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,{"id":70018855,"text":"70018855 - 1995 - Source, movement and age of groundwater in the upper part of the Mojave River Basin, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:13","indexId":"70018855","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1934,"text":"IAHS-AISH Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Source, movement and age of groundwater in the upper part of the Mojave River Basin, California, USA","docAbstract":"Water samples from wells were collected and analysed for oxygen-18, deuterium, tritium, carbon-14, and carbon-13 to determine the source, movement and age of groundwater in the upper part of the Mojave River basin. Water in the alluvial aquifer has a median deuterium composition of -66??? and contains tritium, and was recently recharged by water from the Mojave River. Water in the regional aquifer near the Mojave River, near Summit Valley, and underlying several small washes has deuterium compositions heavier than -60???. Although some water in the regional aquifer near the Mojave River contains tritium, most of this water does not contain tritium. Carbon-14 data indicate that this water was recharged less than 2400 years ago. Water in the remainder of the regional aquifer has a median deuterium composition of -84???, which is as much as 20??? lighter than the volume-weighted deuterium composition of present-day precipitation. These data show that this water was recharged under climatic conditions different from average conditions today. Carbon-14 data indicate that some water in the regional aquifer was recharged more than 20 000 years ago.Water samples from wells were collected and analyzed for oxygen-18, deuterium, tritium, carbon-14, and carbon-13 to determine the source, movement and age of groundwater in the upper part of the Mojave River basin. Water in the alluvial aquifer has a median deuterium composition of -66qq and contains tritium, and was recently recharged by water from the Mojave River. Water in the regional aquifer near the Mojave River, near Summit Valley, and underlying several small washes has deuterium compositions heavier than -60qq. Although some water in the regional aquifer near the Mojave River contains tritium, most of this water does not contain tritium. Carbon-14 data indicate that this water was recharged less than 2400 years ago. Water in the remainder of the regional aquifer has a median deuterium composition of -84qq, which is as much as 20qq lighter than the volume-weighted deuterium composition of present-day precipitation. These data show that this water was recharged under climatic conditions different from average conditions today. Carbon-14 data indicate that some water in the regional aquifer was recharged more than 20 000 years ago.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1994 International Symposium on Application of Tracers in Arid Zone Hydrology","conferenceDate":"22 August 1994 through 26 August 1994","conferenceLocation":"Vienna, Italy","language":"English","publisher":"IAHS","publisherLocation":"Wallingford, United Kingdom","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Izbicki, J., Martin, P., and Michel, R.L., 1995, Source, movement and age of groundwater in the upper part of the Mojave River Basin, California, USA: IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 232, p. 43-56.","startPage":"43","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226933,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"232","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9341e4b08c986b31a3d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izbicki, J. A. 0000-0003-0816-4408","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":28244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, P.","contributorId":24398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michel, R. L.","contributorId":86375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018898,"text":"70018898 - 1995 - Identifying trends in sediment discharge from alterations in upstream land use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-13T21:18:43","indexId":"70018898","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1483,"text":"Effects of scale on interpretation and management of sediment and water quality. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying trends in sediment discharge from alterations in upstream land use","docAbstract":"Environmental monitoring is a primary reason for collecting sediment data. One emphasis of this monitoring is identification of trends in suspended sediment discharge. A stochastic equation was used to generate time series of annual suspended sediment discharges using statistics from gaging stations with drainage areas between 1606 and 1 805 230 km2. Annual sediment discharge was increased linearly to yield a given increase at the end of a fixed period and trend statistics were computed for each simulation series using Kendal's tau (at 0.05 significance level). A parameter was calculated from two factors that control trend detection time: (a) the magnitude of change in sediment discharge, and (b) the natural variability of sediment discharge. In this analysis the detection of a trend at most stations is well over 100 years for a 20% increase in sediment discharge. Further research is needed to assess the sensitivity of detecting trends at sediment stations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Effects of scale on interpretation and management of sediment and water quality. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Parker, R.S., and Osterkamp, W.R., 1995, Identifying trends in sediment discharge from alterations in upstream land use: Effects of scale on interpretation and management of sediment and water quality. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995, v. 226, p. 207-213.","startPage":"207","endPage":"213","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226802,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269312,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://iahs.info/redbooks/a226/iahs_226_0207.pdf"}],"volume":"226","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a385ce4b0c8380cd6153f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parker, R. S.","contributorId":104510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osterkamp, W. R.","contributorId":46044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterkamp","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70185510,"text":"70185510 - 1995 - Salmon escapement estimates into the Togiak River using sonar, Togiak National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska, 1987, 1988, and 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-23T09:26:30","indexId":"70185510","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5329,"text":"USFWS Alaska Fisheries Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"31","title":"Salmon escapement estimates into the Togiak River using sonar, Togiak National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska, 1987, 1988, and 1990","docAbstract":"<p>We began a three year study in 1987 to test the feasibility of using sonar in the Togiak River to estimate salmon escapements. Current methods rely on periodic aerial surveys and a counting tower at river kilometer 97. Escapement estimates are not available until 10 to 14 days after the salmon enter the river. Water depth and turbidity preclude relocating the tower to the lower river and affect the reliability of aerial surveys. To determine whether an alternative method could be developed to improve the timeliness and accuracy of current escapement monitoring, Bendix sonar units were operated during 1987, 1988, and 1990. Two sonar stations were set up opposite each other at river kilometer 30 and were operated 24 hours per day, seven days per week. Catches from gill nets with 12, 14, and 20 cm stretch mesh, a beach seine, and visual observations were used to estimate species composition. Length and sex data were collected from salmon caught in the nets to assess sampling bias.</p><p>In 1987, sonar was used to select optimal sites and enumerate coho salmon. In 1988 and 1990, the sites identified in 1987 were used to estimate the escapement of five salmon species. Sockeye salmon escapement was estimated at 512,581 and 589,321, chinook at 7,698 and 15,098, chum at 246,144 and 134,958, coho at 78,588 and 28,290, and pink at 96,167 and 131,484. Sonar estimates of sockeye salmon were two to three times the Alaska Department of Fish and Game's escapement estimate based on aerial surveys and tower counts. The source of error was probably a combination of over-estimating the total number of targets counted by the sonar and by incorrectly estimating species composition.</p><p>Total salmon escapement estimates using sonar may be feasible but several more years of development are needed. Because of the overlapped salmon run timing, estimating species composition appears the most difficult aspect of using sonar for management. Possible improvements include using a larger beach seine or selecting gill net mesh sizes evenly spaced between 10 and 20 cm stretch mesh.