{"pageNumber":"1333","pageRowStart":"33300","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40904,"records":[{"id":70180937,"text":"70180937 - 1995 - Using effort information with change-in-ratio data for population estimation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-06T12:12:51.332352","indexId":"70180937","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1039,"text":"Biometrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using effort information with change-in-ratio data for population estimation","docAbstract":"<p>Most change-in-ratio (CIR) methods for estimating fish and wildlife population sizes have been based only on assumptions about how encounter probabilities vary among population subclasses. When information on sampling effort is available, it is also possible to derive CIR estimators based on assumptions about how encounter probabilities vary over time. This paper presents a generalization of previous CIR models that allows explicit consideration of a range of assumptions about the variation of encounter probabilities among subclasses and over time. Explicit estimators are derived under this model for specific sets of assumptions about the encounter probabilities. Numerical methods are presented for obtaining estimators under the full range of possible assumptions. Likelihood ratio tests for these assumptions are described. Emphasis is on obtaining estimators based on assumptions about variation of encounter probabilities over time.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Biometric Society","doi":"10.2307/2532935","usgsCitation":"Udevitz, M.S., and Pollock, K.H., 1995, Using effort information with change-in-ratio data for population estimation: Biometrics, v. 51, no. 2, p. 471-481, https://doi.org/10.2307/2532935.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"471","endPage":"481","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335068,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"589c3c4fe4b0efcedb74110f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Udevitz, Mark S. 0000-0003-4659-138X mudevitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-138X","contributorId":3189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udevitz","given":"Mark","email":"mudevitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pollock, Kenneth H.","contributorId":8590,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1000662,"text":"1000662 - 1995 - Abundance indices for determining the status of lake trout restoration in Michigan waters of Lake Superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-29T10:38:53","indexId":"1000662","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Abundance indices for determining the status of lake trout restoration in Michigan waters of Lake Superior","docAbstract":"Self-sustaining populations of lake trout <i>Salvelinus namaycush</i> have returned to most areas in Lake Superior, but progress toward achieving historic commercial yields has been difficult to measure because of unrecorded losses to predation by sea lamprey <i>Petromyzon marinus</i> and to fisheries.  Consequently, we developed restoration targets (catch per effort, CPE; geometric mean number per kilometer of 114-mm stretch-meaure gill net during 1929-1943, when historic yields were sustained) from linear relationships between CPE in commercial and assessment fisheries in Michigan.  Target CPEs for lake trout restoration were higher and less variable than the modern CPEs in all areas.  Modern CPEs generally increased during the 1970s and early 1980s but declined during the late 1980s and early 1990s.  Modern CPEs were highest in western Michigan from the Keweenaw Peninsula to Marquette (71 to 81% of target CPEs), but coefficients of variation (CV,SD/mean) of mean CPEs were 1.4 to 2.4 times greater than target CVs.  Around Munising, the modern CPE was lower (41% of the target CPE), whereas the CV was 1.9 times greater than the target CV.  Around Grand Marais, the modern CPE was lowest among all areas (17% of the target CPE), but the CV was nearly the same (1.1 times the target CV).  In Whitefish Bay, the modern CPE was only 28% of the target CPE and the CV was 9.0 times greater, though the modern period was based on only the years 1979-1982 and 1984-1985. Further progress in restoration in most areas can be achieved only if fishery managers adequately protect existing stocks of wild fish from sea lamprey predation and fishery exploitation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1995)015<0830:AIFDTS>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hansen, M.J., Schorfhaar, R.G., Peck, J.W., Selgeby, J.H., and Taylor, W., 1995, Abundance indices for determining the status of lake trout restoration in Michigan waters of Lake Superior: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 15, no. 4, p. 830-837, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1995)015<0830:AIFDTS>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"p. 830-837","startPage":"830","endPage":"837","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266674,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1995)015<0830:AIFDTS>2.3.CO;2"},{"id":133373,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a378a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, Michael J. 0000-0001-8522-3876 michaelhansen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8522-3876","contributorId":5006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Michael","email":"michaelhansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schorfhaar, Richard G.","contributorId":76258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schorfhaar","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peck, James W.","contributorId":78277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peck","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Selgeby, James H.","contributorId":89828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selgeby","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Taylor, William W.","contributorId":49735,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"William W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":96648,"text":"96648 - 1995 - Bullfrogs: Introduced predators in southwestern wetlands","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":96648,"text":"96648 - 1995 - Bullfrogs: Introduced predators in southwestern wetlands","indexId":"96648","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Bullfrogs: Introduced predators in southwestern wetlands"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-19T11:41:00","indexId":"96648","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Bullfrogs: Introduced predators in southwestern wetlands","docAbstract":"<p>In the American Southwest, much of the native fish fauna is facing extinction (Minckley and Deacon 1991); frogs in California (Fellers and Drost 1993) and frogs and garter snakes in Arizona (Schwalbe and Rosen 1988) are also in critical decline. Habitat destruction and introduced predators appear to be primary causes of native frog declines (Jennings and Hayes 1994), and habitat modification often yields ponds and lakes especially suitable for introduced species. Introduced bullfrogs (<i>Rana catesbeiana</i>) have been blamed for amphibian declines in much of western North America (e.g., Hayes and Jennings 1986; Leonard et al. 1993; Vial and Saylor 1993). Extensive cannibalism by bullfrogs renders them especially potent predators at the population level. The tadpoles require only perennial water and grazeable plant material; hence, transforming young can sustain a dense adult bullfrog population even if alternate prey are depleted. This may increase the probability that native species may be extirpated by bullfrog predation.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p>Introduced predatory fishes are apparently an important cause of frog declines (Hayes and Jennings 1986). They have been strongly implicated in one important case of decline of native ranid frog (family Ranidae, the \"true\" frogs; Bradford 1989). Some introduced crayfish may also be devastating in some areas (Jennings and Hayes 1994). In our study region, however, neither introduced fishes nor crayfish are dominant. We present results that sustain a \"bullfrog hypothesis\" for some native ranid declines, and we present our study as an example of how evidence accumulates to support such a hypothesis.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p>In 1985 we began documenting historical localities for wetland herpetofaunas (reptiles and amphibians), based on museum records and personal interviews, then revisited these and additional areas to determine current species' status. Results of this process, plus circumstantial evidence, suggested that the bullfrog was a primary cause for declines of leopard frogs and garter snakes in southern Arizona (Schwalbe and Rosen 1988).&nbsp;</p><p>In 1986-89 and 1992-93 we conducted removal censuses of bullfrogs at San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge (SBNWR), Cochise County, Arizona. We simultaneously monitored native Chiricahua leopard frogs (<i>R. chiricahuensis</i>) and Mexican garter snakes (<i>Thamnophis eques</i>) at the sites of bullfrog removal. A control site, with no bullfrog removal, was established in comparable habitat at Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge (BANWR), Pima County, Arizona.