{"pageNumber":"1334","pageRowStart":"33325","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46734,"records":[{"id":70018925,"text":"70018925 - 1995 - Sediment resuspension mechanisms in Old Tampa Bay, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-03T15:12:47.938555","indexId":"70018925","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment resuspension mechanisms in Old Tampa Bay, Florida","docAbstract":"<p><span>The mechanisms that resuspend bottom sediments in Old Tampa Bay, a shallow, microtidal, subtropical estuary in west-central Florida, were determined by analysing data collected during several periods from 1988 to 1990. Hydrodynamic and suspended-solids concentration data were collected at a relatively deep (4</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m) site where a permanent platform was built and at a relatively shallow (1·5</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m) site where a submersible instrument package was deployed. Bottom sediments were non-cohesive silts and fine sands. The primary sediment resuspension mechanism at both sites was wind waves, which were generated by strong and sustained winds associated with winter storms and tropical storms. At the platform, waves were depth-transitional, and estimated bottom shear stresses were most sensitive to wave period and water depth. Concentrations of suspended solids at this site corresponded well with wave motion, and non-linear wave-current interaction was small. At the shallow-water site, concentrations of suspended solids were elevated during periods of strong north-easterly winds and large bottom orbital velocities. At both sites, wind direction was an important factor in determining the occurrence and magnitude of sediment resuspension. Resuspended sediments settled within several hours as storm intensity diminished. Winds and waves generated by thunderstorms were more transient than those generated by winter storms and tropical storms. Based on the data collected during this study, thunderstorms are less likely to resuspend bottom sediment than winter storms and tropical storms. Maximum tidal currents at the study sites are usually less than 15</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>cm s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>and did not increase observed concentrations of suspended solids.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/ecss.1995.0041","usgsCitation":"Schoellhamer, D., 1995, Sediment resuspension mechanisms in Old Tampa Bay, Florida: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 40, no. 6, p. 603-620, https://doi.org/10.1006/ecss.1995.0041.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"603","endPage":"620","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226483,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Old Tampa Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n       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-82.60192561141936,\n              27.845589642350276\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.592732139993,\n              27.829330512698263\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.52908503011928,\n              27.842463075881383\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b89bae4b08c986b316e7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoellhamer, D. H. 0000-0001-9488-7340","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":85624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70018927,"text":"70018927 - 1995 - Hydrologic effects of increased urbanization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:13","indexId":"70018927","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Hydrologic effects of increased urbanization","docAbstract":"Urban areas in Perris Valley, California, have more than tripled during the last 20 years, resulting in increased storm-runoff volumes and peak discharges. To quantify the effects of increased urbanization, rainfall-runoff models of the basin were developed to simulate runoff for 1970-75 and 1990-93 conditions. Hourly rainfall data for 1949-93 were used with the rainfall-runoff models to simulate a long-term record of storm runoff. The hydrologic effects of increased urbanization from 1970-75 to 1990-93 conditions were analyzed by comparing the frequency of annual peak discharges and runoff volumes, and a duration analysis of storm peak discharges. The maximum annual-peak discharge for the 1990-93 model simulation was 32 percent higher than the discharge for 1970-75 model simulation. However, the frequency analysis of each time series indicated the 100-year peak discharges for each study period were identical.","largerWorkTitle":"International Water Resources Engineering Conference - Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Water Resources. Part 1 (of 2)","conferenceDate":"14 August 1995 through 18 August 1995","conferenceLocation":"San Antonio, TX, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"Guay, J.R., 1995, Hydrologic effects of increased urbanization, <i>in</i> International Water Resources Engineering Conference - Proceedings, v. 2, San Antonio, TX, USA, 14 August 1995 through 18 August 1995, p. 1193-1197.","startPage":"1193","endPage":"1197","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226485,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3618e4b0c8380cd60437","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Espey William H.Combs Phil G.","contributorId":128391,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Espey William H.Combs Phil G.","id":536442,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Guay, Joel R.","contributorId":22403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guay","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70018867,"text":"70018867 - 1995 - The generalized 20/80 law using probabilistic fractals applied to petroleum field size","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:14","indexId":"70018867","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2879,"text":"Nonrenewable Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The generalized 20/80 law using probabilistic fractals applied to petroleum field size","docAbstract":"Fractal properties of the Pareto probability distribution are used to generalize \"the 20/80 law.\" The 20/80 law is a heuristic law that has evolved over the years into the following rule of thumb for many populations: 20 percent of the population accounts for 80 percent of the total value. The general p100/q100 law in probabilistic form is defined with q as a function of p, where p is the population proportion and q is the proportion of total value. Using the Pareto distribution, the p100/q100 law in fractal form is derived with the parameter q being a fractal, where q unexpectedly possesses the scale invariance property. The 20/80 law is a special case of the p100/q100 law in fractal form. The p100/q100 law in fractal form is applied to petroleum fieldsize data to obtain p and q such that p100% of the oil fields greater than any specified scale or size in a geologic play account for q100% of the total oil of the fields. The theoretical percentages of total resources of oil using the fractal q are extremely close to the empirical percentages from the data using the statistic q. Also, the empirical scale invariance property of the statistic q for the petroleum fieldsize data is in excellent agreement with the theoretical scale invariance property of the fractal q. ?? 1995 Oxford University Press.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nonrenewable Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF02257575","issn":"09611444","usgsCitation":"Crovelli, R., 1995, The generalized 20/80 law using probabilistic fractals applied to petroleum field size: Nonrenewable Resources, v. 4, no. 3, p. 233-241, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02257575.","startPage":"233","endPage":"241","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205718,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02257575"},{"id":226392,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac3ce4b08c986b32336a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crovelli, R. A.","contributorId":40969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crovelli","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70018845,"text":"70018845 - 1995 - Spatial trends in Pearson Type III statistical parameters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-16T07:45:47","indexId":"70018845","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial trends in Pearson Type III statistical parameters","docAbstract":"Spatial trends in the statistical parameters (mean, standard deviation, and skewness coefficient) of a Pearson Type III distribution of the logarithms of annual flood peaks for small rural basins (less than 90 km2) are delineated using a climate factor CT, (T=2-, 25-, and 100-yr recurrence intervals), which quantifies the effects of long-term climatic data (rainfall and pan evaporation) on observed T-yr floods. Maps showing trends in average parameter values demonstrate the geographically varying influence of climate on the magnitude of Pearson Type III statistical parameters. The spatial trends in variability of the parameter values characterize the sensitivity of statistical parameters to the interaction of basin-runoff characteristics (hydrology) and climate. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1995)121:9(672)","usgsCitation":"Lichty, R., and Karlinger, M., 1995, Spatial trends in Pearson Type III statistical parameters: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 121, no. 9, p. 672-678, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1995)121:9(672).","startPage":"672","endPage":"678","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226799,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269424,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1995)121:9(672)"}],"volume":"121","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94abe4b08c986b31abdc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lichty, R.W.","contributorId":46987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lichty","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karlinger, M.R.","contributorId":95039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlinger","given":"M.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1014856,"text":"1014856 - 1995 - Impact of flooding on the densities of selected aquatic insects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-22T11:08:46.434126","indexId":"1014856","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impact of flooding on the densities of selected aquatic insects","docAbstract":"<div id=\"Abs1-section\" class=\"c-article-section\"><div id=\"Abs1-content\" class=\"c-article-section__content\"><p>Data from a four-year study of five aquatic insect species,<i>Hydropsyche betteni, H. morosa, H. bronta, Isonychia bicolor</i>, and<i>Ephoron leucon</i>, were utilized to evaluate the impact of a 60-year flood and a few lesser floods. The survey began in August, 1984 and was terminated in October, 1987 with the 60-year flood occurring in November, 1985. Four sampling sites were established on the South River and six quantitative samples were taken each month from each site. Gauging stations on the South River provided accurate discharge data for the sampling sites and useful historical data. Densities for the five species were utilized in the evaluation of the floods. The importance of timing is pointed out, that is, floods that occur very close together or near the end of the life cycle of an insect make it difficult to evaluate floods as disturbances. The importance of life history traits, such as behavior and egg diapause, are discussed in respect to floods. Densities were reduced to less than 50% of their average values immediately after the 60-year flood for the three<i>Hydropsyche</i><span>&nbsp;</span>spp. and at three sites for<i>I. bicolor. Ephoron leucon</i><span>&nbsp;</span>showed no response to the 60-year flood. Densities of the four impacted species returned to previous levels in the following generation. The 60-year flood was considered a disturbance in the near term but not for more than one generation.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00767331","usgsCitation":"Hendricks, A., Willis, L., and Snyder, C., 1995, Impact of flooding on the densities of selected aquatic insects: Hydrobiologia, v. 299, p. 241-247, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00767331.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"241","endPage":"247","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131683,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"299","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9a67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hendricks, A.C.","contributorId":24721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendricks","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Willis, L.D.","contributorId":21120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snyder, C.","contributorId":78673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018843,"text":"70018843 - 1995 - Tectonic implications of post-30 Ma Pacific and North American relative plate motions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-23T15:40:36.137299","indexId":"70018843","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonic implications of post-30 Ma Pacific and North American relative plate motions","docAbstract":"<div id=\"120857548\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>The Pacific plate moved northwest relative to North America since 42 Ma. The rapid half rate of Pacific-Farallon spreading allowed the ridge to approach the continent at about 29 Ma. Extinct spreading ridges that occur offshore along 65% of the margin (Lonsdale, 1991) document that fragments of the subducted Farallon slab became captured by the Pacific plate and assumed its motion prior to the actual subduction of the spreading ridge. This plate-capture process can be used to explain much of the post–29 Ma Cordilleran North America extension, strike slip, and the inland jump of oceanic spreading in the Gulf of California. The Pacific and North American contact zone lengthened with each successive plate capture event, underpinning the parts of western North America directly inland with a strong plate undergoing Pacific relative motion. We suggest that much of the post–29 Ma continental tectonism is the result of the strong traction imposed on the deep part of the continental crust by the gently inclined slab of subducted oceanic lithosphere as it moved to the northwest relative to the overlying continent. The plate-capture hypothesis is distinctly different from theories involving shallow slab gaps. Kinematic problems associated with shallow slab-gap models cause us to question them. This conclusion is consistent with seismic refraction interpretations that suggest there is an inclined layer with high velocities like that of basalt or gabbro at the base of the continental crust beneath much of the Californian margin and the documented reduction of slab-pull forces and density associated with young subducting slabs. Thermal and rheologic modeling suggests that coastal California was a strong zone at all depths allowing it to be firmly linked to Pacific motion. Our model shows that deformed regions such as the basin and range and borderland provinces developed in predicted weak parts of the crustal section, but they have been incompletely linked to the deep plate across the ductile middle and lower crustal layer.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1995)107<0937:TIOPMP>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Bohannon, R.G., and Parsons, T., 1995, Tectonic implications of post-30 Ma Pacific and North American relative plate motions: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 107, no. 8, p. 937-959, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1995)107<0937:TIOPMP>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"937","endPage":"959","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226797,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba467e4b08c986b3202f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bohannon, R. G.","contributorId":61808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohannon","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parsons, T.","contributorId":48288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1015824,"text":"1015824 - 1995 - Past and current trends of change in a dune prairie/oak savanna reconstructed through a multiple-scale history","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-21T16:41:24.99838","indexId":"1015824","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2490,"text":"Journal of Vegetation Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Past and current trends of change in a dune prairie/oak savanna reconstructed through a multiple-scale history","docAbstract":"<p>The history of a rapidly changing mosaic of prairie and oak savanna in northern Indiana was reconstructed using several methods emphasizing different time scales ranging from annual to millennial. Vegetation change was monitored for 8 yr using plots and for 30 yr using aerial photographs. A 20th century fire history was reconstructed from the stand structure of multiple-stemmed trees and fire scars. General Land Office Survey data were used to reconstruct the forest of A.D. 1834. Fossil pollen and charcoal records were used to reconstruct the last 4000 yr of vegetation and fire history.</p><p>Since its deposition along the shore of Lake Michigan about 4000 yr ago, the area has followed a classical primary dune successional sequence, gradually changing from pine forest to prairie/oak savanna between A.D. 264 and 1007. This successional trend, predicted in the models of Henry Cowles, occurred even though the climate cooled and prairies elsewhere in the region retreated. Severe fires in the 19th century reduced most tree species but led to a temporary increase in<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Populus tremuloides</i>. During the last few decades, the prairie has been invaded by oaks and other woody species, primarily because of fire suppression since A.D. 1972.</p><p>The rapid and complex changes now occurring are a response to the compounded effects of plant succession, intense burning and logging in the 19th century, recent fire suppression, and possibly increased airborne deposition of nitrates. The compilation of several historical research techniques emphasizing different time scales allows this study of the interactions between multiple disturbance variables.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3236239","usgsCitation":"Cole, K., and Taylor, R., 1995, Past and current trends of change in a dune prairie/oak savanna reconstructed through a multiple-scale history: Journal of Vegetation Science, v. 6, no. 3, p. 399-410, https://doi.org/10.2307/3236239.