{"pageNumber":"1337","pageRowStart":"33400","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184769,"records":[{"id":70129338,"text":"70129338 - 2014 - Florfenicol residues in Rainbow Trout after oral dosing in recirculating and flow-through culture systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-21T10:25:08","indexId":"70129338","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-16T10:22:49","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Florfenicol residues in Rainbow Trout after oral dosing in recirculating and flow-through culture systems","docAbstract":"Aquaflor is a feed premix for fish containing the broad spectrum antibacterial agent florfenicol (FFC) incorporated at a ratio of 50% (w/w). To enhance the effectiveness of FFC for salmonids infected with certain isolates of <i>Flavobacterium psychrophilum</i> causing coldwater disease, the FFC dose must be increased from the standard 10 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup> body weight (BW)·d<sup>−1</sup> for 10 consecutive days. A residue depletion study was conducted to determine whether FFC residues remaining in the fillet tissue after treating fish at an increased dose would be safe for human consumption. Groups of Rainbow Trout <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i> (total n = 144; weight range, 126–617 g) were treated with FFC at 20 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup> BW·d<sup>−1</sup> for 10 d in a flow-through system (FTS) and a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) each with a water temperature of ∼13°C. The two-tank RAS included a nontreated tank containing 77 fish. Fish were taken from each tank (treated tank, <i>n</i> = 16; nontreated tank, <i>n</i> = 8) at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 120, 240, 360, and 480 h posttreatment. Florfenicol amine (FFA) concentrations (the FFC marker residue) in skin-on fillets from treated fish were greatest at 12 h posttreatment (11.58 μg/g) in the RAS and were greatest at 6 h posttreatment (11.09 μg/g) in the FTS. The half-lives for FFA in skin-on fillets from the RAS and FTS were 20.3 and 19.7 h, respectively. Assimilation of FFC residues in the fillets of nontreated fish sharing the RAS with FFC-treated fish was minimal. Florfenicol water concentrations peaked in the RAS-treated tank and nontreated tanks at 10 h (453 μg/L) and 11 h (442 μg/L) posttreatment, respectively. Monitoring of nitrite concentrations throughout the study indicated the nitrogen oxidation efficiency of the RAS biofilter was minimally impacted by the FFC treatment.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.1080/08997659.2014.945046","usgsCitation":"Meinertz, J.R., Hess, K., Bernady, J.A., Gaikowski, M., Whitsel, M., and Endris, R.G., 2014, Florfenicol residues in Rainbow Trout after oral dosing in recirculating and flow-through culture systems: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 26, no. 4, p. 243-250, https://doi.org/10.1080/08997659.2014.945046.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"243","endPage":"250","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-051937","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295529,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295499,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08997659.2014.945046"},{"id":295500,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08997659.2014.945046#.VEVreU0cS70"}],"volume":"26","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544775aee4b0f888a81b8316","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meinertz, Jeffery R. 0000-0002-8855-2648 jmeinertz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8855-2648","contributorId":2495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meinertz","given":"Jeffery","email":"jmeinertz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hess, Karina R.","contributorId":97838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"Karina R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bernady, Jeffry A.","contributorId":33250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernady","given":"Jeffry","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gaikowski, M. P.","contributorId":11975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaikowski","given":"M. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Whitsel, Melissa","contributorId":59370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitsel","given":"Melissa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Endris, R. G.","contributorId":43291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Endris","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70129011,"text":"70129011 - 2014 - Investigation of hurricane Ivan using the coupled ocean-atmosphere-wave-sediment transport (COAWST) model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-23T09:39:27","indexId":"70129011","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-16T10:17:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2923,"text":"Ocean Dynamics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigation of hurricane Ivan using the coupled ocean-atmosphere-wave-sediment transport (COAWST) model","docAbstract":"The coupled ocean–atmosphere–wave–sediment transport (COAWST) model is used to hindcast Hurricane Ivan (2004), an extremely intense tropical cyclone (TC) translating through the Gulf of Mexico. Sensitivity experiments with increasing complexity in ocean–atmosphere–wave coupled exchange processes are performed to assess the impacts of coupling on the predictions of the atmosphere, ocean, and wave environments during the occurrence of a TC. Modest improvement in track but significant improvement in intensity are found when using the fully atmosphere–ocean-wave coupled configuration versus uncoupled (e.g., standalone atmosphere, ocean, or wave) model simulations. Surface wave fields generated in the fully coupled configuration also demonstrates good agreement with in situ buoy measurements. Coupled and uncoupled model-simulated sea surface temperature (SST) fields are compared with both in situ and remote observations. Detailed heat budget analysis reveals that the mixed layer temperature cooling in the deep ocean (on the shelf) is caused primarily by advection (equally by advection and diffusion).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ocean Dynamics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10236-014-0777-7","usgsCitation":"Zambon, J.B., He, R., and Warner, J., 2014, Investigation of hurricane Ivan using the coupled ocean-atmosphere-wave-sediment transport (COAWST) model: Ocean Dynamics, v. 64, no. 11, p. 1535-1554, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-014-0777-7.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1535","endPage":"1554","numberOfPages":"20","ipdsId":"IP-051462","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295375,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295370,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10236-014-0777-7"}],"volume":"64","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5440d005e4b0b0a643c73296","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zambon, Joseph B.","contributorId":73522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zambon","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"He, Ruoying","contributorId":58965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"He","given":"Ruoying","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Warner, John C. 0000-0002-3734-8903 jcwarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3734-8903","contributorId":2681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"John C.","email":"jcwarner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70135670,"text":"70135670 - 2014 - Alpha-emitting isotopes and chromium in a coastal California aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-30T12:48:22","indexId":"70135670","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-16T06:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alpha-emitting isotopes and chromium in a coastal California aquifer","docAbstract":"<p><span>The unadjusted 72-h gross alpha activities in water from two wells completed in marine and alluvial deposits in a coastal southern California aquifer 40&nbsp;km north of San Diego were 15 and 25&nbsp;picoCuries per liter (pCi/L). Although activities were below the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 15&nbsp;pCi/L, when adjusted for uranium activity; there is concern that new wells in the area may exceed MCLs, or that future regulations may limit water use from the wells. Coupled well-bore flow and depth-dependent water-quality data collected from the wells in 2011 (with analyses for isotopes within the uranium, actinium, and thorium decay-chains) show gross alpha activity in marine deposits is associated with decay of naturally-occurring&nbsp;</span><sup>238</sup><span>U and its daughter&nbsp;</span><sup>234</sup><span>U. Radon activities in marine deposits were as high as 2230&nbsp;pCi/L. In contrast, gross alpha activities in overlying alluvium within the Piedra de Lumbre watershed, eroded from the nearby San Onofre Hills, were associated with decay of&nbsp;</span><sup>232</sup><span>Th, including its daughter&nbsp;</span><sup>224</sup><span>Ra. Radon activities in alluvium from Piedra de Lumbre of 450&nbsp;pCi/L were lower than in marine deposits. Chromium VI concentrations in marine deposits were less than the California MCL of 10&nbsp;&mu;g/L (effective July 1, 2014) but &delta;</span><sup>53</sup><span>Cr compositions were near zero and within reported ranges for anthropogenic chromium. Alluvial deposits from the nearby Las Flores watershed, which drains a larger area having diverse geology, has low alpha activities and chromium as a result of geologic and geochemical conditions and may be more promising for future water-supply development.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Pergamon Press","publisherLocation":"Oxford, UK","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.09.016","usgsCitation":"Densmore, J.N., Izbicki, J., Murtaugh, J.M., Swarzenski, P.W., and Bullen, T.D., 2014, Alpha-emitting isotopes and chromium in a coastal California aquifer: Applied Geochemistry, v. 51, p. 204-215, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.09.016.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"204","endPage":"215","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044867","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472694,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.09.016","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":311750,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Camp Pendleton","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.69653320312499,\n              33.128351191631566\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.69653320312499,\n              33.486435450999885\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.21725463867186,\n              33.486435450999885\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.21725463867186,\n              33.128351191631566\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.69653320312499,\n              33.128351191631566\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"51","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"565d813ae4b071e7ea54345a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Densmore, Jill N. 0000-0002-5345-6613 jidensmo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5345-6613","contributorId":1474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Jill","email":"jidensmo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":536721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":1375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John A.","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":536720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murtaugh, Joseph M.","contributorId":150070,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murtaugh","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swarzenski, Peter W. 0000-0003-0116-0578 pswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":1070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Peter","email":"pswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bullen, Thomas D. 0000-0003-2281-1691 tdbullen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2281-1691","contributorId":1969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"Thomas","email":"tdbullen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70129358,"text":"70129358 - 2014 - Scaling up watershed model parameters--Flow and load simulations of the Edisto River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-30T14:36:50","indexId":"70129358","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Scaling up watershed model parameters--Flow and load simulations of the Edisto River Basin","docAbstract":"<p>The Edisto River is the longest and largest river system completely contained in South Carolina and is one of the longest free flowing blackwater rivers in the United States. The Edisto River basin also has fish-tissue mercury concentrations that are some of the highest recorded in the United States. As part of an effort by the U.S. Geological Survey to expand the understanding of relations among hydrologic, geochemical, and ecological processes that affect fish-tissue mercury concentrations within the Edisto River basin, analyses and simulations of the hydrology of the Edisto River basin were made with the topography-based hydrological model (TOPMODEL). The potential for scaling up a previous application of TOPMODEL for the McTier Creek watershed, which is a small headwater catchment to the Edisto River basin, was assessed. Scaling up was done in a step-wise process beginning with applying the calibration parameters, meteorological data, and topographic wetness index data from the McTier Creek TOPMODEL to the Edisto River TOPMODEL. Additional changes were made with subsequent simulations culminating in the best simulation, which included meteorological and topographic wetness index data from the Edisto River basin and updated calibration parameters for some of the TOPMODEL calibration parameters. Comparison of goodness-of-fit statistics between measured and simulated daily mean streamflow for the two models showed that with calibration, the Edisto River TOPMODEL produced slightly better results than the McTier Creek model, despite the significant difference in the drainage-area size at the outlet locations for the two models (30.7 and 2,725 square miles, respectively). Along with the TOPMODEL hydrologic simulations, a visualization tool (the Edisto River Data Viewer) was developed to help assess trends and influencing variables in the stream ecosystem. Incorporated into the visualization tool were the water-quality load models TOPLOAD, TOPLOAD-H, and LOADEST. Because the focus of this investigation was on scaling up the models from McTier Creek, water-quality concentrations that were previously collected in the McTier Creek basin were used in the water-quality load models.