{"pageNumber":"1336","pageRowStart":"33375","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165359,"records":[{"id":70100655,"text":"70100655 - 2014 - Spatial and temporal patterns of endocrine active chemicals in small streams indicate differential exposure to aquatic organisms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T16:12:56","indexId":"70100655","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T10:32:45","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal patterns of endocrine active chemicals in small streams indicate differential exposure to aquatic organisms","docAbstract":"Alkylphenolic chemicals (APCs) and hormones were measured six times from February through October 2007 in three Minnesota streams receiving wastewater to identify spatial and temporal patterns in concentrations and in estrogen equivalency. Fish were collected once during the study to evaluate endpoints indicative of endocrine disruption. The most commonly detected APCs were 4-tert-octylphenol and 4-nonylphenol and the most commonly detected hormones were estrone and androstenedione. Chemical concentrations were greatest for nonylphenol ethoxycarboxylates (NPECs) (5,000-140,000 ng/l), followed by 4-nonlylphenol and 4-nonylphenolethoxylates (50-880 ng/l), 4-tert-octylphenol and 4-tert-octylphenolethoxylates with concentrations as great as 130 ng/l, and hormones (0.1-54 ng/l). Patterns in chemicals and estrogen equivalency indicated that wastewater effluent is a pathway of APCs and hormones to downstream locations in this study. However, upstream contributions can be equally or more important indicating alternative sources. This study indicates that aquatic organisms experience both spatially and temporally variable exposures in the number of compounds, total concentrations, and estrogenicity. This variability was evident in fish collected from the three rivers as no clear upstream to downstream pattern of endocrine disruption endpoints emerged.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jawr.12162","usgsCitation":"Lee, K.E., Barber, L.B., and Schoenfuss, H., 2014, Spatial and temporal patterns of endocrine active chemicals in small streams indicate differential exposure to aquatic organisms: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 50, no. 2, p. 401-419, https://doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12162.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"401","endPage":"419","ipdsId":"IP-043754","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285699,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":285660,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12162"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.24,43.5 ], [ -97.24,49.38 ], [ -89.49,49.38 ], [ -89.49,43.5 ], [ -97.24,43.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"50","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517064e4b05569d805a3c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, K. E.","contributorId":100014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barber, L. B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schoenfuss, H.L.","contributorId":103877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoenfuss","given":"H.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70047332,"text":"70047332 - 2014 - Reconnaissance of pharmaceuticals and wastewater indicators in streambed sediments of the lower Columbia River basin, Oregon and Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-14T16:07:35","indexId":"70047332","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T10:32:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reconnaissance of pharmaceuticals and wastewater indicators in streambed sediments of the lower Columbia River basin, Oregon and Washington","docAbstract":"One by-product of advances in modern chemistry is the accumulation of synthetic chemicals in the natural environment.  These compounds include contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), some of which are endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) that can have detrimental reproductive effects.  The role of sediments in accumulating these types of chemicals and acting as a source of exposure for aquatic organisms is not well understood.  Here we present a small-scale reconnaissance of CECs in bed sediments of the lower Columbia River and several tributaries and urban streams.  Surficial bed sediment samples were collected from the Columbia River, the Willamette River, the Tualatin River, and several small urban creeks in Oregon.  Thirty-nine compounds were detected at concentrations ranging from <1 to >1,000 ng [g sediment]<sup>-1</sup> dry weight basis.  Columbia River mainstem, suggesting a higher risk of exposure to aquatic life in lower order streams.  Ten known or suspected EDCs were detected during the study.  At least one EDC was detected at 21 of 23 sites sampled; several EDCs were detected in sediment from most sites. This study is the first to document the occurrence of a large suite of CECs in the sediments of the Columbia River basin.  A better understanding of the role of sediment in the fate and effects of emerging contaminants is needed.","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/jawr.12161","usgsCitation":"Nilsen, E., Furlong, E.T., and Rosenbauer, R., 2014, Reconnaissance of pharmaceuticals and wastewater indicators in streambed sediments of the lower Columbia River basin, Oregon and Washington: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 50, no. 2, p. 291-301, https://doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12161.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"291","endPage":"301","ipdsId":"IP-046284","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473074,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/64g1j3sh","text":"External Repository"},{"id":287160,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287159,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12161"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon;Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River","volume":"50","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53749074e4b0870f4d23cfdd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nilsen, Elena","contributorId":16758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nilsen","given":"Elena","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenbauer, Robert","contributorId":9551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbauer","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70148668,"text":"70148668 - 2014 - Otolith microchemistry of tropical diadromous fishes: spatial and migratory dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-19T09:33:17","indexId":"70148668","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Otolith microchemistry of tropical diadromous fishes: spatial and migratory dynamics","docAbstract":"<p>Otolith microchemistry was applied to quantify migratory variation and the proportion of native Caribbean stream fishes that undergo full or partial marine migration. Strontium and barium water chemistry in four Puerto Rico, U.S.A., rivers was clearly related to a salinity gradient; however, variation in water barium, and thus fish otoliths, was also dependent on river basin. Strontium was the most accurate index of longitudinal migration in tropical diadromous fish otoliths. Among the four species examined, bigmouth sleeper <i>Gobiomorus dormitor</i>, mountain mullet <i>Agonostomus monticola</i>, sirajo goby <i>Sicydium</i> spp. and river goby <i>Awaous banana</i>, most individuals were fully amphidromous, but 9-12% were semi-amphidromous as recruits, having never experienced marine or estuarine conditions in early life stages and showing no evidence of marine elemental signatures in their otolith core. Populations of one species, <i>G. dormitor</i>, may have contained a small contingent of semi-amphidromous adults, migratory individuals that periodically occupied marine or estuarine habitats (4%); however, adult migratory elemental signatures may have been confounded with those related to diet and physiology. These findings indicate the plasticity of migratory strategies of tropical diadromous fishes, which may be more variable than simple categorization might suggest.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Fisheries Society of the British Isles","publisherLocation":"London","doi":"10.1111/jfb.12317","collaboration":"Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources through Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration; North Carolina State University, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute","usgsCitation":"Smith, W.E., and Kwak, T.J., 2014, Otolith microchemistry of tropical diadromous fishes: spatial and migratory dynamics: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 84, no. 4, p. 913-928, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12317.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"913","endPage":"928","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052655","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301327,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55853d45e4b023124e8f5b1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, William E.","contributorId":141055,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kwak, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0616-137X tkwak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0616-137X","contributorId":834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwak","given":"Thomas","email":"tkwak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70148669,"text":"70148669 - 2014 - A capture-recapture model of amphidromous fish dispersal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-19T09:27:39","indexId":"70148669","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A capture-recapture model of amphidromous fish dispersal","docAbstract":"<p>Adult movement scale was quantified for two tropical Caribbean diadromous fishes, bigmouth sleeper Gobiomorus dormitor and mountain mullet Agonostomus monticola, using passive integrated transponders (PITs) and radio-telemetry. Large numbers of fishes were tagged in Rio Mameyes, Puerto Rico, U.S.A., with PITs and monitored at three fixed locations over a 2-5 year period to estimate transition probabilities between upper and lower elevations and survival probabilities with a multistate Cormack-Jolly-Seber model. A sub-set of fishes were tagged with radio-transmitters and tracked at weekly intervals to estimate fine-scale dispersal. Changes in spatial and temporal distributions of tagged fishes indicated that neither G. dormitor nor A. monticola moved into the lowest, estuarine reaches of Rio Mameyes during two consecutive reproductive periods, thus demonstrating that both species follow an amphidromous, rather than catadromous, migratory strategy. Further, both species were relatively sedentary, with restricted linear ranges. While substantial dispersal of these species occurs at the larval stage during recruitment to fresh water, the results indicate minimal dispersal in spawning adults. Successful conservation of diadromous fauna on tropical islands requires management at both broad basin and localized spatial scales.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Fisheries Society of the British Isles","publisherLocation":"London","doi":"10.1111/jfb.12316","collaboration":"Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources through Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Fund; North Carolina State University, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Wildlife Management Institute","usgsCitation":"Smith, W., and Kwak, T.J., 2014, A capture-recapture model of amphidromous fish dispersal: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 84, no. 4, p. 897-912, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12316.