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"399","endPage":"410","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489985,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3236239","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":134929,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688c2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, K.L.","contributorId":87507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, R.S.","contributorId":28216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018869,"text":"70018869 - 1995 - Validation of national land-cover characteristics data for regional water-quality assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T10:44:20","indexId":"70018869","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1753,"text":"Geocarto International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Validation of national land-cover characteristics data for regional water-quality assessment","docAbstract":"Land-cover information is used routinely to support the interpretation of water-quality data. The Prototype 1990 Conterminous US Land Cover Characteristics Data Set, developed primarily from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data, was made available to the US Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. The study described in this paper explored the utility of the 1990 national data set for developing quantitative estimates of the areal extent of principal land-cover types within large areal units. Land-cover data were collected in 1993 at 210 sites in the Central Nebraska Basins, one of the NAWQA study units. Median percentage-corn estimates for each sampling stratum wre used to produce areally weighted estimates of the percentage-corn cover for hydrologic units. Comparison of those areal estimates with an independent source of 1992 land-cover data showed good agreement. -Authors","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10106049509354514","usgsCitation":"Zelt, R.B., Brown, J.F., and Kelley, M., 1995, Validation of national land-cover characteristics data for regional water-quality assessment: Geocarto International, v. 10, no. 4, p. 69-80, https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049509354514.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"69","endPage":"80","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226437,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc102e4b08c986b32a404","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zelt, Ronald B. 0000-0001-9024-855X rbzelt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9024-855X","contributorId":300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zelt","given":"Ronald","email":"rbzelt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":380981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Jesslyn F. 0000-0002-9976-1998 jfbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-1998","contributorId":3241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Jesslyn","email":"jfbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":380980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelley, M.S.","contributorId":14003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019170,"text":"70019170 - 1995 - Superposed local and regional paleostresses: fault-slip analysis of Neogene extensional faulting near coeval caldera complexes, Yucca Flat, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-25T12:08:32.54356","indexId":"70019170","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Superposed local and regional paleostresses: fault-slip analysis of Neogene extensional faulting near coeval caldera complexes, Yucca Flat, Nevada","docAbstract":"<div class=\" metis-abstract\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Numerous reduced stress tensors are computed by multiple inversions of 906 temporally and spatially partitioned fault-slip data from the Yucca Flat region in the southwest Nevada volcanic field to constrain the Neogene paleostress and faulting history and to investigate how the regional tectonic stress field was affected by local caldera magmatism. Perturbed, shallow (&lt;400 m), pre-11 Ma paleostress configurations, determined west and northwest of present (post-11 Ma) Yucca Flat basin, existed during mild extensional faulting and are attributed to superposition of transient caldera-magmatic stresses on the regional stress field. Northwest of Yucca Flat a progressive shift in least principal stress (σ<sub>3</sub>) directions near known calderas located 5–15 km to the west occurred under a normal-slip stress state during caldera development between about 15 and 13 Ma. A brief (∼0.5 m.y.) change to a strike-slip stress state occurred at about 13 Ma and was accompanied by small-offset, quasi-conjugate strike-slip faulting. This stress state was most distinct, relative to a normal-slip state, near calderas where stress solutions and fault relations indicate closer affinities to a reverse-slip state. Inferred 11.6–11.45 Ma paleostress tensors indicate radial tension associated with either initial caldera collapse or local post-collapse topographic modification of the stress field. Post-11 Ma normal-slip stress tensors are associated with normal- and oblique-slip faults that accommodated subsidence and eastward extension of Yucca Flat basin away from the caldera complexes. These tensors do not indicate stress modifications due to residual caldera-related effects and thus were used to infer post-11 Ma regional stress changes. The stress field has rotated as much as 65° clockwise since 11 Ma during extensional development of Yucca Flat basin, with most of the rotation and extension occurring before about 8.5 Ma. Results suggest that shallow magmatism and caldera development can strongly alter extensional tectonic stress fields, fault patterns, and slip directions in the uppermost crust out to distances of roughly two magma chamber radii away from a magma body.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/95JB00078","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Minor, S., 1995, Superposed local and regional paleostresses: fault-slip analysis of Neogene extensional faulting near coeval caldera complexes, Yucca Flat, Nevada: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 100, no. B6, p. 10507-10528, https://doi.org/10.1029/95JB00078.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"10507","endPage":"10528","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226866,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"100","issue":"B6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f5be4b08c986b31e50b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Minor, S.A.","contributorId":65047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minor","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70019720,"text":"70019720 - 1995 - The role of microcracking in shear-fracture propagation in granite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-09T23:53:28.798602","indexId":"70019720","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2468,"text":"Journal of Structural Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of microcracking in shear-fracture propagation in granite","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id4\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id5\"><p>Microcracking related to the formation of a laboratory shear fracture in a cylinder of Westerly granite has been investigated using image-analysis computer techniques. Well away from the fracture (farfield), the deformed granite has about twice the crack density (crack length per unit area) of undeformed granite. The microcrack density increases dramatically in a process zone that surrounds the fracture tip, and the fracture tip itself has more than an order of magnitude increase in crack density over the undeformed rock. Microcrack densities are consistently higher on the dilational side of the shear than on the compressional side. Microcracks in the undeformed rock and in the far-field areas of the laboratory sample are concentrated within and along the margins of quartz crystals, but near the shear fracture they are somewhat more abundant within K-feldspar crystals. The energy release rate,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>g</i><sub><i>II</i></sub>, for mode II fracture progagation is estimated from the microcrack density data to be ≥ 1.7–8.6 kJ m<sup>−2</sup>. The microcracks that formed during the experiment are principally tensile cracks whose orientations reflect the local stress field: those formed prior to the nucleation of the fault are roughly parallel to the cylinder axis (loading direction), whereas those generated in the process zone make angles averaging 30 ° to the overall fault strike (and 20 ° to the cylinder axis). The preferred orientation and uneven distribution of microcracks in the process zone tends to pull the propagating fracture tip towards the dilational side, even though the trend is away from the overall fault strike. As a result, the propagating shear follows the microcrack trend for some distance and then changes direction in order to maintain an overall in-plane propagation path. This recurring process produces a zig-zag or sawtooth segmentation pattern similar to the sawtooth geometries of faults such as the San Andreas fault.</p></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0191-8141(94)E0018-T","issn":"01918141","usgsCitation":"Moore, D., and Lockner, D., 1995, The role of microcracking in shear-fracture propagation in granite: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 17, no. 1, p. 95-114, https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8141(94)E0018-T.