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2014 South Carolina Water Resources Conference","conferenceTitle":"2014 South Carolina Water Resources Conference","conferenceDate":"October 15-16, 2014","conferenceLocation":"Columbia, South Carolina","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Feaster, T., Benedict, S., Clark, J.M., Bradley, P.M., and Conrads, P., 2014, Scaling up watershed model parameters--Flow and load simulations of the Edisto River Basin, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 2014 South Carolina Water Resources Conference, Columbia, South Carolina, October 15-16, 2014, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059324","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311630,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Edisto River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.45700073242188,\n              32.505129231918936\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.51742553710938,\n              32.986779893387755\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.54190063476562,\n              33.52536850360117\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.52130126953125,\n              33.74147082163694\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.474609375,\n              33.81452532651738\n            ],\n           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jmclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3138-5738","contributorId":4773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Jimmy","email":"jmclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Conrads, Paul 0000-0003-0408-4208 pconrads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0408-4208","contributorId":764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrads","given":"Paul","email":"pconrads@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70126737,"text":"70126737 - 2014 - USGS National Wildlife Health Center quarterly wildlife mortality report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-13T14:31:02.752658","indexId":"70126737","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-15T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3769,"text":"Wildlife Disease Association Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"USGS National Wildlife Health Center quarterly wildlife mortality report","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","usgsCitation":"Ballmann, A.E., Bodenstein, B.L., Dusek, R., and Chipault, J.G., 2014, USGS National Wildlife Health Center quarterly wildlife mortality report: Wildlife Disease Association Newsletter, no. October 2014, p. 8-9.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"8","endPage":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059742","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295338,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.wildlifedisease.org/PersonifyEbusiness/Resources/Publications/Newsletter/Archive"},{"id":295339,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -180.17578125,\n              17.14079039331665\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.17578125,\n              72.71190310803662\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.7421875,\n              72.71190310803662\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.7421875,\n              17.14079039331665\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.17578125,\n              17.14079039331665\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","issue":"October 2014","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"543f7e94e4b065f4ad22cf7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ballmann, Anne E. 0000-0002-0380-056X aballmann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0380-056X","contributorId":1153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballmann","given":"Anne","email":"aballmann@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":502142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bodenstein, Barbara L. 0000-0001-7946-0103 bbodenstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7946-0103","contributorId":4389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodenstein","given":"Barbara","email":"bbodenstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dusek, Robert J. 0000-0001-6177-7479 rdusek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-7479","contributorId":140066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusek","given":"Robert J.","email":"rdusek@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":502141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chipault, Jennifer G. 0000-0002-1368-622X jchipault@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1368-622X","contributorId":4765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chipault","given":"Jennifer","email":"jchipault@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":502143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70128836,"text":"70128836 - 2014 - Evidence for large-magnitude, post-Eocene extension in the northern Shoshone Range, Nevada, and its implications for Carlin-type gold deposits in the lower plate of the Roberts Mountains allochthon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-15T09:07:29","indexId":"70128836","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-15T09:02:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for large-magnitude, post-Eocene extension in the northern Shoshone Range, Nevada, and its implications for Carlin-type gold deposits in the lower plate of the Roberts Mountains allochthon","docAbstract":"<p>The northern Shoshone and Toiyabe Ranges in north-central Nevada expose numerous areas of mineralized Paleozoic rock, including major Carlin-type gold deposits at Pipeline and Cortez. Paleozoic rocks in these areas were previously interpreted to have undergone negligible postmineralization extension and tilting, but here we present new data that suggest major post-Eocene extension along west-dipping normal faults. Tertiary rocks in the northern Shoshone Range crop out in two W-NW–trending belts that locally overlie and intrude highly deformed Lower Paleozoic rocks of the Roberts Mountains allochthon. Tertiary exposures in the more extensive, northern belt were interpreted as subvertical breccia pipes (intrusions), but new field data indicate that these “pipes” consist of a 35.8 Ma densely welded dacitic ash flow tuff (informally named the tuff of Mount Lewis) interbedded with sandstones and coarse volcaniclastic deposits. Both tuff and sedimentary rocks strike N-S and dip 30° to 70° E; the steeply dipping compaction foliation in the tuffs was interpreted as subvertical flow foliation in breccia pipes. The southern belt along Mill Creek, previously mapped as undivided welded tuff, includes the tuff of Cove mine (34.4 Ma) and unit B of the Bates Mountain Tuff (30.6 Ma). These tuffs dip 30° to 50° east, suggesting that their west-dipping contacts with underlying Paleozoic rocks (previously mapped as depositional) are normal faults. Tertiary rocks in both belts were deposited on Paleozoic basement and none appear to be breccia pipes. We infer that their present east tilt is due to extension on west-dipping normal faults. Some of these faults may be the northern strands of middle Miocene (ca. 16 Ma) faults that cut and tilted the 34.0 Ma Caetano caldera ~40° east in the central Shoshone Range (<5 km south of Mill Creek), but further mapping is necessary to trace the faults through the highly deformed Paleozoic rocks that surround the isolated Tertiary outcrops. Significant post-Eocene extensional faulting in the northern Shoshone Range may have important implications for both the structure of the Roberts Mountains allochthon and the exposure of potentially mineralized rocks in its lower plate, both of which were likely east-tilted and repeated by west-dipping faults together with overlying Tertiary rocks.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.109.7.1843","usgsCitation":"Colgan, J.P., Henry, C., and John, D.A., 2014, Evidence for large-magnitude, post-Eocene extension in the northern Shoshone Range, Nevada, and its implications for Carlin-type gold deposits in the lower plate of the Roberts Mountains allochthon: Economic Geology, v. 109, no. 7, p. 1843-1862, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.109.7.1843.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1843","endPage":"1862","ipdsId":"IP-044321","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295332,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295331,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.109.7.1843"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Shoshone Rangebound","volume":"109","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"543f7e87e4b065f4ad22cf7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colgan, Joseph P. 0000-0001-6671-1436 jcolgan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6671-1436","contributorId":1649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colgan","given":"Joseph","email":"jcolgan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henry, Christopher D.","contributorId":74320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"Christopher D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"John, David A. 0000-0001-7977-9106 djohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7977-9106","contributorId":1748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"David","email":"djohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70174119,"text":"70174119 - 2014 - Book review: Ecology of North American freshwater fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-29T13:00:08","indexId":"70174119","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-15T06:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Book review: Ecology of North American freshwater fishes","docAbstract":"<div class=\"t m0 x2 h4 yc ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws0\">\n<p class=\"t m0 x5 h4 y2f ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws0\">This book will be important in courses for upper undergraduates studying fish ecology or for graduate students. However, it will also be an excellent reference for the fishery manager who asks &lsquo;Why does this fish do that?&rsquo;. With the wealth of great information contained in Ross&rsquo; book, chances are an answer will be found.</p>\n</div>\n<p><span>Review info:</span><i>&nbsp;Ecology of North American freshwater fishes.</i><span>&nbsp;Edited by Stephen T. Ross, 2013. ISBN: 978-0520249455, 408&nbsp;pp.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","doi":"10.1111/jfb.12536","usgsCitation":"Bonar, S.A., 2014, Book review: Ecology of North American freshwater fishes: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 85, no. 5, p. 1799-1800, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12536.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1799","endPage":"1800","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059466","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324620,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5774f1ade4b07dd077c698f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bonar, Scott A. 0000-0003-3532-4067 sbonar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3532-4067","contributorId":3712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonar","given":"Scott","email":"sbonar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70125696,"text":"70125696 - 2014 - Assessment of the NCHRP abutment scour prediction equations with laboratory and field data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-29T12:18:41","indexId":"70125696","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Assessment of the NCHRP abutment scour prediction equations with laboratory and field data","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey, in coopeation with nthe National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) is assessing the performance of several abutment-scour predcition equations developed in NCHRP Project 24-15(2) and NCHRP Project 24-20. To accomplish this assssment, 516 laboratory and 329 fiels measurements of abutment scor were complied from selected sources and applied tto the new equations. Results will be used to identify stregths, weaknesses, and limitations of the NCHRP abutment scour equations, providing practical insights for applying the equations. This paper presents some prelimiray findings from the investigation.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"S.C. Water Resources Conference 2014 Proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"S.C. Water Resources Conference 2014","conferenceDate":"October 15-16, 2014","conferenceLocation":"Columbia, SC","language":"English","publisher":"Clemson University Institute of Computational Technology","publisherLocation":"Clemson, SC","usgsCitation":"Benedict, S., 2014, Assessment of the NCHRP abutment scour prediction equations with laboratory and field data, <i>in</i> S.C. Water Resources Conference 2014 Proceedings, Columbia, SC, October 15-16, 2014, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059119","costCenters":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296237,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":296236,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/scwrc/2014/2014basin/3/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546f10e7e4b057be23d4a755","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benedict, Stephen T. benedict@usgs.gov","contributorId":3198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benedict","given":"Stephen T.","email":"benedict@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70125697,"text":"70125697 - 2014 - A guidance manual for assessing scour potential using the South Carolina bridge-scour envelope curves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-29T12:15:46","indexId":"70125697","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A guidance manual for assessing scour potential using the South Carolina bridge-scour envelope curves","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Transportation, conducted a series of three field investigations of bridge scour in order to better understand regional trends of scour within South Carolina. The studies collected historic-scour data at approximately 200 riverine bridges including measurements of clear-water abutment, contraction, and pier scour, as well as live-bed contraction and pier scour. These investigations provided valuable insights for regional scour trends and yielded bridge-scour envelope curves for assessing scour potential associated with all components of scour at riverine bridges in South Carolina. The application and limitations of these envelop cureves were documents in three reports, Each repoort addresses different components of bridge scour and this, there is a need to develop an integrated procedure for applying the South Carolina bridge-scour envelope curves. To address this need, the U.S. Geological Survey and the South Carolina Department of Transportation initiated a cooperative effort to develop an integrated procedure and document the method in a guidance manual. In addition to developing the integrated procedure, field data from other investigations outside of South Carolina were used to verify the South Carolina bridge-source envelope curves.