Emperor Geese (Chen canagica) breed primarily on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska (Eisenhauer and Kirkpatrick 1977), but a small, poorly quantified proportion of the world's population is known to breed in the Russia Far East (Kistchinski 1976, 1988, Portenko 1981). Eisenhauer and Kirkpatrick (1977) stated that 80 to 90% of all Emperor Geese breed on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, and current estimates for numbers of breeding pairs in this area are 20,000 to 25,000 (R. A. Stehn, National Biological Service, Anchorage, Alaska, unpubl. data). In Russia, Emperor Geese are distributed primarily along the north coast of the Chukotka Peninsula between Kolyuchin Bay and Cape Shmidt, and in the Anadyr Lowlands along the coast of Anadyr Bay (Fig. 1; Kistchinski 1988, Kondratyev 1992, 1993), Kistchinski (1976) noted that up to 80% of these geese are nonbreeding birds. Recent aerial surveys of Emperor Goose habitats along the eastern coast of Russia indicated a minimum of 3,000 to 5,000 geese, although very few were on nests or with young, and only 127 total broods were seen during these surveys (J. I. Hodges, Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), Juneau, Alaska, unpubl. data) It is not known if these two continental distributions of breeding Emperor Geese commingle and use similar areas during migration and for winter. Aerial surveys of the Alaska Peninsula during spring and fall indicate that lagoons on the northern coast are the primary staging areas for this species, and it is presumed that virtually all Emperor Geese use the Alaska Peninsula during migration (Petersen and Gill 1982). Emperor Geese winter throughout the Aleutian and Kommandorsky islands (Byrd et al., 1974). In the late fall, geese arrive in the western and eastern Aleutian Islands before arriving in the central Aleutians, thus suggesting that geese may be coming to this wintering area from both continents (G. V. Byrd pers, comm.). Speculations of previous investigators that Emperor Geese breeding in Russia use the Alaska Peninsula for staging (Eisenhauer and Kirkpatrick 1977, A. Krechmar pers. comm.) have not been confirmed. Here we report observations of two geese banded as juveniles in Russia and observed on the Alaska Peninsula during their first fall migration.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4089035","usgsCitation":"Schmutz, J.A., and Kondratyev, A.V., 1995, Evidence of Emperor Geese breeding in Russia and staging in Alaska: The Auk, v. 112, no. 4, p. 1037-1038, https://doi.org/10.2307/4089035.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1037","endPage":"1038","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337640,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia, United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"112","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ca52ffe4b0849ce97c8756","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kondratyev, Alexander V.","contributorId":60160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kondratyev","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185716,"text":"70185716 - 1995 - Use of isotopic data to estimate water residence times of the Finger Lakes, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T09:19:00","indexId":"70185716","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of isotopic data to estimate water residence times of the Finger Lakes, New York","docAbstract":"Water retention times in the Finger Lakes, a group of 11 lakes in central New York with similar hydrologic and climatic characteristics, were estimated by use of a tritium-balance model. During July 1991, samples were collected from the 11 lakes and selected tributary streams and were analyzed for tritium, deuterium, and oxygen-18. Additional samples from some of the sites were collected in 1990, 1992 and 1993. Tritium concentration in lake water ranged from 24.6 Tritium Units (TU) (Otisco Lake) to 43.2 TU (Seneca Lake).The parameters in the model used to obtain water retention time (WRT) included relative humidity, evaporation rate, tritium concentrations of inflowing water and lake water, and WRT of the lake. A historical record of tritium concentrations in precipitation and runoff was obtained from rainfall data at Ottawa, Canada, analyses of local wines produced during 1977–1991, and streamflow samples collected in 1990–1991. The model was simulated in yearly steps for 1953–1991, and the WRT was varied to reproduce tritium concentrations measured in each lake in 1991. Water retention times obtained from model simulations ranged from 1 year for Otisco Lake to 12 years for Seneca Lake, and with the exception of Seneca Lake and Skaneateles Lake, were in agreement with earlier estimates obtained from runoff estimates and chloride balances. The sensitivity of the model to parameter changes was tested to determine possible reasons for the differences calculated for WRT's for Seneca Lake and Skaneateles Lake. The shorter WRT obtained from tritium data for Lake Seneca (12 years as compared to 18 years) can be explained by a yearly addition of less than 3% by lake volume of ground water to the lake, the exact percentage depending on tritium concentration in the ground water.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(94)02586-Z","usgsCitation":"Michel, R.L., and Kraemer, T.F., 1995, Use of isotopic data to estimate water residence times of the Finger Lakes, New York: Journal of Hydrology, v. 164, no. 1-4, p. 1-18, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(94)02586-Z.","productDescription":"18 p. ","startPage":"1","endPage":"18","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338453,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Finger Lakes ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.76123046875,\n 42.86187308074834\n ],\n [\n -77.7886962890625,\n 42.85180609584705\n ],\n [\n -77.794189453125,\n 42.78532283730215\n ],\n [\n -77.640380859375,\n 42.63597933867727\n ],\n [\n -77.23663330078125,\n 42.3016903282445\n ],\n [\n -76.54998779296875,\n 42.342305278572816\n ],\n [\n -76.16546630859375,\n 42.82562425459303\n ],\n [\n -76.30279541015625,\n 43.018705515824635\n ],\n [\n -77.76123046875,\n 42.86187308074834\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"164","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58db7635e4b0ee37af29e4c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michel, Robert L. rlmichel@usgs.gov","contributorId":823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"Robert","email":"rlmichel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kraemer, Thomas F. tkraemer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraemer","given":"Thomas","email":"tkraemer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70184677,"text":"70184677 - 1995 - Characteristics of vegetation phenology over the Alaskan landscape using AVHRR time-series data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-20T11:10:06","indexId":"70184677","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3095,"text":"Polar Record","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characteristics of vegetation phenology over the Alaskan landscape using AVHRR time-series data","docAbstract":"Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) satellite data were acquired and composited into twice-a-month periods from 1 May 1991 to 15 October 1991 in order to map vegetation characteristics of the Alaskan landscape. Unique spatial and temporal qualities of the AVHRR data provide information that leads to a better understanding of regional biophysical characteristics of vegetation communities and patterns. These data provided synoptic views of the landscape and depicted phenological diversity, temporal vegetation phenology (green-up, peak of green, and senescence), photosynthetic activity, and regional landscape patterns. Products generated from the data included a phenological class map, phenological composite maps (onset, peak, and duration), and photosynthetic activity maps (mean and maximum greenness). The time-series data provide opportunities to study phenological processes at small landscape scales over time periods of weeks, months, and years. Regional patterns identified on some of the maps are unique to specific areas; others correspond to biophysical or ecoregional boundaries. The data provide new insights to landscape processes, ecology, and landscape physiognomy that allow scientists to look at landscapes in ways that were previously difficult to achieve.