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"114","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227684,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf84e4b08c986b32485d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Diane E. 0000-0002-8641-1075","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8641-1075","contributorId":106496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Diane E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lockner, D.A. 0000-0001-8630-6833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-6833","contributorId":85603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":93733,"text":"93733 - 1995 - Baseline risk assessment for aquatic life for the Buffalo River, New York, Area of Concern","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:01","indexId":"93733","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Baseline risk assessment for aquatic life for the Buffalo River, New York, Area of Concern","docAbstract":"The Great Lakes National Program Office of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency initiated the Assessment and Remediation of Contaminated Sediments (ARCS) program to address concerns of environmental degradation at 43 Areas of Concern in the Great Lakes.  In our first report (Passino-Reader et al. 1992), we developed a generic approach for baseline hazard evaluation of aquatic life in the Great Lakes Areas of Concern.  In this report, we demonstrate the application of the generic approach to the Buffalo River (New York) Area of Concern.  Using available historical data on residues in sediments, water, and biota, we evaluated exposure for 41 contaminants from the Buffalo River for eight taxa of fish and invertebrates representing the major trophic levels in the Buffalo River. By comparing exposure concentrations with reference toxicities, we calculated risk to the eight receptor organisms for typical and worst cases of exposure to the 41 contaminants.  For mixtures of the contaminants present at the Buffalo River, primarily metals and polyaromatic hydrocarbons, we compared sediment concentrations with effects range-low (EL-R) values as reference values for toxicity of mixtures to estimate risk to aquatic biota.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes National Program Office","publisherLocation":"Chicago, IL","usgsCitation":"Passino-Reader, D.R., Hudson, P.L., and Hickey, J.P., 1995, Baseline risk assessment for aquatic life for the Buffalo River, New York, Area of Concern, 112 p.","productDescription":"112 p.","startPage":"112","numberOfPages":"112","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127877,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6487a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Passino-Reader, Dora R.","contributorId":50839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Passino-Reader","given":"Dora","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hudson, Patrick L. 0000-0002-7646-443X phudson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7646-443X","contributorId":5616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Patrick","email":"phudson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hickey, James P.","contributorId":83460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickey","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019246,"text":"70019246 - 1995 - Areal extent of freshwater from an experimental release of Mississippi River Water into Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana, May 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:16","indexId":"70019246","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Areal extent of freshwater from an experimental release of Mississippi River Water into Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana, May 1994","docAbstract":"The effects of the release of freshwater from the Mississippi river into the Lake Pontchartrain was evaluated. The study determined the delineation of the areal extent of the freshwater plume in the lake, intensively sampled lake and river water and bed sediment to determine the effects on water quality in the lake, and performed a dye study to determine the mixing characteristics of the lake. Water temperature and specific conductance data were used to differentiate between zones of freshwater, mixing, and saltwater. The direction of the freshwater plume seemed to be affected by the wind direction. It was observed that the general direction of the plume was limited to the southwestern part of Lake Pontchartrain.","largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 9th 1995 Conference on Coastal Zone","conferenceDate":"16 July 1995 through 21 July 1995","conferenceLocation":"Tampa, FL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"McCallum, B.E., 1995, Areal extent of freshwater from an experimental release of Mississippi River Water into Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana, May 1994, <i>in</i> Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management, Tampa, FL, USA, 16 July 1995 through 21 July 1995, p. 363-364.","startPage":"363","endPage":"364","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226546,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed6ae4b0c8380cd497d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCallum, Brian E. 0000-0002-8935-0343 bemccall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8935-0343","contributorId":1591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCallum","given":"Brian","email":"bemccall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":382126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":87351,"text":"87351 - 1995 - Common ravens in the southwestern United States, 1968-92","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":87351,"text":"87351 - 1995 - Common ravens in the southwestern United States, 1968-92","indexId":"87351","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Common ravens in the southwestern United States, 1968-92"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-18T14:55:37","indexId":"87351","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Common ravens in the southwestern United States, 1968-92","docAbstract":"<p>The common raven (<i>Corvus corax</i>) is a large black passerine bird found throughout the northern hemisphere including western and northern North America. Ravens are scavengers that frequently feed on road-killed animals, large dead mammals, and human refuse. They kill and eat prey including rodents, lambs (Larsen and Dietrich 1970), birds, frogs, scorpions, beetles, lizards, and snakes. They also feed on nuts, grains, fruits, and other plant matter (Knight and Call 1980; Heinrich 1989). Their recent population increase is of concern because ravens eat agricultural crops and animals whose populations may be depleted.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p>Ravens are closely associated with human activities, frequently visiting solid-waste landfills and garbage containers at parks and food establishments, being pests of agricultural crops, and nesting on many human-made structures. In two recent surveys in the deserts of California (FaunaWest Wildlife Consultants 1989; Knight and Kawashima 1993), ravens were more numerous in areas with more human influences, and were often indicators of the degree to which humans affect an area.</p><p>Annual Breeding Bird Surveys (BBS) conducted nationwide by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) indicated that raven populations in several parts of the country significantly increased during 1965-79 (Robbins et al. 1986). This increase concerns resource managers because ravens feed on agricultural crops and animal species of interest to humans. For instance, in the deserts of the southwestern United States, ravens prey on young desert tortoises (<i>Gopherus agassizii</i>; Berry 1985; Fig. 1), which in the Mojave and Colorado deserts are listed as a threatened species by the USFWS (Federal Register 1990). Because of high levels of raven predation on tortoises, the Bureau of Land Management has taken action to reduce this predation (BLM 1990, 1994). We report here on a 24-year trend in raven abundance along roadsides in the deserts of the southwestern United States and surrounding regions, where increasing raven populations interest resource management agencies (BLM 1990; USFWS 1994).</p><p>Our analysis of BBS 1968-92 data focuses on arid lands and neighboring habitats in California, Nevada, Utah, and Arizona. We used data from 137 39.2-km (24.5-mi) routes within the following BBS strata: Great Basin Desert; mountain highlands of Arizona; Sonoran-Colorado Desert; Mojave Desert; basins and ranges, including portions of the northern Mojave and Great Basin deserts; Central Valley; and southern California grasslands, California foothills (southern California routes only), and Los Angeles ranges combined into one (coastal southern California).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Biological Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Boarman, W.I., and Berry, K.H., 1995, Common ravens in the southwestern United States, 1968-92, chap. <i>of</i> Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems, p. 73-75.