Examination of angler‐caught piscivore stomachs revealed that Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush, Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, and Walleyes Sander vitreus altered their diets in response to unprecedented declines in Lake Huron's main‐basin prey fish community. Diets varied by predator species, season, and location but were nearly always dominated numerically by some combination of Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus, Rainbow Smelt Osmerus mordax, Emerald Shiner Notropis atherinoides, Round Goby Neogobius melanostomus, or terrestrial insects. Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (steelhead), Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch, and Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar had varied diets that reflected higher contributions of insects. Compared with an earlier (1983–1986) examination of angler‐caught predator fishes from Lake Huron, the contemporary results showed an increase in consumption of nontraditional prey (including conspecifics), use of smaller prey, and an increase in insects in the diet, suggesting that piscivores were faced with chronic prey limitation during this study. The management of all piscivores in Lake Huron will likely require consideration of the pervasive effects of changes in food webs, especially if prey fish remain at low levels.
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Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T15:02:28","indexId":"70128498","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-09T10:29:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3773,"text":"Wildlife Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat prioritization across large landscapes, multiple seasons, and novel areas: an example using greater sage-grouse in Wyoming","docAbstract":"Animal habitat selection is an important and expansive area of research in ecology. In particular, the study of habitat selection is critical in habitat prioritization efforts for species of conservation concern. Landscape planning for species is happening at ever-increasing extents because of the appreciation for the role of landscape-scale patterns in species persistence coupled to improved datasets for species and habitats, and the expanding and intensifying footprint of human land uses on the landscape. We present a large-scale collaborative effort to develop habitat selection models across large landscapes and multiple seasons for prioritizing habitat for a species of conservation concern. Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus, hereafter sage-grouse) occur in western semi-arid landscapes in North America. Range-wide population declines of this species have been documented, and it is currently considered as “warranted but precluded” from listing under the United States Endangered Species Act. Wyoming is predicted to remain a stronghold for sage-grouse populations and contains approximately 37% of remaining birds. We compiled location data from 14 unique radiotelemetry studies (data collected 1994–2010) and habitat data from high-quality, biologically relevant, geographic information system (GIS) layers across Wyoming. We developed habitat selection models for greater sage-grouse across Wyoming for 3 distinct life stages: 1) nesting, 2) summer, and 3) winter. We developed patch and landscape models across 4 extents, producing statewide and regional (southwest, central, northeast) models for Wyoming. Habitat selection varied among regions and seasons, yet preferred habitat attributes generally matched the extensive literature on sage-grouse seasonal habitat requirements. Across seasons and regions, birds preferred areas with greater percentage sagebrush cover and avoided paved roads, agriculture, and forested areas. Birds consistently preferred areas with higher precipitation in the summer and avoided rugged terrain in the winter. Selection for sagebrush cover varied regionally with stronger selection in the Northeast region, likely because of limited availability, whereas avoidance of paved roads was fairly consistent across regions. We chose resource selection function (RSF) thresholds for each model set (seasonal × regional combination) that delineated important seasonal habitats for sage-grouse. Each model set showed good validation and discriminatory capabilities within study-site boundaries. We applied the nesting-season models to a novel area not included in model development. The percentage of independent nest locations that fell directly within identified important habitat was not overly impressive in the novel area (49%); however, including a 500-m buffer around important habitat captured 98% of independent nest locations within the novel area. We also used leks and associated peak male counts as a proxy for nesting habitat outside of the study sites used to develop the models. A 1.5-km buffer around the important nesting habitat boundaries included 77% of males counted at leks in Wyoming outside of the study sites. Data were not available to quantitatively test the performance of the summer and winter models outside our study sites. The collection of models presented here represents large-scale resource-management planning tools that are a significant advancement to previous tools in terms of spatial and temporal resolution.","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/wmon.1014","usgsCitation":"Fedy, B., Doherty, K., Aldridge, C.L., O’Donnell, M.S., Beck, J.L., Bedrosian, B., Gummer, D., Holloran, M.J., Johnson, G., Kaczor, N.W., Kirol, C., Mandich, C., Marshall, D., McKee, G., Olson, C., Pratt, A.C., Swanson, C.C., and Walker, B.L., 2014, Habitat prioritization across large landscapes, multiple seasons, and novel areas: an example using greater sage-grouse in Wyoming: Wildlife Monographs, v. 190, no. 1, p. 1-39, https://doi.org/10.1002/wmon.1014.","productDescription":"39 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"39","ipdsId":"IP-049825","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science 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Chad","contributorId":39710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Chad","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Pratt, Aaron C.","contributorId":68670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Swanson, Christopher C.","contributorId":53316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Walker, Brett L.","contributorId":87475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"Brett","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}} ,{"id":70127581,"text":"ofr20141211 - 2014 - Gully monitoring at two locations in the Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, 1996-2010, with emphasis on documenting effects of the March 2008 high-flow experiment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-09T08:55:24","indexId":"ofr20141211","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-09T08:47:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1211","title":"Gully monitoring at two locations in the Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, 1996-2010, with emphasis on documenting effects of the March 2008 high-flow experiment","docAbstract":"Many archeological sites in the Grand Canyon are being impacted by gully incision. In March 2008, a high-flow experiment (2008 HFE) was conducted with the intention of redistributing fine sediment (sand, silt, and clay) from the bed of the Colorado River to higher elevations along the channel margin. Deposition of fine sediment in gully mouths has been hypothesized to slow gully erosion rates and lessen impacts to archeological sites. The effects of the 2008 HFE on gullies were evaluated by comparing the topographic changes of three gullies at two study sites before and after the 2008 HFE. Comparison results indicated that sediment was deposited in gully mouths during the 2008 HFE, and that the inundated areas nearest to the river can be extensively altered by mainstream flow during high-flow events. Additionally, the history of gully evolution at the two study sites was examined between 1996 and 2010 and indicated that gullies have been subjected to thalweg incision and gully widening processes over a decadal timescale. Although the small sample size precludes extrapolating the results to other gullies, the findings contribute to the understanding of gully erosion in archeologically significant areas and have implications for future monitoring of gully erosion and evaluating the effectiveness of check dams intended to mitigate that erosion at archaeological sites in the Grand Canyon National Park.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141211","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Northern Arizona University","usgsCitation":"Schott, N.D., Hazel, J.E., Fairley, H., Kaplinski, M., and Parnell, R.A., 2014, Gully monitoring at two locations in the Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, 1996-2010, with emphasis on documenting effects of the March 2008 high-flow experiment: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1211, iv, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141211.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p.","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-025452","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295104,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141211.jpg"},{"id":295101,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1211/"},{"id":295103,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1211/pdf/ofr2014-1211.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Grand Canyon National Park","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54379588e4b08a816ca6360b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schott, Nathan D.","contributorId":85526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schott","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hazel, Joseph E. Jr.","contributorId":19500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hazel","given":"Joseph","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fairley, Helen C.","contributorId":40537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairley","given":"Helen C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kaplinski, Matt","contributorId":22709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaplinski","given":"Matt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Parnell, Roderic A.","contributorId":42902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parnell","given":"Roderic","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70128484,"text":"70128484 - 2014 - Spectral masking of goethite in abandoned mine drainage systems: implications for Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-08T14:53:23","indexId":"70128484","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-08T14:42:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spectral masking of goethite in abandoned mine drainage systems: implications for Mars","docAbstract":"Remote sensing studies of the surface of Mars use visible- to near-infrared (VNIR) spectroscopy to identify hydrated and hydroxylated minerals, which can be used to constrain past environmental conditions on the surface of Mars. However, due to differences in optical properties, some hydrated phases can mask others in VNIR spectra, complicating environmental interpretations. Here, we examine the role of masking in VNIR spectra of natural precipitates of ferrihydrite, schwertmannite, and goethite from abandoned mine drainage (AMD) systems in southeastern Pennsylvania. Mixtures of ferrihydrite, schwertmannite, and goethite were identified in four AMD sites by using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and their XRD patterns compared to their VNIR spectra. We find that both ferrihydrite and schwertmannite can mask goethite in VNIR spectra of natural AMD precipitates. These findings suggest that care should be taken in interpreting environments on Mars where ferrihydrite, schwertmannite, or goethite are found, as the former two may be masking the latter. Additionally, our findings suggest that outcrops on Mars with both goethite and ferrihydrite/schwertmannite VNIR signatures may have high relative abundances of goethite, or the goethite may exist in a coarsely crystalline phase.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2014.06.045","usgsCitation":"Cull, S., Cravotta, C.A., Klinges, J., and Weeks, C., 2014, Spectral masking of goethite in abandoned mine drainage systems: implications for Mars: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 403, p. 217-224, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.06.045.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"217","endPage":"224","ipdsId":"IP-057021","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295100,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295093,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.06.045"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Schuylkill County","volume":"403","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54364405e4b0a4f4b46a31cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cull, Selby","contributorId":19100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cull","given":"Selby","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cravotta, Charles A. III, 0000-0003-3116-4684 cravotta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3116-4684","contributorId":2193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"Charles","suffix":"III,","email":"cravotta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":502923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klinges, Julia Grace","contributorId":36877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klinges","given":"Julia Grace","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weeks, Chloe","contributorId":98660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weeks","given":"Chloe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70119728,"text":"70119728 - 2014 - Comparison of survival patterns of northern and southern genotypes of the North American tick Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) under northern and southern conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-09T13:18:19","indexId":"70119728","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-08T14:34:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3010,"text":"Parasites & Vectors","printIssn":"1756-3305","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of survival patterns of northern and southern genotypes of the North American tick Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) under northern and southern conditions","docAbstract":"Several investigators have reported genetic differences between northern and southern populations of Ixodes scapularis in North America, as well as differences in patterns of disease transmission. Ecological and behavioral correlates of these genetic differences, which might have implications for disease transmission, have not been reported. We compared survival of northern with that of southern genotypes under both northern and southern environmental conditions in laboratory trials.
