The electrical output of electrofishing equipment is commonly standardized by using either constant voltage or constant amperage, However, simplified circuit and wave theories of electricity suggest that standardization of power (wattage) available for transfer from water to fish may be critical for effective standardization of electrofishing. Electrofishing with standardized power ensures that constant power is transferable to fish regardless of water conditions. The in situ performance of standardized power output is poorly known. We used data collected by the interagency Long Term Resource Monitoring Program (LTRMP) in the upper Mississippi River system to assess the effectiveness of standardizing power output. The data consisted of 278 electrofishing collections, comprising 9,282 fishes in eight species groups, obtained during 1990 from main channel border, backwater, and tailwater aquatic areas in four reaches of the upper Mississippi River and one reach of the Illinois River. Variation in power output explained an average of 14.9% of catch variance for night electrofishing and 12.1 % for day electrofishing. Three patterns in catch per unit effort were observed for different species: increasing catch with increasing power, decreasing catch with increasing power, and no power-related pattern. Therefore, in addition to reducing catch variation, controlling power output may provide some capability to select particular species. The LTRMP adopted standardized power output beginning in 1991; standardized power output is adjusted for variation in water conductivity and water temperature by reference to a simple chart. Our data suggest that by standardizing electrofishing power output, the LTRMP has eliminated substantial amounts of catch variation at virtually no additional cost.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1995)015<0375:IECCBS>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Burkhardt, R.W., and Gutreuter, S., 1995, Improving electrofishing catch consistency by standardizing power: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 15, no. 2, p. 375-381, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1995)015<0375:IECCBS>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"375","endPage":"381","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134421,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"upper Mississippi River system","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-87.800477,42.49192],[-87.812461,42.232278],[-87.524844,41.691635],[-87.531646,39.347888],[-87.640435,39.166727],[-87.496537,38.778571],[-87.975511,38.232742],[-88.158207,37.664542],[-88.078046,37.532029],[-88.450127,37.411717],[-88.490068,37.067874],[-89.058036,37.188767],[-89.171881,37.068184],[-89.202607,36.601576],[-89.343753,36.630991],[-89.429311,36.481875],[-89.55264,36.577178],[-89.527029,36.341679],[-89.703511,36.243412],[-89.615128,36.113816],[-89.733095,36.000608],[-90.368718,35.995812],[-90.075934,36.281485],[-90.157136,36.484317],[-94.617919,36.499414],[-94.605734,39.122204],[-95.082714,39.516712],[-94.876344,39.806894],[-95.382957,40.027112],[-95.870481,40.71248],[-95.929889,41.415155],[-96.096186,41.547192],[-96.077543,41.777824],[-96.628741,42.757532],[-96.448134,43.104452],[-96.598396,43.495074],[-96.453049,43.500415],[-96.452948,45.268925],[-96.835451,45.586129],[-96.587093,45.816445],[-96.559271,46.058272],[-96.789572,46.639079],[-96.851293,47.589264],[-97.139497,48.153108],[-97.108655,48.691484],[-97.238387,48.982631],[-95.153711,48.998903],[-95.153314,49.384358],[-94.974286,49.367738],[-94.555835,48.716207],[-93.741843,48.517347],[-92.984963,48.623731],[-92.634931,48.542873],[-92.698824,48.494892],[-92.341207,48.23248],[-92.066269,48.359602],[-91.542512,48.053268],[-90.88548,48.245784],[-90.703702,48.096009],[-89.489226,48.014528],[-90.735927,47.624343],[-92.058888,46.809938],[-92.025789,46.710839],[-91.781928,46.697604],[-90.880358,46.957661],[-90.78804,46.844886],[-90.920813,46.637432],[-90.327548,46.550262],[-89.929158,46.29975],[-88.141001,45.930608],[-88.13364,45.823128],[-87.831442,45.714938],[-87.887828,45.358122],[-87.647454,45.345232],[-87.72796,45.207956],[-87.59188,45.094689],[-87.983065,44.72073],[-87.970702,44.530292],[-87.021088,45.296541],[-87.73063,43.893862],[-87.910172,43.236634],[-87.800477,42.49192]]],[[[-86.880572,45.331467],[-86.956192,45.351179],[-86.82177,45.427602],[-86.880572,45.331467]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Iowa\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"15","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a2f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burkhardt, Randy W.","contributorId":50493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkhardt","given":"Randy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gutreuter, Steve","contributorId":91437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutreuter","given":"Steve","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":17519,"text":"ofr9551 - 1995 - Preliminary geologic map of the Calabasas 7.5' quadrangle, southern California: A digital database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-13T21:34:04.791167","indexId":"ofr9551","displayToPublicDate":"1995-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-51","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Calabasas 7.5' quadrangle, southern California: A digital database","docAbstract":"This Open-File report is a digital geologic map database. This pamphlet serves to introduce and describe the digital data. There is no paper map included in the Open-File report. This digital map database is compiled from previously published sources combined with some new mapping and modifications in nomenclature. The geologic map database delineates map units that are identified by general age and lithology following the stratigraphic nomenclature of the U. S. Geological Survey. For detailed descriptions of the units, their stratigraphic relations and sources of geologic mapping consult Yerkes and Campbell (1993). More specific information about the units may be available in the original sources.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr9551","usgsCitation":"Yerkes, R.F., and Campbell, R.H., 1995, Preliminary geologic map of the Calabasas 7.5' quadrangle, southern California: A digital database (Revised 1997): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-51, Report: 12 p.; Readme; Metadata; Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9551.","productDescription":"Report: 12 p.; Readme; Metadata; Database","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":149062,"rank":12,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0051/images/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":284016,"rank":11,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0051/calab.ps"},{"id":284015,"rank":10,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0051/calab.txt"},{"id":284017,"rank":9,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://geo-nsdi.er.usgs.gov/metadata/open-file/95-51/metadata.faq.html"},{"id":284013,"rank":8,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0051/"},{"id":284014,"rank":7,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0051/pdf/of95-51.pdf"},{"id":284020,"rank":1,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0051/cb-strc.e00.gz"},{"id":284019,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0051/cb-geol.e00.gz"},{"id":284021,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0051/cb-wells.e00.gz"},{"id":284022,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0051/cb-foss.e00.gz"},{"id":284023,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0051/cb-topo.e00.gz"},{"id":284018,"rank":6,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0051/calab.tar.gz"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Calabasas quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.75,34.125 ], [ -118.75,34.25 ], [ -118.625,34.25 ], [ -118.625,34.125 ], [ -118.75,34.125 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Revised 1997","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bc2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yerkes, R. F.","contributorId":24754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yerkes","given":"R.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, R. H.","contributorId":52160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70209834,"text":"70209834 - 1995 - Crustal magnetic anomalies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-30T16:10:37.775246","indexId":"70209834","displayToPublicDate":"1995-04-30T10:57:50","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3283,"text":"Reviews of Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal magnetic anomalies","docAbstract":"This Quadrennial Report departs in format from its predecessors. Earlier reports provided brief descriptions of the entire range of topics on “crustal magnetic anomalies.” Following guidelines established by the AGU, we instead focus our discussion on only a few selected topics. Our abbreviated list of references reflects this restricted focus. A more comprehensive bibliography can be obtained from the authors as noted subsequently.
