{"pageNumber":"134","pageRowStart":"3325","pageSize":"25","recordCount":11370,"records":[{"id":70239100,"text":"70239100 - 2009 - Interpreting the tectonic evolution of Pacific Rim margins using plate kinematics and slab window volcanism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-27T13:45:56.724417","indexId":"70239100","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-27T07:43:05","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interpreting the tectonic evolution of Pacific Rim margins using plate kinematics and slab window volcanism","docAbstract":"

The possibility that slab windows might form in the wake of ridge subduction was first conceptualized in the late 1970s as earth scientists explored the implications of plate tectonic theory in three dimensions. Acceptance of slab-window occurrence, however, has been a long time coming (McCrory and Wilson, this issue). With records of both current and past slab-window transients now firmly established through detailed studies of volcanism and tectonism tied to kinematic plate reconstructions, we are able to exploit these spatially and temporally restricted events as paleogeographic markers. Slab-window research encompasses and integrates a broad range of disciplines including earthquake seismology, plate kinematics, volcanic geochemistry, lithospheric dynamics, seismic tomography, and structural geology. In this special issue we use this powerful new tool to constrain and interpret the Cenozoic evolution of Pacific Rim subduction margins from Alaska, to Patagonia, to Antarctica, to Tonga.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2008.10.017","usgsCitation":"McCrory, P.A., and Wilson, D.S., 2009, Interpreting the tectonic evolution of Pacific Rim margins using plate kinematics and slab window volcanism: Tectonophysics, v. 464, no. 1-4, p. 1-2, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2008.10.017.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"2","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":411061,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"464","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCrory, Patricia A. 0000-0003-2471-0018 pmccrory@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2471-0018","contributorId":2728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCrory","given":"Patricia","email":"pmccrory@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":860056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Douglas S.","contributorId":68782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":860057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98067,"text":"ofr20091291 - 2009 - Enumeration of Pacific walrus carcasses on beaches of the Chukchi Sea in Alaska following a mortality event, September 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-13T12:23:13","indexId":"ofr20091291","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1291","title":"Enumeration of Pacific walrus carcasses on beaches of the Chukchi Sea in Alaska following a mortality event, September 2009","docAbstract":"On September 14, 2009, we encountered substantial numbers of fresh walrus carcasses on the Alaskan shores of the Chukchi Sea near Icy Cape. We enumerated 131 carcasses using geo-referenced strip transect photography and visual counts of solitary carcasses. All appeared to be young animals based on review of aerial photographs and reference to 12 carcasses that we examined on the ground. The events that led to the death of these animals are unknown, but appear to be related to the loss of sea ice over the Chukchi Sea continental shelf. In years prior to this event, other investigators have linked walrus deaths at other Chukchi Sea coastal haulouts to trampling, exhaustion from prolonged exposure to open sea conditions, and separation of calves from their mothers.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091291","usgsCitation":"Fischbach, A., Monson, D., and Jay, C., 2009, Enumeration of Pacific walrus carcasses on beaches of the Chukchi Sea in Alaska following a mortality event, September 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1291, Report: iv, 11 p.; Supplemental Materials, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091291.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 11 p.; Supplemental Materials","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2009-09-01","temporalEnd":"2009-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125785,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1291.jpg"},{"id":13301,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1291/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -168,37.5 ], [ -168,72 ], [ -156,72 ], [ -156,37.5 ], [ -168,37.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db60266c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fischbach, Anthony S. 0000-0002-6555-865X afischbach@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6555-865X","contributorId":200780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischbach","given":"Anthony S.","email":"afischbach@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Monson, Daniel H. 0000-0002-4593-5673 dmonson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-5673","contributorId":140480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monson","given":"Daniel H.","email":"dmonson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":304053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jay, C.V. 0000-0002-9559-2189","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9559-2189","contributorId":67827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jay","given":"C.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70259132,"text":"70259132 - 2009 - eMODIS Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-27T21:23:00.86317","indexId":"70259132","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-01T16:17:17","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"eMODIS Alaska","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

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H.A., Lee, G.K., and Bailey, E.A., 2009, Europium-rich dark monazite - a potential new ore mineral for Alaska, USA?: EXPLORE: Newsletter for the Association of Applied Geochemists, v. 145, no. December 2009, p. 1-10.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360802,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"145","issue":"December 2009","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tripp, Richard B.","contributorId":25997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tripp","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benzel, William 0000-0002-4085-1876 wbenzel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4085-1876","contributorId":3594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benzel","given":"William","email":"wbenzel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, David T. 0000-0003-2679-2344","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2679-2344","contributorId":25531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":754933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lowers, Heather A. 0000-0001-5360-9264 hlowers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-9264","contributorId":191307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowers","given":"Heather","email":"hlowers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lee, Gregory K. glee@usgs.gov","contributorId":1220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Gregory","email":"glee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bailey, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":104005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70168802,"text":"70168802 - 2009 - Projected changes in atmospheric heating due to changes in fire disturbance and the snow season in the western Arctic, 2003–2100","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-04T13:38:58","indexId":"70168802","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-01T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2320,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Projected changes in atmospheric heating due to changes in fire disturbance and the snow season in the western Arctic, 2003–2100","docAbstract":"

In high latitudes, changes in climate impact fire regimes and snow cover duration, altering the surface albedo and the heating of the regional atmosphere. In the western Arctic, under four scenarios of future climate change and future fire regimes (2003–2100), we examined changes in surface albedo and the related changes in regional atmospheric heating due to: (1) vegetation changes following a changing fire regime, and (2) changes in snow cover duration. We used a spatially explicit dynamic vegetation model (Alaskan Frame-based Ecosystem Code) to simulate changes in successional dynamics associated with fire under the future climate scenarios, and the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model to simulate changes in snow cover. Changes in summer heating due to the changes in the forest stand age distributions under future fire regimes showed a slight cooling effect due to increases in summer albedo (mean across climates of −0.9 W m−2 decade−1). Over this same time period, decreases in snow cover (mean reduction in the snow season of 4.5 d decade−1) caused a reduction in albedo, and a heating effect (mean across climates of 4.3 W m−2 decade−1). Adding both the summer negative change in atmospheric heating due to changes in fire regimes to the positive changes in atmospheric heating due to changes in the length of the snow season resulted in a 3.4 W m−2 decade−1 increase in atmospheric heating. These findings highlight the importance of gaining a better understanding of the influences of changes in surface albedo on atmospheric heating due to both changes in the fire regime and changes in snow cover duration.

