{"pageNumber":"1334","pageRowStart":"33325","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184769,"records":[{"id":70156364,"text":"70156364 - 2014 - A systematic approach towards the identification and protection of vulnerable marine ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-16T10:42:44","indexId":"70156364","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3916,"text":"Marine Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A systematic approach towards the identification and protection of vulnerable marine ecosystems","docAbstract":"<p><span>The United Nations General Assembly in 2006 and 2009 adopted resolutions that call for the identification and protection of&nbsp;</span><i>vulnerable marine ecosystems</i><span>&nbsp;(VMEs) from significant adverse impacts of bottom fishing. While general criteria have been produced, there are no guidelines or protocols that elaborate on the process from initial identification through to the protection of VMEs. Here, based upon an expert review of existing practices, a 10-step framework is proposed: (1) Comparatively assess potential VME indicator taxa and habitats in a region; (2) determine VME thresholds; (3) consider areas already known for their ecological importance; (4) compile information on the distributions of likely VME taxa and habitats, as well as related environmental data; (5) develop predictive distribution models for VME indicator taxa and habitats; (6) compile known or likely fishing impacts; (7) produce a predicted VME naturalness distribution (areas of low cumulative impacts); (8) identify areas of higher value to user groups; (9) conduct management strategy evaluations to produce trade-off scenarios; (10) review and re-iterate, until spatial management scenarios are developed that fulfil international obligations and regional conservation and management objectives. To date, regional progress has been piecemeal and incremental. The proposed 10-step framework combines these various experiences into a systematic approach.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ScienceDirect","doi":"10.1016/j.marpol.2013.11.017","usgsCitation":"Ardron, J.A., Clark, M.R., Penney, A.J., Hourigan, T.F., Rowden, A.A., Dunstan, P.K., Watling, L., Shank, T., Tracey, D.M., Dunn, M.R., and Parker, S.J., 2014, A systematic approach towards the identification and protection of vulnerable marine ecosystems: Marine Science, v. 49, p. 146-154, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2013.11.017.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"146","endPage":"154","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":472672,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/6371","text":"External Repository"},{"id":308183,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55fa92ade4b05d6c4e501a48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ardron, Jeff A.","contributorId":146751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ardron","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Malcolm R.","contributorId":146752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"Malcolm","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Penney, Andrew J.","contributorId":146753,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Penney","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hourigan, Thomas F.","contributorId":146754,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hourigan","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rowden, Ashley A.","contributorId":146755,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rowden","given":"Ashley","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dunstan, Piers K.","contributorId":146756,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunstan","given":"Piers","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Watling, Les","contributorId":54755,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watling","given":"Les","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16143,"text":"University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Shank, Timothy M.","contributorId":100722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shank","given":"Timothy M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Tracey, Di M.","contributorId":146757,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tracey","given":"Di","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Dunn, Matthew R.","contributorId":146758,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunn","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Parker, Steven J.","contributorId":68904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70143987,"text":"70143987 - 2014 - Influence of nonnative and native ungulate biomass and seasonal precipitation on vegetation production in a Great Basin ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-10T16:13:47","indexId":"70143987","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of nonnative and native ungulate biomass and seasonal precipitation on vegetation production in a Great Basin ecosystem","docAbstract":"<p><span>The negative effects of equid grazers in semiarid ecosystems of the American West have been considered disproportionate to the influence of native ungulates in these systems because of equids' large body size, hoof shape, and short history on the landscape relative to native ungulates. Tools that can analyze the degree of influence of various ungulate herbivores in an ecosystem and separate effects of ungulates from effects of other variables (climate, anthropomorphic disturbances) can be useful to managers in determining the location of nonnative herbivore impacts and assessing the effect of management actions targeted at different ungulate populations. We used remotely sensed data to determine the influence of native and nonnative ungulates and climate on vegetation productivity at wildlife refuges in Oregon and Nevada. Our findings indicate that ungulate biomass density, particularly equid biomass density, and precipitation in winter and spring had the greatest influence on normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values. Our results concur with those of other researchers, who found that drought exacerbated the impacts of ungulate herbivores in arid systems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University","doi":"10.3398/064.074.0304","usgsCitation":"Zeigenfuss, L., Schoenecker, K.A., Ransom, J.I., Ignizio, D.A., and Mask, T., 2014, Influence of nonnative and native ungulate biomass and seasonal precipitation on vegetation production in a Great Basin ecosystem: Western North American Naturalist, v. 74, no. 3, p. 286-298, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.074.0304.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"286","endPage":"298","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052304","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol74/iss3/3","text":"External 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linda_zeigenfuss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6700-8563","contributorId":2079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeigenfuss","given":"Linda","email":"linda_zeigenfuss@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoenecker, Kathryn A. 0000-0001-9906-911X schoeneckerk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9906-911X","contributorId":2001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoenecker","given":"Kathryn","email":"schoeneckerk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ransom, Jason I.","contributorId":139841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ransom","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":6924,"text":"National Park Service, Upper Columbia Basin Network","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ignizio, Drew A. 0000-0001-8054-5139 dignizio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8054-5139","contributorId":139842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ignizio","given":"Drew","email":"dignizio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":543233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mask, Tracy tmask@usgs.gov","contributorId":5507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mask","given":"Tracy","email":"tmask@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science 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,{"id":70145116,"text":"70145116 - 2014 - MTpy: A Python toolbox for magnetotellurics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-08T09:37:05","indexId":"70145116","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"<i>MTpy</i>: A Python toolbox for magnetotellurics","title":"MTpy: A Python toolbox for magnetotellurics","docAbstract":"<p id=\"sp0030\">We present the software package&nbsp;<i>MTpy</i>&nbsp;that allows handling, processing, and imaging of magnetotelluric (MT) data sets. Written in Python, the code is open source, containing sub-packages and modules for various tasks within the standard MT data processing and handling scheme. Besides the independent definition of classes and functions,&nbsp;<i>MTpy</i>&nbsp;provides wrappers and convenience scripts to call standard external data processing and modelling software.</p>\n<p id=\"sp0035\">In its current state, modules and functions of&nbsp;<i>MTpy</i>&nbsp;work on raw and pre-processed MT data. However, opposite to providing a static compilation of software, we prefer to introduce&nbsp;<i>MTpy</i>&nbsp;as a flexible software toolbox, whose contents can be combined and utilised according to the respective needs of the user. Just as the overall functionality of a mechanical toolbox can be extended by adding new tools,&nbsp;<i>MTpy</i>&nbsp;is a flexible framework, which will be dynamically extended in the future. Furthermore, it can help to unify and extend existing codes and algorithms within the (academic) MT community.</p>\n<p id=\"sp0040\">In this paper, we introduce the structure and concept of&nbsp;<i>MTpy &nbsp;</i>. Additionally, we show some examples from an everyday work-flow of MT data processing: the generation of standard EDI data files from raw electric (<span id=\"mmlsi0001\" class=\"mathmlsrc\"><span class=\"formulatext stixSupport mathImg\" title=\"Click to view the MathML source\" data-mathurl=\"/science?_ob=MathURL&amp;_method=retrieve&amp;_eid=1-s2.0-S0098300414001794&amp;_mathId=si0001.gif&amp;_user=111111111&amp;_pii=S0098300414001794&amp;_rdoc=1&amp;_issn=00983004&amp;md5=c0f8e921697c4a6bafdc8188eaee938a\"><span>E</span></span></span>-) and magnetic flux density (<span class=\"boldFont\">B</span>-) field time series as input, the conversion into MiniSEED data format, as well as the generation of a graphical data representation in the form of a Phase Tensor pseudosection.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.cageo.2014.07.013","usgsCitation":"Krieger, L., and Peacock, J.R., 2014, MTpy: A Python toolbox for magnetotellurics: Computers & Geosciences, v. 72, p. 167-175, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2014.07.013.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"175","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051294","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299334,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551fb9abe4b027f0aee3baf2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krieger, Lars","contributorId":140053,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krieger","given":"Lars","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13368,"text":"University of Adelaide, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peacock, Jared R. 0000-0002-0439-0224 jpeacock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0439-0224","contributorId":4996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peacock","given":"Jared","email":"jpeacock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70146957,"text":"70146957 - 2014 - Technical Note: Linking climate change and downed woody debris decomposition across forests of the eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-24T10:45:15","indexId":"70146957","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1011,"text":"Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Technical Note: Linking climate change and downed woody debris decomposition across forests of the eastern United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>Forest ecosystems play a critical role in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Forest carbon (C) is stored through photosynthesis and released via decomposition and combustion. Relative to C fixation in biomass, much less is known about C depletion through decomposition of woody debris, particularly under a changing climate. It is assumed that the increased temperatures and longer growing seasons associated with projected climate change will increase the decomposition rates (i.e., more rapid C cycling) of downed woody debris (DWD); however, the magnitude of this increase has not been previously addressed. Using DWD measurements collected from a national forest inventory of the eastern United States, we show that the residence time of DWD may decrease (i.e., more rapid decomposition) by as much as 13% over the next 200 years, depending on various future climate change scenarios and forest types. Although existing dynamic global vegetation models account for the decomposition process, they typically do not include the effect of a changing climate on DWD decomposition rates. We expect that an increased understanding of decomposition rates, as presented in this current work, will be needed to adequately quantify the fate of woody detritus in future forests. Furthermore, we hope these results will lead to improved models that incorporate climate change scenarios for depicting future dead wood dynamics in addition to a traditional emphasis on live-tree demographics.