Subadult I. scapularis from laboratory colonies that originated from adults collected from deer from several sites in the northeastern, north central, and southern U.S. were exposed to controlled conditions in environmental chambers. Northern and southern genotypes were exposed to light:dark and temperature conditions of northern and southern sites with controlled relative humidities, and mortality through time was recorded.
Ticks from different geographical locations differed in survival patterns, with larvae from Wisconsin surviving longer than larvae from Massachusetts, South Carolina or Georgia, when held under the same conditions. In another experiment, larvae from Florida survived longer than larvae from Michigan. Therefore, survival patterns of regional genotypes did not follow a simple north–south gradient. The most consistent result was that larvae from all locations generally survived longer under northern conditions than under southern conditions.
Our results suggest that conditions in southern North America are less hospitable than in the north to populations of I. scapularis. Southern conditions might have resulted in ecological or behavioral adaptations that contribute to the relative rarity of I. scapularis borne diseases, such as Lyme borreliosis, in the southern compared to the northern United States.
Boreal soils in permafrost regions contain vast quantities of frozen organic material that is released to terrestrial and aquatic environments via subsurface flowpaths as permafrost thaws. Longer flowpaths may allow chemical reduction of solutes, nutrients, and contaminants, with implications for greenhouse gas emissions and aqueous export. Predicting boreal catchment runoff is complicated by soil heterogeneities related to variability in active layer thickness, soil type, fire history, and preferential flow potential. By coupling measurements of permeability, infiltration potential, and water chemistry with a stream chemistry end member mixing model, we tested the hypothesis that organic soils and burned slopes are the primary sources of runoff, and that runoff from burned soils is greater due to increased hydraulic connectivity. Organic soils were more permeable than mineral soils, and 25% of infiltration moved laterally upon reaching the organic-mineral soil boundary on unburned hillslopes. A large portion of the remaining water infiltrated into deeper, less permeable soils. In contrast, burned hillslopes displayed poorly defined soil horizons, allowing rapid, mineral-rich runoff through preferential pathways at various depths. On the catchment scale, mineral/organic runoff ratios averaged 1.6 and were as high as 5.2 for an individual storm. Our results suggest that burned soils are the dominant source of water and solutes reaching the stream in summer, whereas unburned soils may provide longer term storage and residence times necessary for production of anaerobic compounds. These results are relevant to predicting how boreal catchment drainage networks and stream export will evolve given continued warming and altered fire regimes.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014WR015586","usgsCitation":"Koch, J.C., Kikuchi, C., Wickland, K.P., and Schuster, P., 2014, Runoff sources and flowpaths in a partially burned, upland boreal catchment underlain by permafrost: Water Resources Research, v. 50, no. 10, p. 8141-8158, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR015586.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"8141","endPage":"8158","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055593","costCenters":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472699,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014wr015586","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438740,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P946B22H","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Water Level, Temperature, and Discharge in West Twin Creek, Alaska, 2010 to 2012"},{"id":295090,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295089,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014WR015586"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"West Twin Creek","volume":"50","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54364405e4b0a4f4b46a31c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koch, Joshua C. 0000-0001-7180-6982 jkoch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7180-6982","contributorId":202532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koch","given":"Joshua","email":"jkoch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kikuchi, Colin P.","contributorId":8779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kikuchi","given":"Colin P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wickland, Kimberly P. 0000-0002-6400-0590 kpwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6400-0590","contributorId":1835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wickland","given":"Kimberly","email":"kpwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schuster, Paul","contributorId":81825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70122983,"text":"sim3308 - 2014 - Water-level altitudes 2014 and water-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers and compaction 1973-2013 in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, Houston-Galveston region, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T16:52:24","indexId":"sim3308","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-08T09:44:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3308","title":"Water-level altitudes 2014 and water-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers and compaction 1973-2013 in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, Houston-Galveston region, Texas","docAbstract":"Most of the land-surface subsidence in the Houston-Galveston region, Texas, has occurred as a direct result of groundwater withdrawals for municipal supply, commercial and industrial use, and irrigation that depressured and dewatered the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, thereby causing compaction of the aquifer sediments, mostly in the fine-grained clay and silt layers. This report, prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Harris-Galveston Subsidence District, City of Houston, Fort Bend Subsidence District, Lone Star Groundwater Conservation District, and Brazoria County Groundwater Conservation District, is one in an annual series of reports depicting water-level altitudes and water-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers and measured compaction of subsurface sediments in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers in the Houston-Galveston region. The report contains maps depicting approximate 2014 water-level altitudes (represented by measurements made during December 2013–March 2014) for the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers; maps depicting 1-year (2013–14) water-level changes for each aquifer; maps depicting contoured 5-year (2009–14) water-level changes for each aquifer; maps depicting contoured long-term (1990–2014 and 1977–2014) water-level changes for the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers; a map depicting contoured long-term (2000–14) water-level changes for the Jasper aquifer; a map depicting locations of borehole-extensometer sites; and graphs depicting measured cumulative compaction of subsurface sediments at the borehole extensometers during 1973–2013. Tables listing the data used to construct each water-level map for each aquifer and the compaction graphs are included.
\nIn 2014, water-level-altitude contours for the Chicot aquifer ranged from 200 ft below the vertical datum (National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 or the North American Vertical Datum of 1988; hereinafter, datum) in a small, localized area in southwestern Harris County to 200 ft above datum in western Montgomery County. Water-level changes for 2013–14 in the Chicot aquifer ranged from a 19-foot (ft) decline to a 31-ft rise. Contoured 5-year and long-term water-level changes in the Chicot aquifer ranged from an 80-ft decline to a 70-ft rise (2009–14), from a 120-ft decline to a 100-ft rise (1990–2014), and from a 120-ft decline to a 200-ft rise (1977–2014). In 2014, water-level-altitude contours for the Evangeline aquifer ranged from 300 ft below datum in two small, localized areas in south-central Montgomery County to 200 ft above datum in southeastern Grimes and northwestern Montgomery Counties. Water-level changes for 2013–14 in the Evangeline aquifer ranged from a 57-ft decline to a 47-ft rise. Contoured 5-year and long-term water-level changes in the Evangeline aquifer ranged from a 60-ft decline to a 100-ft rise (2009–14), from a 220-ft decline to a 240-ft rise (1990–2014), and from a 340-ft decline to a 260-ft rise (1977–2014). In 2014, water-level-altitude contours for the Jasper aquifer ranged from 250 ft below datum in south-central Montgomery County to 250 ft above datum in northwestern Montgomery County and extending into east-central Grimes and southwestern Walker Counties. Water-level changes for 2013–14 in the Jasper aquifer ranged from a 51-ft decline to a 40-ft rise. Contoured 5-year and long-term water-level changes in the Jasper aquifer ranged from a 100-ft decline to 40-ft rise (2009–14) and from a 220-ft decline to no change (2000–14).