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G4, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JG001095.","productDescription":"15 p.","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-018978","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476041,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009jg001095","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":318564,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -169.1015625,\n 72.91963546581484\n ],\n [\n -167.783203125,\n 51.23440735163459\n ],\n [\n -112.1484375,\n 58.21702494960191\n ],\n [\n -119.88281249999999,\n 70.61261423801925\n ],\n [\n -169.1015625,\n 72.91963546581484\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"114","issue":"G4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56dabff0e4b015c306f84cee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Euskirchen, E.S.","contributorId":44737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euskirchen","given":"E.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGuire, A. 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III","contributorId":16776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapin","given":"F.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Walsh, J.E.","contributorId":98521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":97967,"text":"ofr20091208 - 2009 - Changes in Species, Areal Cover, and Production of Moss across a Fire Chronosequence in Interior Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:48","indexId":"ofr20091208","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1208","title":"Changes in Species, Areal Cover, and Production of Moss across a Fire Chronosequence in Interior Alaska","docAbstract":"In an effort to characterize the species and production rates of various upland mosses and their relationship to both site drainage and time since fire, annual net primary production of six common moss species was measured. Several stands located near Delta Junction, interior Alaska, were located. These stands ranged from one to 116 years since fire in well-drained (dry) and moderately to somewhat poorly drained (wet) black spruce (Picea mariana)-feathermoss systems. Moss species composition varied greatly during the fire cycle, with Ceratodon purpureus dominating the earliest years after a fire, Aulacomnium palustre dominating the transitional and older stages, and Hylocomium splendens dominating the oldest, mature sites. Polytrichum spp. was found at all sites. Average moss cover ranged from <10 percent in the youngest sites to almost 90 percent in the mature sites. Species from the genus Polytrichum were the most productive and contributed up to 30 g m2 of organic matter in one growing season. Least productive was Rhytidium rugosum, which contributed about 1.5 g m2 of organic matter in mature stands. Recovery of moss productivity after fire was not significantly different for wet and dry sites.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091208","usgsCitation":"Harden, J., Munster, J., Manies, K., Mack, M., and Bubier, J., 2009, Changes in Species, Areal Cover, and Production of Moss across a Fire Chronosequence in Interior Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1208, Report: v, 22 p.; Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091208.","productDescription":"Report: v, 22 p.; Data Files","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125500,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1208.jpg"},{"id":13145,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1208/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -146,63.75 ], [ -146,64.08333333333333 ], [ -144.83333333333334,64.08333333333333 ], [ -144.83333333333334,63.75 ], [ -146,63.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6dd8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Munster, J.","contributorId":14071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munster","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Manies, K.L.","contributorId":23228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manies","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mack, M.C.","contributorId":87238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mack","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bubier, J. L.","contributorId":91197,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bubier","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":97970,"text":"ofr20091237 - 2009 - Application of the multi-dimensional surface water modeling system at Bridge 339, Copper River Highway, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-23T10:31:28","indexId":"ofr20091237","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1237","title":"Application of the multi-dimensional surface water modeling system at Bridge 339, Copper River Highway, Alaska","docAbstract":"

The Copper River Basin, the sixth largest watershed in Alaska, drains an area of 24,200 square miles. This large, glacier-fed river flows across a wide alluvial fan before it enters the Gulf of Alaska. Bridges along the Copper River Highway, which traverses the alluvial fan, have been impacted by channel migration. Due to a major channel change in 2001, Bridge 339 at Mile 36 of the highway has undergone excessive scour, resulting in damage to its abutments and approaches. During the snow- and ice-melt runoff season, which typically extends from mid-May to September, the design discharge for the bridge often is exceeded. The approach channel shifts continuously, and during our study it has shifted back and forth from the left bank to a course along the right bank nearly parallel to the road.

Maintenance at Bridge 339 has been costly and will continue to be so if no action is taken. Possible solutions to the scour and erosion problem include (1) constructing a guide bank to redirect flow, (2) dredging approximately 1,000 feet of channel above the bridge to align flow perpendicular to the bridge, and (3) extending the bridge. The USGS Multi-Dimensional Surface Water Modeling System (MD_SWMS) was used to assess these possible solutions. The major limitation of modeling these scenarios was the inability to predict ongoing channel migration. We used a hybrid dataset of surveyed and synthetic bathymetry in the approach channel, which provided the best approximation of this dynamic system. Under existing conditions and at the highest measured discharge and stage of 32,500 ft3/s and 51.08 ft, respectively, the velocities and shear stresses simulated by MD_SWMS indicate scour and erosion will continue. Construction of a 250-foot-long guide bank would not improve conditions because it is not long enough. Dredging a channel upstream of Bridge 339 would help align the flow perpendicular to Bridge 339, but because of the mobility of the channel bed, the dredged channel would likely fill in during high flows. Extending Bridge 339 would accommodate higher discharges and re-align flow to the bridge.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091237","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities","usgsCitation":"Brabets, T.P., and Conaway, J.S., 2009, Application of the multi-dimensional surface water modeling system at Bridge 339, Copper River Highway, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1237, iv, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091237.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125511,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1237.jpg"},{"id":353646,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1237/pdf/ofr20091237.pdf","text":"Report","size":"12 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":13148,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1237/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -145.25,61 ], [ -145.25,60.75 ], [ -144.25,60.75 ], [ -144.25,61 ], [ -145.25,61 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a99f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brabets, Timothy P. tbrabets@usgs.gov","contributorId":2087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabets","given":"Timothy","email":"tbrabets@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conaway, Jeffrey S. 0000-0002-3036-592X jconaway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3036-592X","contributorId":2026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conaway","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jconaway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97969,"text":"ofr20091239 - 2009 - Geochemical data for samples collected in 2008 near the concealed pebble porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit, Southwest Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":97969,"text":"ofr20091239 - 2009 - Geochemical data for samples collected in 2008 near the concealed pebble porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit, Southwest Alaska","indexId":"ofr20091239","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Geochemical data for samples collected in 2008 near the concealed pebble porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit, Southwest Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70004631,"text":"ds608 - 2011 - Geophysical, geochemical, and mineralogical data from the Pebble Cu-Au-Mo porphyry deposit area, southwest Alaska: Contributions to assessment techniques for concealed mineral resources","indexId":"ds608","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"title":"Geophysical, geochemical, and mineralogical data from the Pebble Cu-Au-Mo porphyry deposit area, southwest Alaska: Contributions to assessment techniques for concealed mineral resources"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70004631,"text":"ds608 - 2011 - Geophysical, geochemical, and mineralogical data from the Pebble Cu-Au-Mo porphyry deposit area, southwest Alaska: Contributions to assessment techniques for concealed mineral resources","indexId":"ds608","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"title":"Geophysical, geochemical, and mineralogical data from the Pebble Cu-Au-Mo porphyry deposit area, southwest Alaska: Contributions to assessment techniques for concealed mineral resources"},"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-16T06:36:40","indexId":"ofr20091239","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1239","title":"Geochemical data for samples collected in 2008 near the concealed pebble porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit, Southwest Alaska","docAbstract":"In the summer of 2007, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began an exploration geochemical research study over the Pebble porphyry copper-gold-molybdenum deposit. This report presents the analytical data collected in 2008. The Pebble deposit is world class in size, and is almost entirely concealed by tundra, glacial deposits, and post-Cretaceous volcanic rocks. The Pebble deposit was chosen for this study because it is concealed by surficial cover rocks, is relatively undisturbed (except for exploration company drill holes), is a large mineral system, and is fairly well-constrained at depth by the drill hole geology and geochemistry. The goals of this study are to 1) determine whether the concealed deposit can be detected with surface samples, 2) better understand the processes of metal migration from the deposit to the surface, and 3) test and develop methods for assessing mineral resources in similar concealed terrains. The analytical data are presented as an integrated Microsoft Access 2003 database and as separate Excel files.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091239","usgsCitation":"Fey, D.L., Granitto, M., Giles, S.A., Smith, S.M., Eppinger, R.G., and Kelley, K., 2009, Geochemical data for samples collected in 2008 near the concealed pebble porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit, Southwest Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1239, Report: xi, 107 p.; 1 Plate: 36 x 36 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091239.","productDescription":"Report: xi, 107 p.; 1 Plate: 36 x 36 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":177,"text":"Central Region Mineral Resources Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126862,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1239.jpg"},{"id":13147,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1239/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -157,59 ], [ -157,62 ], [ -148,62 ], [ -148,59 ], [ -157,59 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae9d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fey, David L. dfey@usgs.gov","contributorId":713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fey","given":"David","email":"dfey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Granitto, Matthew 0000-0003-3445-4863 granitto@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3445-4863","contributorId":1224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granitto","given":"Matthew","email":"granitto@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Giles, Stuart A. 0000-0002-8696-5078 sgiles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8696-5078","contributorId":1233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giles","given":"Stuart","email":"sgiles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Steven M. 0000-0003-3591-5377 smsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3591-5377","contributorId":1460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Steven","email":"smsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eppinger, Robert G. eppinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eppinger","given":"Robert","email":"eppinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kelley, Karen D. 0000-0002-3232-5809","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3232-5809","contributorId":57817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"Karen D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":97962,"text":"ofr20091129 - 2009 - Aeromagnetic and Aeroradiometric Data for the Conterminous United States and Alaska from the National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) Program of the U.S. Department of Energy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:30","indexId":"ofr20091129","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1129","title":"Aeromagnetic and Aeroradiometric Data for the Conterminous United States and Alaska from the National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) Program of the U.S. Department of Energy","docAbstract":"The National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) program was initiated in 1973 with a primary goal of identifying uranium resources in the United States. The airborne program's main purpose was to collect radiometric data of the conterminous United States and Alaska. Magnetic data were also collected. After the program ended, most of the data were given to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). \r\n\r\nAll areas were flown at about 400 feet above ground, the optimum height for collecting radiometric data, and the line spacing varied from 3 to 6 mile intervals. A few selected quadrangles or parts of quadrangles were flown at 1- or 2-mile line spacing. About forty smaller areas were targeted and flown at 0.25-mile to 1 mile line spacing.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091129","usgsCitation":"Hill, P.L., Kucks, R.P., and Ravat, D., 2009, Aeromagnetic and Aeroradiometric Data for the Conterminous United States and Alaska from the National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) Program of the U.S. Department of Energy: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1129, Available online only, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091129.","productDescription":"Available online only","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1129.jpg"},{"id":13139,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1129/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db697207","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, Patricia L. pathill@usgs.gov","contributorId":1327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Patricia","email":"pathill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kucks, Robert P.","contributorId":11648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kucks","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ravat, Dhananjay","contributorId":15893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ravat","given":"Dhananjay","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70237851,"text":"70237851 - 2009 - The November 15, 2006 Kuril Islands-generated tsunami in Crescent City, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-27T12:16:11.095598","indexId":"70237851","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-27T07:09:10","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The November 15, 2006 Kuril Islands-generated tsunami in Crescent City, California","docAbstract":"

