No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.90.5.999","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Plumlee, G., Goldhaber, M., and Rowan, E., 1995, The potential role of magmatic gases in the genesis of Illinois- Kentucky fluorspar deposits: Implications from chemical reaction path modeling: Economic Geology, v. 90, no. 5, p. 999-1011, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.90.5.999.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"999","endPage":"1011","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226759,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1995-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baebae4b08c986b3242cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plumlee, G.S.","contributorId":80698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldhaber, M. B. 0000-0002-1785-4243","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-4243","contributorId":103280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldhaber","given":"M. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rowan, E. L. 0000-0001-5753-6189","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5753-6189","contributorId":34921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"E. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70174589,"text":"70174589 - 1995 - A computer model of long-term salinity in San Francisco Bay: Sensitivity to mixing and inflows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T09:17:32","indexId":"70174589","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1523,"text":"Environment International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A computer model of long-term salinity in San Francisco Bay: Sensitivity to mixing and inflows","docAbstract":"A two-level model of the residual circulation and tidally-averaged salinity in San Francisco Bay has been developed in order to interpret long-term (days to decades) salinity variability in the Bay. Applications of the model to biogeochemical studies are also envisaged. The model has been used to simulate daily-averaged salinity in the upper and lower levels of a 51-segment discretization of the Bay over the 22-y period 1967–1988. Observed, monthly-averaged surface salinity data and monthly averages of the daily-simulated salinity are in reasonable agreement, both near the Golden Gate and in the upper reaches, close to the delta. Agreement is less satisfactory in the central reaches of North Bay, in the vicinity of Carquinez Strait. Comparison of daily-averaged data at Station 5 (Pittsburg, in the upper North Bay) with modeled data indicates close agreement with a correlation coefficient of 0.97 for the 4110 daily values. The model successfully simulates the marked seasonal variability in salinity as well as the effects of rapidly changing freshwater inflows. Salinity variability is driven primarily by freshwater inflow. The sensitivity of the modeled salinity to variations in the longitudinal mixing coefficients is investigated. The modeled salinity is relatively insensitive to the calibration factor for vertical mixing and relatively sensitive to the calibration factor for longitudinal mixing. The optimum value of the longitudinal calibration factor is 1.1, compared with the physically-based value of 1.0. Linear time-series analysis indicates that the observed and dynamically-modeled salinity-inflow responses are in good agreement in the lower reaches of the Bay.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0160-4120(95)00075-V","usgsCitation":"Uncles, R., and Peterson, D.H., 1995, A computer model of long-term salinity in San Francisco Bay: Sensitivity to mixing and inflows: Environment International, v. 21, no. 5, p. 647-656, https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-4120(95)00075-V.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"647","endPage":"656","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500054,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/5bea63788c864113890cdbb00b337246","text":"External Repository"},{"id":325194,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.61291503906249,\n 37.385435182627226\n ],\n [\n -122.61291503906249,\n 38.23170796744926\n ],\n [\n -121.61865234375,\n 38.23170796744926\n ],\n [\n -121.61865234375,\n 37.385435182627226\n ],\n [\n -122.61291503906249,\n 37.385435182627226\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5787662ce4b0d27deb36e16d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Uncles, R.J.","contributorId":33468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uncles","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, D. H.","contributorId":92229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"D.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70186900,"text":"70186900 - 1995 - Habitat correlates of Pacific halibut and other groundfish species in Glacier Bay National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T18:17:25","indexId":"70186900","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Habitat correlates of Pacific halibut and other groundfish species in Glacier Bay National Park","docAbstract":"Originally conceived as a modified Schnabel (1938) design mark-recapture study, the unique random sampling regime of this long line tagging study has allowed us to describe habitat correlates of Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) and other demersal fishes. Pacific halibut and other fish were captured by longline sets of constant length and hook number distributed in a random stratified fashion. General Position System (GPS) location and depth were recorded at one-second time intervals during setting to obtain a depth profile and track of the set. Hooks were counted during pulling and the hook number was recorded for each fish and invertebrate to allow accurate determination of its capture location and depth. All fish were measured. Sediment type was determined from a grab sample taken at the mid-point of each set. Kruskall-Wallis ANOVAs were conducted to relate abundance of nine common groundfish species to substrate and to depth. Six species had significant relationships with substrate while all nine had significant relationships with depth. There were no significant relationships between fish size and substrate, and only Pacific halibut exhibited a significant relationship between size and depth (Kruskall-Wallis H-22.8, n=974, p<0.001).
