John Wesley Powell, second Director of the U.S. Geological Survey, had a vision for the Western United States. In the late 1800s, Powell explored the West as head of the Geographical and Geological Survey of the Rocky Mountain Region. He devoted a large part of “Report on the Lands of the Arid Region of the United States with a more detailed account of the land of Utah with maps,” his 1878 report to the General Land Office on the lands west of the 100th meridian, to the feasibility of “reclaiming” large portions of this arid land.
\nPowell recognized that the availability of water was key to the wise settlement of the region. He proposed to inventory all streams in the West to evaluate the potential for irrigation. The essential first step was to gage the flows of the rivers and streams.
\nA few cities in the Eastern United States had established primitive streamgages as early as the 1870s to acquire data needed for the design of their water supply systems. Their methods generally used constructed channels and dams to enable accurate gaging. These methods were not feasible in the West, and certainly not on the vast scale and extreme range of flows common to western streams. New, more flexible techniques were needed. A site was chosen where these methods could be worked out and developed in a practical setting.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143034","issn":"2327-6932","usgsCitation":"Gunn, M.A., Matherne, A.M., and Mason, 2014, The USGS at Embudo, New Mexico: 125 years of systematic streamgaging in the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3034, Report: 4 p.; Poster: 17.00 x 11.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143034.","productDescription":"Report: 4 p.; Poster: 17.00 x 11.00 inches","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055268","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286438,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143034.jpg"},{"id":286436,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3034/pdf/fs2014-3034.pdf"},{"id":286437,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3034/pdf/fs2014-3034_poster.pdf"},{"id":285910,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3034/"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","city":"Embudo","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.977139,36.198519 ], [ -105.977139,36.216526 ], [ -105.945124,36.216526 ], [ -105.945124,36.198519 ], [ -105.977139,36.198519 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53563df2e4b03a277fd6adbe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gunn, Mark A. mgunn@usgs.gov","contributorId":4405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunn","given":"Mark","email":"mgunn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":492540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Matherne, Anne Marie 0000-0002-5873-2226 matherne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5873-2226","contributorId":303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matherne","given":"Anne","email":"matherne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Marie","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mason, Jr. 0000-0002-3998-3468 rrmason@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3998-3468","contributorId":2090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rrmason@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70073971,"text":"sir20145003 - 2014 - Three-dimensional geologic mapping of the Cenozoic basin fill, Amargosa Desert basin, Nevada and California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-22T08:20:08","indexId":"sir20145003","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-21T08:43:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5003","title":"Three-dimensional geologic mapping of the Cenozoic basin fill, Amargosa Desert basin, Nevada and California","docAbstract":"Understanding the subsurface geologic framework of the Cenozoic basin fill that underlies the Amargosa Desert in southern Nevada and southeastern California has been improved by using borehole data to construct three-dimensional lithologic and interpreted facies models. Lithologic data from 210 boreholes from a 20-kilometer (km) by 90-km area were reduced to a limited suite of descriptors based on geologic knowledge of the basin and distributed in three-dimensional space using interpolation methods. The resulting lithologic model of the Amargosa Desert basin portrays a complex system of interfingered coarse- to fine-grained alluvium, playa and palustrine deposits, eolian sands, and interbedded volcanic units. Lithologic units could not be represented in the model as a stacked stratigraphic sequence due to the complex interfingering of lithologic units and the absence of available time-stratigraphic markers. Instead, lithologic units were grouped into interpreted genetic classes, such as playa or alluvial fan, to create a three-dimensional model of the interpreted facies data. Three-dimensional facies models computed from these data portray the alluvial infilling of a tectonically formed basin with intermittent internal drainage and localized regional groundwater discharge. The lithologic and interpreted facies models compare favorably to resistivity, aeromagnetic, and geologic map data, lending confidence to the interpretation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145003","usgsCitation":"Taylor, E.M., and Sweetkind, D., 2014, Three-dimensional geologic mapping of the Cenozoic basin fill, Amargosa Desert basin, Nevada and California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5003, Report: v, 40 p.; Appendix 1: 1 XLS file; Appendix 2: XLS file, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145003.","productDescription":"Report: v, 40 p.; Appendix 1: 1 XLS file; Appendix 2: XLS file","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049168","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286442,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145003.jpg"},{"id":286432,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5003/"},{"id":286433,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5003/pdf/sir2014-5003.pdf"},{"id":286434,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5003/downloads/Appendix1.xlsx"},{"id":286435,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5003/downloads/Appendix2.xlsx"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 11","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"California;Nevada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.904187,36.223539 ], [ -116.904187,36.793477 ], [ -116.067209,36.793477 ], [ -116.067209,36.223539 ], [ -116.904187,36.223539 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53563df2e4b03a277fd6adc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Emily M. 0000-0003-1152-5761 emtaylor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1152-5761","contributorId":1240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Emily","email":"emtaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":489308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sweetkind, Donald S.","contributorId":18732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweetkind","given":"Donald S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70096275,"text":"ds830 - 2014 - Gravity, magnetic, and radiometric data for Newberry Volcano, Oregon, and vicinity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-15T10:33:40","indexId":"ds830","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-18T14:38:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"830","title":"Gravity, magnetic, and radiometric data for Newberry Volcano, Oregon, and vicinity","docAbstract":"Newberry Volcano in central Oregon is a 3,100-square-kilometer (1,200-square-mile) shield-shaped composite volcano, occupying a location east of the main north-south trend of the High Cascades volcanoes and forming a transition between the High Lava Plains subprovince of the Basin and Range Province to the east and the Cascade Range to the west. Magnetic, gravity, and radiometric data have been gathered and assessed for the region around the volcano. These data have widely varying quality and resolution, even within a given dataset, and these limitations are evaluated and described in this release.
Publicly available gravity data in general are too sparse to permit detailed modeling except along a few roads with high-density coverage. Likewise, magnetic data are also unsuitable for all but very local modeling, primarily because available data consist of a patchwork of datasets with widely varying line-spacing. Gravity data show only the broadest correlation with mapped geology, whereas magnetic data show moderate correlation with features only in the vicinity of Newberry Caldera. At large scales, magnetic data correlate poorly with both geologic mapping and gravity data. These poor correlations are largely due to the different sensing depths of the two potential fields methods, which respond to physical properties deeper than the surficial geology. Magnetic data derive from rocks no deeper than the Curie-point isotherm depth (10 to 15 kilometers, km, maximum), whereas gravity data reflect density-contrasts to 100 to 150 km depths. Radiometric data from the National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) surveys of the 1980s have perhaps the coarsest line-spacing of all (as much as 10 km between lines) and are extremely “noisy” for several reasons inherent to this kind of data. Despite its shallow-sensing character, only a few larger anomalies in the NURE data correlate well with geologic mapping.