The past quadrennium was distinguished by a significant change in the scale and scope of crustal magnetic anomaly research. Advances in instrumentation, navigation, and data processing techniques resulted in increasing use of two‐dimensional anomaly maps rather than profile data. Although maps are commonly used in aeromagnetic studies of continental areas, their use in the ocean basins has been limited until recently. The other important change has been a trend towards increased integration of magnetic anomaly data with gravity, seismic, geochemical, remote sensing, and geologic data to enhance the interpretation and reduce the ambiguity of magnetic field data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/95RG00444","usgsCitation":"Raymond, C., and Blakely, R.J., 1995, Crustal magnetic anomalies: Reviews of Geophysics, v. 33, no. S1, p. 177-183, https://doi.org/10.1029/95RG00444.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"177","endPage":"183","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374403,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"S1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raymond, C.A.","contributorId":50301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Raymond","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18954,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":788222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blakely, Richard J. 0000-0003-1701-5236 blakely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":1540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"Richard","email":"blakely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70203145,"text":"70203145 - 1995 - Processes controlling the chemistry of two snowmelt‐dominated streams in the Rocky Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-22T14:24:13","indexId":"70203145","displayToPublicDate":"1995-04-16T15:32:10","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Processes controlling the chemistry of two snowmelt‐dominated streams in the Rocky Mountains","docAbstract":"Time‐intensive discharge and chemical data for two alpine streams in the Loch Vale watershed, Colorado, were used to identify sources of runoff, flow paths, and important biogeochemical processes during the 1992 snowmelt runoff season. In spite of the paucity of soil cover the chemical composition of the streams is regulated much as in typical forested watersheds. Soils and other shallow groundwater matrices such as boulder fields appear to be more important in controlling surface‐water chemistry than their abundance would indicate. The chemical composition of the major source waters (usually thought of as end‐members whose chemical composition is relatively constant over time) changes at the same time that their mixing ratio in streams changes, confounding use of end‐member mixing models to describe stream‐water chemistry. Changes in the chemical composition of these source waters are caused by the ionic pulse of solutes from the snowpack and the small size of the shallow groundwater reservoir compared to the volume of snowmelt passing through it. The brief hydrologic residence time in the shallow groundwater indicates that concentrations of most dissolved constituents of stream water were controlled by fast geochemical processes that occurred on timescales of hours to days, rather than slower processes such as weathering of primary minerals. Differences in the timing of snowmelt‐related processes between different areas of the watershed also affect the stream‐water chemical composition. Cirque lakes affect discharge and chemical composition of one of the streams; seasonal control on stream‐water NO3 and SiO2 concentrations by diatom uptake in the lakes was inferred. Elution of acidic waters from the snowpack, along with dilution of base cations originating in shallow groundwater, caused episodes of decreased acid‐neutralizing capacity in the streams, but the streams did not become acidic.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/95WR02037","usgsCitation":"Campbell, D.H., Clow, D.W., Ingersoll, G.P., Mast, M.A., Spahr, N.E., and Turk, J.T., 1995, Processes controlling the chemistry of two snowmelt‐dominated streams in the Rocky Mountains: Water Resources Research, v. 31, no. 11, p. 2811-2821, https://doi.org/10.1029/95WR02037.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2811","endPage":"2821","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":363156,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Loch Vale, Rocky Mountain National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.12518310546875,\n 40.111688665595956\n ],\n [\n -105.11993408203125,\n 40.111688665595956\n ],\n [\n -105.11993408203125,\n 40.64521960545374\n ],\n [\n -106.12518310546875,\n 40.64521960545374\n ],\n [\n -106.12518310546875,\n 40.111688665595956\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, Donald H. dhcampbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Donald","email":"dhcampbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":761379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clow, David W. 0000-0001-6183-4824 dwclow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-4824","contributorId":1671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"David","email":"dwclow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ingersoll, George P. gpingers@usgs.gov","contributorId":1469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"George","email":"gpingers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mast, M. Alisa 0000-0001-6253-8162 mamast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-8162","contributorId":827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.","email":"mamast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alisa","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Spahr, Norman E. nspahr@usgs.gov","contributorId":1977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spahr","given":"Norman","email":"nspahr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":761383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Turk, John T.","contributorId":53363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turk","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":761384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70234245,"text":"70234245 - 1995 - Near real-time monitoring of seismic events and status of portable digital recorders using satellite telemetry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-04T17:06:51.628239","indexId":"70234245","displayToPublicDate":"1995-04-01T11:59:51","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Near real-time monitoring of seismic events and status of portable digital recorders using satellite telemetry","docAbstract":"Near real-time monitoring of seismic events and status of portable 16-bit digital recorders has been established for arrays near Parkfield, Mammoth Lakes, and San Francisco, California. This monitoring system provides near real-time seismic event identification (rough location and magnitude) and a cost-effective means to maintain arrays at near 100% operational level. Principal objectives in the design of this system have been portability and low-cost telemetry. The system has been developed to use portable digital seismic recorders (GEOS—General Earthquake Observation System) and portable data collection platforms (DCP's) for the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GEOS) telemetry system. Data are transferred asynchronously from the GEOS seismic system through a microprocessor-controlled interface every 10 min. The interface stores, determines priority, converts, and synchronously transfers these data to a Sutron Corp. model 8004 DCP for transmission through the GEOS satellite telemetry system. Event parameters include trigger time, peak amplitude, time of peak amplitude, and event duration. Instrument configuration parameters, transmitted at system start-up time and every 24 hr, include recording parameters, trigger parameters, GEOS software version, clock reference, and location parameter. Instrument status includes battery voltage, number of events, and percentage of tape usage. These data are transmitted as appropriate to the U.S. Geological Survey satellite downlink and computers located in Menlo Park, California, where they are processed and displayed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0850020640","usgsCitation":"Mueller, R., Lee, M., Johnston, M., Borcherdt, R.D., Glassmoyer, G., and Silverman, S., 1995, Near real-time monitoring of seismic events and status of portable digital recorders using satellite telemetry: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 85, no. 2, p. 640-645, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0850020640.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"640","endPage":"645","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":404831,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404830,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article/85/2/640/119969/Near-real-time-monitoring-of-seismic-events-and"}],"volume":"85","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, R.J.","contributorId":77135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, Meei-You","contributorId":84396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Meei-You","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnston, M.J.S. 0000-0003-4326-8368","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4326-8368","contributorId":104889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"M.J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Borcherdt, Roger D. 0000-0002-8668-0849 borcherdt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-0849","contributorId":2373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borcherdt","given":"Roger","email":"borcherdt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":848320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Glassmoyer, G.","contributorId":62751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glassmoyer","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Silverman, S.","contributorId":17231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silverman","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70180285,"text":"70180285 - 1995 - Inactivation of Renibacterium salmoninarum by free chlorine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-26T14:34:01","indexId":"70180285","displayToPublicDate":"1995-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inactivation of Renibacterium salmoninarum by free chlorine","docAbstract":"Salmonid fishes contract bacterial kidney disease by vertical or horizontal transmission of the pathogenic bacterium, Renibacterium salmoninarum. Procedures to reduce vertical transmission are under evaluation, but methods are still needed to eliminate sources of waterborne R. salmoninarum. We examined the efficacy of chlorine to inactivate R. salmoninarum. The bacterium was exposed to various levels of chlorine at pH 6, 7, or 8, and at 7.5 °C or 15 °C. At pH 7 and 15 °C, 99% inactivation occurred within 18 s, even at free chlorine concentrations as low as 0.05 mg/l. Chlorine was most effective at neutral or acidic pH, and 15 °C. The inactivation curves for 7.5 °C and pH 7, or 15 °C and pH 8, deviated from first-order kinetics by exhibiting shoulders or a tailing-off effect, suggesting that chlorine and the bacterial cells were not the sole reactants. A plot of the concentration-time (Ct) products for free chlorine at pH 7 and 15 °C produced a line with a slope less than 1, indicating that the duration of exposure was more important than the concentration of free chlorine. These data indicate that R. salmoninarum is very sensitive to chlorine, and that this disinfectant may be appropriate for use in fish hatcheries rearing salmonids affected by bacterial kidney disease.