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"75","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":128109,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265975,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.webharvest.gov/peth04/20041019015728/https://biology.usgs.gov/s+t/index.htm","linkHelpText":"Archived website"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae5d1","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"LaRoe, Edward T.","contributorId":112276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRoe","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505055,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farris, Gaye S.","contributorId":84410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farris","given":"Gaye","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":505056,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puckett, Catherine E. cpuckett@usgs.gov","contributorId":4629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett","given":"Catherine","email":"cpuckett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":505057,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doran, Peter D.","contributorId":17533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691706,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mac, Michael J.","contributorId":16772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691707,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Boarman, William I.","contributorId":51683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boarman","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berry, Kristin H. 0000-0003-1591-8394 kristin_berry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1591-8394","contributorId":437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"Kristin","email":"kristin_berry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019204,"text":"70019204 - 1995 - Rhenium-osmium concentration and isotope systematics in group IIAB iron meteorites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-19T12:18:58.400287","indexId":"70019204","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rhenium-osmium concentration and isotope systematics in group IIAB iron meteorites","docAbstract":"<p>Rhenium and osmium abundances, and osmium isotopic compositions were measured by negative thermal ionization mass spectrometry in thirty samples, including replicates, of five IIA and eight IIB iron meteorites. Concentrations in HA irons range from 4800 ppb Re and 66000 ppb Os (Negrillos) to 160 ppb Re and 800 ppb Os (Lombard). In the IIB subgroup, concentrations vary from 28 ppb Re and 180 ppb Os (Navajo) down to 0.8 ppb Re and 9 ppb Os (São Julião de Moreira and Santa Luzia). Log plots of Os vs. Re abundances for HA and IIB irons describe straight lines that approximately converge on Lombard, which has the lowest Re and Os abundances and highest<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>187</sup>Re/<sup>188</sup>Os measured in a IIA iron to date. The linear HA trend may be exactly reproduced by fractional crystallization with constant<span>&nbsp;</span><i>k</i><sub>Re</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>k</i><sub>Os</sub>, but is not well fitted using variable partition coefficients. The IIB iron trend, however, cannot be entirely explained by simple fractional crystallization. One explanation is that small amounts of Re and Os were added to the asteroid core during the final stages of crystallization. Another possibility is that diffusional enrichment of Os may have occurred in samples most depleted in Re and Os.</p><p>The combined Re-Os isotopic data for HA irons give the following results: slope = 0.07803 ± 0.00076; intercept = 0.09609 ± 0.00045; age = 4584 ± 43 Ma (neglecting the uncertainty in the decay constant of ±3%). Four IIB iron meteorites (Mount Joy, Central Missouri, DRPA 78009, Santa Luzia) also plot within the analytical uncertainty of the HA isochron. These results are consistent with rapid (probably &lt;50 Ma) core segregation, differentiation, and crystallization in the IIAB parent.</p><p>Several IIB irons (Navajo, Sandia Mountains, Smithsonian Iron, and perhaps São Julião de Moreira) lie beyond analytical uncertainty above the IIA iron isochron, averaging 8 ± 2% higher in<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>187</sup>Os/<sup>188</sup>Os. These irons may have crystallized significantly after the HA irons and Mount Joy, but only if the<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>187</sup>Re/<sup>188</sup>Os of the melt was ≥2.2. There is no evidence for a IIA iron crystallizing in equilibrium with a melt having such a high ratio. Alternatively, the osmium isotopic systematics of these irons may have been slightly disturbed long after crystallization at ca. 3.3 Ga ago.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(95)00109-D","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Morgan, J.W., Horan, M., Walker, R., and Grossman, J.N., 1995, Rhenium-osmium concentration and isotope systematics in group IIAB iron meteorites: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 59, no. 11, p. 2331-2344, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(95)00109-D.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2331","endPage":"2344","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226587,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aad35e4b0c8380cd86e5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morgan, J. W.","contributorId":92384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horan, M.F.","contributorId":75282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horan","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walker, R.J.","contributorId":105859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grossman, J. N.","contributorId":41840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grossman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70185716,"text":"70185716 - 1995 - Use of isotopic data to estimate water residence times of the Finger Lakes, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T09:19:00","indexId":"70185716","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of isotopic data to estimate water residence times of the Finger Lakes, New York","docAbstract":"<p><span>Water retention times in the Finger Lakes, a group of 11 lakes in central New York with similar hydrologic and climatic characteristics, were estimated by use of a tritium-balance model. During July 1991, samples were collected from the 11 lakes and selected tributary streams and were analyzed for tritium, deuterium, and oxygen-18. Additional samples from some of the sites were collected in 1990, 1992 and 1993. Tritium concentration in lake water ranged from 24.6 Tritium Units (TU) (Otisco Lake) to 43.2 TU (Seneca Lake).The parameters in the model used to obtain water retention time (WRT) included relative humidity, evaporation rate, tritium concentrations of inflowing water and lake water, and WRT of the lake. A historical record of tritium concentrations in precipitation and runoff was obtained from rainfall data at Ottawa, Canada, analyses of local wines produced during 1977–1991, and streamflow samples collected in 1990–1991. The model was simulated in yearly steps for 1953–1991, and the WRT was varied to reproduce tritium concentrations measured in each lake in 1991. Water retention times obtained from model simulations ranged from 1 year for Otisco Lake to 12 years for Seneca Lake, and with the exception of Seneca Lake and Skaneateles Lake, were in agreement with earlier estimates obtained from runoff estimates and chloride balances. The sensitivity of the model to parameter changes was tested to determine possible reasons for the differences calculated for WRT's for Seneca Lake and Skaneateles Lake. The shorter WRT obtained from tritium data for Lake Seneca (12 years as compared to 18 years) can be explained by a yearly addition of less than 3% by lake volume of ground water to the lake, the exact percentage depending on tritium concentration in the ground water.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(94)02586-Z","usgsCitation":"Michel, R.L., and Kraemer, T.F., 1995, Use of isotopic data to estimate water residence times of the Finger Lakes, New York: Journal of Hydrology, v. 164, no. 1-4, p. 1-18, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(94)02586-Z.","productDescription":"18 p. ","startPage":"1","endPage":"18","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338453,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Finger Lakes ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.76123046875,\n              42.86187308074834\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.7886962890625,\n              42.85180609584705\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.794189453125,\n              42.78532283730215\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.640380859375,\n              42.63597933867727\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.23663330078125,\n              42.3016903282445\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.54998779296875,\n              42.342305278572816\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.16546630859375,\n              42.82562425459303\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.30279541015625,\n              43.018705515824635\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.76123046875,\n              42.86187308074834\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"164","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58db7635e4b0ee37af29e4c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michel, Robert L. rlmichel@usgs.gov","contributorId":823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"Robert","email":"rlmichel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kraemer, Thomas F. tkraemer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraemer","given":"Thomas","email":"tkraemer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":81444,"text":"81444 - 1995 - Find the fish: using PROC SQL to build a relational database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:58","indexId":"81444","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Find the fish: using PROC SQL to build a relational database","docAbstract":"Reliable estimates of abundance and survival, gained through mark-recapture studies, are necessary to better understand how to manage and restore lake trout populations in the Great Lakes.  