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"S.C. Water Resources Conference 2014 Proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"S.C. Water Resources Conference 2014","conferenceDate":"October 15-16, 2014","conferenceLocation":"Columbia, SC","language":"English","publisher":"Clemson University Institute of Computational Technology","publisherLocation":"Clemson, SC","usgsCitation":"Benedict, S., Caldwell, A.W., and Feaster, T., 2014, A guidance manual for assessing scour potential using the South Carolina bridge-scour envelope curves, <i>in</i> S.C. Water Resources Conference 2014 Proceedings, Columbia, SC, October 15-16, 2014, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059120","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296228,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/scwrc/2014/2014basin/2/"},{"id":296229,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South 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,{"id":70148006,"text":"70148006 - 2014 - Tsunamis: stochastic models of occurrence and generation mechanisms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-11T16:45:31","indexId":"70148006","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Tsunamis: stochastic models of occurrence and generation mechanisms","docAbstract":"<p>The devastating consequences of the 2004 Indian Ocean and 2011 Japan tsunamis have led to increased research into many different aspects of the tsunami phenomenon. In this entry, we review research related to the observed complexity and uncertainty associated with tsunami generation, propagation, and occurrence described and analyzed using a variety of stochastic methods. In each case, seismogenic tsunamis are primarily considered. Stochastic models are developed from the physical theories that govern tsunami evolution combined with empirical models fitted to seismic and tsunami observations, as well as tsunami catalogs. These stochastic methods are key to providing probabilistic forecasts and hazard assessments for tsunamis. The stochastic methods described here are similar to those described for earthquakes (Vere-Jones 2013) and volcanoes (Bebbington&nbsp;<span id=\"_mce_caret\" data-mce-bogus=\"true\"><i></i>2013</span>) in this encyclopedia.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of complexity and systems science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer New York","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-27737-5_595-1","collaboration":"UC Riverside","usgsCitation":"Geist, E.L., and Oglesby, D.D., 2014, Tsunamis: stochastic models of occurrence and generation mechanisms, chap. <i>of</i> Encyclopedia of complexity and systems science, p. 1-29, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27737-5_595-1.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"29","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056422","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310876,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"563496b7e4b0480763480085","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geist, Eric L. 0000-0003-0611-1150 egeist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":1956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"Eric","email":"egeist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oglesby, David D.","contributorId":51637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oglesby","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70125316,"text":"ofr20141184 - 2014 - Use of acoustic backscatter to estimate continuous suspended sediment and phosphorus concentrations in the Barton River, northern Vermont, 2010-2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-14T15:07:22","indexId":"ofr20141184","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-14T15:01:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1184","title":"Use of acoustic backscatter to estimate continuous suspended sediment and phosphorus concentrations in the Barton River, northern Vermont, 2010-2013","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation, investigated the use of acoustic backscatter to estimate concentrations of suspended sediment and total phosphorus at the Barton River near Coventry, Vermont. The hypothesis was that acoustic backscatter—the reflection of sound waves off objects back to the source from which they came—measured by an acoustic Doppler profiler (ADP) and recorded as ancillary data for the calculation of discharge, also could be used to generate a continuous concentration record of suspended sediment and phosphorus at the streamgage, thereby deriving added value from the instrument. Suspended-sediment and phosphorus concentrations are of particular interest in Vermont, where impairment of surface waters by suspended sediments and phosphorus is a major concern.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Regression models for estimating suspended-sediment concentrations (SSCs) and total phosphorus concentrations evaluated several independent variables: measured backscatter (MB), water-corrected backscatter (WCB), sediment-corrected backscatter (SCB), discharge, fluid-absorption coefficient, sediment-driven acoustic attenuation coefficient, and discharge hysteresis. The best regression equations for estimating SSC used backscatter as the predictor, reflecting the direct relation between acoustic backscatter and SSC. Backscatter was a better predictor of SSC than discharge in part because hysteresis between SSC and backscatter was less than for SSC and discharge. All three backscatter variables—MB, WCB, and SCB—performed equally as predictors of SSC and phosphorus concentrations at the Barton River site. The similar abilities to predict SSC among backscatter terms may partially be attributed to the low values and narrow range of the sediment-driven acoustic attenuation in the Barton River. The regression based on SCB was selected for estimating SSC because it removes potential bias caused by attenuation and temperature fluctuations. The best regression model for estimating phosphorus concentrations included terms for discharge and discharge hysteresis. The finding that discharge hysteresis was a significant predictor of phosphorus concentrations might be related to preferential sorption of phosphorus to fine-grained sediments, which have been found to be particularly sensitive to hysteresis. Regression models designed to estimate phosphorus concentrations had less predictive power than the models for SSCs.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Data from the Barton River did not fully support one of the study’s hypotheses—that backscatter is mostly caused by sands, and attenuation is mostly caused by fines. Sands, fines, and total SSCs in the Barton River all related better to backscatter than to sediment-driven acoustic attenuation. The weak relation between SSC and sediment-driven acoustic attenuation may be related to the low values and narrow range of SSCs and sediment attenuations observed at Barton River. A weak relation between SSC and sediment-driven acoustic attenuation also suggests that the diameters of the fine-sized suspended sediments in the Barton River may be predominantly greater than 20 micrometers (μm). Long-term changes in the particle-size distribution (PSD) were not observed in Barton River; however, some degree of within-storm changes in sediment source and possibly PSD were inferred from the hysteresis between SSC and SCB.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141184","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Medalie, L., Chalmers, A.T., Kiah, R.G., and Copans, B., 2014, Use of acoustic backscatter to estimate continuous suspended sediment and phosphorus concentrations in the Barton River, northern Vermont, 2010-2013: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1184, Report: vii, 29 p.; Readme; 4 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141184.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 29 p.; Readme; 4 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"41","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2010-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-057620","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295322,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1184/ofr2014-1184_readme.txt"},{"id":295323,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1184/appendix/ofr2014-1184_app1.txt"},{"id":295320,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1184/"},{"id":295324,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1184/appendix/ofr2014-1184_app2.txt"},{"id":295321,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1184/pdf/ofr2014-1184.pdf"},{"id":295325,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1184/appendix/ofr2014-1184_app3.pdf"},{"id":295326,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1184/appendix/ofr2014-1184_app4.pdf"},{"id":295327,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141184.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Barton River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"543e2d08e4b0fd76af69cee2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Medalie, Laura 0000-0002-2440-2149 lmedalie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2440-2149","contributorId":3657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medalie","given":"Laura","email":"lmedalie@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chalmers, Ann T. 0000-0002-5199-8080 chalmers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5199-8080","contributorId":1443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chalmers","given":"Ann","email":"chalmers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kiah, Richard G. 0000-0001-6236-2507 rkiah@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6236-2507","contributorId":2637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiah","given":"Richard","email":"rkiah@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Copans, Benjamin","contributorId":99064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Copans","given":"Benjamin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70120621,"text":"sir20145139 - 2014 - Anthropogenic organic compounds in source water of select community water systems in the United States, 2002-10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-12T20:08:24","indexId":"sir20145139","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-14T11:52:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5139","title":"Anthropogenic organic compounds in source water of select community water systems in the United States, 2002-10","docAbstract":"<p>Drinking water delivered by community water systems (CWSs) comes from one or both of two sources: surface water and groundwater. Source water is raw, untreated water used by CWSs and is usually treated before distribution to consumers. Beginning in 2002, the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment Program initiated Source Water-Quality Assessments (SWQAs) at select CWSs across the United States, primarily to characterize the occurrence of a large number of anthropogenic organic compounds that are predominantly unregulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Source-water samples from CWSs were collected during 2002–10 from 20 surface-water sites (river intakes) and during 2002–09 from 448 groundwater sites (supply wells). River intakes were sampled approximately 16 times during a 1-year sampling period, and supply wells were sampled once. Samples were monitored for 265 anthropogenic organic compounds. An additional 3 herbicides and 16 herbicide degradates were monitored in samples collected from 8 river intakes and 118 supply wells in areas where these compounds likely have been used. Thirty-seven compounds have an established U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for drinking water, 123 have USGS Health-Based Screening Levels (HBSLs), and 29 are included on the EPA Contaminant Candidate List 3. All compounds detected in source water were evaluated both with and without an assessment level and were grouped into 13 categories (hereafter termed as “use groups”) based on their primary use or source.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The CWS sites were characterized in a national context using an extract of the EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System to develop spatially derived and system-specific ancillary data. Community water system information is contained in the EPA Public Supply Database, which includes 2,016 active river intakes and 112,099 active supply wells. Ancillary variables including population served, watershed size, land use, population density, and recharge were characterized for each of the watersheds for river intakes and contributing areas for supply wells.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>A total of 313 samples were collected from 20 river intakes. Between the years of 2002 through 2010, samples were collected approximately 16 times over the course of a year. Seventy-one compounds from 12 of the 13 use groups commonly occurred (detected in greater than or equal to 1 percent of samples using an assessment level of 0.05 microgram per liter or when a compound was detected in greater than or equal to 10 percent of samples without an assessment level) indicating a wide variety of sources and pathways to these rivers and highlighting the importance of source-water protection strategies.