\nCompaction of subsurface sediments (mostly in the fine-grained clay and silt layers) composing the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers was recorded continuously by using analog technology at the 13 borehole extensometers at 11 sites that were either activated or installed between 1973 and 1980. For the period of record beginning in 1973 (or later depending on activation or installation date) and ending in December 2013, measured cumulative compaction at the 13 extensometers ranged from 0.100 ft at the Texas City-Moses Lake extensometer to 3.654 ft at the Addicks extensometer. The rate of compaction varies from site to site because of differences in rates of groundwater withdrawal in the areas adjacent to each extensometer site and differences among sites in the ratios of clay, silt, and sand and compressibility of the subsurface sediments. Therefore, it is not appropriate to extrapolate or infer a rate of compaction for an adjacent area on the basis of the rate of compaction measured at nearby extensometers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3308","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Harris-Galveston Subsidence District, City of Houston, Fort Bend Subsidence District, Lone Star Groundwater Conservation District, and Brazoria County Groundwater Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Kasmarek, M.C., Johnson, M., and Ramage, J.K., 2014, Water-level altitudes 2014 and water-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers and compaction 1973-2013 in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, Houston-Galveston region, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3308, Report: vii, 20 p.; 16 Sheets: 17.92 x 22.92 inches or smaller; 4 Tables; Appendix; Datasets; ReadMe, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3308.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 20 p.; 16 Sheets: 17.92 x 22.92 inches or smaller; 4 Tables; Appendix; Datasets; ReadMe","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1973-01-01","temporalEnd":"2014-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-054317","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295085,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3308.jpg"},{"id":295084,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3308/downloads/Datasets%20and%20README%20file/README.txt"},{"id":295080,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3308/pdf/sim3308.pdf"},{"id":295082,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3308/downloads/Appendixes"},{"id":295083,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3308/downloads/Datasets%20and%20README%20file/"},{"id":294954,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3308/"},{"id":295079,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3308/downloads/Sheets/"},{"id":295081,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3308/downloads/Excel%20tables/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Houston-Galveston region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.3505859375,\n 29.554345125748267\n ],\n [\n -94.52636718749999,\n 30.031055426540206\n ],\n [\n -94.7021484375,\n 30.29701788337205\n ],\n [\n -94.976806640625,\n 30.675715404167743\n ],\n [\n -95.07568359375,\n 30.829139422013956\n ],\n [\n -95.25970458984374,\n 30.954057859276126\n ],\n [\n -95.614013671875,\n 30.95876857077987\n ],\n [\n -96.064453125,\n 30.798474179567823\n ],\n [\n -96.2841796875,\n 30.64027517241868\n ],\n [\n -96.3446044921875,\n 30.462879341709886\n ],\n [\n -96.2237548828125,\n 30.073847754270204\n ],\n [\n -96.03149414062499,\n 29.410890376109\n ],\n [\n -95.82275390625,\n 29.080175989623203\n ],\n [\n -95.6304931640625,\n 28.9072060763367\n ],\n [\n -95.3558349609375,\n 28.8831596093235\n ],\n [\n -94.7515869140625,\n 29.291189838184863\n ],\n [\n -94.3505859375,\n 29.554345125748267\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54364406e4b0a4f4b46a31cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kasmarek, Mark C. 0000-0003-2808-2506 mckasmar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2808-2506","contributorId":1968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kasmarek","given":"Mark","email":"mckasmar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Michaela R. 0000-0001-6133-0247 mrjohns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6133-0247","contributorId":1013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michaela R.","email":"mrjohns@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ramage, Jason K. 0000-0001-8014-2874 jkramage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8014-2874","contributorId":3856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramage","given":"Jason","email":"jkramage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70148379,"text":"70148379 - 2014 - Sampling and monitoring for the mine life cycle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-06T11:45:44","indexId":"70148379","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"Sampling and monitoring for the mine life cycle","docAbstract":"Sampling and Monitoring for the Mine Life Cycle provides an overview of sampling for environmental purposes and monitoring of environmentally relevant variables at mining sites. It focuses on environmental sampling and monitoring of surface water, and also considers groundwater, process water streams, rock, soil, and other media including air and biological organisms. The handbook includes an appendix of technical summaries written by subject-matter experts that describe field measurements, collection methods, and analytical techniques and procedures relevant to environmental sampling and monitoring.
The sixth of a series of handbooks on technologies for management of metal mine and metallurgical process drainage, this handbook supplements and enhances current literature and provides an awareness of the critical components and complexities involved in environmental sampling and monitoring at the mine site. It differs from most information sources by providing an approach to address all types of mining influenced water and other sampling media throughout the mine life cycle.
Sampling and Monitoring for the Mine Life Cycle is organized into a main text and six appendices that are an integral part of the handbook. Sidebars and illustrations are included to provide additional detail about important concepts, to present examples and brief case studies, and to suggest resources for further information. Extensive references are included.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration","publisherLocation":"Englewood, CO","isbn":"978-0873353557","usgsCitation":"McLemore, V.T., Smith, K.S., and Russell, C.C., 2014, Sampling and monitoring for the mine life cycle, 191 p.","productDescription":"191 p.","ipdsId":"IP-028363","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342331,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593bb3aae4b0764e6c60e7f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLemore, Virginia T.","contributorId":113338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLemore","given":"Virginia","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Kathleen S. 0000-0001-8547-9804 ksmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8547-9804","contributorId":182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kathleen","email":"ksmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Russell, Carol C.","contributorId":140998,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Russell","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70128637,"text":"70128637 - 2014 - Sedimentary organic biomarkers suggest detrimental effects of PAHs on estuarine microbial biomass during the 20th century in San Francisco Bay, CA, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-10T15:37:31","indexId":"70128637","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-07T15:34:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentary organic biomarkers suggest detrimental effects of PAHs on estuarine microbial biomass during the 20th century in San Francisco Bay, CA, USA","docAbstract":"Hydrocarbon contaminants are ubiquitous in urban aquatic ecosystems, and the ability of some microbial strains to degrade certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is well established. However, detrimental effects of petroleum hydrocarbon contamination on nondegrader microbial populations and photosynthetic organisms have not often been considered. In the current study, fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) biomarkers in the sediment record were used to assess historical impacts of petroleum contamination on microbial and/or algal biomass in South San Francisco Bay, CA, USA. Profiles of saturated, branched, and monounsaturated fatty acids had similar concentrations and patterns downcore. Total PAHs in a sediment core were on average greater than 20× higher above ∼200 cm than below, which corresponds roughly to the year 1900. Isomer ratios were consistent with a predominant petroleum combustion source for PAHs. Several individual PAHs exceeded sediment quality screening values. Negative correlations between petroleum contaminants and microbial and algal biomarkers – along with high trans/cis ratios of unsaturated FA, and principle component analysis of the PAH and fatty acid records – suggest a negative impacts of petroleum contamination, appearing early in the 20th century, on microbial and/or algal ecology at the site.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.08.053","usgsCitation":"Nilsen, E.B., Rosenbauer, R.J., Fuller, C.C., and Jaffe, B.E., 2014, Sedimentary organic biomarkers suggest detrimental effects of PAHs on estuarine microbial biomass during the 20th century in San Francisco Bay, CA, USA: Chemosphere, v. 119, p. 961-970, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.08.053.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"961","endPage":"970","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-050809","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295237,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295234,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.08.053"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","volume":"119","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5438f522e4b0c47db4296c13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nilsen, Elena B. 0000-0002-0104-6321 enilsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0104-6321","contributorId":923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nilsen","given":"Elena","email":"enilsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenbauer, Robert J. brosenbauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbauer","given":"Robert","email":"brosenbauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, Christopher C. 0000-0002-2354-8074 ccfuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2354-8074","contributorId":1831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Christopher","email":"ccfuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce E. 0000-0002-8816-5920 bjaffe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-5920","contributorId":2049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","email":"bjaffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70121353,"text":"ofr20141176 - 2014 - Potential effects of existing and proposed groundwater withdrawals on water levels and natural groundwater discharge in Snake Valley, Juab and Millard Counties, Utah, White Pine County, Nevada, and surrounding areas in Utah and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-07T15:10:00","indexId":"ofr20141176","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-07T15:05:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1176","title":"Potential effects of existing and proposed groundwater withdrawals on water levels and natural groundwater discharge in Snake Valley, Juab and Millard Counties, Utah, White Pine County, Nevada, and surrounding areas in Utah and Nevada","docAbstract":"Applications have been filed for several water-right changes and new water rights, with total withdrawals of about 1,800 acre-feet per year, in Snake Valley near Eskdale and Partoun, Utah. The Bureau of Land Management has identified 11 sites where the Bureau of Land Management holds water rights and 7 other springs of interest that could be affected by these proposed groundwater withdrawals. This report presents a hydrogeologic analysis of areas within Snake Valley to assess the potential effects on Bureau of Land Management water rights and other springs of interest resulting from existing and proposed groundwater withdrawals. A previously developed numerical groundwater-flow model was used to quantify potential groundwater drawdown and the capture, or groundwater withdrawals that results in depletion, of natural discharge resulting from existing and proposed groundwater withdrawals within Snake Valley. Existing groundwater withdrawals were simulated for a 50-year period prior to adding the newly proposed withdrawals to bring the model from pre-development conditions to the start of 2014. After this initial 50-year period, existing withdrawals, additional proposed withdrawals, and consequent effects were simulated for periods of 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years.