On November 15, 2006, Crescent City in Del Norte County, California was hit by a tsunami generated by a M w 8.3 earthquake in the central Kuril Islands. Strong currents that persisted over an eight-hour period damaged floating docks and several boats and caused an estimated $9.2 million in losses. Initial tsunami alert bulletins issued by the West Coast Alaska Tsunami Warning Center (WCATWC) in Palmer, Alaska were cancelled about three and a half hours after the earthquake, nearly five hours before the first surges reached Crescent City. The largest amplitude wave, 1.76-meter peak to trough, was the sixth cycle and arrived over two hours after the first wave. Strong currents estimated at over 10 knots, damaged or destroyed three docks and caused cracks in most of the remaining docks. As a result of the November 15 event, WCATWC changed the definition of Advisory from a region-wide alert bulletin meaning that a potential tsunami is 6 hours or further away to a localized alert that tsunami water heights may approach warning- level thresholds in specific, vulnerable locations like Crescent City. On January 13, 2007 a similar Kuril event occurred and hourly conferences between the warning center and regional weather forecasts were held with a considerable improvement in the flow of information to local coastal jurisdictions. The event highlighted the vulnerability of harbors from a relatively modest tsunami and underscored the need to improve public education regarding the duration of the tsunami hazards, improve dialog between tsunami warning centers and local jurisdictions, and better understand the currents produced by tsunamis in harbors.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00024-008-0429-2","usgsCitation":"Dengler, L., Uslu, B., Barberopoulou, A., Yim, S., and Kelly, A., 2009, The November 15, 2006 Kuril Islands-generated tsunami in Crescent City, California: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 166, p. 37-53, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-008-0429-2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"53","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":408786,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Crescent City","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.99373978515479,\n 42.05271417399095\n ],\n [\n -124.99373978515479,\n 41.478862412813584\n ],\n [\n -123.9056212752312,\n 41.478862412813584\n ],\n [\n -123.9056212752312,\n 42.05271417399095\n ],\n [\n -124.99373978515479,\n 42.05271417399095\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"166","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-02-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dengler, Lori","contributorId":197374,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dengler","given":"Lori","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":855901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Uslu, B.","contributorId":298571,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Uslu","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":855902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barberopoulou, A.","contributorId":45507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barberopoulou","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":855903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yim, S. C.","contributorId":298572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yim","given":"S. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":855904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kelly, A.","contributorId":86975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":855905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":97942,"text":"ofr20091108 - 2009 - Preliminary geologic map of the Cook Inlet region, Alaska-Including parts of the Talkeetna, Talkeetna Mountains, Tyonek, Anchorage, Lake Clark, Kenai, Seward, Iliamna, Seldovia, Mount Katmai, and Afognak 1:250,000-scale quadrangles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-21T16:51:52.227875","indexId":"ofr20091108","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1108","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Cook Inlet region, Alaska-Including parts of the Talkeetna, Talkeetna Mountains, Tyonek, Anchorage, Lake Clark, Kenai, Seward, Iliamna, Seldovia, Mount Katmai, and Afognak 1:250,000-scale quadrangles","docAbstract":"The growth in the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has highlighted the need for digital geologic maps that have been attributed with information about age and lithology. Such maps can be conveniently used to generate derivative maps for manifold special purposes such as mineral-resource assessment, metallogenic studies, tectonic studies, and environmental research. This report is part of a series of integrated geologic map databases that cover the entire United States.\r\n\r\nThree national-scale geologic maps that portray most or all of the United States already exist; for the conterminous U.S., King and Beikman (1974a,b) compiled a map at a scale of 1:2,500,000, Beikman (1980) compiled a map for Alaska at 1:2,500,000 scale, and for the entire U.S., Reed and others (2005a,b) compiled a map at a scale of 1:5,000,000. A digital version of the King and Beikman map was published by Schruben and others (1994). Reed and Bush (2004) produced a digital version of the Reed and others (2005a) map for the conterminous U.S. The present series of maps is intended to provide the next step in increased detail. State geologic maps that range in scale from 1:100,000 to 1:1,000,000 are available for most of the country, and digital versions of these state maps are the basis of this product.\r\n\r\nThe digital geologic maps presented here are in a standardized format as ARC/INFO export files and as ArcView shape files. The files named __geol contain geologic polygons and line (contact) attributes; files named __fold contain fold axes; files named __lin contain lineaments; and files named __dike contain dikes as lines. Data tables that relate the map units to detailed lithologic and age information accompany these GIS files. The map is delivered as a set 1:250,000-scale quadrangle files. To the best of our ability, these quadrangle files are edge-matched with respect to geology. When the maps are merged, the combined attribute tables can be used directly with the merged maps to make derivative maps.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091108","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Alaska Department of Natural Resources, Division of Oil and Gas","usgsCitation":"2009, Preliminary geologic map of the Cook Inlet region, Alaska-Including parts of the Talkeetna, Talkeetna Mountains, Tyonek, Anchorage, Lake Clark, Kenai, Seward, Iliamna, Seldovia, Mount Katmai, and Afognak 1:250,000-scale quadrangles (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1108, HTML Document, CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091108.","productDescription":"HTML Document, CD-ROM","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":494402,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_97669.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":118503,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1108.jpg"},{"id":13114,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1108/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Alaska Albers Equal Area","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155,58.5 ], [ -155,62.75 ], [ -148,62.75 ], [ -148,58.5 ], [ -155,58.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e6de","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Wilson, Frederic H. 0000-0003-1761-6437 fwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-6437","contributorId":67174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Frederic","email":"fwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697581,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hults, Chad P. chults@usgs.gov","contributorId":1930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hults","given":"Chad","email":"chults@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697582,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmoll, Henry R. schmoll@usgs.gov","contributorId":3793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmoll","given":"Henry","email":"schmoll@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":697583,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697584,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schmidt, Jeanine M. jschmidt@usgs.gov","contributorId":3138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Jeanine","email":"jschmidt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697585,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yehle, Lynn A. yehle@usgs.gov","contributorId":3794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yehle","given":"Lynn","email":"yehle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":697586,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":6},{"text":"Labay, Keith A. 0000-0002-6763-3190 klabay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6763-3190","contributorId":2097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labay","given":"Keith A.","email":"klabay@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":697587,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":7},{"text":"Shew, Nora B. 0000-0003-0025-7220 nshew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0025-7220","contributorId":3382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shew","given":"Nora","email":"nshew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697588,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":97915,"text":"ofr20091118 - 2009 - Chronology and references of volcanic eruptions and selected unrest in the United States, 1980-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-11T20:48:21.828029","indexId":"ofr20091118","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1118","title":"Chronology and references of volcanic eruptions and selected unrest in the United States, 1980-2008","docAbstract":"The United States ranks as one of the top countries in the world in the number of young, active volcanoes within its borders. The United States, including the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, is home to approximately 170 geologically active (age <10,000 years) volcanoes. As our review of the record shows, 30 of these volcanoes have erupted since 1980, many repeatedly. In addition to producing eruptions, many U.S. volcanoes exhibit periods of anomalous activity, unrest, that do not culminate in eruptions. \r\n\r\nMonitoring volcanic activity in the United States is the responsibility of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Volcano Hazards Program (VHP) and is accomplished with academic, Federal, and State partners. The VHP supports five Volcano Observatories - the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO), Cascades Volcano Observatory (CVO), Yellowstone Volcano Observatory (YVO), Long Valley Observatory (LVO), and Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO). With the exception of HVO, which was established in 1912, the U.S. Volcano Observatories have been established in the past 27 years in response to specific volcanic eruptions or sustained levels of unrest. As understanding of volcanic activity and hazards has grown over the years, so have the extent and types of monitoring networks and techniques available to detect early signs of anomalous volcanic behavior. This increased capability is providing us with a more accurate gauge of volcanic activity in the United States. \r\n\r\nThe purpose of this report is to (1) document the range of volcanic activity that U.S. Volcano Observatories have dealt with, beginning with the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, (2) describe some overall characteristics of the activity, and (3) serve as a quick reference to pertinent published literature on the eruptions and unrest documented in this report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091118","usgsCitation":"Diefenbach, A., Guffanti, M., and Ewert, J.W., 2009, Chronology and references of volcanic eruptions and selected unrest in the United States, 1980-2008 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1118, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091118.","productDescription":"85 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1980-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125528,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1118.jpg"},{"id":13087,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1118/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, United States","state":"Alaska, Washington","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dae4b07f02db5e041b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diefenbach, Angela K. 0000-0003-0214-7818","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0214-7818","contributorId":36650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diefenbach","given":"Angela K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guffanti, Marianne","contributorId":68257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guffanti","given":"Marianne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ewert, John W. 0000-0003-2819-4057 jwewert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2819-4057","contributorId":642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewert","given":"John","email":"jwewert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70003497,"text":"70003497 - 2009 - A case study of carbon fluxes from land change in the Southwest Brazilian Amazon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-05T17:41:20.934657","indexId":"70003497","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-08T14:46:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2367,"text":"Journal of Land Use Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A case study of carbon fluxes from land change in the Southwest Brazilian Amazon","docAbstract":"