</p><p>Salmon counts at river kilometer 30 would reduce the lag time between salmon river entry and the escapement estimate to 2-5 days. Any further decrease in lag time, however, would require moving the sonar operations downriver into less desirable braided portions of the river.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"King Salmon, AK","usgsCitation":"Irving, D.B., Finn, J.E., and Larson, J.P., 1995, Salmon escapement estimates into the Togiak River using sonar, Togiak National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska, 1987, 1988, and 1990: USFWS Alaska Fisheries Technical Report 31, v, 55 p.","productDescription":"v, 55 p.","numberOfPages":"61","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338141,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":338140,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.fws.gov/alaska/fisheries/fieldoffice/anchorage/field/pdf/reports/Togiak%20River%20Sonar%201987-1990%20TR%2031.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Togiak National Wildlife Refuge","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d3ce4b0236b68f98eee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Irving, David B.","contributorId":189720,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Irving","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finn, James E.","contributorId":11157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":685815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Larson, James P.","contributorId":189721,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019161,"text":"70019161 - 1995 - Using GIS for verification of bathymetric data from Long Island sound","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:16","indexId":"70019161","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Using GIS for verification of bathymetric data from Long Island sound","docAbstract":"Accurate depiction of the topography of the seafloor in coastal areas is needed for modeling of ecosystems and processes, and also as a framework for analyzing and displaying information used in management decisions. Often, errors must be corrected before acquired digital data bases can be used. To create an acceptable data set, two corrected versions of a Long Island Sound data base were compared with each other and with contours produced prior to the compilation of the digital data base.","largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 9th 1995 Conference on Coastal Zone","conferenceDate":"16 July 1995 through 21 July 1995","conferenceLocation":"Tampa, FL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"Grim, M.S., Seekins, B.A., and Chase, T., 1995, Using GIS for verification of bathymetric data from Long Island sound, <i>in</i> Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management, Tampa, FL, USA, 16 July 1995 through 21 July 1995, p. 159-160.","startPage":"159","endPage":"160","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226729,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc00fe4b08c986b329edd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grim, Muriel S.","contributorId":85591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grim","given":"Muriel","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seekins, Barbara A.","contributorId":64400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seekins","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chase, Thomas E.","contributorId":23916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"Thomas E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018925,"text":"70018925 - 1995 - Sediment resuspension mechanisms in Old Tampa Bay, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-03T15:12:47.938555","indexId":"70018925","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment resuspension mechanisms in Old Tampa Bay, Florida","docAbstract":"<p><span>The mechanisms that resuspend bottom sediments in Old Tampa Bay, a shallow, microtidal, subtropical estuary in west-central Florida, were determined by analysing data collected during several periods from 1988 to 1990. Hydrodynamic and suspended-solids concentration data were collected at a relatively deep (4</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m) site where a permanent platform was built and at a relatively shallow (1·5</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m) site where a submersible instrument package was deployed. Bottom sediments were non-cohesive silts and fine sands. The primary sediment resuspension mechanism at both sites was wind waves, which were generated by strong and sustained winds associated with winter storms and tropical storms. At the platform, waves were depth-transitional, and estimated bottom shear stresses were most sensitive to wave period and water depth. Concentrations of suspended solids at this site corresponded well with wave motion, and non-linear wave-current interaction was small. At the shallow-water site, concentrations of suspended solids were elevated during periods of strong north-easterly winds and large bottom orbital velocities. At both sites, wind direction was an important factor in determining the occurrence and magnitude of sediment resuspension. Resuspended sediments settled within several hours as storm intensity diminished. Winds and waves generated by thunderstorms were more transient than those generated by winter storms and tropical storms. Based on the data collected during this study, thunderstorms are less likely to resuspend bottom sediment than winter storms and tropical storms. Maximum tidal currents at the study sites are usually less than 15</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>cm s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>and did not increase observed concentrations of suspended solids.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/ecss.1995.0041","usgsCitation":"Schoellhamer, D., 1995, Sediment resuspension mechanisms in Old Tampa Bay, Florida: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 40, no. 6, p. 603-620, https://doi.org/10.1006/ecss.1995.0041.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"603","endPage":"620","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226483,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Old Tampa Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n       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H. 0000-0001-9488-7340","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":85624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70018803,"text":"70018803 - 1995 - Extending and expanding the life of older current meters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-06T08:31:25","indexId":"70018803","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Extending and expanding the life of older current meters","docAbstract":"The EG&G Model 610 VACM and Model 630 VMCM are standards for ocean current measurements. It is simple to add peripheral sensors to the data stream of the VACM by use of add-on CMOS circuitry. The firmware control of the VMCM makes it virtually impossible to add sampling of additional sensors. Most of the electronic components used in the VACM are obsolete or difficult to replace and the VMCM will soon follow suit. As a result, the USGS joined WHOI in the development of a PCMCIA data storage system to replace the cassette recording system in the VACM. Using the same PCMCIA recording package as the controller and recorder for the VMCM, a user-friendly VMCM is being designed. PCMCIA cards are rapidly becoming an industry standard with a wide range of storage capacities. By upgrading the VACM and VMCM to PCMCIA storage systems with a flexible microprocessor, they will continue to be viable instruments.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the IEEE Working Conference on Current Measurement","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1995 5th Working Conference on Current Measurement","conferenceDate":"7 February 1995 through 9 February 1995","conferenceLocation":"St.Petersburg, FL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","publisherLocation":"Piscataway, NJ, United States","doi":"10.1109/CCM.1995.516141","usgsCitation":"Strahle, W., and Martini, M.A., 1995, Extending and expanding the life of older current meters, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the IEEE Working Conference on Current Measurement, St.Petersburg, FL, USA, 7 February 1995 through 9 February 1995, p. 5-9, https://doi.org/10.1109/CCM.1995.516141.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"9","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480201,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1265532","text":"External Repository"},{"id":227008,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e40e4b0c8380cd5337c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Strahle, W.J.","contributorId":86044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strahle","given":"W.