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the third Glacier Bay science symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Third Glacier Bay Science Symposium","conferenceDate":"September 13-18, 1993","conferenceLocation":"Gustavus, AK","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","isbn":"0941555011","usgsCitation":"Bishop, G.H., Hooge, P.N., and Taggart, S.J., 1995, Habitat correlates of Pacific halibut and other groundfish species in Glacier Bay National Park, in Proceedings of the third Glacier Bay science symposium, Gustavus, AK, September 13-18, 1993.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339698,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339696,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nps.gov/glba/learn/nature/symposium.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Glacier Bay National Park","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f08e63e4b06911a29fa86a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Engstrom, Daniel R.","contributorId":82665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engstrom","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690920,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Bishop, Gretchen H.","contributorId":190304,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bishop","given":"Gretchen","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hooge, Philip N.","contributorId":77587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooge","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taggart, S. James","contributorId":30131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taggart","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018788,"text":"70018788 - 1995 - A possible deficiency in estimates of wet deposition obtained from data generated by the NADP/NTN network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:26","indexId":"70018788","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":924,"text":"Atmospheric Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A possible deficiency in estimates of wet deposition obtained from data generated by the NADP/NTN network","docAbstract":"A conventional precipitation scavenging model is used to evaluate the effect of the performance of a wet-deposition collector on the reported deposition amounts. Three National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network sites in semi arid western Colorado were chosen to evaluate chloride and sulfate wet deposition. Observations of the performance of a wet-deposition collector have demonstrated a delay in opening and cycling during a precipitation event. A significant fraction of wet deposition may be excluded when small amounts of initial precipitation are not sampled and a potentially large fraction of annual wet deposition may be excluded if a majority of precipitation events are small. The actual amount missed depends on the precipitation intensity, variability of intensity with time, raindrop or snowflake size and the individual performance characteristics of the collector. Detailed performance data are needed for individual wet-deposition collectors before accurate estimates of wet deposition can be expected.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Atmospheric Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/1352-2310(94)00182-K","issn":"13522310","usgsCitation":"Claassen, H., and Halm, D., 1995, A possible deficiency in estimates of wet deposition obtained from data generated by the NADP/NTN network: Atmospheric Environment, v. 29, no. 3, p. 437-448, https://doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(94)00182-K.","startPage":"437","endPage":"448","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205937,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(94)00182-K"},{"id":227536,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4e3e4b0c8380cd469d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Claassen, H.C.","contributorId":74028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claassen","given":"H.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halm, D.R.","contributorId":54352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halm","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018785,"text":"70018785 - 1995 - Advanced instrumentation for the collection, retrieval, and processing of urban stormwater data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:26","indexId":"70018785","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Advanced instrumentation for the collection, retrieval, and processing of urban stormwater data","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Charlotte and Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, has developed a data-collection network that uses advanced instrumentation to automatically collect, retrieve, and process urban stormwater data. Precipitation measurement and water-quality networks provide data for (1) planned watershed simulation models, (2) early warning of possible flooding, (3) computation of material export, and (4) characterization of water quality in relation to basin conditions. Advantages of advanced instrumentation include remote access to real-time data, reduced demands on and more efficient use of limited human resources, and direct importation of data into a geographical information system for display and graphic analysis.","largerWorkTitle":"International Water Resources Engineering Conference - Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Water Resources. Part 1 (of 2)","conferenceDate":"14 August 1995 through 18 August 1995","conferenceLocation":"San Antonio, TX, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"Robinson, J.B., Bales, J.D., and Young, W.S., 1995, Advanced instrumentation for the collection, retrieval, and processing of urban stormwater data, in International Water Resources Engineering Conference - Proceedings, v. 2, San Antonio, TX, USA, 14 August 1995 through 18 August 1995, p. 1081-1085.","startPage":"1081","endPage":"1085","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227493,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e701e4b0c8380cd477b8","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Espey William H.Combs Phil G.","contributorId":128391,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Espey William H.Combs Phil G.","id":536437,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Jerald B. jbrobins@usgs.gov","contributorId":4667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Jerald","email":"jbrobins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":380756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bales, Jerad D. 0000-0001-8398-6984 jdbales@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8398-6984","contributorId":683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"Jerad","email":"jdbales@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":380755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Young, Wendi S.","contributorId":18354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Wendi","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018908,"text":"70018908 - 1995 - Relations between winter precipitation and atmospheric circulation simulated by the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory general circulation model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-14T14:20:38.381324","indexId":"70018908","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2032,"text":"International Journal of Climatology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relations between winter precipitation and atmospheric circulation simulated by the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory general circulation model","docAbstract":"General circulation model (GCM) simulations of atmospheric circulation are more reliable than GCM simulations of temperature and precipitation. In this study, temporal correlations between 700 hPa height anomalies simulated winter precipitation at eight locations in the conterminous United States are compared with corresponding correlations in observations. The objectives are to 1) characterize the relations between atmospheric circulation and winter precipitation simulated by the GFDL, GCM for selected locations in the conterminous USA, ii) determine whether these relations are similar to those found in observations of the actual climate system, and iii) determine if GFDL-simulated precipitation is forced by the same circulation patterns as in the real atmosphere. -from Authors","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1002/joc.3370150604","issn":"08998418","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G.J., and Dettinger, M.D., 1995, Relations between winter precipitation and atmospheric circulation simulated by the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory general circulation model: International Journal of Climatology, v. 15, no. 6, p. 625-638, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.3370150604.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"625","endPage":"638","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226895,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-01-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a709e4b0e8fec6cdc353","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, G. J. Jr.","contributorId":77551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"G.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":381073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1008433,"text":"1008433 - 1995 - Gonadal steroidogenesis in-vitro from juvenile alligators obtained from contaminated or control lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-25T17:00:18.820664","indexId":"1008433","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1542,"text":"Environmental Health Perspectives","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Gonadal steroidogenesis in-vitro from juvenile alligators obtained from contaminated or control lakes","title":"Gonadal steroidogenesis in-vitro from juvenile alligators obtained from contaminated or control lakes","docAbstract":"The ubiquitous distribution of many contaminants and the nonlethal, multigenerational effects of such contaminants on reproductive, endocrine, and immune systems have led to concerns that wildlife worldwide are affected. Although the causal agents and effects are known for some species, the underlying physiological mechanisms associated with contaminant-induced reproductive modifications are still poorly understood and require extensive research. We describe a study examining the steroidogenic activity of gonads removed from juvenile alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) obtained from contaminated or control lakes in central Florida. Synthesis of estradiol-17 beta (E2) was significantly different when ovaries from the contaminated and control lakes were compared in vitro. Additionally, testes from males obtained from the contaminated lake. Lake Apopka, synthesized significantly higher concentrations of E2 when compared to testes obtained from control males. In contrast, testosterone (T) synthesis from all testes examined in this study displayed a normal pattern and produced concentrations greater than that observed from ovaries obtained from either lake. Interestingly, the pattern of gonadal steroidogenesis differs from previously reported plasma concentrations of these hormones obtained from the same individuals. We suggest that the differences between the in vivo and in vitro patterns are due to modifications in the hepatic degradation of plasma sex steroid hormones.