Worldwide, land change is responsible for one-fifth of anthropogenic carbon emissions. In Brazil, three-quarters of carbon emissions originate from land change. This study represents a municipal-scale study of carbon fluxes from vegetation in Rio Branco, Brazil. Land-cover maps of pasture, forest, and secondary growth from 1993, 1996, 1999, and 2003 were produced using an unsupervised classification method (overall accuracy = 89%). Carbon fluxes from land change over the decade of imagery were estimated from transitions between land-cover categories for each time interval. This article presents new methods for estimating emissions reductions from carbon stored in the vegetation that replaces forests (e.g., pasture) and sequestration by new (>10–15 years) forests, which reduced gross emissions by 16, 15, and 22% for the period of 1993–1996, 1996–1999, and 1999–2003, respectively. The methods used in the analysis are broadly applicable and provide a comprehensive characterization of regional-scale carbon fluxes from land change.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/17474230903222481","usgsCitation":"Barrett, K., Rogan, J., and Eastman, J., 2009, A case study of carbon fluxes from land change in the Southwest Brazilian Amazon: Journal of Land Use Science, v. 4, no. 4, p. 233-248, https://doi.org/10.1080/17474230903222481.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"233","endPage":"248","costCenters":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476055,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17474230903222481","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":384095,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Brazil","otherGeospatial":"Southwest Brazilian Amazon Rainforest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -50.5810546875,\n -0.17578097424708533\n ],\n [\n -69.8291015625,\n -3.425691524418062\n ],\n [\n -72.861328125,\n -5.134714634014442\n ],\n [\n -73.95996093749999,\n -7.318881730366743\n ],\n [\n -73.212890625,\n -9.535748998133615\n ],\n [\n -72.0703125,\n -9.96885060854611\n ],\n [\n -70.57617187499999,\n -9.579084335882534\n ],\n [\n -70.48828125,\n -11.049038346537094\n ],\n [\n -68.37890625,\n -12.46876014482322\n ],\n [\n -69.12597656249999,\n -14.434680215297268\n ],\n [\n -60.55664062499999,\n -14.349547837185362\n ],\n [\n -55.37109374999999,\n -14.562317701914843\n ],\n [\n -49.833984375,\n -12.983147716796566\n ],\n [\n -44.736328125,\n -10.833305983642491\n ],\n [\n -41.1767578125,\n -8.49410453755187\n ],\n [\n -39.5068359375,\n -5.747174076651375\n ],\n [\n -39.287109375,\n -3.3818237353282767\n ],\n [\n -40.341796875,\n -2.6357885741666065\n ],\n [\n -43.41796875,\n -2.2406396093827206\n ],\n [\n -45.0439453125,\n -1.5818302639606454\n ],\n [\n -48.47167968749999,\n -0.21972602392080884\n ],\n [\n -50.5810546875,\n -0.17578097424708533\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b1117","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barrett, K.","contributorId":40318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrett","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rogan, J.","contributorId":80386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogan","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eastman, J.R.","contributorId":18876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eastman","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70158979,"text":"70158979 - 2009 - Quantifying the undiscovered geothermal resources of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-09T14:57:24","indexId":"70158979","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Quantifying the undiscovered geothermal resources of the United States","docAbstract":"