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0044-8486(94)00361-Q","usgsCitation":"Pascho, R.J., Landolt, M.L., and Ongerth, J.E., 1995, Inactivation of Renibacterium salmoninarum by free chlorine: Aquaculture, v. 131, no. 3-4, p. 165-175, https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(94)00361-Q.","productDescription":"11 p. ","startPage":"165","endPage":"175","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334084,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"131","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"588b197be4b0ad67323f9838","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pascho, Ronald J.","contributorId":177070,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pascho","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landolt, Marsha L.","contributorId":168835,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Landolt","given":"Marsha","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ongerth, Jerry E.","contributorId":178805,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ongerth","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":4248,"text":"cir1121 - 1995 - Catalogue of U.S. Geological Survey strong-motion records, 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:37","indexId":"cir1121","displayToPublicDate":"1995-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1121","title":"Catalogue of U.S. Geological Survey strong-motion records, 1993","docAbstract":"This report presents accelerogram data of strong ground motion and the response of representative engineered structures during moderate to large earthquakes recorded during 1993.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Map Distribution,","doi":"10.3133/cir1121","usgsCitation":"Switzer, J.C., and Porcella, R.L., 1995, Catalogue of U.S. Geological Survey strong-motion records, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1121, 10 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1121.","productDescription":"10 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139349,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1995/1121/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31362,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1995/1121/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e70a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Switzer, J. C. (compiler)","contributorId":73989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Switzer","given":"J.","suffix":"(compiler)","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Porcella, R. L.","contributorId":102869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porcella","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70209257,"text":"70209257 - 1995 - The M2 tide on the Amazon Shelf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-25T14:18:28","indexId":"70209257","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-25T14:08:41","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The M2 tide on the Amazon Shelf","title":"The M2 tide on the Amazon Shelf","docAbstract":"As part of A Multidisciplinary Amazon Shelf Sediment Study (AMASSEDS), moored and shipboard current measurements made over the Amazon shelf during 1990–1991 have been analyzed to determine the dominant semidiurnal tidal constituent, the M2. These results have been combined with coastal sea level data from within the Amazon and Para Rivers, the adjacent shelf, and with satellite‐derived tidal elevation data from off the shelf to provide a more complete description of the M2 tide in this complex river/shelf system. Near the Amazon River mouth the M2 tide propagates across the shelf and through the mouth as a damped progressive wave, with its amplitude decreasing and phase increasing upriver. Over the adjacent shelf north of Cabo Norte, the M2 tide approaches a damped standing wave, with large amplitudes (greater than 1.5 m) near the coast due to near resonance within the coastal embayment formed by the Cabo Norte shoal to the south and Cabo Cassipore to the north. The observed M2 tidal currents are nearly rectilinear and oriented primarily across the local isobaths. Comparisons between tidal observations in both the North Channel and the Cabo Norte‐Cabo Cassipore embayment and a simple variable‐width channel tidal model indicate that (1) most of the M2 tidal energy dissipation occurs over the mid‐ and inner shelf (in water depths less than 20 m) and (2) fluid muds found there cause a significant reduction (of order 50%) in the effective bottom friction felt by the M2 tide. The approximate resonant period of the Cabo Norte‐Cabo Cassipore embayment is 11.9 hours, and at resonance the average energy dissipation per forcing period is roughly 2.2 times the average mechanical energy in the embayment. This damping rate is large enough that the tidal amplification is rather insensitive to forcing frequency, so that the response of the embayment to forcing over the semidiurnal band should be essentially the same. The vertical structure of the M2 tidal current is examined at one outer shelf site located in 65‐m water depth. The observed semimajor axis increases logarithmically with height above bottom within the lowest 1–2 m and reaches a maximum in excess of 0.5 m/s at approximately 11 m above bottom. The mean ellipticity is small (less than 0.1) and positive, indicating clockwise rotation of a nearly rectilinear current, and the semimajor axis is oriented within 10° of the local cross‐isobath direction. The M2 phase increases with height above bottom, with flood at the bottom leading flood at the surface by about 1 hour. A simple, local homogeneous tidal model with time‐ and space‐dependent eddy viscosity simulates the observed near‐bottom velocity reasonably well, however, the model suggests that stratification above the lowest few meters may significantly affect the tidal boundary layer structure at this site. The M2 energy flux onto the Amazon shelf and into the Amazon and Para Rivers has been estimated using current and surface elevation data and the best fit variable‐width channel model results. The net M2 energy flux into the mouths of the Amazon and Para Rivers is 0.47×1010W and 0.19×1010W, respectively. A net M2 energy flux of about 3.3×1010W occurs onto the shelf between the North Channel of the Amazon River and Cabo Cassipore. This stretch of the Amazon shelf accounts for about 1.3% of the global dissipation of the M2 tide.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/94JC01688","usgsCitation":"Beardsley, R., Candela, J., Limeburner, R., Geyer, W.R., Lentz, S.J., Castro, B.M., Cacchione, D., and Carneiro, N., 1995, The M2 tide on the Amazon Shelf: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 100, no. C2, p. 2283-2319, https://doi.org/10.1029/94JC01688.","productDescription":"37 p.","startPage":"2283","endPage":"2319","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373525,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Amazon Shelf","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -60.8203125,\n -33.137551192346145\n ],\n [\n 21.09375,\n -33.137551192346145\n ],\n [\n 21.09375,\n 26.115985925333536\n ],\n [\n -60.8203125,\n 26.115985925333536\n ],\n [\n -60.8203125,\n -33.137551192346145\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"100","issue":"C2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beardsley, R.C.","contributorId":106508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beardsley","given":"R.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Candela, J.L.","contributorId":6884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Candela","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Limeburner, R.","contributorId":104237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Limeburner","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Geyer, W. Rockwell","contributorId":195908,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Geyer","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Rockwell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lentz, Steven J.","contributorId":41687,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lentz","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6706,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":785609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Castro, Belmiro M.","contributorId":223606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Castro","given":"Belmiro","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cacchione, D.A.","contributorId":65448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cacchione","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":785611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Carneiro, Nelson","contributorId":223607,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carneiro","given":"Nelson","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70248334,"text":"70248334 - 1995 - Graphical and PC-software analysis of volcano eruption precursors according to the Materials Failure Forecast Method (FFM)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-07T18:42:34.029165","indexId":"70248334","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-01T13:34:03","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Graphical and PC-software analysis of volcano eruption precursors according to the Materials Failure Forecast Method (FFM)","docAbstract":"The Materials Failure Forecasting Method for volcanic eruptions (FFM) analyses the rate of precursory phenomena. Time of eruption onset is derived from the time of “failure” implied by accelerating rate of deformation. The approach attempts to fit data, Ω, to the differential relationship Ω
Several kinds of eruption precursory phenomena, all simulating accelerating creep during the mechanical deformation of the system, can be used with FFM. Among these are tilt data, slope-distance measurements, crater fault movements and seismicity. The use of seismic coda, seismic amplitude-derived energy release and time-integrated amplitudes or coda lengths are examined. Usage of cumulative coda length directly has some practical advantages to more rigorously derived parameters, and RSAM and SSAM technologies appear to be well suited to real-time applications.