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/bg-11-6417-2014","usgsCitation":"Russell, M.B., Woodall, C.W., D’Amato, A.W., Fraver, S., and Bradford, J.B., 2014, Technical Note: Linking climate change and downed woody debris decomposition across forests of the eastern United States: Biogeosciences, v. 11, p. 6417-6425, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6417-2014.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"6417","endPage":"6425","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056891","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472675,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6417-2014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":299861,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -97.20703125,\n              28.613459424004414\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.20703125,\n              49.61070993807422\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.796875,\n              49.61070993807422\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.796875,\n              28.613459424004414\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.20703125,\n              28.613459424004414\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"553b6960e4b0a658d79371d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Russell, Matthew B.","contributorId":140407,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Russell","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":13478,"text":"Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota (Correspondence to: russellm@umn.edu)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodall, Christopher W.","contributorId":53696,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woodall","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7264,"text":"USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Beltsville, MD 20705","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"D’Amato, Anthony W.","contributorId":28140,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"D’Amato","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6735,"text":"University of Vermont, Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":13478,"text":"Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota (Correspondence to: russellm@umn.edu)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fraver, Shawn","contributorId":91379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fraver","given":"Shawn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bradford, John B. 0000-0001-9257-6303 jbradford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-6303","contributorId":611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"John","email":"jbradford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70141386,"text":"70141386 - 2014 - Evaluating potential effects of an industrial road on winter habitat of caribou in North-Central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-20T09:42:31","indexId":"70141386","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":894,"text":"Arctic","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating potential effects of an industrial road on winter habitat of caribou in North-Central Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Worldwide, some caribou (Rangifer tarandus) populations are experiencing declines due partially to the expansion of industrial development. Caribou can exhibit behavioral avoidance of development, leading to indirect habitat loss, even if the actual footprint is small. Thus, it is important to understand before construction begins how much habitat might be affected by proposed development. In northern Alaska, an industrial road that has been proposed to facilitate mining transects a portion of the Western Arctic caribou herd's winter range. To understand how winter habitat use might be affected by the road, we estimated resource selection patterns during winter for caribou in a study area surrounding the proposed road. We assessed the reductions of habitat value associated with three proposed routes at three distance thresholds for disturbance. High-value winter habitat tended to occur in locally rugged areas that have not burned recently and have a high density of lichen and early dates of spring snowmelt. We found that 1.5% to 8.5% (146-848 km2) of existing high-value winter habitat in our study area might be reduced in quality. The three alternative routes were only marginally different. Our results suggest that the road would have minimal direct effects on high-value winter habitat; however, additional cumulative impacts to caribou (e.g., increased access by recreationists and hunters) should be considered before the full effects of the road can be estimated.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Arctic Institute of North America","doi":"10.14430/arctic4421","usgsCitation":"Wilson, R.H., Gustine, D.D., and Joly, K., 2014, Evaluating potential effects of an industrial road on winter habitat of caribou in North-Central Alaska: Arctic, v. 67, no. 4, p. 472-482, https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic4421.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"472","endPage":"482","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052426","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472669,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic4421","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":298065,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -163.212890625,\n              65.62202261510642\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.212890625,\n              70.9883492241249\n            ],\n            [\n              -142.3828125,\n              70.9883492241249\n            ],\n            [\n              -142.3828125,\n              65.62202261510642\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.212890625,\n              65.62202261510642\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"67","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54e868bce4b02d776a67c5c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Ryan H. 0000-0001-7740-7771","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7740-7771","contributorId":130989,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gustine, David D. dgustine@usgs.gov","contributorId":3776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gustine","given":"David","email":"dgustine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Joly, Kyle","contributorId":53117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Joly","given":"Kyle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12462,"text":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70188047,"text":"70188047 - 2014 - Evaluation of a model framework to estimate soil and soil organic carbon redistribution by water and tillage using <sup>137</sup>Cs in two U.S. Midwest agricultural fields","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-30T16:01:43","indexId":"70188047","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1760,"text":"Geoderma","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of a model framework to estimate soil and soil organic carbon redistribution by water and tillage using <sup>137</sup>Cs in two U.S. Midwest agricultural fields","docAbstract":"<p><span>Cultivated lands in the U.S. Midwest have been affected by soil erosion, causing soil organic carbon (SOC) redistribution in the landscape and other environmental and agricultural problems. The importance of SOC redistribution on soil productivity and crop yield, however, is still uncertain. In this study, we used a model framework, which includes the Unit Stream Power-based Erosion Deposition (USPED) and the Tillage Erosion Prediction (TEP) models, to understand the soil and SOC redistribution caused by water and tillage erosion in two agricultural fields in the U.S. Midwest. This model framework was evaluated for different digital elevation model (DEM) spatial resolutions (10-m, 24-m, 30-m, and 56-m) and topographic exponents (</span><i>m</i><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;1.0–1.6 and </span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;1.0–1.3) using soil redistribution rates from </span><sup>137</sup><span>Cs measurements. The results showed that the aggregated 24-m DEM, </span><i>m</i><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;1.4 and </span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;1.0 for rill erosion, and </span><i>m</i><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;1.0 and </span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;1.0 for sheet erosion, provided the best fit with the observation data at both sites. Moreover, estimated average SOC redistributions were 1.3&nbsp;±&nbsp;9.8&nbsp;g C&nbsp;m</span><sup>−&nbsp;2</sup><span>&nbsp;yr</span><sup>−&nbsp;1</sup><span> in field site 1 and 3.6&nbsp;±&nbsp;14.3&nbsp;g C&nbsp;m</span><sup>−&nbsp;2</sup><span>&nbsp;yr</span><sup>−&nbsp;1</sup><span> in field site 2. Spatial distribution patterns showed SOC loss (negative values) in the eroded areas and SOC gain (positive value) in the deposition areas. This study demonstrated the importance of the spatial resolution and the topographic exponents to estimate and map soil redistribution and the SOC dynamics throughout the landscape, helping to identify places where erosion and deposition from water and tillage are occurring at high rates. Additional research is needed to improve the application of the model framework for use in local and regional studies where rainfall erosivity and cover management factors vary. Therefore, using this model framework can help to improve the information about the spatial distribution of soil erosion across agricultural landscapes and to gain a better understanding of SOC dynamics within eroding and previously eroded fields.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.05.019","usgsCitation":"Young, C.J., Liu, S., Schumacher, J.A., Schumacher, T.E., Kaspar, T.C., McCarty, G.W., Napton, D., and Jaynes, D.B., 2014, Evaluation of a model framework to estimate soil and soil organic carbon redistribution by water and tillage using <sup>137</sup>Cs in two U.S. Midwest agricultural fields: Geoderma, v. 232-234, p. 437-448, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.05.019.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"437","endPage":"448","ipdsId":"IP-051307","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341883,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","volume":"232-234","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592e84c1e4b092b266f10d71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, Claudia J. 0000-0002-0859-7206 cyoung@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0859-7206","contributorId":2770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Claudia","email":"cyoung@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":696312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Shuguang 0000-0002-6027-3479 sliu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6027-3479","contributorId":147403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Shuguang","email":"sliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schumacher, Joseph A.","contributorId":192364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schumacher","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schumacher, Thomas E.","contributorId":192365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schumacher","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kaspar, Thomas C.","contributorId":192366,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaspar","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McCarty, Gregory W.","contributorId":192367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCarty","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Napton, Darrell","contributorId":176288,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Napton","given":"Darrell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jaynes, Dan B.","contributorId":192368,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaynes","given":"Dan","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70188050,"text":"70188050 - 2014 - Understanding the hydrologic sources and sinks in the Nile Basin using multisource climate and remote sensing data sets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-30T15:10:08","indexId":"70188050","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Understanding the hydrologic sources and sinks in the Nile Basin using multisource climate and remote sensing data sets","docAbstract":"<p><span>In this study, we integrated satellite-drived precipitation and modeled evapotranspiration data (2000–2012) to describe spatial variability of hydrologic sources and sinks in the Nile Basin. Over 2000–2012 period, 4 out of 11 countries (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda) in the Nile Basin showed a positive water balance while three downstream countries (South Sudan, Sudan, and Egypt) showed a negative balance. Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mass deviation in storage data analysis showed that at annual timescales, the Nile Basin storage change is substantial while over longer time periods, it is minimal (&lt;1% of basin precipitation). We also used long-term gridded runoff and river discharge data (1869–1984) to understand the discrepancy in the observed and expected flow along the Nile River. The top three countries that contribute most to the flow are Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Kenya. The study revealed that ∼85% of the runoff generated in the equatorial region is lost in an interstation basin that includes the Sudd wetlands in South Sudan; this proportion is higher than the literature reported loss of 50% at the Sudd wetlands alone. The loss in runoff and flow volume at different sections of the river tend to be more than what can be explained by evaporation losses, suggesting a potential recharge to deeper aquifers that are not connected to the Nile channel systems. On the other hand, we also found that the expected average annual Nile flow at Aswan is greater (97 km</span><sup>3</sup><span>) than the reported amount (84 km</span><sup>3</sup><span>). Due to the large variations of the reported Nile flow at different locations and time periods, the study results indicate the need for increased hydrometeorological instrumentation of the basin. The study also helped improve our understanding of the spatial dynamics of water sources and sinks in the Nile Basin and identified emerging hydrologic questions that require further attention.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/2013WR015231","usgsCitation":"Senay, G., Velpuri, N.M., Bohms, S., Demissie, Y., and Gebremichael, M., 2014, Understanding the hydrologic sources and sinks in the Nile Basin using multisource climate and remote sensing data sets: Water Resources Research, v. 50, no. 11, p. 8625-8650, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013WR015231.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"8625","endPage":"8650","ipdsId":"IP-054002","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472662,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013wr015231","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341873,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Nile Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              23.818359375,\n              -3.688855143147035\n            ],\n            [\n              37.6171875,\n              -3.688855143147035\n            ],\n            [\n              37.6171875,\n              31.57853542647338\n            ],\n            [\n              23.818359375,\n              31.57853542647338\n            ],\n            [\n              23.818359375,\n              -3.688855143147035\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592e84c0e4b092b266f10d6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":166812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Velpuri, Naga Manohar 0000-0002-6370-1926 nvelpuri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6370-1926","contributorId":166813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velpuri","given":"Naga","email":"nvelpuri@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Manohar","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bohms, Stefanie 0000-0002-2979-4655 sbohms@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2979-4655","contributorId":3148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohms","given":"Stefanie","email":"sbohms@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Demissie, Yonas","contributorId":192369,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Demissie","given":"Yonas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gebremichael, Mekonnen","contributorId":147882,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gebremichael","given":"Mekonnen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70188041,"text":"70188041 - 2014 - A suggestion for computing objective function in model calibration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-30T15:57:15","indexId":"70188041","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1457,"text":"Ecological Informatics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A suggestion for computing objective function in model calibration","docAbstract":"<p><span>A parameter-optimization process (model calibration) is usually required for numerical model applications, which involves the use of an objective function to determine the model cost (model-data errors). The sum of square errors (SSR) has been widely adopted as the objective function in various optimization procedures. However, ‘square error’ calculation was found to be more sensitive to extreme or high values. Thus, we proposed that the sum of absolute errors (SAR) may be a better option than SSR for model calibration. To test this hypothesis, we used two case studies—a hydrological model calibration and a biogeochemical model calibration—to investigate the behavior of a group of potential objective functions: SSR, SAR, sum of squared relative deviation (SSRD), and sum of absolute relative deviation (SARD). Mathematical evaluation of model performance demonstrates that ‘absolute error’ (SAR and SARD) are superior to ‘square error’ (SSR and SSRD) in calculating objective function for model calibration, and SAR behaved the best (with the least error and highest efficiency). This study suggests that SSR might be overly used in real applications, and SAR may be a reasonable choice in common optimization implementations without emphasizing either high or low values (e.g., modeling for supporting resources management).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoinf.2014.08.002","usgsCitation":"Wu, Y., and Liu, S., 2014, A suggestion for computing objective function in model calibration: Ecological Informatics, v. 24, p. 107-111, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2014.08.002.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"107","endPage":"111","ipdsId":"IP-058778","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472664,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2014.08.002","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341882,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592e84c2e4b092b266f10d75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wu, Yiping ywu@usgs.gov","contributorId":987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Yiping","email":"ywu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Shuguang 0000-0002-6027-3479 sliu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6027-3479","contributorId":147403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Shuguang","email":"sliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70117161,"text":"70117161 - 2014 - The fungus Trichophyton redellii sp. nov. causes skin infections that resemble white-nose syndrome of hibernating bats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T15:35:43","indexId":"70117161","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The fungus <i>Trichophyton redellii</i> sp. nov. causes skin infections that resemble white-nose syndrome of hibernating bats","title":"The fungus Trichophyton redellii sp. nov. causes skin infections that resemble white-nose syndrome of hibernating bats","docAbstract":"<p><span>Before the discovery of white-nose syndrome (WNS), a fungal disease caused by&nbsp;</span><i>Pseudogymnoascus destructans</i><span>, there were no reports of fungal skin infections in bats during hibernation. In 2011, bats with grossly visible fungal skin infections similar in appearance to WNS were reported from multiple sites in Wisconsin, USA, a state outside the known range of&nbsp;</span><i>P. destructans</i><span>&nbsp;and WNS at that time. Tape impressions or swab samples were collected from affected areas of skin from bats with these fungal infections in 2012 and analyzed by microscopy, culture, or direct DNA amplification and sequencing of the fungal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS). A psychrophilic species of</span><i>Trichophyton</i><span>&nbsp;was isolated in culture, detected by direct DNA amplification and sequencing, and observed on tape impressions. Deoxyribonucleic acid indicative of the same fungus was also detected on three of five bat carcasses collected in 2011 and 2012 from Wisconsin, Indiana, and Texas, USA. Superficial fungal skin infections caused by&nbsp;</span><i>Trichophyton</i><span>&nbsp;sp. were observed in histopathology for all three bats. Sequencing of the ITS of&nbsp;</span><i>Trichophyton</i><span>&nbsp;sp., along with its inability to grow at 25 C, indicated that it represented a previously unknown species, described herein as&nbsp;</span><i>Trichophyton redellii</i><span>&nbsp;sp. nov. Genetic diversity present within&nbsp;</span><i>T. redellii</i><span>&nbsp;suggests it is native to North America but that it had been overlooked before enhanced efforts to study fungi associated with bats in response to the emergence of WNS.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/2014-05-134","usgsCitation":"Lorch, J.M., Minnis, A.M., Meteyer, C.U., Redell, J.A., White, J.P., Kaarakka, H.M., Muller, L.K., Lindner, D.L., Verant, M.L., Shearn-Bochsler, V.I., and Blehert, D., 2014, The fungus Trichophyton redellii sp. nov. causes skin infections that resemble white-nose syndrome of hibernating bats: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 51, no. 1, p. 36-47, https://doi.org/10.7589/2014-05-134.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"36","endPage":"47","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053086","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472673,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/2014-05-134","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296802,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c6ce4b08de9379b37d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lorch, Jeffrey M. 0000-0003-2239-1252 jlorch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2239-1252","contributorId":5565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorch","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlorch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Minnis, Andrew M.","contributorId":10273,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Minnis","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meteyer, Carol U. 0000-0002-4007-3410 cmeteyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4007-3410","contributorId":111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meteyer","given":"Carol","email":"cmeteyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"U.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Redell, Jennifer A.","contributorId":117266,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Redell","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":519081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"White, J. Paul","contributorId":118346,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Paul","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":519082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kaarakka, Heather M.","contributorId":120892,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaarakka","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":519083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Muller, Laura K.","contributorId":81739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muller","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lindner, David L.","contributorId":115500,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindner","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Verant, Michelle L. mverant@usgs.gov","contributorId":5566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verant","given":"Michelle","email":"mverant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Shearn-Bochsler, Valerie I. 0000-0002-5590-6518 vbochsler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5590-6518","contributorId":3234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shearn-Bochsler","given":"Valerie","email":"vbochsler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Blehert, David S. 0000-0002-1065-9760 dblehert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1065-9760","contributorId":1816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blehert","given":"David S.","email":"dblehert@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70192918,"text":"70192918 - 2014 - Demographics of piscivorous colonial waterbirds and management implications for ESA-listed salmonids on the Columbia Plateau","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-07T13:40:38","indexId":"70192918","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Demographics of piscivorous colonial waterbirds and management implications for ESA-listed salmonids on the Columbia Plateau","docAbstract":"<p><span>We investigated colony size, productivity, and limiting factors for five piscivorous waterbird species nesting at 18 locations on the Columbia Plateau (Washington) during 2004–2010 with emphasis on species with a history of salmonid (</span><i>Oncorhynchus</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>spp.) depredation. Numbers of nesting Caspian terns (</span><i>Hydroprogne caspia</i><span>) and double-crested cormorants (</span><i>Phalacrocorax auritus</i><span>) were stable at about 700–1,000 breeding pairs at five colonies and about 1,200–1,500 breeding pairs at four colonies, respectively. Numbers of American white pelicans (</span><i>Pelecanus erythrorhynchos</i><span>) increased at Badger Island, the sole breeding colony for the species on the Columbia Plateau, from about 900 individuals in 2007 to over 2,000 individuals in 2010. Overall numbers of breeding California gulls (</span><i>Larus californicus</i><span>) and ring-billed gulls (</span><i>L. delawarensis</i><span>) declined during the study, mostly because of the abandonment of a large colony in the mid-Columbia River. Three gull colonies below the confluence of the Snake and Columbia rivers increased substantially, however. Factors that may limit colony size and productivity for piscivorous waterbirds nesting on the Columbia Plateau included availability of suitable nesting habitat, interspecific competition for nest sites, predation, gull kleptoparasitism, food availability, and human disturbance. Based on observed population trends alone, there is little reason to project increased impacts to juvenile salmonid survival from tern and cormorant populations. Additional monitoring and evaluation may be warranted to assess future impacts of the growing Badger Island American white pelican colony and those gull colonies located near mainstem dams or associated with Caspian tern colonies where kleptoparasitism is common.