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>A total of 448 supply wells were sampled once during 2002–10 as part of 30 independent groundwater studies. About 15 CWS supply wells were sampled for each independent groundwater study. Twenty-eight compounds from 7 of the 13 use groups commonly occurred indicating a wide variety of sources and pathways exist for these compounds to reach these wells and highlighting the importance of wellhead protection strategies.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>About one-half the 265 compounds monitored (122) were detected in both surface water and groundwater samples. A more diverse suite of compounds were detected in surface water in comparison to groundwater. However, herbicides and herbicide degradates were the most frequent group of compounds detected in both surface water and groundwater. Sixty-five of the most commonly occurring compounds were detected in one or more samples from both surface water and groundwater.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Human-health benchmarks (MCLs for regulated compounds and HBSLs for unregulated compounds) were available for more than one-half the compounds (160 of the 265) monitored in this study. Fifty-eight percent (41 of 71) of the commonly occurring compounds in surface water have a human-health benchmark to which concentrations can be compared; 19 have MCLs and 22 have HBSLs. Eighty-three percent (24 of 28) of the most commonly occurring compounds in groundwater have a human-health benchmark for which concentrations can be compared; 14 have MCLs and 10 have HBSLs.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>To put results from this study into context with the national distribution of river intakes and supply wells used by CWSs, sites were grouped into the respective national population of land-use quartiles. The increase in compound occurrence with increasing urban and agricultural land use in the watershed or contributing area was more evident for rivers than for supply wells. The increase in detection frequency of herbicides and herbicide degradates with increasing agricultural land use was more evident for rivers than for supply wells. The occurrence of solvents did not change substantially with increasing urban land use for rivers or supply wells.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Basic co-occurrence analyses were completed with and without an assessment level. Considering all detections in surface water without an assessment level, approximately 86 percent of source-water samples contained 2 or more compounds, and 50 percent of samples contained at least 14 compounds. Considering all detections in groundwater without an assessment level, 50 percent of samples contained at least three compounds. For the most part, the compounds detected most frequently as individual compounds in the environment often composed the most frequent unique mixtures. Five of the 10 most frequently co-occurring unique mixtures in both surface water and groundwater were the same: atrazine and deethylatrazine; atrazine and chloroform; deethylatrazine and simazine; atrazine and simazine; and deethylatrazine, atrazine, and simazine. Because similar mixtures were identified in both surface water and groundwater without an assessment level, future studies could be directed toward better understanding the toxicological importance of these unique mixtures.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Summed concentrations of herbicide degradates were compared to concentrations of the parent herbicides in surface-water and groundwater samples collected from 8 river intakes and 118 CWS wells, from which samples were analyzed for an additional 3 herbicides and 16 degradates. The toxicity to humans for many of these degradate products is largely unknown and thus points to the importance of monitoring these compounds (both the parent and degradate) in the environment.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>This study highlights the importance of anthropogenic organic compounds in source water of select CWSs in the United States by characterizing their occurrence in surface-water and groundwater samples. Compound concentrations and occurrence are summarized and evaluated in a human-health context, when possible. Additionally, compounds found to co-occur as mixtures for both surface water and groundwater highlight the significance of low-level compound co-occurrence.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145139","usgsCitation":"Valder, J., Delzer, G.C., Kingsbury, J.A., Hopple, J.A., Price, C.V., and Bender, D.A., 2014, Anthropogenic organic compounds in source water of select community water systems in the United States, 2002-10: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5139, xii, 129 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145139.","productDescription":"xii, 129 p.","numberOfPages":"146","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-042029","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295282,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145139.jpg"},{"id":295281,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5139/pdf/sir2014-5139.pdf"},{"id":295280,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5139/"}],"scale":"2000000","projection":"Albers Equal Area Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum","country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"543e2d05e4b0fd76af69ceda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Valder, Joshua F. 0000-0003-3733-8868 jvalder@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3733-8868","contributorId":1431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valder","given":"Joshua F.","email":"jvalder@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Delzer, Gregory C. 0000-0002-7077-4963 gcdelzer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7077-4963","contributorId":986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delzer","given":"Gregory","email":"gcdelzer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kingsbury, James A. 0000-0003-4985-275X jakingsb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4985-275X","contributorId":883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kingsbury","given":"James","email":"jakingsb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hopple, Jessica A. 0000-0003-3180-2252 jahopple@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3180-2252","contributorId":992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopple","given":"Jessica","email":"jahopple@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Price, Curtis V. 0000-0002-4315-3539 cprice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4315-3539","contributorId":983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Curtis","email":"cprice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bender, David A. 0000-0002-1269-0948 dabender@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1269-0948","contributorId":985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bender","given":"David","email":"dabender@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70116934,"text":"ofr20141149 - 2014 - Relations of water-quality constituent concentrations to surrogate measurements in the lower Platte River corridor, Nebraska, 2007 through 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-14T11:49:17","indexId":"ofr20141149","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-14T11:44:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1149","title":"Relations of water-quality constituent concentrations to surrogate measurements in the lower Platte River corridor, Nebraska, 2007 through 2011","docAbstract":"<p>The lower Platte River, Nebraska, provides drinking water, irrigation water, and in-stream flows for recreation, wildlife habitat, and vital habitats for several threatened and endangered species. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Lower Platte River Corridor Alliance (LPRCA) developed site-specific regression models for water-quality constituents at four sites (Shell Creek near Columbus, Nebraska [USGS site 06795500]; Elkhorn River at Waterloo, Nebr. [USGS site 06800500]; Salt Creek near Ashland, Nebr. [USGS site 06805000]; and Platte River at Louisville, Nebr. [USGS site 06805500]) in the lower Platte River corridor. The models were developed by relating continuously monitored water-quality properties (surrogate measurements) to discrete water-quality samples. These models enable existing web-based software to provide near-real-time estimates of stream-specific constituent concentrations to support natural resources management decisions.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Since 2007, USGS, in cooperation with the LPRCA, has continuously monitored four water-quality properties seasonally within the lower Platte River corridor: specific conductance, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity. During 2007 through 2011, the USGS and the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality collected and analyzed discrete water-quality samples for nutrients, major ions, pesticides, suspended sediment, and bacteria. These datasets were used to develop the regression models. This report documents the collection of these various water-quality datasets and the development of the site-specific regression models.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Regression models were developed for all four monitored sites. Constituent models for Shell Creek included nitrate plus nitrite, total phosphorus, orthophosphate, atrazine, acetochlor, suspended sediment, and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria. Regression models that were developed for the Elkhorn River included nitrate plus nitrite, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus, orthophosphate, chloride, atrazine, acetochlor, suspended sediment, and E. coli. Models developed for Salt Creek included nitrate plus nitrite, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, suspended sediment, and E. coli. Lastly, models developed for the Platte River site included total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus, sodium, metolachlor, atrazine, acetochlor, suspended sediment, and E. coli.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141149","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lower Platte River Corridor Alliance and the Nebraska Environmental Trust","usgsCitation":"Schaepe, N.J., Soenksen, P.J., and Rus, D.L., 2014, Relations of water-quality constituent concentrations to surrogate measurements in the lower Platte River corridor, Nebraska, 2007 through 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1149, v, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141149.","productDescription":"v, 16 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-053021","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295278,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141149.jpg"},{"id":295277,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1149/pdf/ofr2014-1149.pdf"},{"id":295276,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1149/"}],"datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"543e2d07e4b0fd76af69cee0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaepe, Nathaniel J. 0000-0003-1776-7411 nschaepe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1776-7411","contributorId":2377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaepe","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nschaepe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soenksen, Philip J. pjsoenks@usgs.gov","contributorId":3983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soenksen","given":"Philip","email":"pjsoenks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":495897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rus, David L. 0000-0003-3538-7826 dlrus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3538-7826","contributorId":881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rus","given":"David","email":"dlrus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70103476,"text":"cir1395 - 2014 - Mercury in the nation's streams - Levels, trends, and implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-16T16:04:50","indexId":"cir1395","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-14T11:09:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1395","title":"Mercury in the nation's streams - Levels, trends, and implications","docAbstract":"<p>Mercury is a potent neurotoxin that accumulates in fish to levels of concern for human health and the health of fish-eating wildlife. Mercury contamination of fish is the primary reason for issuing fish consumption advisories, which exist in every State in the Nation. Much of the mercury originates from combustion of coal and can travel long distances in the atmosphere before being deposited. This can result in mercury-contaminated fish in areas with no obvious source of mercury pollution.</p><p>Three key factors determine the level of mercury contamination in fish - the amount of inorganic mercury available to an ecosystem, the conversion of inorganic mercury to methylmercury, and the bioaccumulation of methylmercury through the food web. Inorganic mercury originates from both natural sources (such as volcanoes, geologic deposits of mercury, geothermal springs, and volatilization from the ocean) and anthropogenic sources (such as coal combustion, mining, and use of mercury in products and industrial processes). Humans have doubled the amount of inorganic mercury in the global atmosphere since pre-industrial times, with substantially greater increases occurring at locations closer to major urban areas.</p><p>In aquatic ecosystems, some inorganic mercury is converted to methylmercury, the form that ultimately accumulates in fish. The rate of mercury methylation, thus the amount of methylmercury produced, varies greatly in time and space, and depends on numerous environmental factors, including temperature and the amounts of oxygen, organic matter, and sulfate that are present.</p><p>Methylmercury enters aquatic food webs when it is taken up from water by algae and other microorganisms. Methylmercury concentrations increase with successively higher trophic levels in the food web—a process known as bioaccumulation. In general, fish at the top of the food web consume other fish and tend to accumulate the highest methylmercury concentrations.