The purpose of this data series release is to collect and place the available geophysical data in the hands of other investigators in a readily comprehensible form. All data-compilation, splicing, filtering, and overlay-map displays were accomplished with the commercial Geosoft™ system, Advanced Option. Images are provided in both JPG and PDF formats.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds830","issn":"2327-638X","usgsCitation":"Wynn, J., 2014, Gravity, magnetic, and radiometric data for Newberry Volcano, Oregon, and vicinity: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 830, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds830.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-042975","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286430,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds830.jpg"},{"id":283897,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0830/"},{"id":286429,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0830/COVER2.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Newberry Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.5,42.0 ], [ -122.5,45.0 ], [ -118.0,45.0 ], [ -118.0,42.0 ], [ -122.5,42.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53523b52e4b0198343cffa77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wynn, Jeff 0000-0002-8102-3882 jwynn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8102-3882","contributorId":2803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wynn","given":"Jeff","email":"jwynn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70102218,"text":"fs20143009 - 2014 - Using high-resolution digital aerial imagery to map land cover","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-18T13:29:06","indexId":"fs20143009","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-18T13:26:02","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3009","title":"Using high-resolution digital aerial imagery to map land cover","docAbstract":"The Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center (UMESC) has used aerial photography to map land cover/land use on federally owned and managed lands for over 20 years. Until recently, that process used 23- by 23-centimeter (9- by 9-inch) analog aerial photos to classify vegetation along the Upper Mississippi River System, on National Wildlife Refuges, and in National Parks. With digital aerial cameras becoming more common and offering distinct advantages over analog film, UMESC transitioned to an entirely digital mapping process in 2009. Though not without challenges, this method has proven to be much more accurate and efficient when compared to the analog process.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143009","collaboration":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","usgsCitation":"Dieck, J., and Robinson, L., 2014, Using high-resolution digital aerial imagery to map land cover: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3009, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143009.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049441","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286428,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143009.jpg"},{"id":286427,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3009/pdf/fs2014-3009.pdf"},{"id":286416,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3009/"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53523b54e4b0198343cffa7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dieck, J.J. jdieck@usgs.gov","contributorId":1699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dieck","given":"J.J.","email":"jdieck@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":492853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, Larry","contributorId":57374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Larry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70095685,"text":"ofr20141039 - 2014 - Precipitation and streamflow data from the Fort Carson Military Reservation and precipitation, streamflow, and suspended-sediment data from the Piñon Canyon Maneuver Site, Southeastern Colorado, 2008-2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-22T08:21:09","indexId":"ofr20141039","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-18T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1039","title":"Precipitation and streamflow data from the Fort Carson Military Reservation and precipitation, streamflow, and suspended-sediment data from the Piñon Canyon Maneuver Site, Southeastern Colorado, 2008-2012","docAbstract":"In 2013, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U. S. Department of the Army, compiled available precipitation and streamflow data for the years of 2008–2012 from the Fort Carson Military Reservation (Fort Carson) near Colorado Springs, Colo., and precipitation, streamflow, and suspended-sediment loads from the Piñon Canyon Maneuver Site (PCMS) near Trinidad, Colo. Graphical representations of the data presented herein are a continuation of work completed by the USGS in 2008 to gain a better understanding of spatial and temporal trends within the hydrologic data.
\n\nPrecipitation stations at Fort Carson and the PCMS were divided into groups based on their land-surface altitude (LSA) to determine if there is a spatial difference in precipitation amounts based on LSA for either military facility. Two-sample t-tests and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests indicated statistically significant differences exist between precipitation values at different groups for Fort Carson but not for the PCMS. All five precipitation stations at Fort Carson exhibit a decrease in median daily total precipitation from years 2002–2007 to 2008–2012. For the PCMS, median precipitation values decreased from the first study period to the second for the 13 stations monitored year-round except for Burson and Big Hills.
\n\nMean streamflow for 2008–2012 is less than mean streamflow for 1983–2007 for all stream-gaging stations at Fort Carson and at the PCMS. During the study period, each of the stream-gaging stations within the tributary channels at the PCMS accounted for less than three percent of the total streamflow at the Purgatoire River at Rock Crossing gage. Peak streamflow for 2008–2012 is less than peak streamflow for 2002–2007 at both Fort Carson and the PCMS. At the PCMS, mean suspended-sediment yield for 2008–2012 increased by 54 percent in comparison to the mean yield for 2002–2007. This increase is likely related to the destruction of groundcover by a series of wildfires within the PCMS in 2008 and 2011.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141039","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Army","usgsCitation":"Brown, C.R., 2014, Precipitation and streamflow data from the Fort Carson Military Reservation and precipitation, streamflow, and suspended-sediment data from the Piñon Canyon Maneuver Site, Southeastern Colorado, 2008-2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1039, v, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141039.","productDescription":"v, 39 p.","numberOfPages":"47","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050832","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286419,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141039.jpg"},{"id":286418,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1039/pdf/ofr2014-1039.pdf"},{"id":286417,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1039/"}],"projection":"World Geodetic System 84 projection zone 13","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Pi�on Canyon Maneuver Site","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105,38.416 ], [ -105,38.083 ], [ -104.583,38.083 ], [ -104.583,38.416 ], [ -105,38.416 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53523b53e4b0198343cffa7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Christopher R. crbrown@usgs.gov","contributorId":4751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Christopher","email":"crbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70098937,"text":"sir20135242 - 2014 - Geologic and hydrogeologic characteristics of the Ogallala Formation and White River Group, Belvoir Ranch near Cheyenne, Laramie County, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-17T15:54:52","indexId":"sir20135242","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-17T15:37:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5242","title":"Geologic and hydrogeologic characteristics of the Ogallala Formation and White River Group, Belvoir Ranch near Cheyenne, Laramie County, Wyoming","docAbstract":"The geologic and hydrogeologic characteristics of Tertiary lithostratigraphic units (Ogallala Formation and White River Group) that typically compose or underlie the High Plains aquifer system in southeastern Wyoming were described physically and chemically, and evaluated at a location on the Belvoir Ranch in Laramie County, Wyoming. On the basis of this characterization and evaluation, three Tertiary lithostratigraphic units were identified using physical and chemical characteristics determined during this study and previous studies, and these three units were determined to be correlative with three identified hydrogeologic units composing the groundwater system at the study site—a high-yielding aquifer composed of the entire saturated thickness of the heterogeneous and coarse-grained fluvial sediments assigned to the Ogallala Formation (Ogallala aquifer); an underlying confining unit composed primarily of very fine-grained volcaniclastic sediments and mudrocks assigned to the Brule Formation of the White River Group and some additional underlying sediments that belong to either the Brule or Chadron Formation, or both (Brule confining unit); and an underlying low-yielding aquifer composed primarily of poorly sorted fluvial sediments assigned to the Chadron Formation of the White River Group (Chadron aquifer).
\nDespite widely varying sediment heterogeneity and consolidation, some limited hydraulic connection throughout the full vertical extent of the Ogallala aquifer was indicated but not conclusively proven by interpretation of similar chemical and isotopic characteristics, modern apparent groundwater ages, and similar hydraulic-head responses measured continuously in two Ogallala aquifer monitoring wells installed for this study at two different widely separated (83 feet) depth intervals. Additional work beyond the scope of this study, such as aquifer tests, would be required to conclusively determine hydraulic connection within the Ogallala aquifer.