Most change-in-ratio (CIR) methods for estimating fish and wildlife population sizes have been based only on assumptions about how encounter probabilities vary among population subclasses. When information on sampling effort is available, it is also possible to derive CIR estimators based on assumptions about how encounter probabilities vary over time. This paper presents a generalization of previous CIR models that allows explicit consideration of a range of assumptions about the variation of encounter probabilities among subclasses and over time. Explicit estimators are derived under this model for specific sets of assumptions about the encounter probabilities. Numerical methods are presented for obtaining estimators under the full range of possible assumptions. Likelihood ratio tests for these assumptions are described. Emphasis is on obtaining estimators based on assumptions about variation of encounter probabilities over time.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Biometric Society","doi":"10.2307/2532935","usgsCitation":"Udevitz, M.S., and Pollock, K.H., 1995, Using effort information with change-in-ratio data for population estimation: Biometrics, v. 51, no. 2, p. 471-481, https://doi.org/10.2307/2532935.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"471","endPage":"481","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335068,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"589c3c4fe4b0efcedb74110f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Udevitz, Mark S. 0000-0003-4659-138X mudevitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-138X","contributorId":3189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udevitz","given":"Mark","email":"mudevitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pollock, Kenneth H.","contributorId":8590,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70177024,"text":"70177024 - 1995 - A survey of recent results in passive sampling of water and air by semipermeable membrane devices","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-14T14:52:13","indexId":"70177024","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A survey of recent results in passive sampling of water and air by semipermeable membrane devices","docAbstract":"A survey is presented of some recent results for passive sampling of water and air for trace organic contaminants using lipid-filled semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs). Results of water sampling for trace organochlorine compounds using simultaneously exposed SPMDs and the most universally applied biomonitor (bivalves) are discussed. In general, the total amounts of accumulated analytes available for analysis in bivalves and SPMDs were comparable. However, SPMD controls typically had negligible levels of contamination, which was not always the case for transplanted bivalves, even after prolonged depuration prior to exposure. In surveys of the spatial trends of organochlorines at a series of sites, data from bivalves and SPMDs provided the same picture of contaminant distribution and severity. An exception was ionizable contaminants such as the chlorinated phenolic compounds and their transformation products found in pulp mill effluents. In these cases the two monitoring approaches compliment each other, i.e. what is not found in bivalves appears in SPMDs and vice versa. SPMDs have also been applied in environments where biomonitoring is not feasible. SPMDs have shown their utility in studies of trace levels of polyaromatic hydrocarbons by locating and characterizing point sources. An example is given of their application to the calculation of contaminant half-lives from aqueous SPMD residues, a direct measurement of the persistence of contaminants in an environmental compartment. Similarly, results of air sampling with SPMDs in a relatively pristine coastal location are cited which reveal a tremendous enhancement in p,p′-DDE relative to open ocean values.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-326X(95)00146-E","usgsCitation":"Prest, H.F., Huckins, J.N., Petty, J.D., Herve, S., Paasivirta, J., and Heinonen, P., 1995, A survey of recent results in passive sampling of water and air by semipermeable membrane devices: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 31, no. 4-12, p. 306-312, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-326X(95)00146-E.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"306","endPage":"312","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329615,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"4-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5801eec0e4b0824b2d18c43b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prest, Harry F.","contributorId":175401,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prest","given":"Harry","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huckins, James N.","contributorId":83454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huckins","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":651024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Petty, Jimmie D.","contributorId":175402,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petty","given":"Jimmie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Herve, Sirpa","contributorId":175403,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herve","given":"Sirpa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Paasivirta, Jaakko","contributorId":175404,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paasivirta","given":"Jaakko","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Heinonen, Pertti","contributorId":175405,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heinonen","given":"Pertti","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70186897,"text":"70186897 - 1995 - Census methodologies of Black-legged Kittiwakes in Glacier Bay National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-13T13:41:30","indexId":"70186897","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Census methodologies of Black-legged Kittiwakes in Glacier Bay National Park","docAbstract":"Black-legged Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) have recently experienced widespread population declines and frequent colony failures throughout the North Pacific. At Glacier Bay National Park, the Margerie Glacier colony was censused visually in 1991 through 1993. In 1993 a new photographic census technique was also tested to assess its feasibility, accuracy, and ease of use, Three years of monitoring data indicate that kittiwake population size declined by about 10% over the three-year period, and that there were near-total colony reproductive failures in 1991 and 1992. Compared to visual colony counts made from a skiff, counting adult kittiwakes from projected 35-mm slides proved to be both more efficient and equally accurate.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the third Glacier Bay science symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Third Glacier Bay Science Symposium","conferenceDate":"September 13-18, 1993","conferenceLocation":"Gustavus, AK","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","isbn":"0941555011","usgsCitation":"Hooge, E.R., 1995, Census methodologies of Black-legged Kittiwakes in Glacier Bay National Park, in Proceedings of the third Glacier Bay science symposium, Gustavus, AK, September 13-18, 1993, p. 264-266.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"264","endPage":"266","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339697,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339693,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nps.gov/glba/learn/nature/symposium.