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"897","endPage":"912","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052656","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301326,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55853d2ee4b023124e8f5ae6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, W.","contributorId":34258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kwak, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0616-137X tkwak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0616-137X","contributorId":834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwak","given":"Thomas","email":"tkwak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70101272,"text":"70101272 - 2014 - Small reservoir distribution, rate of construction, and uses in the upper and middle Chattahoochee basins of the Georgia Piedmont, USA, 1950-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T11:02:05","indexId":"70101272","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T10:24:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1957,"text":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-information","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Small reservoir distribution, rate of construction, and uses in the upper and middle Chattahoochee basins of the Georgia Piedmont, USA, 1950-2010","docAbstract":"Construction of small reservoirs affects ecosystem processes in numerous ways including fragmenting stream habitat, altering hydrology, and modifying water chemistry. While the upper and middle Chattahoochee River basins within the Southeastern United States Piedmont contain few natural lakes, they have a high density of small reservoirs (more than 7500 small reservoirs in the nearly 12,000 km2 basin). Policymakers and water managers in the region have little information about small reservoir distribution, uses, or the cumulative inundation of land cover caused by small reservoir construction. Examination of aerial photography reveals the spatiotemporal patterns and extent of small reservoir construction from 1950 to 2010. Over that 60 year timeframe, the area inundated by water increased nearly six fold (from 19 reservoirs covering 0.16% of the study area in 1950 to 329 reservoirs covering 0.95% of the study area in 2010). While agricultural practices were associated with reservoir creation from 1950 to 1970, the highest rates of reservoir construction occurred during subsequent suburban development between 1980 and 1990. Land cover adjacent to individual reservoirs transitioned over time through agricultural abandonment, land reforestation, and conversion to development during suburban expansion. The prolific rate of ongoing small reservoir creation, particularly in newly urbanizing regions and developing counties, necessitates additional attention from watershed managers and continued scientific research into cumulative environmental impacts at the watershed scale.","language":"English","publisher":"International Journal of Geo-Information","doi":"10.3390/ijgi3020460","usgsCitation":"Ignatius, A.R., and Jones, J., 2014, Small reservoir distribution, rate of construction, and uses in the upper and middle Chattahoochee basins of the Georgia Piedmont, USA, 1950-2010: ISPRS International Journal of Geo-information, v. 3, no. 2, p. 460-480, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi3020460.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"460","endPage":"480","ipdsId":"IP-041039","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473075,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi3020460","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":286169,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Chattahoochee River Basin, Georgia Piedmont","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.599022,33.757124 ], [ -84.599022,34.987592 ], [ -82.965826,34.987592 ], [ -82.965826,33.757124 ], [ -84.599022,33.757124 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517063e4b05569d805a3bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ignatius, Amber R. arignatius@usgs.gov","contributorId":3817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ignatius","given":"Amber","email":"arignatius@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":492651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, John W. 0000-0001-6117-3691 jwjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-3691","contributorId":2220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"John","email":"jwjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70112899,"text":"70112899 - 2014 - Infection of sea lamprey with an unusual strain of <i>Aeromonas salmonicida</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-18T11:39:01","indexId":"70112899","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T10:22:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Infection of sea lamprey with an unusual strain of <i>Aeromonas salmonicida</i>","docAbstract":"The invasion of the Laurentian Great Lakes by the fish-parasitic sea lamprey has led to catastrophic consequences, including the potential introduction of fish pathogens. Aeromonas salmonicida is a bacterial fish pathogen that causes devastating losses worldwide. Currently, there are five accepted subspecies of Aeromonas salmonicida: A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, masoucida, smithia, achromogenes, and pectinolytica. We discuss the discovery of an isolate of A. salmonicida that is pathogenic to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and exhibits unique phenotypic and molecular characteristics. We examined 181 adult sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) from the Humber River (Lake Ontario watershed) and 162 adult sea lamprey from Duffins Creek (Lake Ontario watershed) during the spring seasons of 2005–11. Among those, 4/343 (1.2%) sea lamprey were culture positive for A. salmonicida, whereby biochemical and molecular studies identified three of the isolates as A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. The remaining isolate (As-SL1) recovered from Humber River sea lamprey was phenotypically more similar to A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida than to the four other A. salmonicida subspecies. However, unlike A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, As-SL1 was sucrose positive, produced an acid-over-acid reaction on triple-sugar iron medium and did not amplify with A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida specific primers. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial stretches of the 16S rRNA and DNA gyrase subunit B genes further confirmed that the As-SL1 isolate was not A. salmonicida subsp. masoucida, smithia, achromogenes, or pectinolytica. Based on our analyses, the As-SL1 isolate is either an unusual strain of A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida or a novel A. salmonicida subspecies. The four A. salmonicida isolates that were recovered from sea lamprey were pathogenic to rainbow trout in experimental challenge studies. Our study also underscores the potential role of sea lamprey in the ecology of infectious fish diseases.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/2013-01-026","usgsCitation":"Diamanka, A., Loch, T.P., Cipriano, R.C., Winters, A.D., and Faisal, M., 2014, Infection of sea lamprey with an unusual strain of <i>Aeromonas salmonicida</i>: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 50, no. 2, p. 159-170, https://doi.org/10.7589/2013-01-026.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"170","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-057471","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288799,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288798,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.7589/2013-01-026"}],"volume":"50","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae774ce4b0abf75cf2c0e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diamanka, Arfang","contributorId":14737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diamanka","given":"Arfang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loch, Thomas P.","contributorId":44080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loch","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cipriano, Rocco C. rcipriano@usgs.gov","contributorId":2487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cipriano","given":"Rocco","email":"rcipriano@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":494877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Winters, Andrew D.","contributorId":88653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winters","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Faisal, Mohamed","contributorId":94600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faisal","given":"Mohamed","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70132323,"text":"70132323 - 2014 - Successes and challenges from formation to implementation of eleven broad-extent conservation programs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-24T17:37:50","indexId":"70132323","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Successes and challenges from formation to implementation of eleven broad-extent conservation programs","docAbstract":"<p>Integration of conservation partnerships across geographic, biological, and administrative boundaries is increasingly relevant because drivers of change, such as climate shifts, transcend these boundaries. We explored successes and challenges of established conservation programs that span multiple watersheds and consider both social and ecological concerns. We asked representatives from a diverse set of 11 broadextent conservation partnerships in 29 countries 17 questions that pertained to launching and maintaining partnerships for broad-extent conservation, specifying ultimate management objectives, and implementation and learning. Partnerships invested more funds in implementing conservation actions than any other aspect of conservation, and a program&rsquo;s context (geographic extent, United States vs. other countries, developed vs. developing nation) appeared to substantially affect program approach. Despite early successes of these organizations and benefits of broad-extent conservation, specific challenges related to uncertainties in scaling up information and to coordination in the face of diverse partner governance structures, conflicting objectives, and vast uncertainties regarding future system dynamics hindered long-term success, as demonstrated by the focal organizations. Engaging stakeholders, developing conservation measures, and implementing adaptive management were dominant challenges. To inform future research on broad-extent conservation, we considered several challenges when we developed detailed questions, such as what qualities of broad-extent partnerships ensure they complement, integrate, and strengthen, rather than replace, local conservation efforts and which adaptive management processes yield actionable conservation strategies that account explicitly for dynamics and uncertainties regarding multiscale governance, environmental conditions, and knowledge of the system?</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/cobi.12233","usgsCitation":"Beever, E.A., Bradford, J.B., Germino, M.J., Mattsson, B., Post van der Burg, M., and Brunson, M., 2014, Successes and challenges from formation to implementation of eleven broad-extent conservation programs: Conservation Biology, v. 28, no. 2, p. 302-314, https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12233.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"302","endPage":"314","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-038103","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296043,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5465d63be4b04d4b7dbd669d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beever, Erik A. 0000-0002-9369-486X ebeever@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-486X","contributorId":2934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beever","given":"Erik","email":"ebeever@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":522744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradford, John B. 0000-0001-9257-6303 jbradford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-6303","contributorId":611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"John","email":"jbradford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":522745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Germino, Matthew J. 0000-0001-6326-7579 mgermino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6326-7579","contributorId":3298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germino","given":"Matthew","email":"mgermino@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":522746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mattsson, Brady J.","contributorId":84205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattsson","given":"Brady J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":522743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Post van der Burg, Max 0000-0002-3943-4194 maxpostvanderburg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3943-4194","contributorId":4947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Post van der Burg","given":"Max","email":"maxpostvanderburg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":522742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brunson, Mark","contributorId":65781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brunson","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70114858,"text":"70114858 - 2014 - Occurrence of contaminants of emerging concern along the California coast (2009-10) using passive sampling devices","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T11:31:38","indexId":"70114858","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T10:10:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence of contaminants of emerging concern along the California coast (2009-10) using passive sampling devices","docAbstract":"<p><span>Three passive sampling devices (PSDs), polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS), polyethylene devices (PEDs), and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) samplers were used to sample a diverse set of chemicals in the coastal waters of San Francisco Bay and the Southern California Bight. Seventy one chemicals (including fragrances, phosphate flame retardants, pharmaceuticals, PAHs, PCBs, PBDEs, and pesticides) were measured in at least 50% of the sites. The chemical profile from the San Francisco Bay sites was distinct from profiles from the sites in the Southern California Bight. This distinction was not due to a single compound or class, but by the relative abundances/concentrations of the chemicals. Comparing the PSDs to mussel (</span><i>Mytilus</i><span> spp.) tissues, a positive correlation exists for the 25 and 26 chemicals in common for the PEDs and SPME, respectively. Diphenhydramine was the only common chemical out of 40 analyzed in both POCIS and tissues detected at a common site.