\nDownward trends in water levels measured in wells indicate that the existing groundwater withdrawals in Snake Valley are affecting water levels. The numerical model simulated similar downward trends in water levels. The largest simulated drawdowns caused by existing groundwater withdrawals ranged between 10 and 26 feet and were near the centers of the agricultural areas by Callao, Eskdale, Baker, Garrison, and along the Utah-Nevada state line in southern Snake Valley. The largest simulated water-level declines were at the Bureau of Land Management water-rights sites near Eskdale, Utah, where simulated drawdowns ranged between 2 and 8 feet at the start of 2014. These results were consistent with, but lower than, observations from several wells monitored by the U.S. Geological Survey that indicated water-level declines of 6 to 18 feet near the Eskdale area since the mid-1970s and 1980s. The model cells where the simulated capture of natural groundwater discharge resulting from the existing withdrawals was greatest were those containing Kane Spring, Caine Spring, and Unnamed Spring 5, where existing groundwater withdrawals capture 13 to 29 percent of the total simulated natural discharge in these cells.
\nSimulated drawdown and simulated capture of natural groundwater discharge resulting from the proposed withdrawals started in as few as 5 years at seven of the sites. After 100 years, four sites showed simulated drawdowns ranging between 1 and 2 feet; eight sites showed simulated drawdowns ranging between 0.1 and 0.9 feet; and five sites showed no simulated drawdown resulting from the proposed withdrawals. The largest amounts of simulated capture of natural groundwater discharge resulting from the proposed withdrawals after 100 years were in the model cells containing Coyote Spring, Kane Spring, and Caine Spring, which had capture amounts ranging between 5.5 and 9.1 percent of the total simulated natural discharge in these cells.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141176","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Masbruch, M.D., and Gardner, P.M., 2014, Potential effects of existing and proposed groundwater withdrawals on water levels and natural groundwater discharge in Snake Valley, Juab and Millard Counties, Utah, White Pine County, Nevada, and surrounding areas in Utah and Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1176, Report: vi, 24 p.; Appendix Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141176.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 24 p.; Appendix Tables","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-055285","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295072,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1176/pdf/ofr2014-1176.pdf"},{"id":295073,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1176/downloads/ofr2014-1176_appendixes.xlsx"},{"id":295074,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141176.jpg"},{"id":295071,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1176/"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Nevada, Utah","county":"Juab County, Millard County, White Pine County","otherGeospatial":"Snake Valley","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5434f289e4b0a4f4b46a2364","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masbruch, Melissa D. 0000-0001-6568-160X mmasbruch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6568-160X","contributorId":1902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masbruch","given":"Melissa","email":"mmasbruch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, Philip M. 0000-0003-3005-3587 pgardner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3005-3587","contributorId":962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"Philip","email":"pgardner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70124024,"text":"ofr20141197 - 2014 - An evaluation of remote sensing technologies for the detection of residual contamination at ready-for-anticipated use sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-07T12:55:39","indexId":"ofr20141197","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-07T12:46:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1197","title":"An evaluation of remote sensing technologies for the detection of residual contamination at ready-for-anticipated use sites","docAbstract":"Operational problems with site access and information, XRF instrument operation, and imagery collections hampered the effective data collection and analysis process. Of the 24 sites imaged and analyzed, 17 appeared to be relatively clean with no discernible metal contamination, hydrocarbons, or asbestos in the soil. None of the samples for the sites in Louisiana had any result exceeding the appropriate industrial or residential standard for arsenic or lead. One site in South Carolina (North Street Dump) had two samples that exceeded the residential standard for lead. One site in Texas (Cadiz Street), and four sites in Florida (210 North 12th Street, Encore Retail Site, Clearwater Auto, and 22nd Street Mixed Use) were found to have some level of residual metal contamination above the applicable residential or commercial Risk-Based Concentration (RBC) standard. Three of the Florida sites showing metal contamination also showed a pattern of vegetation stress based on standard vegetation analysis techniques.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141197","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Slonecker, E., and Fisher, G.B., 2014, An evaluation of remote sensing technologies for the detection of residual contamination at ready-for-anticipated use sites: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1197, v, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141197.","productDescription":"v, 25 p.","numberOfPages":"31","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-057068","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295017,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141197.jpg"},{"id":295015,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1197/"},{"id":295016,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1197/pdf/of2014-1197.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida, Louisiana, South Carolina, Texas","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5434f285e4b0a4f4b46a2358","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slonecker, E. Terrence","contributorId":20677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slonecker","given":"E. Terrence","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, Gary B. gfisher@usgs.gov","contributorId":3034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Gary","email":"gfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":500566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70126192,"text":"sir20145161 - 2014 - Potential postwildfire debris-flow hazards: a prewildfire evaluation for the Sandia and Manzano Mountains and surrounding areas, central New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-07T12:41:49","indexId":"sir20145161","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-07T12:34:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5161","title":"Potential postwildfire debris-flow hazards: a prewildfire evaluation for the Sandia and Manzano Mountains and surrounding areas, central New Mexico","docAbstract":"Wildfire can drastically increase the probability of debris flows, a potentially hazardous and destructive form of mass wasting, in landscapes that have otherwise been stable throughout recent history. Although there is no way to know the exact location, extent, and severity of wildfire, or the subsequent rainfall intensity and duration before it happens, probabilities of fire and debris-flow occurrence for different locations can be estimated with geospatial analysis and modeling efforts. The purpose of this report is to provide information on which watersheds might constitute the most serious, potential, debris-flow hazards in the event of a large-scale wildfire and subsequent rainfall in the Sandia and Manzano Mountains. Potential probabilities and estimated volumes of postwildfire debris flows in the unburned Sandia and Manzano Mountains and surrounding areas were estimated using empirical debris-flow models developed by the U.S. Geological Survey in combination with fire behavior and burn probability models developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service.
\nThe locations of the greatest debris-flow hazards correlate with the areas of steepest slopes and simulated crown-fire behavior. The four subbasins with the highest computed debris-flow probabilities (greater than 98 percent) were all in the Manzano Mountains, two flowing east and two flowing west. Volumes in sixteen subbasins were greater than 50,000 square meters and most of these were in the central Manzanos and the western facing slopes of the Sandias.
\nFive subbasins on the west-facing slopes of the Sandia Mountains, four of which have downstream reaches that lead into the outskirts of the City of Albuquerque, are among subbasins in the 98th percentile of integrated relative debris-flow hazard rankings. The bulk of the remaining subbasins in the 98th percentile of integrated relative debris-flow hazard rankings are located along the highest and steepest slopes of the Manzano Mountains. One of the subbasins is several miles upstream from the community of Tajique and another is several miles upstream from the community of Manzano, both on the eastern slopes of the Manzano Mountains.
