{"pageNumber":"1331","pageRowStart":"33250","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40904,"records":[{"id":70129616,"text":"70129616 - 1995 - Simulation modeling in a workshop format","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-24T11:02:29","indexId":"70129616","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T11:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Simulation modeling in a workshop format","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Complex ecology: The part-whole relation in ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Prentice Hall PTR","publisherLocation":"Englewood Cliffs, NJ","usgsCitation":"Auble, G.T., Hamilton, D.B., Roelle, J., and Andrews, A.K., 1995, Simulation modeling in a workshop format, chap. <i>of</i> Complex ecology: The part-whole relation in ecosystems, p. 311-313.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"311","endPage":"313","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295717,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544b6a2ee4b03653c63fb1e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hamilton, D. B.","contributorId":54525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roelle, J. E.","contributorId":88292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roelle","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Andrews, A. K.","contributorId":30932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70201384,"text":"70201384 - 1995 - Triton's plumes: Discovery, characteristics, and models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T10:58:03","indexId":"70201384","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T10:56:50","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Triton's plumes: Discovery, characteristics, and models","docAbstract":"<p><span>This chapter presents (1) basic observations and characteristics of Triton's plumes (scale, geometry, optical properties, and temporal behavior); (2) the current best estimates of other parameters that can be derived directly or inferred from the observations (plume duration, wind velocities, particle properties, mass fluxes, energy requirements, and total erupted mass); and (3) a discussion of various models for the mechanisms driving the plumes.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Neptune and Triton","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Arizona Press","publisherLocation":"Tucson, Arizona","isbn":"9780816536092","usgsCitation":"Kirk, R.L., Soderblom, L.A., Brown, R.H., Kieffer, S.W., and Kargel, J., 1995, Triton's plumes: Discovery, characteristics, and models, chap. <i>of</i> Neptune and Triton, p. 949-989.","productDescription":"41 p.","startPage":"949","endPage":"989","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360199,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":360198,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://uapress.arizona.edu/book/neptune-and-triton"}],"otherGeospatial":"Triton","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c122c5ae4b034bf6a856a1d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Cruikshank, Dale P.","contributorId":211073,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cruikshank","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":33257,"text":"NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":753925,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":753914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soderblom, Laurence A. 0000-0002-0917-853X lsoderblom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":2721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"Laurence","email":"lsoderblom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":753916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kieffer, S. W.","contributorId":19186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kieffer","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kargel, J.S.","contributorId":88096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kargel","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70226928,"text":"70226928 - 1995 - Evaluation of viscoplastic slope movement based on triaxial tests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-21T16:27:30.912482","indexId":"70226928","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T10:20:07","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Evaluation of viscoplastic slope movement based on triaxial tests","docAbstract":"<p><span>Viscoplastic soil parameters are used in a nonlinear viscoplastic constitutive model to predict time-dependent displacement of slow-moving landslides. The viscoplastic material parameters are determined by a novel method that uses a standard triaxial apparatus. This method employs data obtained from consolidated drained triaxial tests and consolidated drained stress-controlled strain-rate tests. The methodology was applied to undisturbed samples from the Minor Creek landslide in the Franciscan Terrane of northern California. Viscoplastic parameters determined from the laboratory tests were combined with boring log data to calculate the landslide’s vertical velocity profile. This profile provided a reasonable match to a measured velocity profile obtained from repetitive inclinometer surveys.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Clay and shale slope instability","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/REG10-p39","usgsCitation":"Wong, W.W., Ho, C.L., Iverson, R.M., and Hovind, C., 1995, Evaluation of viscoplastic slope movement based on triaxial tests, chap. <i>of</i> Clay and shale slope instability, v. 10, p. 39-50, https://doi.org/10.1130/REG10-p39.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"50","costCenters":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":393197,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wong, Wylie W. -H.","contributorId":270244,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wong","given":"Wylie","email":"","middleInitial":"W. -H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":828816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ho, Carlton L.","contributorId":26097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ho","given":"Carlton","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":828817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Iverson, Richard M. 0000-0002-7369-3819 riverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"riverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":828818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hovind, Cynthia","contributorId":270245,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hovind","given":"Cynthia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":828819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70199605,"text":"70199605 - 1995 - Applications of the transient tracers tritium/helium-3, and chlorofluorocarbons for tracing and age-dating yound ground water: Field examples from the USA and Germany","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-21T10:07:03","indexId":"70199605","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T10:04:03","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Applications of the transient tracers tritium/helium-3, and chlorofluorocarbons for tracing and age-dating yound ground water: Field examples from the USA and Germany","docAbstract":"<p><span>The transient tracers tritium/helium-3 (</span><sup>3</sup><span>H/</span><sup>3</sup><span>He) and chlorofluorocarbons (CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113) are well suited for tracing and age-dating young ground water. Their detection in ground water indicates waters recharged within the past 30 (</span><sup>3</sup><span>H/</span><sup>3</sup><span>He, CFC-113) to 50 (CFC-11, CFC-12) years, or ground water mixtures that contain at least a portion of young water. The ground water age can be determined independently from measurements of&nbsp;</span><sup>3</sup><span>H/</span><sup>3</sup><span>He, CFC-11, CFC-12, and CFC-113, and in each case refers to the time elapsed since the recharge water was isolated from the soil air. Ground water age can be used to define recharge rates and refine numerical models of ground water flow. Transient tracers are particularly useful in characterising ground water flow in hydrologic systems where, because of insufficient geologic and hydro-logic data, numerical simulation may be difficult. Transient tracers are also useful in defining movement of ground water contaminants in studies aimed, for example, at the design of strategies to safeguard drinking water supplies.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contaminated soil '95: Soils & environment","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-94-011-0415-9_33","usgsCitation":"Drenkard, S., Plummer, N., Busenberg, E., Schlosser, P., Stute, M., and Dorr, H., 1995, Applications of the transient tracers tritium/helium-3, and chlorofluorocarbons for tracing and age-dating yound ground water: Field examples from the USA and Germany, chap. <i>of</i> Contaminated soil '95: Soils & environment, p. 195-196, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0415-9_33.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"195","endPage":"196","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357612,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c110fc4e4b034bf6a8117bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drenkard, S.","contributorId":89292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drenkard","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Busenberg, Eurybiades ebusenbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"Eurybiades","email":"ebusenbe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schlosser, P.","contributorId":106656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlosser","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stute, M.","contributorId":67234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stute","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dorr, H.","contributorId":208112,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dorr","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70245136,"text":"70245136 - 1995 - Jurassic tectonics of northeastern Nevada and northwestern Utah from the perspective of barometric studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-16T15:16:27.260093","indexId":"70245136","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T09:56:12","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5614,"text":"Special Papers of the Geological Society of America","printIssn":"0072-1077","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"Jurassic tectonics of northeastern Nevada and northwestern Utah from the perspective of barometric studies","docAbstract":"<p>Jurassic tectonism in the northeastern Great Basin produced varied structures, many closely associated with widespread magmatism at ca. 155–165 Ma and with local metamorphism. Many of the plutons are of suitable mineralogy for Al-in-hornblende barometry, providing the potential for depth data. We have studied conditions of metamorphism in the Pilot Range and barometry for six Jurassic plutons across the northeastern Great Basin. All barometry results are in harmony with pressures estimated from stratigraphic data, requiring little or no tectonic thickening.