Working with a 24-year data set from a mark-recapture study conducted in Lake Superior, we attempted to disclose information on tag shedding by examining recaptures of double-tagged fish.  The data set consisted of 64,288 observations on fish which had been marked with one or more tags; a subset of these fish had been marked with two tags at initial capture.  Although DATA and PROC statements could be used to obtain some of the information we sought, these statements could not be used to extract a complete set of results from the double-tagging experiments.  We therefore used SQL processing to create three tables representing the same information but in a fully normalized relational structure.  In addition, we created indices to efficiently examine complex relationships among the individual capture records.  This approach allowed us to obtain all the information necessary to estimate tag retention through subsequent modeling.  We believe that our success with SQL was due in large part to its ability to simultaneosly scan the same table more than once and to permit consideration of other tables in sub-queries.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Client/server computing with the SAS system: tips and techniques","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"SAS Institute","publisherLocation":"Cary, NC","isbn":"1555442188","collaboration":"Also published in: Proceedings of the Nineteenth Annual SAS users Group International ConferenceOut-of-print","usgsCitation":"Fabrizio, M.C., and Nelson, S.N., 1995, Find the fish: using PROC SQL to build a relational database, chap. <i>of</i> Client/server computing with the SAS system: tips and techniques, p. 238-243.","productDescription":"p. 238-243","startPage":"238","endPage":"243","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128237,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f46cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fabrizio, Mary C.","contributorId":77471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fabrizio","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, Scott N.","contributorId":76677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5222643,"text":"5222643 - 1995 - Remote monitoring of parental incubation conditions in the greater sandhill crane","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-29T16:13:14.674231","indexId":"5222643","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3807,"text":"Zoo Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remote monitoring of parental incubation conditions in the greater sandhill crane","docAbstract":"<p><span>To monitor incubation conditions in nests of greater sandhill cranes, a radiotrans-mitting egg was built using six temperature sensors, a position sensor, and a light sensor. Sensor readings were received, along with time of observations, and stored in a computer. The egg was used to monitor incubation in nests of six pairs of cranes during 1987 and 1988. Ambient temperature was also measured. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to relate highest egg temperature, core egg temperature, and lowest egg temperature to ambient temperature, time since the egg was last turned, and time since the beginning of incubation. Ambient temperature had the greatest effect on egg temperature (</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;&lt; 0.0001), followed by the time since the beginning of incubation and time since the egg was last turned. Pair effect, the class variable in the ANCOVA, was also very significant (</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;&lt; 0.0001). A nine-term Fourier series was used to estimate the average core egg temperature versus time of day and was found to fit the data well (r</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;= 0.94). The Fourier series will be used to run a mechanical incubator to simulate natural incubation conditions for cranes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/zoo.1430140209","usgsCitation":"Gee, G., Hatfield, J., and Howey, P., 1995, Remote monitoring of parental incubation conditions in the greater sandhill crane: Zoo Biology, v. 14, no. 2, p. 159-172, https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.1430140209.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"172","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194275,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-05-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c0ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gee, G.F.","contributorId":70335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gee","given":"G.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatfield, Jeffrey S. jhatfield@usgs.gov","contributorId":151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Jeffrey S.","email":"jhatfield@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":336738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howey, P.W.","contributorId":38257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howey","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70187053,"text":"70187053 - 1995 - Mission in the works promises precise global topographic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-20T11:22:22","indexId":"70187053","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mission in the works promises precise global topographic data","docAbstract":"<p><span>Significant deficiencies in the quality of today's topographic data severely limit scientific applications. Very few available data sets meet the stringent requirements of 10–30 m for global digital topography and 5 m or better vertical accuracy, and existing satellite systems are unlikely to fulfill these requirements. The Joint Topographic Science Working Group, appointed by NASA and the Italian Space Agency, concluded that radar interferometry coupled with a laser altimeter would be the most promising approach for improving data quality. By providing its own illumination at a wavelength Ion g enough to (e.g., λ = 25 cm) to penetrate clouds and rain, the interferometer would provide a global, uniform high-quality topographic data set. One mission under study, TOPSAT, is well positioned to fill this niche and promises to pave the way toward a more standardized and precise topographic database. TOPSAT would be an international mission, designed to make use of recent technology advances in such programs as NASA's New Millennium. It could be ready to launch by the end of this decade.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"EOS","doi":"10.1029/95EO00129","usgsCitation":"Farr, T., Evans, D., Zebker, H., Harding, D., Bufton, J., Dixon, T., Vetrella, S., and Gesch, D., 1995, Mission in the works promises precise global topographic data: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 76, no. 22, p. 225-229, https://doi.org/10.1029/95EO00129.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"229","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340033,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Fernandina Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.68502807617188,\n              -0.5259630718092625\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.3623046875,\n              -0.5259630718092625\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.3623046875,\n              -0.25680456008937463\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.68502807617188,\n              -0.25680456008937463\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.68502807617188,\n              -0.5259630718092625\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"76","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f9c8d6e4b0b7ea54524107","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farr, T.","contributorId":191181,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farr","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, D.","contributorId":38415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zebker, H.","contributorId":25276,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zebker","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harding, D.","contributorId":191182,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harding","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bufton, J.","contributorId":191183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bufton","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dixon, T.","contributorId":14572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Vetrella, S.","contributorId":48374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vetrella","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gesch, D.B. 0000-0002-8992-4933","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8992-4933","contributorId":26886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gesch","given":"D.