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Biological Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Rosen, P.C., and Schwalbe, C.R., 1995, Bullfrogs: Introduced predators in southwestern wetlands, chap. <i>of</i> Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems, p. 452-454.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"452","endPage":"454","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127690,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339952,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.webharvest.gov/peth04/20041019015728/https://biology.usgs.gov/s+t/index.htm","linkHelpText":"Archived website"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fa7e6","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"LaRoe, Edward T.","contributorId":112276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRoe","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505723,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farris, Gaye S.","contributorId":84410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farris","given":"Gaye","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536239,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puckett, Catherine E. cpuckett@usgs.gov","contributorId":4629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett","given":"Catherine","email":"cpuckett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":691992,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doran, Peter D.","contributorId":17533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691993,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mac, Michael J.","contributorId":16772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691994,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Rosen, Philip C.","contributorId":70311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosen","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwalbe, Cecil R. cschwalbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":3077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwalbe","given":"Cecil","email":"cschwalbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":300001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70177041,"text":"70177041 - 1995 - Acute toxicity of ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>-N) in sewage effluent to <i>Chironomus riparius</i>: II. Using a generalized linear model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-17T10:44:09","indexId":"70177041","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acute toxicity of ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>-N) in sewage effluent to <i>Chironomus riparius</i>: II. Using a generalized linear model","docAbstract":"<p><span>Toxicity of un-ionized ammonia (NH</span><sub>3</sub><span>-N) to the midge, </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Chironomus riparius</i><span> was compared, using laboratory culture (well) water and sewage effluent (≈0.4 mg/L NH</span><sub>3</sub><span>-N) in two 96-h, static-renewal toxicity experiments. A generalized linear model was used for data analysis. For the first and second experiments, respectively, LC</span><sub>50</sub><span> values were 9.4 mg/L (Test 1A) and 6.6 mg/L (Test 2A) for ammonia in well water, and 7.8 mg/L (Test 1B) and 4.1 mg/L (Test 2B) for ammonia in sewage effluent. Slopes of dose-response curves for Tests 1A and 2A were equal, but mortality occurred at lower NH</span><sub>3</sub><span>-N concentrations in Test 2A (unequal intercepts). Response of</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">C. riparius</i><span> to NH</span><sub>3</sub><span> in effluent was not consistent; dose-response curves for tests 1B and 2B differed in slope and intercept. Nevertheless, </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">C. riparius</i><span> was more sensitive to ammonia in effluent than in well water in both experiments, indicating a synergistic effect of ammonia in sewage effluent. These results demonstrate the advantages of analyzing the organisms entire range of response, as opposed to generating LC</span><sub>50</sub><span> values, which represent only one point on the dose-response curve.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00213117","usgsCitation":"Monda, D., Galat, D., Finger, S., and Kaiser, M., 1995, Acute toxicity of ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>-N) in sewage effluent to <i>Chironomus riparius</i>: II. Using a generalized linear model: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 28, no. 3, p. 385-390, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00213117.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"385","endPage":"390","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329629,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5805e34fe4b0824b2d1c24cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Monda, D.P.","contributorId":68909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monda","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galat, D.L.","contributorId":54546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galat","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finger, S.E.","contributorId":29769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finger","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kaiser, M.S.","contributorId":37836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaiser","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1013313,"text":"1013313 - 1995 - Locating waterfowl observations on aerial surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:05","indexId":"1013313","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Locating waterfowl observations on aerial surveys","docAbstract":"We modified standard aerial survey data collection to obtain the geographic location for each waterfowl observation on surveys in Alaska during 1987-1993. Using transect navigation with CPS (global positioning system), data recording on continuously running tapes, and a computer data input program, we located observations with an average deviation along transects of 214 m. The method provided flexibility in survey design and data analysis. Although developed for geese nesting near the coast of the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, the methods are widely applicable and were used on other waterfowl surveys in Alaska to map distribution and relative abundance of waterfowl. Accurate location data with GIS analysis and display may improve precision and usefulness of data from any aerial transect survey.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Butler, W., Hodges, J., and Stehn, R., 1995, Locating waterfowl observations on aerial surveys: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 23, no. 2, p. 148-154.","productDescription":"pp. 148-154","startPage":"148","endPage":"154","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134191,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a68e4b07f02db63b6ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butler, W.I.","contributorId":96647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"W.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hodges, J.I.","contributorId":51264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodges","given":"J.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stehn, R.A.","contributorId":107642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stehn","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018804,"text":"70018804 - 1995 - Optimal pumping strategies for managing shallow, poorquality groundwater, western San Joaquin Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:11","indexId":"70018804","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2767,"text":"Models for assessing and monitoring groundwater quality. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Optimal pumping strategies for managing shallow, poorquality groundwater, western San Joaquin Valley, California","docAbstract":"Continued agricultural productivity in the western San Joaquin Valley, California, is threatened by the presence of shallow, poor-quality groundwater that can cause soil salinization. We evaluate the management alternative of using groundwater pumping to control the altitude of the water table and provide irrigation water requirements. A transient, three-dimensional, groundwater flow model was linked with nonlinear optimization to simulate management alternatives for the groundwater flow system. Optimal pumping strategies have been determined that substantially reduce the area subject to a shallow water table and bare-soil evaporation (that is, areas with a water table within 2.1 m of land surface) and the rate of drainflow to on-farm drainage systems. Optimal pumping strategies are constrained by the existing distribution of wells between the semiconfined and confined zones of the aquifer, by the distribution of sediment types (and associated hydraulic conductivities) in the western valley, and by the historical distribution of pumping throughout the western valley.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Models for assessing and monitoring groundwater quality. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Barlow, P., Wagner, B., and Belitz, K., 1995, Optimal pumping strategies for managing shallow, poorquality groundwater, western San Joaquin Valley, California: Models for assessing and monitoring groundwater quality. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995, v. 227, p. 141-148.","startPage":"141","endPage":"148","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227009,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"227","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6ee7e4b0c8380cd7586a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barlow, P.","contributorId":59191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wagner, B.","contributorId":54354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, K. 0000-0003-4481-2345","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":10164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018908,"text":"70018908 - 1995 - Relations between winter precipitation and atmospheric circulation simulated by the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory general circulation model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-14T14:20:38.381324","indexId":"70018908","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2032,"text":"International Journal of Climatology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relations between winter precipitation and atmospheric circulation simulated by the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory general circulation model","docAbstract":"General circulation model (GCM) simulations of atmospheric circulation are more reliable than GCM simulations of temperature and precipitation. In this study, temporal correlations between 700 hPa height anomalies simulated winter precipitation at eight locations in the conterminous United States are compared with corresponding correlations in observations. The objectives are to 1) characterize the relations between atmospheric circulation and winter precipitation simulated by the GFDL, GCM for selected locations in the conterminous USA, ii) determine whether these relations are similar to those found in observations of the actual climate system, and iii) determine if GFDL-simulated precipitation is forced by the same circulation patterns as in the real atmosphere. -from Authors","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1002/joc.3370150604","issn":"08998418","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G.J., and Dettinger, M.D., 1995, Relations between winter precipitation and atmospheric circulation simulated by the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory general circulation model: International Journal of Climatology, v. 15, no. 6, p. 625-638, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.3370150604.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"625","endPage":"638","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226895,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-01-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a709e4b0e8fec6cdc353","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, G. J. Jr.","contributorId":77551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"G.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":381073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1000823,"text":"1000823 - 1995 - Oligochaete fauna of western Lake Erie 1961 and 1982: Signs of sediment quality recovery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-14T11:03:26","indexId":"1000823","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oligochaete fauna of western Lake Erie 1961 and 1982: Signs of sediment quality recovery","docAbstract":"<p><span>The oligochaete fauna at 40 stations in western Lake Erie were collected in 1982 and compared to oligochaete fauna collected similarly in 1961. A total of 34 taxa, representing 18 Tubificidae and 16 Naididae, were identified. Changes in the proportions of low, moderate, and heavy polluted sediments, as determined by ranges of total numbers of oligochaetes, indicate that, in general, heavy pollution substantially decreased near shore and moderate pollution increased and low pollution decreased in open waters over the 21-year comparison. The most common taxon, the eutrophic species,<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span></span><i>Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri</i><span>, decreased in abundance in open water, indicating decreased eutrophication, whereas the distribution and abundance of other indicator taxa, including the eutrophic species<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span></span><i>L. maumeensis</i><span>,<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span></span><i>L. cervix</i><span>,<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span></span><i>Quistadrilus multisetosus multisetosus</i><span>, and mesotrophic species<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span></span><i>Ilyodrilus templetoni</i><span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>and three species of</span><i>Aulodrilus</i><span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>indicate increased eutrophication in open water. In general, oligochaete trophic indices (based on tubificid species and abundances) in traditional area designations used in 1961, the nearshore designation (&lt;3.5 km from shore), and areas defined by cluster analysis confirm results of less eutrophic substrates near shore. However, traditional analysis indicates that low pollution was replaced by moderate pollution in open waters and cluster analysis indicates that the zone of least detectable pollution increased in open waters over the 21-year comparison. It may be that the open waters of western Lake Erie were in a stage of transition between pollution designations when sampled in 1982. The present study is valuable because it provides a baseline to assess environmental changes observed in western Lake Erie after many years of pollution abatement programs and before the exponential increase in densities of the trophic shifting zebra mussel<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span></span><i>Dreissena polymorpha.</i></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(95)71040-1","usgsCitation":"Schloesser, D.W., Reynoldson, T.B., and Manny, B.A., 1995, Oligochaete fauna of western Lake Erie 1961 and 1982: Signs of sediment quality recovery: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 21, no. 3, p. 294-306, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(95)71040-1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"294","endPage":"306","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133561,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af1e4b07f02db69178f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schloesser, Don W.","contributorId":21485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schloesser","given":"Don","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynoldson, Trefor B.","contributorId":42177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynoldson","given":"Trefor","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Manny, Bruce A. 0000-0002-4074-9329 bmanny@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4074-9329","contributorId":3699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manny","given":"Bruce","email":"bmanny@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018900,"text":"70018900 - 1995 - Investigation of aquifer-system compaction in the Hueco basin, El Paso, Texas, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:14","indexId":"70018900","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Investigation of aquifer-system compaction in the Hueco basin, El Paso, Texas, USA","docAbstract":"The Pleistocene geologic history of the Rio Grande valley in the Hueco basin included a cycle of sediment erosion and re-aggradation, resulting in unconformable stratification of sediment of contrasting compressibility and stress history. Since the 1950s large groundwater withdrawals have resulted in significant water-level declines and associated land subsidence. Knowledge of the magnitude and variation of specific storage is needed for developing predictive models of subsidence and groundwater flow simulations. Analyses of piezometric and extensometric data in the form of stress-strain diagrams from a 16 month period yield in situ measurements of aquifer-system compressibility across two discrete aquifer intervals. The linear elastic behaviour of the deeper interval indicates over-consolidation of basin deposits, probably resulting from deeper burial depth before the middle Pleistocene. By contrast, the shallow aquifer system displays an inelastic component, suggesting pre-consolidation stress not significantly greater than current effective stress levels for a sequence of late Pleistocene clay. Harmonic analyses of the piezometric response to earth tides in two water-level piezometers provide an independent estimate of specific storage of aquifer sands.","largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1995 5th International Symposium on Land Subsidence","conferenceDate":"16 October 1995 through 20 October 1995","conferenceLocation":"Hague, Neth","language":"English","publisher":"IAHS","publisherLocation":"Wallingford, United Kingdom","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Heywood, C., 1995, Investigation of aquifer-system compaction in the Hueco basin, El Paso, Texas, USA, <i>in</i> IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 234, Hague, Neth, 16 October 1995 through 20 October 1995.