\nGroundwater levels (hydraulic heads) measured continuously using water-level recorders in both monitoring wells completed in the Ogallala aquifer showed a consistent strong upward vertical gradient in the Ogallala aquifer, indicating the potential for water to move from deeper to shallower parts of the aquifer, regardless of the time of year and the presumed effects of pumping of public-supply and industrial wells in the area. Continuous measurement of groundwater levels in the shallowest monitoring well, installed near the water table, and examination of subsequently constructed water-level hydrographs indicated substantial groundwater recharge is likely during the spring of 2009 and 2010 from the ephemeral stream (Lone Tree Creek) located adjacent to the study site that flows primarily in response to spring snowmelt from the adjacent Laramie Mountains and surface runoff from precipitation events. Using the water-table fluctuation method, groundwater recharge was estimated to be about 13 inches for the period beginning in early October 2009 and ending in late June 2010, and about 4 inches for the period beginning in March 2011 and ending in early July 2011. Comparison of previously measured groundwater levels (hydraulic heads) and groundwater-quality characteristics in nearby monitoring wells completed in the Chadron aquifer with those measured in the two monitoring wells installed for this study in the Ogallala aquifer, combined with detailed lithologic characterization, strongly indicated the Brule confining unit hydraulically confines and isolates the Chadron aquifer from the overlying Ogallala aquifer, thus likely limiting hydraulic connection between the two units. Consequently, because of the impermeable nature of the Brule confining unit and resulting hydraulic separation of the Ogallala and Chadron aquifers, and compared with local and regional hydrostratigraphic definitions of the High Plains aquifer system, the groundwater system in Tertiary lithostratigraphic units overlying the Upper Cretaceous Lance Formation at the location studied on the Belvoir Ranch was defined as being composed of, from shallowest to deepest, the High Plains aquifer system (high-yielding Ogallala aquifer only, composed of the saturated Ogallala Formation); the Brule confining unit composed of the Brule Formation of the White River Group and an underlying fine-grained depth interval with sediments that belong to either the Brule or Chadron Formation, or both; and the low-yielding Chadron aquifer (composed of poorly sorted coarse-grained sediments with substantial fine-grained matrix material assigned to the Chadron Formation of the White River Group).
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For the State of North Dakota, elevation data are critical for agriculture and precision farming, natural resources conservation, water supply and quality, infrastructure and construction management, flood risk management, geologic resource assessment and hazard mitigation, and other business uses. Today, high-density light detection and ranging (lidar) data are the primary sources for deriving elevation models and other datasets. Federal, State, Tribal, and local agencies work in partnership to (1) replace data that are older and of lower quality and (2) provide coverage where publicly accessible data do not exist. A joint goal of State and Federal partners is to acquire consistent, statewide coverage to support existing and emerging applications enabled by lidar data.
\nThe National Enhanced Elevation Assessment evaluated multiple elevation data acquisition options to determine the optimal data quality and data replacement cycle relative to cost to meet the identified requirements of the user community. The evaluation demonstrated that lidar acquisition at quality level 2 for the conterminous United States and quality level 5 ifsar data for Alaska with a 6- to 10-year acquisition cycle provided the highest benefit/cost ratios.The 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) initiative selected an 8-year acquisition cycle for the respective quality levels. 3DEP, managed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Office of Management and Budget Circular A–16 lead agency for terrestrial elevation data, responds to the growing need for high-quality topographic data and a wide range of other 3D representations of the Nation’s natural and constructed features.
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Dakota\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5350e9d4e4b05569d8055733","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carswell, William J. Jr. carswell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"William J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"carswell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":492759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70095728,"text":"tm7C11 - 2014 - fatalityCMR: capture-recapture software to correct raw counts of wildlife fatalities using trial experiments for carcass detection probability and persistence time","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-04T20:03:47.379694","indexId":"tm7C11","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-17T13:44:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"7-C11","title":"fatalityCMR: capture-recapture software to correct raw counts of wildlife fatalities using trial experiments for carcass detection probability and persistence time","docAbstract":"Many industrial and agricultural activities involve wildlife fatalities by collision, poisoning or other involuntary harvest: wind turbines, highway network, utility network, tall structures, pesticides, etc. Impacted wildlife may benefit from official protection, including the requirement to monitor the impact. Carcass counts can often be conducted to quantify the number of fatalities, but they need to be corrected for carcass persistence time (removal by scavengers and decay) and detection probability (searcher efficiency). In this article we introduce a new piece of software that fits a superpopulation capture-recapture model to raw count data. It uses trial data to estimate detection and daily persistence probabilities. A recurrent issue is that fatalities of rare, protected species are infrequent, in which case the software offers the option to switch to an ‘evidence of absence’ mode, i.e., estimate the number of carcasses that may have been missed by field crews. The software allows distinguishing between different turbine types (e.g. different vegetation cover under turbines, or different technical properties), as well between two carcass age-classes or states, with transition between those classes (e.g, fresh and dry). There is a data simulation capacity that may be used at the planning stage to optimize sampling design. Resulting mortality estimates can be used 1) to quantify the required amount of compensation, 2) inform mortality projections for proposed development sites, and 3) inform decisions about management of existing sites.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm7C11","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Peron, G., and Hines, J., 2014, fatalityCMR: capture-recapture software to correct raw counts of wildlife fatalities using trial experiments for carcass detection probability and persistence time: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 7-C11, iv, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm7C11.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050478","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286402,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm7c11.jpg"},{"id":286400,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/07/c11/"},{"id":286401,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/07/c11/pdf/tm7-c11.pdf"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","contact":"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5350e9d5e4b05569d805573b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peron, Guillaume","contributorId":64569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peron","given":"Guillaume","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, James E. jhines@usgs.gov","contributorId":3506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James E.","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":491410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70057870,"text":"sir20135213 - 2014 - 2009 Volcanic activity in Alaska, Kamchatka, and the Kurile Islands: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-13T15:41:55","indexId":"sir20135213","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-17T13:28:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5213","title":"2009 Volcanic activity in Alaska, Kamchatka, and the Kurile Islands: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory","docAbstract":"The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) responded to eruptions, possible eruptions, volcanic unrest, and reports of unusual activity at or near eight separate volcanic centers in Alaska during 2009. The year was highlighted by the eruption of Redoubt Volcano, one of three active volcanoes on the western side of Cook Inlet and near south-central Alaska's population and commerce centers, which comprise about 62 percent of the State's population of 710,213 (2010 census). AVO staff also participated in hazard communication and monitoring of multiple eruptions at ten volcanoes in Russia as part of its collaborative role in the Kamchatka and Sakhalin Volcanic Eruption Response Teams.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135213","usgsCitation":"McGimsey, R.G., Neal, C., Girina, O.A., Chibisova, M., and Rybin, A., 2014, 2009 Volcanic activity in Alaska, Kamchatka, and the Kurile Islands: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5213, ix, 125 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135213.","productDescription":"ix, 125 p.","numberOfPages":"140","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051095","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286396,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5213/pdf/sir2013-5213.pdf"},{"id":286397,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135213.jpg"},{"id":286395,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5213/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kamchatka, Kurile Islands","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4925e4b0b290850eeea9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGimsey, Robert G. 0000-0001-5379-7779 mcgimsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5379-7779","contributorId":2352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGimsey","given":"Robert","email":"mcgimsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neal, Christina A. 0000-0002-7697-7825","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7697-7825","contributorId":82660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"Christina A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Girina, Olga A.","contributorId":39295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Girina","given":"Olga","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chibisova, Marina","contributorId":35016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chibisova","given":"Marina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rybin, Alexander","contributorId":65187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rybin","given":"Alexander","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70067519,"text":"ofr20131299 - 2014 - The presence and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and inorganic elements in water and lakebed materials and the potential for bioconcentration in biota at established sampling sites on Lake Powell, Utah and Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-17T12:50:59","indexId":"ofr20131299","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-17T12:39:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1299","title":"The presence and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and inorganic elements in water and lakebed materials and the potential for bioconcentration in biota at established sampling sites on Lake Powell, Utah and Arizona","docAbstract":"The National Park Service is responsible for monitoring the effects of visitor use on the quality of water, lakebed material (bottom sediments), and biota, in Lake Powell, Utah and Arizona. A sampling program was begun in 2010 to assess the presence, distribution, and concentrations of organic and inorganic compounds in the water column and bottom sediment. In response to an Environmental Impact Statement regarding personal watercraft and as a continuation from previous studies by the U.S. Geological Survey and the National Park Service, Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, water samples were collected and analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using semipermeable membrane devices and inorganic elements using a fixed-bottle sampler deployed at established monitoring sites during 2010 and 2011. Lakebed material samples were also analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and inorganic elements, some of which could be harmful to aquatic biota if present at concentrations above established aquatic life criteria.