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martini, Marinna A. 0000-0002-7757-5158 mmartini@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7757-5158","contributorId":2456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martini","given":"Marinna","email":"mmartini@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":380798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018806,"text":"70018806 - 1995 - Determination of nanogram per liter concentrations of volatile organic compounds in water by capillary gas chromatography and selected ion monitoring mass spectrometry and its use to define groundwater flow directions in Edwards Aquifer, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-27T15:41:13.404596","indexId":"70018806","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of nanogram per liter concentrations of volatile organic compounds in water by capillary gas chromatography and selected ion monitoring mass spectrometry and its use to define groundwater flow directions in Edwards Aquifer, Texas","docAbstract":"A method has been developed to measure nanogram per liter amounts of selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, cis-1,2-dichloroethene, trichloroethene, tetrachloroethene, and the isomers of dichlorobenzene in water. The method uses purge-and-trap techniques on a 100 mL sample, gas chromatography with a megabore capillary column, and electron impact, selected ion monitoring mass spectrometry. Minimum detection levels for these compounds ranged from 1 to 4 ng/L in water. Recoveries from organic-free distilled water and natural groundwater ranged from 70.5% for dichlorodifluoromethane to 107.8% for 1,4-dichlorobenzene. Precision was generally best for cis-1,2-dichloroethene, tetrachloroethene, and the dichlorobenzene isomers and worst for dichlorodifluoromethane and trichlorofluoromethane. Blank data indicated persistent, trace-level introduction of dichlorodifluoromethane, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, and tetrachloroemene to samples during storage and shipment at concentrations less than the method reporting limits. The largest concentrations of the selected VOCs in 27 water samples from the Edwards aquifer near San Antonio, TX, were from confined-zone wells near an abandoned landfill. The results defined a zone of water with no detectable VOCs in nearly all of the aquifer west of San Antonio and from part of the confined zone beneath San Antonio.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Analytical Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/ac00116a008","issn":"00032700","usgsCitation":"Buszka, P., Rose, D., Ozuna, G., and Groschen, G., 1995, Determination of nanogram per liter concentrations of volatile organic compounds in water by capillary gas chromatography and selected ion monitoring mass spectrometry and its use to define groundwater flow directions in Edwards Aquifer, Texas: Analytical Chemistry, v. 67, no. 20, p. 3659-3667, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00116a008.","startPage":"3659","endPage":"3667","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227050,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffb8e4b0c8380cd4f35e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buszka, P.M.","contributorId":49001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buszka","given":"P.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, D.L.","contributorId":36960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ozuna, G. B.","contributorId":25205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ozuna","given":"G. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Groschen, G.E.","contributorId":17260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groschen","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70018924,"text":"70018924 - 1995 - The Geysers-Clear Lake geothermal area, California - An updated geophysical perspective of heat sources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-19T19:00:58.3654","indexId":"70018924","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1828,"text":"Geothermics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Geysers-Clear Lake geothermal area, California - An updated geophysical perspective of heat sources","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Geysers-Clear Lake geothermal area encompasses a large dry-steam production area in The Geysers field and a documented high-temperature, high-pressure, water-dominated system in the area largely south of Clear Lake, which has not been developed. Both systems have been extensively studied with geophysical techniques, drilling, and geological mapping during the past 20 years. An updated view is presented of the geological/geophysical complexities of the crust in The Geysers-Clear Lake region in order to address key unanswered questions about the heat source and tectonics. Early geophysical interpretations used a gravity low centered in the area between Clear Lake and The Geysers to suggest that a large magma chamber existed at depths starting at about 7 km. This first-order assumption of a large magma chamber expressed in the gravity data was used as a guide in subsequent geophysical and geological interpretations. Drill-hole temperature evidence is strongly suggestive of a shallow, hot-intrusive body, but in this paper the complexities are documented of the geological and geophysical data sets that make it difficult to pinpoint the location of “magma” or hot, solidified intrusive material. Forward modeling, multidimensional inversions, and ideal body analysis of the gravity data, new electromagnetic sounding models, and arguments made from other geophysical data sets suggest that many of the geophysical anomalies have significant contributions from rock property and physical state variations in the upper 7 km and not from ”magma“ at greater depths. Regional tectonic and magmatic processes are analyzed to develop an updated scenario for pluton emplacement that differs substantially from earlier interpretations. In addition, a rationale is outlined for future exploration for geothermal resources in The Geysers-Clear Lake area.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6505(94)00048-H","issn":"03756505","usgsCitation":"Stanley, W.D., and Blakely, R., 1995, The Geysers-Clear Lake geothermal area, California - An updated geophysical perspective of heat sources: Geothermics, v. 24, no. 2, p. 187-221, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(94)00048-H.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"221","numberOfPages":"35","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226482,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba757e4b08c986b3214ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanley, W. D.","contributorId":86756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blakely, R.J. 0000-0003-1701-5236","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":70755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018756,"text":"70018756 - 1995 - Strong-acid, carboxyl-group structures in fulvic acid from the Suwannee River, Georgia. 1. Minor structures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T07:44:15","indexId":"70018756","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strong-acid, carboxyl-group structures in fulvic acid from the Suwannee River, Georgia. 1. Minor structures","docAbstract":"An investigation of the strong-acid characteristics (pKa 3.0 or less) of fulvic acid from the Suwannee River, Georgia, was conducted. Quantitative determinations were made for amino acid and sulfur-containing acid structures, oxalate half-ester structures, malonic acid structures, keto acid structures, and aromatic carboxyl-group structures. These determinations were made by using a variety of spectrometric (13C-nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, and ultraviolet spectrometry) and titrimetric characterizations on fulvic acid or fulvic acid samples that were chemically derivatized to indicate certain functional groups. Only keto acid and aromatic carboxyl-group structures contributed significantly to the strong-acid characteristics of the fulvic acid; these structures accounted for 43% of the strong-acid acidity. The remaining 57% of the strong acids are aliphatic carboxyl groups in unusual and/or complex configurations for which limited model compound data are available.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es00002a015","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Leenheer, J., Wershaw, R., and Reddy, M., 1995, Strong-acid, carboxyl-group structures in fulvic acid from the Suwannee River, Georgia. 1. Minor structures: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 29, no. 2, p. 393-398, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00002a015.