In 2008, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) released summary results of an assessment of the electric power production potential from the moderate- and high-temperature geothermal resources of the United States (Williams et al., 2008a; USGS Fact Sheet 2008-3082; http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3082). In the assessment, the estimated mean power production potential from undiscovered geothermal resources is 30,033 Megawatts-electric (MWe), more than three times the estimated mean potential from identified geothermal systems: 9057 MWe. The presence of significant undiscovered geothermal resources has major implications for future exploration and development activities by both the government and private industry. Previous reports summarize the results of techniques applied by the USGS and others to map the spatial distribution of undiscovered resources. This paper describes the approach applied in developing estimates of the magnitude of the undiscovered geothermal resource, as well as the manner in which that resource is likely to be distributed among geothermal systems of varying volume and temperature. A number of key issues constrain the overall estimate. One is the degree to which characteristics of the undiscovered resources correspond to those observed among identified geothermal systems. Another is the evaluation of exploration history, including both the spatial distribution of geothermal exploration activities relative to the postulated spatial distribution of undiscovered resources and the probability of successful discoveries from the application of standard geothermal exploration techniques. Also significant are the physical, chemical, and geological constraints on the formation and longevity of geothermal systems. Important observations from this study include the following. (1) Some of the largest identified geothermal systems, such as The Geysers vapor-dominated system in northern California and the diverse geothermal manifestations found in Yellowstone National Park, are unique in North America and highly unlikely to have counterparts with equivalent characteristics among the systems comprising the undiscovered resources. (2) Historical geothermal exploration has been limited in both the effectiveness of techniques employed and spatial coverage, since most exploration has targeted areas associated with surface thermal manifestations in the most easily accessible lands. (3) As noted by other investigators, in general, the hottest and largest geothermal systems are those with heat sources arising from recent magmatic activity. Consequently, a larger fraction of the undiscovered resource is associated with those areas favorable to the formation of this type of geothermal system, including some relatively remote areas, such as the Aleutian volcanic arc in Alaska.

","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geothermal Resources Council Transactions","conferenceTitle":"Geothermal Resources Council 2009 Annual Meeting","conferenceDate":"October 4-7, 2009","conferenceLocation":"Reno, Nevada","language":"English","publisher":"GRC Transactions","usgsCitation":"Williams, C.F., Reed, M.J., DeAngelo, J., and Galanis, S., 2009, Quantifying the undiscovered geothermal resources of the United States, in Geothermal Resources Council Transactions, v. 33, Reno, Nevada, October 4-7, 2009, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309805,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.763671875,\n 44.449467536006935\n ],\n [\n -110.9619140625,\n 44.62175409623324\n ],\n [\n -110.89599609375,\n 44.99588261816546\n ],\n [\n -109.599609375,\n 44.96479793033104\n ],\n [\n -111.005859375,\n 42.553080288955826\n ],\n [\n -111.33544921874999,\n 42.374778361114195\n ],\n [\n -111.33544921874999,\n 41.95131994679697\n ],\n [\n -111.81884765624999,\n 42.01665183556825\n ],\n [\n -111.7529296875,\n 39.16414104768742\n ],\n [\n -113.466796875,\n 37.56199695314352\n ],\n [\n -112.82958984375,\n 35.90684930677121\n ],\n [\n -115.86181640625001,\n 35.137879119634185\n ],\n [\n -117.26806640625,\n 35.15584570226544\n ],\n [\n -119.15771484375,\n 38.548165423046584\n ],\n [\n -119.99267578124999,\n 38.95940879245423\n ],\n [\n -120.03662109374999,\n 39.9434364619742\n ],\n [\n -121.39892578125,\n 41.409775832009565\n ],\n [\n -121.640625,\n 42.633958722673164\n ],\n [\n -121.92626953124999,\n 45.120052841530516\n ],\n [\n -121.6845703125,\n 45.69083283645816\n ],\n [\n -120.10253906249999,\n 45.78284835197676\n ],\n [\n -118.47656249999999,\n 44.134913443750726\n ],\n [\n -117.46582031249999,\n 44.2294565683017\n ],\n [\n -117.22412109375,\n 44.96479793033104\n ],\n [\n -111.24755859375,\n 44.98034238084973\n ],\n [\n -110.74218749999999,\n 44.99588261816546\n ],\n [\n -112.763671875,\n 44.449467536006935\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"33","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5618e533e4b0cdb063e3fee7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Colin F. 0000-0003-2196-5496 colin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-5496","contributorId":274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Colin","email":"colin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, Marshall J.","contributorId":9259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Marshall","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeAngelo, Jacob jdeangelo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelo","given":"Jacob","email":"jdeangelo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Galanis, S. Peter Jr.","contributorId":149161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Galanis","given":"S. Peter","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97884,"text":"sir20095202 - 2009 - Production of a national 1:1,000,000-scale hydrography dataset for the United States: feature selection, simplification, and refinement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T12:45:08","indexId":"sir20095202","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5202","title":"Production of a national 1:1,000,000-scale hydrography dataset for the United States: feature selection, simplification, and refinement","docAbstract":"

During 2006-09, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the National Atlas of the United States, produced a 1:1,000,000-scale (1:1M) hydrography dataset comprising streams and waterbodies for the entire United States, including Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, for inclusion in the recompiled National Atlas. This report documents the methods used to select, simplify, and refine features in the 1:100,000-scale (1:100K) (1:63,360-scale in Alaska) National Hydrography Dataset to create the national 1:1M hydrography dataset. Custom tools and semi-automated processes were created to facilitate generalization of the 1:100K National Hydrography Dataset (1:63,360-scale in Alaska) to 1:1M on the basis of existing small-scale hydrography datasets. The first step in creating the new 1:1M dataset was to address feature selection and optimal data density in the streams network. Several existing methods were evaluated. The production method that was established for selecting features for inclusion in the 1:1M dataset uses a combination of the existing attributes and network in the National Hydrography Dataset and several of the concepts from the methods evaluated. The process for creating the 1:1M waterbodies dataset required a similar approach to that used for the streams dataset. Geometric simplification of features was the next step. Stream reaches and waterbodies indicated in the feature selection process were exported as new feature classes and then simplified using a geographic information system tool. The final step was refinement of the 1:1M streams and waterbodies. Refinement was done through the use of additional geographic information system tools.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20095202","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Atlas of the United States of America","usgsCitation":"Gary, R.H., Wilson, Z.D., Archuleta, C., Thompson, F.E., and Vrabel, J., 2009, Production of a national 1:1,000,000-scale hydrography dataset for the United States: feature selection, simplification, and refinement: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5202, vi, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095202.","productDescription":"vi, 22 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125687,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5202.jpg"},{"id":13059,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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fethomps@usgs.gov","contributorId":3612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Florence","email":"fethomps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vrabel, Joseph 0000-0002-8773-0764 jvrabel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8773-0764","contributorId":1577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vrabel","given":"Joseph","email":"jvrabel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":97864,"text":"pp1762 - 2009 - Volcanic processes and geology of Augustine Volcano, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-14T20:19:07.770332","indexId":"pp1762","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1762","title":"Volcanic processes and geology of Augustine Volcano, Alaska","docAbstract":"