\nThis prewildfire assessment approach is valuable to resource managers because the analysis of the debris-flow threat is made before a wildfire occurs, which facilitates prewildfire management, planning, and mitigation. In northern New Mexico, widespread watershed restoration efforts are being carried out to safeguard vital watersheds against the threat of catastrophic wildfire. This study was initiated to help select ideal locations for the restoration efforts that could have the best return on investment.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145161","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bernalillo County Natural Resources Services","usgsCitation":"Tillery, A.C., Haas, J., Miller, L.W., Scott, J.H., and Thompson, M.P., 2014, Potential postwildfire debris-flow hazards: a prewildfire evaluation for the Sandia and Manzano Mountains and surrounding areas, central New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5161, Report: v, 24 p.; Downloads Directory; Readme, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145161.","productDescription":"Report: v, 24 p.; Downloads Directory; Readme","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056106","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295009,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5161/pdf/sir2014-5161.pdf"},{"id":295010,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5161/downloads/"},{"id":295011,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5161/downloads/README.TXT"},{"id":295007,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5161/"},{"id":295012,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145161.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Manzano Mountains, Sandia Mountains","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5434f28ae4b0a4f4b46a2366","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tillery, Anne C. 0000-0002-9508-7908 atillery@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9508-7908","contributorId":2549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillery","given":"Anne","email":"atillery@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haas, Jessica R.","contributorId":10735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haas","given":"Jessica R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Lara W.","contributorId":104833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Lara","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scott, Joe H.","contributorId":28913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Joe","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thompson, Matthew P.","contributorId":9190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70093880,"text":"70093880 - 2014 - Potassium-argon (argon-argon), structural fabrics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-09T08:59:33","indexId":"70093880","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-07T11:14:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Potassium-argon (argon-argon), structural fabrics","docAbstract":"Definition: 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of structural fabrics: The application of 40Ar/39Ar methods to date development of structural fabrics in geologic samples.
\nIntroduction: \nStructural fabrics develop during rock deformation at variable pressures (P), temperatures (T), fluid compositions (X), and time (t). Structural fabrics are represented in rocks by features such as foliations and shear zones developed at the mm to km scale. In ideal cases, the P-T-X history of a given structural fabric can be constrained using stable isotope, cation exchange, and/or mineral equilibria thermobarometry (Essene 1989). The timing of structural fabric development can be assessed qualitatively using geologic field observations or quantitatively using isotope-based geochronology. High-precision geochronology of the thermal and fluid flow histories associated with structural fabric development can answer fundamental geologic questions including (1) when hydrothermal fluids transported and deposited ore minerals, ...
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of scientific dating methods","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-94-007-6326-5_124-1","usgsCitation":"Cosca, M.A., 2014, Potassium-argon (argon-argon), structural fabrics, chap. of Encyclopedia of scientific dating methods, p. 1-8, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6326-5_124-1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"8","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-052784","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294993,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294991,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6326-5_124-1"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5434f287e4b0a4f4b46a2362","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rink, W. Jack","contributorId":113377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rink","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jack","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509797,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Jereon","contributorId":112977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Jereon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509796,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Cosca, Michael A. 0000-0002-0600-7663 mcosca@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0600-7663","contributorId":1000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosca","given":"Michael","email":"mcosca@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70127378,"text":"70127378 - 2014 - Mountain pine beetle-caused mortality over eight years in two pine hosts in mixed conifer stands of the southern Rocky Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-07T10:35:10","indexId":"70127378","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-07T10:31:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mountain pine beetle-caused mortality over eight years in two pine hosts in mixed conifer stands of the southern Rocky Mountains","docAbstract":"Eruptive mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae, MPB) populations have caused widespread mortality of pines throughout western North America since the late 1990s. Early work by A.D. Hopkins suggested that when alternate host species are available, MPB will prefer to breed in the host to which it has become adapted. In Colorado, epidemic MPB populations that originated in lodgepole pine expanded into mixed-conifer stands containing ponderosa pine, a related host. We evaluated the susceptibility of both hosts to successful MPB colonization in a survey of 19 sites in pine-dominated mixed-conifer stands spanning 140 km of the Front Range, CO, USA. In each of three 0.2-ha plots at each site, we (1) assessed trees in the annual flights of 2008–2011 to compare MPB-caused mortality between lodgepole and ponderosa pine; (2) recorded previous MPB-caused tree mortality from 2004–2007 to establish baseline mortality levels; and (3) measured characteristics of the stands (e.g. tree basal area) and sites (e.g. elevation, aspect) that might be correlated with MPB colonization. Uninfested average live basal area of lodgepole and ponderosa pine was 74% of total basal area before 2004. We found that for both species, annual percent basal area of attacked trees was greatest in one year (2009), and was lower in all other years (2004–2007, 2008, 2010, and 2011). Both pine species had similar average total mortality of 38–39% by 2011. Significant predictors of ponderosa pine mortality in a given year were basal area of uninfested ponderosa pine and the previous year’s mortality levels in both ponderosa and lodgepole pine. Lodgepole pine mortality was predicted by uninfested basal areas of both lodgepole and ponderosa pine, and the previous year’s lodgepole pine mortality. These results indicate host selection by MPB from lodgepole pine natal hosts into ponderosa pine the following year, but not the reverse. In both species, diameters of attacked trees within each year were similar, and were progressively smaller the last four years of the study period. Our results suggest that, in contrast to previous reports, ponderosa and lodgepole pine were equally susceptible to MPB infestation in the CO Front Range during our study period. This suggests that forest managers may anticipate similar impacts in both hosts during similar environmental conditions when epidemic-level MPB populations are active in mixed-pine stands.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2014.09.012","usgsCitation":"West, D., Briggs, J.S., Jacobi, W., and Negron, J.F., 2014, Mountain pine beetle-caused mortality over eight years in two pine hosts in mixed conifer stands of the southern Rocky Mountains: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 334, no. 15, p. 321-330, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2014.09.012.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"321","endPage":"330","ipdsId":"IP-057980","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294986,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294985,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2014.09.012"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Front Range","volume":"334","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5434f286e4b0a4f4b46a2360","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"West, Daniel R.","contributorId":36875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"West","given":"Daniel R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Briggs, Jennifer S.","contributorId":106035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jacobi, William R.","contributorId":8016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobi","given":"William R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Negron, Jose F.","contributorId":10734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Negron","given":"Jose","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70100139,"text":"70100139 - 2014 - Comparing species distribution models constructed with different subsets of environmental predictors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-12T15:00:28","indexId":"70100139","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-07T09:33:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1399,"text":"Diversity and Distributions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparing species distribution models constructed with different subsets of environmental predictors","docAbstract":"Aim
\nTo assess the usefulness of combining climate predictors with additional types of environmental predictors in species distribution models for range-restricted species, using common correlative species distribution modelling approaches.
\n\n
Location
\nFlorida, USA
\n\n
Methods
\nWe used five different algorithms to create distribution models for 14 vertebrate species, using seven different predictor sets: two with bioclimate predictors only, and five ‘combination’ models using bioclimate predictors plus ‘additional’ predictors from groups representing: human influence, land cover, extreme weather or noise (spatially random data).We use a linear mixed-model approach to analyse the effects of predictor set and algorithm on model accuracy, variable importance scores and spatial predictions.
\n\n
Results
\nRegardless of modelling algorithm, no one predictor set produced significantly more accurate models than all others, though models including human influence predictors were the only ones with significantly higher accuracy than climate-only models. Climate predictors had consistently higher variable importance scores than additional predictors in combination models, though there was variation related to predictor type and algorithm. While spatial predictions varied moderately between predictor sets, discrepancies were significantly greater between modelling algorithms than between predictor sets. Furthermore, there were no differences in the level of agreement between binary ‘presence–absence’ maps and independent species range maps related to the predictor set used.