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Institute of Environmental Health","doi":"10.1289/ehp.95103s431","usgsCitation":"Guillette, L.J., Gross, T.S., Gross, D.A., Rooney, A.A., and Percival, H.F., 1995, Gonadal steroidogenesis in-vitro from juvenile alligators obtained from contaminated or control lakes: Environmental Health Perspectives, v. 103, p. 31-36, https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.95103s431.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"36","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479271,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.95103s431","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":131771,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a49b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guillette, Louis J. Jr.","contributorId":15916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guillette","given":"Louis","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gross, Timothy S.","contributorId":45381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gross, D. A.","contributorId":27828,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gross","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rooney, A. A.","contributorId":45669,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rooney","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Percival, H. Franklin percivalf@usgs.gov","contributorId":2424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Percival","given":"H.","email":"percivalf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Franklin","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":317759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70018804,"text":"70018804 - 1995 - Optimal pumping strategies for managing shallow, poorquality groundwater, western San Joaquin Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:11","indexId":"70018804","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2767,"text":"Models for assessing and monitoring groundwater quality. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Optimal pumping strategies for managing shallow, poorquality groundwater, western San Joaquin Valley, California","docAbstract":"Continued agricultural productivity in the western San Joaquin Valley, California, is threatened by the presence of shallow, poor-quality groundwater that can cause soil salinization. We evaluate the management alternative of using groundwater pumping to control the altitude of the water table and provide irrigation water requirements. A transient, three-dimensional, groundwater flow model was linked with nonlinear optimization to simulate management alternatives for the groundwater flow system. Optimal pumping strategies have been determined that substantially reduce the area subject to a shallow water table and bare-soil evaporation (that is, areas with a water table within 2.1 m of land surface) and the rate of drainflow to on-farm drainage systems. Optimal pumping strategies are constrained by the existing distribution of wells between the semiconfined and confined zones of the aquifer, by the distribution of sediment types (and associated hydraulic conductivities) in the western valley, and by the historical distribution of pumping throughout the western valley.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Models for assessing and monitoring groundwater quality. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Barlow, P., Wagner, B., and Belitz, K., 1995, Optimal pumping strategies for managing shallow, poorquality groundwater, western San Joaquin Valley, California: Models for assessing and monitoring groundwater quality. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995, v. 227, p. 141-148.","startPage":"141","endPage":"148","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227009,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"227","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6ee7e4b0c8380cd7586a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barlow, P.","contributorId":59191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wagner, B.","contributorId":54354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, K. 0000-0003-4481-2345","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":10164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1008660,"text":"1008660 - 1995 - Determination of selection gradients using multiple regression versus Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-29T08:34:44","indexId":"1008660","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1038,"text":"Biometrical Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of selection gradients using multiple regression versus Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)","docAbstract":"Selection studies involving multiple intercorrelated independent variables have employed multiple regression analysis as a means to estimate and partition natural and sexual selection's direct and indirect effects. These statistical models assume that independent variables are measured without error. Most would conclude that such is not the case in the field studies for which these methods are employed. We demonstrate that the distortion of estimates resulting from error variance is not trivial. When independent variables are intercorrelated, extreme distortions may occur. We propose to use Structural Equation Models (SEM), to estimate error variance and produce highly accurate coefficients for formulation of selection gradients. This method is particularly appropriate when the selection is viewed as happening at the level of the latent variables.
","language":"English","doi":"10.1002/bimj.4710370406","usgsCitation":"Pugesek, B., and Tomer, A., 1995, Determination of selection gradients using multiple regression versus Structural Equation Modeling (SEM): Biometrical Journal, v. 37, no. 4, p. 449-462, https://doi.org/10.1002/bimj.4710370406.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"449","endPage":"462","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130803,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-01-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db66794b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pugesek, B.H.","contributorId":45666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pugesek","given":"B.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tomer, A.","contributorId":80139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomer","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018900,"text":"70018900 - 1995 - Investigation of aquifer-system compaction in the Hueco basin, El Paso, Texas, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:14","indexId":"70018900","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Investigation of aquifer-system compaction in the Hueco basin, El Paso, Texas, USA","docAbstract":"The Pleistocene geologic history of the Rio Grande valley in the Hueco basin included a cycle of sediment erosion and re-aggradation, resulting in unconformable stratification of sediment of contrasting compressibility and stress history. Since the 1950s large groundwater withdrawals have resulted in significant water-level declines and associated land subsidence. Knowledge of the magnitude and variation of specific storage is needed for developing predictive models of subsidence and groundwater flow simulations. Analyses of piezometric and extensometric data in the form of stress-strain diagrams from a 16 month period yield in situ measurements of aquifer-system compressibility across two discrete aquifer intervals. The linear elastic behaviour of the deeper interval indicates over-consolidation of basin deposits, probably resulting from deeper burial depth before the middle Pleistocene. By contrast, the shallow aquifer system displays an inelastic component, suggesting pre-consolidation stress not significantly greater than current effective stress levels for a sequence of late Pleistocene clay. Harmonic analyses of the piezometric response to earth tides in two water-level piezometers provide an independent estimate of specific storage of aquifer sands.","largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1995 5th International Symposium on Land Subsidence","conferenceDate":"16 October 1995 through 20 October 1995","conferenceLocation":"Hague, Neth","language":"English","publisher":"IAHS","publisherLocation":"Wallingford, United Kingdom","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Heywood, C., 1995, Investigation of aquifer-system compaction in the Hueco basin, El Paso, Texas, USA, in IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 234, Hague, Neth, 16 October 1995 through 20 October 1995.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"234","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e81e4b0c8380cd63e2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heywood, Charles","contributorId":18916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heywood","given":"Charles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019719,"text":"70019719 - 1995 - Paleocene to Middle Miocene planktic foraminifera of the southwestern Salisbury Embayment, Virginia and Maryland: biostratigraphy, allostratigraphy, and sequence stratigraphy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-14T11:38:02","indexId":"70019719","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2294,"text":"Journal of Foraminiferal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleocene to Middle Miocene planktic foraminifera of the southwestern Salisbury Embayment, Virginia and Maryland: biostratigraphy, allostratigraphy, and sequence stratigraphy","docAbstract":"The Paleocene to Middle Miocene sedimentary fill of the southwestern Salisbury Embayment contains a fragmental depositional record, interrupted by numerous local diastems and regional unconformities. Using planktic foraminiferal biostratigraphy, 15 unconformity-bounded depositional units have been identified, assigned to six formations and seven alloformations previously recognized in the embayment. The units correlate with second- and third-order sequences of the Exxon sequence stratigraphy model, and include transgressive and highstand systems tracts. Alloformation, formation, and sequence boundaries are marked by abrupt, scoured, burrowed, erosional surfaces, which display lag deposits, biostratigraphic gaps, and intense reworking of microfossils above and below the boundaries.