</p><p>On the basis of structural styles and barometric data, we divide the northeastern Great Basin into three Jurassic tectonic provinces. An eastern extensional province, largely in western Utah, is characterized by Paleozoic strata that were thrust faulted and then intruded by shallow plutons shortly after or during normal and strike-slip faulting. Extension was probably a short-lived event associated with magmatism, but its west trend indicates a total reorientation of stress at this time, perhaps within transtensional strike-slip zones.</p><p>A central province of modest, and possibly locally extreme, Jurassic shortening in eastern Nevada is characterized by metamorphosed Paleozoic rocks and by thrusts and kilometer-scale southeast-vergent folds. Upper amphibolite facies, but low pressure (3–4 kbar) metamorphism is present near Jurassic plutons in the Pilot Range and Ruby Mountains, probably indicating metamorphism induced by heat from magmas. In contrast, metamorphism in other ranges, which is known only to be pre–Late Cretaceous, indicates thickening of 10–20 km. This thickening may have entirely postdated the Jurassic.</p><p>A western province in north-central Nevada is characterized by preserved Jurassic volcanic rocks and shallow plutons, indicating that little erosion, and probably surface uplift, occurred during the late Mesozoic. Folds and thrust faults indicate minor Jurassic shortening but many structures are undated.</p><p>The low-pressure upper-crustal conditions for demonstrably Jurassic events suggest that higher-pressure metamorphism recorded in the central province is younger (Cretaceous) in age. We suggest that Jurassic structures were caused by distributed minor crustal shortening, manifested mainly as small-scale thrust faults. Local thermal highs created by plutonism produced metamorphic zones in relatively shallow crust. Shortening in the east was manifested by zones of strike-slip, within which plutons were emplaced in tensile niches. Lack of a deep foreland basin and lack of evidence for massive erosion argue against high-relief mountain belts caused by significant crustal shortening.</p><p>Paleozoic rocks metamorphosed at pressures far in excess of stratigraphic burial are restricted to narrow lenses exhumed during Late Cretaceous and Tertiary extension and are bordered by rocks that always have been part of the shallow crust. The abundant shallow-crustal rocks preserved across the region indicate that a conventional hypothesis of large-scale, regional crustal thickening causing many kilometers of surface uplift and consequent erosion is unlikely to have taken place in the Mesozoic.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Jurassic magmatism and tectonics of the North American cordillera","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/SPE299-p267","usgsCitation":"Miller, D., and Hoisch, T.D., 1995, Jurassic tectonics of northeastern Nevada and northwestern Utah from the perspective of barometric studies, chap. <i>of</i> Jurassic magmatism and tectonics of the North American cordillera: Special Papers of the Geological Society of America, v. 299, p. 267-294, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE299-p267.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"267","endPage":"294","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":418161,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada, Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.73127286105404,\n              42.142742776741954\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.73127286105404,\n              39.74944499090975\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.87121894015267,\n              39.74944499090975\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.87121894015267,\n              42.142742776741954\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.73127286105404,\n              42.142742776741954\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"299","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Busby, Cathy","contributorId":113649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busby","given":"Cathy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875650,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Miller, David M. 0000-0003-3711-0441 dmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":140769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David M.","email":"dmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":875648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoisch, Thomas D.","contributorId":61337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoisch","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70094635,"text":"70094635 - 1995 - Preliminary development of the LBL/USGS three-dimensional site-scale model of Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-21T09:47:11","indexId":"70094635","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T09:32:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"seriesNumber":"LBL-37356/UC-814","title":"Preliminary development of the LBL/USGS three-dimensional site-scale model of Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"A three-dimensional model of moisture flow within the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain is being developed at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). This site-scale model covers and area of about 34 km<sup>2</sup> and is bounded by major faults to the north, east and west. The model geometry is defined (1) to represent the variations of hydrogeological units between the ground surface and the water table; (2) to be able to reproduce the effect of abrupt changes in hydrogeological parameters at the boundaries between hyrdogeological units; and (3) to include the influence of major faults. A detailed numerical grid has been developed based on the locations of boreholes, different infiltration zones, hydrogeological units and their outcrops, major faults, and water level data. Contour maps and isopatch maps are presented defining different types of infiltration zones, and the spatial distribution of Tiva Canyon, Paintbrush, and Topopah Spring hydrogeological units. The grid geometry consists of seventeen non-uniform layers which represent the lithological variations within the four main welded and non-welded hydrogeological units. Matrix flow is approximated using the van Genuchten model, and the equivalent continuum approximation is used to account for fracture flow in the welded units. The fault zones are explicitly modeled as porous medium using various assumptions regarding their permeabilities and characteristic curves. One-, two-, and three-dimensional simulations are conducted using the TOUGH2 computer program. Steady-state simulations are performed with various uniform and non-uniform infiltration rates. The results are interpreted in terms of the effect of fault characteristics on the moisture flow distribution, and on location and formation of preferential pathways.","language":"English","publisher":"Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory","publisherLocation":"Berkeley, CA","collaboration":"This work was prepared under U.S. Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098, and DE-A108-78ET44802 administered by the Nevada Operations Office in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey, Denver.","usgsCitation":"Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, 1995, Preliminary development of the LBL/USGS three-dimensional site-scale model of Yucca Mountain, Nevada, xi, 69 p.","productDescription":"xi, 69 p.","numberOfPages":"101","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282614,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Mountain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.75,36.75 ], [ -116.75,37.0 ], [ -116.25,37.0 ], [ -116.25,36.75 ], [ -116.75,36.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6cb6e4b0b29085104b76"}
,{"id":70245135,"text":"70245135 - 1995 - Timing of emplacement of the Haypress Creek and Emigrant Gap plutons: Implications for the timing and controls of Jurassic orogenesis, northern Sierra Nevada, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-16T14:54:04.444072","indexId":"70245135","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T09:24:30","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5614,"text":"Special Papers of the Geological Society of America","printIssn":"0072-1077","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"Timing of emplacement of the Haypress Creek and Emigrant Gap plutons: Implications for the timing and controls of Jurassic orogenesis, northern Sierra Nevada, California","docAbstract":"<p>Pre-Cretaceous rocks in the northern Sierra Nevada are subdivided from west to east into the Smartville, central, Feather River peridotite, and eastern belts. Cretaceous and younger sedimentary rocks form the western boundary of the Smartville belt, but various reverse-fault segments of the Foothills fault system separate the other belts. The Foothills fault system and associated structures involve rocks as young as Kimmeridgian (Late Jurassic) and are truncated by Early Cretaceous plutons. This relationship is often cited as evidence for the Nevadan orogeny which is commonly viewed as a temporally restricted event involving deformation and metamorphism during the Late Jurassic. Recent work, however, suggests that some of the Mesozoic structural fabric in the northern Sierra Nevada may not have been produced during the Late Jurassic, but instead may have formed between Early and Middle Jurassic time. Thus, distinguishing Nevadan-age deformation from older Mesozoic deformation is now one of the more important problems facing geologists working in the northern Sierra Nevada.</p><p>The Haypress Creek pluton crops out in the eastern belt and historically has been cited as a post-Nevadan pluton. It intrudes the Early to Middle Jurassic Sailor Canyon Formation that, together with the overlying Middle Jurassic Tuttle Lake Formation, contains a domainally developed, locally penetrative, northwest-striking cleavage (S<sub>2</sub>). S<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>can be traced into the contact metamorphic aureole of the Emigrant Gap composite pluton, where structural and microtextural evidence indicates that it predates pluton intrusion.