\n\n
Main conclusions
\nOur results indicate that additional predictors have relatively minor effects on the accuracy of climate-based species distribution models and minor to moderate effects on spatial predictions. We suggest that implementing species distribution models with only climate predictors may provide an effective and efficient approach for initial assessments of environmental suitability.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Diversity and Distributions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ddi.12247","usgsCitation":"Bucklin, D., Basille, M., Benscoter, A.M., Brandt, L., Mazzotti, F., Romañach, S., Speroterra, C., and Watling, J.I., 2014, Comparing species distribution models constructed with different subsets of environmental predictors: Diversity and Distributions, v. 21, no. 1, p. 23-35, https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12247.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"35","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051786","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294979,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294978,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12247"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","volume":"21","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5434f285e4b0a4f4b46a235a","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/ddi.12247","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12247","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Bucklin David N., Basille Mathieu, Benscoter Allison M., Brandt Laura A., Mazzotti Frank J., Romañach Stephanie S., Speroterra Carolina, Watling James I.","journalName":"Diversity and Distributions","publicationDate":"8/21/2014","auditedOn":"11/1/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bucklin, David N.","contributorId":58963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bucklin","given":"David N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Basille, Mathieu","contributorId":33246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Basille","given":"Mathieu","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Benscoter, Allison M.","contributorId":57781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benscoter","given":"Allison","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brandt, Laura A.","contributorId":23089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"Laura A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mazzotti, Frank J.","contributorId":90236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazzotti","given":"Frank J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Romañach, Stephanie S. 0000-0003-0271-7825 sromanach@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-7825","contributorId":2331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romañach","given":"Stephanie S.","email":"sromanach@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":492115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Speroterra, Carolina","contributorId":34451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speroterra","given":"Carolina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Watling, James I.","contributorId":10352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watling","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70119019,"text":"sir20145148 - 2014 - Documentation of a groundwater flow model (SJRRPGW) for the San Joaquin River Restoration Program study area, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-08T13:30:42","indexId":"sir20145148","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-07T08:44:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5148","title":"Documentation of a groundwater flow model (SJRRPGW) for the San Joaquin River Restoration Program study area, California","docAbstract":"To better understand the potential effects of restoration flows on existing drainage problems, anticipated as a result of the San Joaquin River Restoration Program (SJRRP), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation), developed a groundwater flow model (SJRRPGW) of the SJRRP study area that is within 5 miles of the San Joaquin River and adjacent bypass system from Friant Dam to the Merced River. The primary goal of the SJRRP is to reestablish the natural ecology of the river to a degree that restores salmon and other fish populations. Increased flows in the river, particularly during the spring salmon run, are a key component of the restoration effort. A potential consequence of these increased river flows is the exacerbation of existing irrigation drainage problems along a section of the river between Mendota and the confluence with the Merced River. Historically, this reach typically was underlain by a water table within 10 feet of the land surface, thus requiring careful irrigation management and (or) artificial drainage to maintain crop health. The SJRRPGW is designed to meet the short-term needs of the SJRRP; future versions of the model may incorporate potential enhancements, several of which are identified in this report.
\nThe SJRRPGW was constructed using the USGS groundwater flow model MODFLOW and was built on the framework of the USGS Central Valley Hydrologic Model (CVHM) within which the SJRRPGW model domain is embedded. The Farm Process (FMP2) was used to simulate the supply and demand components of irrigated agriculture. The Streamflow-Routing Package (SFR2) was used to simulate the streams and bypasses and their interaction with the aquifer system. The 1,300-square mile study area was subdivided into 0.25-mile by 0.25-mile cells. The sediment texture of the aquifer system, which was used to distribute hydraulic properties by model cell, was refined from that used in the CVHM to better represent the natural heterogeneity of aquifer-system materials within the model domain. In addition, the stream properties were updated from the CVHM to better simulate stream-aquifer interactions, and water-budget subregions were refined to better simulate agricultural water supply and demand. External boundary conditions were derived from the CVHM.
\nThe SJRRPGW was calibrated for April 1961 to September 2003 by using groundwater-level observations from 133 wells and streamflow observations from 19 streamgages. The model was calibrated using public-domain parameter estimation software (PEST) in a semi-automated manner. The simulated groundwater-level elevations and trends (including seasonal fluctuations) and surface-water flow magnitudes and trends reasonably matched observed data. The calibrated model is planned to be used to assess the potential effects of restoration flows on agricultural lands and the relative capabilities of proposed SJRRP actions to reduce these effects.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145148","collaboration":"In cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Traum, J.A., Phillips, S.P., Bennett, G.L., Zamora, C., and Metzger, L.F., 2014, Documentation of a groundwater flow model (SJRRPGW) for the San Joaquin River Restoration Program study area, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5148, Report: xii, 151 p.; 3 Interactive Animations, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145148.","productDescription":"Report: xii, 151 p.; 3 Interactive Animations","numberOfPages":"167","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-033499","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294968,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145148.jpg"},{"id":294965,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5148/pdf/sir2014-5148.pdf"},{"id":294967,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5148/downloads/sir2014-5148_D2GW.swf"},{"id":294966,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5148/downloads/sir2014-5148_StreamSeepage.swf"},{"id":294963,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5148/"},{"id":294964,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5148/downloads/sir2014-5148_GWE.swf"}],"datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5434f286e4b0a4f4b46a235c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Traum, Jonathan A. 0000-0002-4787-3680 jtraum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4787-3680","contributorId":4780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Traum","given":"Jonathan","email":"jtraum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Steven P. 0000-0002-5107-868X sphillip@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5107-868X","contributorId":1506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Steven","email":"sphillip@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bennett, George L. V 0000-0002-6239-1604 georbenn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-1604","contributorId":1373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"George","suffix":"V","email":"georbenn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zamora, Celia 0000-0003-1456-4360 czamora@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1456-4360","contributorId":1514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zamora","given":"Celia","email":"czamora@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Metzger, Loren F. 0000-0003-2454-2966 lmetzger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2454-2966","contributorId":1378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metzger","given":"Loren","email":"lmetzger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":497571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70173512,"text":"70173512 - 2014 - Post-mortem sporulation of Ceratomyxa shasta (Myxozoa) after death in adult Chinook salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-22T13:11:13","indexId":"70173512","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-07T05:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2414,"text":"Journal of Parasitology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Post-mortem sporulation of Ceratomyxa shasta (Myxozoa) after death in adult Chinook salmon","docAbstract":"Ceratomyxa shasta (Myxozoa) is a common gastrointestinal pathogen of salmonid fishes in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. We have been investigating this parasite in adult Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Willamette River, Oregon. In prior work, we observed differences in the pattern of development of C. shasta in adult salmon compared to juvenile salmon. Adult salmon consistently had large numbers of prespore stages in many of the fish that survived to spawn in the fall. However, myxospores were rarely observed, even though they were exposed and presumably infected for months before spawning. We evaluated the ability of C. shasta to sporulate following fish death because it is reported that myxosores are common in carcasses of Chinook salmon. We collected the intestine from 30 adult salmon immediately after artificial spawning and death (T0). A total of 23 fish were infected with C. shasta based on histology, but only a few myxospores were observed in 1 fish by histology. Intestines of these fish were examined at T0 and T7 (latter held at 17 C for 7 days) using quantified wet mount preparations. An increase in myxospore concentrations was seen in 39% of these fish, ranging between a 1.5- to a 14.5-fold increase. The most heavily infected fish exhibited a 4.6-fold increase from 27,841 to 129,352 myxospores/cm. This indicates, supported by various statistical analyses, that under certain conditions presporogonic forms are viable and continue to sporulate after death in adult salmon. Considering the life cycle of C. shasta and anadromous salmon, the parasite may have evolved 2, non-mutually exclusive developmental strategies. In young fish (parr and smolts), the parasite sporulates shortly after infection and is released into freshwater from either live or dead fish before their migration to seawater, where the alternate host is absent. The second strategy occurs in adult salmon, particularly spring Chinook salmon, which become infected upon their return to freshwater in the spring or early summer. For several months throughout the summer, only prespore stages are observed in most fish, even at the time of spawning. But once the fish dies, environmental conditions experienced by C. shasta change and viable presporogonic stages are induced to sporulate. As the post-spawned fish occur in the upper reaches of rivers, the myxospores would be released in a freshwater environment that would provide a reasonable opportunity for them to encounter their freshwater polychaete hosts, which reside downstream.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Parasitologists","doi":"10.1645/13-490.1","usgsCitation":"Kent, M., Soderlund, K., Thomann, E., Schreck, C.B., and Sharpton, T., 2014, Post-mortem sporulation of Ceratomyxa shasta (Myxozoa) after death in adult Chinook salmon: Journal of Parasitology, v. 100, no. 5, p. 679-683, https://doi.org/10.1645/13-490.1.