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Glacier Bay National Park","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f08e64e4b06911a29fa870","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Engstrom, Daniel R.","contributorId":82665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engstrom","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690916,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Hooge, Elizabeth Ross","contributorId":95661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooge","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"Ross","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018927,"text":"70018927 - 1995 - Hydrologic effects of increased urbanization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:13","indexId":"70018927","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Hydrologic effects of increased urbanization","docAbstract":"Urban areas in Perris Valley, California, have more than tripled during the last 20 years, resulting in increased storm-runoff volumes and peak discharges. To quantify the effects of increased urbanization, rainfall-runoff models of the basin were developed to simulate runoff for 1970-75 and 1990-93 conditions. Hourly rainfall data for 1949-93 were used with the rainfall-runoff models to simulate a long-term record of storm runoff. The hydrologic effects of increased urbanization from 1970-75 to 1990-93 conditions were analyzed by comparing the frequency of annual peak discharges and runoff volumes, and a duration analysis of storm peak discharges. The maximum annual-peak discharge for the 1990-93 model simulation was 32 percent higher than the discharge for 1970-75 model simulation. However, the frequency analysis of each time series indicated the 100-year peak discharges for each study period were identical.","largerWorkTitle":"International Water Resources Engineering Conference - Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Water Resources. Part 1 (of 2)","conferenceDate":"14 August 1995 through 18 August 1995","conferenceLocation":"San Antonio, TX, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"Guay, J.R., 1995, Hydrologic effects of increased urbanization, in International Water Resources Engineering Conference - Proceedings, v. 2, San Antonio, TX, USA, 14 August 1995 through 18 August 1995, p. 1193-1197.","startPage":"1193","endPage":"1197","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226485,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3618e4b0c8380cd60437","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Espey William H.Combs Phil G.","contributorId":128391,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Espey William H.Combs Phil G.","id":536442,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Guay, Joel R.","contributorId":22403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guay","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":94691,"text":"94691 - 1995 - Captive propagation, introduction, and translocation programs for wildlife vertebrates","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":94691,"text":"94691 - 1995 - Captive propagation, introduction, and translocation programs for wildlife vertebrates","indexId":"94691","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Captive propagation, introduction, and translocation programs for wildlife vertebrates"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-19T11:09:14","indexId":"94691","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Captive propagation, introduction, and translocation programs for wildlife vertebrates","docAbstract":"Captive propagation, introduction, and translocation (relocation) programs for many animals have been undertaken by federal, state, and private agencies for more than 20 years. These programs help aid the recovery of endangered and threatened species, reestablish lost species, augment declining populations, increase recreational opportunities, reduce nuisance species, and introduce non-native species. Davidson and Nettles (1992) discuss translocation as a component of successful early restorations of game species including wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and recovery of endangered species such as the peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus). Despite some successes, the total number of translocations that occur yearly is unknown, as is the success and effects of these programs, because there is rarely appreciable monitoring after release (Griffith et al. 1989; Gogan 1990). This report focuses on trends in the use of translocation programs and disease transmission following translocation of wildlife vertebrates other than fish.
In the absence of a national data base on wildlife translocations, a search for publications with information on translocations was performed by using Wildlife Review and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Reference Service CD-ROM data bases for the 20-year period, 1971-91. In addition, personnel from multiple federal, state, and private agencies that conduct propagation and translocation programs were contacted for supplemental information and literature. Increasing numbers of books (Neilsen and Brown 1988), journals (Ullrey 1993), and meetings (Junge 1992; Wolff and Seal 1992) discuss wildlife translocations and many contain information on the effects of translocations on animals and their environment.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Biological Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Dein, F.J., Converse, K.A., and Wolf, C., 1995, Captive propagation, introduction, and translocation programs for wildlife vertebrates, chap. of Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems, p. 405-407.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"405","endPage":"407","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128307,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":14762,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.webharvest.gov/peth04/20041019015728/https://biology.usgs.gov/s+t/index.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"7439.000000000000000","linkHelpText":"Archived website"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f6965","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"LaRoe, Edward T.","contributorId":112276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRoe","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505266,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farris, Gaye S.","contributorId":84410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farris","given":"Gaye","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":505269,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puckett, Catherine E. cpuckett@usgs.gov","contributorId":4629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett","given":"Catherine","email":"cpuckett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":505267,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doran, Peter D.","contributorId":17533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505268,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mac, Michael J.","contributorId":16772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505265,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Dein, F. Joshua fjdein@usgs.gov","contributorId":2772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dein","given":"F.","email":"fjdein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Joshua","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":298450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Converse, Kathryn A. kathy_converse@usgs.gov","contributorId":16802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"Kathryn","email":"kathy_converse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolf, Christy","contributorId":191139,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wolf","given":"Christy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018815,"text":"70018815 - 1995 - Discrete fracture modeling-ESF North Portal Area, Yucca Mountain Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:22","indexId":"70018815","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Discrete fracture modeling-ESF North Portal Area, Yucca Mountain Nevada","docAbstract":"Statistical parameters from three-dimensional fracture network and hydraulic parameters were developed to be used in site scale models. This approach utilizes geometric fracture models and assess their impact on flow characteristics and parameters. Laboratory and field-testing data will be integrated to calibrate the flow models and to determine sensitivities of the system.","largerWorkTitle":"High Level Radioactive Waste Management - Proceedings of the Annual International Conference","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 6th Annual International Conference on High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceDate":"30 April 1995 through 5 May 1995","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"Anna, L.O., 1995, Discrete fracture modeling-ESF North Portal Area, Yucca Mountain Nevada, in High Level Radioactive Waste Management - Proceedings of the Annual International Conference, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 30 April 1995 through 5 May 1995, p. 126-128.","startPage":"126","endPage":"128","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227140,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a01f5e4b0c8380cd4fdfb","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hughes Howard R.","contributorId":128387,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Hughes