</p><p>New U-Pb zircon data for the Haypress Creek pluton suggest an age of 166 ± 3 Ma and previously published U-Pb zircon data for the oldest phase of the Emigrant Gap composite pluton suggest an age of 168 ± 2 Ma. The fossiliferous Sailor Canyon Formation ranges in age from Early Jurassic (Sinemurian) in its lower parts to Middle Jurassic (Bathonian or Bajocian) in its upper parts. The overlying Tuttle Lake Formation contains S<sub>2</sub>, which formed prior to emplacement of the Emigrant Gap and Haypress Creek plutons at ca. 168–166 Ma. This relationship suggests that the Tuttle Lake Formation must have been deposited and deformed entirely within the Middle Jurassic. Thus, S<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and associated structures within the eastern belt formed prior to Late Jurassic Nevadan deformation associated with the Foothills fault system.</p><p>There are two end-member models used to explain the plate tectonic evolution of pre-Cretaceous rocks in the northern Sierra Nevada. These are referred to as the arc-continent collision and single, wide-arc models. Data discussed herein do not preclude either of these models for Early to Middle Jurassic time. However, regardless of which of these models is favored, both scenarios place the approximately 168 Ma and younger Jurassic volcanic and plutonic rocks of the Smartville, central, and eastern belts in a distinctly intra-arc setting and further imply that the Foothills fault system and related Late Jurassic structures are also of intra-arc character. We conclude that there is no evidence along 39°30′N latitude for arc-continent collision during the Nevadan orogeny.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Jurassic magmatism and tectonics of the North American cordillera","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/SPE299-p191","usgsCitation":"Girty, G.H., Hanson, R.E., Girty, M.S., Schweickert, R.A., Harwood, D.S., Yoshinobu, A.S., Bryan, K.A., Skinner, J.E., and Hill, C.A., 1995, Timing of emplacement of the Haypress Creek and Emigrant Gap plutons: Implications for the timing and controls of Jurassic orogenesis, northern Sierra Nevada, California, chap. <i>of</i> Jurassic magmatism and tectonics of the North American cordillera: Special Papers of the Geological Society of America, v. 299, p. 191-201, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE299-p191.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"201","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":418160,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.64990912748183,\n              39.83746765119142\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.64990912748183,\n              39.17253338323965\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.1935947591659,\n              39.17253338323965\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.1935947591659,\n              39.83746765119142\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.64990912748183,\n              39.83746765119142\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        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H.","contributorId":99731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Girty","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanson, Richard E.","contributorId":72559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Girty, Melissa S.","contributorId":41179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Girty","given":"Melissa","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schweickert, Richard A.","contributorId":60107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schweickert","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harwood, David S.","contributorId":48153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harwood","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yoshinobu, Aaron S.","contributorId":310424,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yoshinobu","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bryan, Kevin A.","contributorId":310425,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bryan","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Skinner, June E.","contributorId":310426,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Skinner","given":"June","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hill, Chris A.","contributorId":310427,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hill","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70199599,"text":"70199599 - 1995 - The value of postaudits in groundwater model applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-21T09:09:37","indexId":"70199599","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T09:08:18","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The value of postaudits in groundwater model applications","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Groundwater models for resources analysis and management ","language":"English","publisher":"Lewis","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton, FL","usgsCitation":"Konikow, L.F., 1995, The value of postaudits in groundwater model applications, chap. <i>of</i> Groundwater models for resources analysis and management , p. 59-78.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"78","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357610,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c110fc5e4b034bf6a8117c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70199591,"text":"70199591 - 1995 - Isotope tracers on water and solute sources in catchments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-21T08:03:13","indexId":"70199591","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T08:00:18","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Isotope tracers on water and solute sources in catchments","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Solute modelling in catchment systems","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"New York","usgsCitation":"Kendall, C., Sklash, C., and Bullen, T.D., 1995, Isotope tracers on water and solute sources in catchments, chap. <i>of</i> Solute modelling in catchment systems, p. 261-303.","productDescription":"43 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"303","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357603,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c110fc5e4b034bf6a8117c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sklash, C.","contributorId":208098,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sklash","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bullen, Thomas D. 0000-0003-2281-1691 tdbullen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2281-1691","contributorId":1969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"Thomas","email":"tdbullen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":2002017,"text":"2002017 - 1995 - ENSO events in the northern Gulf of Alaska, and effects on selected marine fisheries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T09:37:26","indexId":"2002017","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"36:78-96","title":"ENSO events in the northern Gulf of Alaska, and effects on selected marine fisheries","docAbstract":"The 1991-93 El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event first appeared in the northern Gulf of Alaska in autumn 1991 with warm sea-surface temperatures. In winter 1992, there were pulses of increased sea level and anomalous circulation. El Nino conditions persisted at least through summer 1993. The effects of this ENSO event on major groundfish species and Pacific herring in the northern Gulf of Alaska were examined and compared with the effects of previous ENSO events. There is little evidence that the 1991-93 or 1982-83 ENSO events affected landings of walleye pollock, Pacific cod, Pacific halibut, or arrowtooth flounder. Some changes in distribution of groundfish species were observed in 1993, but the effect was similar to changes observed in non-ENSO warm years. In general, warm ocean conditions have a positive effect on recruitment of northern stocks, but ENSO events appear to have an inconsistent effect on year-class strength within species and among different species. For example, strong year classes of halibut and arrowtooth flounder sometimes, but not always, coincide with ENSO events; ENSO events are associated with moderate to weak year classes of cod and pollock. However, post-ENSO warm years often are associated with strong recruitment of many groundfish species. Major changes have occurred in the Gulf of Alaska ecosystem since 1977. The influence of the 1976 ENSO event in precipitating these changes and the role of the frequency or strength of subsequent El Nino events is presently unknown. Herring and other stocks of small pelagic fishes may be more affected by ENSO events. In particular, decreased catches, recruitment, and weight-at-age of herring are sometimes associated with ENSO events. Furthermore, a variety of seabirds which feed mostly on pelagic forage fishes or the pelagic juvenile stages of groundfish suffered widespread mortalities and breeding failures in the Gulf of Alaska during the ENSO years of 1983 and 1993. These effects on seabirds were also observed over a wider geographic range, from California to the western Bering Sea.","language":"English","publisher":"California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) ","issn":"0575-3317","usgsCitation":"Bailey, K., Macklin, S., Reed, R., Brodeur, R., Ingraham, W., Piatt, J.F., Shima, M., Francis, R., Anderson, P., Royer, T., Hollowed, A., Somerton, D., and Wooster, W., 1995, ENSO events in the northern Gulf of Alaska, and effects on selected marine fisheries, 78-96.","productDescription":"78-96","startPage":"78","endPage":"96","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197757,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c302","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, K.M.","contributorId":80781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Macklin, S.A.","contributorId":31493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macklin","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reed, R.K.","contributorId":27582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brodeur, R.D.","contributorId":18873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brodeur","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ingraham, W.J.","contributorId":13339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingraham","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":325936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Shima, M.","contributorId":57564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shima","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Francis, R.C.","contributorId":62709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francis","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Anderson, P.J.","contributorId":83058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Royer, T.C.","contributorId":107817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royer","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Hollowed, A.","contributorId":99663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollowed","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Somerton, D.A.","contributorId":20859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Somerton","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Wooster, W.S.","contributorId":80379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooster","given":"W.