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"234","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e81e4b0c8380cd63e2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heywood, Charles","contributorId":18916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heywood","given":"Charles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70018805,"text":"70018805 - 1995 - Frictional slip of granite at hydrothermal conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-25T12:21:07.26545","indexId":"70018805","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Frictional slip of granite at hydrothermal conditions","docAbstract":"<div class=\" metis-abstract\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Sliding on faults in much of the continental crust likely occurs at hydrothermal conditions, i.e., at elevated temperature and elevated pressure of aqueous pore fluids, yet there have been few relevant laboratory studies. To measure the strength, sliding behavior, and friction constitutive properties of faults at hydrothermal conditions, we slid laboratory granite faults containing a layer of granite powder (simulated gouge). Velocity stepping experiments were performed at temperatures of 23° to 600°C, pore fluid pressures<span>&nbsp;</span><i>P</i>H<sub>2</sub>O of 0 (“dry”) and 100 MPa (“wet”), effective normal stress of 400 MPa, and sliding velocities<span>&nbsp;</span><i>V</i><span>&nbsp;</span>of 0.01 to 1 μm/s (0.32 to 32 m/yr). Conditions were similar to those in earlier tests on dry granite to 845°C by Lockner et al. (1986). The mechanical results define two regimes. The first regime includes dry granite up to at least 845° and wet granite below 250°C. In this regime the coefficient of friction is high (μ = 0.7 to 0.8) and depends only modestly on temperature, slip rate, and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><sub>H</sub>2<sub>O</sub>. The second regime includes wet granite above ∼350°C. In this regime friction decreases considerably with increasing temperature (temperature weakening) and with decreasing slip rate (velocity strengthening). These regimes correspond well to those identified in sliding tests on ultrafine quartz. We infer that one or more fluid-assisted deformation mechanisms are activated in the second, hydrothermal, regime and operate concurrently with cataclastic flow. Slip in the first (cool and/or dry) regime is characterized by pervasive shearing and particle size reduction. Slip in the second (hot and wet) regime is localized primarily onto narrow shear bands adjacent to the gouge-rock interfaces. Weakness of these boundary shears may result either from an abundance of phyllosilicates preferentially aligned for easy dislocation glide, or from a dependence of strength on gouge particle size. Major features of the granite data set can be fit reasonably well by a rate- and temperature-dependent, three-regime friction constitutive model (Chester, this issue). We extrapolate the experimental data and model fit in order to estimate steady state shear strength versus depth along natural, slipping faults for sliding rates as low as 31 mm/yr. We do this for two end-member cases. In the first case, pore pressure is assumed hydrostatic at all depths. Shallow crustal strength in this case is similar to that calculated in previous work from room temperature friction data, while at depths below about 9–13 km (depending on slip rate), strength becomes less sensitive to depth but sensitive to slip rate. In the second case, pore pressure is assumed to be near-lithostatic at depths below ∼5 km. Strength is low at all depths in this case (&lt;20 MPa, in agreement with observations of “weak” faults such as the San Andreas). The predicted depth of transition from velocity weakening to velocity strengthening lies at about 13 km depth for a slip rate of 31 mm/yr, in rough agreement with the seismic-aseismic transition depth observed on mature continental faults. These results highlight the importance of fluid-assisted deformation processes active in faults at depth and the need for laboratory studies on the roles of additional factors such as fluid chemistry, large displacements, higher concentrations of phyllosilicates, and time-dependent fault healing.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/95JB00862","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Blanpied, M., Lockner, D., and Byerlee, J., 1995, Frictional slip of granite at hydrothermal conditions: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 100, no. B7, p. 13045-13064, https://doi.org/10.1029/95JB00862.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"13045","endPage":"13064","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227010,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"100","issue":"B7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a13eee4b0c8380cd5482f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blanpied, M.L.","contributorId":61961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blanpied","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lockner, D.A. 0000-0001-8630-6833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-6833","contributorId":85603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Byerlee, J.D.","contributorId":69982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byerlee","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018788,"text":"70018788 - 1995 - A possible deficiency in estimates of wet deposition obtained from data generated by the NADP/NTN network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:26","indexId":"70018788","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":924,"text":"Atmospheric Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A possible deficiency in estimates of wet deposition obtained from data generated by the NADP/NTN network","docAbstract":"A conventional precipitation scavenging model is used to evaluate the effect of the performance of a wet-deposition collector on the reported deposition amounts. Three National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network sites in semi arid western Colorado were chosen to evaluate chloride and sulfate wet deposition. Observations of the performance of a wet-deposition collector have demonstrated a delay in opening and cycling during a precipitation event. A significant fraction of wet deposition may be excluded when small amounts of initial precipitation are not sampled and a potentially large fraction of annual wet deposition may be excluded if a majority of precipitation events are small. The actual amount missed depends on the precipitation intensity, variability of intensity with time, raindrop or snowflake size and the individual performance characteristics of the collector. Detailed performance data are needed for individual wet-deposition collectors before accurate estimates of wet deposition can be expected.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Atmospheric Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/1352-2310(94)00182-K","issn":"13522310","usgsCitation":"Claassen, H., and Halm, D., 1995, A possible deficiency in estimates of wet deposition obtained from data generated by the NADP/NTN network: Atmospheric Environment, v. 29, no. 3, p. 437-448, https://doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(94)00182-K.","startPage":"437","endPage":"448","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205937,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(94)00182-K"},{"id":227536,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4e3e4b0c8380cd469d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Claassen, H.C.","contributorId":74028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claassen","given":"H.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halm, D.R.","contributorId":54352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halm","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019719,"text":"70019719 - 1995 - Paleocene to Middle Miocene planktic foraminifera of the southwestern Salisbury Embayment, Virginia and Maryland: biostratigraphy, allostratigraphy, and sequence stratigraphy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-14T11:38:02","indexId":"70019719","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2294,"text":"Journal of Foraminiferal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleocene to Middle Miocene planktic foraminifera of the southwestern Salisbury Embayment, Virginia and Maryland: biostratigraphy, allostratigraphy, and sequence stratigraphy","docAbstract":"<p>The Paleocene to Middle Miocene sedimentary fill of the southwestern Salisbury Embayment contains a fragmental depositional record, interrupted by numerous local diastems and regional unconformities. Using planktic foraminiferal biostratigraphy, 15 unconformity-bounded depositional units have been identified, assigned to six formations and seven alloformations previously recognized in the embayment. The units correlate with second- and third-order sequences of the Exxon sequence stratigraphy model, and include transgressive and highstand systems tracts. Alloformation, formation, and sequence boundaries are marked by abrupt, scoured, burrowed, erosional surfaces, which display lag deposits, biostratigraphic gaps, and intense reworking of microfossils above and below the boundaries.</p><p><span>Paleocene deposits represent the upper parts of upper Pleocene Biochronozones P4 and P5, and rest uncomformably &nbsp;on Cretaceous sedimentary beds of various ages (Maastrichtian to Albian). Lower Eocene deposits represent parts of Biochronozones P6 and P9. Middle Eocene strata represent mainly parts of Biochronozones P11, P12, and P14. Upper Eocene sediments include parts of Biochronozones P15, P16, and P17. Oligocene deposits encompass parts of Biochronozones. N4b to N7 undifferentiated, P21a, and, perhaps, N4a. Lower Miocene deposits encompass parts of Biochronozones N4b to N7 undifferentiated. Middle Miocene strata represent mainly parts of Biochronorones N8, N9, and N10.