\nOf the 44 PAH compounds analyzed, 26 individual compounds were detected above the censoring limit in the water column by semipermeable membrane devices. The highest number of compounds detected were at Lone Rock Beach, Wahweap Marina, Rainbow Bridge National Monument, and Antelope Marina which are all located in the southern part of Lake Powell where visitation and boat use is high. Because PAHs can remain near their source, the potential for bioconcentration is highest near these sites. The PAH compound found in the highest concentration was phenol (5,902 nanograms per liter), which is included in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s priority pollutants list.
\nThe dissolved inorganic chemistry of water samples measured at the sampling sites in Lake Powell defined three different patterns of elements: (1) concentrations were similar between sites in the upper part of the lake near Farley Canyon downstream to Halls Crossing Marina, a distance of about 36 lake miles, (2) concentrations varied depending on the element between Halls Crossing Marina downstream to the mouth of the Escalante River, a distance of about 33 lake miles, and (3) concentrations were similar between sites from below the mouth of the Escalante River to Glen Canyon Dam, a distance of about 68 lake miles.
\nAnalysis of lakebed bottom sediment material samples detected PAH compounds at all sampling sites except at Halls Crossing Marina, Stanton Creek, and Forgotten Canyon. Twenty-four of 44 PAHs analyzed in lakebed material were detected above the reporting limit. Perylene was the most prevalent compound detected above the reporting limit in lakebed material and was detected at three sampling sites. Concentrations of perylene ranged from an estimate of 24.0 to 47.9 micrograms per kilogram (μg/kg). Fluoranthene had the highest concentration of any PAH and was detected at the Wahweap Marina with a concentration of 565 μg/kg. The highest sum of concentrations for all compounds found in lakebed material samples at one site was at the Wahweap Marina, which had concentrations five times higher than the next highest site.
\nThe three major tributaries to Lake Powell—the Colorado, Escalante, and San Juan Rivers—all showed elevated concentrations of inorganic elements in their delta sediments for most elements relative to the majority of the sediment samples taken from the lake itself. However, there were four lake sites that had concentrations for most inorganic elements that equaled or exceeded those of the tributaries. Two of these sites were at the northeast part of the lake, nearest to the Colorado River as it enters Lake Powell (Farley Canyon and Blue Notch Canyon), one was at the Escalante River below 50-Mile Canyon, and other was at Antelope Marina.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131299","usgsCitation":"Schonauer, K.T., Hart, R.J., and Antweiler, R.C., 2014, The presence and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and inorganic elements in water and lakebed materials and the potential for bioconcentration in biota at established sampling sites on Lake Powell, Utah and Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1299, Report: vii, 27 p.; Appendixes A-K, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131299.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 27 p.; Appendixes A-K","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-037559","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286392,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131299.jpg"},{"id":286389,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1299/"},{"id":286390,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1299/pdf/ofr2013-1299.pdf"},{"id":286391,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1299/downloads/ofr2013-1299_appendixes.zip"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"Arizona;Utah","otherGeospatial":"Glen Canyon National Recreation Area;Lake Powell","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.7224,36.7988 ], [ -111.7224,37.999 ], [ -110.1428,37.999 ], [ -110.1428,36.7988 ], [ -111.7224,36.7988 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5350e9d4e4b05569d8055737","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schonauer, Kurt T. schonaue@usgs.gov","contributorId":800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schonauer","given":"Kurt","email":"schonaue@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":487993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, Robert J. bhart@usgs.gov","contributorId":598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Robert","email":"bhart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Antweiler, Ronald C. 0000-0001-5652-6034 antweil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-6034","contributorId":1481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antweiler","given":"Ronald","email":"antweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70094749,"text":"ofr20141037 - 2014 - A geochemical perspective of Red Mountain: an unmined volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit in the Alaska Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-04T09:15:28","indexId":"ofr20141037","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-17T08:14:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1037","title":"A geochemical perspective of Red Mountain: an unmined volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit in the Alaska Range","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has investigated the environmental geochemistry of a group of unmined volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits in the Bonnifield mining district, Alaska Range, east-central Alaska. The spectacularly colored Red Mountain deposit is the best exposed of these and provides excellent baseline geochemical data for natural environmental impacts of acidic rock drainage, metal dissolution and transport, and acidic salt and metal precipitation from an exposed and undisturbed VMS deposit.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141037","usgsCitation":"Giles, S.A., and Eppinger, R.G., 2014, A geochemical perspective of Red Mountain: an unmined volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit in the Alaska Range: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1037, Map: 48 inches x 37.88 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141037.","productDescription":"Map: 48 inches x 37.88 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051525","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286388,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141037.jpg"},{"id":286386,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1037/"},{"id":286387,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1037/pdf/ofr2014-1037.pdf"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"NAD 83","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Alaska Range;Red Mountain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -147.466667,63.9 ], [ -147.466667,63.95 ], [ -147.283333,63.95 ], [ -147.283333,63.9 ], [ -147.466667,63.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5350e9d2e4b05569d805572b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Giles, Stuart A. 0000-0002-8696-5078 sgiles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8696-5078","contributorId":1233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giles","given":"Stuart","email":"sgiles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eppinger, Robert G. eppinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eppinger","given":"Robert","email":"eppinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70059026,"text":"sir20135099 - 2014 - Geologic sources and concentrations of selenium in the West-Central Denver Basin, including the Toll Gate Creek watershed, Aurora, Colorado, 2003-2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-16T16:01:29","indexId":"sir20135099","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-16T15:56:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5099","title":"Geologic sources and concentrations of selenium in the West-Central Denver Basin, including the Toll Gate Creek watershed, Aurora, Colorado, 2003-2007","docAbstract":"Toll Gate Creek, in the west-central part of the Denver Basin, is a perennial stream in which concentrations of dissolved selenium have consistently exceeded the Colorado aquatic-life standard of 4.6 micrograms per liter. Recent studies of selenium in Toll Gate Creek identified the Denver lignite zone of the non-marine Cretaceous to Tertiary-aged (Paleocene) Denver Formation underlying the watershed as the geologic source of dissolved selenium to shallow ground-water and surface water. Previous work led to this study by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Aurora Utilities Department, which investigated geologic sources of selenium and selenium concentrations in the watershed. This report documents the occurrence of selenium-bearing rocks and groundwater within the Cretaceous- to Tertiary-aged Denver Formation in the west-central part of the Denver Basin, including the Toll Gate Creek watershed. The report presents background information on geochemical processes controlling selenium concentrations in the aquatic environment and possible geologic sources of selenium; the hydrogeologic setting of the watershed; selenium results from groundwater-sampling programs; and chemical analyses of solids samples as evidence that weathering of the Denver Formation is a geologic source of selenium to groundwater and surface water in the west-central part of the Denver Basin, including Toll Gate Creek.