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":1000952,"text":"1000952 - 1995 - Limitations to lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) rehabilitation in the Great Lakes imposed by biotic interactions occurring at early life stages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-08T12:11:10.669299","indexId":"1000952","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Limitations to lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) rehabilitation in the Great Lakes imposed by biotic interactions occurring at early life stages","docAbstract":"<p>We examine evidence that biotic factors, particularly predation, may be limiting early survival of wild lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) juveniles in many areas of the Great Lakes. The Great Lakes contain numerous potential predators of lake trout eggs and fry, some of which are recent invaders, and most of which were probably absent when lake trout most recently re-invaded the Great Lakes after the last ice age. Simple quantitative models of predation suggest that plausible assumptions about prey densities, predator feeding rates, and duration of exposure of predator to prey can lead to very high estimates of predation mortality, in some instances approaching 100%. Indirect evidence from inter-Great Lake comparisons and inland lake examples also suggest that biotic factors may impede successful lake trout colonization. Our synthesis of the evidence leads to recommendations for research to better define field feeding rates of lake trout egg and fry predators and comparative studies of densities of potential egg and fry predators on lake trout spawning reefs. Management options should be designed to provide useful information as well as achieve short-term goals. From a management standpoint we recommend that: newly constructed lake trout reefs should be placed well away from concentrations of potential predators; offshore spawning reefs should be stocked; salmonine stocking, nutrient abatement, and commercial harvest of alewives should all be considered as options to enhance survival of young lake trout; hatchery lake trout should not be stocked at sites where wild lake trout are showing signs of recovery; and exotic species expansions or introductions must be curtailed to maintain or improve on our recent successes in lake trout rehabilitation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","usgsCitation":"Jones, M., Eck, G.W., Evans, D.O., Fabrizio, M.C., Hoff, M.H., Hudson, P.L., Janssen, J., Jude, D., O’Gorman, R., and Savino, J.F., 1995, Limitations to lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) rehabilitation in the Great Lakes imposed by biotic interactions occurring at early life stages: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 21, p. 505-517.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"505","endPage":"517","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133621,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a5296","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Michael L.","contributorId":7219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Michael L.","affiliations":[{"id":6590,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":309949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eck, Gary W.","contributorId":106053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eck","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, David O.","contributorId":89854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fabrizio, Mary C.","contributorId":77471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fabrizio","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hoff, Michael H.","contributorId":23878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoff","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hudson, Patrick L. 0000-0002-7646-443X phudson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7646-443X","contributorId":5616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Patrick","email":"phudson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Janssen, John","contributorId":52543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janssen","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jude, David","contributorId":51702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jude","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"O’Gorman, Robert rogorman@usgs.gov","contributorId":3451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Gorman","given":"Robert","email":"rogorman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":309947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Savino, Jacqueline F. jsavino@usgs.gov","contributorId":2213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savino","given":"Jacqueline","email":"jsavino@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":1000617,"text":"1000617 - 1995 - Use of a simulation model to reconstruct PCB concentrations in prey of Lake Ontario lake trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-16T18:49:23.781742","indexId":"1000617","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of a simulation model to reconstruct PCB concentrations in prey of Lake Ontario lake trout","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es00010a023","usgsCitation":"Madenjian, C.P., Whittle, M.D., Elrod, J.H., O’Gorman, R., and Owens, R.W., 1995, Use of a simulation model to reconstruct PCB concentrations in prey of Lake Ontario lake trout: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 29, no. 10, p. 2610-2615, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00010a023.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"2610","endPage":"2615","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133449,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"New York, Quebec","otherGeospatial":"Lake Ontario","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.96875866647707,\n              43.30097140133955\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.85098947609181,\n              43.245235783248916\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.639004933398,\n              43.19803500877643\n            ],\n            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-76.07059846472055,\n              44.379711121822254\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.31791376452931,\n              44.32076104640191\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.51223292866568,\n              44.249099102921235\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.66533287616654,\n              44.24066253874844\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.86554049982207,\n              44.173126468903945\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.9420904735725,\n              44.25753445716043\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.15407501626565,\n              44.19423980865872\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.18351731386211,\n              44.21956583491823\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.31306342328638,\n              44.20690418290948\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.66048253492289,\n              44.08436787192554\n            ],\n            [\n              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-79.96875866647707,\n              43.30097140133955\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db605120","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madenjian, Charles P. 0000-0002-0326-164X cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":308920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whittle, Michael D.","contributorId":35277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whittle","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elrod, Joseph H.","contributorId":72737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elrod","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Gorman, Robert rogorman@usgs.gov","contributorId":3451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Gorman","given":"Robert","email":"rogorman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":308921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Owens, Randall W.","contributorId":23871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owens","given":"Randall","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1000662,"text":"1000662 - 1995 - Abundance indices for determining the status of lake trout restoration in Michigan waters of Lake Superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-29T10:38:53","indexId":"1000662","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Abundance indices for determining the status of lake trout restoration in Michigan waters of Lake Superior","docAbstract":"Self-sustaining populations of lake trout <i>Salvelinus namaycush</i> have returned to most areas in Lake Superior, but progress toward achieving historic commercial yields has been difficult to measure because of unrecorded losses to predation by sea lamprey <i>Petromyzon marinus</i> and to fisheries.  Consequently, we developed restoration targets (catch per effort, CPE; geometric mean number per kilometer of 114-mm stretch-meaure gill net during 1929-1943, when historic yields were sustained) from linear relationships between CPE in commercial and assessment fisheries in Michigan.  Target CPEs for lake trout restoration were higher and less variable than the modern CPEs in all areas.  Modern CPEs generally increased during the 1970s and early 1980s but declined during the late 1980s and early 1990s.  Modern CPEs were highest in western Michigan from the Keweenaw Peninsula to Marquette (71 to 81% of target CPEs), but coefficients of variation (CV,SD/mean) of mean CPEs were 1.4 to 2.4 times greater than target CVs.  Around Munising, the modern CPE was lower (41% of the target CPE), whereas the CV was 1.9 times greater than the target CV.  Around Grand Marais, the modern CPE was lowest among all areas (17% of the target CPE), but the CV was nearly the same (1.1 times the target CV).  