</p><p>This report summarizes selected stream studies conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) since the late 1990s, while also drawing on scientific literature and datasets from other sources. Previous national mercury assessments by other agencies have focused largely on lakes. Although numerous studies of mercury in streams have been conducted at local and regional scales, recent USGS studies provide the most comprehensive, multimedia assessment of streams across the United States, and yield insights about the importance of watershed characteristics relative to mercury inputs. Information from other environments (lakes, wetlands, soil, atmosphere, glacial ice) also is summarized to help understand how mercury varies in space and time.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1395","usgsCitation":"Wentz, D.A., Brigham, M.E., Chasar, L., Lutz, M., and Krabbenhoft, D.P., 2014, Mercury in the nation's streams - Levels, trends, and implications: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1395, v, 90 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1395.","productDescription":"v, 90 p.","numberOfPages":"100","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-018277","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295279,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir1395.jpg"},{"id":295319,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1395/"},{"id":295271,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1395/pdf/circ1395.pdf"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"543e2d07e4b0fd76af69cede","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wentz, Dennis A. dawentz@usgs.gov","contributorId":1838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wentz","given":"Dennis","email":"dawentz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":493343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brigham, Mark E. 0000-0001-7412-6800 mbrigham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7412-6800","contributorId":1840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brigham","given":"Mark","email":"mbrigham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chasar, Lia C.","contributorId":52905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chasar","given":"Lia C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lutz, Michelle A.","contributorId":11526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutz","given":"Michelle A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70133236,"text":"70133236 - 2014 - Northeast regional and state trends in anuran occupancy from calling survey data (2001-2011) from the North American Amphibian Monitoring Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-14T15:59:50","indexId":"70133236","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1894,"text":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","onlineIssn":"2151-0733","printIssn":"1931-7603","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Northeast regional and state trends in anuran occupancy from calling survey data (2001-2011) from the North American Amphibian Monitoring Program","docAbstract":"<p>We present the first regional trends in anuran occupancy from North American Amphibian Monitoring Program (NAAMP) data from 11 northeastern states using an 11 years of data. NAAMP is a long-term monitoring program where observers collect data at assigned random roadside routes using a calling survey technique. We assessed occupancy trends for 17 species. Eight species had statistically significant regional trends, of these seven were negative (Anaxyrus fowleri, Acris crepitans, Pseudacris brachyphona, Pseudacris feriarum-kalmi complex, Lithobates palustris, Lithobates pipiens, and Lithobates sphenocephalus) and one was positive (Hyla versicolor-chrysoscelis complex). We also assessed state level trends for 101 species/state combinations, of these 29 showed a significant decline and nine showed a significant increase in occupancy.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Partners in Amphibian and Reptile Conservation","usgsCitation":"Weir, L., Royle, J., Gazenski, K.D., and Villena Carpio, O., 2014, Northeast regional and state trends in anuran occupancy from calling survey data (2001-2011) from the North American Amphibian Monitoring Program: Herpetological Conservation and Biology, v. 9, no. 2, p. 223-245.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"245","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049585","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296128,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295962,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.herpconbio.org/contents_vol9_issue2.html"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546727bee4b04d4b7dbde889","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weir, Linda A. lweir@usgs.gov","contributorId":3201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weir","given":"Linda A.","email":"lweir@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":524934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167 aroyle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":3504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","email":"aroyle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":524935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gazenski, Kimberly D.","contributorId":55306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gazenski","given":"Kimberly","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":524936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Villena Carpio, Oswaldo ovillenacarpio@usgs.gov","contributorId":127375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villena Carpio","given":"Oswaldo","email":"ovillenacarpio@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":524937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70132466,"text":"70132466 - 2014 - High-resolution delineation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds in a dipping, fractured mudstone: depth- and strata-dependent spatial variability from rock-core sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-14T16:01:01","indexId":"70132466","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-resolution delineation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds in a dipping, fractured mudstone: depth- and strata-dependent spatial variability from rock-core sampling","docAbstract":"<p>Synthesis of rock-core sampling and chlorinated volatile organic compound (CVOC) analysis at five coreholes, with hydraulic and water-quality monitoring and a detailed hydrogeologic framework, was used to characterize the fine-scale distribution of CVOCs in dipping, fractured mudstones of the Lockatong Formation of Triassic age, of the Newark Basin in West Trenton, New Jersey. From these results, a refined conceptual model for more than 55 years of migration of CVOCs and depth- and strata-dependent rock-matrix contamination was developed. Industrial use of trichloroethene (TCE) at the former Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC) from 1953 to 1995 resulted in dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) TCE and dissolved TCE and related breakdown products, including other CVOCs, in underlying mudstones. Shallow highly weathered and fractured strata overlie unweathered, gently dipping, fractured strata that become progressively less fractured with depth. The unweathered lithology includes black highly fractured (fissile) carbon-rich strata, gray mildly fractured thinly layered (laminated) strata, and light-gray weakly fractured massive strata. CVOC concentrations in water samples pumped from the shallow weathered and highly fractured strata remain elevated near residual DNAPL TCE, but dilution by uncontaminated recharge, and other natural and engineered attenuation processes, have substantially reduced concentrations along flow paths removed from sources and residual DNAPL. CVOCs also were detected in most rock-core samples in source areas in shallow wells. In many locations, lower aqueous concentrations, compared to rock core concentrations, suggest that CVOCs are presently back-diffusing from the rock matrix. Below the weathered and highly fractured strata, and to depths of at least 50 meters (m), groundwater flow and contaminant transport is primarily in bedding-plane-oriented fractures in thin fissile high-carbon strata, and in fractured, laminated strata of the gently dipping mudstones. Despite more than 18 years of pump and treat (P&amp;T) remediation, and natural attenuation processes, CVOC concentrations in aqueous samples pumped from these deeper strata remain elevated in isolated intervals. DNAPL was detected in one borehole during coring at a depth of 27 m. In contrast to core samples from the weathered zone, concentrations in core samples from deeper unweathered and unfractured strata are typically below detection. However, high CVOC concentrations were found in isolated samples from fissile black carbon-rich strata and fractured gray laminated strata. Aqueous-phase concentrations were correspondingly high in samples pumped from these strata via short-interval wells or packer-isolated zones in long boreholes. A refined conceptual site model considers that prior to P&amp;T remediation groundwater flow was primarily subhorizontal in the higher-permeability near surface strata, and the bulk of contaminant mass was shallow. CVOCs diffused into these fractured and weathered mudstones. DNAPL and high concentrations of CVOCs migrated slowly down in deeper unweathered strata, primarily along isolated dipping bedding-plane fractures. After P&amp;T began in 1995, using wells open to both shallow and deep strata, downward transport of dissolved CVOCs accelerated. Diffusion of TCE and other CVOCs from deeper fractures penetrated only a few centimeters into the unweathered rock matrix, likely due to sorption of CVOCs on rock organic carbon. Remediation in the deep, unweathered strata may benefit from the relatively limited migration of CVOCs into the rock matrix. Synthesis of rock core sampling from closely spaced boreholes with geophysical logging and hydraulic testing improves understanding of the controls on CVOC delineation and informs remediation design and monitoring.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.10.005","usgsCitation":"Goode, D., Imbrigiotta, T., and Lacombe, P., 2014, High-resolution delineation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds in a dipping, fractured mudstone: depth- and strata-dependent spatial variability from rock-core sampling: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 171, p. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.10.005.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051397","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296109,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Newark Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.81640625,\n              40.38839687388361\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.81640625,\n              41.541477666790286\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.85009765625,\n              41.541477666790286\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.85009765625,\n              40.38839687388361\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.81640625,\n              40.38839687388361\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"171","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546727b8e4b04d4b7dbde857","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goode, Daniel J. 0000-0002-8527-2456 djgoode@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8527-2456","contributorId":2433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goode","given":"Daniel J.","email":"djgoode@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":522913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Imbrigiotta, Thomas E. 0000-0003-1716-4768 timbrig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1716-4768","contributorId":2466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imbrigiotta","given":"Thomas E.","email":"timbrig@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":522914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lacombe, Pierre J. placombe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacombe","given":"Pierre J.","email":"placombe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":522915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70117089,"text":"70117089 - 2014 - Modelling landscape-scale erosion potential related to vehicle disturbances along the U.S.-Mexico border","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-17T16:25:12","indexId":"70117089","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-11T02:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2597,"text":"Land Degradation and Development","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modelling landscape-scale erosion potential related to vehicle disturbances along the U.S.-Mexico border","docAbstract":"<p><span>Decades of intensive off-road vehicle use for border security, immigration, smuggling, recreation, and military training along the USA&ndash;Mexico border have prompted concerns about long-term human impacts on sensitive desert ecosystems. To help managers identify areas susceptible to soil erosion from anthropogenic activities, we developed a series of erosion potential models based on factors from the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). To better express the vulnerability of soils to human disturbances, we refined two factors whose categorical and spatial representations limit the application of the USLE for non-agricultural landscapes: the&nbsp;</span><i>C</i><span>-factor (vegetation cover) and the&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>-factor (support practice/management). A soil compaction index (</span><i>P</i><span>-factor) was calculated as the difference in saturated hydrologic conductivity (</span><i>K<sub>s</sub></i><span>) between disturbed and undisturbed soils, which was then scaled up to maps of vehicle disturbances digitized from aerial photography. The&nbsp;</span><i>C</i><span>-factor was improved using a satellite-based vegetation index, which was better correlated with estimated ground cover (</span><i>r</i><sup>2</sup><span>&thinsp;=&thinsp;0&middot;77) than data derived from land cover (</span><i>r</i><sup>2</sup><span>&thinsp;=&thinsp;0&middot;06). We identified 9,780&thinsp;km of unauthorized off-road tracks in the 2,800-km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;study area. Maps of these disturbances, when integrated with soil compaction data using the USLE, provided landscape-scale information on areas vulnerable to erosion from both natural processes and human activities and are detailed enough for adaptive management and restoration planning. The models revealed erosion potential hotspots adjacent to the border and within areas managed as critical habitat for the threatened flat-tailed horned lizard and endangered Sonoran pronghorn.