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Northwest Scientific Association","doi":"10.3955/046.088.0408","usgsCitation":"Adkins, J.Y., Lyons, D., Loschl, P.J., Roby, D.D., Collis, K., Evans, A.F., and Hostetter, N.J., 2014, Demographics of piscivorous colonial waterbirds and management implications for ESA-listed salmonids on the Columbia Plateau: Northwest Science, v. 88, no. 4, p. 344-359, https://doi.org/10.3955/046.088.0408.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"344","endPage":"359","ipdsId":"IP-043990","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348390,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Columbia Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.31103515625,\n              45.336701909968134\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.91650390625,\n              45.336701909968134\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.91650390625,\n              48.122101028190805\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.31103515625,\n              48.122101028190805\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.31103515625,\n              45.336701909968134\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"88","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07ecf5e4b09af898c8cd38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adkins, Jessica Y.","contributorId":171820,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adkins","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lyons, Donald E.","contributorId":20119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"Donald E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loschl, Peter J.","contributorId":7195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loschl","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roby, Daniel D. 0000-0001-9844-0992 droby@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9844-0992","contributorId":3702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roby","given":"Daniel","email":"droby@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Collis, Ken","contributorId":149991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collis","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17879,"text":"Real Time Research, Inc., 231 SW Scalehouse Loop, Suite 101, Bend, OR 97702","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Evans, Allen F.","contributorId":171691,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans","given":"Allen","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hostetter, Nathan J.","contributorId":171690,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hostetter","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70189369,"text":"70189369 - 2014 - Towards understanding the puzzling lack of acid geothermal springs in Tibet (China): Insight from a comparison with Yellowstone (USA) and some active volcanic hydrothermal systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-08T19:28:34","indexId":"70189369","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Towards understanding the puzzling lack of acid geothermal springs in Tibet (China): Insight from a comparison with Yellowstone (USA) and some active volcanic hydrothermal systems","docAbstract":"<p><span>Explanations for the lack of acid geothermal springs in Tibet are inferred from a comprehensive hydrochemical comparison of Tibetan geothermal waters with those discharged from Yellowstone (USA) and two active volcanic areas, Nevado del Ruiz (Colombia) and Miravalles (Costa Rica) where acid springs are widely distributed and diversified in terms of geochemical characteristic and origin. For the hydrothermal areas investigated in this study, there appears to be a relationship between the depths of magma chambers and the occurrence of acid, chloride-rich springs formed via direct magmatic fluid absorption. Nevado del Ruiz and Miravalles with magma at or very close to the surface (less than 1–2</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>km) exhibit very acidic waters containing HCl and H</span><sub>2</sub><span>SO</span><sub>4</sub><span>. In contrast, the Tibetan hydrothermal systems, represented by Yangbajain, usually have fairly deep-seated magma chambers so that the released acid fluids are much more likely to be fully neutralized during transport to the surface. The absence of steam-heated acid waters in Tibet, however, may be primarily due to the lack of a confining layer (like young impermeable lavas at Yellowstone) to separate geothermal steam from underlying neutral chloride waters and the possible scenario that the deep geothermal fluids below Tibet carry less H</span><sub>2</sub><span>S than those below Yellowstone.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.10.005","usgsCitation":"Nordstrom, D.K., Guo, Q., and McCleskey, R.B., 2014, Towards understanding the puzzling lack of acid geothermal springs in Tibet (China): Insight from a comparison with Yellowstone (USA) and some active volcanic hydrothermal systems: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 288, p. 94-104, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.10.005.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"94","endPage":"104","ipdsId":"IP-055718","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343621,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China, United States","otherGeospatial":"Tibet, Yellowstone National Park","volume":"288","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5965b625e4b0d1f9f05b3848","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":704403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guo, Qinghai","contributorId":194511,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guo","given":"Qinghai","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70150421,"text":"70150421 - 2014 - Environmental stressors afflicting tailwater stream reaches across the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-18T11:48:46","indexId":"70150421","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental stressors afflicting tailwater stream reaches across the United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>The tailwater is the reach of a stream immediately below an impoundment that is hydrologically, physicochemically and biologically altered by the presence and operation of a dam. The overall goal of this study was to gain a nationwide awareness of the issues afflicting tailwater reaches in the United States. Specific objectives included the following: (i) estimate the percentage of reservoirs that support tailwater reaches with environmental conditions suitable for fish assemblages throughout the year, (ii) identify and quantify major sources of environmental stress in those tailwaters that do support fish assemblages and (iii) identify environmental features of tailwater reaches that determine prevalence of key fish taxa. Data were collected through an online survey of fishery managers. Relative to objective 1, 42% of the 1306 reservoirs included in this study had tailwater reaches with sufficient flow to support a fish assemblage throughout the year. The surface area of the reservoir and catchment most strongly delineated reservoirs maintaining tailwater reaches with or without sufficient flow to support a fish assemblage throughout the year. Relative to objective 2, major sources of environmental stress generally reflected flow variables, followed by water quality variables. Relative to objective 3, zoogeography was the primary factor discriminating fish taxa in tailwaters, followed by a wide range of flow and water quality variables. Results for objectives 1&ndash;3 varied greatly among nine geographic regions distributed throughout the continental United States. Our results provide a large-scale view of the effects of reservoirs on tailwater reaches and may help guide research and management needs.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.2705","usgsCitation":"Miranda, L.E., and Krogman, R.M., 2014, Environmental stressors afflicting tailwater stream reaches across the United States: River Research and Applications, v. 30, no. 9, p. 1184-1194, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.2705.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1184","endPage":"1194","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044822","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":302317,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": 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M.","contributorId":143706,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krogman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":556848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70155223,"text":"70155223 - 2014 - Costs and benefits of group living with disease: a case study of pneumonia in bighorn lambs (<i>Ovis canadensis</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-19T10:10:42","indexId":"70155223","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3173,"text":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Costs and benefits of group living with disease: a case study of pneumonia in bighorn lambs (<i>Ovis canadensis</i>)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Group living facilitates pathogen transmission among social hosts, yet temporally stable host social organizations can actually limit transmission of some pathogens. When there are few between-subpopulation contacts for the duration of a disease event, transmission becomes localized to subpopulations. The number of&nbsp;</span><i>per capita</i><span>&nbsp;infectious contacts approaches the subpopulation size as pathogen infectiousness increases. Here, we illustrate that this is the case during epidemics of highly infectious pneumonia in bighorn lambs (</span><i>Ovis canadensis</i><span>). We classified individually marked bighorn ewes into disjoint seasonal subpopulations, and decomposed the variance in lamb survival to weaning into components associated with individual ewes, subpopulations, populations and years. During epidemics, lamb survival varied substantially more between ewe-subpopulations than across populations or years, suggesting localized pathogen transmission. This pattern of lamb survival was not observed during years when disease was absent. Additionally, group sizes in ewe-subpopulations were independent of population size, but the number of ewe-subpopulations increased with population size. Consequently, although one might reasonably assume that force of infection for this highly communicable disease scales with population size, in fact, host social behaviour modulates transmission such that disease is frequency-dependent within populations, and some groups remain protected during epidemic events.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society","publisherLocation":"London","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2014.2331","usgsCitation":"Manlove, K.R., Cassirer, E.F., Cross, P.C., Plowright, R., and Hudson, P., 2014, Costs and benefits of group living with disease: a case study of pneumonia in bighorn lambs (<i>Ovis canadensis</i>): Proceedings of the Royal Society B, v. 281, no. 1797, art20142331, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.2331.","productDescription":"art20142331","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058080","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472851,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.2331","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306916,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"281","issue":"1797","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d5a8ade4b0518e3546a4b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manlove, Kezia R.","contributorId":74651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manlove","given":"Kezia","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cassirer, E. Frances","contributorId":23404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cassirer","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Frances","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cross, Paul C. 0000-0001-8045-5213 pcross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-5213","contributorId":2709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"Paul","email":"pcross@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Plowright, Raina K.","contributorId":23038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plowright","given":"Raina K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hudson, Peter J.","contributorId":85056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Peter J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70142263,"text":"70142263 - 2014 - A sub-national scale geospatial analysis of diamond deposit lootability: the case of the Central African Republic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-19T10:35:39","indexId":"70142263","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3873,"text":"The Extractive Industries and Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A sub-national scale geospatial analysis of diamond deposit lootability: the case of the Central African Republic","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Central African Republic (CAR), a country with rich diamond deposits and a tumultuous political history, experienced a government takeover by the Seleka rebel coalition in 2013. It is within this context that we developed and implemented a geospatial approach for assessing the lootability of high value-to-weight resource deposits, using the case of diamonds in CAR as an example. According to current definitions of lootability, or the vulnerability of deposits to exploitation, CAR's two major diamond deposits are similarly lootable. However, using this geospatial approach, we demonstrate that the deposits experience differing political geographic, spatial location, and cultural geographic contexts, rendering the eastern deposits more lootable than the western deposits. The patterns identified through this detailed analysis highlight the geographic complexities surrounding the issue of conflict resources and lootability, and speak to the importance of examining these topics at the sub-national scale, rather than relying on national-scale statistics.