support from the El Paso County Water Improvement District No. 1.

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No abstract available.

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No abstract available.

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Human activities have caused dramatic changes to our Nation's landscape for over a century. Use of synthetic organic compounds in agriculture and industry has resulted in the accumulation and persistence of some of these compounds in natural systems. Concern has arisen over the contamination of our Nation's waters and the organisms that depend on them.

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These 43 raingages, combined with three previously installed gages, compose a data-collection network that provides detailed, accurate information on rainfall throughout the county.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs05297","usgsCitation":"Hazell, W., and Bales, J.D., 1997, Real-time rainfall measurement in the City of Charlotte and Mecklenburg County, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 052-97, 1 folded sheet ([4] p.) : col. ill., col maps ; 28 cm. col. ill., col maps ;, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs05297.","productDescription":"1 folded sheet ([4] p.) : col. ill., col maps ; 28 cm. col. ill., col maps ;","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":31826,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0052/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":125202,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0052/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","county":"Mecklenburg County","city":"Charlotte","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-80.7823,35.5113],[-80.7867,35.5031],[-80.7889,35.4949],[-80.7831,35.4836],[-80.7819,35.475],[-80.7779,35.4668],[-80.7778,35.4614],[-80.7744,35.4578],[-80.7549,35.423],[-80.7525,35.4148],[-80.7553,35.4125],[-80.7638,35.4134],[-80.7693,35.402],[-80.7551,35.3944],[-80.7364,35.3786],[-80.7187,35.3624],[-80.704,35.3552],[-80.6983,35.3507],[-80.6822,35.3131],[-80.6677,35.2705],[-80.6214,35.2499],[-80.5954,35.2369],[-80.5485,35.2108],[-80.6245,35.1487],[-80.7328,35.0627],[-80.7645,35.0375],[-80.7684,35.0348],[-80.7746,35.0329],[-80.7858,35.0315],[-80.7892,35.0314],[-80.8009,35.0286],[-80.8155,35.0204],[-80.8194,35.019],[-80.8216,35.018],[-80.8216,35.0167],[-80.8288,35.0098],[-80.835,35.0061],[-80.8405,35.0016],[-80.8604,35.0246],[-80.8854,35.0535],[-80.9016,35.0716],[-80.9312,35.1049],[-80.9373,35.1018],[-81.0383,35.0452],[-81.0419,35.0432],[-81.0447,35.0468],[-81.0464,35.0482],[-81.0483,35.0507],[-81.0503,35.0527],[-81.0528,35.0557],[-81.0548,35.0582],[-81.0568,35.0611],[-81.0577,35.0636],[-81.0586,35.067],[-81.0582,35.0722],[-81.0577,35.0788],[-81.0566,35.0834],[-81.0554,35.0868],[-81.0541,35.0904],[-81.0533,35.0927],[-81.0523,35.0956],[-81.0503,35.0975],[-81.0487,35.099],[-81.0462,35.1003],[-81.0437,35.1014],[-81.042,35.1022],[-81.0391,35.1027],[-81.0369,35.1036],[-81.0352,35.1054],[-81.0344,35.1072],[-81.0341,35.1095],[-81.0341,35.1136],[-81.0358,35.1186],[-81.0363,35.1213],[-81.038,35.124],[-81.0408,35.1267],[-81.0425,35.1281],[-81.0454,35.1289],[-81.0476,35.1295],[-81.0499,35.1302],[-81.051,35.1313],[-81.0521,35.1335],[-81.0523,35.1365],[-81.0517,35.1392],[-81.0501,35.142],[-81.0476,35.1463],[-81.0448,35.1494],[-81.0238,35.1486],[-81.0176,35.1536],[-81.0109,35.1532],[-81.0076,35.1569],[-81.0088,35.165],[-81.0049,35.1728],[-81.0045,35.1814],[-81.0046,35.1864],[-81.0063,35.1923],[-81.0064,35.1973],[-81.0054,35.2055],[-81.0071,35.2109],[-81.0129,35.2231],[-81.0113,35.2309],[-81.012,35.2349],[-81.0082,35.2509],[-81.0139,35.2585],[-81.0152,35.2685],[-81.0143,35.2876],[-81.0133,35.293],[-81.0105,35.2944],[-81.0033,35.3017],[-81.0022,35.3045],[-80.9961,35.3113],[-80.9938,35.3132],[-80.9894,35.3205],[-80.9844,35.3237],[-80.9805,35.3287],[-80.9823,35.3341],[-80.984,35.3373],[-80.9818,35.3446],[-80.9706,35.3501],[-80.9656,35.3506],[-80.9593,35.3489],[-80.9537,35.3521],[-80.9442,35.3521],[-80.9374,35.3572],[-80.9285,35.3614],[-80.9268,35.3627],[-80.9296,35.3636],[-80.9432,35.3658],[-80.9505,35.3675],[-80.9563,35.3738],[-80.9597,35.3756],[-80.9625,35.3756],[-80.9647,35.3738],[-80.9669,35.3688],[-80.9697,35.3669],[-80.9742,35.3642],[-80.9776,35.3646],[-80.9844,35.3695],[-80.9868,35.38],[-80.9846,35.3822],[-80.9806,35.3823],[-80.9761,35.3828],[-80.9632,35.3901],[-80.9554,35.3925],[-80.9549,35.4006],[-80.959,35.4133],[-80.9569,35.4288],[-80.9587,35.436],[-80.9527,35.446],[-80.9465,35.4524],[-80.9421,35.457],[-80.9432,35.4602],[-80.9506,35.4656],[-80.9518,35.4701],[-80.948,35.481],[-80.947,35.486],[-80.951,35.4942],[-80.9612,35.4986],[-80.9664,35.509],[-80.9637,35.5131],[-80.9586,35.5163],[-80.9569,35.5177],[-80.7823,35.5113]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Mecklenburg\",\"state\":\"NC\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a74e4b07f02db644389","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hazell, W. 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F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bales, Jerad D. 0000-0001-8398-6984 jdbales@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8398-6984","contributorId":683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"Jerad","email":"jdbales@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":150239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5107,"text":"fs24696 - 1997 - Do created wetlands replace the wetlands that are destroyed?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-28T15:51:00","indexId":"fs24696","displayToPublicDate":"1997-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"246-96","title":"Do created wetlands replace the wetlands that are destroyed?","docAbstract":"