\nAnalyses of water samples collected from 61 water-table wells in 2003 and from 19 water-table wells in 2007 indicate dissolved selenium concentrations in groundwater in the west-central Denver Basin frequently exceeded the Colorado aquatic-life standard and in some locations exceeded the primary drinking-water standard of 50 micrograms per liter. The greatest selenium concentrations were associated with oxidized groundwater samples from wells completed in bedrock materials. Selenium analysis of geologic core samples indicates that total selenium concentrations were greatest in samples containing indications of reducing conditions and organic matter (dark gray to black claystones and lignite horizons).
\nThe Toll Gate Creek watershed is situated in a unique hydrogeologic setting in the west-central part of the Denver Basin such that weathering of Cretaceous- to Tertiary-aged, non-marine, selenium-bearing rocks releases selenium to groundwater and surface water under present-day semi-arid environmental conditions. The Denver Formation contains several known and suspected geologic sources of selenium including: (1) lignite deposits; (2) tonstein partings; (3) organic-rich bentonite claystones; (4) salts formed as secondary weathering products; and possibly (5) the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary. Organically complexed selenium and/or selenium-bearing pyrite in the enclosing claystones are likely the primary mineral sources of selenium in the Denver Formation, and correlations between concentration of dissolved selenium and dissolved organic carbon in groundwater indicate weathering and dissolution of organically complexed selenium from organic-rich claystone is a primary process mobilizing selenium. Secondary salts accumulated along fractures and bedding planes in the weathered zone are another potential geologic source of selenium, although their composition was not specifically addressed by the solids analyses. Results from this and previous work indicate that shallow groundwater and streams similarly positioned over Denver Formation claystone units at other locations in the Denver Basin also may contain concentrations of dissolved selenium greater than the Colorado aquatic-life standard or the drinking- water standard.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135099","issn":"2328-0328","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Aurora, Colorado, Utilities Department","usgsCitation":"Paschke, S.S., Walton-Day, K., Beck, J., Webbers, A., and Dupree, J.A., 2014, Geologic sources and concentrations of selenium in the West-Central Denver Basin, including the Toll Gate Creek watershed, Aurora, Colorado, 2003-2007: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5099, iv, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135099.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-041389","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286385,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135099.jpg"},{"id":286383,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5099/"},{"id":286384,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5099/pdf/sir2013-5099.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Denver Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.0,38.0 ], [ -108.0,40.0 ], [ -104.0,40.0 ], [ -104.0,38.0 ], [ -108.0,38.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517042e4b05569d805a22b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paschke, Suzanne S.","contributorId":14072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paschke","given":"Suzanne","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walton-Day, Katherine 0000-0002-9146-6193 kwaltond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9146-6193","contributorId":1245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton-Day","given":"Katherine","email":"kwaltond@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":487433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beck, Jennifer A.","contributorId":53922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"Jennifer A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Webbers, Ank","contributorId":74782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webbers","given":"Ank","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dupree, Jean A. dupree@usgs.gov","contributorId":2563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dupree","given":"Jean","email":"dupree@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":487434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70200747,"text":"70200747 - 2014 - Time causal operational estimation of electric fields induced in the Earth's lithosphere during magnetic storms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-30T15:34:28","indexId":"70200747","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-16T15:34:19","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Time causal operational estimation of electric fields induced in the Earth's lithosphere during magnetic storms","docAbstract":"In support of projects for monitoring geomagnetic hazards for electric power grids, we develop a simple mathematical formalism, consistent with the time causality of deterministic physics, for estimating electric fields that are induced in the Earth's lithosphere during magnetic storms. For an idealized model of the lithosphere, an infinite half‐space having uniform electrical conductivity properties described by a galvanic tensor, we work in the Laplace‐transformed frequency domain to obtain a transfer function which, when convolved with measured magnetic field time series, gives an estimated electric field time series. Using data collected at the Kakioka, Japan observatory, we optimize lithospheric conductivity parameters by minimizing the discrepancy between model‐estimated electric field variation and that actually measured. With our simple model, we can estimate 87% of the variance in storm time Kakioka electric field data; a more complicated model of lithospheric conductivity would be required to estimate the remaining 13% of the variance. We discuss how our estimation formalism might be implemented for geographically coordinated real‐time monitoring of geoelectric fields.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/2014GL059568","usgsCitation":"Love, J.J., and Swidinsky, A., 2014, Time causal operational estimation of electric fields induced in the Earth's lithosphere during magnetic storms: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 41, no. 7, p. 2266-2274, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL059568.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2266","endPage":"2274","ipdsId":"IP-055819","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473047,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014gl059568","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358985,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10b697e4b034bf6a7ebea0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Love, Jeffrey J. 0000-0002-3324-0348 jlove@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-0348","contributorId":760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlove@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swidinsky, Andrei","contributorId":146924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swidinsky","given":"Andrei","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70112458,"text":"70112458 - 2014 - Black bears (Ursus americanus) as a novel potential predator of Agassiz’s desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) at a California wind energy facility","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-16T09:18:26","indexId":"70112458","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-16T09:08:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1136,"text":"Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Black bears (Ursus americanus) as a novel potential predator of Agassiz’s desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) at a California wind energy facility","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Southern California Academy of Sciences","publisherLocation":"Los Angeles, CA","doi":"10.3160/0038-3872-113.1.34","usgsCitation":"Lovich, J.E., Delaney, D., Briggs, J., Agha, M., Austin, M., and Reese, J., 2014, Black bears (Ursus americanus) as a novel potential predator of Agassiz’s desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) at a California wind energy facility: Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, v. 113, no. 1, p. 34-41, https://doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872-113.1.34.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"34","endPage":"41","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-053338","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473048,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/292095","text":"External Repository"},{"id":288617,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288612,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872-113.1.34"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.6763,33.4259 ], [ -117.6763,34.0799 ], [ -114.4349,34.0799 ], [ -114.4349,33.4259 ], [ -117.6763,33.4259 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"113","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae764be4b0abf75cf2bf05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovich, Jeffrey E. 0000-0002-7789-2831 jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7789-2831","contributorId":458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovich","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Delaney, David","contributorId":75444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delaney","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Briggs, Jessica","contributorId":22691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Jessica","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Agha, Mickey","contributorId":22235,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Agha","given":"Mickey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12425,"text":"University of Kentucky","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":494747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Austin, Meaghan","contributorId":37244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"Meaghan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reese, Jason","contributorId":86693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reese","given":"Jason","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70101770,"text":"ofr20141075 - 2014 - The Pacific Islands Climate Science Center five-year science agenda, 2014-2018","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-16T15:16:58","indexId":"ofr20141075","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-16T06:26:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1075","title":"The Pacific Islands Climate Science Center five-year science agenda, 2014-2018","docAbstract":"From the heights of Mauna Kea on Hawaiʻi Island to the depths of the Mariana Trench, from densely populated cities to sparse rural indigenous communities and uninhabited sandy atolls, the Pacific region encompasses diverse associations of peoples and places that are directly affected by changes to the atmosphere, ocean, and land. The peoples of the Pacific are among the first to observe and experience the effects of global climatic changes.