</span></p><p><span>Nine plates of scanning electron micrographs illustrate the principal planktic foraminifera used to establish the biostratigraphic framework. Two new informal formine of <i>Praeterenuitella praegemma</i> Li, 1987, are introduced.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research","doi":"10.2113/gsjfr.25.2.134","issn":"00961191","usgsCitation":"Poag, C.W., and Commeau, J., 1995, Paleocene to Middle Miocene planktic foraminifera of the southwestern Salisbury Embayment, Virginia and Maryland: biostratigraphy, allostratigraphy, and sequence stratigraphy: Journal of Foraminiferal Research, v. 25, no. 2, p. 134-155, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.25.2.134.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"134","endPage":"155","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227683,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a73bee4b0c8380cd771ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poag, C. W.","contributorId":16402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poag","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Commeau, J.A.","contributorId":21549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Commeau","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018868,"text":"70018868 - 1995 - Interannual and interdecadal variability in United States surface-air temperatures, 1910-87","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-03T16:46:03","indexId":"70018868","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1252,"text":"Climatic Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interannual and interdecadal variability in United States surface-air temperatures, 1910-87","docAbstract":"<p>Monthly mean surface-air temperatures at 870 sites in the contiguous United States were analyzed for interannual and interdecadal variability over the time interval 1910-87. The temperatures were analyzed spatially by empirical-orthogonal-function analysis and temporally by singularspectrum analysis (SSA). The dominant modes of spatio-temporal variability are trends and nonperiodic variations with time scales longer than 15 years, decadal-scale oscillations with periods of roughly 7 and 10 years, and interannual oscillations of 2.2 and 3.3 years. Together, these modes contribute about 18% of the slower-than-annual United States temperature variance. Two leading components roughly capture the mean hemispheric temperature trend and represent a long-term warming, largest in the southwest, accompanied by cooling of the domain's southeastern quadrant. The extremes of the 2.2-year interannual oscillation characterize temperature differences between the Northeastern and Southwestern States, whereas the 3.3-year cycle is present mostly in the Western States. The 7- to 10-year oscillations are much less regular and persistent than the interannual oscillations and characterize temperature differences between the western and interior sectors of the United States. These continental- or regional-scale temperature variations may be related to climatic variations with similar periodicities, either global or centered in other regions; such variations include quasi-biennial oscillations over the tropical Pacific or North Atlantic and quasi-triennial oscillations of North Pacific sea-surface temperatures.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Climatic Change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","publisherLocation":"Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/BF01092980","issn":"01650009","usgsCitation":"Dettinger, M.D., Ghil, M., and Keppenne, C., 1995, Interannual and interdecadal variability in United States surface-air temperatures, 1910-87: Climatic Change, v. 31, no. 1, p. 35-66, 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,{"id":70018736,"text":"70018736 - 1995 - Determination of elemental content off rocks by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-08T17:34:43.732196","indexId":"70018736","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of elemental content off rocks by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"A new method of analysis for rocks and soils is presented using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. It is based on a lithium borate fusion and the free-running mode of a Nd/YAG laser. An Ar/N2 sample gas improves sensitivity 7 ?? for most elements. Sixty-three elements are characterized for the fusion, and 49 elements can be quantified. Internal standards and isotopic spikes ensure accurate results. Limits of detection are 0.01 ??g/g for many trace elements. Accuracy approaches 5% for all elements. A new quality assurance procedure is presented that uses fundamental parameters to test relative response factors for the calibration.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ac00110a024","usgsCitation":"Lichte, F., 1995, Determination of elemental content off rocks by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: Analytical Chemistry, v. 67, no. 14, p. 2479-2485, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00110a024.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2479","endPage":"2485","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227490,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffa3e4b0c8380cd4f2d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lichte, F.E.","contributorId":99108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lichte","given":"F.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70018735,"text":"70018735 - 1995 - Rainfall thresholds for the initiation of debris flows at La Honda, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-17T15:25:36.166327","indexId":"70018735","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1574,"text":"Environmental & Engineering Geoscience","printIssn":"1078-7275","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rainfall thresholds for the initiation of debris flows at La Honda, California","docAbstract":"<p>In order to study the relation between heavy rainfall, shallow pore pressures, and slope stability in hillslopes susceptible to debris flows, we have been observing debris flows and measuring rainfall and hillslope pore pressures in a 10-km<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>study area in the central Santa Cruz Mountains near La Honda, California. A simple numerical model, based on the physical analogy of a leaky barrel, can simulate significant features of the interaction between rainfall and shallow-hillslope pore pressures. In the model, the barrel is filled at a rate equal to the rainfall intensity and drained at a rate equal to the product of the water level retained in the barrel, Z, times the drainage coefficient, k<sub>d</sub>. If the retained rainfall exceeds a critical water level, Z<sub>c</sub>, the slope becomes unstable. Thus, the threshold for the intensity and duration of storm rainfall required to initiate debris flows is determined by the k<sub>d</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and Z<sub>c</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>values of the most susceptible slopes in the study area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental Engineering Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gseegeosci.I.1.11","usgsCitation":"Wilson, R.C., and Wieczorek, G.F., 1995, Rainfall thresholds for the initiation of debris flows at La Honda, California: Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, v. 1, no. 1, p. 11-27, https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.I.1.11.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":269309,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://eeg.geoscienceworld.org/content/1/1/11.short"},{"id":227445,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.30083979814364,\n              37.28509194071739\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.30083979814364,\n              37.14308592344695\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.06990826936038,\n              37.14308592344695\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.06990826936038,\n              37.28509194071739\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.30083979814364,\n              37.28509194071739\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"1","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9465e4b0c8380cd813ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, R. C.","contributorId":50889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wieczorek, G. F.","contributorId":50143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"G.