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"393","endPage":"398","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227049,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9b8de4b08c986b31cf76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leenheer, J.A.","contributorId":75123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leenheer","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wershaw, R.L.","contributorId":62223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reddy, M.M.","contributorId":24363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018807,"text":"70018807 - 1995 - Relations between pesticide use and riverine flux in the Mississippi River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-27T14:57:01.195032","indexId":"70018807","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relations between pesticide use and riverine flux in the Mississippi River Basin","docAbstract":"In an intensive subcontimental study of pesticides in surface waters of the United States, concentrations of 26 high-use pesticides were measured at nine sites in the Mississippi River basin from May 1991 through March 1992. Calculated total fluxes were combined with agricultural-use data to estimate the percentage of applied pesticide reaching the mouths of the Mississippi River and six major tributaries. For most pesticides, the riverine flux was less than 2% of the mass applied agriculturally. The insecticide diazinon was detected frequently in rivers draining the three basins with the highest population densities, apparently as a result of urban use.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0045-6535(95)00176-9","usgsCitation":"Larson, S., Capel, P.D., Goolsby, D.A., Zaugg, S.D., and Sandstrom, M.W., 1995, Relations between pesticide use and riverine flux in the Mississippi River Basin: Chemosphere, v. 31, no. 5, p. 3305-3321, https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(95)00176-9.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"3305","endPage":"3321","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227051,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.4287109375,\n              29.726222319395504\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.736328125,\n              32.13840869677249\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.71484375,\n              33.797408767572485\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.814453125,\n              34.45221847282654\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.001953125,\n              36.35052700542763\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.8046875,\n              39.9434364619742\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.6728515625,\n              42.13082130188811\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.5400390625,\n              41.60722821271717\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.6708984375,\n              41.409775832009565\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.978515625,\n              43.35713822211053\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.736328125,\n              45.36758436884978\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.17578124999999,\n              46.58906908309182\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.52636718749999,\n              46.98025235521883\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.6357421875,\n              46.649436163350245\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.513671875,\n              48.719961222646276\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.23828125,\n              48.951366470947725\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.521484375,\n              49.03786794532644\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.466796875,\n              44.933696389694674\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.3134765625,\n              44.43377984606822\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.6328125,\n              43.03677585761058\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.67675781249999,\n              42.52069952914966\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.64453124999999,\n              40.27952566881291\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.8203125,\n              37.47485808497102\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.23828125,\n              34.63320791137959\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.294921875,\n              33.17434155100208\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.779296875,\n              30.977609093348686\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.6474609375,\n              29.76437737516313\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.8681640625,\n              28.8831596093235\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.9892578125,\n              29.036960648558267\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.4287109375,\n              29.726222319395504\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a6fae4b0e8fec6cdc31f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, Steven J.","contributorId":29845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Steven J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Capel, Paul D. 0000-0003-1620-5185 capel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-5185","contributorId":1002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"Paul","email":"capel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":380814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goolsby, Donald A.","contributorId":46083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zaugg, Steven D. sdzaugg@usgs.gov","contributorId":768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaugg","given":"Steven","email":"sdzaugg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":380813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sandstrom, Mark W. 0000-0003-0006-5675 sandstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0006-5675","contributorId":706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandstrom","given":"Mark","email":"sandstro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":380811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70018918,"text":"70018918 - 1995 - Pesticides in near-surface aquifers: An assessment using highly sensitive analytical methods and tritium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T07:06:48","indexId":"70018918","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pesticides in near-surface aquifers: An assessment using highly sensitive analytical methods and tritium","docAbstract":"<p>In 1992, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) determined the distribution of pesticides in near-surface aquifers of the midwestern USA to be much more widespread than originally determined during a 1991 USGS study. The frequency of pesticide detection increased from 28.4% during the 1991 study to 59.0% during the 1992 study. This increase in pesticide detection was primarily the result of a more sensitive analytical method that used reporting limits as much as 20 times lower than previously available and a threefold increase in the number of pesticide metabolites analyzed. No pesticide concentrations exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPAs) maximum contaminant levels or health advisory levels for drinking water. However, five of the six most frequently detected compounds during 1992 were pesticide metabolites that currently do not have drinking water standards determined. The frequent presence of pesticide metabolites for this study documents the importance of obtaining information on these compounds to understand the fate and transport of pesticides in the hydrologic system. It appears that the 56 parent compounds analyzed follow similar pathways through the hydrologic system as atrazine. When atrazine was detected by routine or sensitive analytical methods, there was an increased likelihood of detecting additional parent compounds. As expected, the frequency of pesticide detection was highly dependent on the analytical reporting limit. The number of atrazine detections more than doubled as the reporting limit decreased from 0.10 to 0.01 &micro;g/L. The 1992 data provided no indication that the frequency of pesticide detection would level off as improved analytical methods provide concentrations below 0.003 &micro;g/L. A relation was determined between groundwater age and the frequency of pesticide detection, with 15.8% of the samples composed of pre-1953 water and 70.3% of the samples of post-1953 water having a detection of at least one pesticide or metabolite. Pre-1953 water is less likely to contain pesticides because it tends to predate the use of pesticides to increase crop production in the Midwest. Pre-1953 water was more likely to occur in the near-surface bedrock aquifers (50.0%) than in the near-surface unconsolidated aquifers (9.1%) sampled.