\nBecause the Pacific region is predominantly composed of vast ocean expanses punctuated only by small, isolated emergent islands and atolls, marine processes are critical factors in the region’s climate systems, and their impacts occur here to a greater degree than in continental regions. Rates of sea-level rise in the region during the modern altimetry period exceed the global rate, with the highest increases occurring in the western North Pacific (Cazenave and Llovel, 2010; Nerem and others, 2010; Timmermann and others, 2010). The ocean has also warmed during this period. Since the 1970s, sea-surface temperature has increased at a rate of 0.13 to 0.41 °F (0.07 to 0.23 °C) per decade, depending on the location (Keener and others, 2012a). Ocean chemistry has changed during this period as well, with surface pH having dropped by 0.1 pH units (Feely and others, 2009; Doney and others, 2012).
\nOver the past century, air temperature has increased throughout the Pacific region. In Hawaiʻi, average temperatures increased by 0.08 °F per decade during the period 1919 to 2006, and in recent years, the rate of increase has been accelerating, particularly at high elevations (Giambelluca and others, 2008). In the western North Pacific, temperatures also increased over the past 60 years (Lander and Guard, 2003; Lander, 2004; Lander and Khosrowpanah, 2004; Kruk and others, 2013), with a concurrent warming trend in the central South Pacific since the 1950s (Australian Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO, 2011).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141075","usgsCitation":"Helweg, D., Nash, S.A., and Polhemus, D.A., 2014, The Pacific Islands Climate Science Center five-year science agenda, 2014-2018: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1075, iv, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141075.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-055295","costCenters":[{"id":522,"text":"Pacific Islands Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286379,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141075.jpg"},{"id":286374,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1075/"},{"id":286378,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1075/pdf/ofr2014-1075.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 157.8,5.5 ], [ 157.8,34.1 ], [ -155.0,34.1 ], [ -155.0,5.5 ], [ 157.8,5.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517068e4b05569d805a3f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helweg, David dhelweg@usgs.gov","contributorId":201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helweg","given":"David","email":"dhelweg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":522,"text":"Pacific Islands Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nash, Sarah A.B.","contributorId":6370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nash","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"A.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Polhemus, Dan A.","contributorId":41335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Polhemus","given":"Dan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70099362,"text":"sir20145052 - 2014 - Simulation of groundwater and surface-water resources of the Santa Rosa Plain watershed, Sonoma County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-16T14:32:06","indexId":"sir20145052","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-16T06:13:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5052","title":"Simulation of groundwater and surface-water resources of the Santa Rosa Plain watershed, Sonoma County, California","docAbstract":"Water managers in the Santa Rosa Plain face the challenge of meeting increasing water demand with a combination of Russian River water, which has uncertainties in its future availability; local groundwater resources; and ongoing and expanding recycled water and water from other conservation programs. To address this challenge, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Sonoma County Water Agency, the cities of Cotati, Rohnert Park, Santa Rosa, and Sebastopol, the town of Windsor, the California American Water Company, and the County of Sonoma, undertook development of a fully coupled groundwater and surface-water model to better understand and to help manage the hydrologic resources in the Santa Rosa Plain watershed.
\nThe purpose of this report is to (1) describe the construction and calibration of the fully coupled groundwater and surface-water flow model for the Santa Rosa Plain watershed, referred to as the Santa Rosa Plain hydrologic model; (2) present results from simulation of the Santa Rosa Plain hydrologic model, including water budgets, recharge distributions, streamflow, and the effect of pumping on water-budget components; and (3) present the results from using the model to evaluate the potential hydrologic effects of climate change and variability without pumpage for water years 2011-99 and with projected pumpage for water years 2011-40.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145052","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Sonoma County, Sonoma County Water Agency, City of Santa Rosa, City of Rohnert Park, City of Sebastopol, Town of Windsor, California American Water","usgsCitation":"Woolfenden, L.R., and Nishikawa, T., 2014, Simulation of groundwater and surface-water resources of the Santa Rosa Plain watershed, Sonoma County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5052, xxx, 258 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145052.","productDescription":"xxx, 258 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-044152","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286377,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145052.jpg"},{"id":286373,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5052/"},{"id":286376,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5052/pdf/sir2014-5052.pdf"}],"scale":"250000","projection":"2003 State Plane Projection","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Sonoma County","otherGeospatial":"Santa Rosa Plain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.5414,38.1106 ], [ -123.5414,38.8529 ], [ -122.3497,38.8529 ], [ -122.3497,38.1106 ], [ -123.5414,38.1106 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517061e4b05569d805a3a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woolfenden, Linda R. 0000-0003-3500-4709 lrwoolfe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3500-4709","contributorId":1476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woolfenden","given":"Linda","email":"lrwoolfe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nishikawa, Tracy 0000-0002-7348-3838 tnish@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7348-3838","contributorId":1515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishikawa","given":"Tracy","email":"tnish@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70074646,"text":"ofr20121024H - 2014 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: U.S. Gulf Coast","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70074646,"text":"ofr20121024H - 2014 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: U.S. Gulf Coast","indexId":"ofr20121024H","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"chapter":"H","displayTitle":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: U.S. Gulf Coast","title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: U.S. Gulf Coast"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70093199,"text":"ofr20121024 - 2012 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources","indexId":"ofr20121024","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70093199,"text":"ofr20121024 - 2012 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources","indexId":"ofr20121024","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-16T16:06:37.13133","indexId":"ofr20121024H","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-15T14:51:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1024","chapter":"H","displayTitle":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: U.S. Gulf Coast","title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: U.S. Gulf Coast","docAbstract":"
This report presents 27 storage assessment units (SAUs) within the United States (U.S.) Gulf Coast. The U.S. Gulf Coast contains a regionally extensive, thick succession of clastics, carbonates, salts, and other evaporites that were deposited in a highly cyclic depositional environment that was subjected to a fluctuating siliciclastic sediment supply and transgressive and regressive sea levels. At least nine major depositional packages contain porous strata that are potentially suitable for geologic carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration within the region. For each SAU identified within these packages, the areal distribution of porous rock that is suitable for geologic CO2 sequestration is discussed, along with a description of the geologic characteristics that influence the potential CO2 storage volume and reservoir performance. These characteristics include reservoir depth, gross thickness, net-porous thickness, porosity, permeability, and groundwater salinity. Additionally, a characterization of the overlying regional seal for each SAU is presented. On a case-by-case basis, strategies for estimating the pore volume existing within structurally and (or) stratigraphically closed traps are also presented. Geologic information presented in this report has been employed to calculate potential storage capacities for CO2 sequestration in the SAUs that are assessed herein, although complete assessment results are not contained in this report.