Augustine Island (volcano) in lower Cook Inlet, Alaska, has erupted repeatedly in late-Holocene and historical times. Eruptions typically beget high-energy volcanic processes. Most notable are bouldery debris avalanches containing immense angular clasts shed from summit domes. Coarse deposits of these avalanches form much of Augustine's lower flanks. A new geologic map at 1:25,000 scale depicts these deposits, these processes. We correlate deposits by tephra layers calibrated by many radiocarbon dates.Augustine Volcano began erupting on the flank of a small island of Jurassic clastic-sedimentary rock before the late Wisconsin glaciation (late Pleistocene). The oldest known effusions ranged from olivine basalt explosively propelled by steam, to highly explosive magmatic eruptions of dacite or rhyodacite shed as pumice flows. Late Wisconsin piedmont glaciers issuing from the mountainous western mainland surrounded the island while dacitic eruptive debris swept down the south volcano flank.Evidence is scant for eruptions between the late Wisconsin and about 2,200 yr B.P. On a few south-flank inliers, thick stratigraphically low pumiceous pyroclastic-flow and fall deposits probably represent this period from which we have no radiocarbon dates on Augustine Island. Eruptions between about 5,350 and 2,200 yr B.P. we know with certainty by distal tephras. On Shuyak Island 100 km southeast of Augustine, two distal fall ashes of Augustinian chemical provenance (microprobe analysis of glass) date respectively between about 5,330 and 5,020 yr B.P. and between about 3,620 and 3,360 yr B.P. An Augustine ash along Kamishak Creek 70 km southwest of Augustine dates between about 3,850 and 3,660 yr B.P. A probably Augustinian ash lying within peat near Homer dates to about 2,275 yr B.P.From before 2,200 yr B.P. to the present, Augustine eruptive products abundantly mantle the island. During this period, numerous coarse debris avalanches swept beyond Augustine's coast, most recently in A.D. 1883. The decapitated summit after the 1883 eruption, replaced by andesite domes of six eruptions since, shows a general process: collapse of steep summit domes, then the summit regrown by later dome eruptions. The island's stratigraphy is based on six or seven coarse-pumice tephra \"marker beds.\" In upward succession they are layers G (2,100 yr B.P.), I (1,700 yr B.P.), H (1,400 yr B.P.), C (1,200-1,000 yr B.P.), M (750 yr B.P.), and B (390 yr B.P.).A coarse, hummocky debris-avalanche deposit older than about 2,100 yr B.P.-or perhaps a stack of three of them-lies along the east coast, the oldest exposed such bouldery diamicts on Augustine Island. Two large debris avalanches swept east and southeast into the sea between about 2,100 and 1,800 yr B.P. A large debris avalanche shed east and east-northeast into the sea between 1,700 and 14,00 yr B.P.Between about 1,400 and 1,100 yr B.P. debris avalanches swept into the sea on the volcano's south, southwest, and north-northwest. Pumiceous pyroclastic fans spread to the southeast and southwest, lithic pyroclastic flows and lahars (?) to the south and southeast. Pyroclastic flows, pyroclastic surges, and lahars swept down the west and south flanks between about 1,000 and 750 yr B.P.A debris avalanche swept into the sea on the west, and a small one on the south-southeast, between about 750 and 400 yr B.P. Large lithic pyroclastic flows shed to the southeast; smaller ones descended existing swales on the southwest and south.Between about 400 yr B.P. and historical time (late 1770s), three debris avalanches swept into the sea on the west-northwest, north-northwest, and north flanks. One of them (West Island) was large and fast: most of it rode to sea far beyond a former sea cliff, and its surface includes geomorphic evidence of having initiating a tsunami. Augustine's only conspicuous lava flow erupted on the north flank.During this prehistoric period numerous domes grew at the volcano's summit, remnants of which form the east and south sides of the present summit-dome complex. Three domes grew below the summit area on the upper south and northwest flanks. In between large eruptions that deposited coarse pumiceous fall beds, many smaller eruptions emplaced beds of sand-sized ash on the volcano flanks.During the past 750 years, beach and back-beach eolian dunes accreted at the southwest coast, forming a ribbed coastwise topography. Lesser dunes grew at the backs of beaches in coves on other flanks.An eruption in 1883 shed a debris avalanche swiftly into the sea on the north-northeast, followed by pyroclastic flows and surges. Eruptions in 1935 and 1963-64 grew summit domes that spilled over the southwest and south flanks and shed coarse rubbly lithic pyroclastic flows down those flanks. Eruptions and 1976 and 1986 grew domes that draped down the north flank and shed voluminous pyroclastic flows to the northeast through north-northwest flanks, when smaller pyroclastic flows and (or) lahars swept down other flanks. A small dome-building eruption in January-March 2006 after this report was all but complete we treat only fleetingly. The largest debris avalanches sweep into the sea at Augustine's coast at speeds inferred between 60 and 80 m/s. Augustine is capable of initiating damaging tsunami to lower Cook Inlet, but geologic evidence for them on the mainland is sporadic and sparse.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1762","usgsCitation":"Waitt, R.B., and Beget, J.E., 2009, Volcanic processes and geology of Augustine Volcano, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1762, Report: viii, 79 p.; 2 Plates: 56.5 x 36 inches and 57 x 39 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1762.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 79 p.; 2 Plates: 56.5 x 36 inches and 57 x 39 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118582,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1762.jpg"},{"id":13039,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1762/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":398776,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87411.htm"}],"scale":"25000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Augustine Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -153.5833,\n 59.3167\n ],\n [\n -153.3333,\n 59.3167\n ],\n [\n -153.3333,\n 59.4222\n ],\n [\n -153.5833,\n 59.4222\n ],\n [\n -153.5833,\n 59.3167\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd9d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waitt, Richard B. 0000-0002-6392-5604 waitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6392-5604","contributorId":2343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waitt","given":"Richard","email":"waitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beget, James E.","contributorId":22757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beget","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97863,"text":"pp1760F - 2009 - Detrital zircon geochronology of Cretaceous and Paleogene strata across the south-central Alaskan convergent margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-03T16:20:33.535792","indexId":"pp1760F","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1760","chapter":"F","displayTitle":"Detrital Zircon Geochronology of Cretaceous and Paleogene Strata Across the South-Central Alaskan Convergent Margin","title":"Detrital zircon geochronology of Cretaceous and Paleogene strata across the south-central Alaskan convergent margin","docAbstract":"