One graphical and four numerical techniques of applying FFM are discussed. The graphical technique is based on an inverse representation of rate versus time. For α = 2, the inverse rate plot is linear; it is concave upward for α < 2 and concave downward for α > 2. The eruption time is found by simple extrapolation of the data set toward the time axis. Three numerical techniques are based on linear least-squares fits to linearized data sets. The “linearized least-squares technique” is most robust and is expected to be the most practical numerical technique. This technique is based on an iterative linearization of the given rate-time series. The hindsight technique is disadvantaged by a bias favouring a too early eruption time in foresight applications. The “log rate versus log acceleration technique”, utilizing a logarithmic representation of the fundamental differential equation, is disadvantaged by large data scatter after interpolation of accelerations. One further numerical technique, a nonlinear least-squares fit to rate data, requires special and more complex software.
PC-oriented computer codes were developed for data manipulation, application of the three linearizing numerical methods, and curve fitting. Separate software is required for graphing purposes. All three linearizing techniques facilitate an eruption window based on a data envelope according to the linear least-squares fit, at a specific level of confidence, and an estimated rate at time of failure.
In 1968, USGS began a program of basic research in San Francisco Bay that has complemented the research and monitoring elements of the Interagency Program. Although the USGS program ranges its focus of study. From year to year, it has elements of continuity because some measurements have been made routinely for decades. One of these elements has been a study of the spring phytoplankton bloom in South San Francisco Bay. Here I present data from multiple sources to explain why such emphasis has been placed on this biological phenomenon.
","language":"English","publisher":"Interagency","usgsCitation":"Cloern, J., 1995, Ecosystem responses to phytoplankton blooms - examples from south San Francisco Bay: Interagency Ecological Program Newsletter, v. 8, no. 2, p. 10-13.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"10","endPage":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325258,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325257,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.water.ca.gov/iep/newsletters/1995/IEPNewsletterSpring1995.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"South San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.39044189453124,\n 37.76420119453823\n ],\n [\n -122.32177734375,\n 37.803273851858656\n ],\n [\n -122.21466064453125,\n 37.75334401310656\n ],\n [\n -122.14324951171874,\n 37.62945956107554\n ],\n [\n -122.05535888671875,\n 37.5249753680482\n ],\n [\n -121.9317626953125,\n 37.472678309670826\n ],\n [\n -121.98394775390625,\n 37.4356124041315\n ],\n [\n -122.08831787109375,\n 37.43125050179356\n ],\n [\n -122.19268798828126,\n 37.50318937824072\n ],\n [\n -122.28057861328124,\n 37.56199695314352\n ],\n [\n -122.3822021484375,\n 37.6033522588369\n ],\n [\n -122.4151611328125,\n 37.67729913640427\n ],\n [\n -122.40142822265625,\n 37.751172385606196\n ],\n [\n -122.39044189453124,\n 37.76420119453823\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5788b7b3e4b0d27deb386fd6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cloern, J. E.","contributorId":59453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":33295,"text":"b2096 - 1995 - Lithofacies and palynostratigraphy of some Cretaceous and Paleocene rocks, Surghar and Salt Range coal fields, northern Pakistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:15","indexId":"b2096","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2096","title":"Lithofacies and palynostratigraphy of some Cretaceous and Paleocene rocks, Surghar and Salt Range coal fields, northern Pakistan","docAbstract":"The stratigraphic relation between the Cretaceous generally non-coal-bearing Lumshiwal Formation (64 to 150 m thick) and the Paleocene coal-bearing Hangu Formation (5 to 50 m thick) in the Surghar Range of north-central Pakistan is complex. Both formations contain remarkably similar lithofacies: one or two types of sandstone lithofacies; a combined lithofacies of mudstone, claystone, carbonaceous shale, and coal beds; and a rare carbonate lithofacies. An analysis of pollen data from rock samples collected from various stratigraphic positions indicates that the formations are separated by a disconformity and that the age of the Lumshiwal Formation is Early Cretaceous and the age of the Hangu is Paleocene. Previous workers had suggested that the age of the Lumshiwal is Late Cretaceous.\r\n\r\nAn analysis of sedimentologic, stratigraphic, and paleontologic data indicates that both the Lumshiwal and Hangu Formations probably were deposited in shallow-marine and deltaic environments. The rocks of the Lumshiwal become more terrestrial in origin upward, whereas the rocks of the Hangu become more marine in origin upward. The contact between the two formations is associated with a laterally discontinuous lateritic paleosol (assigned to the Hangu Formation) that is commonly overlain by the economically important Makarwal coal bed. This coal bed averages 1.2 m in thickness. No other coal beds in the Surghar Range are as thick or as laterally continuous as the Makarwal coal bed.\r\n\r\nAnalytical data from the Makarwal and one other Hangu coal bed indicate that Surghar Range coal beds range from high-volatile B to high-volatile C bituminous in apparent rank. Averaged, as-received results of proximate and ultimate analyses of coal samples are (1) moisture content, 5.4 percent; (2) ash yield, 12.5 percent; (3) total sulfur content, 5 percent; and (4) calorific value, 11034 Btu/lb (British thermal units per pound). Minor- and trace-element analyses indicate that these coals contain relatively high concentrations of the environmentally sensitive element selenium (average 13.4 ppm (parts per million)), compared to concentrations from United States coals of similar rank.\r\n\r\nThe Makarwal coal bed represents a paleopeat that formed during changing relative ground-water base levels. Relatively low base levels were associated with periods of slow clastic deposition and lateritic paleosol development, followed by relatively high base levels that coincided with increased runoff, marine flooding, and clastic sedimentation that buried the paleopeat of the Makarwal. These environments formed along the northwestern margin of the Indian subcontinent as it drifted northward through equatorial latitudes in the Tethys Sea. The Makarwal coal bed is thin or absent in the northern part of the range where the Lumshiwal and Hangu Formations are the thinnest. Such rapid lateral changes (over about 25 km) in formation thickness and the apparent change in relative ground-water base level indicate that tectonically induced subsidence rates varied across the Surghar Range and influenced the deposition of the rocks that compose the two formations.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ; For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services,","doi":"10.3133/b2096","usgsCitation":"Warwick, P.D., Javed, S., Mashhadi, S., Shakoor, T., Khan, A.M., and Khan, A., 1995, Lithofacies and palynostratigraphy of some Cretaceous and Paleocene rocks, Surghar and Salt Range coal fields, northern Pakistan: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2096, iii, 35 p. ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2096.","productDescription":"iii, 35 p. ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161029,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3164,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2096/index.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b11e4b07f02db6a2419","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":210387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Javed, Shahid","contributorId":32934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Javed","given":"Shahid","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16954,"text":"Geological Survey of Pakistan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":210388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mashhadi, S. Tahir A.","contributorId":74424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mashhadi","given":"S. Tahir A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shakoor, Tariq","contributorId":65512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shakoor","given":"Tariq","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Khan, Asrar M.","contributorId":60279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Khan","given":"Asrar","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Khan, A. Latif","contributorId":78785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Khan","given":"A. Latif","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":3770,"text":"cir1117 - 1995 - The Alaska Mineral Resource Assessment Program: Background information to accompany geologic and mineral-resource maps of the Killik River 1°x3° quadrangle, northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-14T14:51:39.426131","indexId":"cir1117","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1117","title":"The Alaska Mineral Resource Assessment Program: Background information to accompany geologic and mineral-resource maps of the Killik River 1°x3° quadrangle, northern Alaska","docAbstract":"This report summarizes results of integrated geological, geochemical, and geophysical field and laboratory studies conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in the Killik River 1°x3° quadrangle, Brooks Range, northern Alaska. These studies were designed to provide an assessment of the mineral resources of the quadrangle.