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The deposits of the Freundlich-Sharonov basin are separated in two areas: (1) the Buys-Ballot deposits lack mineralogical and morphological evidence and thus are found to be associated with mare volcanism not with DMDs and (2) the Anderson crater deposits, which do not exhibit glassy DMD signatures, but they appear to be associated with possible vent structures and so may be classifiable as DMDs. Finally, dark deposits near the crater Kopff are found to be associated with likely mare volcanism and not associated with DMDs. 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Biological legacies, which result from organisms that survive a disturbance, can favour deterministic processes in community assembly and improve predictions of successional trajectories. Recently disturbed ecosystems are often so rapidly colonized by propagules that the role of biological legacies is obscured. We studied biological legacies on a remote volcanic island in Alaska following a devastating eruption where the role of colonization from adjacent communities was minimized. The role of biological legacies in the near shore environment was not clear, because although some kelp survived, they were presumably overwhelmed by the many vagile propagules in a marine environment. The legacy concept was most applicable to terrestrial invertebrates and plants that survived in remnants of buried soil that were exposed by post-eruption erosion. If the legacy concept is extended to include ex situ survival by transient organisms, then it was also applicable to the island's thousands of seabirds, because the seabirds survived the eruption by leaving the island and have begun to return and rebuild their nests as local conditions improve. Our multi-trophic examination of biological legacies in a successional context suggests that the relative importance of biological legacies varies with the degree of destruction, the availability of colonizing propagules, the spatial and temporal scales under consideration, and species interactions. 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2014 - Ecological and evolutionary patterns of freshwater maturation in Pacific and Atlantic salmonines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-12T12:57:09","indexId":"70101819","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-15T12:52:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3278,"text":"Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecological and evolutionary patterns of freshwater maturation in Pacific and Atlantic salmonines","docAbstract":"Reproductive tactics and migratory strategies in Pacific and Atlantic salmonines are inextricably linked through the effects of migration (or lack thereof) on age and size at maturity. In this review, we focus on the ecological and evolutionary patterns of freshwater maturation in salmonines, a key process resulting in the diversification of their life histories. We demonstrate that the energetics of maturation and reproduction provides a unifying theme for understanding both the proximate and ultimate causes of variation in reproductive schedules among species, populations, and the sexes. We use probabilistic maturation reaction norms to illustrate how variation in individual condition, in terms of body size, growth rate, and lipid storage, influences the timing of maturation. This useful framework integrates both genetic and environmental contributions to conditional strategies for maturation and, in doing so, demonstrates how flexible life histories can be both heritable and subject to strong environmental influences. We review evidence that the propensity for freshwater maturation in partially anadromous species is predictable across environmental gradients at geographic and local spatial scales. We note that growth is commonly associated with the propensity for freshwater maturation, but that life-history responses to changes in growth caused by temperature may be strikingly different than changes caused by differences in food availability. We conclude by exploring how contemporary management actions can constrain or promote the diversity of maturation phenotypes in Pacific and Atlantic salmonines and caution against underestimating the role of freshwater maturing forms in maintaining the resiliency of these iconic species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","doi":"10.1007/s11160-014-9344-z","usgsCitation":"Sloat, M.R., Fraser, D.J., Dunham, J., Falke, J.A., Jordan, C.E., McMillan, J.R., and Ohms, H.A., 2014, Ecological and evolutionary patterns of freshwater maturation in Pacific and Atlantic salmonines: Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, v. 24, no. 3, p. 689-707, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-014-9344-z.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"689","endPage":"707","numberOfPages":"19","ipdsId":"IP-052796","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286355,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286346,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11160-014-9344-z"}],"volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"534e46d2e4b0cdc4f9717039","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sloat, Matthew R.","contributorId":60951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloat","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fraser, Dylan J.","contributorId":46005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fraser","given":"Dylan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dunham, Jason B.","contributorId":64791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"Jason B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Falke, Jeffery A.","contributorId":88265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falke","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jordan, Chris E.","contributorId":88233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McMillan, John R.","contributorId":27905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMillan","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ohms, Haley A.","contributorId":107192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohms","given":"Haley","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70101820,"text":"70101820 - 2014 - Mercury exposure associated with altered plasma thyroid hormones in the declining western pond turtle (Emys marmorata) from California mountain streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-14T16:07:09","indexId":"70101820","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-15T10:20:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury exposure associated with altered plasma thyroid hormones in the declining western pond turtle (Emys marmorata) from California mountain streams","docAbstract":"Mercury (Hg) is a global threat to wildlife health that can impair many physiological processes. Mercury has well-documented endocrine activity; however, little work on the effects of Hg on the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) in aquatic wildlife exists despite the fact that it is a sensitive endpoint of contaminant exposure. An emerging body of evidence points to the toxicological susceptibility of aquatic reptiles to Hg exposure. We examined the endocrine disrupting potential of Hg in the western pond turtle (Emys marmorata), a long-lived reptile that is in decline throughout California and the Pacific Northwest. We measured total Hg (THg) concentrations in red blood cells (RBCs) and plasma T3 and T4 of turtles from several locations in California that have been impacted by historic gold mining. Across all turtles from all sites, the geometric mean and standard error THg concentration was 0.805 ± 0.025 μg/g dry weight. Sampling region and mass were the strongest determinants of RBC THg. Relationships between RBC THg and T3 and T4 were consistent with Hg-induced disruption of T4 deiodination, a mechanism of toxicity that may cause excess T4 levels and depressed concentrations of biologically active T3.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es4050538","usgsCitation":"Meyer, E., Eagles-Smith, C.A., Sparling, D., and Blumenshine, S., 2014, Mercury exposure associated with altered plasma thyroid hormones in the declining western pond turtle (Emys marmorata) from California mountain streams: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 48, no. 5, p. 2989-2996, https://doi.org/10.1021/es4050538.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2989","endPage":"2996","ipdsId":"IP-052637","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286354,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286347,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es4050538"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.41,32.53 ], [ -124.41,42.01 ], [ -114.13,42.01 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.41,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"48","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"534e46d3e4b0cdc4f9717041","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, Erik","contributorId":58554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Erik","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eagles-Smith, Collin A. 0000-0003-1329-5285 ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1329-5285","contributorId":505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eagles-Smith","given":"Collin","email":"ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sparling, Donald","contributorId":20650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparling","given":"Donald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blumenshine, Steve","contributorId":13542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blumenshine","given":"Steve","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70101829,"text":"70101829 - 2014 - Predicting the effects of climate change on ecosystems and wildlife habitat in northwest Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-09T15:39:27.836914","indexId":"70101829","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-15T09:51:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":691,"text":"Alaska Park Science","printIssn":"1545- 496","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting the effects of climate change on ecosystems and wildlife habitat in northwest Alaska","docAbstract":"We used a modeling framework and a recent ecological land classification and land cover map to predict how ecosystems and wildlife habitat in northwest Alaska might change in response to increasing temperature. Our results suggest modest increases in forest and tall shrub ecotypes in Northwest Alaska by the end of this century thereby increasing habitat for forest-dwelling and shrub-using birds and mammals. Conversely, we predict declines in several more open low shrub, tussock, and meadow ecotypes favored by many waterbird, shorebird, and small mammal species.