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq1995.00472425002400060011x","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Kolpin, D., Goolsby, D.A., and Thurman, E., 1995, Pesticides in near-surface aquifers: An assessment using highly sensitive analytical methods and tritium: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 24, no. 6, p. 1125-1132, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1995.00472425002400060011x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1125","endPage":"1132","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226351,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7757e4b0c8380cd7848b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolpin, D.W.","contributorId":87565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goolsby, D. A.","contributorId":50508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70187652,"text":"70187652 - 1995 - Effects of empirical versus model-based reflectance calibration on automated analysis of imaging spectrometer data: a case study from the Drum Mountains, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-12T10:30:59","indexId":"70187652","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of empirical versus model-based reflectance calibration on automated analysis of imaging spectrometer data: a case study from the Drum Mountains, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>Data collected by the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) have been calibrated to surface reflectance using an empirical method and an atmospheric model-based method. Single spectra extracted from both calibrated data sets for locations with known mineralogy compared favorably with laboratory and field spectral measurements of samples from the same locations. Generally, spectral features were somewhat subdued in data calibrated using the model-based method when compared with those calibrated using the empirical method. Automated feature extraction and expert system analysis techniques have been successfully applied to both data sets to produce similar endmember probability images and spectral endmember libraries. Linear spectral unmixing procedures applied to both calibrated data sets produced similar image maps. These comparisons demonstrated the utility of the model-based approach for atmospherically correcting imaging spectrometer data prior to extraction of scientific information. The results indicated that imaging spectrometer data can be calibrated and analyzed without a priori knowledge of the remote target. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"ASPRS","usgsCitation":"Dwyer, J.L., Kruse, F.A., and Lefkoff, A.B., 1995, Effects of empirical versus model-based reflectance calibration on automated analysis of imaging spectrometer data: a case study from the Drum Mountains, Utah: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 61, no. 10, p. 1247-1254.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1247","endPage":"1254","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341193,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5916c9bfe4b044b359e486d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dwyer, John L. 0000-0002-8281-0896 dwyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8281-0896","contributorId":3481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"John","email":"dwyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kruse, Fred A.","contributorId":26811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kruse","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lefkoff, Adam B.","contributorId":191981,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lefkoff","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018993,"text":"70018993 - 1995 - Analysis of factors affecting the accuracy, reproducibility, and interpretation of microbial community carbon source utilization patterns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-17T19:08:40.785528","indexId":"70018993","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of factors affecting the accuracy, reproducibility, and interpretation of microbial community carbon source utilization patterns","docAbstract":"We determined factors that affect responses of bacterial isolates and model bacterial communities to the 95 carbon substrates in Biolog microliter plates. For isolates and communities of three to six bacterial strains, substrate oxidation rates were typically nonlinear and were delayed by dilution of the inoculum. When inoculum density was controlled, patterns of positive and negative responses exhibited by microbial communities to each of the carbon sources were reproducible. Rates and extents of substrate oxidation by the communities were also reproducible but were not simply the sum of those exhibited by community members when tested separately. Replicates of the same model community clustered when analyzed by principal- components analysis (PCA), and model communities with different compositions were clearly separated un the first PCA axis, which accounted for >60% of the dataset variation. PCA discrimination among different model communities depended on the extent to which specific substrates were oxidized. However, the substrates interpreted by PCA to be most significant in distinguishing the communities changed with reading time, reflecting the nonlinearity of substrate oxidation rates. Although whole-community substrate utilization profiles were reproducible signatures for a given community, the extent of oxidation of specific substrates and the numbers or activities of microorganisms using those substrates in a given community were not correlated. Replicate soil samples varied significantly in the rate and extent of oxidation of seven tested substrates, suggesting microscale heterogeneity in composition of the soil microbial community.","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/aem.61.4.1458-1468.1995","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Haack, S., Garchow, H., Klug, M., and Forney, L., 1995, Analysis of factors affecting the accuracy, reproducibility, and interpretation of microbial community carbon source utilization patterns: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 61, no. 4, p. 1458-1468, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.61.4.1458-1468.1995.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1458","endPage":"1468","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479240,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.61.4.1458-1468.1995","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":226809,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -85.40436860904603,\n              42.40664834446247\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.40284550788013,\n              42.404892059286595\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.40253254188673,\n              42.404476089806224\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.40213611829607,\n              42.40407552399654\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.40055042393165,\n              42.40324357145039\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.40040437313458,\n              42.40301247156313\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.39817188238531,\n              42.403089504953186\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.3982970687824,\n              42.40390605307627\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.39815101798537,\n              42.4058780499999\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.40146845751065,\n              42.406617532865454\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.40257427068597,\n              42.40709511091677\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.40320020267214,\n              42.40751106303156\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.40436860904603,\n              42.40664834446247\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"61","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb12e4b0c8380cd48bd6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haack, S.K.","contributorId":26457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haack","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garchow, H.","contributorId":102647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garchow","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klug, M.J.","contributorId":33070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klug","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Forney, L.J.","contributorId":49118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forney","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70019032,"text":"70019032 - 1995 - A survey of natural aggregate properties and characteristics important in remote sensing and airborne geophysics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:15","indexId":"70019032","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2879,"text":"Nonrenewable Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A survey of natural aggregate properties and characteristics important in remote sensing and airborne geophysics","docAbstract":"Natural aggregate is vital to the construction industry. Although natural aggregate is a high volume/low value commodity that is abundant, new sources are becoming increasingly difficult to find and develop because of rigid industry specifications, political considerations, development and transportation costs, and environmental concerns. There are two primary sources of natural aggregate: (1) exposed or near-surface bedrock that can be crushed, and (2) deposits of sand and gravel. Remote sensing and airborne geophysics detect surface and near-surface phenomena, and may be useful for detecting and mapping potential aggregate sources; however, before a methodology for applying these techniques can be developed, it is necessary to understand the type, distribution, physical properties, and characteristics of natural aggregate deposits. The distribution of potential aggregate sources is closely tied to local geologic history. Conventional exploration for natural aggregate deposits has been largely a ground-based operation, although aerial photographs and topographic maps have been extensively used to target possible deposits. Today, the exploration process also considers factors such as the availability of the land, space and water supply for processing, political and environmental factors, and distance from the market; exploration and planning cannot be separated. There are many physical properties and characteristics by which to judge aggregate material for specific applications; most of these properties and characteristics pertain only to individual aggregate particles. The application of remote sensing and airborne geophysical measurements to detecting and mapping potential aggregate sources, however, is based on intrinsic bulk physical properties and extrinsic characteristics of the deposits that can be directly measured, mathematically derived from measurement, or interpreted with remote sensing and geophysical data. ?? 