The geological and geochemical data were the primary sources of information used to assess the mineral-resource potential of the quadrangle. The presence of permissive host rocks and favorable geochemical signatures in stream- and lake-sediment and (or) heavy-mineral-concentrate samples were used to infer the potential for undiscovered resources of minerals in deposits of different types. The Killik River quadrangle may contain undiscovered resources of preciousand base-metals (principally lead, silver, and zinc) in veins and breccias hosted by Devonian and Mississippian clastic sedimentary rocks or in stratiform massive sulfide deposits hosted primarily by Mississippian and Pennsylvanian sedimentary rocks. Resources of barium, phosphate, and manganese may be present in Mississippian to Jurassic sedimentary rocks. Cretaceous fluvial sedimentary rocks in the northern part of the quadrangle are permissive hosts for uranium deposits, as well as for placer deposits of heavy minerals such as gold and chromite; however, geochemical data suggest that the potential for deposits of this type is low. Numerous coal beds are present in the Cretaceous rocks throughout the northern part of the quadrangle, but the limited thickness and lateral extent of most of the beds reduce their resource potential. Although the southern third of the quadrangle has no potential for petroleum resources, there is potential in the northern two-thirds.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1117","usgsCitation":"Kelley, K., and Mull, C.G., 1995, The Alaska Mineral Resource Assessment Program: Background information to accompany geologic and mineral-resource maps of the Killik River 1°x3° quadrangle, northern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1117, iii, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1117.","productDescription":"iii, 15 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403747,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24128.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":30837,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1995/1117/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":139180,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1995/1117/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Killik River 1°x3° quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156,\n 68\n ],\n [\n -153,\n 68\n ],\n [\n -153,\n 69\n ],\n [\n -156,\n 69\n ],\n [\n -156,\n 68\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4888e4b07f02db51ad60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelley, Karen D. 0000-0002-3232-5809","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3232-5809","contributorId":57817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"Karen D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mull, Charles G.","contributorId":49343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mull","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":4902,"text":"ds17 - 1995 - Geology and mineral and energy resources, Roswell Resource Area, New Mexico; an interactive computer presentation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:06","indexId":"ds17","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"17","title":"Geology and mineral and energy resources, Roswell Resource Area, New Mexico; an interactive computer presentation","docAbstract":"This Compact Disc-Read Only Memory (CD-ROM) contains a program illustrating the geology and mineral and energy resources of the Roswell Resource Area, an administrative unit of the U.S. Bureau of Land Management in east-central New Mexico. The program enables the user to access information on the geology, geochemistry, geophysics, mining history, metallic and industrial mineral commodities, hydrocarbons, and assessments of the area. The program was created with the display software, SuperCard, version 1.5, by Aldus. The program will run only on a Macintosh personal computer. This CD-ROM was produced in accordance with Macintosh HFS standards. The program was developed on a Macintosh II-series computer with system 7.0.1. The program is a compiled, executable form that is nonproprietary and does not require the presence of the SuperCard software.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ds17","issn":"1088-1018","usgsCitation":"Tidball, R.R., and Bartsch-Winkler, S.B., 1995, Geology and mineral and energy resources, Roswell Resource Area, New Mexico; an interactive computer presentation: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 17, 1 computer laser optical disc ;4 3/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds17.","productDescription":"1 computer laser optical disc ;4 3/4 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139878,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"0","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106,33 ], [ -106,35.75 ], [ -103,35.75 ], [ -103,33 ], [ -106,33 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b46ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tidball, Ronald R.","contributorId":12032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tidball","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bartsch-Winkler, S. B.","contributorId":94662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch-Winkler","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3315,"text":"cir1123 - 1995 - The stream-gaging program of the U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:41","indexId":"cir1123","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1123","title":"The stream-gaging program of the U.S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging program provides streamflow data for a variety of purposes. The uses of streamflow data are described, and the growth of the stream-gaging program is related to legislation and the need to manage the Nation's water resources more effectively. A brief description is provided of the data-collection processes, computation of streamflow records, dissemination of data, and the nationwide evaluations of the stream-gaging program. Finally, the challenges for maintaining a viable stream-gaging program are described.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir1123","usgsCitation":"Wahl, K.L., Thomas, W., and Hirsch, R.M., 1995, The stream-gaging program of the U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1123, iv, 22 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1123.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":66,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/circ1123/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":122599,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1995/1123/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30320,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1995/1123/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602621","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wahl, Kenneth L.","contributorId":61024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wahl","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, Wilbert O.","contributorId":22327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Wilbert O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hirsch, Robert M. 0000-0002-4534-075X rhirsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-075X","contributorId":2005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"Robert","email":"rhirsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":146648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":4859,"text":"ds30_1995 - 1995 - 1995 National assessment of United States oil and gas resources; results, methodology, and supporting data","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":4859,"text":"ds30_1995 - 1995 - 1995 National assessment of United States oil and gas resources; results, methodology, and supporting data","indexId":"ds30_1995","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"1995 National assessment of United States oil and gas resources; results, methodology, and supporting data"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":4847,"text":"ds30 - 1996 - 1995 National Assessment of United States oil and gas resources: Results, methodology, and supporting data","indexId":"ds30","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"1995 National Assessment of United States oil and gas resources: Results, methodology, and supporting data"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":4847,"text":"ds30 - 1996 - 1995 National Assessment of United States oil and gas resources: Results, methodology, and supporting data","indexId":"ds30","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"1995 National Assessment of United States oil and gas resources: Results, methodology, and supporting data"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-24T14:19:25.196279","indexId":"ds30_1995","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"30","title":"1995 National assessment of United States oil and gas resources; results, methodology, and supporting data","docAbstract":"This report summarizes the results of a 3-year study of the oil and gas resources of the onshore and state waters of the United States by the U.S. Geological Survey. A parallel study of the Federal offshore is being conducted by the Minerals Management Service. Estimates are made of technically recoverable oil, including measured (proved) reserves, future additions to reserves in existing fields, and undiscovered resources. Estimates are also made of the technically recoverable conventional resources of natural gas in measured reserves, in anticipated growth of reserves in existing fields, and in undiscovered resources. Additionally, an assessment is made of recoverable resources in continuous-type (largely unconventional) accumulations in sandstones, shales, chalks, and coal beds.