Feeds formulated with 5.7, 11.4 and 22.7% spray-dried blood powder, also called blood flour (88.1% protein, 0.2% total phosphorus), were compared with a control diet with 49% herring meal (64% protein, 2.1% total phosphorus) and no blood powder for rearing juvenile rainbow trout. Oncorhynchus my kiss (Walbaum). Diets with 5.7, 11.4 and 22.7% blood powder contained 1.22,1.03 and 0.84% phosphorus, respectively, compared with 1.36% phosphorus in the control diet. Over 12 weeks, differences in mean specific growth (range 2.23-2.35 day−1) or feed conversion (range 1.04-1.09) among the four diets were not significant (P > 0.05). Apparent digestibility of phosphorus in the diet with 22.7% blood powder was greater (45.2%) than that in the control diet (31.6%). Increases in phosphorus concentrations in the water in which trout were fed diets with blood powder (range 16-20 μg−1 total phosphorus) were 33-47% less (P<0.05) than in tanks where trout were fed the control diet (30μg−1 total phosphorus). Feed formulations for rainbow trout prepared with 22.7% blood powder and 17.0% fish meal would contain 65.3% less fish meal and 38% less total phosphorus than present in the control diet, which was a representation of a modern feed formulation for rainbow trout.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2109.1995.tb00948.x","usgsCitation":"Luzier, J.M., Summerfelt, R., and Ketola, H.G., 1995, Partial replacement of fish meal with spray-dried blood powder to reduce phosphorus concentrations in diets for juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum): Aquaculture Research, v. 26, no. 8, p. 577-587, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1995.tb00948.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"577","endPage":"587","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129065,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db689062","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luzier, J. M.","contributorId":10750,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luzier","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Summerfelt, R.C.","contributorId":66203,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Summerfelt","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ketola, H. G.","contributorId":60976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ketola","given":"H.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1001096,"text":"1001096 - 1995 - Effects of climate on numbers of northern prairie wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T12:19:24","indexId":"1001096","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1252,"text":"Climatic Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of climate on numbers of northern prairie wetlands","docAbstract":"The amount of water held in individual wetland basins depends not only on local climate patterns but also on groundwater flow regime, soil permeability, and basin size. Most wetland basins in the northern prairies hold water in some years and are dry in others. To assess the potential effect of climate change on the number of wetland basins holding water in a given year, one must first determine how much of the variability in number of wet basins is accounted for by climatic variables. I used multiple linear regression to examine the relationship between climate variables and percentage of wet basins throughout the Prairie Pothole Region of Canada and the United States. The region was divided into three areas: parkland, Canadian grassland, and United States grassland (i.e., North Dakota and South Dakota). The models - which included variables for spring and fall temperature, yearly precipitation, the previous year's count of wet basins, and for grassland areas, the previous fall precipitation - accounted for 63 to 65% of the variation in the number of wet basins. I then explored the sensitivities of the models to changes in temperature and precipitation, as might be associated with increased greenhouse gas concentrations. Parkland wetlands are shown to be much more vulnerable to increased temperatures than are wetlands in either Canadian or United States grasslands. Sensitivity to increased precipitation did not vary geographically. These results have implications for waterfowl and other wildlife populations that depend on availability of wetlands in the parklands for breeding or during periods of drought in the southern grasslands.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01091840","usgsCitation":"Larson, D.L., 1995, Effects of climate on numbers of northern prairie wetlands: Climatic Change, v. 30, no. 2, p. 169-180, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01091840.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"180","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134337,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db616141","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, Diane L. 0000-0001-5202-0634 dlarson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5202-0634","contributorId":2120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Diane","email":"dlarson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1015824,"text":"1015824 - 1995 - Past and current trends of change in a dune prairie/oak savanna reconstructed through a multiple-scale history","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-21T16:41:24.99838","indexId":"1015824","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2490,"text":"Journal of Vegetation Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Past and current trends of change in a dune prairie/oak savanna reconstructed through a multiple-scale history","docAbstract":"The history of a rapidly changing mosaic of prairie and oak savanna in northern Indiana was reconstructed using several methods emphasizing different time scales ranging from annual to millennial. Vegetation change was monitored for 8 yr using plots and for 30 yr using aerial photographs. A 20th century fire history was reconstructed from the stand structure of multiple-stemmed trees and fire scars. General Land Office Survey data were used to reconstruct the forest of A.D. 1834. Fossil pollen and charcoal records were used to reconstruct the last 4000 yr of vegetation and fire history.
Since its deposition along the shore of Lake Michigan about 4000 yr ago, the area has followed a classical primary dune successional sequence, gradually changing from pine forest to prairie/oak savanna between A.D. 264 and 1007. This successional trend, predicted in the models of Henry Cowles, occurred even though the climate cooled and prairies elsewhere in the region retreated. Severe fires in the 19th century reduced most tree species but led to a temporary increase in Populus tremuloides. During the last few decades, the prairie has been invaded by oaks and other woody species, primarily because of fire suppression since A.D. 1972.