Paleocene deposits represent the upper parts of upper Pleocene Biochronozones P4 and P5, and rest uncomformably on Cretaceous sedimentary beds of various ages (Maastrichtian to Albian). Lower Eocene deposits represent parts of Biochronozones P6 and P9. Middle Eocene strata represent mainly parts of Biochronozones P11, P12, and P14. Upper Eocene sediments include parts of Biochronozones P15, P16, and P17. Oligocene deposits encompass parts of Biochronozones. N4b to N7 undifferentiated, P21a, and, perhaps, N4a. Lower Miocene deposits encompass parts of Biochronozones N4b to N7 undifferentiated. Middle Miocene strata represent mainly parts of Biochronorones N8, N9, and N10.
Nine plates of scanning electron micrographs illustrate the principal planktic foraminifera used to establish the biostratigraphic framework. Two new informal formine of Praeterenuitella praegemma Li, 1987, are introduced.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research","doi":"10.2113/gsjfr.25.2.134","issn":"00961191","usgsCitation":"Poag, C.W., and Commeau, J., 1995, Paleocene to Middle Miocene planktic foraminifera of the southwestern Salisbury Embayment, Virginia and Maryland: biostratigraphy, allostratigraphy, and sequence stratigraphy: Journal of Foraminiferal Research, v. 25, no. 2, p. 134-155, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.25.2.134.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"134","endPage":"155","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227683,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a73bee4b0c8380cd771ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poag, C. W.","contributorId":16402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poag","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Commeau, J.A.","contributorId":21549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Commeau","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1012876,"text":"1012876 - 1995 - Some tests of the \"migration hypothesis\" for anadromous Dolly Varden (southern form)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:08:47","indexId":"1012876","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some tests of the \"migration hypothesis\" for anadromous Dolly Varden (southern form)","docAbstract":"Some aspects of a previously described migratory paradigm for the southern form of anadromous Dolly Varden Salvelinus malma were investigated with seven 3‐year mark–recapture experiments on fish that used lakes in eight watersheds as their winter residence. Weirs on Kodiak Island, around Prince William Sound, and near Juneau, Alaska, were used to capture Dolly Varden as they emigrated to the sea each spring. Dolly Varden (≥200 mm fork length) were individually marked during the first year of each experiment (1989 or 1990), and log‐linear models of their capture histories were used to estimate probabilities of capture during the second year (1990 or 1991). Our observations on timing of spring emigration and dispersal of Dolly Varden at sea confirm observations from earlier studies. Our results support the paradigm that Dolly Varden home to the same lacustrine watershed when overwintering in fresh water, as more than 98% of the recaptured fish did so. Our results contradicted the paradigm that Dolly Varden return to lakes each fall, for across study populations, 14–58% failed to return. The most probable explanation for this anomalous behavior is that some Dolly Varden spend the winter at sea. Differences in maturity, size, and growth of Dolly Varden and timing of their entrance into salt water during spring emigration were excluded as causes of this anomalous behavior.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1995)124<0297:STOTMH>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Bernard, D.R., Hepler, K.R., Jones, J.D., Whalen, M.E., and McBride, D.N., 1995, Some tests of the \"migration hypothesis\" for anadromous Dolly Varden (southern form): Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 124, no. 3, p. 297-307, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1995)124<0297:STOTMH>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"297","endPage":"307","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129547,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"124","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e591","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bernard, David R.","contributorId":53333,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bernard","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hepler, Kelley R.","contributorId":23882,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hepler","given":"Kelley","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, J. Douglas","contributorId":65037,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whalen, Mary E. 0000-0003-2820-5158 mwhalen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2820-5158","contributorId":203717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whalen","given":"Mary","email":"mwhalen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McBride, Douglas N.","contributorId":21109,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McBride","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1012949,"text":"1012949 - 1995 - Survival rates of radio-collared female polar bears and their dependent young","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-16T00:23:04.870979","indexId":"1012949","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival rates of radio-collared female polar bears and their dependent young","docAbstract":"Polar bears are hunted throughout most of their range. In addition to \r\n hunting, polar bears of the Beaufort Sea region are exposed to mineral \r\n and hydrocarbon extraction and related human activities such as \r\n shipping, road building, and seismic testing. As human populations \r\n increase and demands for polar bears and other arctic resources \r\n escalate, reliable estimates of survivorship of polar bears are needed \r\n to predict and manage the impacts of those activities. We used the \r\n Kaplan-Meier model to estimate annual survival (with 95% confidence \r\n intervals) for radio-collared female polar bears and their dependent \r\n young that were followed during a 12-year study in the Alaskan \r\n Beaufort Sea. Survival of adult female polar bears was higher than \r\n had been previously thought: S = 0.969 (range 0.952-0.983). If \r\n human-caused mortalities were deleted, the computed survival rate was \r\n 0.996 (0.990-1.002). Survival of young from den exit to weaning was \r\n 0.676 (0.634-0.701). Survival during the second year of life, 0.860 \r\n (0.751-0.903), was substantially higher than during the first year, \r\n 0.651 (0.610-0.675). Shooting by local hunters accounted for 85% of \r\n the documented deaths of adult female polar bears. Conversely, 90% of \r\n documented losses of young were independent of litter size (P = 0.36), \r\n indicating that parental investment in single cubs was not different \r\n from investment in litters of two or more. Precise estimates of the \r\n survival of independent juveniles and adult males still need to be \r\n developed.","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/z95-155","usgsCitation":"Amstrup, S.C., and Durner, G.M., 1995, Survival rates of radio-collared female polar bears and their dependent young: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 73, p. 1312-1322, https://doi.org/10.1139/z95-155.