Wetlands, once perceived as worthless land, are now recognized as a necessary component of a vital landscape. However, due to draining and filling we have lost many of our wetlands. The loss of wetlands can have undesirable effects on the landscape, such as erosion, flooding, habitat loss and deterioration of water quality. While natural wetland systems are being destroyed nationwide, the wetlands restored or created to compensate for these losses are commonly not evaluated or contain large percentages of non-wetland acreage. At the present time we do not have established methodology that can uniformly evaluate a wetland's function, or that is useful for providing guidelines that enhance wetland restoration/creation success.

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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63d7ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":150428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5113,"text":"fs03597 - 1997 - Effects of land application of composted biosolids on ground water and native vegetation in the New Jersey Pinelands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:44","indexId":"fs03597","displayToPublicDate":"1997-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"035-97","title":"Effects of land application of composted biosolids on ground water and native vegetation in the New Jersey Pinelands","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs03597","usgsCitation":"Jacobsen, E., 1997, Effects of land application of composted biosolids on ground water and native vegetation in the New Jersey Pinelands: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 035-97, 1 sheet ([2] p.) : ill., map ; 28 cm. ill., map ;, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs03597.","productDescription":"1 sheet ([2] p.) : ill., map ; 28 cm. ill., map ;","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":125194,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0035/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31899,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0035/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611dc5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacobsen, Eric jacobsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":3864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobsen","given":"Eric","email":"jacobsen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":150440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":6802,"text":"fs06697 - 1997 - Stream drainage areas in West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:02","indexId":"fs06697","displayToPublicDate":"1997-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"066-97","title":"Stream drainage areas in West Virginia","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs06697","usgsCitation":"Wiley, J., 1997, Stream drainage areas in West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 066-97, 1 sheet ([2] p.) : map ; 28 cm. map ;, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs06697.","productDescription":"1 sheet ([2] p.) : map ; 28 cm. map ;","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":125213,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0066/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":34148,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0066/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a51ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiley, J.B.","contributorId":76739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiley","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5096,"text":"fs24596 - 1997 - Use of tracer injections and synoptic sampling to measure metal loading from acid mine drainage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-09T15:05:29","indexId":"fs24596","displayToPublicDate":"1997-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"245-96","title":"Use of tracer injections and synoptic sampling to measure metal loading from acid mine drainage","docAbstract":"