Howard R.","id":536441,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Anna, Lawrence O.","contributorId":107318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anna","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019064,"text":"70019064 - 1995 - Channel degradation in southeastern Nebraska Rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:15","indexId":"70019064","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Channel degradation in southeastern Nebraska Rivers","docAbstract":"Many stream channels in southeastern Nebraska were dredged and straightened during 1904-15. The resulting channels were both shorter and steeper than the original channels. Tests for time trends were conducted using the nonparametric Kendall tau test to see if the channels have responded to these changes. Tests were conducted on the stages associated with specific discharges and on measurement characteristics at gaging stations. Tests also were conducted on hydrologic forcing variables (annual mean precipitation, annual peak discharges, annual mean discharge, and annual mean base flows). The null hypothesis (that the data were free from trend) was rejected for stages associated with the mean of the annual discharges for 6 of 7 gaging stations in the study area, but was accepted for all 3 gages on the main stem of the Missouri River. The trends at the 6 streamflow gaging stations were for decreasing stages (degrading channels) for specific discharges. The rates of change ranged from about 0.2 to 0.5 m per decade. Mean stream bed elevations computed for individual discharge measurements at these streamflow gaging stations confirmed that the channels are degrading. However, neither the precipitation nor flow variables show evidence of trends. The tendency for the channels to degrade thus cannot be attributed to changes in runoff characteristics and are assumed to be a response to the channel modifications in the early 1900's. Indications are that the channels presently are continuing to degrade.","largerWorkTitle":"Watershed Management Symposium - Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1995 Watershed Management Symposium","conferenceDate":"14 August 1995 through 16 August 1995","conferenceLocation":"San Antonio, TX, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"Wahl, K.L., and Weiss, L.S., 1995, Channel degradation in southeastern Nebraska Rivers, in Watershed Management Symposium - Proceedings, San Antonio, TX, USA, 14 August 1995 through 16 August 1995, p. 250-259.","startPage":"250","endPage":"259","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226626,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f451e4b0c8380cd4bc74","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ward Rim J.","contributorId":128413,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Ward Rim J.","id":536445,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Wahl, Kenneth L.","contributorId":61024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wahl","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weiss, Linda S. lsweiss@usgs.gov","contributorId":2955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiss","given":"Linda","email":"lsweiss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":381567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70187033,"text":"70187033 - 1995 - Assessment of forest fragmentation in southern New England using remote sensing and geographic information systems technology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-20T11:08:00","indexId":"70187033","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of forest fragmentation in southern New England using remote sensing and geographic information systems technology","docAbstract":"Spatial patterns and rates of forest fragmentation were assessed using digital remote sensing data for a region in southern New England that included 157 townships in southern New Hampshire and northeastern Massachusetts. The study area has undergone marked population increases over the last several decades. Following classification of 1973 and 1988 Landsat Multispectral Scanner data into forest and nonforest classes, data were incorporated into a geographic information system. The natural logarithms of forest area to perimeter ratios, referred to as the forest continuity index, were used to assess patterns and trends of forest fragmentation across the region Forest continuity index values were extracted from each township for both data sets and compared with population data. Forest continuity index values were found to decrease with increasing population density until about 200 persons per square kilometer, after which the relationship stabilized. With slight population increases at low densities forest continuity index values declined sharply, implying abrupt increases in forest fragmentation. Results from the study indicated good negative correlations (r2 values of 0.81 and 0.77) between the Multispectral Scanner-derived forest continuity index and natural logs of township population density. Socioeconomic indicators such as affluence and commuting patterns did not appear to correlate well with forest fragmentation estimates. Decreases in forest continuity index values occurred throughout much of the study region between 1973 and 1988, suggesting that forest fragmentation is occurring over large regions within the eastern United States. It is technologically feasible to assess patterns and rates of forest fragmentation across much larger areas than analyzed in this study; such analyses would provide useful overviews enabling objective assessment of the magnitude of forest fragmentation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.9020439.x","usgsCitation":"Vogelmann, J., 1995, Assessment of forest fragmentation in southern New England using remote sensing and geographic information systems technology: Conservation Biology, v. 9, no. 2, p. 439-449, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.9020439.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"439","endPage":"449","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339961,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts, New Hampshire","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.4053955078125,\n 42.26511445833756\n ],\n [\n -70.5487060546875,\n 42.26511445833756\n ],\n [\n -70.5487060546875,\n 43.329173667843904\n ],\n [\n -72.4053955078125,\n 43.329173667843904\n ],\n [\n -72.4053955078125,\n 42.26511445833756\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-01-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f877c4e4b0b7ea54521c4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vogelmann, James E. 0000-0002-0804-5823 vogel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0804-5823","contributorId":649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogelmann","given":"James E.","email":"vogel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":692022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70187652,"text":"70187652 - 1995 - Effects of empirical versus model-based reflectance calibration on automated analysis of imaging spectrometer data: a case study from the Drum Mountains, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-12T10:30:59","indexId":"70187652","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of empirical versus model-based reflectance calibration on automated analysis of imaging spectrometer data: a case study from the Drum Mountains, Utah","docAbstract":"Data collected by the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) have been calibrated to surface reflectance using an empirical method and an atmospheric model-based method. Single spectra extracted from both calibrated data sets for locations with known mineralogy compared favorably with laboratory and field spectral measurements of samples from the same locations. Generally, spectral features were somewhat subdued in data calibrated using the model-based method when compared with those calibrated using the empirical method. Automated feature extraction and expert system analysis techniques have been successfully applied to both data sets to produce similar endmember probability images and spectral endmember libraries. Linear spectral unmixing procedures applied to both calibrated data sets produced similar image maps. These comparisons demonstrated the utility of the model-based approach for atmospherically correcting imaging spectrometer data prior to extraction of scientific information. The results indicated that imaging spectrometer data can be calibrated and analyzed without a priori knowledge of the remote target.