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"679","endPage":"683","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056298","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324223,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"100","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576bb6b9e4b07657d1a22930","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kent, Michael L.","contributorId":108420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"Michael L.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":640340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soderlund, K.","contributorId":80883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderlund","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomann, E.","contributorId":32801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomann","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schreck, Carl B. 0000-0001-8347-1139 carl.schreck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8347-1139","contributorId":878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreck","given":"Carl","email":"carl.schreck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sharpton, T.J.","contributorId":172324,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sharpton","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":640343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70159647,"text":"70159647 - 2014 - Methane hydrates in nature - Current knowledge and challenges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-16T12:31:13","indexId":"70159647","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-07T05:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2209,"text":"Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methane hydrates in nature - Current knowledge and challenges","docAbstract":"Recognizing the importance of methane hydrate research and the need for a coordinated effort, the United States Congress enacted the Methane Hydrate Research and Development Act of 2000. At the same time, the Ministry of International Trade and Industry in Japan launched a research program to develop plans for a methane hydrate exploratory drilling project in the Nankai Trough. India, China, the Republic of Korea, and other nations also have established large methane hydrate research and development programs. Government-funded scientific research drilling expeditions and production test studies have provided a wealth of information on the occurrence of methane hydrates in nature. Numerous studies have shown that the amount of gas stored as methane hydrates in the world may exceed the volume of known organic carbon sources. However, methane hydrates represent both a scientific and technical challenge, and much remains to be learned about their characteristics and occurrence in nature. Methane hydrate research in recent years has mostly focused on: (1) documenting the geologic parameters that control the occurrence and stability of methane hydrates in nature, (2) assessing the volume of natural gas stored within various methane hydrate accumulations, (3) analyzing the production response and characteristics of methane hydrates, (4) identifying and predicting natural and induced environmental and climate impacts of natural methane hydrates, (5) analyzing the methane hydrate role as a geohazard, (6) establishing the means to detect and characterize methane hydrate accumulations using geologic and geophysical data, and (7) establishing the thermodynamic phase equilibrium properties of methane hydrates as a function of temperature, pressure, and gas composition. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the Consortium for Ocean Leadership (COL) combined their efforts in 2012 to assess the contributions that scientific drilling has made and could continue to make to advance our understanding of methane hydrates in nature. COL assembled a Methane Hydrate Project Science Team with members from academia, industry, and government. This Science Team worked with COL and DOE to develop and host the Methane Hydrate Community Workshop, which surveyed a substantial cross section of the methane hydrate research community for input on the most important research developments in our understanding of methane hydrates in nature and their potential role as an energy resource, a geohazard, and/or as an agent of global climate change. Our understanding of how methane hydrates occur in nature is still growing and evolving, and it is known with certainty that field, laboratory, and modeling studies have contributed greatly to our understanding of hydrates in nature and will continue to be a critical source of the information needed to advance our understanding of methane hydrates.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","publisherLocation":"Columbus, OH","doi":"10.1021/je500604h","usgsCitation":"Collett, T.S., 2014, Methane hydrates in nature - Current knowledge and challenges: Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, v. 60, no. 2, p. 319-329, https://doi.org/10.1021/je500604h.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"329","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057920","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311365,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564b0c4ee4b0ebfbef0d3165","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70116792,"text":"sir20145136 - 2014 - Simulation of groundwater flow and the interaction of groundwater and surface water in the Willamette Basin and Central Willamette subbasin, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-22T13:42:06","indexId":"sir20145136","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-06T16:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5136","title":"Simulation of groundwater flow and the interaction of groundwater and surface water in the Willamette Basin and Central Willamette subbasin, Oregon","docAbstract":"Full appropriation of tributary streamflow during summer, a growing population, and agricultural needs are increasing the demand for groundwater in the Willamette Basin. Greater groundwater use could diminish streamflow and create seasonal and long-term declines in groundwater levels. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Oregon Water Resources Department (OWRD) cooperated in a study to develop a conceptual and quantitative understanding of the groundwater-flow system of the Willamette Basin with an emphasis on the Central Willamette subbasin. This final report from the cooperative study describes numerical models of the regional and local groundwater-flow systems and evaluates the effects of pumping on groundwater and surface‑water resources. The models described in this report can be used to evaluate spatial and temporal effects of pumping on groundwater, base flow, and stream capture.
\nThe regional model covers about 6,700 square miles of the 12,000-square mile Willamette and Sandy River drainage basins in northwestern Oregon—referred to as the Willamette Basin in this report. The Willamette Basin is a topographic and structural trough that lies between the Coast Range and the Cascade Range and is divided into five sedimentary subbasins underlain and separated by basalts of the Columbia River Basalt Group (Columbia River basalt) that crop out as local uplands. From north to south, these five subbasins are the Portland subbasin, the Tualatin subbasin, the Central Willamette subbasin, the Stayton subbasin, and the Southern Willamette subbasin. Recharge in the Willamette Basin is primarily from precipitation in the uplands of the Cascade Range, Coast Range, and western Cascades areas. Groundwater moves downward and laterally through sedimentary or basalt units until it discharges locally to wells, evapotranspiration, or streams. Mean annual groundwater withdrawal for water years 1995 and 1996 was about 400 cubic feet per second; irrigation withdrawals accounted for about 80 percent of that total. The upper 180 feet of productive aquifers in the Central Willamette and Southern Willamette subbasins produced about 70 percent of the total pumped volume.
\nIn this study, the USGS constructed a three-dimensional numerical finite-difference groundwater-flow model of the Willamette Basin representing the six hydrogeologic units, defined in previous investigations, as six model layers. From youngest to oldest, and [generally] uppermost to lowermost they are the: upper sedimentary unit, Willamette silt unit, middle sedimentary unit, lower sedimentary unit, Columbia River basalt unit, and basement confining unit. The high Cascade unit is not included in the groundwater-flow model because it is not present within the model boundaries. Geographic boundaries are simulated as no-flow (no water flowing in or out of the model), except where the Columbia River is simulated as a constant hydraulic head boundary. Streams are designated as head-dependent-flux boundaries, in which the flux depends on the elevation of the stream surface. Groundwater recharge from precipitation was estimated using the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS), a watershed model that accounts for evapotranspiration from the unsaturated zone. Evapotranspiration from the saturated zone was not considered an important component of groundwater discharge. Well pumping was simulated as specified flux and included public supply, irrigation, and industrial pumping. Hydraulic conductivity values were estimated from previous studies through aquifer slug and permeameter tests, specific capacity data, core analysis, and modeling. Upper, middle and lower sedimentary unit horizontal hydraulic conductivity values were differentiated between the Portland subbasin and the Tualatin, Central Willamette, and Southern Willamette subbasins based on preliminary model results.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145136","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Oregon Water Resources Department","usgsCitation":"Herrera, N.B., Burns, E., and Conlon, T.D., 2014, Simulation of groundwater flow and the interaction of groundwater and surface water in the Willamette Basin and Central Willamette subbasin, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5136, xvii, 152 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145136.","productDescription":"xvii, 152 p.","numberOfPages":"170","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-022627","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294957,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145136.jpg"},{"id":294956,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5136/pdf/sir20145136.pdf"},{"id":294951,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5136/"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 10N","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Willamette Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5433a105e4b095098ca855a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herrera, Nora B. 0000-0002-7744-5206","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7744-5206","contributorId":37666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herrera","given":"Nora","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burns, Erick R. 0000-0002-1747-0506","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1747-0506","contributorId":100303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Erick R.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conlon, Terrence D. 0000-0002-5899-7187 tdconlon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5899-7187","contributorId":819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conlon","given":"Terrence","email":"tdconlon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70215053,"text":"70215053 - 2014 - Seasonal weather patterns drive population vital rates and persistence in a stream fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-06T20:08:06.894274","indexId":"70215053","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-06T15:02:22","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal weather patterns drive population vital rates and persistence in a stream fish","docAbstract":"Climate change affects seasonal weather patterns, but little is known about the relative importance of seasonal weather patterns on animal population vital rates. Even when such information exists, data are typically only available from intensive fieldwork (e.g., mark–recapture studies) at a limited spatial extent. Here, we investigated effects of seasonal air temperature and precipitation (fall, winter, and spring) on survival and recruitment of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) at a broad spatial scale using a novel stage‐structured population model. The data were a 15‐year record of brook trout abundance from 72 sites distributed across a 170‐km‐long mountain range in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, USA. Population vital rates responded differently to weather and site‐specific conditions. Specifically, young‐of‐year survival was most strongly affected by spring temperature, adult survival by elevation and per‐capita recruitment by winter precipitation. Low fall precipitation and high winter precipitation, the latter of which is predicted to increase under climate change for the study region, had the strongest negative effects on trout populations. Simulations show that trout abundance could be greatly reduced under constant high winter precipitation, consistent with the expected effects of gravel‐scouring flows on eggs and newly hatched individuals. However, high‐elevation sites would be less vulnerable to local extinction because they supported higher adult survival. Furthermore, the majority of brook trout populations are projected to persist if high winter precipitation occurs only intermittently (≤3 of 5 years) due to density‐dependent recruitment. Variable drivers of vital rates should be commonly found in animal populations characterized by ontogenetic changes in habitat, and such stage‐structured effects may increase population persistence to changing climate by not affecting all life stages simultaneously. Yet, our results also demonstrate that weather patterns during seemingly less consequential seasons (e.g., winter precipitation) can have major impacts on animal population dynamics.