Thousands of abandoned and inactive mines are located in environmentally sensitive mountain watersheds. Cost-effective remediation of the effects of metals from mining in these watersheds requires knowledge of the most significant sources of metals. The significance of a given source depends on the toxicity of a particular metal, how much of the metal enters the stream, and whether or not the metal remains in the stream in a toxic form. This discussion deals with accounting for how much metal enters the stream and whether it stays in the stream. The amount of metal entering the stream is called the mass loading and is calculated as the product of metal concentration and stream discharge. The overall effect of high metal concentrations on streams and aquatic organisms is unclear without discharge measurements.

A traditional discharge measurement is obtained by dividing a stream into small sections and measuring the cross-sectional area and the average water velocity in each section. Summing the measurements of all the sections gives the discharge of the entire stream. This method works well where the channel bottom and banks are smooth. In mountain streams, however, the stream bottom typically is covered with cobbles, allowing much of the water to flow through the cobbles of the streambed where it cannot be measured by a flow meter (fig. 1). Thus, accurate discharge measurements are difficult to obtain in mountain streams, even under the best of conditions.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs24596","usgsCitation":"Kimball, B.A., 1997, Use of tracer injections and synoptic sampling to measure metal loading from acid mine drainage: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 245-96, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs24596.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":31889,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0245/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":117524,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0245/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa4a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kimball, Briant A. bkimball@usgs.gov","contributorId":533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"Briant","email":"bkimball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":150410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5030,"text":"fs01597 - 1997 - Mined-land reclamation in the Thar Desert, India; Indo-U.S. technology exchange","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:32","indexId":"fs01597","displayToPublicDate":"1997-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"015-97","title":"Mined-land reclamation in the Thar Desert, India; Indo-U.S. technology exchange","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs01597","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997, Mined-land reclamation in the Thar Desert, India; Indo-U.S. technology exchange: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 015-97, 1 sheet : ill., map ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs01597.","productDescription":"1 sheet : ill., map ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":306,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-0015-97/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":118413,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0015/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31857,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0015/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db6356de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5150,"text":"fs05897 - 1997 - Trends in acetochlor concentrations in surface waters of the White River Basin, Indiana, 1994–96","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-02T10:38:59","indexId":"fs05897","displayToPublicDate":"1997-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1997–0058","title":"Trends in acetochlor concentrations in surface waters of the White River Basin, Indiana, 1994–96","docAbstract":"

Corn herbicides are used extensively in the White River Basin and account for about 70 percent of the total agricultural pesticide use in the basin. Acetochlor, a corn herbicide registered for use in 1994, is expected to reduce the total amount of corn herbicides used because of its broad-spectrum weed control and low use rates. Acetochlor is considered to be a probable human carcinogen, and its continued registration is contingent on concentrations in surface and ground water not exceeding target levels. During 1994, acetochlor was detected in only trace concentrations near the mouth of the White River and not at all in a small stream (93-square-mile drainage) in the northern part of the basin. By 1996, peak concentrations were about 2 and 3 micrograms per liter near the mouth of the White River and in the small stream, respectively. The estimated annual average concentration of acetochlor near the mouth of the White River in 1996 was 0.15 micrograms per liter, well below the 2 micrograms per liter criterion for surface-water supplied community-water systems.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs05897","usgsCitation":"Crawford, C.G., 1997, Trends in acetochlor concentrations in surface waters of the White River Basin, Indiana, 1994–96: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 1997–0058, Document: 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs05897.","productDescription":"Document: 4 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126559,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0058/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":31913,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0058/fs05897.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.65 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 1997-0058"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","otherGeospatial":"White River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n 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Director, Indiana Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5957 Lakeside Blvd.
Indianapolis, IN 46278

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In 1991, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began implementation of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. The long-term goals of the NAWQA Program are to describe the status and trends in the quality of a large, representative part of the Nation's surface- and ground- water resources, and to identify, describe, and explain, if possible, the major factors that affect the observed water quality (Hirsch and others, 1988). The program consists of study-unit investigations that include parts of most major river basins and aquifer systems in the country. The Western Lake Michigan Drainages study unit encompasses a 20,000-square-mile area in eastern Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan that drains to Lake Michigan and Green Bay (figure 1).
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