In Whitefish Bay, the modern CPE was only 28% of the target CPE and the CV was 9.0 times greater, though the modern period was based on only the years 1979-1982 and 1984-1985. Further progress in restoration in most areas can be achieved only if fishery managers adequately protect existing stocks of wild fish from sea lamprey predation and fishery exploitation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1995)015<0830:AIFDTS>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hansen, M.J., Schorfhaar, R.G., Peck, J.W., Selgeby, J.H., and Taylor, W., 1995, Abundance indices for determining the status of lake trout restoration in Michigan waters of Lake Superior: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 15, no. 4, p. 830-837, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1995)015<0830:AIFDTS>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"p. 830-837","startPage":"830","endPage":"837","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266674,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1995)015<0830:AIFDTS>2.3.CO;2"},{"id":133373,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a378a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, Michael J. 0000-0001-8522-3876 michaelhansen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8522-3876","contributorId":5006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Michael","email":"michaelhansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schorfhaar, Richard G.","contributorId":76258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schorfhaar","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peck, James W.","contributorId":78277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peck","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Selgeby, James H.","contributorId":89828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selgeby","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Taylor, William W.","contributorId":49735,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"William W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1000823,"text":"1000823 - 1995 - Oligochaete fauna of western Lake Erie 1961 and 1982: Signs of sediment quality recovery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-14T11:03:26","indexId":"1000823","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oligochaete fauna of western Lake Erie 1961 and 1982: Signs of sediment quality recovery","docAbstract":"<p><span>The oligochaete fauna at 40 stations in western Lake Erie were collected in 1982 and compared to oligochaete fauna collected similarly in 1961. A total of 34 taxa, representing 18 Tubificidae and 16 Naididae, were identified. Changes in the proportions of low, moderate, and heavy polluted sediments, as determined by ranges of total numbers of oligochaetes, indicate that, in general, heavy pollution substantially decreased near shore and moderate pollution increased and low pollution decreased in open waters over the 21-year comparison. The most common taxon, the eutrophic species,<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span></span><i>Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri</i><span>, decreased in abundance in open water, indicating decreased eutrophication, whereas the distribution and abundance of other indicator taxa, including the eutrophic species<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span></span><i>L. maumeensis</i><span>,<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span></span><i>L. cervix</i><span>,<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span></span><i>Quistadrilus multisetosus multisetosus</i><span>, and mesotrophic species<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span></span><i>Ilyodrilus templetoni</i><span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>and three species of</span><i>Aulodrilus</i><span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>indicate increased eutrophication in open water. In general, oligochaete trophic indices (based on tubificid species and abundances) in traditional area designations used in 1961, the nearshore designation (&lt;3.5 km from shore), and areas defined by cluster analysis confirm results of less eutrophic substrates near shore. However, traditional analysis indicates that low pollution was replaced by moderate pollution in open waters and cluster analysis indicates that the zone of least detectable pollution increased in open waters over the 21-year comparison. It may be that the open waters of western Lake Erie were in a stage of transition between pollution designations when sampled in 1982. The present study is valuable because it provides a baseline to assess environmental changes observed in western Lake Erie after many years of pollution abatement programs and before the exponential increase in densities of the trophic shifting zebra mussel<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span></span><i>Dreissena polymorpha.</i></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(95)71040-1","usgsCitation":"Schloesser, D.W., Reynoldson, T.B., and Manny, B.A., 1995, Oligochaete fauna of western Lake Erie 1961 and 1982: Signs of sediment quality recovery: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 21, no. 3, p. 294-306, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(95)71040-1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"294","endPage":"306","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133561,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af1e4b07f02db69178f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schloesser, Don W.","contributorId":21485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schloesser","given":"Don","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynoldson, Trefor B.","contributorId":42177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynoldson","given":"Trefor","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Manny, Bruce A. 0000-0002-4074-9329 bmanny@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4074-9329","contributorId":3699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manny","given":"Bruce","email":"bmanny@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1015919,"text":"1015919 - 1995 - Landscape characteristics of fragmented shrubsteppe habitats and breeding passerine birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-20T12:10:06.97662","indexId":"1015919","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape characteristics of fragmented shrubsteppe habitats and breeding passerine birds","docAbstract":"<p>We examined the influence of local and landscape-level attributes of fragmented habitats in shrubsteppe habitats on the breeding distributions of Sage (<i>Amphispiza belli</i>) and Brewer's (<i>Spizella breweri</i>) Sparrows, Sage Thrashers (<i>Oreoscoptes montanus</i>), Horned Larks (<i>Eremophila alpestris</i>), and Western Meadowlarks (<i>Sturnella neglecta</i>) in the Snake River Plains of southwestern Idaho. We developed habitat (resource) selection models for each species by combining bird counts conducted from 1991 through 1933 with local vegetation characteristics and landscape attributes derived from satellite imagery. Site selection by shrubsteppe species (Sage and Brewer's Sparrows, and Sage Thrashers) depended on local vegetation cover and landscape features, such as the patch size of shrub habitats or the spatial similarity of sites. Marginal sites for these species (with species present in one of three years) were intermediate between unoccupied (never present) and occupied sites along environmental gradients characterized by increasing size of shrub habitat patches and total shrub cover and by decreasing disturbance. Horned Larks and Western Meadowlarks, typical grassland species, were not sensitive to landscape features, and their occupancy depended on the amount of grassland or shrub cover. In contrast to shrubsteppe species, sites that varied by occupancy rates of Western Meadowlarks did not significantly differ in vegetation or landscape components. Our results demonstrate that fragmentation of shrubsteppe significantly influenced the presence of shrub-obligate species. Because of restoration difficulties, the disturbance of semiarid shrubsteppe may cause irreversible loss of habitat and significant long-term consequences for the conservation of shrub-obligate birds.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.9051041.x-i1","usgsCitation":"Knick, S.T., and Rotenberry, J., 1995, Landscape characteristics of fragmented shrubsteppe habitats and breeding passerine birds: Conservation Biology, v. 9, no. 5, p. 1059-1071, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.9051041.x-i1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1059","endPage":"1071","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133881,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Snake River Plains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.20422873926407,\n              44.28542744124934\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.10998898715738,\n              44.23818404862118\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.94978140857629,\n              44.1773867620021\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.99690128462979,\n              44.096226101013684\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.98747730941903,\n              43.967493594128456\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.02517321026174,\n              43.804484465221606\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.03459718547222,\n              41.98898384643502\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.34876425043639,\n              42.00299148631626\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.34876425043639,\n              42.303409751956934\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.12258884538058,\n              42.310379253800335\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.85871753948236,\n              42.14289828604768\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.51945443189895,\n              42.46351304576996\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.18019132431525,\n              42.52605100572734\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.23673517557921,\n              43.68193490904943\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.42521467979226,\n              43.72962287931401\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.62311815921609,\n              43.46344970160325\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.00950114285268,\n              43.37446369977852\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.28279642396167,\n              43.5249787794088\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.61263555633462,\n              43.46344970160325\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.10268226728864,\n              43.49764026216721\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.54560910218919,\n              43.477128247629025\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.76236053203424,\n              43.668302806720135\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.07335171398566,\n              43.75004896707654\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.34664699509466,\n              44.116526724270955\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.31837506946269,\n              44.762464824284706\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.49743059846499,\n              44.93617734315049\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.94035743336582,\n              