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.exis.2014.07.009","usgsCitation":"Malpeli, K.C., and Chirico, P., 2014, A sub-national scale geospatial analysis of diamond deposit lootability: the case of the Central African Republic: The Extractive Industries and Society, v. 1, no. 2, p. 249-259, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2014.07.009.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"259","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058408","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298751,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Central African Republic","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              14.3701171875,\n              2.174770572211874\n            ],\n            [\n              14.3701171875,\n              11.027472194117946\n            ],\n            [\n              27.509765625,\n              11.027472194117946\n            ],\n            [\n              27.509765625,\n              2.174770572211874\n            ],\n            [\n              14.3701171875,\n              2.174770572211874\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"1","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"550bf328e4b02e76d759cdd8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Malpeli, Katherine C. kmalpeli@usgs.gov","contributorId":4955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malpeli","given":"Katherine","email":"kmalpeli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chirico, Peter G. pchirico@usgs.gov","contributorId":2659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chirico","given":"Peter G.","email":"pchirico@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70147344,"text":"70147344 - 2014 - Analysis of projected water availability with current basin management plan, Pajaro Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-30T10:49:52","indexId":"70147344","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3823,"text":"Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of projected water availability with current basin management plan, Pajaro Valley, California","docAbstract":"<p id=\"sp0010\">The projection and analysis of the Pajaro Valley Hydrologic Model (PVHM) 34&nbsp;years into the future using MODFLOW with the Farm Process (MF-FMP) facilitates assessment of potential future water availability. The projection is facilitated by the integrated hydrologic model, MF-FMP that fully couples the simulation of the use and movement of water from precipitation, streamflow, runoff, groundwater flow, and consumption by natural and agricultural vegetation throughout the hydrologic system at all times. MF-FMP allows for more complete analysis of conjunctive-use water-resource systems than previously possible with MODFLOW by combining relevant aspects of the landscape with the groundwater and surface-water components. This analysis is accomplished using distributed cell-by-cell supply-constrained and demand-driven components across the landscape within &ldquo;water-balance subregions&rdquo; (WBS) comprised of one or more model cells that can represent a single farm, a group of farms, watersheds, or other hydrologic or geopolitical entities. Analysis of conjunctive use would be difficult without embedding the fully coupled supply-and-demand into a fully coupled simulation, and are difficult to estimate a priori.</p>\n<p id=\"sp0015\">The analysis of projected supply and demand for the Pajaro Valley indicate that the current water supply facilities constructed to provide alternative local sources of supplemental water to replace coastal groundwater pumpage, but may not completely eliminate additional overdraft. The simulation of the coastal distribution system (CDS) replicates: 20 miles of conveyance pipeline, managed aquifer recharge and recovery (MARR) system that captures local runoff, and recycled-water treatment facility (RWF) from urban wastewater, along with the use of other blend water supplies, provide partial relief and substitution for coastal pumpage (aka in-lieu recharge). The effects of these Basin Management Plan (BMP) projects were analyzed subject to historical climate variations and assumptions of 2009 urban water demand and land use. Water supplied directly from precipitation, and indirectly from reuse, captured local runoff, and groundwater is necessary but inadequate to satisfy agricultural demand without coastal and regional storage depletion that facilitates seawater intrusion. These facilities reduce potential seawater intrusion by about 45% with groundwater levels in the four regions served by the CDS projected to recover to levels a few feet above sea level. The projected recoveries are not high enough to prevent additional seawater intrusion during dry-year periods or in the deeper aquifers where pumpage is greater. While these facilities could reduce coastal pumpage by about 55% of the historical 2000&ndash;2009 pumpage for these regions, and some of the water is delivered in excess of demand, other coastal regions continue to create demands on coastal pumpage that will need to be replaced to reduce seawater intrusion. In addition, inland urban and agricultural demands continue to sustain water levels below sea level causing regional landward gradients that also drive seawater intrusion. Seawater intrusion is reduced by about 45% but it supplies about 55% of the recovery of groundwater levels in the coastal regions served by the CDS. If economically feasible, water from summer agricultural runoff and tile-drain returnflows could be another potential local source of water that, if captured and reused, could offset the imbalance between supply and demand as well as reducing discharge of agricultural runoff into the National Marine Sanctuary of Monterey Bay. A BMP update (2012) identifies projects and programs that will fund a conservation program and will provide additional, alternative water sources to reduce or replace coastal and inland pumpage, and to replenish the aquifers with managed aquifer recharge in an inland portion of the Pajaro Valley.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.07.005","usgsCitation":"Hanson, R.T., Lockwood, B., and Schmid, W., 2014, Analysis of projected water availability with current basin management plan, Pajaro Valley, California: Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, v. 519, no. A, p. 131-147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.07.005.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"147","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-041544","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299982,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Pajaro Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.84112548828125,\n              36.797739040981085\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.84112548828125,\n              36.89005557519409\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.70654296874999,\n              36.89005557519409\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.70654296874999,\n              36.797739040981085\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.84112548828125,\n              36.797739040981085\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"519","issue":"A","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55435229e4b0a658d794149f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanson, Randall T. 0000-0002-9819-7141 rthanson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9819-7141","contributorId":801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Randall","email":"rthanson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lockwood, Brian","contributorId":80202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockwood","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmid, Wolfgang","contributorId":84020,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmid","given":"Wolfgang","affiliations":[{"id":13040,"text":"Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70147362,"text":"70147362 - 2014 - The impact of static stress change, dynamic stress change, and the background stress on aftershock focal mechanisms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-30T10:28:03","indexId":"70147362","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The impact of static stress change, dynamic stress change, and the background stress on aftershock focal mechanisms","docAbstract":"<p><span>The focal mechanisms of earthquakes in Southern California before and after four&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><span>&thinsp;&ge;&thinsp;6.7 main shocks provide insight into how fault systems respond to stress and changes in stress. The main shock static stress changes have two observed impacts on the seismicity: changing the focal mechanisms in a given location to favor those aligned with the static stress change and changing the spatial distribution of seismicity to favor locations where the static stress change aligns with the background stress. The aftershock focal mechanisms are significantly aligned with the static stress changes for absolute stress changes of &ge;&thinsp;0.02&thinsp;MPa, for up to ~20&thinsp;years following the main shock. The dynamic stress changes have similar, although smaller, effects on the local focal mechanisms and the spatial seismicity distribution. Dynamic stress effects are best observed at long periods (30&ndash;60&thinsp;s) and for metrics based on repeated stress cycling in the same direction. This implies that dynamic triggering operates, at least in part, through cyclic shear stress loading in the direction of fault slip. The background stress also strongly controls both the preshock and aftershock mechanisms. While most aftershock mechanisms are well oriented in the background stress field, 10% of aftershocks are identified as poorly oriented outliers, which may indicate limited heterogeneity in the postmain shock stress field. The fault plane orientations of the outliers are well oriented in the background stress, while their slip directions are not, implying that the background stress restricts the distribution of available fault planes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014JB011533","usgsCitation":"Hardebeck, J.L., 2014, The impact of static stress change, dynamic stress change, and the background stress on aftershock focal mechanisms: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 119, no. 11, p. 8239-8266, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011533.