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70185376,"text":"70185376 - 1995 - Characterization of a high-transmissivity zone by well test analysis: Steady state case","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T15:36:12","indexId":"70185376","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of a high-transmissivity zone by well test analysis: Steady state case","docAbstract":"<p><span>A method is developed to analyze steady horizontal flow to a well pumped from a confined aquifer composed of two homogeneous zones with contrasting transmissivities. Zone 1 is laterally unbounded and encloses zone 2, which is elliptical in shape and is several orders of magnitude more transmissive than zone 1. The solution for head is obtained by the boundary integral equation method. Nonlinear least squares regression is used to estimate the model parameters, which include the transmissivity of zone 1, and the location, size, and orientation of zone 2. The method is applied to a hypothetical aquifer where zone 2 is a long and narrow zone of vertical fractures. Synthetic data are generated from three different well patterns, representing different areal coverage and proximity to the fracture zone. When zone 1 of the hypothetical aquifer is homogeneous, the method correctly estimates all model parameters. When zone 1 is a randomly heterogeneous transmissivity field, some parameter estimates, especially the length of zone 2, become highly uncertain. To reduce uncertainty, the pumped well should be close to the fracture zone, and surrounding observation wells should cover an area similar in dimension to the length of the fracture zone. Some prior knowledge of the fracture zone, such as that gained from a surface geophysical survey, would greatly aid in designing the well test.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/94WR01965","usgsCitation":"Tiedeman, C.R., Hsieh, P.A., and Christian, S.B., 1995, Characterization of a high-transmissivity zone by well test analysis: Steady state case: Water Resources Research, v. 31, no. 1, p. 27-37, https://doi.org/10.1029/94WR01965.","productDescription":"11 p. ","startPage":"27","endPage":"37","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337937,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b96e4b0236b68f8294e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tiedeman, Claire R. 0000-0002-0128-3685 tiedeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0128-3685","contributorId":196777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiedeman","given":"Claire","email":"tiedeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hsieh, Paul A. 0000-0003-4873-4874 pahsieh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4873-4874","contributorId":1634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsieh","given":"Paul","email":"pahsieh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":39113,"text":"WMA - Office of Quality Assurance","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christian, Sarah B.","contributorId":20739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christian","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70187052,"text":"70187052 - 1995 - Mapping tide-water glacier dynamics in east Greenland using landsat data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-20T11:21:52","indexId":"70187052","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2328,"text":"Journal of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping tide-water glacier dynamics in east Greenland using landsat data","docAbstract":"<p>Landsat multispectral scanner and thematic mapper images were co-registered For the Kangerdlugssuaq Fjord region in East Greenland and were used to map glacier drainage-basin areas, changes in the positions of tide-water glacier termini and to estimate surface velocities of the larger tide-water glaciers. Statistics were compiled to document distance and area changes to glacier termini. The methodologies developed in this study are broadly applicable to the investigation of tide-water glaciers in other areas. The number of images available for consecutive years and the accuracy with which images are co-registered are key factors that influence the degree to which regional glacier dynamics can be characterized using remotely sensed data.</p><p>Three domains of glacier state were interpreted: net increase in terminus area in the southern part of the study area, net loss of terminus area for glaciers in upper Kangerdlugssuaq Fjord and a slight loss of glacier terminus area northward from Ryberg Fjord. Local increases in the concentrations of drifting icebergs in the fjords coincide with the observed extension of glacier termini positions Ice-surface velocity estimates were derived for several glaciers using automated image cross-correlation techniques The velocity determined for Kangerdlugssuaq Gletscher is approximately 5.0 km a<span class=\"sup\">−1</span> and that for Kong Christian IV Gletscher is 0.9 km a<span class=\"sup\">−1</span>. The continuous presence of icebergs and brash ice in front of these glaciers indicates sustained rates of ice-front calving.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Glaciological Society","doi":"10.1017/S0022143000034900","usgsCitation":"Dwyer, J.L., 1995, Mapping tide-water glacier dynamics in east Greenland using landsat data: Journal of Glaciology, v. 41, no. 139, p. 584-595, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022143000034900.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"584","endPage":"595","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000034900","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340032,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Greenland","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -34.16748046875,\n              67.34832460428412\n            ],\n            [\n              -29.300537109374996,\n              67.34832460428412\n            ],\n            [\n              -29.300537109374996,\n              68.83576865659356\n            ],\n            [\n              -34.16748046875,\n              68.83576865659356\n            ],\n            [\n              -34.16748046875,\n              67.34832460428412\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"139","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f9c8d7e4b0b7ea54524109","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dwyer, John L. 0000-0002-8281-0896 dwyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8281-0896","contributorId":3481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"John","email":"dwyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70187049,"text":"70187049 - 1995 - Map projections for global and continental data sets and an analysis of pixel distortion caused by reprojection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-22T16:27:33","indexId":"70187049","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Map projections for global and continental data sets and an analysis of pixel distortion caused by reprojection","docAbstract":"<div class=\"publication-abstract\" data-reactid=\"96\"><div class=\"nova-e-text nova-e-text--size-m nova-e-text--family-sans-serif nova-e-text--spacing-auto\" data-reactid=\"98\">In global change studies the effects of map projection properties on data quality are apparent, and the choice of projection is significant. To aid compilers of global and continental data sets, six equal-area projections were chosen: the interrupted Goode Homolosine, the interrupted Mollweide, the Wagner IV, and the Wagner VII for global maps; the Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area for hemisphere maps; and the Oblated Equal-Area and the Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area for continental maps. Distortions in small-scale maps caused by reprojection, and the additional distortions incurred when reprojecting raster images, were quantified and graphically depicted. For raster images, the errors caused by the usual resampling methods (pixel brightness level interpolation) were responsible for much of the additional error where the local resolution and scale change were the greatest.<br><br></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ASPRS","usgsCitation":"Steinwand, D.R., Hutchinson, J.A., and Snyder, J., 1995, Map projections for global and continental data sets and an analysis of pixel distortion caused by reprojection: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 61, no. 12, p. 1487-1497.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1487","endPage":"1497","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340030,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f9c8dbe4b0b7ea5452410d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steinwand, Daniel R. steinwand@usgs.gov","contributorId":3224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinwand","given":"Daniel","email":"steinwand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hutchinson, John A. 0000-0002-9595-5648 hutch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9595-5648","contributorId":4466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"John","email":"hutch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snyder, J.P.","contributorId":79235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":54860,"text":"wdrNY942 - 1995 - Water resources data, New York, water year 1994. Volume 2. Long Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-14T19:23:59.537356","indexId":"wdrNY942","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NY-94-2","title":"Water resources data, New York, water year 1994. Volume 2. Long Island","docAbstract":"<p>Water resources data for the 1994 water year for New York consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality of ground-water wells. This volume contains records for water discharge at 20 gaging stations; water quality at 19 gaging stations, and 32 wells; and water levels at 754 observation wells. Also included are data for 78 low-flow partial record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements and analyses. These data, together with the data in Volume 1 and 3 represent that part of the National Water Data system operated