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ldr.2317","usgsCitation":"Villarreal, M.L., Webb, R., Norman, L.M., Psillas, J.L., Rosenberg, A., Carmichael, S., Petrakis, R., and Sparks, P.E., 2014, Modelling landscape-scale erosion potential related to vehicle disturbances along the U.S.-Mexico border: Land Degradation and Development, v. 27, no. 4, p. 1106-1121, https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2317.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1106","endPage":"1121","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053329","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294983,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.82910156249999,\n              31.28793989264176\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.82910156249999,\n              33.422272258866016\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.07177734375,\n              33.422272258866016\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.07177734375,\n              31.28793989264176\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.82910156249999,\n              31.28793989264176\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5434f286e4b0a4f4b46a235e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Villarreal, Miguel L. 0000-0003-0720-1422 mvillarreal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0720-1422","contributorId":1424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villarreal","given":"Miguel","email":"mvillarreal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webb, Robert H. rhwebb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webb","given":"Robert H.","email":"rhwebb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":495930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Norman, Laura M. 0000-0002-3696-8406 lnorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3696-8406","contributorId":967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"Laura","email":"lnorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Psillas, Jennifer L.","contributorId":23092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Psillas","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rosenberg, Abigail S.","contributorId":77467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberg","given":"Abigail S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Carmichael, Shinji","contributorId":63748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carmichael","given":"Shinji","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Petrakis, Roy E.","contributorId":107632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petrakis","given":"Roy E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sparks, Philip E.","contributorId":12398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparks","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70121925,"text":"ofr20141133 - 2014 - Geology and assessment of unconventional resources of Phitsanulok Basin, Thailand","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-19T14:34:32","indexId":"ofr20141133","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-10T15:39:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1133","title":"Geology and assessment of unconventional resources of Phitsanulok Basin, Thailand","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) quantitatively assessed the potential for unconventional oil and gas resources within the Phitsanulok Basin of Thailand. Unconventional resources for the USGS include shale gas, shale oil, tight gas, tight oil, and coalbed gas. In the Phitsanulok Basin, only potential shale-oil and shale-gas resources were quantitatively assessed.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141133","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey Phitsanulok Basin Assessment Team, 2014, Geology and assessment of unconventional resources of Phitsanulok Basin, Thailand: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1133, Report: 63.0 x 40.0 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141133.","productDescription":"Report: 63.0 x 40.0 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-056341","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295239,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1133/"},{"id":295242,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141133.jpg"},{"id":295241,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1133/pdf/ofr2014-1133.pdf"}],"country":"Thailand","otherGeospatial":"Phitsanulok Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5438e705e4b0c47db429057d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey Phitsanulok Basin Assessment Team","contributorId":192157,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Geological Survey Phitsanulok Basin Assessment Team","id":695664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70128634,"text":"ofr20141214 - 2014 - California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Half Moon Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T19:32:32.867742","indexId":"ofr20141214","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-10T14:58:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1214","title":"California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Half Moon Bay, California","docAbstract":"<p>In 2007, the California Ocean Protection Council initiated the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP), designed to create a comprehensive seafloor map of high-resolution bathymetry, marine benthic habitats, and geology within the 3-nautical-mile limit of California’s State Waters. The CSMP approach is to create highly detailed seafloor maps through collection, integration, interpretation, and visualization of swath sonar data, acoustic backscatter, seafloor video, seafloor photography, high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, and bottom-sediment sampling data. The map products display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats, and illustrate both the surficial seafloor geology and shallow (to about 100 m) subsurface geology.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The Offshore of Half Moon Bay map area is located in northern California, on the Pacific coast of the San Francisco Peninsula about 40 kilometers south of the Golden Gate. The city of Half Moon Bay, which is situated on the east side of the Half Moon Bay embayment, is the nearest significant onshore cultural center in the map area, with a population of about 11,000. The Pillar Point Harbor at the north edge of Half Moon Bay offers a protected landing for boats and provides other marine infrastructure.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The map area lies offshore of the Santa Cruz Mountains, part of the northwest-trending Coast Ranges that run roughly parallel to the San Andreas Fault Zone. The Santa Cruz Mountains lie between the San Andreas Fault Zone and the San Gregorio Fault system. The flat coastal area, which is the most recent of numerous marine terraces, was formed by wave erosion about 105 thousand years ago. The higher elevation of this same terrace west of the Half Moon Bay Airport is caused by uplift on the Seal Cove Fault, a splay of the San Gregorio Fault Zone. Although originally incised into the rising terrain horizontally, the ancient terrace surface has been gently folded into a northwest-plunging syncline by compression related to right-lateral strike-slip movement along the San Gregorio Fault Zone. The lowest elevation coincides with the deepest part of Half Moon Bay; the terrace surface rises both to the north and to the south. Uplift in this map area has resulted in relatively shallow water depths within California’s State Waters and, thus, little accommodation space for sediment accumulation. Sediment is observed in the shelter of Half Moon Bay and on the outer half of the California’s State Waters shelf. Sediment in the area is mobile, often forming dunes and sand waves.</p>\n<br>\n<p>A westward bend in the San Andreas Fault Zone, southeast of the map area, coupled with right-lateral movement along the Seal Cove Fault, which comes ashore in Pillar Point Harbor, has resulted in the folding and uplifting of sedimentary rocks of the Purisima Formation in the offshore. Differential erosion of these folded and faulted layers of the Purisima Formation has exposed the parallel curved-rock ridges that are visible on the seafloor from the headland at Pillar Point. During the winter, strong North Pacific storms generate large, long-period waves that shoal and break over this bedrock reef at the world-famous surfing location known as Mavericks.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The Offshore of Half Moon Bay map area lies within the cold-temperate biogeographic zone that is called either the “Oregonian province” or the “northern California ecoregion.” This biogeographic province is maintained by the long-term stability of the southward-flowing California Current, an eastern limb of the North Pacific subtropical gyre that flows from Oregon to Baja California. At its midpoint off central California, the California Current transports subarctic surface (0–500 m deep) waters southward, about 150 to 1,300 km from shore. Seasonal northwesterly winds that are, in part, responsible for the California Current, generate coastal upwelling. The south end of the Oregonian province is at Point Conception (about 365 km south of the map area), although its associated phylogeographic group of marine fauna may extend beyond to the area offshore of Los Angeles in southern California. The ocean off central California has experienced a warming over the last 50 years that is driving an ecosystem shift away from the productive subarctic regime towards a depopulated subtropical environment.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Seafloor habitats in the Offshore of Half Moon Bay map area, which lies within the Shelf (continental shelf) megahabitat, range from significant rocky outcrops that support kelp-forest communities nearshore to rocky-reef communities in deep water. Biological productivity resulting from coastal upwelling supports populations of sea birds such as Sooty Shearwater, Western Gull, Common Murre, Cassin’s Auklet, and many other less populous bird species. In addition, an observable recovery of Humpback and Blue Whales has occurred in the area; both species are dependent on coastal upwelling to provide nutrients. The large extent of exposed inner shelf bedrock supports large forests of “bull kelp,” which is well adapted for high wave-energy environments. Common fish species found in the kelp beds and rocky reefs include lingcod and various species of rockfish and greenling.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141214","usgsCitation":"Cochrane, G.R., Dartnell, P., Greene, H., Johnson, S.Y., Golden, N., Hartwell, S., Dieter, B.E., Manson, M., Sliter, R.W., Ross, S.L., Watt, J., Endris, C.A., Kvitek, R.G., Phillips, E.L., Erdey, M.D., Chin, J., and Bretz, C., 2014, California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Half Moon Bay, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1214, Pamphlet: iv, 37 p.; 10 Plates: 49.0 x 36.0 inches and smaller; Metadata; Data Catalog, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141214.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 37 p.; 10 Plates: 49.0 x 36.0 inches and smaller; Metadata; Data Catalog","numberOfPages":"41","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-038729","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295233,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141214.jpg"},{"id":295226,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1214/pdf/ofr2014-1214_sheet4.pdf"},{"id":295225,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1214/pdf/ofr2014-1214_sheet3.pdf"},{"id":295224,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1214/pdf/ofr2014-1214_sheet2.pdf"},{"id":295223,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1214/pdf/ofr2014-1214_sheet1.pdf"},{"id":295221,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1214/"},{"id":295222,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1214/pdf/ofr2014-1214_pamphlet.pdf"},{"id":398973,"rank":14,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_100883.htm"},{"id":295232,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1214/pdf/ofr2014-1214_sheet10.pdf"},{"id":295231,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1214/pdf/ofr2014-1214_sheet9.pdf"},{"id":295230,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1214/pdf/ofr2014-1214_sheet8.pdf"},{"id":295229,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1214/pdf/ofr2014-1214_sheet7.pdf"},{"id":295228,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1214/pdf/ofr2014-1214_sheet6.pdf"},{"id":295227,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1214/pdf/ofr2014-1214_sheet5.pdf"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Half Moon Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.5833,\n              37.3833\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.3944,\n              37.3833\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.3944,\n              37.5464\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.5833,\n              37.5464\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.5833,\n              37.3833\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5438e705e4b0c47db4290577","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cochrane, Guy R. 0000-0002-8094-4583 gcochrane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8094-4583","contributorId":2870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochrane","given":"Guy","email":"gcochrane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dartnell, Peter 0000-0002-9554-729X pdartnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9554-729X","contributorId":2688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"Peter","email":"pdartnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greene, H. 