1995 Oxford UniversityPress.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nonrenewable Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF02257020","issn":"09611444","usgsCitation":"Knepper, D.H., Langer, W.H., and Miller, S., 1995, A survey of natural aggregate properties and characteristics important in remote sensing and airborne geophysics: Nonrenewable Resources, v. 4, no. 1, p. 99-120, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02257020.","startPage":"99","endPage":"120","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226813,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205793,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02257020"}],"volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5e0e4b0c8380cd46fe7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knepper, D. H. Jr.","contributorId":106129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knepper","given":"D.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langer, W. H.","contributorId":44932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, S.","contributorId":60351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70187033,"text":"70187033 - 1995 - Assessment of forest fragmentation in southern New England using remote sensing and geographic information systems technology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-20T11:08:00","indexId":"70187033","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of forest fragmentation in southern New England using remote sensing and geographic information systems technology","docAbstract":"<p><span>Spatial patterns and rates of forest fragmentation were assessed using digital remote sensing data for a region in southern New England that included 157 townships in southern New Hampshire and northeastern Massachusetts. The study area has undergone marked population increases over the last several decades. Following classification of 1973 and 1988 Landsat Multispectral Scanner data into forest and nonforest classes, data were incorporated into a geographic information system. The natural logarithms of forest area to perimeter ratios, referred to as the forest continuity index, were used to assess patterns and trends of forest fragmentation across the region Forest continuity index values were extracted from each township for both data sets and compared with population data. Forest continuity index values were found to decrease with increasing population density until about 200 persons per square kilometer, after which the relationship stabilized. With slight population increases at low densities forest continuity index values declined sharply, implying abrupt increases in forest fragmentation. Results from the study indicated good negative correlations (r</span><sup>2</sup><span> values of 0.81 and 0.77) between the Multispectral Scanner-derived forest continuity index and natural logs of township population density. Socioeconomic indicators such as affluence and commuting patterns did not appear to correlate well with forest fragmentation estimates. Decreases in forest continuity index values occurred throughout much of the study region between 1973 and 1988, suggesting that forest fragmentation is occurring over large regions within the eastern United States. It is technologically feasible to assess patterns and rates of forest fragmentation across much larger areas than analyzed in this study; such analyses would provide useful overviews enabling objective assessment of the magnitude of forest fragmentation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.9020439.x","usgsCitation":"Vogelmann, J., 1995, Assessment of forest fragmentation in southern New England using remote sensing and geographic information systems technology: Conservation Biology, v. 9, no. 2, p. 439-449, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.9020439.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"439","endPage":"449","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339961,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts, New Hampshire","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72.4053955078125,\n              42.26511445833756\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.5487060546875,\n              42.26511445833756\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.5487060546875,\n              43.329173667843904\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.4053955078125,\n              43.329173667843904\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.4053955078125,\n              42.26511445833756\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-01-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f877c4e4b0b7ea54521c4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vogelmann, James E. 0000-0002-0804-5823 vogel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0804-5823","contributorId":649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogelmann","given":"James E.","email":"vogel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":692022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70018814,"text":"70018814 - 1995 - Evidence of active dune sand on the Great Plains in the 19th century from accounts of early explorers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-25T13:35:04","indexId":"70018814","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence of active dune sand on the Great Plains in the 19th century from accounts of early explorers","docAbstract":"Dune fields are found in several areas of the Great Plains, and though mostly stabilised today, the accounts of early explorers show that they were more mobile in the last century. Using an index of dune mobility and tree ring data, it is found that these periods of mobility were related to temperature-induced drought, the high temperatures increasing evapotranspiration. Explorers also record that rivers upwind of these dune fields had shallow braided channels in the 19th century, and these would have supplied further aeolian sand. It is concluded that these dunes are extremely susceptible to climate change and that it may not need global warming to increase their mobility again. -K.Clayton","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1006/qres.1995.1020","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D., and Holliday, V., 1995, Evidence of active dune sand on the Great Plains in the 19th century from accounts of early explorers: Quaternary Research, v. 43, no. 2, p. 198-208, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.1995.1020.","startPage":"198","endPage":"208","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227139,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266467,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1995.1020"}],"volume":"43","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d5ee4b0c8380cd52f9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, D.R. 0000-0001-7449-251X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":61460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holliday, V.T.","contributorId":107048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holliday","given":"V.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018823,"text":"70018823 - 1995 - The spectra program library: A PC based system for gamma-ray spectra analysis and INAA data reduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:13","indexId":"70018823","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2439,"text":"Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The spectra program library: A PC based system for gamma-ray spectra analysis and INAA data reduction","docAbstract":"A PC based system has been developed for the analysis of gamma-ray spectra and for the complete reduction of data from INAA experiments, including software to average the results from mulitple lines and multiple countings and to produce a final report of analysis. Graphics algorithms may be called for the analysis of complex spectral features, to compare the data from alternate photopeaks and to evaluate detector performance during a given counting cycle. A database of results for control samples can be used to prepare quality control charts to evaluate long term precision and to search for systemic variations in data on reference samples as a function of time. The entire software library can be accessed through a user-friendly menu interface with internal help.