44.62177609718012\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.20422873926407,\n              44.28542744124934\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6abb18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knick, Steven T. 0000-0003-4025-1704 steve_knick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4025-1704","contributorId":159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knick","given":"Steven","email":"steve_knick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rotenberry, J.T.","contributorId":57015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rotenberry","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1001190,"text":"1001190 - 1995 - Morphological differences in Pacific Coast populations of greater white-fronted geese","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-22T22:07:58.863708","indexId":"1001190","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphological differences in Pacific Coast populations of greater white-fronted geese","docAbstract":"We examined morphological relationships of three Pacific coast populations of Greater White-fronted Geese (Anser albifrons). Adult geese were captured and measured at three breeding areas in Alaska and two wintering areas in California, 1980-1991. A two-step discriminant function analysis examined morphological differences among the three populations. Stepwise discriminant function procedures created the simplest measurement models. Each sex was analyzed separately since multivariate analysis of variance indicated that males were significantly larger than females for all three populations. Tule Greater White-fronted Geese (A. a. gambelli) were significantly larger than Pacific Greater White-fronted Geese (A. a. frontalis), hereafter Pacific Geese. The first step of discriminant function analysis created models to differentiate Tule Geese from the Pacific Geese. Bivariate stepwise discriminant function models consisting of only two measurements correctly classified 92% of males (bill height, bill width) and 96% of females (bill height, culmen) of these subspecies. The second step of discriminant function analysis compared a small population of Pacific Geese from the Bristol Bay Lowlands (BBL) of southwestern Alaska with the large population of Pacific Geese that breed on the Yukon-Kuskokwim River Delta (YKD) of westcentral Alaska. We developed models with three (culmen, diagonal tarsus, midtoe) and five (culmen, diagonal tarsus, midtoe, total tarsus, bill height) measurements from stepwise discriminant function analyses to correctly classify 72% of males and 74% of females of these populations. Thus, morphology of Tule Geese differed highly significantly from Pacific Geese, as expected but differences between populations from the BBL and YKD areas were also significant. Morphometric analyses as these provided supporting evidence for clinal variation in populations of Greater White-fronted Geese. They also underscore a need for further studies of differences among North American populations of Greater White-fronted Geese to resolve classification and to allow formulation of subpopulation/subspecies management strategies.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1368990","usgsCitation":"Orthmeyer, D., Takekawa, J.Y., Ely, C.R., Wege, M., and Newton, W., 1995, Morphological differences in Pacific Coast populations of greater white-fronted geese: Condor, v. 97, p. 123-132, https://doi.org/10.2307/1368990.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"132","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503065,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol97/iss1/13","text":"External Repository"},{"id":133725,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b475b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orthmeyer, D.L.","contributorId":84684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orthmeyer","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":310690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ely, Craig R. 0000-0003-4262-0892 cely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4262-0892","contributorId":3214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"Craig","email":"cely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wege, M.","contributorId":13940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wege","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Newton, W.E.","contributorId":13567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1001188,"text":"1001188 - 1995 - How much habitat management is needed to meet mallard production objectives?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-14T10:38:03","indexId":"1001188","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How much habitat management is needed to meet mallard production objectives?","docAbstract":"We used results from simulation models to demonstrate the benefit-cost ratios of habitat management to increase the number of mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) recruits produced. The models were applied to hypothetical 2-habitat landscapes comprised of managed and unmanaged habitat. Managed habitats were predator barrier fencing and CRP cover; unmanaged habitat was grassland. As the amount of managed cover increased, the production curve rose rapidly and leveled off. If 2 managed habitats are added to a landscape, the cover can compete for available nesting hens, thus negating the benefits of 1 of the covers. After converting benefits and costs to dollars, we determined the point at which maximum net benefit occurs. We present an equation that can be used to determine the maximum net benefit of a management treatment given the size of the breeding population and the values of costs and benefits. Our examples demonstrate that, on local areas, it is inefficient to spend money for habitat management once maximum net benefit has been attained. If desired production can not be attained efficiently on an area, the manager can invest effort on alternative areas with greater management potential. If recruitment is inadequate to maintain a stable population, managers should manage to increase recruitment before attempting to attract additional breeding pairs. If recruitment more than maintains the breeding population, managers should attempt to attract additional breeding pairs to the area.","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","usgsCitation":"Cowardin, L., Shaffer, T., and Kraft, K., 1995, How much habitat management is needed to meet mallard production objectives?: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 23, no. 1, p. 48-55.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"48","endPage":"55","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133899,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bd69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cowardin, L.M.","contributorId":106435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowardin","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shaffer, T.L.","contributorId":98245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kraft, K.M.","contributorId":91453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraft","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1000783,"text":"1000783 - 1995 - Waterbird predation on fish in western Lake Erie: a bioenergetics model application","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-14T13:59:32","indexId":"1000783","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Waterbird predation on fish in western Lake Erie: a bioenergetics model application","docAbstract":"<p>To better understand the role of piscivorous waterbirds in the food web of western Lake Erie, we applied a bioenergetics model to determine their total fish consumption, The important nesting species included the Herring Gull (Larus argentatus), Ring-billed Gull (L. delawarensis), Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus), Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias), Black-crowned Night-Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax), and Great Egret (Casmerodius albus). The impact of migrant waterbirds, including the Red-breasted Merganser (Mergus serrator), on western Lake Erie fish biomass was also considered in the analysis. According to the modeling results, during the early 1990s, piscivorous waterbirds consumed 13,368 tonnes of fish from western Lake Erie each year. This tonnage was equivalent to 15.2% of the prey fish biomass needed to support the walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) population in western Lake Erie during a single growing season. The model application was useful in quantifying energy flow between birds and fish in a large lake ecosystem.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/1368992","usgsCitation":"Madenjian, C.P., and Gabrey, S.W., 1995, Waterbird predation on fish in western Lake Erie: a bioenergetics model application: Condor, v. 97, no. 1, p. 141-153, https://doi.org/10.2307/1368992.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"153","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129161,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ad77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madenjian, Charles P. 0000-0002-0326-164X cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gabrey, Steven W.","contributorId":40927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gabrey","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1000782,"text":"1000782 - 1995 - Effect of gear selectivity on recommended allowable harvest with application to the Lake Erie yellow perch fishery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-21T11:42:24","indexId":"1000782","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of gear selectivity on recommended allowable harvest with application to the Lake Erie yellow perch fishery","docAbstract":"<div class=\"paragraph\">Because the 57-mm-mesh gill net is the predominant gear in the Lake Eric fishery for yellow perch&nbsp;<i>Perca flavescens</i>, gear selectivity is an important factor operating in that fishery. The selectivity curve for age-groups 2&ndash;6 is roughly symmetrical with peak vulnerability at age 4; younger and older perch are substantially less susceptible to the gear. The Beverton-Holt yield-per-recruit and Ricker equilibrium yield models were applied to the west-central Lake Erie yellow perch fishery to examine the effect of gear selectivity on yield-per-recruit analysis. All fish older than a specified recruitment age are assumed to he equally vulnerable in the Beverton-Holt yield-per-recruit analysis, but the Ricker equilibrium yield model can explicitly accommodate gear selectivity. Optimal fishing rate was estimated with both models, and then recommended allowable harvests were generated based on yellow perch population size estimates. Inclusion of gear selectivity in the yield-per-recruit analysis resulted in a 12% decrease in recommended allowable harvest. When skewed gear selectivity curves were investigated, gear selectivity had a still more pronounced effect on recommended allowable harvest.