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.04.022","usgsCitation":"Alvarez, D., Maruya, K.A., Dodder, N.G., Lao, W., Furlong, E.T., and Smalling, K., 2014, Occurrence of contaminants of emerging concern along the California coast (2009-10) using passive sampling devices: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 81, no. 2, p. 347-354, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.04.022.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"347","endPage":"354","numberOfPages":"8","temporalStart":"2009-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-042349","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289127,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.41,32.53 ], [ -124.41,42.01 ], [ -114.13,42.01 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.41,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"81","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae778be4b0abf75cf2c179","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alvarez, David A.","contributorId":72755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maruya, Keith A.","contributorId":85094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maruya","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dodder, Nathan G.","contributorId":15528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodder","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lao, Wenjian","contributorId":28531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lao","given":"Wenjian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smalling, Kelly L.","contributorId":16105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smalling","given":"Kelly L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70126220,"text":"70126220 - 2014 - Ghost of habitat past: historic habitat affects the contemporary distribution of giant garter snakes in a modified landscape.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-23T10:09:45","indexId":"70126220","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T10:08:03","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":774,"text":"Animal Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ghost of habitat past: historic habitat affects the contemporary distribution of giant garter snakes in a modified landscape.","docAbstract":"Historic habitat conditions can affect contemporary communities and populations, but most studies of historic habitat are based on the reduction in habitat extent or connectivity. Little is known about the effects of historic habitat on contemporary species distributions when historic habitat has been nearly completely removed, but species persist in a highly altered landscape. More than 93% of the historic wetlands in the Central Valley of California, USA, have been drained and converted to agricultural and other uses, but agricultural wetlands, such as rice and its supporting infrastructure of canals, allow some species to persist. Little is known about the distribution of giant garter snakes <i>Thamnophis gigas</i>, a rare aquatic snake species inhabiting this predominantly agricultural landscape, or the variables that affect where this species occurs. We used occupancy modeling to examine the distribution of giant garter snakes at the landscape scale in the Sacramento Valley (northern portion of the Central Valley) of California, with an emphasis on the relative strength of historic and contemporary variables (landscape-scale habitat, local microhabitat, vegetation composition and relative prey counts) for predicting giant garter snake occurrence. Proximity to historic marsh best explained variation in the probability of occurrence of giant garter snakes at the landscape scale, with greater probability of occurrence near historic marsh. We suspect that the importance of distance to historic marsh represents dispersal limitations of giant garter snakes. These results suggest that preserving and restoring areas near historic marsh, and minimizing activities that reduce the extent of marsh or marsh-like (e.g. rice agriculture, canal) habitats near historic marsh may be advantageous to giant garter snakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Animal Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","publisherLocation":"Cambridge, England","doi":"10.1111/acv.12073","usgsCitation":"Halstead, B., Wylie, G.D., and Casazza, M.L., 2014, Ghost of habitat past: historic habitat affects the contemporary distribution of giant garter snakes in a modified landscape.: Animal Conservation, v. 17, no. 2, p. 144-153, https://doi.org/10.1111/acv.12073.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"144","endPage":"153","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-045138","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294297,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294232,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/acv.12073"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422bb26e4b08312ac7cf044","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halstead, Brian J. 0000-0002-5535-6528 bhalstead@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5535-6528","contributorId":3051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halstead","given":"Brian J.","email":"bhalstead@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wylie, Glenn D. 0000-0002-7061-6658 glenn_wylie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7061-6658","contributorId":3052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Glenn","email":"glenn_wylie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70134514,"text":"70134514 - 2014 - Mineralogical, chemical and K-Ar isotopic changes in Kreyenhagen Shale whole rocks and <2 µm clay fractions during natural burial and hydrous-pyrolysis experimental maturation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-11T10:43:25","indexId":"70134514","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineralogical, chemical and K-Ar isotopic changes in Kreyenhagen Shale whole rocks and <2 µm clay fractions during natural burial and hydrous-pyrolysis experimental maturation","docAbstract":"<p>Progressive maturation of the Eocene Kreyenhagen Shale from the San Joaquin Basin of California was studied by combining mineralogical and chemical analyses with K&ndash;Ar dating of whole rocks and &lt;2&nbsp;&mu;m clay fractions from naturally buried samples and laboratory induced maturation by hydrous pyrolysis of an immature outcrop sample. The K&ndash;Ar age decreases from 89.9&nbsp;&plusmn;&nbsp;3.9 and 72.4&nbsp;&plusmn;&nbsp;4.2&nbsp;Ma for the outcrop whole rock and its &lt;2&nbsp;&mu;m fraction, respectively, to 29.7&nbsp;&plusmn;&nbsp;1.5 and 21.0&nbsp;&plusmn;&nbsp;0.7&nbsp;Ma for the equivalent materials buried to 5167&nbsp;m. The natural maturation does not produce K&ndash;Ar ages in the historical sense, but rather K/Ar ratios of relative K and radiogenic<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup>Ar amounts resulting from a combined crystallization of authigenic and alteration of initial detrital K-bearing minerals of the rocks. The Al/K ratio of the naturally matured rocks is essentially constant for the entire depth sequence, indicating that there is no detectable variation in the crystallo-chemical organization of the K-bearing alumino-silicates with depth. No supply of K from outside of the rock volumes occurred, which indicates a closed-system behavior for it. Conversely, the content of the total organic carbon (TOC) content decreases significantly with burial, based on the progressive increasing Al/TOC ratio of the whole rocks. The initial varied mineralogy and chemistry of the rocks and their &lt;2&nbsp;&mu;m fractions resulting from differences in detrital sources and depositional settings give scattered results that homogenize progressively during burial due to increased authigenesis, and concomitant increased alteration of the detrital material.</p>\n<p>Hydrous pyrolysis was intended to alleviate the problem of mineral and chemical variations in initially deposited rocks of naturally matured sequences. However, experiments on aliquots from thermally immature Kreyenhagen Shale outcrop sample did not mimic the results from naturally buried samples. Experiments conducted for 72&nbsp;h at temperatures from 270 to 365&nbsp;&deg;C did not induce significant changes at temperatures above 310&nbsp;&deg;C in the mineralogical composition and K&ndash;Ar ages of the rock and &lt;2&nbsp;&mu;m fraction. The K&ndash;Ar ages of the &lt;2&nbsp;&mu;m fraction range from 72.4&nbsp;&plusmn;&nbsp;4.2&nbsp;Ma in the outcrop sample to 62.4&nbsp;&plusmn;&nbsp;3.4&nbsp;Ma in the sample heated the most at 365&nbsp;&deg;C for 216&nbsp;h. This slight decrease in age outlines some loss of radiogenic<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup>Ar, together with losses of organic matter as oil, gas, and aqueous organic species.</p>\n<p>Large amounts of smectite layers in the illite&ndash;smectite mixed layers of the pyrolyzed outcrop &lt;2&nbsp;&mu;m fraction remain during thermal experiments, especially above 310&nbsp;&deg;C. With no illitization detected above 310&nbsp;&deg;C, smectite appears to have inhibited rather than promoted generation of expelled oil from decomposition of bitumen. This hindrance is interpreted to result from bitumen impregnating the smectite interlayer sites and rock matrix. Bitumen remains in the &lt;2&nbsp;&mu;m fraction despite leaching with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. Its presence in the smectite interlayers is apparent by the inability of the clay fraction to fully expand or collapse once bitumen generation from the thermal decomposition of the kerogen is completed, and by almost invariable K&ndash;Ar ages confirming for the lack of any K supply and/or radiogenic<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup>Ar removal. This suggests that once bitumen impregnates the porosity of a progressively maturing source rock, the pore system is no longer wetted by water and smectite to illite conversion ceases. Experimental attempts to evaluate the smectite conversion to illite should preferentially use low-TOC rocks to avoid inhibition of the reaction by bitumen impregnation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2014.01.007","usgsCitation":"Clauer, N., Lewan, M., Dolan, M.P., Chaudhuri, S., and Curtis, J.B., 2014, Mineralogical, chemical and K-Ar isotopic changes in Kreyenhagen Shale whole rocks and <2 µm clay fractions during natural burial and hydrous-pyrolysis experimental maturation: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 130, p. 93-112, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2014.01.007.