Ages of detrital zircons are reported from ten samples of Lower Cretaceous to Paleogene metasandstones and sandstones from the Chugach Mountains, Talkeetna Mountains, and western Alaska Range of south-central Alaska. Zircon ages are also reported from three igneous clasts from two conglomerates. The results bear on the regional geology, stratigraphy, tectonics, and mineral resource potential of the southern Alaska convergent margin. Chugach Mountains - The first detrital zircon data are reported here from the two main components of the Chugach accretionary complex - the inboard McHugh Complex and the outboard Valdez Group. Detrital zircons from sandstone and two conglomerate clasts of diorite were dated from the McHugh Complex near Anchorage. This now stands as the youngest known part of the McHugh Complex, with an inferred Turonian (Late Cretaceous) depositional age no older than 91-93 Ma. The zircon population has probability density peaks at 93 and 104 Ma and a smattering of Early Cretaceous and Jurassic grains, with nothing older than 191 Ma. The two diorite clasts yielded Jurassic U-Pb zircon ages of 179 and 181 Ma. Together, these findings suggest a Mesozoic arc as primary zircon source, the closest and most likely candidate being the Wrangellia composite terrane. The detrital zircon sample from the Valdez Group contains zircons as young as 69 and 77 Ma, consistent with the previously assigned Maastrichtian to Campanian (Late Cretaceous) depositional age. The zircon population has peaks at 78, 91, 148, and 163 Ma, minor peaks at 129, 177, 330, and 352 Ma, and no concordant zircons older than Devonian. A granite clast from a Valdez Group conglomerate yielded a Triassic U-Pb zircon age of 221 Ma. Like the McHugh Complex, the Valdez Group appears to have been derived almost entirely from Mesozoic arc sources, but a few Precambrian zircons are also present. Talkeetna Mountains - Detrital zircons ages were obtained from southernmost metasedimentary rocks of the Talkeetna Mountains (schist of Hatcher Pass) and, immediately to the south, the northernmost sedimentary sequence of the Matanuska forearc basin (Arkose Ridge Formation). Detrital zircons from the Paleogene Arkose Ridge Formation are as young as 61 and 70 Ma; the population is dominated by a single Late Cretaceous peak at 76 Ma; the oldest zircon is 181 Ma. Sedimentological evidence clearly shows that the conglomeratic Arkose Ridge Formation was derived from the Talkeetna Mountains; our detrital zircon data support this inference. Zircons dated at ca. 90 Ma in the Arkose Ridge sample suggest that buried or unmapped plutons of this age may exist in the Talkeetnas. This is a particularly interesting age as it corresponds to the age of the supergiant Pebble gold-molybdenum-copper porphyry prospect near Iliamna and suggests a new area of prospectivity for Pebble-type deposits. The schist of Hatcher Pass, which was previously assigned a Jurassic depositional age, yielded surprisingly young Late Cretaceous detrital zircons, the youngest at 75 Ma. The probability density curve has four Cretaceous peaks from 76 to 102 Ma, a pair of Late Jurassic peaks at 155 and 166 Ma, three Early Jurassic to Late Triassic peaks at 186, 197, and 213 Ma, minor Carboniferous peaks at 303 and 346 Ma, and a minor Paleoproterozoic peak at 1828 Ma. The schist of Hatcher Pass was largely derived from Mesozoic arc sources, most likely the Wrangellia composite terrane, with some contribution from one or more older, inboard sources, probably including the Yukon-Tanana terrane. We postulate that the schist of Hatcher Pass represents metamorphosed rocks of the Valdez Group that were subducted and then exhumed along the Chugach terrane's 'backstop' during Paleogene transtension. Western Alaska Range - Six detrital zircon samples were collected from a little studied belt of turbidites in Tyonek quadrangle on strike with the Kahiltna assemblage of the central Alaska Range. 

","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2007 (Professional Paper 1760)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1760F","usgsCitation":"Bradley, D., Haeussler, P.J., O'Sullivan, P., Friedman, R., Till, A., Bradley, D., and Trop, J., 2009, Detrital zircon geochronology of Cretaceous and Paleogene strata across the south-central Alaskan convergent margin: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1760, iii, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1760F.","productDescription":"iii, 36 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422372,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87409.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13038,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1760/f/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":118618,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1760_f.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -158,\n 65\n ],\n [\n -158,\n 58\n ],\n [\n -135,\n 58\n ],\n [\n -135,\n 65\n ],\n [\n -158,\n 65\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667352","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Dwight","contributorId":32641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Dwight","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O'Sullivan, Paul","contributorId":84473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Sullivan","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Friedman, Rich","contributorId":98419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Rich","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Till, Alison","contributorId":102569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Till","given":"Alison","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bradley, Dan","contributorId":104185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Dan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Trop, Jeff","contributorId":104592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trop","given":"Jeff","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":97849,"text":"fs20093078 - 2009 - Unearthing Secrets of the Forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:08","indexId":"fs20093078","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3078","title":"Unearthing Secrets of the Forest","docAbstract":"Forests are a defining feature for large areas of the Pacific northwestern United States from northern California to Alaska. Coniferous temperate rainforests in the western Cascade and coastal mountain ranges are appreciated for their aesthetic value and abundant natural resources. Few people recognize the riches beneath the forest floor; yet, soil is a key ecosystem component that makes each type of forest unique. Soils harbor immense biological diversity and control the release of water and nutrients that support life above ground.\r\n\r\nUnderstanding how carbon and nutrients cycle in forests, known as forest biogeochemistry, is crucial for evaluating forest productivity, composition, diversity, and change. At the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, research in the Terrestrial Ecosystems Laboratory focuses on nutrient cycling in five themes: climate change, nutrition and sustainability, fire effects, restoration, and forest-stream linkages. This research is essential to understand the entire forest ecosystem and to use the best science available to make informed policy and management decisions.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20093078","usgsCitation":"Beldin, S.I., and Perakis, S., 2009, Unearthing Secrets of the Forest: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3078, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093078.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118572,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3078.jpg"},{"id":13024,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3078/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db6053d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beldin, Sarah I.","contributorId":70081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beldin","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perakis, Steven S. 0000-0003-0703-9314","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0703-9314","contributorId":16797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perakis","given":"Steven S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97862,"text":"pp1760E - 2009 - Channel incision and water-table decline along a recently rormed proglacial stream, Mendenhall Valley, southeastern Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":97862,"text":"pp1760E - 2009 - Channel incision and water-table decline along a recently rormed proglacial stream, Mendenhall Valley, southeastern Alaska","indexId":"pp1760E","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"chapter":"E","title":"Channel incision and water-table decline along a recently rormed proglacial stream, Mendenhall Valley, southeastern Alaska"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":97266,"text":"pp1760 - 2009 - Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2007","indexId":"pp1760","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2007"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":97266,"text":"pp1760 - 2009 - Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2007","indexId":"pp1760","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2007"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-09T19:46:13.983961","indexId":"pp1760E","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1760","chapter":"E","title":"Channel incision and water-table decline along a recently rormed proglacial stream, Mendenhall Valley, southeastern Alaska","docAbstract":"Retreat of the Mendenhall Glacier, in southeastern Alaska, resulted in the formation of Mendenhall Lake, which has reduced the supply of coarse sediment to the proglacial Mendenhall River. Channel geometry surveys conducted in 1969 and 1998 over a 5.3 km reach of the Mendenhall River revealed reductions in mean bed elevations ranging from 0.4 to 1.5 meters based on cross sections replicated at 7 locations. Channel incision in the Mendenhall River is believed to be the result of a combination of factors resulting from localized and region-wide glacial retreat. \r\n\r\nIn addition to a reduction of river stage due to channel incision, a decline in water-table elevations of about 0.6 m during a 17-year period from 1984 to 2001 was identified in an observation well located 250 m from the incising stream channel. Water-table elevations 600 m from the incising channel in the adjacent alluvial outwash aquifer respond in phase to changes in river stage, indicating water-levels in the adjacent aquifer are declining in response to river-channel incision. This study suggests channel incision can rapidly lower water-table elevations for large distances in the adjacent aquifer, potentially modifying the hydrology to a degree capable of influencing adjacent surface-water features, such as off-channel wetlands and flood-plain side channels.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2007 (Professional Paper 1760)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1760E","usgsCitation":"Neal, E., 2009, Channel incision and water-table decline along a recently rormed proglacial stream, Mendenhall Valley, southeastern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1760, iv, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1760E.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125532,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1760_e.jpg"},{"id":13037,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1760/e/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":411575,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87443.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Mendenhall Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -134.6125,\n 58.3667\n ],\n [\n -134.6125,\n 58.4422\n ],\n [\n -134.5333,\n 58.4422\n ],\n [\n -134.5333,\n 58.3667\n ],\n [\n -134.6125,\n 58.3667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4da4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neal, Edward G.","contributorId":68775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"Edward G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97806,"text":"ds467 - 2009 - Catalog of earthquake hypocenters at Alaskan volcanoes: January 1 through December 31, 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-22T18:25:24.979352","indexId":"ds467","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"467","title":"Catalog of earthquake hypocenters at Alaskan volcanoes: January 1 through December 31, 2008","docAbstract":"