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018727,"text":"70018727 - 1995 - Glacial removal of late Cenozoic subglacially emplaced volcanic edifices by the West Antarctic ice sheet","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-20T12:50:44","indexId":"70018727","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Glacial removal of late Cenozoic subglacially emplaced volcanic edifices by the West Antarctic ice sheet","docAbstract":"Local maxima of the horizontal gradient of pseudogravity from closely spaced aeromagnetic surveys over the Ross Sea, northwestern Ross Ice Shelf, and the West Antarctic ice sheet, reveal a linear magnetic rift fabric and numerous subcircular, high-amplitude anomalies. Geophysical data indicate two or three youthful volcanic edifices at widely separated areas beneath the sea and ice cover in the West Antarctic rift system. In contrast, we suggest glacial removal of edifices of volcanic sources of many more anomalies. Magnetic models, controlled by marine seismic reflection and radar ice-sounding data, allow us to infer that glacial removal of the associated late Cenozoic volcanic edifices (probably debris, comprising pillow breccias, and hyaloclastites) has occurred essentially concomitantly with their subglacial eruption. \"Removal' of unconsolidated volcanic debris erupted beneath the ice is probably a more appropriate term than \"erosion', given its fragmented, ice-contact origin. The exposed volcanoes may have been protected from erosion by the surrounding ice sheet because of more competent rock or high elevation above the ice sheet. -from Authors","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<1111:GROLCS>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Behrendt, J.C., Blankenship, D.D., Damaske, D., and Cooper, A.K., 1995, Glacial removal of late Cenozoic subglacially emplaced volcanic edifices by the West Antarctic ice sheet: Geology, v. 23, no. 12, p. 1111-1114, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<1111:GROLCS>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1111","endPage":"1114","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227357,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Ross Sea","volume":"23","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a290be4b0c8380cd5a62c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Behrendt, John C. jbehrendt@usgs.gov","contributorId":25945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behrendt","given":"John","email":"jbehrendt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":213,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization Team","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":380562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blankenship, D. D.","contributorId":29012,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blankenship","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Damaske, D.","contributorId":66771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Damaske","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cooper, A. K.","contributorId":50149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70018910,"text":"70018910 - 1995 - The effect of fault-bend folding on seismic velocity in the marginal ridge of accretionary prisms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:13","indexId":"70018910","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3209,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of fault-bend folding on seismic velocity in the marginal ridge of accretionary prisms","docAbstract":"Fluid venting in accretionary prisms, which feeds chemosynthetic biological communities, occurs mostly on the marginal thrust ridge. New seismic data for the marginal ridge of the Cascadia prism show significantly lower velocity than that in the adjacent oceanic basin and place important constraints on the interpretations of why fluid venting occurs mostly on the marginal ridge. We employed a finite-element method to analyze a typical fault-bend folding model to explain the phenomenon. The fault in the model is simulated by contact elements. The elements are characterized not only by finite sliding along a slide line, but also by elastoplastic deformation. We present the results of a stress analysis which show that the marginal ridge is under subhorizontal extension and the frontal thrust is under compression. This state of stress favors the growth of tensile cracks in the marginal ridge, facilitates fluid flow and reduces seismic velocities therein; on the other hand, it may close fluid pathways along the frontal thrust and divert fluid flow to the marginal ridge. ?? 1995 Birkha??user Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Birkha??user-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00879593","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Cai, Y., Wang, C., Hwang, W., and Cochrane, G., 1995, The effect of fault-bend folding on seismic velocity in the marginal ridge of accretionary prisms: Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH, v. 145, no. 3-4, p. 637-646, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00879593.","startPage":"637","endPage":"646","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205813,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00879593"},{"id":226937,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"145","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab26e4b08c986b322c67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cai, Y.","contributorId":9784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cai","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wang, Chun-Yong","contributorId":98893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Chun-Yong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hwang, W.-t.","contributorId":19310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hwang","given":"W.-t.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cochrane, G.R.","contributorId":104002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochrane","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70185716,"text":"70185716 - 1995 - Use of isotopic data to estimate water residence times of the Finger Lakes, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T09:19:00","indexId":"70185716","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of isotopic data to estimate water residence times of the Finger Lakes, New York","docAbstract":"<p><span>Water retention times in the Finger Lakes, a group of 11 lakes in central New York with similar hydrologic and climatic characteristics, were estimated by use of a tritium-balance model. During July 1991, samples were collected from the 11 lakes and selected tributary streams and were analyzed for tritium, deuterium, and oxygen-18. Additional samples from some of the sites were collected in 1990, 1992 and 1993. Tritium concentration in lake water ranged from 24.6 Tritium Units (TU) (Otisco Lake) to 43.2 TU (Seneca Lake).The parameters in the model used to obtain water retention time (WRT) included relative humidity, evaporation rate, tritium concentrations of inflowing water and lake water, and WRT of the lake. A historical record of tritium concentrations in precipitation and runoff was obtained from rainfall data at Ottawa, Canada, analyses of local wines produced during 1977–1991, and streamflow samples collected in 1990–1991. The model was simulated in yearly steps for 1953–1991, and the WRT was varied to reproduce tritium concentrations measured in each lake in 1991. Water retention times obtained from model simulations ranged from 1 year for Otisco Lake to 12 years for Seneca Lake, and with the exception of Seneca Lake and Skaneateles Lake, were in agreement with earlier estimates obtained from runoff estimates and chloride balances. The sensitivity of the model to parameter changes was tested to determine possible reasons for the differences calculated for WRT's for Seneca Lake and Skaneateles Lake. The shorter WRT obtained from tritium data for Lake Seneca (12 years as compared to 18 years) can be explained by a yearly addition of less than 3% by lake volume of ground water to the lake, the exact percentage depending on tritium concentration in the ground water.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(94)02586-Z","usgsCitation":"Michel, R.L., and Kraemer, T.F., 1995, Use of isotopic data to estimate water residence times of the Finger Lakes, New York: Journal of Hydrology, v. 164, no. 1-4, p. 1-18, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(94)02586-Z.","productDescription":"18 p. ","startPage":"1","endPage":"18","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338453,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Finger Lakes ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.76123046875,\n              42.86187308074834\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.7886962890625,\n              42.85180609584705\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.794189453125,\n              42.78532283730215\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.640380859375,\n              42.63597933867727\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.23663330078125,\n              42.3016903282445\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.54998779296875,\n              42.342305278572816\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.16546630859375,\n              42.82562425459303\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.30279541015625,\n              43.018705515824635\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.76123046875,\n              42.86187308074834\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"164","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58db7635e4b0ee37af29e4c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michel, Robert L. rlmichel@usgs.gov","contributorId":823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"Robert","email":"rlmichel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kraemer, Thomas F. tkraemer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraemer","given":"Thomas","email":"tkraemer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70185718,"text":"70185718 - 1995 - Phosphate dynamics