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"8239","endPage":"8266","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059150","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472845,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jb011533","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":299981,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.091796875,\n              34.043556504127444\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.091796875,\n              34.58799745550482\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.114013671875,\n              34.58799745550482\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.114013671875,\n              34.043556504127444\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.091796875,\n              34.043556504127444\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.883544921875,\n              33.8521697014074\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.883544921875,\n              35.092945313732635\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.916748046875,\n              35.092945313732635\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.916748046875,\n              33.8521697014074\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.883544921875,\n              33.8521697014074\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -115.77392578125,\n              32.667124733120325\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.77392578125,\n              32.95336814579932\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.4443359375,\n              32.95336814579932\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.4443359375,\n              32.667124733120325\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.77392578125,\n              32.667124733120325\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"119","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55435235e4b0a658d79414b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hardebeck, Jeanne L. 0000-0002-6737-7780 jhardebeck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6737-7780","contributorId":841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardebeck","given":"Jeanne","email":"jhardebeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70144592,"text":"70144592 - 2014 - Productivity of forest birds at Hakalau Forest NWR","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T12:33:34","indexId":"70144592","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":414,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"seriesNumber":"HCSU-056","title":"Productivity of forest birds at Hakalau Forest NWR","docAbstract":"<p>Hawai&lsquo;i has some of the most endangered avian species in the world, which face numerous threats from habitat loss, disease, climate change, and introduced species. This report details the results of a two-year productivity study of all forest bird species at Hakalau National Wildlife Refuge, Hawai&lsquo;i Island. We found and monitored nests from seven native species and three common non-native species of forest birds at three sites across the refuge. In addition to gathering important baseline information on productivity of forest birds, we examined differences in productivity between years, sites, and as a function of nest height. The weather differed greatly between the two years, with much more rain occurring in 2014. The daily survival rate (DSR) of nests was found to have an inverse relationship with the amount of rainfall, and accordingly was much lower in 2014 compared to 2013. Nest success was lower at a regenerating forest site compared with mature rainforest, indicating negative environmental factors affecting nest success may be exacerbated in reforested areas which have lower canopies. Nest success was also impacted by nest height, with a positive relationship in the drier 2013, and a negative relationship in 2014 for the canopy nesting honeycreepers. The large difference in weather and DSR between years illustrates the need for long term demographic studies that can capture the vital rates of this community of birds.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Hawaii at Hilo","usgsCitation":"Paxton, E., Cummins, G.C., and Kendall, S.J., 2014, Productivity of forest birds at Hakalau Forest NWR: Technical Report HCSU-056, iii., 21 p.","productDescription":"iii., 21 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060862","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312049,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":299177,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://hilo.hawaii.edu/hcsu/documents/HCSU_TR56_Paxton_Hakalau_Productivity.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.34393310546875,\n              19.93720533223859\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.34942626953125,\n              19.68138413000096\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.13519287109375,\n              19.696900138883947\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.17089843749997,\n              19.944951054874952\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.29449462890622,\n              19.973348786110602\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.335693359375,\n              19.970767385432207\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.34393310546875,\n              19.95527809397557\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.34393310546875,\n              19.93720533223859\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56680d4fe4b06a3ea36c8e33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paxton, Eben H. 0000-0001-5578-7689 epaxton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-7689","contributorId":438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paxton","given":"Eben H.","email":"epaxton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":543740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cummins, George C","contributorId":140011,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cummins","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"C","affiliations":[{"id":13355,"text":"Volunteer, USGS Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kendall, Steven J.","contributorId":30911,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kendall","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70155250,"text":"70155250 - 2014 - A seasonal agricultural drought forecast system for food-insecure regions of East Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T11:29:02","indexId":"70155250","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1928,"text":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A seasonal agricultural drought forecast system for food-insecure regions of East Africa","docAbstract":"<p><span>&nbsp;The increasing food and water demands of East Africa's growing population are stressing the region's inconsistent water resources and rain-fed agriculture. More accurate seasonal agricultural drought forecasts for this region can inform better water and agricultural management decisions, support optimal allocation of the region's water resources, and mitigate socio-economic losses incurred by droughts and floods. Here we describe the development and implementation of a seasonal agricultural drought forecast system for East Africa (EA) that provides decision support for the Famine Early Warning Systems Network's science team. We evaluate this forecast system for a region of equatorial EA (2&deg; S to 8&deg; N, and 36&deg; to 46&deg; E) for the March-April-May growing season. This domain encompasses one of the most food insecure, climatically variable and socio-economically vulnerable regions in EA, and potentially the world: this region has experienced famine as recently as 2011.&nbsp;</span><br /><br /><span>To assess the agricultural outlook for the upcoming season our forecast system simulates soil moisture (SM) scenarios using the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrologic model forced with climate scenarios for the upcoming season. First, to show that the VIC model is appropriate for this application we forced the model with high quality atmospheric observations and found that the resulting SM values were consistent with the Food and Agriculture Organization's (FAO's) Water Requirement Satisfaction Index (WRSI), an index used by FEWS NET to estimate crop yields. Next we tested our forecasting system with hindcast runs (1993&ndash;2012). We found that initializing SM forecasts with start-of-season (5 March) SM conditions resulted in useful SM forecast skill (&gt; 0.5 correlation) at 1-month, and in some cases at 3 month lead times. Similarly, when the forecast was initialized with mid-season (i.e. 5 April) SM conditions the skill until the end-of-season improved. This shows that early-season rainfall is critical for end-of-season outcomes. Finally we show that, in terms of forecasting spatial patterns of SM anomalies, the skill of this agricultural drought forecast system is generally greater (&gt; 0.8 correlation) during drought years. This means that this system might be particularity useful for identifying the events that present the greatest risk to the region.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/hessd-11-3049-2014","usgsCitation":"Shukla, S., McNally, A., Husak, G., and Funk, C.C., 2014, A seasonal agricultural drought forecast system for food-insecure regions of East Africa: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, v. 11, p. 3049-3081, https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-3049-2014.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"3049","endPage":"3081","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055486","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488387,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-3049-2014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306851,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d4572be4b0518e3546949c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shukla, Shraddhanand","contributorId":145802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shukla","given":"Shraddhanand","affiliations":[{"id":16236,"text":"UCSB Climate Hazards Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McNally, Amy","contributorId":145810,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McNally","given":"Amy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16236,"text":"UCSB Climate Hazards Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Husak, Gregory","contributorId":145811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Husak","given":"Gregory","affiliations":[{"id":16236,"text":"UCSB Climate Hazards Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Funk, Christopher C. 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Christopher","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":565366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70144593,"text":"70144593 - 2014 - Distribution and prevalence of knemidokoptic mange in Hawai`i `Amakihi on the island of Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T12:33:08","indexId":"70144593","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":414,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"seriesNumber":"HCSU-055","title":"Distribution and prevalence of knemidokoptic mange in Hawai`i `Amakihi on the island of Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p>Knemidokoptic mange was first observed on two Hawai&lsquo;i &lsquo;Amakihi (Hemignathus virens) mist netted in Manuka Natural Area Reserve (NAR) on the Island of Hawai&lsquo;i in June 2007. Microscopic examination of skin scrapings from lesions of the infested individuals revealed the scaley-leg mite, Knemidokoptes jamaicensis. Continued surveillance at Manuka NAR (2007-2009) documented a 24% (15/63) prevalence of mange among Hawai&lsquo;i &lsquo;Amakihi distributed from coastal habitat to 1,500 m above sea level (asl). From 2012-2014, we conducted an island-wide survey of wild passerine birds from several leeward sites (Manuka NAR, Kahuku Unit of Hawai&lsquo;i Volcanoes National Park (HAVO), Pu&lsquo;u Wa&lsquo;awa&lsquo;a Forest Bird Sanctuary, and Kipahoehoe NAR) and windward sites (Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge, &lsquo;Ᾱinahou Ranch of HAVO, Malama Ki Forest Reserve, and Keauohana Forest Reserve) to determine the current distribution and host range of knemidokoptic mange. We also determined the prevalence of malaria in Hawai&lsquo;i &lsquo;Amakihi populations where mange was present and treated a subset of infested Hawai&lsquo;i &lsquo;Amakihi mange with a single, topical dose of moxidectin. We mist netted and examined a total of 1,734 passerines, including 738 Hawai&lsquo;i &lsquo;Amakihi. Mange was present in Hawai&lsquo;i &lsquo;Amakihi at Manuka NAR (595 and 305 m asl), Kahuku Ranch Unit of HAVO (Glover site: 1,201 m asl and Kipuka Akala site: 1,532 m asl), Malama Ki Forest Reserve and Keauohana Forest Reserve (293 m asl). No other passerine birds (n = 995) were infected. Mange prevalence ranged from a high of 69% (40/58) in Keauohana Forest Reserve to a low of 2% (1/65) in the Kahuku Ranch Unit of HAVO (Kipuka Akala). At Manuka NAR prevalence had decreased from 26% in 2010 to 10% (7/81) in 2012&ndash;2014. We found no significant relationship between the prevalence of mange and the prevalence of avian malaria in mesic habitats at Manuka NAR (P = 0.59 (FET, n = 81)), but there was a significant association between the prevalence of mange and the prevalence of malaria in lowland wet forests in Puna Forest Reserves (P &lt; 0.01 (FET, n = 72)). This apparent association may be a reflection of the high prevalence of malaria (&gt;80%) in these areas. There was no difference in the frequency of recapture of birds that were infested versus un-infested at first capture at our long-term sites (Manuka NAR and Puna sites) (&chi;2(1, n = 227) = 1.51, P = 0.22, but when all sites with mange present were pooled, there was a significant difference in the frequency of recaptures between infested and un-infested birds (&chi;2(1, n = 424) = 7.13, P = 0.01). There was a significant association between parasitemia level (per 10,000 RBCs) and the ranked stage of mange present in infested individuals. We treated 24 Hawai&lsquo;i &lsquo;Amakihi with moxidectin and upon recapture (n = 2), found a reduction in both the size and stage of mange lesions, such that a single dose, topical treatment of moxidectin appears to be an effective treatment for knemidokoptic mange in wild populations. Our results suggest that knemidokoptic mange is currently limited to Hawai&lsquo;i &lsquo;Amakihi and prevalent in low elevation sites on both the windward and leeward sides of the island.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Hawaii at Hilo","publisherLocation":"Hilo, Hi","usgsCitation":"Gaudioso, J., LaPointe, D., Atkinson, C.T., and Apelgren, C., 2014, Distribution and prevalence of knemidokoptic mange in Hawai`i `Amakihi on the island of Hawaii: Technical Report HCSU-055, iv, 25 p.