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"112","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045134","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296612,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.5087890625,\n              35.10193405724606\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.5087890625,\n              37.77071473849609\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.01513671875,\n              37.77071473849609\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.01513671875,\n              35.10193405724606\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.5087890625,\n              35.10193405724606\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"130","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"548ace3fe4b00f366bee37c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clauer, Norbert","contributorId":79664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clauer","given":"Norbert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lewan, Michael D. mlewan@usgs.gov","contributorId":940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewan","given":"Michael D.","email":"mlewan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dolan, Michael P.","contributorId":12880,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dolan","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":7104,"text":"Dolan Integration Group, Boulder, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chaudhuri, Sambhudas","contributorId":21708,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chaudhuri","given":"Sambhudas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Curtis, John B.","contributorId":70972,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Curtis","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6606,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70126043,"text":"70126043 - 2014 - Spatially robust estimates of biological nitrogen (N) fixation imply substantial human alteration of the tropical N cycle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-19T09:48:41","indexId":"70126043","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatially robust estimates of biological nitrogen (N) fixation imply substantial human alteration of the tropical N cycle","docAbstract":"<p>Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is the largest natural source of exogenous nitrogen (N) to unmanaged ecosystems and also the primary baseline against which anthropogenic changes to the N cycle are measured. Rates of BNF in tropical rainforest are thought to be among the highest on Earth, but they are notoriously difficult to quantify and are based on little empirical data. We adapted a sampling strategy from community ecology to generate spatial estimates of symbiotic and free-living BNF in secondary and primary forest sites that span a typical range of tropical forest legume abundance. Although total BNF was higher in secondary than primary forest, overall rates were roughly five times lower than previous estimates for the tropical forest biome. We found strong correlations between symbiotic BNF and legume abundance, but we also show that spatially free-living BNF often exceeds symbiotic inputs. Our results suggest that BNF in tropical forest has been overestimated, and our data are consistent with a recent top-down estimate of global BNF that implied but did not measure low tropical BNF rates. Finally, comparing tropical BNF within the historical area of tropical rainforest with current anthropogenic N inputs indicates that humans have already at least doubled reactive N inputs to the tropical forest biome, a far greater change than previously thought. Because N inputs are increasing faster in the tropics than anywhere on Earth, both the proportion and the effects of human N enrichment are likely to grow in the future.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1320646111","usgsCitation":"Sullivan, B., Smith, W.K., Townsend, A.R., Nasto, M.K., Reed, S.C., Chazdon, R.L., and Cleveland, C.C., 2014, Spatially robust estimates of biological nitrogen (N) fixation imply substantial human alteration of the tropical N cycle: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 111, no. 22, p. 8101-8106, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1320646111.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"8101","endPage":"8106","numberOfPages":"6","ipdsId":"IP-052478","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473076,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1320646111","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":294205,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294192,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1320646111"}],"volume":"111","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541d45a6e4b0f68901ec3100","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sullivan, Benjamin W.","contributorId":102401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Benjamin W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, William K.","contributorId":23544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Townsend, Alan R.","contributorId":62868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Townsend","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nasto, Megan K.","contributorId":14305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nasto","given":"Megan","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reed, Sasha C. 0000-0002-8597-8619 screed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-8619","contributorId":462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Sasha","email":"screed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chazdon, Robin L.","contributorId":54900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chazdon","given":"Robin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cleveland, Cory C.","contributorId":10264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleveland","given":"Cory","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70170546,"text":"70170546 - 2014 - Carbon and geochemical properties of cryosols on the North Slope of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-25T08:31:11","indexId":"70170546","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1264,"text":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon and geochemical properties of cryosols on the North Slope of Alaska","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract svAbstract \" data-etype=\"ab\">\n<p id=\"sp0005\">Cryosols contain roughly 1700&nbsp;Gt of Soil organic carbon (SOC) roughly double the carbon content of the atmosphere. As global temperature rises and permafrost thaws, this carbon reservoir becomes vulnerable to microbial decomposition, resulting in greenhouse gas emissions that will amplify anthropogenic warming. Improving our understanding of carbon dynamics in thawing permafrost requires more data on carbon and nitrogen content, soil physical and chemical properties and substrate quality in cryosols. We analyzed five permafrost cores obtained from the North Slope of Alaska during the summer of 2009. The relationship between SOC and soil bulk density can be adequately represented by a logarithmic function. Gas fluxes at &minus;&nbsp;5&nbsp;&deg;C and 5&nbsp;&deg;C were measured to calculate the temperature response quotient (Q<sub>10</sub>). Q<sub>10</sub>&nbsp;and the respiration per unit soil C were higher in permafrost-affected soils than that in the active layer, suggesting that decomposition and heterotrophic respiration in cryosols may contribute more to global warming.</p>\n</div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2014.01.001","usgsCitation":"Mu, C., Zhang, T., Schuster, P.F., Schaefer, K., Wickland, K.P., Repert, D.A., Liu, L., Schaefer, T., and Cheng, G., 2014, Carbon and geochemical properties of cryosols on the North Slope of Alaska: Cold Regions Science and Technology, v. 100, p. 59-67, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2014.01.001.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"67","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056162","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320492,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -150.97412109375,\n              70.45885925640687\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.44677734375,\n              70.46620742226558\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.34814453125,\n              70.49557354093137\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.86474609375,\n              70.44415495538642\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.20556640625,\n              70.34092679475283\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.568359375,\n              70.22231091600497\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.65625,\n              69.80172356231073\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.63427734375,\n              69.21720177564615\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.29345703124997,\n              68.73638345287264\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.39208984375,\n              68.4234339681939\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.75439453125,\n              68.22052325573338\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.3916015625,\n              68.22052325573338\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.05078125,\n              68.35869913946578\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.40234375,\n              68.68053347928972\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.5341796875,\n              69.00567519658819\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.4462890625,\n              69.26393034602108\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.98486328125,\n              69.74094412836399\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.54541015625,\n              70.04309814378466\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.97412109375,\n              70.45885925640687\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"100","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571f3fb1e4b071321fe56a07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mu, Cuicui","contributorId":168877,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mu","given":"Cuicui","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25375,"text":"Lanzhou University, PR China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhang, Tingjun","contributorId":66600,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Tingjun","affiliations":[{"id":28117,"text":"Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schuster, Paul F. 0000-0002-8314-1372 pschuste@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8314-1372","contributorId":1360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"Paul","email":"pschuste@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - 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,{"id":70129607,"text":"70129607 - 2014 - Capturing interactions between nitrogen and hydrological cycles under historical climate and land use: Susquehanna watershed analysis with the GFDL land model LM3-TAN","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-24T09:22:56","indexId":"70129607","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T09:19:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1011,"text":"Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Capturing interactions between nitrogen and hydrological cycles under historical climate and land use: Susquehanna watershed analysis with the GFDL land model LM3-TAN","docAbstract":"We developed a process model LM3-TAN to assess the combined effects of direct human influences and climate change on terrestrial and aquatic nitrogen (TAN) cycling. The model was developed by expanding NOAA's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory land model LM3V-N of coupled terrestrial carbon and nitrogen (C-N) cycling and including new N cycling processes and inputs such as a soil denitrification, point N sources to streams (i.e., sewage), and stream transport and microbial processes. Because the model integrates ecological, hydrological, and biogeochemical processes, it captures key controls of the transport and fate of N in the vegetation–soil–river system in a comprehensive and consistent framework which is responsive to climatic variations and land-use changes. We applied the model at 1/8° resolution for a study of the Susquehanna River Basin. We simulated with LM3-TAN stream dissolved organic-N, ammonium-N, and nitrate-N loads throughout the river network, and we evaluated the modeled loads for 1986–2005 using data from 16 monitoring stations as well as a reported budget for the entire basin. By accounting for interannual hydrologic variability, the model was able to capture interannual variations of stream N loadings. While the model was calibrated with the stream N loads only at the last downstream Susquehanna River Basin Commission station Marietta (40°02' N, 76°32' W), it captured the N loads well at multiple locations within the basin with different climate regimes, land-use types, and associated N sources and transformations in the sub-basins. Furthermore, the calculated and previously reported N budgets agreed well at the level of the whole Susquehanna watershed. Here we illustrate how point and non-point N sources contributing to the various ecosystems are stored, lost, and exported via the river. Local analysis of six sub-basins showed combined effects of land use and climate on soil denitrification rates, with the highest rates in the Lower Susquehanna Sub-Basin (extensive agriculture; Atlantic coastal climate) and the lowest rates in the West Branch Susquehanna Sub-Basin (mostly forest; Great Lakes and Midwest climate). In the re-growing secondary forests, most of the N from non-point sources was stored in the vegetation and soil, but in the agricultural lands most N inputs were removed by soil denitrification, indicating that anthropogenic N applications could drive substantial increase of N<sub>2</sub>O emission, an intermediate of the denitrification process.