The rapid and complex changes now occurring are a response to the compounded effects of plant succession, intense burning and logging in the 19th century, recent fire suppression, and possibly increased airborne deposition of nitrates. The compilation of several historical research techniques emphasizing different time scales allows this study of the interactions between multiple disturbance variables.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3236239","usgsCitation":"Cole, K., and Taylor, R., 1995, Past and current trends of change in a dune prairie/oak savanna reconstructed through a multiple-scale history: Journal of Vegetation Science, v. 6, no. 3, p. 399-410, https://doi.org/10.2307/3236239.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"399","endPage":"410","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489985,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3236239","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":134929,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688c2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, K.L.","contributorId":87507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, R.S.","contributorId":28216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1000999,"text":"1000999 - 1995 - A decade of predatory control of zooplankton species composition of Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-28T10:48:58","indexId":"1000999","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A decade of predatory control of zooplankton species composition of Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"From 1983 to 1992, 71 species representing 38 genera from the Calanoida, Cladocera, Cyclopoida, Mysidacea, Rotifera, Mollusca and Harpacticoida comprised the offshore zooplankton community of Lake Michigan. Our data demonstrate that the composition and abundance of the calanoid community after 1983 is not unlike that of 1960s and that species diversity of the calanoid community is more diverse than the cladoceran community in the 1990s as compared to the early 1980s. Even though the relative biomass of the cladocerans has remained similar over the 1983-1993 period, the species diversity and evenness of the Cladocera community in the early 1990s is unlike anything that has been previously reported for Lake Michigan. Cladocera dominance is centered in one species, Daphnia galeata mendotae, and only three species of Cladocera were observed in the pelagic region of the lake in 1991 and 1992. Nutrient levels, phytoplankton biomass, and the abundance of planktivorous alewife and bloater chub and Bythotrephes are examined as possible causes of these changes in zooplankton species composition. The increase in Rotifera biomass, but not Crustacea, was correlated with an increase in relative biomass of unicellular algae. Food web models suggest Bythotrephes will cause Lake Michigan's plankton to return to a community similar to that of the 1970s; that is Diaptomus dominated. Such a change has occurred. However, correlational analysis suggest that alewife and bloater chubs (especially juveniles) are affecting size and biomass of larger species of zooplankton as well as Bythotrephes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(95)71073-5","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Makarewicz, J.C., Bertram, P., Lewis, T., and Brown, E.H., 1995, A decade of predatory control of zooplankton species composition of Lake Michigan: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 21, no. 4, p. 620-640, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(95)71073-5.","productDescription":"p. 620-640","startPage":"620","endPage":"640","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266594,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(95)71073-5"},{"id":133512,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6af189","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Makarewicz, Joseph C.","contributorId":25120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Makarewicz","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bertram, Paul","contributorId":34478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bertram","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lewis, Theodore","contributorId":107664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"Theodore","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, Edward H. Jr.","contributorId":33251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Edward","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1001185,"text":"1001185 - 1995 - Modified transmitter attachment method for adult ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T13:11:33","indexId":"1001185","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modified transmitter attachment method for adult ducks","docAbstract":"The value of radio telemetry for waterfowl research depends on the availability of suitable methods of attaching transmitters. In previous studies, external transmitters attached to adult Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) with sutures and glue did not stay on birds reliably. In an attempt to improve transmitter retention, a method of attachment was tested in which 4-g transmitters were attached mid-dorsally with sutures and with a stainless steel anchor-shaped wire inserted subcutaneously (anchor transmitters). Field tests indicated that all of 26 female Mallards and 63 of 65 female Gadwalls (Anas strepera) retained their anchor transmitters during 4369 bird-days of monitoring during nesting and brood rearing. Survival rates of females with anchor transmitters compared favorably with those reported from other studies. In this study, females with and without anchor transmitters did not differ with respect to survival rates of their ducklings. The anchor transmitter may be suitable for a variety of field studies on numerous species.","language":"English","publisher":"Association of Field Ornithologists","usgsCitation":"Pietz, P., Brandt, D., Krapu, G., and Buhl, D., 1995, Modified transmitter attachment method for adult ducks: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 66, no. 3, p. 408-417.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"408","endPage":"417","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130579,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69934a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pietz, P.J.","contributorId":6398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pietz","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brandt, D.A.","contributorId":67448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krapu, Gary L.","contributorId":56994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapu","given":"Gary L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buhl, D. A. 0000-0002-8563-5990","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8563-5990","contributorId":13571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buhl","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1008660,"text":"1008660 - 1995 - Determination of selection gradients using multiple regression versus Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-29T08:34:44","indexId":"1008660","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1038,"text":"Biometrical Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of selection gradients using multiple regression versus Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)","docAbstract":"Selection studies involving multiple intercorrelated independent variables have employed multiple regression analysis as a means to estimate and partition natural and sexual selection's direct and indirect effects. These statistical models assume that independent variables are measured without error. Most would conclude that such is not the case in the field studies for which these methods are employed. We demonstrate that the distortion of estimates resulting from error variance is not trivial. When independent variables are intercorrelated, extreme distortions may occur. We propose to use Structural Equation Models (SEM), to estimate error variance and produce highly accurate coefficients for formulation of selection gradients. This method is particularly appropriate when the selection is viewed as happening at the level of the latent variables.
","language":"English","doi":"10.1002/bimj.4710370406","usgsCitation":"Pugesek, B., and Tomer, A., 1995, Determination of selection gradients using multiple regression versus Structural Equation Modeling (SEM): Biometrical Journal, v. 37, no. 4, p. 449-462, https://doi.org/10.1002/bimj.4710370406.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"449","endPage":"462","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130803,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-01-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db66794b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pugesek, B.H.","contributorId":45666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pugesek","given":"B.