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/BF02038245","issn":"02365731","usgsCitation":"Baedecker, P.A., and Grossman, J.N., 1995, The spectra program library: A PC based system for gamma-ray spectra analysis and INAA data reduction: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, v. 198, no. 1, p. 55-68, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02038245.","startPage":"55","endPage":"68","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205750,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02038245"},{"id":226563,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"198","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb05ae4b08c986b324de8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baedecker, P. A.","contributorId":95444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baedecker","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grossman, J. N.","contributorId":41840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grossman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019082,"text":"70019082 - 1995 - Mercury cycling in the Allequash Creek watershed, northern Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-22T08:17:32","indexId":"70019082","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury cycling in the Allequash Creek watershed, northern Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Although there have been recent significant gains in our understanding of mercury (Hg) cycling in aquatic environments, few studies have addressed Hg cycling on a watershed scale in particular, attention to Hg species transfer between watershed components (upland soils, groundwater, wetlands, streams, and lakes) has been lacking. This study describes spatial and temporal distributions of total Hg and MeHg among watershed components of the Allequash Creek watershed (northern Wisconsin, USA). Substantial increases in total Hg and MeHg were observed as groundwater discharged through peat to form springs that flow into the stream, or rivulets that drain across the surface of the wetland. This increase was concomitant with increases in DOC. During fall, when the Allequash Creek wetland released a substantial amount of DOC to the stream, a 23 fold increase in total Hg concentrations was observed along the entire length of the stream. Methylmercury, however, did not show a similar response. Substantial variability was observed in total Hg (0.9 to 6.3) and MeHg (<0.02 to 0.33) concentrations during synoptic surveys of the entire creek. For the Allequash Creek watershed, the contributing groundwater basin is about 50% larger than the topographic drainage basin. Total Hg concentrations in groundwater, the area of the groundwater basin, and annual stream flow data give a watershed-yield rate of 12 mg/km2/d, which equates to a retention rate of 96%. The calculated MeHg yield rate for the wetland area is 0.6 to 1.5 mg/km2/d, a value that is 3-6 fold greater than the atmospheric deposition rate.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01189692","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Krabbenhoft, D., Benoit, J., Babiarz, C., Hurley, J., and Andren, A., 1995, Mercury cycling in the Allequash Creek watershed, northern Wisconsin: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 80, no. 1-4, p. 425-433, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01189692.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"425","endPage":"433","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226946,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205817,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01189692"}],"volume":"80","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a53fce4b0c8380cd6ce4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benoit, J.M.","contributorId":102648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benoit","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Babiarz, Christopher L.","contributorId":101822,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Babiarz","given":"Christopher L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hurley, J.P.","contributorId":97645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurley","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Andren, A.W.","contributorId":49121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andren","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":72595,"text":"fs11395 - 1995 - U.S. Geological Survey Federal-State Cooperative Water-Resources Program in Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-29T06:23:17","indexId":"fs11395","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"113-95","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Federal-State Cooperative Water-Resources Program in Nebraska","docAbstract":"Federal, State, and local agencies share keen\ninterests in appraising the Nation's water\nresources and in seeking solutions to waterrelated\nproblems. The U.S. Geological Survey\n(USGS) Federal-State Cooperative\nWater-Resources Program was initiated in\n1895 to address the diversity in missions\nand areas of responsibility of various agencies\nthrough joint planning and funding of\nhydrologic data collection, investigations,\nand research. During the 100-year history of\nthe cooperative program, the USGS has performed\nmany data-collection and investigation\nactivities in cooperation with a variety\nof State and local agencies to help meet\ntheir goals and to carry out the principal\nmission of the Water Resources Division of\nthe USGS--to further the understanding of\nwater reSources throughout the Nation. The\n.cooperative program represents almost 50\npercent of USGS water-related activities in\nNebraska and is a vital component in\naddressing water issues of local, State, and\nNational interest.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs11395","usgsCitation":"Weiss, L.S., 1995, U.S. Geological Survey Federal-State Cooperative Water-Resources Program in Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 113-95, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs11395.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287715,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287714,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/0113-95/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.0535,39.9999 ], [ -104.0535,43.0017 ], [ -95.3083,43.0017 ], [ -95.3083,39.9999 ], [ -104.0535,39.9999 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2be4b07f02db6131c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weiss, Linda S. lsweiss@usgs.gov","contributorId":2955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiss","given":"Linda","email":"lsweiss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":285771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":55091,"text":"wdrWI941 - 1995 - Water resources data, Wisconsin, water year 1994. Volume 1. St. Lawrence River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-06T21:29:27.22952","indexId":"wdrWI941","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"WI-94-1","title":"Water resources data, Wisconsin, water year 1994. Volume 1. St. Lawrence River basin","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrWI941","usgsCitation":"Holmstrom, B.K., Kammerer, P., and Ellefson, B., 1995, Water resources data, Wisconsin, water year 1994. Volume 1. 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,{"id":54519,"text":"wdrFL942A - 1995 - Water resources data, Florida, water year 1994. Volume 2A: South Florida - surface water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-14T19:18:46.789118","indexId":"wdrFL942A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"FL-94-2A","title":"Water resources data, Florida, water year 1994. Volume 2A: South Florida - surface water","docAbstract":"<p>Water resources data for 1994 water year in Florida consists of continuous or daily discharge for 320 streams, periodic discharge for 11 streams, miscellaneous discharge for 32 streams, continuous or daily stage for 120 streams, continuous daily tide stage for 11 sites, periodic stage for 0 streams, peak discharge for 19 streams, and peak stage for 19 streams; continuous or daily elevations for 74 lakes, periodic elevations for 74 lakes; continuous ground-water levels for 442 wells, periodic ground-water levels for 716 wells, and miscellaneous water level measurements for 1,208 wells; quality of water data for 121 surface-water sites and 319 wells.</p><p>The data for South Florida included continuous or daily discharge for 74 streams, continuous or daily stage for 59 streams, peak stage discharge for no streams, continuous elevation for 1 lake; continuous groundwater levels for 224 wells, periodic ground-water levels for 437 wells and no miscellaneous water-level measurements; quality-of-water for 9 surface-water sites and 247 wells.</p><p>The data represent the National Water Data System records collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperation with local, state, and federal agencies in Florida.