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,{"id":70124101,"text":"ofr20141198 - 2014 - Late Holocene sedimentary environments of south San Francisco Bay, California, illustrated in gravity cores","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-09T13:32:28.455946","indexId":"ofr20141198","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-10T13:55:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1198","title":"Late Holocene sedimentary environments of south San Francisco Bay, California, illustrated in gravity cores","docAbstract":"Data are reported here from 51 gravity cores collected from the southern part of San Francisco Bay by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1990. The sedimentary record in the cores demonstrates a stable geographic distribution of facies and spans a few thousand years. Carbon-14 dating of the sediments suggests that sedimentation rates average about 1 mm/yr. The geometry of the bay floor and the character of the sediment deposited have remained about the same in the time spanned by the cores. However, the sedimentary record over periods of centuries or decades is likely to be much more variable. Sediments containing a few bivalve shells and bivalve or oyster coquinas are most often found west of the main channel and near the San Mateo Bridge. Elsewhere in the south bay, shells are rare except in the southernmost reaches where scattered gastropod shells are found.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141198","usgsCitation":"Woodrow, D., Fregoso, T., Wong, F.L., and Jaffe, B.E., 2014, Late Holocene sedimentary environments of south San Francisco Bay, California, illustrated in gravity cores: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1198, Report: iv, 91 p.; Spatial Data; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141198.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 91 p.; Spatial Data; Metadata","numberOfPages":"97","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-054320","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295217,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1198/pdf/ofr2014-1198.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":295218,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1198/downloads/ofr2014-1198_shape.zip","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":295216,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1198/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":295219,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1198/downloads/metadata","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":376153,"rank":5,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1198/images/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.26660156249999,\n              37.23032838760387\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.4208984375,\n              37.23032838760387\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.4208984375,\n              38.41055825094609\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.26660156249999,\n              38.41055825094609\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.26660156249999,\n              37.23032838760387\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5438e706e4b0c47db4290587","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodrow, Donald L.","contributorId":88668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodrow","given":"Donald L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fregoso, Theresa A.","contributorId":81824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fregoso","given":"Theresa A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wong, Florence L. 0000-0002-3918-5896 fwong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3918-5896","contributorId":1990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"Florence","email":"fwong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce E. 0000-0002-8816-5920 bjaffe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-5920","contributorId":2049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","email":"bjaffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70139360,"text":"70139360 - 2014 - Population age and initial density in a patchy environment affect the occurrence of abrupt transitions in a birth-and-death model of Taylor's law","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-27T09:25:14","indexId":"70139360","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-10T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population age and initial density in a patchy environment affect the occurrence of abrupt transitions in a birth-and-death model of Taylor's law","docAbstract":"<p>Taylor's power law describes an empirical relationship between the mean and variance of population densities in field data, in which the variance varies as a power, <i>b</i>, of the mean. Most studies report values of <i>b</i> varying between 1 and 2. However, Cohen (2014a) showed recently that smooth changes in environmental conditions in a model can lead to an abrupt, infinite change in <i>b</i>. To understand what factors can influence the occurrence of an abrupt change in <i>b</i>, we used both mathematical analysis and Monte Carlo samples from a model in which populations of the same species settled on patches, and each population followed independently a stochastic linear birth-and-death process. We investigated how the power relationship responds to a smooth change of population growth rate, under different sampling strategies, initial population density, and population age. We showed analytically that, if the initial populations differ only in density, and samples are taken from all patches after the same time period following a major invasion event, Taylor's law holds with exponent <i>b</i>=1, regardless of the population growth rate. If samples are taken at different times from patches that have the same initial population densities, we calculate an abrupt shift of <i>b</i>, as predicted by Cohen (2014a). The loss of linearity between log variance and log mean is a leading indicator of the abrupt shift. If both initial population densities and population ages vary among patches, estimates of <i>b</i> lie between 1 and 2, as in most empirical studies. But the value of <i>b</i> declines to ~1 as the system approaches a critical point. Our results can inform empirical studies that might be designed to demonstrate an abrupt shift in Taylor's law.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.06.022","usgsCitation":"Jiang, J., DeAngelis, D., Zhang, B., and Cohen, J., 2014, Population age and initial density in a patchy environment affect the occurrence of abrupt transitions in a birth-and-death model of Taylor's law: Ecological Modelling, v. 289, p. 59-65, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.06.022.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"65","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053931","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297568,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304380014003044"},{"id":297569,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"289","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c27e4b08de9379b366d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jiang, Jiang","contributorId":46838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jiang","given":"Jiang","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":138934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhang, B.","contributorId":62854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cohen, J.E.","contributorId":85545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70111148,"text":"sir20145105 - 2014 - Updated study reporting levels (SRLs) for trace-element data collected for the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Priority Basin Project, October 2009-March 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-10T09:36:15","indexId":"sir20145105","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-10T09:06:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5105","title":"Updated study reporting levels (SRLs) for trace-element data collected for the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Priority Basin Project, October 2009-March 2013","docAbstract":"<p>Groundwater samples have been collected in California as part of statewide investigations of groundwater quality conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey for the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Priority Basin Project (PBP). The GAMA-PBP is being conducted in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board to assess and monitor the quality of groundwater resources used for drinking-water supply and to improve public knowledge of groundwater quality in California. Quality-control samples (source-solution blanks, equipment blanks, and field blanks) were collected in order to ensure the quality of the groundwater sample results.\n</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Olsen and others (2010) previously determined study reporting levels (SRLs) for trace-element results based primarily on field blanks collected in California from May 2004 through January 2008. SRLs are raised reporting levels used to reduce the likelihood of reporting false detections attributable to contamination bias. The purpose of this report is to identify any changes in the frequency and concentrations of detections in field blanks since the last evaluation and update the SRLs for more recent data accordingly. Constituents analyzed were aluminum (Al), antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), boron (B), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), lithium (Li), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), silver (Ag), strontium (Sr), thallium (Tl), tungsten (W), uranium (U), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Data from 179 field blanks and equipment blanks collected from March 2006 through March 2013 by the GAMA-PBP indicated that for trace elements that had a change in detection frequency and concentration since the previous review, the shift occurred near October 2009, in conjunction with a change in the capsule filters used by the study. Results for 89 field blanks and equipment blanks collected from October 2009 through March 2013 were evaluated for potential contamination bias by using the same approach developed by Olsen and others (2010). Some data collected by the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program for the Southern California Coastal Drainages study unit were included to supplement the GAMA-PBP data. The detection frequency and upper threshold of potential contamination bias (BD-90/90) were determined from field-blank and equipment-blank data for each trace element. The BD-90/90 is the 90th percentile concentration of potential extrinsic contamination calculated by using the binomial probability distribution for greater than 90 percent confidence. Additionally, data from laboratory blanks and blind blanks analyzed by the National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL) during water years 2010 through 2013, and compiled by the USGS Branch of Quality Systems (BQS), were considered for each trace element. These results were compared to each constituent’s reporting level to determine whether an SRL was necessary to minimize the potential for detections in the groundwater samples, attributed principally to contamination bias. Results of the evaluation were used to set SRLs for trace-element data for about 1,135 samples of groundwater collected by the GAMA-PBP between October 2009 and March 2013.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Ten trace elements analyzed (Sb, As, Be, B, Cd, Li, Se, Ag, Tl, and U) had blank results that did not necessitate establishing SRLs during this review or the review by Olsen and others (2010). Five trace elements analyzed (Al, Ba, Cr, Sr, and V) had blank results that necessitated establishing an SRL during the previous review but did not need an SRL starting October 2009. One trace element (Fe) had field and laboratory-blank results that necessitated keeping the previous SRL (6 micrograms per liter [μg/L]). Two trace elements (Ni and W) had quality-control results that warranted decreasing the previous SRL, and five trace elements (Cu, Pb, Mn, Mo, and Zn) had field, laboratory, or blind blank results that warranted establishing an SRL for the first time or increasing the previous SRL. SRLs for Cu (2.1 μg/L), Pb (0.82 μg/L), Mn (0.66 μg/L), Mo (0.023 μg/L), Ni (0.21 μg/L), W (0.023 μg/L), and Zn (6.2 μg/L) were changed to these levels starting October 2009, based on the BD-90/90 concentration for field blanks or the 99th percentile concentration for laboratory or blind blanks. The SRL for Fe was maintained at 6 μg/L, based on the minimum laboratory reporting level for iron. SRLs for these eight constituents were at least an order of magnitude below the regulatory benchmarks established for drinking water for health and aesthetic purposes; therefore, the practice of reporting concentrations below the SRLs as less than or equal to (≤) the measured value would not prevent the identification of values greater than the drinking-water benchmarks. Co was detected in 99 percent of field blanks, and with a BD-90/90 concentration of 0.38 μg/L, all groundwater results starting October 2009 were coded as “reviewed and rejected.” Co does not currently have a regulatory benchmark for drinking water. The primary sources of contamination for trace elements inferred from this review are the equipment or processes used in the field to collect the samples or in the laboratory. In particular, contamination in field blanks of Co and Mn was attributed to the high-capacity 0.45-micrometer pore-size capsule filters that were in regular use beginning in October 2009 by several USGS programs, including the GAMA-PBP and NAWQA Program, for filtering samples for analysis of trace elements.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The SRLs determined in this report are intended to be used for GAMA groundwater-quality data for samples collected October 2009 through March 2013, or for as long as quality-control data indicate contamination similar to what was observed in this report; quality-control data should be continuously reviewed and SRLs re-assessed on at least a study-unit basis.