","language":"English","publisher":"ASPRS","usgsCitation":"Dwyer, J.L., Kruse, F.A., and Lefkoff, A.B., 1995, Effects of empirical versus model-based reflectance calibration on automated analysis of imaging spectrometer data: a case study from the Drum Mountains, Utah: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 61, no. 10, p. 1247-1254.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1247","endPage":"1254","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341193,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5916c9bfe4b044b359e486d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dwyer, John L. 0000-0002-8281-0896 dwyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8281-0896","contributorId":3481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"John","email":"dwyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kruse, Fred A.","contributorId":26811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kruse","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lefkoff, Adam B.","contributorId":191981,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lefkoff","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019242,"text":"70019242 - 1995 - Precipitation depth-duration characteristics, Antelope Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:16","indexId":"70019242","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Precipitation depth-duration characteristics, Antelope Valley, California","docAbstract":"To document the changes in runoff characteristics of basins subject to urbanization, streamflow and precipitation data were collected at eight small basins in Antelope Valley, California, for the period 1990-93. The data collected at U.S. Geological Survey stations were supplemented by data collected at 35 long-term precipitation stations. These data will be used to calibrate and verify rainfall-runoff models for the eight basins and for estimating basin runoff characteristics throughout Antelope Valley. Annual precipitation in Antelope Valley varies from more than 50 cm in the mountains to less than 10 cm on the valley floor. Most precipitation in the valley occurs during the winter months, December through March, but cyclonic storms in the fall and convectional storms in the summer sometimes occur.","largerWorkTitle":"International Water Resources Engineering Conference - Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Water Resources. Part 1 (of 2)","conferenceDate":"14 August 1995 through 18 August 1995","conferenceLocation":"San Antonio, TX, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"Blodgett, J.C., and Nasseri, I., 1995, Precipitation depth-duration characteristics, Antelope Valley, California, in International Water Resources Engineering Conference - Proceedings, v. 1, San Antonio, TX, USA, 14 August 1995 through 18 August 1995, p. 274-278.","startPage":"274","endPage":"278","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8116e4b0c8380cd7b367","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Espey William H.Combs Phil G.","contributorId":128391,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Espey William H.Combs Phil G.","id":536447,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Blodgett, James C.","contributorId":82348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blodgett","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nasseri, Iraj","contributorId":85333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nasseri","given":"Iraj","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70164316,"text":"70164316 - 1995 - Estimation of survival of adult Florida manatees in the Crystal River, at Blue Spring, and on the Atlantic Coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-01T10:30:14","indexId":"70164316","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":37,"text":"Information and Technology Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"1","title":"Estimation of survival of adult Florida manatees in the Crystal River, at Blue Spring, and on the Atlantic Coast","docAbstract":"We applied Cormack-Jolly-Seber open population models to manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) photo-identification databases to estimate adult survival probabilities. The computer programs JOLLY and RECAPCO were used to estimate survival of 677 individuals in three study areas: Crystal River (winters 1977-78 to 1990-91), Blue Spring (winters 1977-78 to 1990-91), and the Atlantic Coast (winters 1984-85 to 1990-91). We also estimated annual survival from observations of 111 manatees tagged for studies with radiotelemetry. Survival estimated from observations with telemetry had broader confidence intervals than survival estimated with the Cormack-Jolly-Seber models. Annual probabilities of capture based on photo-identification records were generally high. The mean annual adult survival estimated from sighting-resighting records was 0.959-0.962 in the Crystal River and 0.936-0.948 at Blue Spring and may be high enough to permit population growth, given the values of other life-history parameters. On the Atlantic Coast, the estimated annual adult survival (range of means = 0.877-0.885) may signify a declining population. However, for several reasons, interpretation of data from the latter study group should be tempered with caution. Adult survivorship seems to be constant with age in all three study groups. No strong differences were apparent between adult survival ofmales and females in the Crystal River or at Blue Spring; the basis of significant differences between sexes on the Atlantic Coast is unclear. Future research into estimating survival with photo-identification and the Cormack-Jolly-Seber models should be vigorously pursued. Estimates of annual survival can provide an additional indication of Florida manatee population status with a stronger statistical basis than aerial counts and carcass totals.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Population biology of the Florida manatee","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Biological Service","usgsCitation":"O'Shea, T., and Langtimm, C.A., 1995, Estimation of survival of adult Florida manatees in the Crystal River, at Blue Spring, and on the Atlantic Coast: Information and Technology Report 1, 9 p.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"194","endPage":"222","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316368,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b08fc9e4b010e2af2a5d53","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"O'Shea, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0758-9730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-9730","contributorId":78071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Shea","given":"Thomas J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":596988,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ackerman, B.B.","contributorId":31698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"B.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":596989,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Percival, H. Franklin percivalf@usgs.gov","contributorId":2424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Percival","given":"H.","email":"percivalf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Franklin","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":596990,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"O'Shea, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0758-9730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-9730","contributorId":78071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Shea","given":"Thomas J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":596986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langtimm, Catherine A. 0000-0001-8499-5743 clangtimm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8499-5743","contributorId":3045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langtimm","given":"Catherine","email":"clangtimm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":596987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70187534,"text":"70187534 - 1995 - Ecology and conservation of the Marbled Murrelet in North America: An overview","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-13T16:46:07.569739","indexId":"70187534","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"1","title":"Ecology and conservation of the Marbled Murrelet in North America: An overview","docAbstract":"Over the past decade, the Marbled Murrelet has become a focus of much controversy. It was listed as threatened in Washington, Oregon, and California by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in February 1993. In order to aid the various agencies with management, the Marbled Murrelet Conservation Assessment was formed to bring together scientists, managers, and others to gather all the available data on this small seabird. This volume of research is the culmination of that effort. In this chapter, we integrate the results of the investigations and summaries on the past history, present status, and possible future of the species, based on the data presented in this volume and other published research. We also propose what we consider the most important research needs. Then, based on the findings of this volume, we suggest actions for management to help ensure the survival of the species.
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Jr.","contributorId":56953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"George","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Raphael, Martin G.","contributorId":31322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raphael","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70187053,"text":"70187053 - 1995 - Mission in the works promises precise global topographic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-20T11:22:22","indexId":"70187053","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mission in the works promises precise global topographic data","docAbstract":"Significant deficiencies in the quality of today's topographic data severely limit scientific applications. Very few available data sets meet the stringent requirements of 10–30 m for global digital topography and 5 m or better vertical accuracy, and existing satellite systems are unlikely to fulfill these requirements. The Joint Topographic Science Working Group, appointed by NASA and the Italian Space Agency, concluded that radar interferometry coupled with a laser altimeter would be the most promising approach for improving data quality. By providing its own illumination at a wavelength Ion g enough to (e.g., λ = 25 cm) to penetrate clouds and rain, the interferometer would provide a global, uniform high-quality topographic data set. One mission under study, TOPSAT, is well positioned to fill this niche and promises to pave the way toward a more standardized and precise topographic database. TOPSAT would be an international mission, designed to make use of recent technology advances in such programs as NASA's New Millennium. It could be ready to launch by the end of this decade.