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrFL942A","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Florida and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Price, C., Murray, M., and Patino, E., 1995, Water resources data, Florida, water year 1994. Volume 2A: South Florida - surface water: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report FL-94-2A, xii, 278 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrFL942A.","productDescription":"xii, 278 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":430229,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1994/fl-94-2-a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":182109,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1994/fl-94-2-a/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"south Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.54292766557523,\n              27.197209321344232\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.54292766557523,\n              24.556157213885967\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.46983944201924,\n              24.556157213885967\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.46983944201924,\n              27.197209321344232\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.54292766557523,\n              27.197209321344232\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fbba6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Price, C.","contributorId":12910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murray, M.","contributorId":89960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Patino, E.","contributorId":72452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patino","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":54521,"text":"wdrFL943A - 1995 - Water resources data, Florida, water year 1994. Volume 3A: Southwest Florida - surface water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-21T15:01:46.523402","indexId":"wdrFL943A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"FL-94-3A","title":"Water resources data, Florida, water year 1994. Volume 3A: Southwest Florida - surface water","docAbstract":"<p>Water resources data for the 1994 water year in Florida consist of continuous or daily discharge for 320 streams, periodic discharge for 11 streams, miscellaneous discharge for 32 streams, continuous or daily stage for 120 streams, continuous daily tide stage for 11 sites, periodic stage for 0 streams, peak discharge for 19 streams, and peak stage for 19 streams, continuous or daily elevations for 74 lakes, periodic elevations for 74 lakes, continuous ground-water levels for 442 wells, periodic ground-water levels for 716 wells, and miscellaneous water level measurements for 1208 wells; quality-of-water data for 121 surface-water sites and 319 wells.</p><p>The data for Southwest Florida include records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams, contents, water quality of lakes and reservoirs, and water levels and water quality of ground-water wells. Volume 3A contains continuous or daily discharge for 75 streams, periodic discharge for 2 streams, miscellaneous discharge for 13 streams, continuous or daily stage for 21 streams, peak discharge for 14 streams, continuous elevations for 3 lakes, periodic elevations for 27 lakes, and quality-of-water for 72 surface-water sites.</p><p>These data represent the national Water Data System records collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating local, state, and federal agencies in Florida.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrFL943A","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Florida and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Coffin, J., and Fletcher, W., 1995, Water resources data, Florida, water year 1994. Volume 3A: Southwest Florida - surface water: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report FL-94-3A, xvi, 259 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrFL943A.","productDescription":"xvi, 259 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182111,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1994/fl-94-3-a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":430293,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1994/fl-94-3-a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"southwest Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.27155727270949,\n              28.864649598257543\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.27155727270949,\n              26.785229515378376\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.64924111676652,\n              26.785229515378376\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.64924111676652,\n              28.864649598257543\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.27155727270949,\n              28.864649598257543\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fbc19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coffin, J.E.","contributorId":75913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coffin","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fletcher, W.L.","contributorId":97977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":54522,"text":"wdrFL943B - 1995 - Water resources data, Florida, water year 1994. Volume 3B: Southwest Florida - ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-17T17:54:51.482405","indexId":"wdrFL943B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"FL-94-3B","title":"Water resources data, Florida, water year 1994. Volume 3B: Southwest Florida - ground water","docAbstract":"<p>Water resources data for the 1994 water year in Florida consist of continuous or daily discharges for 320 streams, periodic discharge for 11 streams, miscellaneous discharge for 32 streams, continuous or daily stage for 120 streams, continuous daily tide stage for 11 sites, periodic stage for 0 streams, peak discharge for 19 streams, and peak stage for 19 streams, continuous or daily elevations for 74 lakes, periodic elevations for 74 lakes, continuous ground-water levels for 442 wells, periodic ground-water levels for 716 wells, and miscellaneous water level measurements for 1208 wells; quality-of-water data for 121 surface-water sites and 319 wells.</p><p>The data for Southwest Florida include records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams, contents, water quality of lakes and reservoirs, and water levels and water quality of ground-water wells. Volume 3B contains records for continuous ground-water elevations for 172 wells, periodic ground-water elevations at 111 wells, miscellaneous ground-water elevations at 401 wells; and water quality at 6 ground-water sites.</p><p>These data represent the national Water Data System records collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating local, state, and federal agencies in Florida.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrFL943B","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Florida and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Coffin, J., and Fletcher, W., 1995, Water resources data, Florida, water year 1994. Volume 3B: Southwest Florida - ground water: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report FL-94-3B, viii, 219 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrFL943B.","productDescription":"viii, 219 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":430296,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1994/fl-94-3-b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":182112,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1994/fl-94-3-b/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"southwest Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.27155727270949,\n              28.864649598257543\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.27155727270949,\n              26.785229515378376\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.64924111676652,\n              26.785229515378376\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.64924111676652,\n              28.864649598257543\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.27155727270949,\n              28.864649598257543\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fbc20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coffin, J.E.","contributorId":75913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coffin","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fletcher, W.L.","contributorId":97977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":54754,"text":"wdrNC941 - 1995 - Water resources data, North Carolina, water year 1994. Volume 1. Surface-water records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-06T20:58:31.313215","indexId":"wdrNC941","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NC-94-1","title":"Water resources data, North Carolina, water year 1994. Volume 1. Surface-water records","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrNC941","usgsCitation":"Ragland, B., Smith, D., Barker, R., and Rinehardt, J., 1995, Water resources data, North Carolina, water year 1994. Volume 1. 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