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1312","endPage":"1322","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129425,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6880e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":318450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Durner, George M. 0000-0002-3370-1191 gdurner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-1191","contributorId":3576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durner","given":"George","email":"gdurner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018947,"text":"70018947 - 1995 - Optimization techniques for integrating spatial data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:14","indexId":"70018947","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2700,"text":"Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Optimization techniques for integrating spatial data","docAbstract":"Two optimization techniques ta predict a spatial variable from any number of related spatial variables are presented. The applicability of the two different methods for petroleum-resource assessment is tested in a mature oil province of the Midcontinent (USA). The information on petroleum productivity, usually not directly accessible, is related indirectly to geological, geophysical, petrographical, and other observable data. This paper presents two approaches based on construction of a multivariate spatial model from the available data to determine a relationship for prediction. In the first approach, the variables are combined into a spatial model by an algebraic map-comparison/integration technique. Optimal weights for the map comparison function are determined by the Nelder-Mead downhill simplex algorithm in multidimensions. Geologic knowledge is necessary to provide a first guess of weights to start the automatization, because the solution is not unique. In the second approach, active set optimization for linear prediction of the target under positivity constraints is applied. Here, the procedure seems to select one variable from each data type (structure, isopachous, and petrophysical) eliminating data redundancy. Automating the determination of optimum combinations of different variables by applying optimization techniques is a valuable extension of the algebraic map-comparison/integration approach to analyzing spatial data. Because of the capability of handling multivariate data sets and partial retention of geographical information, the approaches can be useful in mineral-resource exploration. ?? 1995 International Association for Mathematical Geology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF02093901","issn":"08828121","usgsCitation":"Herzfeld, U., and Merriam, D.F., 1995, Optimization techniques for integrating spatial data: Mathematical Geology, v. 27, no. 5, p. 559-588, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02093901.","startPage":"559","endPage":"588","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205789,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02093901"},{"id":226807,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6efae4b0c8380cd758c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herzfeld, U.C.","contributorId":84517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herzfeld","given":"U.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Merriam, D. F.","contributorId":63175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merriam","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018993,"text":"70018993 - 1995 - Analysis of factors affecting the accuracy, reproducibility, and interpretation of microbial community carbon source utilization patterns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-17T19:08:40.785528","indexId":"70018993","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of factors affecting the accuracy, reproducibility, and interpretation of microbial community carbon source utilization patterns","docAbstract":"We determined factors that affect responses of bacterial isolates and model bacterial communities to the 95 carbon substrates in Biolog microliter plates. For isolates and communities of three to six bacterial strains, substrate oxidation rates were typically nonlinear and were delayed by dilution of the inoculum. When inoculum density was controlled, patterns of positive and negative responses exhibited by microbial communities to each of the carbon sources were reproducible. Rates and extents of substrate oxidation by the communities were also reproducible but were not simply the sum of those exhibited by community members when tested separately. Replicates of the same model community clustered when analyzed by principal- components analysis (PCA), and model communities with different compositions were clearly separated un the first PCA axis, which accounted for >60% of the dataset variation. PCA discrimination among different model communities depended on the extent to which specific substrates were oxidized. However, the substrates interpreted by PCA to be most significant in distinguishing the communities changed with reading time, reflecting the nonlinearity of substrate oxidation rates. Although whole-community substrate utilization profiles were reproducible signatures for a given community, the extent of oxidation of specific substrates and the numbers or activities of microorganisms using those substrates in a given community were not correlated. Replicate soil samples varied significantly in the rate and extent of oxidation of seven tested substrates, suggesting microscale heterogeneity in composition of the soil microbial community.","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/aem.61.4.1458-1468.1995","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Haack, S., Garchow, H., Klug, M., and Forney, L., 1995, Analysis of factors affecting the accuracy, reproducibility, and interpretation of microbial community carbon source utilization patterns: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 61, no. 4, p. 1458-1468, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.61.4.1458-1468.1995.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1458","endPage":"1468","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479240,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.61.4.1458-1468.1995","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":226809,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.40436860904603,\n 42.40664834446247\n ],\n [\n -85.40284550788013,\n 42.404892059286595\n ],\n [\n -85.40253254188673,\n 42.404476089806224\n ],\n [\n -85.40213611829607,\n 42.40407552399654\n ],\n [\n -85.40055042393165,\n 42.40324357145039\n ],\n [\n -85.40040437313458,\n 42.40301247156313\n ],\n [\n -85.39817188238531,\n 42.403089504953186\n ],\n [\n -85.3982970687824,\n 42.40390605307627\n ],\n [\n -85.39815101798537,\n 42.4058780499999\n ],\n [\n -85.40146845751065,\n 42.406617532865454\n ],\n [\n -85.40257427068597,\n 42.40709511091677\n ],\n [\n -85.40320020267214,\n 42.40751106303156\n ],\n [\n -85.40436860904603,\n 42.40664834446247\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"61","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb12e4b0c8380cd48bd6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haack, S.K.","contributorId":26457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haack","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garchow, H.","contributorId":102647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garchow","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klug, M.J.","contributorId":33070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klug","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Forney, L.J.","contributorId":49118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forney","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70018803,"text":"70018803 - 1995 - Extending and expanding the life of older current meters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-06T08:31:25","indexId":"70018803","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Extending and expanding the life of older current meters","docAbstract":"The EG&G Model 610 VACM and Model 630 VMCM are standards for ocean current measurements. It is simple to add peripheral sensors to the data stream of the VACM by use of add-on CMOS circuitry. The firmware control of the VMCM makes it virtually impossible to add sampling of additional sensors. Most of the electronic components used in the VACM are obsolete or difficult to replace and the VMCM will soon follow suit. As a result, the USGS joined WHOI in the development of a PCMCIA data storage system to replace the cassette recording system in the VACM. Using the same PCMCIA recording package as the controller and recorder for the VMCM, a user-friendly VMCM is being designed. PCMCIA cards are rapidly becoming an industry standard with a wide range of storage capacities. By upgrading the VACM and VMCM to PCMCIA storage systems with a flexible microprocessor, they will continue to be viable instruments.