</div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1995)015<0079:EOGSOR>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Madenjian, C.P., and Ryan, P.A., 1995, Effect of gear selectivity on recommended allowable harvest with application to the Lake Erie yellow perch fishery: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 15, no. 1, p. 79-83, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1995)015<0079:EOGSOR>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"83","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133618,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db6254e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madenjian, Charles P. 0000-0002-0326-164X cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryan, Philip A.","contributorId":99103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1016016,"text":"1016016 - 1995 - Survival and population size estimation in raptor studies: A comparison of two methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:52","indexId":"1016016","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival and population size estimation in raptor studies: A comparison of two methods","docAbstract":"ABSTRACT.--The Jolly-Seber model is a capture-recapture model that can provide less-biased survival and population size estimates than those produced from simple counting procedures. Parameter estimation by simple counts and Jolly-Seber methods are based on certain assumptions that directly determine the validity of estimates. Evuluation of assumptions for parameter estimation is a focus of this paper and used as a basis for determining which methods are more likely to produce better estimates. An example of population size and survival estimation for a peregrine falcon(Falco peregrinus) population in western Greenland is used to compare the two methods.Based on results from the Greenland peregrine population,\r\nand an assessment of the underlying assumptions of simple counts and the Jolly-Seber model,we suggest that Jolly-Seber estimation of survival and population size is less biased than simple counts in studies with marked birds. We recommend the use of a Jolly-Seber analysis of data when capture-recapture techniques are employed in raptor population studies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Raptor Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Gould, W., and Fuller, M.R., 1995, Survival and population size estimation in raptor studies: A comparison of two methods: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 29, no. 4, p. 256-264.","productDescription":"p. 256-264","startPage":"256","endPage":"264","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":135000,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db68831e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gould, William R.","contributorId":63780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gould","given":"William R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, Mark R. 0000-0001-7459-1729 mark_fuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7459-1729","contributorId":2296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Mark","email":"mark_fuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1003039,"text":"1003039 - 1995 - Efficacy and toxicity of formalin solutions containing paraformaldehyde for fish and egg treatments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-23T15:35:12.507886","indexId":"1003039","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Efficacy and toxicity of formalin solutions containing paraformaldehyde for fish and egg treatments","docAbstract":"<p><span>Formalin used for fish and egg treatments at hatcheries often develops a white precipitate called paraformaldehyde when stored at low temperatures. This presents a problem for hatchery managers because most of the literature and treatment procedures claim that formalin containing paraformaldehyde is more toxic than pure formalin and is not safe for fish or egg treatments. Acute toxicity tests with rainbow trout (</span><i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i><span>) and channel catfish (</span><i>Ictalurus punctatus</i><span>) showed that the toxicity of formalin solutions containing a moderate amount of fine paraformaldehyde was similar to that of pure formalin. In efficacy tests on fish eggs, the bottom fraction of a formalin solution containing paraformaldehyde and a sample from the clear top fraction were equally effective in controlling fungal infection on rainbow trout eggs and caused no treatment‐related mortality. Chemical assays found on average a 3% difference in formaldehyde concentration between top and bottom fractions of a formalin solution containing paraformaldehyde. We recommend normal use of formalin solutions containing light to moderate amounts of fine paraformaldehyde. Allowing solutions to warm to room temperature may resolubilize moderate amounts of paraformaldehyde if the exposure to cold was not prolonged. If precipitation is heavier, clear top fractions can be decanted and used as normal because paraformaldehyde settles to the bottom of containers. Formalin solutions that have been exposed to freezing temperatures for long periods (more than 6 weeks) and have developed large amounts of paraformaldehyde solids should not be used and resolubilization by warming is not possible. Formation of paraformaldehyde in formalin solutions can be easily avoided by storing formalin at room temperature.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1995)057%3C0147:EATOFS%3E2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Howe, G., Marking, L.L., Bills, T., and Schreier, T.M., 1995, Efficacy and toxicity of formalin solutions containing paraformaldehyde for fish and egg treatments: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 57, no. 2, p. 147-152, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1995)057%3C0147:EATOFS%3E2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"152","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134450,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f7d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howe, G.E.","contributorId":53734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howe","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marking, L. L.","contributorId":90661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marking","given":"L.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bills, T.D.","contributorId":6393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bills","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schreier, Theresa M. 0000-0001-7722-6292 tschreier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7722-6292","contributorId":3344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreier","given":"Theresa","email":"tschreier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1008433,"text":"1008433 - 1995 - Gonadal steroidogenesis in-vitro from juvenile alligators obtained from contaminated or control lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-25T17:00:18.820664","indexId":"1008433","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1542,"text":"Environmental Health Perspectives","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Gonadal steroidogenesis <i>in-vitro</i> from juvenile alligators obtained from contaminated or control lakes","title":"Gonadal steroidogenesis in-vitro from juvenile alligators obtained from contaminated or control lakes","docAbstract":"<p><span>The ubiquitous distribution of many contaminants and the nonlethal, multigenerational effects of such contaminants on reproductive, endocrine, and immune systems have led to concerns that wildlife worldwide are affected. Although the causal agents and effects are known for some species, the underlying physiological mechanisms associated with contaminant-induced reproductive modifications are still poorly understood and require extensive research. We describe a study examining the steroidogenic activity of gonads removed from juvenile alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) obtained from contaminated or control lakes in central Florida. Synthesis of estradiol-17 beta (E2) was significantly different when ovaries from the contaminated and control lakes were compared in vitro. Additionally, testes from males obtained from the contaminated lake. Lake Apopka, synthesized significantly higher concentrations of E2 when compared to testes obtained from control males. In contrast, testosterone (T) synthesis from all testes examined in this study displayed a normal pattern and produced concentrations greater than that observed from ovaries obtained from either lake. Interestingly, the pattern of gonadal steroidogenesis differs from previously reported plasma concentrations of these hormones obtained from the same individuals. We suggest that the differences between the in vivo and in vitro patterns are due to modifications in the hepatic degradation of plasma sex steroid hormones.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Institute of Environmental Health","doi":"10.1289/ehp.95103s431","usgsCitation":"Guillette, L.J., Gross, T.S., Gross, D.A., Rooney, A.A., and Percival, H.F., 1995, Gonadal steroidogenesis in-vitro from juvenile alligators obtained from contaminated or control lakes: Environmental Health Perspectives, v. 103, p. 31-36, https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.95103s431.