","language":"English","publisher":"EOS","doi":"10.1029/95EO00129","usgsCitation":"Farr, T., Evans, D., Zebker, H., Harding, D., Bufton, J., Dixon, T., Vetrella, S., and Gesch, D., 1995, Mission in the works promises precise global topographic data: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 76, no. 22, p. 225-229, https://doi.org/10.1029/95EO00129.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"229","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340033,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Fernandina Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.68502807617188,\n -0.5259630718092625\n ],\n [\n -91.3623046875,\n -0.5259630718092625\n ],\n [\n -91.3623046875,\n -0.25680456008937463\n ],\n [\n -91.68502807617188,\n -0.25680456008937463\n ],\n [\n -91.68502807617188,\n -0.5259630718092625\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"76","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f9c8d6e4b0b7ea54524107","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farr, T.","contributorId":191181,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farr","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, D.","contributorId":38415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zebker, H.","contributorId":25276,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zebker","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harding, D.","contributorId":191182,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harding","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bufton, J.","contributorId":191183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bufton","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dixon, T.","contributorId":14572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Vetrella, S.","contributorId":48374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vetrella","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gesch, D.B. 0000-0002-8992-4933","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8992-4933","contributorId":26886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gesch","given":"D.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70018785,"text":"70018785 - 1995 - Advanced instrumentation for the collection, retrieval, and processing of urban stormwater data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:26","indexId":"70018785","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Advanced instrumentation for the collection, retrieval, and processing of urban stormwater data","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Charlotte and Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, has developed a data-collection network that uses advanced instrumentation to automatically collect, retrieve, and process urban stormwater data. Precipitation measurement and water-quality networks provide data for (1) planned watershed simulation models, (2) early warning of possible flooding, (3) computation of material export, and (4) characterization of water quality in relation to basin conditions. Advantages of advanced instrumentation include remote access to real-time data, reduced demands on and more efficient use of limited human resources, and direct importation of data into a geographical information system for display and graphic analysis.","largerWorkTitle":"International Water Resources Engineering Conference - Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Water Resources. Part 1 (of 2)","conferenceDate":"14 August 1995 through 18 August 1995","conferenceLocation":"San Antonio, TX, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"Robinson, J.B., Bales, J.D., and Young, W.S., 1995, Advanced instrumentation for the collection, retrieval, and processing of urban stormwater data, in International Water Resources Engineering Conference - Proceedings, v. 2, San Antonio, TX, USA, 14 August 1995 through 18 August 1995, p. 1081-1085.","startPage":"1081","endPage":"1085","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227493,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e701e4b0c8380cd477b8","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Espey William H.Combs Phil G.","contributorId":128391,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Espey William H.Combs Phil G.","id":536437,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Jerald B. jbrobins@usgs.gov","contributorId":4667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Jerald","email":"jbrobins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":380756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bales, Jerad D. 0000-0001-8398-6984 jdbales@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8398-6984","contributorId":683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"Jerad","email":"jdbales@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":380755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Young, Wendi S.","contributorId":18354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Wendi","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187049,"text":"70187049 - 1995 - Map projections for global and continental data sets and an analysis of pixel distortion caused by reprojection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-22T16:27:33","indexId":"70187049","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Map projections for global and continental data sets and an analysis of pixel distortion caused by reprojection","docAbstract":"This study was initiated to determine the general effects of potential flow reductions in the middle Snake River (Swan Falls Dam downstream to the Idaho-Oregon border) on its riparian vegetation. Considerable water from the river is currently used to irrigate the adjacent Snake River Plain, and increased demand for water in the future is likely. The problem was subdivided into several research components including: field investigation of the existing riparian vegetation and river environment, hydrological modeling to calculate the effects of one flow scenario on hydrological regime, and integration of vegetation and hydrological modeling results with a Geographic Information System (GIs) to map the riverbed, island, and bank conditions under the scenario flow. Field work was conducted in summer 1990. Riparian vegetation along 40 U.S. Geological Survey cross-sections was sampled at approximately 1.25 mile intervals within the 50 mile long study area. Cross-section and flow data were provided by the U.S. Geological. Survey. GIs mapping of land/water cover using ARC/INFO was based on 1987 aerial photographs. Riverbed contour maps were produced by linking cross-section data, topographic contouring software (anudem), and GIs. The maps were used to spatially display shallow areas in the channel likely to become vegetated under reduced flow conditions. The scenario would reduce flow by approximately 20% (160 MAF) and lower the river an average of 0.5 ft. The scenario flow could cause a drop in the elevation of the riparian zone comparable to the drop in mean river level and expansion of the lower riparian zone into shallow areas of the channel. The GIs maps showed that the shallow areas of the channel more likely to become vegetated under the scenario flow are located in wide reaches near islands. Some possible ecological consequences of the scenario flow include a greater area of riparian habitat, reduced flow velocity and sedimentation in shallow channels leading to channel deactivation, increased island visitation and nest predation by predatory mammals due to loss of a water barrier between some islands and banks, and larger populations of alien plant species in the new riparian vegetation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0169-555X(95)00048-A","usgsCitation":"Johnson, W.C., Dixon, M.D., Simons, R.W., Jenson, S., and Larson, K., 1995, Mapping the response of riparian vegetation to possible flow reductions in the Snake River, Idaho: Geomorphology, v. 13, no. 4, p. 159-173, https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-555X(95)00048-A.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"173","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340031,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Snake River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.2900390625,\n 43.135065496929165\n ],\n [\n -116.31500244140626,\n 43.135065496929165\n ],\n [\n -116.31500244140626,\n 43.78299262890581\n ],\n [\n -117.2900390625,\n 43.78299262890581\n ],\n [\n -117.2900390625,\n 43.135065496929165\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f9c8d8e4b0b7ea5452410b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, W. Carter","contributorId":189219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Carter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dixon, Mark D.","contributorId":48055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simons, Robert W.","contributorId":33632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simons","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jenson, Susan","contributorId":191180,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jenson","given":"Susan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Larson, Kevin","contributorId":191179,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larson","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70187052,"text":"70187052 - 1995 - Mapping tide-water glacier dynamics in east Greenland using landsat data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-20T11:21:52","indexId":"70187052","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2328,"text":"Journal of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping tide-water glacier dynamics in east Greenland using landsat data","docAbstract":"Landsat multispectral scanner and thematic mapper images were co-registered For the Kangerdlugssuaq Fjord region in East Greenland and were used to map glacier drainage-basin areas, changes in the positions of tide-water glacier termini and to estimate surface velocities of the larger tide-water glaciers. Statistics were compiled to document distance and area changes to glacier termini. The methodologies developed in this study are broadly applicable to the investigation of tide-water glaciers in other areas. The number of images available for consecutive years and the accuracy with which images are co-registered are key factors that influence the degree to which regional glacier dynamics can be characterized using remotely sensed data.