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tomer, A.","contributorId":80139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomer","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1012876,"text":"1012876 - 1995 - Some tests of the \"migration hypothesis\" for anadromous Dolly Varden (southern form)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:08:47","indexId":"1012876","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some tests of the \"migration hypothesis\" for anadromous Dolly Varden (southern form)","docAbstract":"Some aspects of a previously described migratory paradigm for the southern form of anadromous Dolly Varden Salvelinus malma were investigated with seven 3‐year mark–recapture experiments on fish that used lakes in eight watersheds as their winter residence. Weirs on Kodiak Island, around Prince William Sound, and near Juneau, Alaska, were used to capture Dolly Varden as they emigrated to the sea each spring. Dolly Varden (≥200 mm fork length) were individually marked during the first year of each experiment (1989 or 1990), and log‐linear models of their capture histories were used to estimate probabilities of capture during the second year (1990 or 1991). Our observations on timing of spring emigration and dispersal of Dolly Varden at sea confirm observations from earlier studies. Our results support the paradigm that Dolly Varden home to the same lacustrine watershed when overwintering in fresh water, as more than 98% of the recaptured fish did so. Our results contradicted the paradigm that Dolly Varden return to lakes each fall, for across study populations, 14–58% failed to return. The most probable explanation for this anomalous behavior is that some Dolly Varden spend the winter at sea. Differences in maturity, size, and growth of Dolly Varden and timing of their entrance into salt water during spring emigration were excluded as causes of this anomalous behavior.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1995)124<0297:STOTMH>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Bernard, D.R., Hepler, K.R., Jones, J.D., Whalen, M.E., and McBride, D.N., 1995, Some tests of the \"migration hypothesis\" for anadromous Dolly Varden (southern form): Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 124, no. 3, p. 297-307, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1995)124<0297:STOTMH>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"297","endPage":"307","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129547,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"124","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e591","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bernard, David R.","contributorId":53333,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bernard","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hepler, Kelley R.","contributorId":23882,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hepler","given":"Kelley","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, J. Douglas","contributorId":65037,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whalen, Mary E. 0000-0003-2820-5158 mwhalen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2820-5158","contributorId":203717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whalen","given":"Mary","email":"mwhalen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McBride, Douglas N.","contributorId":21109,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McBride","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1012949,"text":"1012949 - 1995 - Survival rates of radio-collared female polar bears and their dependent young","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-16T00:23:04.870979","indexId":"1012949","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival rates of radio-collared female polar bears and their dependent young","docAbstract":"Polar bears are hunted throughout most of their range. In addition to \r\n hunting, polar bears of the Beaufort Sea region are exposed to mineral \r\n and hydrocarbon extraction and related human activities such as \r\n shipping, road building, and seismic testing. As human populations \r\n increase and demands for polar bears and other arctic resources \r\n escalate, reliable estimates of survivorship of polar bears are needed \r\n to predict and manage the impacts of those activities. We used the \r\n Kaplan-Meier model to estimate annual survival (with 95% confidence \r\n intervals) for radio-collared female polar bears and their dependent \r\n young that were followed during a 12-year study in the Alaskan \r\n Beaufort Sea. Survival of adult female polar bears was higher than \r\n had been previously thought: S = 0.969 (range 0.952-0.983). If \r\n human-caused mortalities were deleted, the computed survival rate was \r\n 0.996 (0.990-1.002). Survival of young from den exit to weaning was \r\n 0.676 (0.634-0.701). Survival during the second year of life, 0.860 \r\n (0.751-0.903), was substantially higher than during the first year, \r\n 0.651 (0.610-0.675). Shooting by local hunters accounted for 85% of \r\n the documented deaths of adult female polar bears. Conversely, 90% of \r\n documented losses of young were independent of litter size (P = 0.36), \r\n indicating that parental investment in single cubs was not different \r\n from investment in litters of two or more. Precise estimates of the \r\n survival of independent juveniles and adult males still need to be \r\n developed.","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/z95-155","usgsCitation":"Amstrup, S.C., and Durner, G.M., 1995, Survival rates of radio-collared female polar bears and their dependent young: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 73, p. 1312-1322, https://doi.org/10.1139/z95-155.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1312","endPage":"1322","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129425,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6880e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":318450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Durner, George M. 0000-0002-3370-1191 gdurner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-1191","contributorId":3576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durner","given":"George","email":"gdurner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1013312,"text":"1013312 - 1995 - GIS for mapping waterfowl density and distribution from aerial surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:05","indexId":"1013312","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"GIS for mapping waterfowl density and distribution from aerial surveys","docAbstract":"We modified standard aerial survey data collection to obtain the geographic location for each waterfowl observation on surveys in Alaska during 1987-1993. Using transect navigation with CPS (global positioning system), data recording on continuously running tapes, and a computer data input program, we located observations with an average deviation along transects of 214 m. The method provided flexibility in survey design and data analysis. Although developed for geese nesting near the coast of the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, the methods are widely applicable and were used on other waterfowl surveys in Alaska to map distribution and relative abundance of waterfowl. Accurate location data with GIS analysis and display may improve precision and usefulness of data from any aerial transect survey.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Butler, W., Stehn, R., and Balogh, G., 1995, GIS for mapping waterfowl density and distribution from aerial surveys: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 23, p. 140-147.","productDescription":"pp. 140-147","startPage":"140","endPage":"147","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134204,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b468f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butler, W.I.","contributorId":96647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"W.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stehn, R.A.","contributorId":107642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stehn","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Balogh, G.R.","contributorId":74349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balogh","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1013313,"text":"1013313 - 1995 - Locating waterfowl observations on aerial surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:05","indexId":"1013313","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Locating waterfowl observations on aerial surveys","docAbstract":"We modified standard aerial survey data collection to obtain the geographic location for each waterfowl observation on surveys in Alaska during 1987-1993. Using transect navigation with CPS (global positioning system), data recording on continuously running tapes, and a computer data input program, we located observations with an average deviation along transects of 214 m. The method provided flexibility in survey design and data analysis. Although developed for geese nesting near the coast of the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, the methods are widely applicable and were used on other waterfowl surveys in Alaska to map distribution and relative abundance of waterfowl. Accurate location data with GIS analysis and display may improve precision and usefulness of data from any aerial transect survey.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Butler, W., Hodges, J., and Stehn, R., 1995, Locating waterfowl observations on aerial surveys: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 23, no. 2, p. 148-154.","productDescription":"pp. 148-154","startPage":"148","endPage":"154","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134191,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a68e4b07f02db63b6ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butler, W.I.","contributorId":96647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"W.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hodges, J.I.","contributorId":51264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodges","given":"J.