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/bg-11-5809-2014","usgsCitation":"Lee, M., Malyshev, S., Shevliakova, E., Milly, P., and Jaffe, P.R., 2014, Capturing interactions between nitrogen and hydrological cycles under historical climate and land use: Susquehanna watershed analysis with the GFDL land model LM3-TAN: Biogeosciences, v. 11, p. 5809-5826, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-5809-2014.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"5809","endPage":"5826","numberOfPages":"18","ipdsId":"IP-058259","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473077,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-5809-2014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":295706,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295705,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-5809-2014"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Susquehanna River","volume":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544b6a1ae4b03653c63fb1c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, M.","contributorId":17932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malyshev, S.","contributorId":58210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malyshev","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shevliakova, E.","contributorId":69910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shevliakova","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Milly, Paul C. D.","contributorId":100769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milly","given":"Paul C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jaffe, P. R.","contributorId":96204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70128273,"text":"70128273 - 2014 - Pesticide Toxicity Index: a tool for assessing potential toxicity of pesticide mixtures to freshwater aquatic organisms","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":77062,"text":"sir20065148 - 2006 - Pesticide toxicity index for freshwater aquatic organisms, 2nd edition","indexId":"sir20065148","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"title":"Pesticide toxicity index for freshwater aquatic organisms, 2nd edition"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70128273,"text":"70128273 - 2014 - Pesticide Toxicity Index: a tool for assessing potential toxicity of pesticide mixtures to freshwater aquatic organisms","indexId":"70128273","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"title":"Pesticide Toxicity Index: a tool for assessing potential toxicity of pesticide mixtures to freshwater aquatic organisms"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-13T11:35:23","indexId":"70128273","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pesticide Toxicity Index: a tool for assessing potential toxicity of pesticide mixtures to freshwater aquatic organisms","docAbstract":"<p>Pesticide mixtures are common in streams with agricultural or urban influence in the watershed. The Pesticide Toxicity Index (PTI) is a screening tool to assess potential aquatic toxicity of complex pesticide mixtures by combining measures of pesticide exposure and acute toxicity in an additive toxic-unit model. The PTI is determined separately for fish, cladocerans, and benthic invertebrates. This study expands the number of pesticides and degradates included in previous editions of the PTI from 124 to 492 pesticides and degradates, and includes two types of PTI for use in different applications, depending on study objectives. The Median-PTI was calculated from median toxicity values for individual pesticides, so is robust to outliers and is appropriate for comparing relative potential toxicity among samples, sites, or pesticides. The Sensitive-PTI uses the 5th percentile of available toxicity values, so is a more sensitive screening-level indicator of potential toxicity. PTI predictions of toxicity in environmental samples were tested using data aggregated from published field studies that measured pesticide concentrations and toxicity to <i>Ceriodaphnia dubia</i> in ambient stream water. <i>C. dubia</i> survival was reduced to &le; 50% of controls in 44% of samples with Median-PTI values of 0.1&ndash;1, and to 0% in 96% of samples with Median-PTI values &gt; 1. The PTI is a relative, but quantitative, indicator of potential toxicity that can be used to evaluate relationships between pesticide exposure and biological condition.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of The Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.088","usgsCitation":"Nowell, L.H., Norman, J.E., Moran, P.W., Martin, J.D., and Stone, W.W., 2014, Pesticide Toxicity Index: a tool for assessing potential toxicity of pesticide mixtures to freshwater aquatic organisms: Science of the Total Environment, v. 476-477, p. 144-157, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.088.","productDescription":"14 p.; appendixes","startPage":"144","endPage":"157","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-046429","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294975,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294961,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.088"},{"id":294962,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969713015714"},{"id":299606,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/pnsp/pubs/Nowell2014_STOTEN_PTI/Nowell2014_SuppInfo_PTI.zip","text":"Appendixes A-D"}],"volume":"476-477","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"543500b4e4b0a4f4b46a23b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nowell, Lisa H. 0000-0001-5417-7264 lhnowell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5417-7264","contributorId":490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowell","given":"Lisa","email":"lhnowell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Norman, Julia E. 0000-0002-2820-6225 jnorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2820-6225","contributorId":3832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"Julia","email":"jnorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moran, Patrick W. 0000-0002-2002-3539 pwmoran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2002-3539","contributorId":489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Patrick","email":"pwmoran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martin, Jeffrey D. 0000-0003-1994-5285 jdmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1994-5285","contributorId":1066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jdmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stone, Wesley W. 0000-0003-0239-2063 wwstone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0239-2063","contributorId":1496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Wesley","email":"wwstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70124550,"text":"70124550 - 2014 - Behavioural cues surpass habitat factors in explaining prebreeding resource selection by a migratory diving duck","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-11T16:43:00","indexId":"70124550","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T07:48:05","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":770,"text":"Animal Behaviour","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Behavioural cues surpass habitat factors in explaining prebreeding resource selection by a migratory diving duck","docAbstract":"Prebreeding habitat selection in birds can often be explained in part by habitat characteristics. However, females may also select habitats on the basis of fidelity to areas of previous reproductive success or use by conspecifics. The relative influences of sociobehavioural attributes versus habitat characteristics in habitat selection has been primarily investigated in songbirds, while less is known about how these factors affect habitat selection processes in migratory waterfowl. Animal resource selection models often exhibit much unexplained variation; spatial patterns driven by social and behavioural characteristics may account for some of this. We radiomarked female lesser scaup, <i>Aythya affinis</i>, in the southwestern extent of their breeding range to explore hypotheses regarding relative roles of habitat quality, site fidelity and conspecific density in prebreeding habitat selection. We used linear mixed-effects models to relate intensity of use within female home ranges to habitat features, distance to areas of reproductive success during the previous breeding season and conspecific density. Home range habitats included shallow water (≤118 cm), moderate to high densities of flooded emergent vegetation/open water edge and open water areas with submerged aquatic vegetation. Compared with habitat features, conspecific female density and proximity to successful nesting habitats from the previous breeding season had greater influences on habitat use within home ranges. Fidelity and conspecific attraction are behavioural characteristics in some waterfowl species that may exert a greater influence than habitat features in influencing prebreeding space use and habitat selection within home ranges, particularly where quality habitat is abundant. These processes may be of critical importance to a better understanding of habitat selection in breeding birds.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.01.004","usgsCitation":"O’Neil, S.T., Warren, J.M., Takekawa, J.Y., De La Cruz, S.E., Cutting, K.A., Parker, M.W., and Yee, J.L., 2014, Behavioural cues surpass habitat factors in explaining prebreeding resource selection by a migratory diving duck: Animal Behaviour, v. 90, p. 21-29, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.01.004.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"29","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-051708","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293793,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293789,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.01.004"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.907962,44.577373 ], [ -111.907962,44.715944 ], [ -111.582843,44.715944 ], [ -111.582843,44.577373 ], [ -111.907962,44.577373 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"90","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54140b1ce4b082fed288b8f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Neil, Shawn T.","contributorId":62533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neil","given":"Shawn","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warren, Jeffrey M.","contributorId":16297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"De La Cruz, Susan E. W. 0000-0001-6315-0864 sdelacruz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6315-0864","contributorId":76239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De La Cruz","given":"Susan","email":"sdelacruz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cutting, Kyle A.","contributorId":44479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cutting","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Parker, Michael W.","contributorId":24297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Yee, Julie L. 0000-0003-1782-157X julie_yee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1782-157X","contributorId":3246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yee","given":"Julie","email":"julie_yee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70134582,"text":"70134582 - 2014 - Why the 1964 Great Alaska Earthquake matters 50 years later","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-14T15:27:29.817959","indexId":"70134582","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T06:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Why the 1964 Great Alaska Earthquake matters 50 years later","docAbstract":"<p>Spring was returning to Alaska on Friday 27 March 1964. A two‐week cold snap had just ended, and people were getting ready for the Easter weekend. At 5:36&nbsp;p.m., an earthquake initiated 12&nbsp;km beneath Prince William Sound, near the eastern end of what is now recognized as the Alaska‐Aleutian subduction zone. No one was expecting this earthquake that would radically alter the coastal landscape, influence the direction of science, and indelibly mark the growth of a burgeoning state.