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the IEEE Working Conference on Current Measurement","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1995 5th Working Conference on Current Measurement","conferenceDate":"7 February 1995 through 9 February 1995","conferenceLocation":"St.Petersburg, FL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","publisherLocation":"Piscataway, NJ, United States","doi":"10.1109/CCM.1995.516141","usgsCitation":"Strahle, W., and Martini, M.A., 1995, Extending and expanding the life of older current meters, in Proceedings of the IEEE Working Conference on Current Measurement, St.Petersburg, FL, USA, 7 February 1995 through 9 February 1995, p. 5-9, https://doi.org/10.1109/CCM.1995.516141.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"9","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480201,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1265532","text":"External Repository"},{"id":227008,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e40e4b0c8380cd5337c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Strahle, W.J.","contributorId":86044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strahle","given":"W.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martini, Marinna A. 0000-0002-7757-5158 mmartini@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7757-5158","contributorId":2456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martini","given":"Marinna","email":"mmartini@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":380798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019087,"text":"70019087 - 1995 - Fluxes of water and solute in a coastal wetland sediment. 2. Effect of macropores on solute exchange with surface water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T08:20:46","indexId":"70019087","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluxes of water and solute in a coastal wetland sediment. 2. Effect of macropores on solute exchange with surface water","docAbstract":"Chloride was highly concentrated relative to seawater in matrix porewater but was comparatively dilute in macropores. Concentration differences in pore-size classes declined with depth until indistinguishable below 10 cm. The segregated chloride distribution can be explained if recharge to the sediment occurred by downward infiltration in macropores and discharge occurred by an upward flux in matrix pores to satisfy evapotranspiration. Without disturbance by the downward infiltration flux in macropores, upward advection of chloride in matrix pores and evapoconcentration increased chloride concentrations in matrix pores to a level well above the concentration in seawater. The resulting high concentrations of chloride in matrix pores induced a large diffusive efflux of chloride into surface water that was sufficient to balance new input of chloride by infiltration of seawater in macropores (0.085 mmol Cl cm -2 day-1). Transport models that were constrained by water balance measurements at the field site explained both the exponential form of the vertical distribution of chloride in matrix pores and the rate of change in storage of chloride in sediment porewater over a one month period.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(94)02562-P","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Harvey, J., and Nuttle, W., 1995, Fluxes of water and solute in a coastal wetland sediment. 2. Effect of macropores on solute exchange with surface water: Journal of Hydrology, v. 164, no. 1-4, p. 109-125, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(94)02562-P.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"125","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226315,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"164","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a12a8e4b0c8380cd543ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, J. W. 0000-0002-2654-9873","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":39725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nuttle, W.K.","contributorId":76268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nuttle","given":"W.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019012,"text":"70019012 - 1995 - A mechanism for decoupling within the oceanic lithosphere revealed in the Troodos ophiolite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T15:47:12","indexId":"70019012","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A mechanism for decoupling within the oceanic lithosphere revealed in the Troodos ophiolite","docAbstract":"Contrasting kinematic histories recorded in the sheeted dykes and underlying plutonic rocks of the Troodos ophiolite provide a new perspective on the mechanical evolution of oceanic spreading centres. The kinematic framework of the decoupling zone that partitions deformation between the sheeted dykes and plutonics contrasts with low-angle detachment models for slow-spreading ridges based on continental-rift analogues. A model for the generation of multiple, horizontal decoupling horizons, linked by planar normal faults, demonstrates new possibilities for the kinematic and rheological significance of seismic reflectors in oceanic lithosphere.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/374232a0","usgsCitation":"Agar, S.M., and Klitgord, K.D., 1995, A mechanism for decoupling within the oceanic lithosphere revealed in the Troodos ophiolite: Nature, v. 374, no. 6519, p. 232-238, https://doi.org/10.1038/374232a0.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"232","endPage":"238","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"374","issue":"6519","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e44ae4b0c8380cd46562","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Agar, Susan M.","contributorId":13255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Agar","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":25254,"text":"Northwestern University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":381388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klitgord, Kim D.","contributorId":82307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klitgord","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":381389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018761,"text":"70018761 - 1995 - Simulation of interaction between ground water in an alluvial aquifer and surface water in a large braided river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:28","indexId":"70018761","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Simulation of interaction between ground water in an alluvial aquifer and surface water in a large braided river","docAbstract":"The Fairbanks, Alaska, area has many contaminated sites in a shallow alluvial aquifer. A ground-water flow model is being developed using the MODFLOW finite-difference ground-water flow model program with the River Package. The modeled area is discretized in the horizontal dimensions into 118 rows and 158 columns of approximately 150-meter square cells. The fine grid spacing has the advantage of providing needed detail at the contaminated sites and surface-water features that bound the aquifer. However, the fine spacing of cells adds difficulty to simulating interaction between the aquifer and the large, braided Tanana River. In particular, the assignment of a river head is difficult if cells are much smaller than the river width. This was solved by developing a