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"36","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479271,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.95103s431","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":131771,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a49b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guillette, Louis J. Jr.","contributorId":15916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guillette","given":"Louis","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gross, Timothy S.","contributorId":45381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gross, D. A.","contributorId":27828,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gross","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rooney, A. A.","contributorId":45669,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rooney","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Percival, H. Franklin percivalf@usgs.gov","contributorId":2424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Percival","given":"H.","email":"percivalf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Franklin","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":317759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1000720,"text":"1000720 - 1995 - Lake trout (<i>Salvelinus namaycush</i>) populations in Lake Superior and their restoration in 1959-1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-21T11:44:13","indexId":"1000720","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lake trout (<i>Salvelinus namaycush</i>) populations in Lake Superior and their restoration in 1959-1993","docAbstract":"<p><span>Naturally-reproducing populations of lake trout (</span><i>Salvelinus namaycush</i><span>) have been reestablished in most of Lake Superior, but have not been restored to 1929-1943 average abundance. Progress toward lake trout restoration in Lake Superior is described, management actions are reviewed, and the effectiveness of those actions is evaluated; especially stocking lake trout as a tool for building spawning stocks, and subsequently, populations of wild recruits. Widespread destruction of lake trout stocks in the 1950s due to an intense fishery and sea lamprey (</span><i>Petromyzon marinus</i><span>) predation resulted in lower overall phenotypic diversity than was previously present. Stocking of yearling lake trout, begun in the 1950s, produced high densities of spawners that reproduced wherever inshore spawning habitat was widespread. Sea lampreys were greatly reduced, beginning in 1961, using selective chemical toxicants and barrier dams, but continue to exert substantial mortality. Fishery regulation was least effective in Wisconsin, where excessive gillnet effort caused high by-catch of lake trout until 1991, and in eastern Michigan, where lake trout restoration was deferred in favor of a tribal fishery for lake whitefish (</span><i>Coregonus clupeaformis</i><span>) in 1985. Restoration of stocks was quicker in offshore areas where remnant wild lake trout survived and fishing intensity was low, and was slower in inshore areas where stocked lake trout reproduced successfully and fishing intensity was high. Inshore stocks of wild lake trout are currently about 61 % of historic abundance in Michigan and 53% in Wisconsin. Direct comparison of modern and historic abundances of inshore lake trout stocks in Minnesota and Ontario is impossible due to lack of historic stock assessment data. Stocks in Minnesota are less abundant at present than in Michigan or Wisconsin, and stocks in Ontario are similar to those in Michigan. Further progress in stock recovery can only be achieved if sea lampreys are depressed and if fisheries are constrained further than at present.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(95)71088-7","usgsCitation":"Hansen, M.J., Peck, J.W., Schorfhaar, R.G., Selgeby, J.H., Schreiner, D.R., Schram, S.T., Swanson, B.L., MacCallum, W.R., Burnham-Curtis, M.K., Curtis, G.L., Heinrich, J.W., and Young, R.J., 1995, Lake trout (<i>Salvelinus namaycush</i>) populations in Lake Superior and their restoration in 1959-1993: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 21, no. Supplement 1, p. 152-175, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(95)71088-7.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"152","endPage":"175","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133086,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"Supplement 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4316","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, Michael J. 0000-0001-8522-3876 michaelhansen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8522-3876","contributorId":5006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Michael","email":"michaelhansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peck, James W.","contributorId":78277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peck","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schorfhaar, Richard G.","contributorId":76258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schorfhaar","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Selgeby, James H.","contributorId":89828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selgeby","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schreiner, Donald R.","contributorId":108051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreiner","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schram, Stephen T.","contributorId":59384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schram","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Swanson, Bruce L.","contributorId":105660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"MacCallum, Wayne R.","contributorId":53727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacCallum","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Burnham-Curtis, Mary K.","contributorId":78267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham-Curtis","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Curtis, Gary L.","contributorId":16356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Heinrich, John W.","contributorId":63754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinrich","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Young, Robert J.","contributorId":31356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":1014706,"text":"1014706 - 1995 - Influence of tank design and hydraulic loading on the behavior, growth, and metabolism of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-09T15:29:40.078799","indexId":"1014706","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":852,"text":"Aquacultural Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Influence of tank design and hydraulic loading on the behavior, growth, and metabolism of rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>)","title":"Influence of tank design and hydraulic loading on the behavior, growth, and metabolism of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","docAbstract":"<p>Subadult rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) stocked at 48 kg/m<sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>(3 lb/ft<sup>3</sup>) were subjected to treatments of tank design (rectangular plug flow, circular, and cylindrical cross flow) and water exchange rate (1·5 and 2·5 exchanges/h) to determine their effects on fish behavior, growth, and metabolism. Ambient light levels and current velocities were also measured in each of three tank sectors (upstream, middle, and downstream) to determine their relative contributions to behavioral effects. Tank design significantly affected fish orientation to current, contact time with tank surfaces, and frequency of agonistic encounters, though aggression levels were relatively low overall. Gradients in fish distribution by sector were greatest in plug-flow tanks. Effects were either modified or eliminated by increasing the water exchange rate from 1·5 to 2·5/h. Multiple-regression analysis showed the following hieararchy of independent-variable effects on fish distribution: tank type &gt; exchange rate &gt; aggression level &gt; current velocity &gt; light level.</p><p>Significant effects of tank design were also observed on fish growth in terms of biomass gain (cross flow &gt; plug flow &gt; circular). These results were matched in metabolic studies, where both oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion were highest in circular and lowest in cross-flow tanks. Reduction (cross-flow compared with circular tanks) in oxygen consumption averaged 13·6%, ammonia excretion 17·5%. These results were also modified by an increase in water exchange rate. Tank-design effects on fish metabolism and growth may be mediated, at least partly, through changes in fish behavior.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0144-8609(94)P4425-B","usgsCitation":"Ross, R.M., Watten, B.J., Krise, W.F., DiLauro, M.N., and Soderberg, R.W., 1995, Influence of tank design and hydraulic loading on the behavior, growth, and metabolism of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Aquacultural Engineering, v. 14, no. 1, p. 29-47, https://doi.org/10.1016/0144-8609(94)P4425-B.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"47","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129433,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5ee63f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ross, Robert M.","contributorId":62562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watten, Barnaby J. 0000-0002-2227-8623 bwatten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2227-8623","contributorId":2002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watten","given":"Barnaby","email":"bwatten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":320966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krise, W. F.","contributorId":50842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krise","given":"W.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DiLauro, M. N.","contributorId":75475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiLauro","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Soderberg, R. W.","contributorId":93855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Soderberg","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1000616,"text":"1000616 - 1995 - Removal of algae by the zebra mussel (<i>Dreissena polymorpha</i>) population in western Lake Erie: a bioenergetics approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-21T11:31:01","indexId":"1000616","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Removal of algae by the zebra mussel (<i>Dreissena polymorpha</i>) population in western Lake Erie: a bioenergetics approach","docAbstract":"<p><span>A bioenergetics model for growth of a zebra mussel (</span><i>Dreissena polymorpha</i><span>) individual was verified with observations on zebra mussel growth in western Lake Erie. The bioenergetics model was then applied to the zebra mussel population in the western basin of Lake Erie to estimate the removal of phytoplankton by mussels. According to the modeling results, the zebra mussel population consumed 5.0 million tonnes of phytoplankton, while 1.4 million tonnes of phytoplankton was deposited in pseudofeces from the mussels. Thus, a total of 6.4&ensp;&plusmn;&ensp;2.4 million tonnes of phytoplankton was removed from the water column by zebra mussel in western Lake Erie during 1990. Primary production was estimated to be 24.8 million tonnes; therefore, zebra mussel removed the equivalent of 26&ensp;&plusmn;&ensp;10% of the primary production for western Lake Erie.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f95-040","usgsCitation":"Madenjian, C.P., 1995, Removal of algae by the zebra mussel (<i>Dreissena polymorpha</i>) population in western Lake Erie: a bioenergetics approach: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 52, no. 2, p. 381-390, https://doi.org/10.1139/f95-040.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"381","endPage":"390","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133465,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db634255","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madenjian, Charles P. 0000-0002-0326-164X cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":308919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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