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds30_1995","usgsCitation":"Gautier, D.L., Dolton, G., Takahashi, K.I., and Varnes, K., 1995, 1995 National assessment of United States oil and gas resources; results, methodology, and supporting data (Release 1): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 30, 1 CDRom, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds30_1995.","productDescription":"1 CDRom","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":139957,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"0","country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125,24.5 ], [ -125,49 ], [ -67,49 ], [ -67,24.5 ], [ -125,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Release 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4917e4b0b290850eee0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gautier, Donald L. gautier@usgs.gov","contributorId":1310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gautier","given":"Donald","email":"gautier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":149960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dolton, G.L.","contributorId":51722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dolton","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Takahashi, K. I.","contributorId":65072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takahashi","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Varnes, K. L.","contributorId":29798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varnes","given":"K. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70185369,"text":"70185369 - 1995 - Using borehole flow logging to optimize hydraulic-test procedures in heterogeneous fractured aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-21T12:13:47","indexId":"70185369","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using borehole flow logging to optimize hydraulic-test procedures in heterogeneous fractured aquifers","docAbstract":"Hydraulic properties of heterogeneous fractured aquifers are difficult to characterize, and such characterization usually requires equipment-intensive and time-consuming applications of hydraulic testing in situ. Conventional coring and geophysical logging techniques provide useful and reliable information on the distribution of bedding planes, fractures and solution openings along boreholes, but it is often unclear how these locally permeable features are organized into larger-scale zones of hydraulic conductivity. New boreholes flow-logging equipment provides techniques designed to identify hydraulically active fractures intersecting boreholes, and to indicate how these fractures might be connected to larger-scale flow paths in the surrounding aquifer. Potential complications in interpreting flowmeter logs include: 1) Ambient hydraulic conditions that mask the detection of hydraulically active fractures; 2) Inability to maintain quasi-steady drawdowns during aquifer tests, which causes temporal variations in flow intensity to be confused with inflows during pumping; and 3) Effects of uncontrolled background variations in hydraulic head, which also complicate the interpretation of inflows during aquifer tests. Application of these techniques is illustrated by the analysis of cross-borehole flowmeter data from an array of four bedrock boreholes in granitic schist at the Mirror Lake, New Hampshire, research site. Only two days of field operations were required to unambiguously identify the few fractures or fracture zones that contribute most inflow to boreholes in the CO borehole array during pumping. Such information was critical in the interpretation of water-quality data. This information also permitted the setting of the available string of two packers in each borehole so as to return the aquifer as close to pre-drilling conditions as possible with the available equipment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/s100400050249","usgsCitation":"Paillet, F., 1995, Using borehole flow logging to optimize hydraulic-test procedures in heterogeneous fractured aquifers: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 3, no. 3, p. 4-20, https://doi.org/10.1007/s100400050249.","productDescription":"17 p. ","startPage":"4","endPage":"20","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337930,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b95e4b0236b68f8293b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paillet, F.L.","contributorId":189369,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paillet","given":"F.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28350,"text":"wri944118 - 1995 - Quality of water in the alluvial aquifer and tributary alluvium of the Fountain Creek valley, southwestern El Paso County, Colorado, 1991-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:35","indexId":"wri944118","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4118","title":"Quality of water in the alluvial aquifer and tributary alluvium of the Fountain Creek valley, southwestern El Paso County, Colorado, 1991-92","docAbstract":"The alluvial aquifer in Fountain Creek Valley between Colorado Springs and Widefield is the source for several public water-supply systems. Since 1981, concentrations of dissolved nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen (nitrate) have exceeded the drinking-water standard of 10 milligrams per liter in several areas of the aquifer. Water-quality data collected quarterly from August 1991 through October 1992 from a network of 63 wells were used to define the spatial and temporal variability of dissolved- oxygen, dissolved-solids, major ions, and nitrogen concentrations in the aquifer. Ground water generally was well oxygenated in the main body of the aquifer, but anoxic conditions occurred near the interface of the aquifer and Fountain Creek. Dissolved-solids concentrations generally were larger, and nitrate concentrations generally were smaller near Fountain Creek than in the main body of the aquifer. Dissolved-solids concentrations generally decreased and nitrate concentrations generally increased with distance from the creek. Ground-water flow toward Fountain Creek and relatively small dissolved-solids concentrations in the main body of the aquifer indicated that the primary source of recharge to the aquifer was surface recharge from precipitation and lawn irrigation. Natural soil nitrogen, lawn fertilizers, and leakage from industrial-waste lagoons seem to be major sources of nitrate in ground water.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944118","usgsCitation":"Lewis, M., 1995, Quality of water in the alluvial aquifer and tributary alluvium of the Fountain Creek valley, southwestern El Paso County, Colorado, 1991-92: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4118, iv, 39 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm. [PGS - 61 p.], https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944118.","productDescription":"iv, 39 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm. [PGS - 61 p.]","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158324,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4118/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57156,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4118/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63ef3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, M.E.","contributorId":65504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70246658,"text":"70246658 - 1995 - Inflation of Long Valley Caldera from one year of continuous GPS observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-12T17:57:47.107623","indexId":"70246658","displayToPublicDate":"1995-02-02T12:44:33","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inflation of Long Valley Caldera from one year of continuous GPS observations","docAbstract":"A permanent Global Positioning System receiver at Casa Diablo Hot Springs, Long Valley Caldera, California was installed in January, 1993, and has operated almost continuously since then. The data have been transmitted daily to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for routine analysis with data from the Fiducial Laboratories for an International Natural sciences Network (FLINN) by the JPL FLINN analysis center. Results from these analyses have been used to interpret the on going deformation at Long Valley, with data excluded from periods when the antenna was covered under 2.5 meters of snow and from some periods when Anti Spoofing was enforced on the GPS signal. The remaining time series suggests that uplift of the resurgent dome of Long Valley Caldera during 1993 has been 2.5±1.1 cm/yr and horizontal motion has been 3.0±0.7 cm/yr at S53W in a no-net-rotation global reference frame, or 1.5±0.7 cm/yr at S14W relative to the Sierra Nevada block. These rates are consistent with uplift predicted from frequent horizontal strain measurements. Spectral analysis of the observations suggests that tidal forcing of the magma chamber is not a source of the variability in the 3 dimensional station location. These results suggest that remotely operated, continuously recording GPS receivers could prove to be a reliable tool for volcano monitoring throughout the world.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/94GL02968","usgsCitation":"Webb, F., Bursik, M., Dixon, T., Farina, F., Marshall, G., and Stein, R.S., 1995, Inflation of Long Valley Caldera from one year of continuous GPS observations: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 22, no. 3, p. 195-198, https://doi.org/10.1029/94GL02968.