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145105","collaboration":"A product of the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program; Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Davis, T., Olsen, L., Fram, M.S., and Belitz, K., 2014, Updated study reporting levels (SRLs) for trace-element data collected for the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Priority Basin Project, October 2009-March 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5105, viii, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145105.","productDescription":"viii, 52 p.","numberOfPages":"64","ipdsId":"IP-045787","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295207,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145105.jpg"},{"id":295204,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5105/"},{"id":295206,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5105/pdf/sir2014-5105.pdf"}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area Conic Projection","country":"United States","state":"California","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5438e707e4b0c47db429058d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Tracy A. 0000-0003-0253-6661","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0253-6661","contributorId":32459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Tracy A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olsen, Lisa D. ldolsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Lisa D.","email":"ldolsen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70159633,"text":"70159633 - 2014 - Identifying the pollen of an extinct spruce species in the Late Quaternary sediments of the Tunica Hills region, south-eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-16T15:28:31","indexId":"70159633","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-10T02:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2437,"text":"Journal of Quaternary Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying the pollen of an extinct spruce species in the Late Quaternary sediments of the Tunica Hills region, south-eastern United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>Late Quaternary fluvial deposits in the Tunica Hills region of Louisiana and Mississippi are rich in spruce macrofossils of the extinct species&nbsp;</span><i>Picea critchfieldii</i><span>, the one recognized plant extinction of the Late Quaternary. However, the morphology of&nbsp;</span><i>P. critchfieldii</i><span>&nbsp;pollen is unknown, presenting a barrier to the interpretation of pollen spectra from the last glacial of North America. To address this issue, we undertook a morphometric study of&nbsp;</span><i>Picea</i><span>&nbsp;pollen from Tunica Hills. Morphometric data, together with qualitative observations of pollen morphology using Apotome fluorescence microscopy, indicate that&nbsp;</span><i>Picea</i><span>&nbsp;pollen from Tunica Hills is morphologically distinct from the pollen of&nbsp;</span><i>P. glauca</i><span>,&nbsp;</span><i>P. mariana</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>P. rubens</i><span>. Measurements of grain length, corpus width and corpus height indicate that&nbsp;</span><i>Picea</i><span>&nbsp;pollen from Tunica Hills is larger than the pollen of&nbsp;</span><i>P. mariana</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>P. rubens</i><span>, and is slightly larger than&nbsp;</span><i>P. glauca</i><span>&nbsp;pollen. We argue that the morphologically distinctive Tunica Hills&nbsp;</span><i>Picea</i><span>&nbsp;pollen was probably produced by the extinct spruce species&nbsp;</span><i>P. critchfieldii</i><span>. These morphological differences could be used to identify&nbsp;</span><i>P. critchfieldii</i><span>&nbsp;in existing and newly collected pollen records, which would refine its paleoecologic and biogeographic history and clarify the nature and timing of its extinction in the Late Quaternary.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Published for the Quaternary Research Association [by] Longman","publisherLocation":"Harlow, Essex","doi":"10.1002/jqs.2745","usgsCitation":"Mander, L., Rodriguez, J., Mueller, P.G., Jackson, S.T., and Punyasena, S.W., 2014, Identifying the pollen of an extinct spruce species in the Late Quaternary sediments of the Tunica Hills region, south-eastern United States: Journal of Quaternary Science, v. 29, no. 7, p. 711-721, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.2745.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"711","endPage":"721","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055542","costCenters":[{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311393,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana, Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Tunica Hills region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.4556884765625,\n              31.77020763186669\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.999755859375,\n              31.67909579713163\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.65917968749999,\n              31.571515531519776\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.5108642578125,\n              31.42163196041962\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.3076171875,\n              30.94463573937753\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.3460693359375,\n              30.313616689930676\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.7196044921875,\n              30.15462722077597\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.24420166015624,\n              30.071470887901302\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.8841552734375,\n              30.14512718337613\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.3455810546875,\n              30.287531589298727\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.4334716796875,\n              31.44741029142872\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.2906494140625,\n              31.751525328078905\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.9281005859375,\n              31.812229022640732\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.4556884765625,\n              31.77020763186669\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564b0c4de4b0ebfbef0d315b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mander, Luke","contributorId":149850,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mander","given":"Luke","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17840,"text":"University of Exeter","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodriguez, Jacklyn","contributorId":149851,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Jacklyn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":15289,"text":"University of Illinois, Ven Te Chow Hydrosystems Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mueller, Pietra G.","contributorId":149852,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mueller","given":"Pietra","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":17841,"text":"Illinois State Museum","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jackson, Stephen T. 0000-0002-1487-4652 stjackson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1487-4652","contributorId":344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"Stephen","email":"stjackson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":560,"text":"South Central Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Punyasena, Surangi W.","contributorId":149853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Punyasena","given":"Surangi","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":17842,"text":"University of Wyoming, Laramie","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70123551,"text":"fs20143094 - 2014 - Microbial water quality during the northern migration of Sandhill Cranes (<i>Grus canadensis</i>) at the central Platte River, Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-09T16:06:40","indexId":"fs20143094","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-09T16:02:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3094","title":"Microbial water quality during the northern migration of Sandhill Cranes (<i>Grus canadensis</i>) at the central Platte River, Nebraska","docAbstract":"The central Platte River is an important resource in Nebraska. Its water flows among multiple channels and supports numerous beneficial uses such as drinking water, irrigation for agriculture, groundwater recharge, and recreational activities. The central Platte River valley is an important stopover for migratory waterfowl and cranes, such as the Whooping (<i>Grus americana</i>) and Sandhill Cranes (<i>Grus canadensis</i>), in their annual northward traversal of the Central Flyway. Waterfowl, cranes, and other migratory birds moving across international and intercontinental borders may provide long-range transportation for any microbial pathogen they harbor, particularly through the spread of feces. Samples were collected weekly in the study reach from three sites (upstream, middle, and downstream from the roosting locations) during the spring of 2009 and 2010. The samples were analyzed for avian influenza, <i>Escherichia coli, Cryptosporidium, Giardia, Campylobacter</i>, and <i>Legionella</i>. Analysis indicates that several types of fecal indicator bacteria and a range of viral, protozoan, and bacterial pathogens were present in Sandhill Crane excreta. These bacteria and pathogens were present at a significantly higher frequency and densities in water and sediments when the Sandhill Cranes were present, particularly during evening roosts within the Platte River environment.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143094","usgsCitation":"Moser, M.T., 2014, Microbial water quality during the northern migration of Sandhill Cranes (<i>Grus canadensis</i>) at the central Platte River, Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3094, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143094.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-041415","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295201,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143094.jpg"},{"id":295199,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3094/"},{"id":295200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3094/pdf/fs2014-3094.pdf"}],"scale":"2000000","country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Platte River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54379588e4b08a816ca6360f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moser, Matthew T. 0000-0002-4891-3381","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4891-3381","contributorId":94994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moser","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70120860,"text":"ofr20141171 - 2014 - Relations between continuous real-time turbidity data and discrete suspended-sediment concentration samples in the Neosho and Cottonwood Rivers, east-central Kansas, 2009-2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-09T15:59:51","indexId":"ofr20141171","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-09T15:55:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1171","title":"Relations between continuous real-time turbidity data and discrete suspended-sediment concentration samples in the Neosho and Cottonwood Rivers, east-central Kansas, 2009-2012","docAbstract":"The Neosho River and its primary tributary, the Cottonwood River, are the primary sources of inflow to the John Redmond Reservoir in east-central Kansas. Sedimentation rate in the John Redmond Reservoir was estimated as 743 acre-feet per year for 1964–2006. This estimated sedimentation rate is more than 80 percent larger than the projected design sedimentation rate of 404 acre-feet per year, and resulted in a loss of 40 percent of the conservation pool since its construction in 1964. To reduce sediment input into the reservoir, the Kansas Water Office implemented stream bank stabilization techniques along an 8.3 mile reach of the Neosho River during 2010 through 2011. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Kansas Water Office and funded in part through the Kansas State Water Plan Fund, operated continuous real-time water-quality monitors upstream and downstream from stream bank stabilization efforts before, during, and after construction. Continuously measured water-quality properties include streamflow, specific conductance, water temperature, and turbidity. Discrete sediment samples were collected from June 2009 through September 2012 and analyzed for suspended-sediment concentration (SSC), percentage of sediments less than 63 micrometers (sand-fine break), and loss of material on ignition (analogous to amount of organic matter). Regression models were developed to establish relations between discretely measured SSC samples, and turbidity or streamflow to estimate continuously SSC. Continuous water-quality monitors represented between 96 and 99 percent of the cross-sectional variability for turbidity, and had slopes between 0.91 and 0.98. Because consistent bias was not observed, values from continuous water-quality monitors were considered representative of stream conditions. On average, turbidity-based SSC models explained 96 percent of the variance in SSC. Streamflow-based regressions explained 53 to 60 percent of the variance. Mean squared prediction error for turbidity-based regression relations ranged from -32 to 48 percent, whereas mean square prediction error for streamflow-based regressions ranged from -69 to 218 percent. These models are useful for evaluating the variability of SSC during rapidly changing conditions, computing loads and yields to assess SSC transport through the watershed, and for providing more accurate load estimates compared to streamflow-only based estimation methods used in the past. These models can be used to evaluate the efficacy of streambank stabilization efforts.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141171","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kansas Water Office","usgsCitation":"Foster, G., 2014, Relations between continuous real-time turbidity data and discrete suspended-sediment concentration samples in the Neosho and Cottonwood Rivers, east-central Kansas, 2009-2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1171, iv, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141171.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2009-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-052388","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295198,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141171.jpg"},{"id":295196,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1171/"},{"id":295197,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1171/pdf/ofr2014-1171.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Cottonwood River, Neosho River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54379589e4b08a816ca63611","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foster, Guy M. gfoster@usgs.gov","contributorId":3437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Guy M.","email":"gfoster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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