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stehn, R.A.","contributorId":107642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stehn","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1014907,"text":"1014907 - 1995 - Dose-response effects of recombinant bovine somatotrop (Posilac) on growth performance and body composition of two-year-old rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-01T16:32:21.547261","indexId":"1014907","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2160,"text":"Journal of Animal Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dose-response effects of recombinant bovine somatotrop (Posilac) on growth performance and body composition of two-year-old rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","docAbstract":"Two hundred rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, mean weight 301.5 g) were allotted to four treatments with five replicates in a randomized block design to determine the dose-response effects of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST; PosilacTM) on growth performance and carcass composition. Treatments were sham-injected controls (S), 10 µg/g BW of rbST (L), 20 µg/g BW of rbST (M), and 30 µg/g BW of rbST (H). The tanks held 135 L; water flow = 15.1 L/min; temperature = 15°C. The fish were maintained in a 12-h light:dark cycle and hand-fed twice daily. The fish received a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection on d 0 and were weighed on d 0, 14, 28, and 56. On d 56 the fish were killed. The whole body (WBW), eviscerated carcass (EC), viscera (VIS), and reproductive organ weights and the increase in average daily body length (ADL) were determined. Recombinant bST reduced (linear, P < .004) feed intake 17.6% from d 0 to 14 and improved ADG 44.8% from d 0 to 14 (linear, P < .001) and 8.1% from d 0 to 56 (linear, P < .022). Treated groups had improved (linear, P < .001) feed efficiencies for d 0 to 28. Treatment with rbST increased final weight (linear, P < .018) and length (linear, P < .001), decreased carcass dry matter (linear, P < .001) and fat (linear, P < .001), content, increased carcass ash (linear, P < .001) and tended to increase carcass protein (linear, P < .054) content. Recombinant bST increased WBW (linear, P < .018) and EC (linear, P < .003) but decreased (linear, P < .015) testes weight. Ovary weights, VIS and overall gonadosomatic index were unaffected (P > .05) by rbST. Recombinant bST was undetectable in serum samples taken on d 56 as determined by radioimmunoassay. Overall, the improved ADG, feed efficiency, body mass, and composition indicate that administration of rbST to rainbow trout may be an efficacious method of modulating growth in fish.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2527/1995.73113216x","usgsCitation":"Garber, M., DeYonge, K., Byatt, J., Lellis, W., Honeyfield, D., Bull, R., Schelling, G., and Roeder, R., 1995, Dose-response effects of recombinant bovine somatotrop (Posilac) on growth performance and body composition of two-year-old rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Journal of Animal Science, v. 73, no. 11, p. 3216-3222, https://doi.org/10.2527/1995.73113216x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"3216","endPage":"3222","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131982,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db636062","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garber, M.J.","contributorId":78691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garber","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeYonge, K.G.","contributorId":23892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeYonge","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Byatt, J.C.","contributorId":38930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byatt","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lellis, W.A.","contributorId":67441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lellis","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Honeyfield, D. C. 0000-0003-3034-2047","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3034-2047","contributorId":73136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Honeyfield","given":"D. C.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bull, R.C.","contributorId":56187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bull","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schelling, G.T.","contributorId":40166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schelling","given":"G.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Roeder, R.A.","contributorId":37689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roeder","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70018785,"text":"70018785 - 1995 - Advanced instrumentation for the collection, retrieval, and processing of urban stormwater data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:26","indexId":"70018785","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Advanced instrumentation for the collection, retrieval, and processing of urban stormwater data","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Charlotte and Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, has developed a data-collection network that uses advanced instrumentation to automatically collect, retrieve, and process urban stormwater data. Precipitation measurement and water-quality networks provide data for (1) planned watershed simulation models, (2) early warning of possible flooding, (3) computation of material export, and (4) characterization of water quality in relation to basin conditions. Advantages of advanced instrumentation include remote access to real-time data, reduced demands on and more efficient use of limited human resources, and direct importation of data into a geographical information system for display and graphic analysis.","largerWorkTitle":"International Water Resources Engineering Conference - Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Water Resources. Part 1 (of 2)","conferenceDate":"14 August 1995 through 18 August 1995","conferenceLocation":"San Antonio, TX, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"Robinson, J.B., Bales, J.D., and Young, W.S., 1995, Advanced instrumentation for the collection, retrieval, and processing of urban stormwater data, in International Water Resources Engineering Conference - Proceedings, v. 2, San Antonio, TX, USA, 14 August 1995 through 18 August 1995, p. 1081-1085.","startPage":"1081","endPage":"1085","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227493,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e701e4b0c8380cd477b8","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Espey William H.Combs Phil G.","contributorId":128391,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Espey William H.Combs Phil G.","id":536437,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Jerald B. jbrobins@usgs.gov","contributorId":4667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Jerald","email":"jbrobins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":380756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bales, Jerad D. 0000-0001-8398-6984 jdbales@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8398-6984","contributorId":683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"Jerad","email":"jdbales@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":380755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Young, Wendi S.","contributorId":18354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Wendi","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70164316,"text":"70164316 - 1995 - Estimation of survival of adult Florida manatees in the Crystal River, at Blue Spring, and on the Atlantic Coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-01T10:30:14","indexId":"70164316","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":37,"text":"Information and Technology Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"1","title":"Estimation of survival of adult Florida manatees in the Crystal River, at Blue Spring, and on the Atlantic Coast","docAbstract":"We applied Cormack-Jolly-Seber open population models to manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) photo-identification databases to estimate adult survival probabilities. The computer programs JOLLY and RECAPCO were used to estimate survival of 677 individuals in three study areas: Crystal River (winters 1977-78 to 1990-91), Blue Spring (winters 1977-78 to 1990-91), and the Atlantic Coast (winters 1984-85 to 1990-91). We also estimated annual survival from observations of 111 manatees tagged for studies with radiotelemetry. Survival estimated from observations with telemetry had broader confidence intervals than survival estimated with the Cormack-Jolly-Seber models. Annual probabilities of capture based on photo-identification records were generally high. The mean annual adult survival estimated from sighting-resighting records was 0.959-0.962 in the Crystal River and 0.936-0.948 at Blue Spring and may be high enough to permit population growth, given the values of other life-history parameters. On the Atlantic Coast, the estimated annual adult survival (range of means = 0.877-0.885) may signify a declining population. However, for several reasons, interpretation of data from the latter study group should be tempered with caution. Adult survivorship seems to be constant with age in all three study groups. No strong differences were apparent between adult survival ofmales and females in the Crystal River or at Blue Spring; the basis of significant differences between sexes on the Atlantic Coast is unclear. Future research into estimating survival with photo-identification and the Cormack-Jolly-Seber models should be vigorously pursued. Estimates of annual survival can provide an additional indication of Florida manatee population status with a stronger statistical basis than aerial counts and carcass totals.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Population biology of the Florida manatee","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Biological Service","usgsCitation":"O'Shea, T., and Langtimm, C.A., 1995, Estimation of survival of adult Florida manatees in the Crystal River, at Blue Spring, and on the Atlantic Coast: Information and Technology Report 1, 9 p.