in an acidic mountain stream: Interactions involving algal uptake, sorption by iron oxide, and photoreduction ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-22T07:51:28","indexId":"70185718","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phosphate dynamics in an acidic mountain stream: Interactions involving algal uptake, sorption by iron oxide, and photoreduction ","docAbstract":"<p>Acid mine drainage streams in the Rocky Mountains typically have few algal species and abundant iron oxide deposits which can sorb phosphate. An instream injection of radiolabeled phosphate (32P0,) into St. Kevin Gulch, an acid mine drainage stream, was used to test the ability of a dominant algal species, Ulothrix sp., to rapidly assimilate phosphate. Approximately 90% of the injected phosphate was removed from the water column in the 175-m stream reach. When shaded stream reaches were exposed to full sunlight after the injection ended, photoreductive dissolution of iron oxide released sorbed 32P, which was then also removed downstream. The removal from the stream was modeled as a first-order process by using a reactive solute transport transient storage model. Concentrations of 32P mass-’ of algae were typically lo-fold greater than concentrations in hydrous iron oxides. During the injection, concentrations of 32P increased in the cellular P pool containing soluble, low-molecular-weight compounds and confirmed direct algal uptake of 32P0, from water. Mass balance calculations indicated that algal uptake and sorption on iron oxides were significant in removing phosphate. We conclude that in stream ecosystems, PO, sorbed by iron oxides can act as a dynamic nutrient reservoir regulated by photoreduction. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.4319/lo.1995.40.5.0938","usgsCitation":"Tate, C.M., Broshears, R.E., and McKnight, D.M., 1995, Phosphate dynamics in an acidic mountain stream: Interactions involving algal uptake, sorption by iron oxide, and photoreduction : Limnology and Oceanography, v. 40, no. 5, p. 938-946, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1995.40.5.0938.","productDescription":"9 p. ","startPage":"938","endPage":"946","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338456,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Kevin's Gulch ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.4150333404541,\n              39.27817818049477\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.33752822875977,\n              39.27817818049477\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.33752822875977,\n              39.32394034012386\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.4150333404541,\n              39.32394034012386\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.4150333404541,\n              39.27817818049477\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58db7635e4b0ee37af29e4c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tate, Cathy M. cmtate@usgs.gov","contributorId":3438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tate","given":"Cathy","email":"cmtate@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":686522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Broshears, Robert E.","contributorId":40675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Broshears","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":686524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019216,"text":"70019216 - 1995 - Geohydrology and water quality of the North Platte River alluvial aquifer, Garden County, Western Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:11","indexId":"70019216","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geohydrology and water quality of the North Platte River alluvial aquifer, Garden County, Western Nebraska","docAbstract":"In 1993, a 3-year study was begun to describe the geohydrology and water quality of the North Platte River alluvial aquifer near Oshkosh, Garden County, Nebraska. The study's objectives are to evaluate the geohydrologic characteristics of the alluvial aquifer and to establish a network of observation wells for long-term monitoring of temporal variations and spatial distributions of nitrate and major-ion concentrations. Monitor wells were installed at 11 sites near Oshkosh. The geohydrology of the aquifer was characterized based on water-level measurements and two short-term aquifer tests. Bimonthly water samples were collected and analyzed for pH, specific conductivity, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and nutrients that included dissolved nitrate. Concentrations of major ions were defined from analyses of semiannual water samples. Analyses of the geohydrologic and water-quality data indicate that the aquifer is vulnerable to nitrate contamination. These data also show that nitrate concentrations in ground water flowing into and out of the study area are less than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Maximum Concentration Level of 10 milligrams per liter for drinking water. Ground water from Lost Creek Valley may be mixing with ground water in the North Platte River Valley, somewhat moderating nitrate concentrations near Oshkosh.","largerWorkTitle":"International Symposium on Groundwater Management - Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Groundwater Management","conferenceDate":"14 August 1995 through 16 August 1995","conferenceLocation":"San Antonio, TX, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"Steele, G.V., and Cannia, J.C., 1995, Geohydrology and water quality of the North Platte River alluvial aquifer, Garden County, Western Nebraska, <i>in</i> International Symposium on Groundwater Management - Proceedings, San Antonio, TX, USA, 14 August 1995 through 16 August 1995, p. 379-384.","startPage":"379","endPage":"384","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226778,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a17fae4b0c8380cd55651","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steele, Gregory V. gvsteele@usgs.gov","contributorId":783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"Gregory","email":"gvsteele@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":382022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cannia, James C.","contributorId":94356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannia","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018725,"text":"70018725 - 1995 - The structural and geochemical evolution of the continental crust: Support for the oceanic plateau model of continental growth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-05T15:36:50.570876","indexId":"70018725","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3283,"text":"Reviews of Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The structural and geochemical evolution of the continental crust: Support for the oceanic plateau model of continental growth","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>The problem of the origin of the continental crust can be resolved into two fundamental questions: (1) the location and mechanisms of initial mantle extraction of the primitive crust and (2) the processes by which this primitive crust is converted into the continental crust that presently exists. We know that Archean continental crust is compositionally distinct from younger continental crust. Archean magmatism was dominantly bimodal, mafic thoeleiitic plus dacitic, heavy rare earth element depleted, in contrast to the dominantly unimodal, roughly andesitic calc‐alkaline magmatism on younger crust [<i>Taylor and McLennan</i>, 1985;<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Condie</i>, 1989]. The problem is whether these compositional differences are primarily due to different mechanisms of crustal extraction from the mantle or to different mechanisms of differentiation and alteration of newly formed continental crust.</p></div>","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/95RG00551","issn":"87551209","usgsCitation":"Abbott, D., and Mooney, W.D., 1995, The structural and geochemical evolution of the continental crust: Support for the oceanic plateau model of continental growth: Reviews of Geophysics, v. 33, no. SUPPL. 1, p. 231-242, https://doi.org/10.1029/95RG00551.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"231","endPage":"242","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479287,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/95rg00551","text":"External Repository"},{"id":227355,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"SUPPL. 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb093e4b08c986b324f4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abbott, D.","contributorId":96031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abbott","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":380557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018956,"text":"70018956 - 1995 - Annotated bibliography of methodology for assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:13","indexId":"70018956","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2879,"text":"Nonrenewable Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Annotated bibliography of methodology for assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources","docAbstract":"An annotated bibliography of methodology of assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources is presented as a useful reference for those engaged in resource assessment. The articles that are included deal only with quantitative assessment of undiscovered or inferred resources. the articles in this bibliography are classified largely according to the major assessment method that was applied in each situation. Major assessment methods include areal and volumetric yield methods, field size distributions, historical extrapolation, deposit modeling, organic geochemical mass balance methods, and direct expert assessment. Other categories include mathematical tools, reserve growth/confirmation, quantitative characterization of undiscovered resources, and general topics. For the purpose of future updates, we solicit contributions of articles that may have been missed in the preparation of this bibliography. ?? 