procedure for interpolating and extrapolating river head using a river distance function. Another problem is that future transient simulations would require excessive numbers of input records using the current version of the River Package. The proposed solution to this problem is to modify the River Package to linearly interpolate river head for time steps within each stress period, thereby reducing the number of stress periods required.","largerWorkTitle":"International Symposium on Groundwater Management - Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Groundwater Management","conferenceDate":"14 August 1995 through 16 August 1995","conferenceLocation":"San Antonio, TX, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"Leake, S.A., and Lilly, M.R., 1995, Simulation of interaction between ground water in an alluvial aquifer and surface water in a large braided river, in International Symposium on Groundwater Management - Proceedings, San Antonio, TX, USA, 14 August 1995 through 16 August 1995, p. 325-330.","startPage":"325","endPage":"330","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b906ae4b08c986b3194b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leake, S. A.","contributorId":52164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lilly, M. R.","contributorId":38594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lilly","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018851,"text":"70018851 - 1995 - Abnormal pressures as hydrodynamic phenomena","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-07T17:50:13.016995","indexId":"70018851","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":732,"text":"American Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Abnormal pressures as hydrodynamic phenomena","docAbstract":"So-called abnormal pressures, subsurface fluid pressures significantly higher or lower than hydrostatic, have excited speculation about their origin since subsurface exploration first encountered them. Two distinct conceptual models for abnormal pressures have gained currency among earth scientists. The static model sees abnormal pressures generally as relict features preserved by a virtual absence of fluid flow over geologic time. The hydrodynamic model instead envisions abnormal pressures as phenomena in which flow usually plays an important role. This paper develops the theoretical framework for abnormal pressures as hydrodynamic phenomena, shows that it explains the manifold occurrences of abnormal pressures, and examines the implications of this approach.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Journal of Science","doi":"10.2475/ajs.295.6.742","usgsCitation":"Neuzil, C., 1995, Abnormal pressures as hydrodynamic phenomena: American Journal of Science, v. 295, no. 6, p. 742-786, https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.295.6.742.","productDescription":"45 p.","startPage":"742","endPage":"786","numberOfPages":"45","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479249,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.295.6.742","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":226887,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"295","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e643e4b0c8380cd472c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neuzil, C. E. 0000-0003-2022-4055","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2022-4055","contributorId":81078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuzil","given":"C. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019144,"text":"70019144 - 1995 - Diatom evidence for earthquake-induced subsidence and tsunami 300 yr ago in southern coastal Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-23T15:32:59.428244","indexId":"70019144","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diatom evidence for earthquake-induced subsidence and tsunami 300 yr ago in southern coastal Washington","docAbstract":"Fossil diatoms from four stratigraphic sections along the tidal Niawiakum River, southwestern Washington, provide an independent paleoecological test of a relative sea-level rise that has been attributed to subsidence during an inferred earthquake in the Cascadia subduction zone about 300 yr ago. Diatom assemblages in a buried soil and overlying mud indicate a sudden and lasting shift from marshes and forests near or above highest tides to mud flats and incipient tidal marshes, with a progressive return to high-level tidal marshes by sediment aggradation and, perhaps, gradual tectonic uplift. The amount of coseismic submergence required to generate the paleoecological changes observed at these sites could have ranged from a minimum of 0.8–1.0 m to a maximum of ∼3.0 m.
Fossil diatoms also provide an independent test of previous inferences that the subsidence was shortly followed by a tsunami. The inferred tsunami deposit is a distinct sandy interval that widely overlies the buried marsh and forest soil. Diatoms from this interval consist of species observed on modern sand flats of the open bay, identifying a bayward source for the sand. Occurrences of the same sand-flat species above the buried soil in the farthest up-valley outcrop where a sandy interval is not recognizable suggest that the tsunami extended farther landward than was previously inferred from the stratigraphy.
These data rule out proposed alternatives to the coseismic subsidence model—that is, climatically induced sea-level rise, temporary submergence caused by storms—and support the hypothesis that a great earthquake struck southwestern Washington 300 yr ago.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1995)107<0367:DEFEIS>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hemphill-Haley, E., 1995, Diatom evidence for earthquake-induced subsidence and tsunami 300 yr ago in southern coastal Washington: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 107, no. 3, p. 367-378, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1995)107<0367:DEFEIS>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"367","endPage":"378","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226410,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00abe4b0c8380cd4f856","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hemphill-Haley, E.","contributorId":69309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemphill-Haley","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019112,"text":"70019112 - 1995 - Effects of climate on chemical weathering in watersheds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-19T12:22:42.070171","indexId":"70019112","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of climate on chemical weathering in watersheds","docAbstract":"Climatic effects on chemical weathering are evaluated by correlating variations On solute concentrations and fluxes with temperature, precipitation, runoff, and evapotranspiration (ET) for a worldwide distribution of sixty-eight watersheds underlain by granitoid rock types. Stream solute concentrations are strongly correlated with proportional ET loss, and evaporative concentration makes stream solute concentrations an inappropriate surrogate for chemical weathering. Chemical fluxes are unaffected by ET, and SiO2 and Na weathering fluxes exhibit systematic increases with precipitation, runoff, and temperature. However, warm and wet watersheds produce anomalously rapid weathering rates. A proposed model that provides an improved prediction of weathering rates over climatic extremes Os the product of linear precipitation and Arrhenius temperature functions. The resulting apparent activation energies based on SiO2 and Na fluxes are 59.4 and 62.5 kJ · mol-1, respectively. The coupling between temperature and precipitation emphasizes the importance of tropical regions On global silicate weathering fluxes, and suggests it is not representative to use continental averages for temperature and precipitation On the weathering rate functions of global carbon cycling and climatic change models.