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","doi":"10.1111/gcb.12837","usgsCitation":"Kanno, Y., Letcher, B., Hitt, N.P., Boughton, D.A., Wofford, J.E., and Zipkin, E., 2014, Seasonal weather patterns drive population vital rates and persistence in a stream fish: Global Change Biology, v. 21, no. 5, p. 1856-1870, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12837.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1856","endPage":"1870","ipdsId":"IP-060225","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472700,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12837","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":379108,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Shenandoah National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.9200439453125,\n 37.26530995561875\n ],\n [\n -79.310302734375,\n 37.54022177661216\n ],\n [\n -78.519287109375,\n 38.1777509666256\n ],\n [\n -78.1402587890625,\n 38.724090458956965\n ],\n [\n -78.2061767578125,\n 38.997841307500714\n ],\n [\n -78.387451171875,\n 39.0533181067413\n ],\n [\n -78.59069824218749,\n 38.7283759182398\n ],\n [\n -78.81591796875,\n 38.37611542403604\n ],\n [\n -79.6783447265625,\n 37.70120736474139\n ],\n [\n -79.969482421875,\n 37.45741810262938\n ],\n [\n -79.9200439453125,\n 37.26530995561875\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kanno, Yoichiro ykanno@usgs.gov","contributorId":4876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kanno","given":"Yoichiro","email":"ykanno@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":800653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Letcher, Benjamin 0000-0003-0191-5678 bletcher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":242669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"Benjamin","email":"bletcher@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":800652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hitt, Nathaniel P. 0000-0002-1046-4568 nhitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1046-4568","contributorId":4435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hitt","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nhitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":800654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boughton, David A.","contributorId":172477,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boughton","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":800655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wofford, John E. B.","contributorId":38951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wofford","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":800656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zipkin, Elise ezipkin@usgs.gov","contributorId":470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zipkin","given":"Elise","email":"ezipkin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":800657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70128127,"text":"70128127 - 2014 - A cross-validation package driving Netica with python","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-03T16:17:23","indexId":"70128127","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-03T16:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1551,"text":"Environmental Modelling and Software","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A cross-validation package driving Netica with python","docAbstract":"Bayesian networks (BNs) are powerful tools for probabilistically simulating natural systems and emulating process models. Cross validation is a technique to avoid overfitting resulting from overly complex BNs. Overfitting reduces predictive skill. Cross-validation for BNs is known but rarely implemented due partly to a lack of software tools designed to work with available BN packages. CVNetica is open-source, written in Python, and extends the Netica software package to perform cross-validation and read, rebuild, and learn BNs from data. Insights gained from cross-validation and implications on prediction versus description are illustrated with: a data-driven oceanographic application; and a model-emulation application. These examples show that overfitting occurs when BNs become more complex than allowed by supporting data and overfitting incurs computational costs as well as causing a reduction in prediction skill. CVNetica evaluates overfitting using several complexity metrics (we used level of discretization) and its impact on performance metrics (we used skill).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Modelling and Software","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.09.007","usgsCitation":"Fienen, M., and Plant, N.G., 2014, A cross-validation package driving Netica with python: Environmental Modelling and Software, v. 63, p. 14-23, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.09.007.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"14","endPage":"23","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-058198","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294937,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.09.007"},{"id":294950,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542fac86e4b092f17df61cc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fienen, Michael N. 0000-0002-7756-4651 mnfienen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7756-4651","contributorId":893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fienen","given":"Michael N.","email":"mnfienen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":502769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plant, Nathaniel G. 0000-0002-5703-5672 nplant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5703-5672","contributorId":3503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nplant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70118238,"text":"pp1798K - 2014 - The effects of Missouri River mainstem reservoir system operations on 2011 flooding using a Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System model","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70118238,"text":"pp1798K - 2014 - The effects of Missouri River mainstem reservoir system operations on 2011 flooding using a Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System model","indexId":"pp1798K","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"chapter":"K","title":"The effects of Missouri River mainstem reservoir system operations on 2011 flooding using a Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System model"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70047427,"text":"pp1798 - 2013 - 2011 floods of the central United States","indexId":"pp1798","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"title":"2011 floods of the central United States"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70047427,"text":"pp1798 - 2013 - 2011 floods of the central United States","indexId":"pp1798","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"title":"2011 floods of the central United States"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-18T13:29:00.816756","indexId":"pp1798K","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-03T14:32:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1798","chapter":"K","title":"The effects of Missouri River mainstem reservoir system operations on 2011 flooding using a Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System model","docAbstract":"In 2011 the Missouri River Mainstem Reservoir System (Reservoir System) experienced the largest volume of flood waters since the initiation of record-keeping in the nineteenth century. The high levels of runoff from both snowpack and rainfall stressed the Reservoir System’s capacity to control flood waters and caused massive damage and disruption along the river. The flooding and resulting damage along the Missouri River brought increased public attention to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) operation of the Reservoir System.
To help understand the effects of Reservoir System operation on the 2011 Missouri River flood flows, the U.S. Geological Survey Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System was used to construct a model of the Missouri River Basin to simulate flows at streamgages and dam locations with the effects of Reservoir System operation (regulation) on flow removed. Statistical tests indicate that the Missouri River Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System model is a good fit for high-flow monthly and annual stream flow estimation. A comparison of simulated unregulated flows and measured regulated flows show that regulation greatly reduced spring peak flow events, consolidated two summer peak flow events to one with a markedly decreased magnitude, and maintained higher than normal base flow beyond the end of water year 2011. Further comparison of results indicate that without regulation, flows greater than those measured would have occurred and been sustained for much longer, frequently in excess of 30 days, and flooding associated with high-flow events would have been more severe.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"2011 Floods of the Central United States","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1798K","usgsCitation":"Haj, A.E., Christiansen, D.E., and Viger, R., 2014, The effects of Missouri River mainstem reservoir system operations on 2011 flooding using a Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System model: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1798, v, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1798K.","productDescription":"v, 33 p.","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-044498","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294928,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1798k/"},{"id":294929,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1798k/pdf/pp1798k.pdf"},{"id":294930,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp1798k.jpg"}],"scale":"3000000","projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska,North Dakota, South Dakota. Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.791015625,\n 39.16414104768742\n ],\n [\n -93.1640625,\n 40.3130432088809\n ],\n [\n -96.7236328125,\n 44.87144275016589\n ],\n [\n -98.4375,\n 47.487513008956554\n ],\n [\n -102.65625,\n 48.545705491847464\n ],\n [\n -107.490234375,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -115.7080078125,\n 48.951366470947725\n ],\n [\n -113.02734374999999,\n 46.830133640447386\n ],\n [\n -113.64257812499999,\n 45.55252525134013\n ],\n [\n -112.939453125,\n 44.276671273775186\n ],\n [\n -111.26953125,\n 44.715513732021336\n ],\n [\n -109.4677734375,\n 43.644025847699496\n ],\n [\n -107.8857421875,\n 42.52069952914966\n ],\n [\n -106.3916015625,\n 41.343824581185686\n ],\n [\n -105.77636718749999,\n 40.111688665595956\n ],\n [\n -105.5126953125,\n 38.8225909761771\n ],\n [\n -90.791015625,\n 39.16414104768742\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542fac8ae4b092f17df61cd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haj, Adel E. Jr. ahaj@usgs.gov","contributorId":4812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haj","given":"Adel","suffix":"Jr.","email":"ahaj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":496485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christiansen, Daniel E. 0000-0001-6108-2247 dechrist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6108-2247","contributorId":366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"Daniel","email":"dechrist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Viger, Roland J. 0000-0003-2520-714X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2520-714X","contributorId":18294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Viger","given":"Roland J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}