by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with State, Federal, and other agencies in New York </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrNY942","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of New York and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Spinello, A.G., Pena-Cruz, G., McGrath, K., and Eagen, V.K., 1995, Water resources data, New York, water year 1994. Volume 2. Long Island: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report NY-94-2, vii, 240 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrNY942.","productDescription":"vii, 240 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":416551,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1994/ny-94-2/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":483392,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1994/ny-94-2/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.14672851562499,\n              40.47620304302563\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.751708984375,\n              40.47620304302563\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.751708984375,\n              41.25716209782705\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.14672851562499,\n              41.25716209782705\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.14672851562499,\n              40.47620304302563\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb17a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spinello, A. G.","contributorId":19983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spinello","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pena-Cruz, G.","contributorId":26747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pena-Cruz","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGrath, K.","contributorId":33175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGrath","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eagen, V. K.","contributorId":20353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eagen","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70018942,"text":"70018942 - 1995 - Scour measurements at bridge sites during 1993 Upper Mississippi River Basin flood","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-16T15:08:58","indexId":"70018942","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3647,"text":"Transportation Research Record","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scour measurements at bridge sites during 1993 Upper Mississippi River Basin flood","docAbstract":"<p>The record flood on the upper Mississippi River basin during the summer of 1993 provided a rare opportunity for collection of data on streambed scour at bridges and for testing of scour data collection equipment under extreme hydraulic conditions. Real-time scour measurements at bridges are categorized into one of three classes according to their objective: inspection measurements, limited-detail measurements, and detailed measurements. All three types of measurements were made during the 1993 flood. Recent advances in technology and improved application of existing technology allow hydraulic and channel bathymetry data to be collected more accurately, in greater detail, and more efficiently than previously possible. Two limited-detail and two detailed data sets are presented. The observed depths of scour are consistently less than the depths of pier scour estimated by use of recommended procedures. Additional data processing, analysis, and visualization are required to characterize and understand complex processes measured by use of state-of-the-art instrumentation.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transportation Research Record","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Research Council","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC, United States","issn":"03611981","usgsCitation":"Mueller, D.S., Landers, M.N., and Fischer, E.E., 1995, Scour measurements at bridge sites during 1993 Upper Mississippi River Basin flood: Transportation Research Record, no. 1483, p. 47-55.","startPage":"47","endPage":"55","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226761,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Upper Mississippi River basin","issue":"1483","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b87abe4b08c986b3165d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, David S. dmueller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"David","email":"dmueller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":381159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landers, Mark N. 0000-0002-3014-0480 landers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3014-0480","contributorId":1103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landers","given":"Mark","email":"landers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":381158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fischer, Edward E. edf@usgs.gov","contributorId":1063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"Edward","email":"edf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":381157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018949,"text":"70018949 - 1995 - The Hengill geothermal area, Iceland: variation of temperature gradients deduced from the maximum depth of seismogenesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-14T19:19:55","indexId":"70018949","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Hengill geothermal area, Iceland: variation of temperature gradients deduced from the maximum depth of seismogenesis","docAbstract":"Given a uniform lithology and strain rate and a full seismic data set, the maximum depth of earthquakes may be viewed to a first order as an isotherm. These conditions are approached at the Hengill geothermal area, S. Iceland, a dominantly basaltic area. The temperature at which seismic failure ceases for the strain rates likely at the Hengill geothermal area is determined by analogy with oceanic crust, and is about 650 ?? 50??C. The topographies of the top and bottom of the seismogenic layer were mapped using 617 earthquakes. The thickness of the seismogenic layer is roughly constant and about 3 km. A shallow, aseismic, low-velocity volume within the spreading plate boundary that crosses the area occurs above the top of the seismogenic layer and is interpreted as an isolated body of partial melt. The base of the seismogenic layer has a maximum depth of about 6.5 km beneath the spreading axis and deepens to about 7 km beneath a transform zone in the south of the area. -from Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0377-0273(94)00088-X","usgsCitation":"Foulger, G., 1995, The Hengill geothermal area, Iceland: variation of temperature gradients deduced from the maximum depth of seismogenesis: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 65, no. 1-2, p. 119-133, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(94)00088-X.","startPage":"119","endPage":"133","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226852,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269365,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(94)00088-X"}],"volume":"65","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba775e4b08c986b321594","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foulger, G.R.","contributorId":14439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foulger","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70019171,"text":"70019171 - 1995 - Applications of isotopes to tracing sources of solutes and water in shallow systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:15","indexId":"70019171","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Applications of isotopes to tracing sources of solutes and water in shallow systems","docAbstract":"New awareness of the potential danger to water supplies posed by the use of agricultural chemicals has focused attention on the nature of groundwater recharge and the mobility of various solutes, especially nitrate and pesticides, in shallow systems. A better understanding of hydrologic flowpaths and solute sources is required to determine the potential impact of sources of contamination on water supplies, to develop management practices for preserving water quality, and to develop remediation plans for sites that are already contaminated. In many cases, environmental isotopes can be employed as 'surgical tools' for answering very specific questions about water and solute sources. Isotopic data can often provide more accurate information about the system than hydrologic measurements or complicated hydrologic models. This note focuses on practical and cost-effective examples of how naturally-occurring isotopes can be used to track water and solutes as they move through shallow systems.","largerWorkTitle":"International Symposium on Groundwater Management - Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Groundwater Management","conferenceDate":"14 August 1995 through 16 August 1995","conferenceLocation":"San Antonio, TX, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"Kendall, C., and Krabbenhoft, D.P., 1995, Applications of isotopes to tracing sources of solutes and water in shallow systems, <i>in</i> International Symposium on Groundwater Management - Proceedings, San Antonio, TX, USA, 14 August 1995 through 16 August 1995, p. 390-395.","startPage":"390","endPage":"395","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226867,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ecc8e4b0c8380cd494a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":381868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":381869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}