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"194","endPage":"222","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316368,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b08fc9e4b010e2af2a5d53","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"O'Shea, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0758-9730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-9730","contributorId":78071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Shea","given":"Thomas J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":596988,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ackerman, B.B.","contributorId":31698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"B.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":596989,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Percival, H. Franklin percivalf@usgs.gov","contributorId":2424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Percival","given":"H.","email":"percivalf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Franklin","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":596990,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"O'Shea, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0758-9730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-9730","contributorId":78071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Shea","given":"Thomas J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":596986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langtimm, Catherine A. 0000-0001-8499-5743 clangtimm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8499-5743","contributorId":3045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langtimm","given":"Catherine","email":"clangtimm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":596987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":81444,"text":"81444 - 1995 - Find the fish: using PROC SQL to build a relational database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:58","indexId":"81444","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Find the fish: using PROC SQL to build a relational database","docAbstract":"Reliable estimates of abundance and survival, gained through mark-recapture studies, are necessary to better understand how to manage and restore lake trout populations in the Great Lakes. Working with a 24-year data set from a mark-recapture study conducted in Lake Superior, we attempted to disclose information on tag shedding by examining recaptures of double-tagged fish. The data set consisted of 64,288 observations on fish which had been marked with one or more tags; a subset of these fish had been marked with two tags at initial capture. Although DATA and PROC statements could be used to obtain some of the information we sought, these statements could not be used to extract a complete set of results from the double-tagging experiments. We therefore used SQL processing to create three tables representing the same information but in a fully normalized relational structure. In addition, we created indices to efficiently examine complex relationships among the individual capture records. This approach allowed us to obtain all the information necessary to estimate tag retention through subsequent modeling. We believe that our success with SQL was due in large part to its ability to simultaneosly scan the same table more than once and to permit consideration of other tables in sub-queries.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Client/server computing with the SAS system: tips and techniques","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"SAS Institute","publisherLocation":"Cary, NC","isbn":"1555442188","collaboration":"Also published in: Proceedings of the Nineteenth Annual SAS users Group International ConferenceOut-of-print","usgsCitation":"Fabrizio, M.C., and Nelson, S.N., 1995, Find the fish: using PROC SQL to build a relational database, chap. of Client/server computing with the SAS system: tips and techniques, p. 238-243.","productDescription":"p. 238-243","startPage":"238","endPage":"243","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128237,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f46cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fabrizio, Mary C.","contributorId":77471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fabrizio","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, Scott N.","contributorId":76677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018843,"text":"70018843 - 1995 - Tectonic implications of post-30 Ma Pacific and North American relative plate motions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-23T15:40:36.137299","indexId":"70018843","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonic implications of post-30 Ma Pacific and North American relative plate motions","docAbstract":"The Pacific plate moved northwest relative to North America since 42 Ma. The rapid half rate of Pacific-Farallon spreading allowed the ridge to approach the continent at about 29 Ma. Extinct spreading ridges that occur offshore along 65% of the margin (Lonsdale, 1991) document that fragments of the subducted Farallon slab became captured by the Pacific plate and assumed its motion prior to the actual subduction of the spreading ridge. This plate-capture process can be used to explain much of the post–29 Ma Cordilleran North America extension, strike slip, and the inland jump of oceanic spreading in the Gulf of California. The Pacific and North American contact zone lengthened with each successive plate capture event, underpinning the parts of western North America directly inland with a strong plate undergoing Pacific relative motion. We suggest that much of the post–29 Ma continental tectonism is the result of the strong traction imposed on the deep part of the continental crust by the gently inclined slab of subducted oceanic lithosphere as it moved to the northwest relative to the overlying continent. The plate-capture hypothesis is distinctly different from theories involving shallow slab gaps. Kinematic problems associated with shallow slab-gap models cause us to question them. This conclusion is consistent with seismic refraction interpretations that suggest there is an inclined layer with high velocities like that of basalt or gabbro at the base of the continental crust beneath much of the Californian margin and the documented reduction of slab-pull forces and density associated with young subducting slabs. Thermal and rheologic modeling suggests that coastal California was a strong zone at all depths allowing it to be firmly linked to Pacific motion. Our model shows that deformed regions such as the basin and range and borderland provinces developed in predicted weak parts of the crustal section, but they have been incompletely linked to the deep plate across the ductile middle and lower crustal layer.
So-called abnormal pressures, subsurface fluid pressures significantly higher or lower than hydrostatic, have excited speculation about their origin since subsurface exploration first encountered them. Two distinct conceptual models for abnormal pressures have gained currency among earth scientists. The static model sees abnormal pressures generally as relict features preserved by a virtual absence of fluid flow over geologic time. The hydrodynamic model instead envisions abnormal pressures as phenomena in which flow usually plays an important role. This paper develops the theoretical framework for abnormal pressures as hydrodynamic phenomena, shows that it explains the manifold occurrences of abnormal pressures, and examines the implications of this approach.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Journal of Science","doi":"10.2475/ajs.295.6.742","usgsCitation":"Neuzil, C., 1995, Abnormal pressures as hydrodynamic phenomena: American Journal of Science, v. 295, no. 6, p. 742-786, https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.295.6.742.","productDescription":"45 p.","startPage":"742","endPage":"786","numberOfPages":"45","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479249,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.295.6.742","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":226887,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"295","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e643e4b0c8380cd472c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neuzil, C. E. 0000-0003-2022-4055","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2022-4055","contributorId":81078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuzil","given":"C. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018865,"text":"70018865 - 1995 - Geologic framework of a transect of the central Brooks Range: Regional relations and an alternative to the Endicott Mountains allochthon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-20T17:13:53.976037","indexId":"70018865","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic framework of a transect of the central Brooks Range: Regional relations and an alternative to the Endicott Mountains allochthon","docAbstract":"This paper evaluates the geologic framework and tectonic development of the central Brooks Range based on a transect through the range and Arctic foothills. A geologic cross section constructed through the transect is confirmed by comparing the retrodeformed section with the regional distribution of lithofacies in the central Brooks Range. Stratigraphic relations in the retrodeformed section are further explained by comparing them to similar stratigraphic relations in the Ikpikpuk-Umiat basin under the Arctic coastal plain.