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060888","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312045,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Island of Hawai‘i","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n  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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":543744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Atkinson, Carter T. 0000-0002-4232-5335 catkinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4232-5335","contributorId":1124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkinson","given":"Carter","email":"catkinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Apelgren, Chloe","contributorId":140012,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Apelgren","given":"Chloe","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13356,"text":"University of Hawaii, Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70139630,"text":"70139630 - 2014 - Population viability of <i>Pediocactus brady</i> (Cactaceae) in a changing climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-29T10:31:24","indexId":"70139630","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":724,"text":"American Journal of Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population viability of <i>Pediocactus brady</i> (Cactaceae) in a changing climate","docAbstract":"<p>&bull;&nbsp;<i>Premise of the study:</i>&nbsp;A key question concerns the vulnerability of desert species adapted to harsh, variable climates to future climate change. Evaluating this requires coupling long-term demographic models with information on past and projected future climates. We investigated climatic drivers of population growth using a 22-yr demographic model for&nbsp;<i>Pediocactus bradyi</i>, an endangered cactus in northern Arizona.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>&bull;&nbsp;<i>Methods:</i>&nbsp;We used a matrix model to calculate stochastic population growth rates (&lambda;<sub>s</sub>) and the relative influences of life-cycle transitions on population growth. Regression models linked population growth with climatic variability, while stochastic simulations were used to (1) understand how predicted increases in drought frequency and extreme precipitation would affect &lambda;<sub>s</sub>, and (2) quantify variability in &lambda;<sub>s</sub>&nbsp;based on temporal replication of data.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>&bull;&nbsp;<i>Key results:</i>&nbsp;Overall &lambda;<sub>s</sub>&nbsp;was below unity (0.961). Population growth was equally influenced by fecundity and survival and significantly correlated with increased annual precipitation and higher winter temperatures. Stochastic simulations increasing the probability of drought and extreme precipitation reduced &lambda;<sub>s</sub>, but less than simulations increasing the probability of drought alone. Simulations varying the temporal replication of data suggested 14 yr were required for accurate &lambda;<sub>s</sub>&nbsp;estimates.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>&bull;&nbsp;<i>Conclusions: Pediocactus bradyi</i>&nbsp;may be vulnerable to increases in the frequency and intensity of extreme climatic events, particularly drought. Biotic interactions resulting in low survival during drought years outweighed increased seedling establishment following heavy precipitation. Climatic extremes beyond historical ranges of variability may threaten rare desert species with low population growth rates and therefore high susceptibility to stochastic events.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Botanical Society of America","doi":"10.3732/ajb.1400035","usgsCitation":"Shryock, D.F., Esque, T., and Huges, L., 2014, Population viability of <i>Pediocactus brady</i> (Cactaceae) in a changing climate: American Journal of Botany, v. 101, no. 11, p. 1944-1953, https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1400035.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1944","endPage":"1953","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053992","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472668,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1400035","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297604,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.873046875,\n              31.653381399664\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.873046875,\n              36.949891786813296\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.072265625,\n              36.949891786813296\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.072265625,\n              31.653381399664\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.873046875,\n              31.653381399664\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"101","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c28e4b08de9379b3673","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shryock, Daniel F. dshryock@usgs.gov","contributorId":5139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shryock","given":"Daniel","email":"dshryock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Esque, Todd C. tesque@usgs.gov","contributorId":3221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"Todd C.","email":"tesque@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huges, Lee","contributorId":138963,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huges","given":"Lee","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12596,"text":"Retired, BLM, AZ Strip Field Office, St George, UT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70120714,"text":"70120714 - 2014 - Holocene earthquakes and right-lateral slip on the left-lateral Darrington-Devils Mountain fault zone, northern Puget Sound, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-26T13:33:58","indexId":"70120714","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene earthquakes and right-lateral slip on the left-lateral Darrington-Devils Mountain fault zone, northern Puget Sound, Washington","docAbstract":"<p><span>Sources of seismic hazard in the Puget Sound region of northwestern Washington include deep earthquakes associated with the Cascadia subduction zone, and shallow earthquakes associated with some of the numerous crustal (upper-plate) faults that crisscross the region. Our paleoseismic investigations on one of the more prominent crustal faults, the Darrington&ndash;Devils Mountain fault zone, included trenching of fault scarps developed on latest Pleistocene glacial sediments and analysis of cores from an adjacent wetland near Lake Creek, 14 km southeast of Mount Vernon, Washington. Trench excavations revealed evidence of a single earthquake, radiocarbon dated to ca. 2 ka, but extensive burrowing and root mixing of sediments within 50&ndash;100 cm of the ground surface may have destroyed evidence of other earthquakes. Cores in a small wetland adjacent to our trench site provided stratigraphic evidence (formation of a laterally extensive, prograding wedge of hillslope colluvium) of an earthquake ca. 2 ka, which we interpret to be the same earthquake documented in the trenches. A similar colluvial wedge lower in the wetland section provides possible evidence for a second earthquake dated to ca. 8 ka. Three-dimensional trenching techniques revealed evidence for 2.2 &plusmn; 1.1 m of right-lateral offset of a glacial outwash channel margin, and 45&ndash;70 cm of north-side-up vertical separation across the fault zone. These offsets indicate a net slip vector of 2.3 &plusmn; 1.1 m, plunging 14&deg; west on a 286&deg;-striking, 90&deg;-dipping fault plane. The dominant right-lateral sense of slip is supported by the presence of numerous Riedel R shears preserved in two of our trenches, and probable right-lateral offset of a distinctive bedrock fault zone in a third trench. Holocene north-side-up, right-lateral oblique slip is opposite the south-side-up, left-lateral oblique sense of slip inferred from geologic mapping of Eocene and older rocks along the fault zone. The cause of this slip reversal is unknown but may be related to clockwise rotation of the Darrington&ndash;Devils Mountain fault zone into a position more favorable to right-lateral slip in the modern N-S compressional stress field.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES01067.1","usgsCitation":"Personius, S.F., Briggs, R.W., Nelson, A.R., Schermer, E.R., Maharrey, J.Z., Sherrod, B.L., Spaulding, S.A., and Bradley, L., 2014, Holocene earthquakes and right-lateral slip on the left-lateral Darrington-Devils Mountain fault zone, northern Puget Sound, Washington: Geosphere, v. 10, no. 6, p. 1482-1500, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01067.1.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1482","endPage":"1500","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059226","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472667,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges01067.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297530,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.46435546875,\n              48.93693495409401\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.10205078125,\n              48.90805939965008\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.14599609375001,\n              47.27922900257082\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.02490234375,\n              47.2195681123155\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.46435546875,\n              48.93693495409401\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2bc6e4b08de9379b34c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Personius, Stephen F. personius@usgs.gov","contributorId":1214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Personius","given":"Stephen","email":"personius@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Briggs, Richard W. 0000-0001-8108-0046 rbriggs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8108-0046","contributorId":4136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Richard","email":"rbriggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, Alan R. 0000-0001-7117-7098 anelson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7117-7098","contributorId":812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Alan","email":"anelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schermer, Elizabeth R","contributorId":115146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schermer","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"R","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Maharrey, J. Zebulon","contributorId":116234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maharrey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Zebulon","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sherrod, Brian L. 0000-0002-4492-8631 bsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4492-8631","contributorId":2834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"Brian","email":"bsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Spaulding, Sarah A. 0000-0002-9787-7743 sspaulding@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9787-7743","contributorId":1157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spaulding","given":"Sarah","email":"sspaulding@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bradley, Lee-Ann bradley@usgs.gov","contributorId":1141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Lee-Ann","email":"bradley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70155249,"text":"70155249 - 2014 - Predicting East African spring droughts using Pacific and Indian Ocean sea surface temperature indices","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T11:29:34","indexId":"70155249","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1928,"text":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting East African spring droughts using Pacific and Indian Ocean sea surface temperature indices","docAbstract":"<p>In southern Ethiopia, Eastern Kenya, and southern Somalia poor boreal spring rains in 1999, 2000, 2004, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2011 contributed to severe food insecurity and high levels of malnutrition. Predicting rainfall deficits in this region on seasonal and decadal time frames can help decision makers support disaster risk reduction while guiding climate-smart adaptation and agricultural development. Building on recent research that links more frequent droughts to a stronger Walker Circulation, warming in the Indo-Pacific warm pool, and an increased western Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) gradient, we explore the dominant modes of East African rainfall variability, links between these modes and sea surface temperatures, and a simple index-based monitoring-prediction system suitable for drought early warning.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"EGU","doi":"10.5194/hessd-11-3111-2014","collaboration":"Andrew Hoell; Shraddhanand Shukla; Ileana Blade Mendoza; Brant Liebmann; Jason B. Roberts; Franklin R. Robertson; Gregory Husak","usgsCitation":"Funk, C.C., Hoell, A., Shukla, S., Blade, I., Liebmann, B., Roberts, J., and Robertson, F.R., 2014, Predicting East African spring droughts using Pacific and Indian Ocean sea surface temperature indices: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, v. 11, p. 3111-3136, https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-3111-2014.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"3111","endPage":"3136","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055482","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472670,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-3111-2014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306849,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d45733e4b0518e354694e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Funk, Christopher C. 