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220140020","usgsCitation":"West, M., Haeussler, P.J., Ruppert, N.A., Freymueller, J., and Alaska Seismic Hazards Safety Commission, 2014, Why the 1964 Great Alaska Earthquake matters 50 years later: Seismological Research Letters, v. 85, no. 2, p. 245-251, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220140020.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"245","endPage":"251","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054609","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296441,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -160.04522953391194,\n              66.68954870433438\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.04522953391194,\n              54.97067577720671\n            ],\n            [\n              -133.64609437534986,\n              54.97067577720671\n            ],\n            [\n              -133.64609437534986,\n              66.68954870433438\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.04522953391194,\n              66.68954870433438\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"85","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"548193cbe4b0aa6d778520ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"West, Michael E.","contributorId":91830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"West","given":"Michael E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruppert, Natalia A.","contributorId":89117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"Natalia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Freymueller, Jeffrey T.","contributorId":96841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freymueller","given":"Jeffrey T.","affiliations":[{"id":26875,"text":"Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Alaska Seismic Hazards Safety Commission","contributorId":127695,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Alaska Seismic Hazards Safety Commission","id":526370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70134594,"text":"70134594 - 2014 - Little late Holocene strain accumulation and release on the Aleutian megathrust below the Shumagin Islands, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-04T14:09:32","indexId":"70134594","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Little late Holocene strain accumulation and release on the Aleutian megathrust below the Shumagin Islands, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Can a predominantly creeping segment of a subduction zone generate a great (<em>M</em>&thinsp;&gt;&thinsp;8) earthquake? Despite Russian accounts of strong shaking and high tsunamis in 1788, geodetic observations above the Aleutian megathrust indicate creeping subduction across the Shumagin Islands segment, a well-known seismic gap. Seeking evidence for prehistoric great earthquakes, we investigated Simeonof Island, the archipelago's easternmost island, and found no evidence for uplifted marine terraces or subsided shorelines. Instead, we found freshwater peat blanketing lowlands, and organic-rich silt and tephra draping higher glacially smoothed bedrock. Basal peat ages place glacier retreat prior to 10.4&thinsp;ka and imply slowly rising (&lt;0.2&thinsp;m/ka) relative sea level since ~3.4&thinsp;ka. Storms rather than tsunamis probably deposited thin, discontinuous deposits in coastal sites. If rupture of the megathrust beneath Simeonof Island produced great earthquakes in the late Holocene, then coseismic uplift or subsidence was too small (&le;0.3&thinsp;m) to perturb the onshore geologic record.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2014GL059393","usgsCitation":"Witter, R., Briggs, R.W., Engelhart, S.E., Gelfenbaum, G.R., Koehler, R., and Barnhart, W.D., 2014, Little late Holocene strain accumulation and release on the Aleutian megathrust below the Shumagin Islands, Alaska: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 41, no. 7, p. 2359-2367, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL059393.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2359","endPage":"2367","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054595","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488472,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/geo_facpubs/7","text":"External Repository"},{"id":296437,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Shumagin Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -161.7626953125,\n              55.55349545845371\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.7626953125,\n              60.392147922518845\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.58984375,\n              60.392147922518845\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.58984375,\n              55.55349545845371\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.7626953125,\n              55.55349545845371\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"548193bce4b0aa6d778520ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Witter, Robert C. 0000-0002-1721-254X rwitter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1721-254X","contributorId":4528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witter","given":"Robert C.","email":"rwitter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Briggs, Richard W. 0000-0001-8108-0046 rbriggs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8108-0046","contributorId":4136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Richard","email":"rbriggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Engelhart, Simon E.","contributorId":60104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Engelhart","given":"Simon","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6923,"text":"University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, Guy R. 0000-0003-1291-6107 ggelfenbaum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1291-6107","contributorId":742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"Guy","email":"ggelfenbaum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Koehler, Richard D.","contributorId":76993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koehler","given":"Richard D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barnhart, William D. wbarnhart@usgs.gov","contributorId":5299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhart","given":"William","email":"wbarnhart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70137570,"text":"70137570 - 2014 - Mechanisms driving recruitment variability in fish: comparisons between the Laurentian Great Lakes and marine systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-09T14:30:35","indexId":"70137570","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1936,"text":"ICES Journal of Marine Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mechanisms driving recruitment variability in fish: comparisons between the Laurentian Great Lakes and marine systems","docAbstract":"<p><span>In his seminal work, Hjort (in Fluctuations in the great fisheries of Northern Europe. Conseil Parmanent International Pour L'Exploration De La Mar. Rapports et Proces-Verbaux, 20: 1&ndash;228, 1914) observed that fish population levels fluctuated widely, year-class strength was set early in life, and egg production by adults could not alone explain variability in year-class strength. These observations laid the foundation for hypotheses on mechanisms driving recruitment variability in marine systems. More recently, researchers have sought to explain year-class strength of important fish in the Laurentian Great Lakes and some of the hypotheses developed for marine fisheries have been transferred to Great Lakes fish. We conducted a literature review to determine the applicability of marine recruitment hypotheses to Great Lakes fish. We found that temperature, interspecific interactions, and spawner effects (abundance, age, and condition of adults) were the most important factors in explaining recruitment variability in Great Lakes fish, whereas relatively fewer studies identified bottom-up trophodynamic factors or hydrodynamic factors as important. Next, we compared recruitment between Great Lakes and Baltic Sea fish populations and found no statistical difference in factors driving recruitment between the two systems, indicating that recruitment hypotheses may often be transferable between Great Lakes and marine systems. Many recruitment hypotheses developed for marine fish have yet to be applied to Great Lakes fish. We suggest that future research on recruitment in the Great Lakes should focus on forecasting the effects of climate change and invasive species. Further, because the Great Lakes are smaller and more enclosed than marine systems, and have abundant fishery-independent data, they are excellent candidates for future hypothesis testing on recruitment in fish.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/icesjms/fsu080","usgsCitation":"Pritt, J., Roseman, E., and O’Brien, T.P., 2014, Mechanisms driving recruitment variability in fish: comparisons between the Laurentian Great Lakes and marine systems: ICES Journal of Marine Science, v. 71, no. 8, p. 2252-2267, https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsu080.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2252","endPage":"2267","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051263","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473080,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsu080","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297112,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Laurentian Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.26318359375,\n              41.32732632036622\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.26318359375,\n              49.023461463214126\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.69580078125,\n              49.023461463214126\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.69580078125,\n              41.32732632036622\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.26318359375,\n              41.32732632036622\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2bf0e4b08de9379b358a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pritt, Jeremy J.","contributorId":138591,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pritt","given":"Jeremy J.","affiliations":[{"id":12455,"text":"University of Toledo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roseman, Edward F. eroseman@usgs.gov","contributorId":534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roseman","given":"Edward F.","email":"eroseman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Brien, Timothy P. 0000-0003-4502-5204 tiobrien@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4502-5204","contributorId":2662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"Timothy","email":"tiobrien@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70173611,"text":"70173611 - 2014 - Snowshoe hares display limited phenotypic plasticity to mismatch in seasonal camouflage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-09T15:55:08","indexId":"70173611","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3174,"text":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Snowshoe hares display limited phenotypic plasticity to mismatch in seasonal camouflage","docAbstract":"<p><span>As duration of snow cover decreases owing to climate change, species undergoing seasonal colour moults can become colour mismatched with their background. The immediate adaptive solution to this mismatch is phenotypic plasticity, either in phenology of seasonal colour moults or in behaviours that reduce mismatch or its consequences. We observed nearly 200 snowshoe hares across a wide range of snow conditions and two study sites in Montana, USA, and found minimal plasticity in response to mismatch between coat colour and background. We found that moult phenology varied between study sites, likely due to differences in photoperiod and climate, but was largely fixed within study sites with only minimal plasticity to snow conditions during the spring white-to-brown moult. We also found no evidence that hares modify their behaviour in response to colour mismatch. Hiding and fleeing behaviours and resting spot preference of hares were more affected by variables related to season, site and concealment by vegetation, than by colour mismatch. We conclude that plasticity in moult phenology and behaviours in snowshoe hares is insufficient for adaptation to camouflage mismatch, suggesting that any future adaptation to climate change will require natural selection on moult phenology or behaviour.