1995 Oxford University Press.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nonrenewable Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF02259038","issn":"09611444","usgsCitation":"Charpentier, R., Dolton, G., and Ulmishek, G., 1995, Annotated bibliography of methodology for assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources: Nonrenewable Resources, v. 4, no. 2, p. 154-186, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02259038.","startPage":"154","endPage":"186","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205815,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259038"},{"id":226941,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec08e4b0c8380cd4903c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Charpentier, Ronald R.","contributorId":33674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charpentier","given":"Ronald R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dolton, G.L.","contributorId":51722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dolton","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ulmishek, G. F.","contributorId":89144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ulmishek","given":"G. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019161,"text":"70019161 - 1995 - Using GIS for verification of bathymetric data from Long Island sound","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:16","indexId":"70019161","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Using GIS for verification of bathymetric data from Long Island sound","docAbstract":"Accurate depiction of the topography of the seafloor in coastal areas is needed for modeling of ecosystems and processes, and also as a framework for analyzing and displaying information used in management decisions. Often, errors must be corrected before acquired digital data bases can be used. To create an acceptable data set, two corrected versions of a Long Island Sound data base were compared with each other and with contours produced prior to the compilation of the digital data base.","largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 9th 1995 Conference on Coastal Zone","conferenceDate":"16 July 1995 through 21 July 1995","conferenceLocation":"Tampa, FL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"Grim, M.S., Seekins, B.A., and Chase, T., 1995, Using GIS for verification of bathymetric data from Long Island sound, <i>in</i> Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management, Tampa, FL, USA, 16 July 1995 through 21 July 1995, p. 159-160.","startPage":"159","endPage":"160","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226729,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc00fe4b08c986b329edd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grim, Muriel S.","contributorId":85591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grim","given":"Muriel","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seekins, Barbara A.","contributorId":64400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seekins","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chase, Thomas E.","contributorId":23916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"Thomas E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":87322,"text":"87322 - 1995 - Turtles","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":87322,"text":"87322 - 1995 - Turtles","indexId":"87322","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Turtles"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-18T14:54:04","indexId":"87322","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Turtles","docAbstract":"<p>Turtles have existed virtually unchanged for the last 200 million years. Unfortunately, some of the same traits that allowed them to survive the ages often predispose them to endangerment. Delayed maturity and low and variable annual reproductive success make turtles unusually susceptible to increased mortality through exploitation and habitat modifications (Brooks et al. 1991; Congdon et al. 1993).&nbsp;</p><p>In general, turtles are overlooked by wildlife managers in spite of their ecological significance and importance to humans. Turtles are, however, important as scavengers, herbivores, and carnivores, and often contribute significant biomass to ecosystems. In addition, they are an important link in ecosystems, providing dispersal mechanisms for plants, contributing to environmental diversity, and fostering symbiotic associations with a diverse array of organisms. Adults and eggs of many turtles have been used as a food resource by humans for centuries (Brooks et al. 1988; Lovich 1994). As use pressures and habitat destruction increase, management that considers the life-history traits of turtles will be needed.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Biological Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Lovich, J.E., 1995, Turtles, chap. <i>of</i> Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems, p. 118-121.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"118","endPage":"121","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128392,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265980,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.webharvest.gov/peth04/20041019015728/https://biology.usgs.gov/s+t/index.htm","linkHelpText":"Archived website"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db697695","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"LaRoe, Edward T.","contributorId":112276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRoe","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504980,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farris, Gaye S.","contributorId":84410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farris","given":"Gaye","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":504981,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puckett, Catherine E. cpuckett@usgs.gov","contributorId":4629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett","given":"Catherine","email":"cpuckett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":504982,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doran, Peter D.","contributorId":17533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504979,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mac, Michael J.","contributorId":16772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691744,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Lovich, Jeffrey E. 0000-0002-7789-2831 jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7789-2831","contributorId":458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovich","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70019012,"text":"70019012 - 1995 - A mechanism for decoupling within the oceanic lithosphere revealed in the Troodos ophiolite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T15:47:12","indexId":"70019012","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A mechanism for decoupling within the oceanic lithosphere revealed in the Troodos ophiolite","docAbstract":"<p><span>Contrasting kinematic histories recorded in the sheeted dykes and underlying plutonic rocks of the Troodos ophiolite provide a new perspective on the mechanical evolution of oceanic spreading centres. The kinematic framework of the decoupling zone that partitions deformation between the sheeted dykes and plutonics contrasts with low-angle detachment models for slow-spreading ridges based on continental-rift analogues. A model for the generation of multiple, horizontal decoupling horizons, linked by planar normal faults, demonstrates new possibilities for the kinematic and rheological significance of seismic reflectors in oceanic lithosphere.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/374232a0","usgsCitation":"Agar, S.M., and Klitgord, K.D., 1995, A mechanism for decoupling within the oceanic lithosphere revealed in the Troodos ophiolite: Nature, v. 374, no. 6519, p. 232-238, https://doi.org/10.1038/374232a0.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"232","endPage":"238","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"374","issue":"6519","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e44ae4b0c8380cd46562","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Agar, Susan M.","contributorId":13255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Agar","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":25254,"text":"Northwestern University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":381388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klitgord, Kim D.","contributorId":82307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klitgord","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":381389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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