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Christopher","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":565359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoell, Andrew","contributorId":145805,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoell","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":16236,"text":"UCSB Climate Hazards Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shukla, Shraddhanand","contributorId":145802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shukla","given":"Shraddhanand","affiliations":[{"id":16236,"text":"UCSB Climate Hazards Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blade, Ileana","contributorId":145806,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blade","given":"Ileana","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16237,"text":"Institut Catala de Ciencies del Clima","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liebmann, Brant","contributorId":145807,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liebmann","given":"Brant","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16238,"text":"NOAA Earth Systems Research Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roberts, Jason B.","contributorId":145808,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roberts","given":"Jason B.","affiliations":[{"id":16239,"text":"NASA Marshall Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Robertson, Franklin R.","contributorId":145809,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robertson","given":"Franklin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":16239,"text":"NASA Marshall Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70135808,"text":"70135808 - 2014 - On-orbit performance of the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-21T15:57:22","indexId":"70135808","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"On-orbit performance of the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Landsat 8 satellite was launched on February 11, 2013, to systematically collect multispectral images for detection and quantitative analysis of changes on the Earth’s surface. The collected data are stored at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center and continue the longest archive of medium resolution Earth images. There are two imaging instruments onboard the satellite: the Operational Land Imager (OLI) and the Thermal InfraRed Sensor (TIRS). This paper summarizes radiometric performance of the OLI including the bias stability, the system noise, saturation and other artifacts observed in its data during the first 1.5 years on orbit. Detector noise levels remain low and Signal-To-Noise Ratio high, largely exceeding the requirements. Impulse noise and saturation are present in imagery, but have negligible effect on Landsat 8 products. Oversaturation happens occasionally, but the affected detectors quickly restore their nominal responsivity. Overall, the OLI performs very well on orbit and provides high quality products to the user community. © (2014) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proc. SPIE 9218, Earth Observing Systems XIX","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Earth Observing Systems XIX","conferenceDate":"August 17, 2014","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","publisher":"SPIE","doi":"10.1117/12.2063338","usgsCitation":"Micijevic, E., Vanderwerff, K., Scaramuzza, P., Morfitt, R., Barsi, J.A., and Levy, R., 2014, On-orbit performance of the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager, <i>in</i> Proc. SPIE 9218, Earth Observing Systems XIX, v. 9218, San Diego, CA, August 17, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2063338.","ipdsId":"IP-059265","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340096,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9218","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58fb1a4fe4b0c3010a8087d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Micijevic, Esad 0000-0002-3828-9239 emicijevic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3828-9239","contributorId":3075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Micijevic","given":"Esad","email":"emicijevic@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vanderwerff, Kelly kvanderwerff@usgs.gov","contributorId":4617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vanderwerff","given":"Kelly","email":"kvanderwerff@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scaramuzza, Pat 0000-0002-2616-8456 pscar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2616-8456","contributorId":3970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scaramuzza","given":"Pat","email":"pscar@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morfitt, Ron 0000-0002-4777-4877 rmorfitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4777-4877","contributorId":4097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morfitt","given":"Ron","email":"rmorfitt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barsi, Julia A.","contributorId":71822,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barsi","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12721,"text":"NASA GSFC SSAI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":536885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Levy, Raviv","contributorId":131008,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Levy","given":"Raviv","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7209,"text":"SSAI / NASA / GSFC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":536886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70135897,"text":"70135897 - 2014 - Prevalence of the amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) at Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge, Arizona, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-19T15:23:04","indexId":"70135897","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prevalence of the amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) at Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge, Arizona, USA","docAbstract":"<p>Information on disease presence can be of use to natural resource managers, especially in areas supporting threatened and endangered species that occur coincidentally with species that are suspected vectors for disease. Ad hoc reports may be of limited utility (Muths et al. 2009), but a general sense of pathogen presence (or absence) can inform management directed at T&amp;E species, especially in regions where disease is suspected to have caused population declines (Bradley et al. 2002). The Chiricahua Leopard Frog (Lithobates chiricahuensis), a species susceptible to infection by the amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, Bd) (Bradley et al. 2002), and the non-native, invasive American Bullfrog (L. catesbeianus), a suspected vector for chytridiomycosis (Schloegel et al. 2012, Gervasi et al. 2013), both occur at Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge (BANWR) and surrounding lands in southern Arizona. Efforts to eradicate the bullfrog from BANWR began in 1997 (Suhre, 2010). Eradication from the southern portion of BANWR was successful by 2008 but the bullfrog remains present at the Arivaca Cienega and in areas immediately adjacent to the refuge (Fig. 1). Curtailing the re-invasion of the bullfrog into BANWR will require vigilance as to ensure the health of Chiricahua Leopard Frog populations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","usgsCitation":"Sigafus, B.H., Hossack, B.R., Muths, E.L., and Schwalbe, C.R., 2014, Prevalence of the amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) at Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge, Arizona, USA: Herpetological Review, v. 45, no. 1, p. 41-42.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"42","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045618","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296829,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":296828,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.zenscientist.com/index.php/filedrawer/func-finishdown/2150/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.52496337890625,\n              31.367708915120826\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.52496337890625,\n              31.828565514766165\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.10061645507812,\n              31.828565514766165\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.10061645507812,\n              31.367708915120826\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.52496337890625,\n              31.367708915120826\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"45","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c2ce4b08de9379b3685","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sigafus, Brent H. 0000-0002-7422-8927 bsigafus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7422-8927","contributorId":4534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sigafus","given":"Brent","email":"bsigafus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hossack, Blake R. 0000-0001-7456-9564 blake_hossack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7456-9564","contributorId":1177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossack","given":"Blake","email":"blake_hossack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muths, Erin L. 0000-0002-5498-3132 muthse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5498-3132","contributorId":1260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"Erin","email":"muthse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schwalbe, Cecil R. cschwalbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":3077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwalbe","given":"Cecil","email":"cschwalbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70136277,"text":"70136277 - 2014 - Does lake size matter? Combining morphology and process modeling to examine the contribution of lake classes to population-scale processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-19T09:14:55","indexId":"70136277","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1999,"text":"Inland Waters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Does lake size matter? Combining morphology and process modeling to examine the contribution of lake classes to population-scale processes","docAbstract":"<p>With lake abundances in the thousands to millions, creating an intuitive understanding of the distribution of morphology and processes in lakes is challenging. To improve researchers&rsquo; understanding of large-scale lake processes, we developed a parsimonious mathematical model based on the Pareto distribution to describe the distribution of lake morphology (area, perimeter and volume). While debate continues over which mathematical representation best fits any one distribution of lake morphometric characteristics, we recognize the need for a simple, flexible model to advance understanding of how the interaction between morphometry and function dictates scaling across large populations of lakes. These models make clear the relative contribution of lakes to the total amount of lake surface area, volume, and perimeter. They also highlight the critical thresholds at which total perimeter, area and volume would be evenly distributed across lake size-classes have Pareto slopes of 0.63, 1 and 1.12, respectively. These models of morphology can be used in combination with models of process to create overarching &ldquo;lake population&rdquo; level models of process. To illustrate this potential, we combine the model of surface area distribution with a model of carbon mass accumulation rate. We found that even if smaller lakes contribute relatively less to total surface area than larger lakes, the increasing carbon accumulation rate with decreasing lake size is strong enough to bias the distribution of carbon mass accumulation towards smaller lakes. This analytical framework provides a relatively simple approach to upscaling morphology and process that is easily generalizable to other ecosystem processes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Freshwater Biological Association","doi":"10.5268/IW-5.1.740","usgsCitation":"Winslow, L.A., Read, J.S., Hanson, P.C., and Stanley, E.H., 2014, Does lake size matter? Combining morphology and process modeling to examine the contribution of lake classes to population-scale processes: Inland Waters, v. 5, p. 7-14, https://doi.org/10.5268/IW-5.1.740.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"7","endPage":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051175","costCenters":[{"id":160,"text":"Center for Integrated Data Analytics","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306908,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d5a8aee4b0518e3546a4bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winslow, Luke A. 0000-0002-8602-5510 lwinslow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8602-5510","contributorId":5919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winslow","given":"Luke","email":"lwinslow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Read, Jordan S. 0000-0002-3888-6631 jread@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3888-6631","contributorId":4453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Read","given":"Jordan","email":"jread@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":160,"text":"Center for Integrated Data Analytics","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hanson, Paul C.","contributorId":35634,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hanson","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12951,"text":"Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stanley, Emily H.","contributorId":55725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stanley","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":12951,"text":"Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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