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"195","endPage":"198","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":418907,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Valley, Long Valley Caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.77106157151525,\n 37.77714255586369\n ],\n [\n -118.84819623944793,\n 37.77777762813558\n ],\n [\n -118.91809953226178,\n 37.78285800990062\n ],\n [\n -118.95505989397981,\n 37.78158794719458\n ],\n [\n -118.99202025569743,\n 37.762534387895315\n ],\n [\n -119.02094575617225,\n 37.7479233342322\n ],\n [\n -119.02255272842058,\n 37.66592091817077\n ],\n [\n -118.98880631120039,\n 37.6245675034359\n ],\n [\n -118.95023897723405,\n 37.6150211385162\n ],\n [\n -118.93497274087208,\n 37.62647662932321\n ],\n [\n -118.91649256001347,\n 37.611838744487486\n ],\n [\n -118.86426596193385,\n 37.59656135748165\n ],\n [\n -118.83534046145903,\n 37.60420044317853\n ],\n [\n -118.80239753036278,\n 37.59847120243916\n ],\n [\n -118.79677312749268,\n 37.56281268104874\n ],\n [\n -118.7871312940012,\n 37.551984393856955\n ],\n [\n -118.65535956961627,\n 37.544339949661804\n ],\n [\n -118.62482709689309,\n 37.53096028596843\n ],\n [\n -118.56376215144638,\n 37.53032309924566\n ],\n [\n -118.53242619259845,\n 37.56472339191225\n ],\n [\n -118.58143884618104,\n 37.632840028139114\n ],\n [\n -118.62402361076873,\n 37.66528488617554\n ],\n [\n -118.67223277822654,\n 37.71170089672235\n ],\n [\n -118.72526286243011,\n 37.75935831734384\n ],\n [\n -118.77106157151525,\n 37.77714255586369\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webb, Frank","contributorId":172624,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webb","given":"Frank","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":877811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bursik, Marcus","contributorId":36030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bursik","given":"Marcus","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":877812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dixon, Timothy","contributorId":191178,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dixon","given":"Timothy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":877813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Farina, Frederic","contributorId":316597,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farina","given":"Frederic","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":877814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Marshall, Grant","contributorId":316598,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marshall","given":"Grant","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":877815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stein, Ross S. 0000-0001-7586-3933 rstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7586-3933","contributorId":2604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"Ross","email":"rstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":877816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70248770,"text":"70248770 - 1995 - 238U-234U-230Th chronometry of Fe-Mn crusts: Growth processes and recovery of thorium isotopic ratios of seawater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-20T19:42:16.353084","indexId":"70248770","displayToPublicDate":"1995-02-01T14:09:49","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"238U-234U-230Th chronometry of Fe-Mn crusts: Growth processes and recovery of thorium isotopic ratios of seawater","title":"238U-234U-230Th chronometry of Fe-Mn crusts: Growth processes and recovery of thorium isotopic ratios of seawater","docAbstract":"Comparison of (
The geological evolution of the northern Peru convergent margin can be traced using samples collected during deep-sea dives of the submersible Nautile. In the Paita area (5°–6°S), the sedimentary sequence was intensively sampled along the main scarp of the middle slope area. It consists of Upper Miocene (7–9 Ma) to Pleistocene siltstone, sandstone and rare dolostone. The age distribution of these samples is the basis for a new geologic interpretation of the multichannel seismic line CDP3.
Siliceous microfossils (both diatoms and radiolarians) show influence of both cold and temperature waters (local species mixed with upwelling ones). Diatom assemblages studied from the NP1-13 and NP1-15 dives bear a strong resemblance to assemblages from the Pisco Formation of southern Peru.
Micropaleontological data from siliceous microfossils, provide evidence for two main unconformities, one is at the base of the Quaternary sequence and the other corresponds to a hiatus of 1 Myr, separating the Upper Miocene (7–8 Ma) sediments from uppermost Miocene (5–6 Ma) sediments.
During the past 400 kyr, a wide rollover fold developed in the middle slope area associated with a major seaward dipping detachment fault. A catastrophic debris a valanche occurred as the results of an oversteepening of the landward flank of the rollover fold. The gravity failure of the slope, recognized by SeaBEAM and hydrosweep mapping, displaced enough material to produce a destructive tsunami which occurred 13.8 ± 2.7 kyr ago.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0377-8398(94)00014-E","usgsCitation":"De Wever, P., Bourgois, J., Caulet, J., Fourtanier, E., Barron, J., and Dumitrica, P., 1995, Stratigraphic significance of siliceous microfossils collected during NAUTIPERC dives (off Peru, 5 °-6°S): Marine Micropaleontology, v. 24, no. 3-4, p. 287-305, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8398(94)00014-E.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"287","endPage":"305","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":420642,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"http://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Peru","otherGeospatial":"Pacific Ocean","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.60595035803571,\n -5.138594399665109\n ],\n [\n -83.60595035803571,\n -6.721676578113986\n ],\n [\n -81.1180992158362,\n -6.721676578113986\n ],\n [\n -81.1180992158362,\n -5.138594399665109\n ],\n [\n -83.60595035803571,\n -5.138594399665109\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"De Wever, P.","contributorId":329533,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"De Wever","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":882559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bourgois, J.","contributorId":83281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bourgois","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":882560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Caulet, J.-P.","contributorId":329534,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Caulet","given":"J.-P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":882561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fourtanier, E.","contributorId":54361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fourtanier","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":882562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barron, J.","contributorId":66416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barron","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":882563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dumitrica, P.","contributorId":329535,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dumitrica","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":882564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":4877,"text":"ds14 - 1995 - National geochronological and natural radioelement data bases","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:44","indexId":"ds14","displayToPublicDate":"1995-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"14","title":"National geochronological and natural radioelement data bases","docAbstract":"This CD-ROM contains both the National Geochronological Data Base [NGDB] and the Natural Radioelement Data Base [NRDB]. Supporting location, geologic, and reference information is provided for both data bases. The NGDB is a compilation of more than 30,000 individual published Pb-alpha, fission-track, K-Ar, Rb-Sr, U-Th-Pb, and Sm-Nd rock and mineral ages reported on approximately 18,000 dated samples from the United States. A program is provided to search the data files by latitude and longitude, state, analytical method, and age range. The NGDB is provided as quote-comma delimited files that can be entered into most commercial spreadsheet programs. The NRDB gives gamma-ray spectrometric analyses of the natural radioelements (U, Th, and K) for more than 8500 whole-rock samples obtained under the USGS Natural Radioelement Distribution Project. A program is provided to search the data files by state, keyword, U content, Th content, and K content.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"The Survey ;\r\nFor sale by USGS Distribution Branch],","doi":"10.3133/ds14","issn":"1088-1018","usgsCitation":"Zartman, R.E., Bush, C.A., and Abston, C., 1995, National geochronological and natural radioelement data bases: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 14, 1 computer laser optical disc :col. ;4 3/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds14.","productDescription":"1 computer laser optical disc :col. ;4 3/4 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139576,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db6983d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zartman, Robert E.","contributorId":47356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zartman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bush, Charles A. cbush@usgs.gov","contributorId":1258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bush","given":"Charles","email":"cbush@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":150010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abston, C. C.","contributorId":30617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abston","given":"C. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185374,"text":"70185374 - 1995 - Modeling the effects of variable groundwater chemistry on adsorption of molybdate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T08:37:54","indexId":"70185374","displayToPublicDate":"1995-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling the effects of variable groundwater chemistry on adsorption of molybdate","docAbstract":"Laboratory experiments were used to identify and quantify processes having a significant effect on molybdate (MoO42−) adsorption in a shallow alluvial aquifer on Cape Cod, assachusetts. Aqueous chemistry in the aquifer changes as a result of treated sewage effluent mixing with groundwater. Molybdate adsorption decreased as pH, ionic strength, and the concentration of competing anions increased. A diffuse-layer surface complexation model was used to simulate adsorption of MoO42−, phosphate (PO43−), and sulfate (SO42−) on aquifer sediment. Equilibrium constants for the model were calculated by calibration to data from batch experiments. The model was then used in a one-dimensional solute transport program to successfully simulate initial breakthrough of MoO42− from column experiments. A shortcoming of the solute transport program was the inability to account for kinetics of physical and chemical processes. This resulted in a failure of the model to predict the slow rate of desorption of MoO42− from the columns. The mobility of MoO42− ncreased with ionic strength and with the formation of aqueous complexes with calcium, magnesium, and sodium. Failure to account for MoO42− speciation and ionic strength in the model resulted in overpredicting MoO42− adsorption. Qualitatively, the laboratory data predicted the observed behavior of MoO42− in the aquifer, where retardation of MoO42− was greatest in uncontaminated roundwater having low pH, low ionic strength, and low concentrations of PO43− and SO42−.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/94WR02675","usgsCitation":"Stollenwerk, K.G., 1995, Modeling the effects of variable groundwater chemistry on adsorption of molybdate: Water Resources Research, v. 31, no. 2, p. 347-357, https://doi.org/10.1029/94WR02675.","productDescription":"11 p. ","startPage":"347","endPage":"357","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337935,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b95e4b0236b68f82944","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stollenwerk, Kenneth G. kgstolle@usgs.gov","contributorId":578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stollenwerk","given":"Kenneth","email":"kgstolle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":685369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70248332,"text":"70248332 - 1995 - Mudflow generated by retrogressive slope failure, Santa Barbara Basin, California continental borderland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-07T18:06:38.257616","indexId":"70248332","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-02T13:01:48","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mudflow generated by retrogressive slope failure, Santa Barbara Basin, California continental borderland","docAbstract":"The morphology and internal geometry of a mudflow deposit on the mainland slope of the Santa Barbara Basin are defined using high-resolution seismic-reflection data in combination with core samples. Sediment failure occurred on a 4 degrees slope in the uppermost part of late Quaternary well-bedded slope deposits. The failure zone extends from water depths of 374-510 m near the base of slope, occupies an area of 4 km 2 , and involved the translation of 0.01-0.02 km 3 of sediment. Major geomorphic features of the mudflow deposit include a headscarp 6-8 m high, a scar 50-700 m wide, and a main body 1 km long and 12 m thick. The hummocky surface of the mudflow deposits, their chaotic internal structure, and the bulbous toe tapering upslope to a thin tail are consistent with mass flow involving extensive internal deformation. Sediment failed in stages, ending with upslope retrogressive retreat of the headwall along the east side of the failure zone. Known sedimentation rates of 0.8-1.4 m/k.y., as well as the presence of a thin (0.15-0.5 m thick) sediment cap resting atop the scar surface, indicate that the failure probably occurred within the past few centuries. A geotechnical analysis incorporating the results of both static and dynamic triaxial strength tests shows that the failure was probably caused by a strong (M nearly equal 7.5) nearby earthquake. The weakened sediment that remained after earthquake shaking continued to flow down the gentle basin slope under the stresses generated by gravity alone. The analysis also shows that much of the slope sediment is marginally stable and that additional mudflows will probably occur during future strong seismic shaking.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1306/D4268022-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Edwards, B.D., Lee, H., and Field, M.E., 1995, Mudflow generated by retrogressive slope failure, Santa Barbara Basin, California continental borderland: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. A65, no. 1, p. 57-68, https://doi.org/10.1306/D4268022-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"68","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":420637,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"http://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Santa Barbara Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.08307971743301,\n 34.61195481822385\n ],\n [\n -121.08307971743301,\n 33.69657785984079\n ],\n [\n -119.03665816737208,\n 33.69657785984079\n ],\n [\n -119.03665816737208,\n 34.61195481822385\n ],\n [\n -121.08307971743301,\n 34.61195481822385\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"A65","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, Brian D. bedwards@usgs.gov","contributorId":3161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Brian","email":"bedwards@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":882550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, Homa J. hjlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":1021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Homa J.","email":"hjlee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":882551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Field, Michael E. mfield@usgs.gov","contributorId":2101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Michael","email":"mfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":882552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5222732,"text":"5222732 - 1995 - Response of northern pintail breeding populations to drought, 1961-1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-27T15:36:43.273317","indexId":"5222732","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of northern pintail breeding populations to drought, 1961-1992","docAbstract":"According to data from the 1960s, northern pintails (Anas acuta) fly north of the Alberta and Saskatchewan prairies during drought resulting in decreasing pintail annual production. Reanalysis of overflight and reduced-production hypotheses using data from 1961-92 indicated that, although the same basic relationships were present, these relationships changed over time. The number of pintails counted in northern survey areas from Alaska through northern Alberta divided by the number in southern areas of Alberta and Saskatchewan was used as an index of overflight (North-South ratio). Variation in total May ponds in southern Alberta and southern Saskatchewan accounted for variation in the North-South ratio during the 1960s (r2 = 0.779, P = 0.004) and 1980s (r2 = 0.251, P = 0.08), but not during the 1970s (r2 = 0.001, P = 0.94), generally a period of high total May ponds. Variation in the North-South ratio accounted for variation in pintail production, measured as the age ratio from hunter harvest (harvest-age ratios), during the 1960s (r2 = 0.688, P = 0.01) but not during the 1970s (r2 = 0.226, P = 0.14) and 1980s (r2 = 0.103, P = 0.29). The lack of a relationship between harvest-age and North-South ratios during the 1980s resulted from lower average age ratios during years when large numbers of pintails were in the southern region. Pintail production in prairie-parkland areas may have declined and, in the 1990s, may be equal to production in the northern regions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3809109","usgsCitation":"Hestbeck, J.B., 1995, Response of northern pintail breeding populations to drought, 1961-1992: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 59, no. 1, p. 9-15, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809109.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"15","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194047,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -179.57624588388762,\n 70.03660125376717\n ],\n [\n -179.57624588388762,\n 48.64428607341597\n ],\n [\n -94.64034350238421,\n 48.64428607341597\n ],\n [\n -94.64034350238421,\n 70.03660125376717\n ],\n [\n -179.57624588388762,\n 70.03660125376717\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"59","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db628393","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hestbeck, Jay B. jay_hestbeck@usgs.gov","contributorId":4247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hestbeck","given":"Jay","email":"jay_hestbeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":336997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70169088,"text":"70169088 - 1995 - A regional monitoring network to investigate the occurrence of agricultural chemicals in near-surface aquifers of the midcontinental USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-20T12:00:28","indexId":"70169088","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T16:45:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A regional monitoring network to investigate the occurrence of agricultural chemicals in near-surface aquifers of the midcontinental USA","docAbstract":"