The structural framework of the central Brooks Range and Arctic foothills consists of fold nappes, thrust faults, and detached folds that sole in decollements and late-stage high-angle faults. In the central Brooks Range, shortening is by north-directed thrust faulting and folding of mostly Paleozoic rocks, and transport of any individual thrust sheet relative to underlying rocks is less than 30 km. In the middle of the range, imbricate blocks of lower Paleozoic basement are exposed in the core of the Doonerak anticline, and thrust sheets of stratigraphically higher Paleozoic rocks that overlie basement are exposed in the limbs of the anticline. In the northeast part of the anticline, the Amawk thrust emplaces Silurian and Upper Devonian rocks on a succession of Lower Mississippian an stratigraphically higher rocks that have been detached from the underlying basement along the Blarney Creek thrust. The Slatepile fault system, a system of high-angle faults in the north limb of the Doonerak anticline, drops the core and part of the north limb of the anticline down, giving the impression that the succession of Lower Mississippian and stratigraphically higher rocks that lie on basement south of the system high-angle faults extends under the Upper Devonian rocks that extensively crop out north of the high-angle faults. In the Arctic foothills, the mostly Paleozoic rocks of the north-central Brooks Range extend under Lower Cretaceous rocks of the North Slope foreland basin, and blind thrusts that sole in the Paleozoic rocks ramp up into the Lower Cretaceous and stratigraph cally higher rocks. Also in the Arctic foothills, a thrust sheet that contains the Arctic foothills assemblage overlies rocks of the north-central Brooks Range and Lower Cretaceous rocks of the North Slope foreland basin. Thrust transport of the Arctic foothills assemblage more than 40 km from south of the Doonerak anticline took place during the Early Cretaceous, but thrusting that deformed rocks of the North Slope foreland basin took place during the early Tertiary, with the vertical uplift of the Doonerak anticline being a late-formed feature.
Conclusions based on the retrodeformed cross section contrast significantly with previous work in which the Upper Devonian and stratigraphically higher rocks north of the Doonerak anticline are considered part of the Endicott Mountains allochthon, a regional allochthon that extends the breadth of the Brooks Range. In these models, Upper Devonian and younger rocks in the north-central Brooks Range have been thrust-transported 90 or 200 km from south of the Doonerak anticline, and emplacement of the allochthon could reflect as much as 885 km of tectonic shortening. The Lower Mississippian and stratigraphically higher rocks together with the underlying basement in the
northeast part of the anticline are considered to be in a window in the Endicott Mountains allochthon and to extend northward beneath allochthonous Upper Devonian and stratigraphically higher rocks in the north-central Brooks Range.
Lithofacies patterns in rocks in the central Brooks Range are consistent with the retrodeformed cross section and imply plausible Upper Devonian and Carboniferous depositional systems. Thick Upper Devonian and Lower Mississippian(?) clastic prisms were deposited in basins north of the Doonerak anticline. Mississippian carbonate rocks that overlie these clastic prisms were deposited in differentially subsiding shelf environments that included rocks in the Doonerak anticline. Restored across the Blarney Creek thrust, the Mississippian shelf carbonate rocks that presently lie north of the Doonerak anticline are those that were deposited on basement in the anticline. A carbonate ramp at the south edge of these shelf deposits extends east-southeast across the central Brooks Range and in th retrodeformed section lies south of the Doonerak anticline where Upper and Middle(?) Devonian shaly rocks thicken to the south. Unrestored, the ramp would extend across the Doonerak anticline.
Restored Late Devonian and Carboniferous lithofacies patterns in the central Brooks Range also are plausible from a regional perspective and have implications for exploration of basins under the Arctic coastal plain. The Late Devonian to Early Mississippian(?) basins in the north-central Brooks Range are part of a system of Early(?) Devonian to Early Mississippian(?) clastic basins that extend the length of the Brooks Range and include basins under the Arctic coastal plain. These basins are a template for depositional patterns in overlying rocks. Marine shelves between these basins where Mississippian strata unconformably lie on basement, such as in the northeastern Brooks Range and the Doonerak anticline, have depositional histories that are in contrast to areas that overlie the basi s. The resulting stratigraphic framework, together with the structural framework in the basement rocks that controlled the basins, has had a profound effect on the structural style of the fold belt, the salient effect being folds and thrust faults that are not orthogonal to the direction of structural transport. Stratigraphic relations exposed in the fold belt, especially the distribution of potential source rocks, likely model little-explored basins that underlie the North Slope foreland basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/8D2B21EB-171E-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Kelley, J., and Brosge, W., 1995, Geologic framework of a transect of the central Brooks Range: Regional relations and an alternative to the Endicott Mountains allochthon: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 79, no. 8, p. 1087-1115, https://doi.org/10.1306/8D2B21EB-171E-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"1087","endPage":"1115","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226349,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"central Brooks Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.48710859287527,\n 68.47681583657115\n ],\n [\n -154.48710859287527,\n 66.91601910999003\n ],\n [\n -148.70597701501478,\n 66.91601910999003\n ],\n [\n -148.70597701501478,\n 68.47681583657115\n ],\n [\n -154.48710859287527,\n 68.47681583657115\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"79","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a196ae4b0c8380cd559a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelley, John S.","contributorId":23560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"John S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brosge, W. P.","contributorId":58248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brosge","given":"W. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018877,"text":"70018877 - 1995 - Tectonic setting of the Portland-Vancouver area, Oregon and Washington: Constraints from low-altitude aeromagnetic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-23T15:38:45.307716","indexId":"70018877","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonic setting of the Portland-Vancouver area, Oregon and Washington: Constraints from low-altitude aeromagnetic data","docAbstract":"Seismic activity in the Portland-Vancouver metropolitan area may be associated with various mapped faults that locally offset volcanic basement of Eocene age and younger. This volcanic basement is concealed in most places by young deposits, vegetation, and urban development. The U.S. Geological Survey conducted an aeromagnetic survey in September 1992 to investigate the extent of these mapped faults and possibly to help identify other seismic and volcanic hazards in the area. The survey was flown approximately 240 m above terrain, along flight lines spaced 460 m apart, and over an area about 50 × 50 km. These magnetic data indicate a pronounced northwest-striking magnetic lineation east of the Willamette River in downtown Portland associated with a fault concealed beneath Quaternary sedimentary deposits and previously inferred from shallow well data. The magnetic lineation confirms the existence of the fault and suggests that it has had a prolonged history: (1) Although well data indicate <200 m of vertical offset of underlying volcanic basement, models based on the aeromagnetic data from downtown Portland suggest reverse faulting with up to 1 km of offset deeper in the section. (2) The magnetic lineation associated with this fault extends southeast to the Clackamas River drainage, a distance of 50 km and considerably beyond the mapped extent of the fault. A northwest-striking magnetic anomaly located southwest of the Tualatin Mountains corresponds closely with another mapped fault and with mixed reverse and strike-slip faulting during a seismic swarm (M ≤ 3) in 1991. We believe these and other anomalies in the aeromagnetic data reflect the Portland Hills fault zone, believed to be the southwestern boundary of a structural basin now occupied by Portland and Vancouver. The postulated northeastern boundary of the basin, the Frontal fault zone, is also evident, although less well represented in the aeromagnetic data. Aeromagnetic anomalies, geologic mapping, and earthquake focal-plane solutions demonstrate a complex deformational history in the Portland-Vancouver area since middle Miocene time that includes elements of compression, extension, and dextral slip. These complexities reflect Portland-Vancouver's unique position within a north-south transition in tectonic styles along the Cascadia margin, from compressional in the north to extensional in the south.