Three domains of glacier state were interpreted: net increase in terminus area in the southern part of the study area, net loss of terminus area for glaciers in upper Kangerdlugssuaq Fjord and a slight loss of glacier terminus area northward from Ryberg Fjord. Local increases in the concentrations of drifting icebergs in the fjords coincide with the observed extension of glacier termini positions Ice-surface velocity estimates were derived for several glaciers using automated image cross-correlation techniques The velocity determined for Kangerdlugssuaq Gletscher is approximately 5.0 km a−1 and that for Kong Christian IV Gletscher is 0.9 km a−1. The continuous presence of icebergs and brash ice in front of these glaciers indicates sustained rates of ice-front calving.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Glaciological Society","doi":"10.1017/S0022143000034900","usgsCitation":"Dwyer, J.L., 1995, Mapping tide-water glacier dynamics in east Greenland using landsat data: Journal of Glaciology, v. 41, no. 139, p. 584-595, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022143000034900.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"584","endPage":"595","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000034900","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340032,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Greenland","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -34.16748046875,\n 67.34832460428412\n ],\n [\n -29.300537109374996,\n 67.34832460428412\n ],\n [\n -29.300537109374996,\n 68.83576865659356\n ],\n [\n -34.16748046875,\n 68.83576865659356\n ],\n [\n -34.16748046875,\n 67.34832460428412\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"139","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f9c8d7e4b0b7ea54524109","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dwyer, John L. 0000-0002-8281-0896 dwyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8281-0896","contributorId":3481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"John","email":"dwyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":87351,"text":"87351 - 1995 - Common ravens in the southwestern United States, 1968-92","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":87351,"text":"87351 - 1995 - Common ravens in the southwestern United States, 1968-92","indexId":"87351","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Common ravens in the southwestern United States, 1968-92"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-18T14:55:37","indexId":"87351","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Common ravens in the southwestern United States, 1968-92","docAbstract":"The common raven (Corvus corax) is a large black passerine bird found throughout the northern hemisphere including western and northern North America. Ravens are scavengers that frequently feed on road-killed animals, large dead mammals, and human refuse. They kill and eat prey including rodents, lambs (Larsen and Dietrich 1970), birds, frogs, scorpions, beetles, lizards, and snakes. They also feed on nuts, grains, fruits, and other plant matter (Knight and Call 1980; Heinrich 1989). Their recent population increase is of concern because ravens eat agricultural crops and animals whose populations may be depleted.
Ravens are closely associated with human activities, frequently visiting solid-waste landfills and garbage containers at parks and food establishments, being pests of agricultural crops, and nesting on many human-made structures. In two recent surveys in the deserts of California (FaunaWest Wildlife Consultants 1989; Knight and Kawashima 1993), ravens were more numerous in areas with more human influences, and were often indicators of the degree to which humans affect an area.
Annual Breeding Bird Surveys (BBS) conducted nationwide by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) indicated that raven populations in several parts of the country significantly increased during 1965-79 (Robbins et al. 1986). This increase concerns resource managers because ravens feed on agricultural crops and animal species of interest to humans. For instance, in the deserts of the southwestern United States, ravens prey on young desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii; Berry 1985; Fig. 1), which in the Mojave and Colorado deserts are listed as a threatened species by the USFWS (Federal Register 1990). Because of high levels of raven predation on tortoises, the Bureau of Land Management has taken action to reduce this predation (BLM 1990, 1994). We report here on a 24-year trend in raven abundance along roadsides in the deserts of the southwestern United States and surrounding regions, where increasing raven populations interest resource management agencies (BLM 1990; USFWS 1994).
Our analysis of BBS 1968-92 data focuses on arid lands and neighboring habitats in California, Nevada, Utah, and Arizona. We used data from 137 39.2-km (24.5-mi) routes within the following BBS strata: Great Basin Desert; mountain highlands of Arizona; Sonoran-Colorado Desert; Mojave Desert; basins and ranges, including portions of the northern Mojave and Great Basin deserts; Central Valley; and southern California grasslands, California foothills (southern California routes only), and Los Angeles ranges combined into one (coastal southern California).