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Royal Society Publishing","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2014.0029","usgsCitation":"Zimova, M., Mills, L.S., Lukacs, P.M., and Mitchell, M.S., 2014, Snowshoe hares display limited phenotypic plasticity to mismatch in seasonal camouflage: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, v. 281, no. 1782, Article 20140029; 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.0029.","productDescription":"Article 20140029; 9 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053217","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473079,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.0029","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323435,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"281","issue":"1782","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575a9336e4b04f417c275183","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimova, Marketa","contributorId":171704,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zimova","given":"Marketa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mills, L. Scott","contributorId":89431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lukacs, Paul M.","contributorId":101240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lukacs","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mitchell, Michael S. 0000-0002-0773-6905 mmitchel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-6905","contributorId":3716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Michael","email":"mmitchel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70171348,"text":"70171348 - 2014 - Multibeam sonar (DIDSON) assessment of American shad (<i>Alosa sapidissima</i>) approaching a hydroelectric dam","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-30T13:11:24","indexId":"70171348","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multibeam sonar (DIDSON) assessment of American shad (<i>Alosa sapidissima</i>) approaching a hydroelectric dam","docAbstract":"<p><span>We investigated the fish community approaching the Veazie Dam on the Penobscot River, Maine, prior to implementation of a major dam removal and river restoration project. Multibeam sonar (dual-frequency identification sonar, DIDSON) surveys were conducted continuously at the fishway entrance from May to July in 2011. A 5% subsample of DIDSON data contained 43&thinsp;793 fish targets, the majority of which were of Excellent (15.7%) or Good (73.01%) observation quality. Excellent quality DIDSON targets (</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;= 6876) were apportioned by species using a Bayesian mixture model based on four known fork length distributions (river herring (alewife,</span><i>Alosa psuedoharengus</i><span>, and blueback herring,&nbsp;</span><i>Alosa aestivalis</i><span>), American shad,&nbsp;</span><i>Alosa sapidissima</i><span>) and two size classes (one sea-winter and multi-sea-winter) of Atlantic salmon (</span><i>Salmo salar</i><span>). 76.2% of targets were assigned to the American shad distribution; Atlantic salmon accounted for 15.64%, and river herring 8.16% of observed targets. Shad-sized (99.0%) and salmon-sized (99.3%) targets approached the fishway almost exclusively during the day, whereas river herring-sized targets were observed both during the day (51.1%) and at night (48.9%). This approach demonstrates how multibeam sonar imaging can be used to evaluate community composition and species-specific movement patterns in systems where there is little overlap in the length distributions of target species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2013-0308","usgsCitation":"Grote, A.B., Bailey, M.M., Zydlewski, J.D., and Hightower, J.E., 2014, Multibeam sonar (DIDSON) assessment of American shad (<i>Alosa sapidissima</i>) approaching a hydroelectric dam: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 71, no. 4, p. 545-558, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2013-0308.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"545","endPage":"558","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-046112","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321858,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574d65e9e4b07e28b66848d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grote, Ann B.","contributorId":169715,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grote","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bailey, Michael M.","contributorId":169684,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bailey","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":25572,"text":"University of Maine, Orono","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":630810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zydlewski, Joseph D. 0000-0002-2255-2303 jzydlewski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-2303","contributorId":2004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Joseph","email":"jzydlewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":630684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hightower, Joseph E. jhightower@usgs.gov","contributorId":835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hightower","given":"Joseph","email":"jhightower@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70188051,"text":"70188051 - 2014 - Landsat-8: Science and product vision for terrestrial global change research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-30T16:17:41","indexId":"70188051","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landsat-8: Science and product vision for terrestrial global change research","docAbstract":"<p><span>Landsat 8, a NASA and USGS collaboration, acquires global moderate-resolution measurements of the Earth's terrestrial and polar regions in the visible, near-infrared, short wave, and thermal infrared. Landsat 8 extends the remarkable 40&nbsp;year Landsat record and has enhanced capabilities including new spectral bands in the blue and cirrus cloud-detection portion of the spectrum, two thermal bands, improved sensor signal-to-noise performance and associated improvements in radiometric resolution, and an improved duty cycle that allows collection of a significantly greater number of images per day. This paper introduces the current (2012–2017) Landsat Science Team's efforts to establish an initial understanding of Landsat 8 capabilities and the steps ahead in support of priorities identified by the team. Preliminary evaluation of Landsat 8 capabilities and identification of new science and applications opportunities are described with respect to calibration and radiometric characterization; surface reflectance; surface albedo; surface temperature, evapotranspiration and drought; agriculture; land cover, condition, disturbance and change; fresh and coastal water; and snow and ice. Insights into the development of derived ‘higher-level’ Landsat products are provided in recognition of the growing need for consistently processed, moderate spatial resolution, large area, long-term terrestrial data records for resource management and for climate and global change studies. The paper concludes with future prospects, emphasizing the opportunities for land imaging constellations by combining Landsat data with data collected from other international sensing systems, and consideration of successor Landsat mission requirements.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2014.02.001","usgsCitation":"Roy, D.P., Wulder, M., Loveland, T., Woodcock, C.E., Allen, R.G., Anderson, M.C., Helder, D., Irons, J.R., Johnson, D., Kennedy, R., Scambos, T.A., Schaaf, C.B., Schott, J.R., Sheng, Y., Vermote, E., Belward, A., Bindschadler, R., Cohen, W., Gao, F., Hipple, J.D., Hostert, P., Huntington, J., Justice, C., Kilic, A., Kovalskyy, V., Lee, Z.P., Lymburner, L., Masek, J.G., McCorkel, J., Shuai, Y., Trezza, R., Vogelmann, J., Wynne, R., and Zhu, Z., 2014, Landsat-8: Science and product vision for terrestrial global change research: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 145, p. 154-172, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2014.02.001.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"154","endPage":"172","ipdsId":"IP-054700","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473083,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2014.02.001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341888,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"145","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592e84c5e4b092b266f10d99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roy, David P.","contributorId":54761,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roy","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":26958,"text":"South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":33433,"text":"University of Maryland, College Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":696329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wulder, M.A.","contributorId":36287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wulder","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646 loveland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":3005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","email":"loveland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":696327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Woodcock, C. 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,{"id":70187483,"text":"70187483 - 2014 - Genetic structuring of northern myotis (Myotis septentrionalis) at multiple spatial scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-08T18:01:08","indexId":"70187483","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":648,"text":"Acta Theriologica","onlineIssn":"2190-3743","printIssn":"0001-7051","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Genetic structuring of northern myotis (<i>Myotis septentrionalis</i>) at multiple spatial scales","title":"Genetic structuring of northern myotis (Myotis septentrionalis) at multiple spatial scales","docAbstract":"<p><span>Although groups of bats may be genetically distinguishable at large spatial scales, the effects of forest disturbances, particularly permanent land use conversions on fine-scale population structure and gene flow of summer aggregations of philopatric bat species are less clear. We genotyped and analyzed variation at 10 nuclear DNA microsatellite markers in 182 individuals of the forest-dwelling northern myotis (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Myotis septentrionalis</i><span>) at multiple spatial scales, from within first-order watersheds scaling up to larger regional areas in West Virginia and New York. Our results indicate that groups of northern myotis were genetically indistinguishable at any spatial scale we considered, and the collective population maintained high genetic diversity. It is likely that the ability to migrate, exploit small forest patches, and use networks of mating sites located throughout the Appalachian Mountains, Interior Highlands, and elsewhere in the hibernation range have allowed northern myotis to maintain high genetic diversity and gene flow regardless of forest disturbances at local and regional spatial scales. A consequence of maintaining high gene flow might be the potential to minimize genetic founder effects following population declines caused currently by the enzootic White-nose Syndrome.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s13364-013-0163-8","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.B., Roberts, J.H., King, T.L., Edwards, J.W., Ford, W.M., and Ray, D.A., 2014, Genetic structuring of northern myotis (Myotis septentrionalis) at multiple spatial scales: Acta Theriologica, v. 59, no. 2, p. 223-231, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13364-013-0163-8.