Wetlands are common in montane and subalpine settings in the Rocky Mountains, Sierra Nevada, and other mountainous regions of the western U.S. Because they are efficient filters, many contain anomalous concentrations of uranium and other metals. Sorption by organic matter, complexing of the uranyl ion, (UO2) 2+, with humic and fulvic acids, and action by bacteria has produced geochemical enrichment factors greater than 10000 to 1 between peat and uranium-bearing waters. Sediments in 67 of 145 Colorado wetlands sampled by the U.S. Geological Survey contain moderate (20 ppm) or greater concentrations of uranium (some as high as 3 000 ppm) based on dry weight. The proposed maximum contaminant level (MCL) for uranium in drinking water is 20 μg/1 or 20 ppb. By comparison, sediments in many of these wetlands contain 3 to 5 orders of magnitude more uranium than the proposed MCL. Wetlands near the workings of old mines (widespread in Colorado and other areas) may be trapping any number of additional metals/elements including Cu, Pb, Zn, As and Ag. Anthropogenic disturbances and natural changes may release uranium and other loosely bound metals presently contained in wetland sediments. Draining of wetlands with resulting oxidation of organic-rich sediments, acidification, and other environmental and geochemical changes may free relatively high concentrations of metals that have accumulated for thousands of years in the organic-rich sediments. Destruction of wetlands eliminates the natural filtration function which serves to protect water quality.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0925-8574(95)00013-9","usgsCitation":"Owen, D.E., and Otton, J.K., 1995, Mountain wetlands: Efficient uranium filters — Potential impacts: Ecological Engineering, v. 5, no. 1, p. 77-93, https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-8574(95)00013-9.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"93","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227006,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5eb7e4b0c8380cd70c1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Owen, Douglass E.","contributorId":76282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"Douglass","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Otton, James K. jkotton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otton","given":"James","email":"jkotton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":380654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018746,"text":"70018746 - 1995 - Interlaboratory study of a method for determining nonvolatile organic carbon in aquifer materials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:25","indexId":"70018746","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interlaboratory study of a method for determining nonvolatile organic carbon in aquifer materials","docAbstract":"The organic carbon fraction in aquifer materials exerts a major influence on the subsurface mobilities of organic and organic-associated contaminants. The spatial distribution of total organic carbon (TOC) in aquifer materials must be determined before the transport of hydrophobic organic pollutants in aquifers can be modeled accurately. Previous interlaboratory studies showed that it is difficult to measure TOC concentrations <0.1% in aquifer materials, when total inorganic carbon (TIC) concentrations are >1%. We have tested a new analytical method designed to improve the accuracy and precision of nonvolatile TOC quantitation in geologic materials that also contain carbonate minerals. Four authentic aquifer materials and one NIST standard reference material were selected as test materials for a blind collaborative study. Nonvolatile TOC in these materials ranged from 0.05 to 1.4%, while TIC ranged from 0.46 to 12.6%. Sample replicates were digested with sulfurous acid, dried at 40??C, and then combusted at 950??C using LECO or UIC instruments. For the three test materials that contained >2% TIC, incomplete acidification resulted in a systematic positive bias of TOC values reported by five of the six laboratories that used the test method. Participants did not have enough time to become proficient with the new method before they analyzed the test materials. A seventh laboratory successfully used an alternative method that analyzed separate liquid and solid fractions of the acidified sample residues. ?? 1995 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00770471","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Caughey, M., Barcelona, M., Powell, R., Cahill, R., Gron, C., Lawrenz, D., and Meschi, P., 1995, Interlaboratory study of a method for determining nonvolatile organic carbon in aquifer materials: Environmental Geology, v. 26, no. 4, p. 211-219, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00770471.","startPage":"211","endPage":"219","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479265,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/46768>","text":"External Repository"},{"id":205957,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00770471"},{"id":227624,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3d26e4b0c8380cd63337","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caughey, M.E.","contributorId":83682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caughey","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barcelona, M.J.","contributorId":33469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barcelona","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Powell, R.M.","contributorId":27623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cahill, R.A.","contributorId":66393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahill","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gron, C.","contributorId":7435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gron","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lawrenz, D.","contributorId":37909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrenz","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Meschi, P.L.","contributorId":42729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meschi","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70018880,"text":"70018880 - 1995 - Strong-acid, carboxyl-group structures in fulvic acid from the Suwannee River, Georgia. 2. Major structures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T07:46:51","indexId":"70018880","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strong-acid, carboxyl-group structures in fulvic acid from the Suwannee River, Georgia. 2. Major structures","docAbstract":"Polycarboxylic acid structures that account for the strong-acid characteristics (pKa1 near 2.0) were examined for fulvic acid from the Suwannee River. Studies of model compounds demonstrated that pKa values near 2.0 occur only if the a-ether or a-ester groups were in cyclic structures with two to three additional electronegative functional groups (carboxyl, ester, ketone, aromatic groups) at adjacent positions on the ring. Ester linkage removal by alkaline hydrolysis and destruction of ether linkages through cleavage and reduction with hydriodic acid confirmed that the strong carboxyl acidity in fulvic acid was associated with polycarboxylic a-ether and a-ester structures. Studies of hypothetical structural models of fulvic acid indicated possible relation of these polycarboxylic structures with the amphiphilic and metal-binding properties of fulvic acid.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es00002a016","usgsCitation":"Leenheer, J., Wershaw, R., and Reddy, M., 1995, Strong-acid, carboxyl-group structures in fulvic acid from the Suwannee River, Georgia. 2. Major structures: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 29, no. 2, p. 399-405, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00002a016.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"399","endPage":"405","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9b8ee4b08c986b31cf7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leenheer, J.A.","contributorId":75123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leenheer","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wershaw, R.L.","contributorId":62223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reddy, M.M.","contributorId":24363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018882,"text":"70018882 - 1995 - Quaternary soils and dust deposition in southern Nevada and California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-23T15:34:52.10257","indexId":"70018882","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quaternary soils and dust deposition in southern Nevada and California","docAbstract":"Eolian dust constitutes much of the pedogenic material in late Pleistocene and Holocene soils of many arid regions of the world. Comparison of the compositions and influx rates of modern dust with the eolian component of dated soils at 24 sites in southern Nevada and California yields information on (1) the composition and influx rate of dust in late Pleistocene and Holocene soils, (2) paleoclimate and its effects on the genesis of aridic soils, especially with regard to dustfall events, (3) the timing and relative contribution of dust from playa sources versus alluvial sources, and (4) the effects of accumulation of dust in soil horizons.