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Biological Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Boarman, W.I., and Berry, K.H., 1995, Common ravens in the southwestern United States, 1968-92, chap. of Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems, p. 73-75.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"75","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":128109,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265975,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.webharvest.gov/peth04/20041019015728/https://biology.usgs.gov/s+t/index.htm","linkHelpText":"Archived website"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae5d1","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"LaRoe, Edward T.","contributorId":112276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRoe","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505055,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farris, Gaye S.","contributorId":84410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farris","given":"Gaye","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":505056,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puckett, Catherine E. cpuckett@usgs.gov","contributorId":4629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett","given":"Catherine","email":"cpuckett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":505057,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doran, Peter D.","contributorId":17533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691706,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mac, Michael J.","contributorId":16772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691707,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Boarman, William I.","contributorId":51683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boarman","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berry, Kristin H. 0000-0003-1591-8394 kristin_berry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1591-8394","contributorId":437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"Kristin","email":"kristin_berry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018731,"text":"70018731 - 1995 - Measurements in the bottom boundary layer on the Amazon subaqueous delta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-08T17:36:57.965842","indexId":"70018731","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measurements in the bottom boundary layer on the Amazon subaqueous delta","docAbstract":"An instrumented bottom tripod (GEOPROBE) recorded flow and suspended sediment data in the bottom boundary layer above the lower foresets of the Amazon subaqueous delta in 65 m mean water depth in February, 1990. After about two weeks of operation the apparent seafloor at the tripod site rapidly elevated over a 14-hour period by about 44 cm. This sudden change, which was detected by an acoustic altimeter and which caused the loss of signals from the lowermost GEOPROBE current and optical sensors, is though to have been caused by the incursion of a dense bottom layer of fluid mud that migrated downslope from shallower sections of the foresets. The fluid-mud migration across the outer part of the foresets, if a repetitive and occasional process in this region, could be a major mechanism for episodic seaward growth of the delta. Current velocity profiles are used to estimate shear velocities, u*, and roughness lengths, zo, during the first two weeks of measurements. -from Authors","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(95)00014-P","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Cacchione, D., Drake, D., Kayen, R., Sternberg, R., Kineke, G., and Tate, G.B., 1995, Measurements in the bottom boundary layer on the Amazon subaqueous delta: Marine Geology, v. 125, no. 3-4, p. 235-257, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(95)00014-P.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"257","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227401,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"125","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5324e4b0c8380cd6c8d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cacchione, D.A.","contributorId":65448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cacchione","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":380576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drake, D.E.","contributorId":48150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kayen, R.W.","contributorId":57615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sternberg, R.W.","contributorId":90872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sternberg","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kineke, G.C.","contributorId":12214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kineke","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tate, G. B.","contributorId":46119,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tate","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70018900,"text":"70018900 - 1995 - Investigation of aquifer-system compaction in the Hueco basin, El Paso, Texas, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:14","indexId":"70018900","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Investigation of aquifer-system compaction in the Hueco basin, El Paso, Texas, USA","docAbstract":"The Pleistocene geologic history of the Rio Grande valley in the Hueco basin included a cycle of sediment erosion and re-aggradation, resulting in unconformable stratification of sediment of contrasting compressibility and stress history. Since the 1950s large groundwater withdrawals have resulted in significant water-level declines and associated land subsidence. Knowledge of the magnitude and variation of specific storage is needed for developing predictive models of subsidence and groundwater flow simulations. Analyses of piezometric and extensometric data in the form of stress-strain diagrams from a 16 month period yield in situ measurements of aquifer-system compressibility across two discrete aquifer intervals. The linear elastic behaviour of the deeper interval indicates over-consolidation of basin deposits, probably resulting from deeper burial depth before the middle Pleistocene. By contrast, the shallow aquifer system displays an inelastic component, suggesting pre-consolidation stress not significantly greater than current effective stress levels for a sequence of late Pleistocene clay. Harmonic analyses of the piezometric response to earth tides in two water-level piezometers provide an independent estimate of specific storage of aquifer sands.","largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1995 5th International Symposium on Land Subsidence","conferenceDate":"16 October 1995 through 20 October 1995","conferenceLocation":"Hague, Neth","language":"English","publisher":"IAHS","publisherLocation":"Wallingford, United Kingdom","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Heywood, C., 1995, Investigation of aquifer-system compaction in the Hueco basin, El Paso, Texas, USA, in IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 234, Hague, Neth, 16 October 1995 through 20 October 1995.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"234","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e81e4b0c8380cd63e2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heywood, Charles","contributorId":18916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heywood","given":"Charles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019623,"text":"70019623 - 1995 - Depth to pre-Cenozoic basement in Southwest Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:19","indexId":"70019623","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Depth to pre-Cenozoic basement in Southwest Nevada","docAbstract":"An iterative procedure based on gravity data, surface geology, and an estimated density-depth function was used to estimate the depth to pre-Cenozoic basement at Yucca Mountain and vicinity.","largerWorkTitle":"High Level Radioactive Waste Management - Proceedings of the Annual International Conference","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 6th Annual International Conference on High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceDate":"30 April 1995 through 5 May 1995","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"Langenheim, V., and Ponce, D., 1995, Depth to pre-Cenozoic basement in Southwest Nevada, in High Level Radioactive Waste Management - Proceedings of the Annual International Conference, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 30 April 1995 through 5 May 1995, p. 129-131.","startPage":"129","endPage":"131","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228084,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fed6e4b0c8380cd4ef57","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hughes Howard R.","contributorId":128387,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Hughes Howard R.","id":536455,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Langenheim, V.E. 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":54956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":383355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ponce, D. 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New seismic data for the marginal ridge of the Cascadia prism show significantly lower velocity than that in the adjacent oceanic basin and place important constraints on the interpretations of why fluid venting occurs mostly on the marginal ridge. We employed a finite-element method to analyze a typical fault-bend folding model to explain the phenomenon. The fault in the model is simulated by contact elements. The elements are characterized not only by finite sliding along a slide line, but also by elastoplastic deformation. We present the results of a stress analysis which show that the marginal ridge is under subhorizontal extension and the frontal thrust is under compression. This state of stress favors the growth of tensile cracks in the marginal ridge, facilitates fluid flow and reduces seismic velocities therein; on the other hand, it may close fluid pathways along the frontal thrust and divert fluid flow to the marginal ridge. ?? 1995 Birkha??user Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Birkha??user-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00879593","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Cai, Y., Wang, C., Hwang, W., and Cochrane, G., 1995, The effect of fault-bend folding on seismic velocity in the marginal ridge of accretionary prisms: Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH, v. 145, no. 3-4, p. 637-646, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00879593.","startPage":"637","endPage":"646","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205813,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00879593"},{"id":226937,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"145","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab26e4b08c986b322c67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cai, Y.","contributorId":9784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cai","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wang, Chun-Yong","contributorId":98893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Chun-Yong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hwang, W.-t.","contributorId":19310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hwang","given":"W.-t.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cochrane, G.R.","contributorId":104002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochrane","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}