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","usgsCitation":"DeGange, A.R., Marcot, B., Lawler, J., Jorgenson, T., and Winfree, R., 2014, Predicting the effects of climate change on ecosystems and wildlife habitat in northwest Alaska: Alaska Park Science, v. 12, no. 2, p. 66-73.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"66","endPage":"73","ipdsId":"IP-046323","costCenters":[{"id":113,"text":"Alaska Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286353,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287956,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nps.gov/articles/aps-v12-i2-c12.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -166.03,64.98 ], [ -166.03,67.03 ], [ -149.79,67.03 ], [ -149.79,64.98 ], [ -166.03,64.98 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"534e46d3e4b0cdc4f9717045","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeGange, Anthony R. tdegange@usgs.gov","contributorId":139765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeGange","given":"Anthony","email":"tdegange@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":492783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marcot, Bruce G.","contributorId":58015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marcot","given":"Bruce G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lawler, James","contributorId":54510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawler","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jorgenson, Torre","contributorId":45380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorgenson","given":"Torre","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Winfree, Robert","contributorId":33619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winfree","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70101828,"text":"70101828 - 2014 - The interactive effects of climate change, riparian management, and a non-native predators on stream-rearing salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-24T17:40:46","indexId":"70101828","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-15T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The interactive effects of climate change, riparian management, and a non-native predators on stream-rearing salmon","docAbstract":"Predicting how climate change is likely to interact with myriad other stressors that threaten species of conservation concern is an essential challenge in aquatic ecosystems. This study provides a framework to accomplish this task in salmon-bearing streams of the northwestern United States, where land-use related reductions in riparian shading have caused changes in stream thermal regimes, and additional warming from projected climate change may result in significant losses of coldwater fish habitat over the next century. Predatory non-native smallmouth bass have also been introduced into many northwestern streams and their range is likely to expand as streams warm, presenting an additional challenge to the persistence of threatened Pacific salmon. The goal of this work was to forecast the interactive effects of climate change, riparian management, and non-native species on stream-rearing salmon, and to evaluate the capacity of restoration to mitigate these effects. We intersected downscaled global climate forecasts with a local-scale water temperature model to predict mid- and end-of-century temperatures in streams in the Columbia River basin; we compared one stream that is thermally impaired due to the loss of riparian vegetation and another that is cooler and has a largely intact riparian corridor. Using the forecasted stream temperatures in conjunction with fish-habitat models, we predicted how stream-rearing Chinook salmon and bass distributions would change as each stream warmed. In the highly modified stream, end-of-century warming may cause near total loss of Chinook salmon rearing habitat and a complete invasion of the upper watershed by bass. In the less modified stream, bass were thermally restricted from the upstream-most areas. In both systems, temperature increases resulted in higher predicted spatial overlap between stream-rearing Chinook salmon and potentially predatory bass in the early summer (2-4-fold increase) and greater abundance of bass. We found that riparian restoration could prevent the extirpation of Chinook salmon from the more altered stream, and could also restrict bass from occupying the upper 31 km of salmon rearing habitat. The proposed methodology and model predictions are critical for prioritizing climate-change adaptation strategies before salmonids are exposed to both warmer water and greater predation risk by non-native species.","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/13-0753.1","usgsCitation":"Lawrence, D.J., Stewart-Koster, B., Olden, J., Ruesch, A.S., Torgersen, C., Lawler, J.J., Butcher, D.P., and Crown, J.K., 2014, The interactive effects of climate change, riparian management, and a non-native predators on stream-rearing salmon: Ecological Applications, v. 24, no. 4, p. 895-912, https://doi.org/10.1890/13-0753.1.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"895","endPage":"912","ipdsId":"IP-049655","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473050,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/13-0753.1","text":"External Repository"},{"id":286351,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River Basin, John Day River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.3987,44.3985 ], [ -119.3987,45.4026 ], [ -117.9865,45.4026 ], [ -117.9865,44.3985 ], [ -119.3987,44.3985 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"534e46d3e4b0cdc4f9717049","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawrence, David J.","contributorId":34374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart-Koster, Ben","contributorId":77841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart-Koster","given":"Ben","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olden, Julian D.","contributorId":66951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olden","given":"Julian D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ruesch, Aaron S.","contributorId":26559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruesch","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Torgersen, Christian E. 0000-0001-8325-2737","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8325-2737","contributorId":48143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torgersen","given":"Christian E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lawler, Joshua J.","contributorId":73327,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lawler","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Butcher, Don P.","contributorId":80183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butcher","given":"Don","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Crown, Julia K.","contributorId":40122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crown","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70157147,"text":"70157147 - 2014 - Late Holocene vegetation, climate, and land-use impacts on carbon dynamics in the Florida Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-08T11:56:50.651293","indexId":"70157147","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Holocene vegetation, climate, and land-use impacts on carbon dynamics in the Florida Everglades","docAbstract":"Tropical and subtropical peatlands are considered a significant carbon sink. The Florida Everglades includes 6000-km2 of peat-accumulating wetland; however, detailed carbon dynamics from different environments within the Everglades have not been extensively studied or compared. Here we present carbon accumulation rates from 13 cores and 4 different environments, including sawgrass ridges and sloughs, tree islands, and marl prairies, whose hydroperiods and vegetation communities differ. We find that the lowest rates of C accumulation occur in sloughs in the southern Everglades. The highest rates are found where hydroperiods are generally shorter, including near-tails of tree islands and drier ridges. Long-term average rates of 100 to >200 g C m−2 yr−1 are as high, and in some cases, higher than rates recorded from the tropics and 10–20 times higher than boreal averages. C accumulation rates were impacted by both the Medieval Climate Anomaly and the Little Ice Age, but the largest impacts to C accumulation rates over the Holocene record have been the anthropogenic changes associated with expansion of agriculture and construction of canals and levees to control movement of surface water. Water management practices in the 20th century have altered the natural hydroperiods and fire regimes of the Everglades. The Florida Everglades as a whole has acted as a significant carbon sink over the mid- to late-Holocene, but reduction of the spatial extent of the original wetland area, as well as the alteration of natural hydrology in the late 19th and 20th centuries, have significantly reduced the carbon sink capacity of this subtropical wetland.
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