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"231","ipdsId":"IP-034013","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340912,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591183b7e4b0e541a03c1a76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Joshua B.","contributorId":171598,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roberts, James H.","contributorId":83811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"King, Tim L. tlking@usgs.gov","contributorId":3520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Tim","email":"tlking@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edwards, John W.","contributorId":169827,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Edwards","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ford, W. Mark wford@usgs.gov","contributorId":3858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"W.","email":"wford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":694138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ray, David A.","contributorId":191833,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ray","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70189199,"text":"70189199 - 2014 - Biochar application to hardrock mine tailings: Soil quality, microbial activity, and toxic element sorption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-14T15:52:45","indexId":"70189199","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biochar application to hardrock mine tailings: Soil quality, microbial activity, and toxic element sorption","docAbstract":"<p><span>Waste rock piles from historic mining activities remain unvegetated as a result of metal toxicity and high acidity. Biochar has been proposed as a low-cost remediation strategy to increase soil pH and reduce leaching of toxic elements, and improve plant establishment. In this laboratory column study, biochar made from beetle-killed pine wood was assessed for utility as a soil amendment by mixing soil material from two mine sites collected near Silverton, Colorado, USA with four application rates of biochar (0%, 10%, 20%, 30% vol:vol). Columns were leached seven times over 65</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>days and leachate pH and concentration of toxic elements and base cations were measured at each leaching. Nutrient availability and soil physical and biological parameters were determined following the incubation period. We investigated the hypotheses that biochar incorporation into acidic mine materials will (1) reduce toxic element concentrations in leaching solution, (2) improve soil parameters (i.e. increase nutrient and water holding capacity and pH, and decrease compaction), and (3) increase microbial populations and activity. Biochar directly increased soil pH (from 3.33 to 3.63 and from 4.07 to 4.77 in the two materials) and organic matter content, and decreased bulk density and extractable salt content in both mine materials, and increased nitrate availability in one material. No changes in microbial population or activity were detected in either mine material upon biochar application. In leachate solution, biochar increased base cations from both materials and reduced the concentrations of Al, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in leachate solution from one material. However, in the material with greater toxic element content, biochar did not reduce concentrations of any measured dissolved toxic elements in leachate and resulted in a potentially detrimental release of Cd and Zn into solution at concentrations above that of the pure mine material. The length of time of effectiveness and specific sorption by biochar is variable by element and the toxic element concentration and acidity of the initial mine material.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.02.003","usgsCitation":"Kelly, C.N., Peltz, C.D., Stanton, M.R., Rutherford, D.W., and Rostad, C.E., 2014, Biochar application to hardrock mine tailings: Soil quality, microbial activity, and toxic element sorption: Applied Geochemistry, v. 43, p. 35-48, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.02.003.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"48","ipdsId":"IP-045330","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343375,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595dfab7e4b0d1f9f056a7a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelly, Charlene N. cnkelly@usgs.gov","contributorId":4563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"Charlene","email":"cnkelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":703459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peltz, Christopher D.","contributorId":194216,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peltz","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stanton, Mark R. mstanton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"Mark","email":"mstanton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":703461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rutherford, David W. dwruther@usgs.gov","contributorId":1325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutherford","given":"David","email":"dwruther@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":703460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rostad, Colleen E. cerostad@usgs.gov","contributorId":833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostad","given":"Colleen","email":"cerostad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":703458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70146188,"text":"70146188 - 2014 - Distinguishing seawater from geologic brine in saline coastal groundwater using radium-226; an example from the Sabkha of the UAE","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-14T10:33:05","indexId":"70146188","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distinguishing seawater from geologic brine in saline coastal groundwater using radium-226; an example from the Sabkha of the UAE","docAbstract":"<p><span>Sabkhat (Salt flats) are common geographic features of low-lying marine coastal areas that develop under hyper-arid climatic conditions. They are characterized by the presence of highly concentrated saline solutions and evaporitic minerals, and have been cited in the geologic literature as present-day representations of hyper-arid regional paleohydrogeology, paleoclimatology, coastal processes, and sedimentation in the geologic record. It is therefore important that a correct understanding of the origin and development of these features be achieved. Knowledge of the source of solutes is an important first step in understanding these features. Historically, two theories have been advanced as to the main source of solutes in sabkha brines: an early concept entailing seawater as the obvious source, and a more recent and dynamic theory involving ascending geologic brine forced upward into the base of the sabkha by a regional hydraulic gradient in the underlying formations. Ra-226 could uniquely distinguish between these sources under certain circumstances, as it is typically present at elevated activity of hundreds to thousands of Bq/m</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;(Becquerels per cubic meter) in subsurface formation brines; at exceedingly low activities in open ocean and coastal water; and not significantly supplied to water from recently formed marine sedimentary framework material. The coastal marine sabkha of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi was used to test this hypothesis. The distribution of Ra-226 in 70 samples of sabkha brine (mean: 700&nbsp;Bq/m</span><sup>3</sup><span>), 7 samples of underlying deeper formation brine (mean: 3416&nbsp;Bq/m</span><sup>3</sup><span>), the estimated value of seawater (&lt;&nbsp;16&nbsp;Bq/m</span><sup>3</sup><span>) and an estimate of supply from sabkha sedimentary framework grains (&lt;~6&nbsp;Bq/m</span><sup>3</sup><span>) provide the first direct evidence that ascending geologic brine contributes significantly to the solutes of this sabkha system.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.01.018","usgsCitation":"Kraemer, T.F., Wood, W., and Sanford, W.E., 2014, Distinguishing seawater from geologic brine in saline coastal groundwater using radium-226; an example from the Sabkha of the UAE: Chemical Geology, v. 371, p. 1-8, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.01.018.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"8","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053031","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473084,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/6606","text":"External Repository"},{"id":299646,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United Arab Emirates","city":"Abu Dhabi","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              51.7950439453125,\n              23.115101554603044\n            ],\n            [\n              51.7950439453125,\n              24.816653556469955\n            ],\n            [\n              55.26123046875,\n              24.816653556469955\n            ],\n            [\n              55.26123046875,\n              23.115101554603044\n            ],\n            [\n              51.7950439453125,\n              23.115101554603044\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"371","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"552e3a2de4b0b22a157fa0a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kraemer, Thomas F. tkraemer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraemer","given":"Thomas","email":"tkraemer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Warren W.","contributorId":47770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Warren W.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sanford, Ward E. 0000-0002-6624-0280 wsanford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":2268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"Ward","email":"wsanford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70148144,"text":"70148144 - 2014 - American shad migratory behavior, weight loss, survival, and abundance in a North Carolina River following dam removals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-27T13:47:35","indexId":"70148144","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"American shad migratory behavior, weight loss, survival, and abundance in a North Carolina River following dam removals","docAbstract":"<p><span>Despite extensive management and research, populations of American Shad&nbsp;</span><i>Alosa sapidissima</i><span>&nbsp;have experienced prolonged declines, and uncertainty about the underlying mechanisms causing these declines remains. In the springs of 2007 through 2010, we used a resistance board weir and PIT technology to capture, tag, and track American Shad in the Little River, North Carolina, a tributary to the Neuse River with complete and partial removals of low-head dams. Our objectives were to examine migratory behaviors and estimate weight loss, survival, and abundance during each spawning season. Males typically immigrated earlier than females and also used upstream habitat at a higher percentage, but otherwise exhibited relatively similar migratory patterns. Proportional weight loss displayed a strong positive relationship with both cumulative water temperature during residence time and number of days spent upstream, and to a lesser extent, minimum distance the fish traveled in the river. Surviving emigrating males lost up to 30% of their initial weight and females lost up to 50% of their initial weight, indicating there are potential survival thresholds. Survival for the spawning season was low and estimates ranged from 0.07 to 0.17; no distinct factors (e.g., sex, size, migration distance) that could contribute to survival were detected. Sampled and estimated American Shad abundance increased from 2007 through 2009, but was lower in 2010. Our study provides substantial new information about American Shad spawning that may aid restoration efforts.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2014.882410","usgsCitation":"Raabe, J.K., and Hightower, J.E., 2014, American shad migratory behavior, weight loss, survival, and abundance in a North Carolina River following dam removals: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 143, no. 3, p. 673-688, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2014.882410.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"673","endPage":"688","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050974","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300864,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Little River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  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