The <2 mm fractions of A and B horizons of soils formed on gravelly alluvial-fan deposits in the study area are similar to modern dust in grain size, content of CaCO3 and salt, major oxides, and clay mineralogy; thus, they are interpreted to consist largely of dust. The major-oxide compositions of the shallow soil horizons are nearly identical to that of the modern dust, but the compositions of progressively deeper horizons approach that of the parent material. The clay mineralogy of modern dust at a given site is similar to that of the Av horizons of nearby Holocene soils but is commonly different from the mineralogies of deeper soil horizons and of the Av horizons of nearby Pleistocene soils. These results are interpreted to indicate that dust both accumulates and is transformed in Av horizons with time.
Changes in soil-accumulation rates provide insights into the interplay of paleoclimate, dust supply, and soil-forming processes. Modern dust-deposition rates are more than large enough to account for middle and late Holocene soil-accumulation rates at nearly all sites. However, the early Holocene soil-accumulation rates in areas near late Pleistocene pluvial lakes are much higher than modern rates and clearly indicate a dust-deflation and -deposition event that caused rapid formation of fine-grained shallow soil horizons on uppermost Pleistocene and lower Holocene deposits. We interpret late Pleistocene soil-accumulation rates to indicate that dust-deposition rates were low during this period but that increased effective moisture during the late Wisconsinan favored translocation of clay and CaCO3 from near the surface to deeper in the soil profile. Pre–late Pleistocene rates are very low in most areas, mainly due to a pedogenic threshold that was crossed when accumulations of silt, clay, and CaCO3 began to inhibit the downward transport of eolian material, but in part due to erosion.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1995)107<1003:QSADDI>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Reheis, M., 1995, Quaternary soils and dust deposition in southern Nevada and California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 107, no. 9, p. 1003-1022, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1995)107<1003:QSADDI>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1003","endPage":"1022","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226614,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a92dae4b0c8380cd80ab5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reheis, M.C. 0000-0002-8359-323X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8359-323X","contributorId":36128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reheis","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018885,"text":"70018885 - 1995 - Spatial variation in background groundwater geochemistry of the Gurinai Wetland, Gobi Desert, Inner Mongolia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:14","indexId":"70018885","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2767,"text":"Models for assessing and monitoring groundwater quality. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial variation in background groundwater geochemistry of the Gurinai Wetland, Gobi Desert, Inner Mongolia","docAbstract":"Age dating of groundwater from several hand-dug wells in the Gurinai Wetland of the Badajilin-Gobi Desert, north-central China, indicated a continuum from present to 7625??155 years B.P. Water age correlates with concentration for some constituents. In general, concentrations of Fe, Cr, Se and Sr increase with increasing age, whereas Ca, Br, Zn and Rb decrease. Compared to concentration ranges reported for freshwaters, several constituents were much more concentrated including Na, Cl, Mg, Br and Th, and many others extended the upper concentration limit including Sr, Mo, Rb, Cr, U, Se, Nb and Ce. For Th, the maximum observed concentration extends the previously summarized maximum by more than an order of magnitude.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Models for assessing and monitoring groundwater quality. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Gu, W., and Peters, N., 1995, Spatial variation in background groundwater geochemistry of the Gurinai Wetland, Gobi Desert, Inner Mongolia: Models for assessing and monitoring groundwater quality. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995, v. 227, p. 85-90.","startPage":"85","endPage":"90","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226617,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"227","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94b8e4b08c986b31ac0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gu, Weizu","contributorId":22633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gu","given":"Weizu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018887,"text":"70018887 - 1995 - Simulation models for conservative and nonconservative solute transport in streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-13T21:17:11","indexId":"70018887","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1483,"text":"Effects of scale on interpretation and management of sediment and water quality. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation models for conservative and nonconservative solute transport in streams","docAbstract":"Solute transport in streams is governed by a suite of hydrologic and chemical processes. Interactions between hydrologic processes and chemical reactions may be quantified through a combination of field-scale experimentation and simulation modeling. Two mathematical models that simulate conservative and nonconservative solute transport in streams are presented. A model for conservative solutes that considers One Dimensional Transport with Inflow and Storage (OTIS) may be used in conjunction with tracer-dilution methods to quantify hydrologic transport processes (advection, dispersion, lateral inflow and transient storage). For nonconservative solutes, a model known as OTEQ may be used to quantify chemical processes within the context of hydrologic transport. OTEQ combines the transport mechanisms in OTIS with a chemical equilibrium sub-model that considers complexation, precipitation/dissolution and sorption. OTEQ has been used to quantify processes affecting trace metals in two streams in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, USA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Effects of scale on interpretation and management of sediment and water quality. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Runkel, R., 1995, Simulation models for conservative and nonconservative solute transport in streams: Effects of scale on interpretation and management of sediment and water quality. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995, v. 226, p. 153-159.","startPage":"153","endPage":"159","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226664,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269310,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/software/OTIS/addl/misc/iahs_226_0153.pdf"}],"volume":"226","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8febe4b08c986b31920b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Runkel, R.L.","contributorId":97529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}