Fluxes of K, Ca, and Mg exhibit no climatic correlation, implying that other processes, such as ion exchange, nutrient cycling, and variations On lithology, obscure any climatic signal. The correlation between yearly variations On precipitation and solute fluxes within individual watersheds Os stronger than the correlation between precipitation and solute fluxes of watersheds with different climatic regimes. This underscores the significance of transport-induced variability On controlling stream chemistry, and the importance of distinguishing between short-term and long-term climatic trends. No correlation exists between chemical fluxes and topographic relief or the extent of recent glaciation, implying that physical erosion rates do not have a critical influence on chemical weathering rates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(95)00078-E","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"White, A.F., and Blum, A., 1995, Effects of climate on chemical weathering in watersheds: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 59, no. 9, p. 1729-1747, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(95)00078-E.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1729","endPage":"1747","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226679,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06afe4b0c8380cd5138b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, A. F.","contributorId":36546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blum, A.E.","contributorId":100514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blum","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018887,"text":"70018887 - 1995 - Simulation models for conservative and nonconservative solute transport in streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-13T21:17:11","indexId":"70018887","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1483,"text":"Effects of scale on interpretation and management of sediment and water quality. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation models for conservative and nonconservative solute transport in streams","docAbstract":"Solute transport in streams is governed by a suite of hydrologic and chemical processes. Interactions between hydrologic processes and chemical reactions may be quantified through a combination of field-scale experimentation and simulation modeling. Two mathematical models that simulate conservative and nonconservative solute transport in streams are presented. A model for conservative solutes that considers One Dimensional Transport with Inflow and Storage (OTIS) may be used in conjunction with tracer-dilution methods to quantify hydrologic transport processes (advection, dispersion, lateral inflow and transient storage). For nonconservative solutes, a model known as OTEQ may be used to quantify chemical processes within the context of hydrologic transport. OTEQ combines the transport mechanisms in OTIS with a chemical equilibrium sub-model that considers complexation, precipitation/dissolution and sorption. OTEQ has been used to quantify processes affecting trace metals in two streams in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, USA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Effects of scale on interpretation and management of sediment and water quality. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Runkel, R., 1995, Simulation models for conservative and nonconservative solute transport in streams: Effects of scale on interpretation and management of sediment and water quality. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995, v. 226, p. 153-159.","startPage":"153","endPage":"159","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226664,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269310,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/software/OTIS/addl/misc/iahs_226_0153.pdf"}],"volume":"226","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8febe4b08c986b31920b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Runkel, R.L.","contributorId":97529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018944,"text":"70018944 - 1995 - Evaluation of simplified stream-aquifer depletion models for water rights administration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-18T23:58:47.13749","indexId":"70018944","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of simplified stream-aquifer depletion models for water rights administration","docAbstract":"We assess the predictive accuracy of Glover's (1974) stream-aquifer analytical solutions, which are commonly used in administering water rights, and evaluate the impact of the assumed idealizations on administrative and management decisions. To achieve these objectives, we evaluate the predictive capabilities of the Glover stream-aquifer depletion model against the MODFLOW numerical standard, which, unlike the analytical model, can handle increasing hydrogeologic complexity. We rank-order and quantify the relative importance of the various assumptions on which the analytical model is based, the three most important being: (1) streambed clogging as quantified by streambed-aquifer hydraulic conductivity contrast; (2) degree of stream partial penetration; and (3) aquifer heterogeneity. These three factors relate directly to the multidimensional nature of the aquifer flow conditions. From these considerations, future efforts to reduce the uncertainty in stream depletion-related administrative decisions should primarily address these three factors in characterizing the stream-aquifer process. We also investigate the impact of progressively coarser model grid size on numerically estimating stream leakage and conclude that grid size effects are relatively minor. Therefore, when modeling is required, coarser model grids could be used thus minimizing the input data requirements.
A compilation of magnetic data acquired during the past three decades for a region in central Saudi Arabia where Precambrian basement is partly exposed on the Arabian shield and partly concealed by overlying Phanerozoic strata, shows a central sector of conspicuous N-S-trending anomalies, a heterogeneous western sector of short-wavelength, high-intensity anomalies, and an eastern sector of low- to moderate-intensity broad-wavelength anomalies. Anomalies in the western and central sectors correlate with Neoproterozoic metavolcanic, metasedimentary, and intrusive rocks of the Arabian shield and are interpreted as delineating extensions of shield-type rocks down-dip beneath Phanerozoic cover. These rocks constitute terranes making up part of a Neoproterozoic orogenic belt that underlies Northeast Africa and western Arabia and it is proposed that their magnetically indicated easternmost extent marks the concealed eastern edge of the orogenic belt in central Arabia. The flat magnetic signature of the eastern sector, not entirely accounted for as an effect of deep burial, may reflect the presence of a crustal block different in character to the terranes of the orogenic belt and, speculatively, may outline a continental block that, according to some tectonic models of the region, collided with the Neoproterozoic terranes and thereby caused their deformation and tectonic accretion.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(94)00179-D","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Johnson, P., and Stewart, I., 1995, Magnetically inferred basement structure in central Saudi Arabia: Tectonophysics, v. 245, no. 1-2, p. 37-52, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(94)00179-D.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"52","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226504,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 50,\n 15\n ],\n [\n 50,\n 30\n ],\n [\n 25,\n 30\n ],\n [\n 25,\n 15\n ],\n [\n 50,\n 15\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"245","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4b96e4b0c8380cd69666","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, P.R.","contributorId":37332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, I.C.F.","contributorId":18914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"I.C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}