Between January 1 and December 31, 2008, the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) located 7,097 earthquakes of which 5,318 occurred within 20 kilometers of the 33 volcanoes monitored by the AVO. Monitoring highlights in 2008 include the eruptions of Okmok Caldera, and Kasatochi Volcano, as well as increased unrest at Mount Veniaminof and Redoubt Volcano. This catalog includes descriptions of: (1) locations of seismic instrumentation deployed during 2008; (2) earthquake detection, recording, analysis, and data archival systems; (3) seismic velocity models used for earthquake locations; (4) a summary of earthquakes located in 2008; and (5) an accompanying UNIX tar-file with a summary of earthquake origin times, hypocenters, magnitudes, phase arrival times, location quality statistics, daily station usage statistics, and all files used to determine the earthquake locations in 2008.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds467","usgsCitation":"Dixon, J.P., and Stihler, S.D., 2009, Catalog of earthquake hypocenters at Alaskan volcanoes: January 1 through December 31, 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 467, Report: iv, 86 p.; Seismic Catalog Zip File, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds467.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 86 p.; Seismic Catalog Zip File","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118590,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_467.jpg"},{"id":414557,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87192.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":12977,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/467/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -143.5,\n 62.0333\n ],\n [\n -178.4,\n 62.0333\n ],\n [\n -178.4,\n 51.5167\n ],\n [\n -143.5,\n 51.9167\n ],\n [\n -143.5,\n 62.0333\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6f7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dixon, James P. 0000-0002-8478-9971 jpdixon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8478-9971","contributorId":3163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"James","email":"jpdixon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stihler, Scott D.","contributorId":31373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stihler","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97790,"text":"gip92 - 2009 - Surveillance plan for the early detection of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in migratory birds in the United States: surveillance year 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-04T15:51:13","indexId":"gip92","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":315,"text":"General Information Product","code":"GIP","onlineIssn":"2332-354X","printIssn":"2332-3531","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92","title":"Surveillance plan for the early detection of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in migratory birds in the United States: surveillance year 2009","docAbstract":"Executive Summary: \nThis Surveillance Plan (Plan) describes plans for conducting surveillance of wild birds in the United States and its Territories and Freely-Associated States to provide for early detection of the introduction of the H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) subtype of the influenza A virus by migratory birds during the 2009 surveillance year, spanning the period of April 1, 2009 - March 31, 2010. The Plan represents a continuation of surveillance efforts begun in 2006 under the Interagency Strategic Plan for the Early Detection of H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Wild Migratory Birds (U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of the Interior, 2006). The Plan sets forth sampling plans by: region, target species or species groups to be sampled, locations of sampling, sample sizes, and sampling approaches and methods. This Plan will be reviewed annually and modified as appropriate for subsequent surveillance years based on evaluation of information from previous years of surveillance, changing patterns and threats of H5N1 HPAI, and changes in funding availability for avian influenza surveillance. Specific sampling strategies will be developed accordingly within each of six regions, defined here as Alaska, Hawaiian/Pacific Islands, Lower Pacific Flyway (Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, Nevada, Arizona), Central Flyway, Mississippi Flyway, and Atlantic Flyway.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/gip92","usgsCitation":"Brand, C.J., 2009, Surveillance plan for the early detection of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in migratory birds in the United States: surveillance year 2009: U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 92, vi, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/gip92.","productDescription":"vi, 14 p.","temporalStart":"2009-04-01","temporalEnd":"2010-03-31","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118533,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/gip_92.jpg"},{"id":12957,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/92/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":335979,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/92/pdf/gip-92.pdf"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180,-60 ], [ -180,85 ], [ 180,85 ], [ 180,-60 ], [ -180,-60 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db6887bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brand, Christopher J. cbrand@usgs.gov","contributorId":1186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brand","given":"Christopher","email":"cbrand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97782,"text":"ds307 - 2009 - Data on mercury in water, bed sediment, and fish from streams across the United States, 1998-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-15T12:48:55","indexId":"ds307","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"307","title":"Data on mercury in water, bed sediment, and fish from streams across the United States, 1998-2005","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) and Toxic Substances Hydrology Programs conducted the National Mercury Pilot Study in 1998 to examine relations of mercury (Hg) in water, bed sediment and fish in streams across the United States, including Alaska and Hawaii. Water and bed-sediment samples were analyzed for total Hg (THg), methylmercury (MeHg), and other constituents; fish were analyzed for THg. Similar sampling was conducted at additional streams across the country in 2002 and 2004-05. This report summarizes sample collection and processing protocols, analytical methods, environmental data, and quality-assurance data for stream water, bed sediment, and fish for these national studies. To extend the geographic coverage of the data, this report also includes four regional USGS Hg studies conducted during 1998-2001 and 2004. The environmental data for these national and regional Hg studies are provided in an electronic format.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds307","usgsCitation":"Bauch, N.J., Chasar, L.C., Scudder, B.C., Moran, P.W., Hitt, K.J., Brigham, M.E., Lutz, M., and Wentz, D.A., 2009, Data on mercury in water, bed sediment, and fish from streams across the United States, 1998-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 307, viii, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds307.","productDescription":"viii, 33 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1998-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_307.jpg"},{"id":12949,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/307/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c855","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bauch, Nancy J. 0000-0002-0302-2892 njbauch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0302-2892","contributorId":1297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauch","given":"Nancy","email":"njbauch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chasar, Lia C.","contributorId":91196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chasar","given":"Lia","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scudder, Barbara C.","contributorId":100319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scudder","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moran, Patrick W. 0000-0002-2002-3539 pwmoran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2002-3539","contributorId":489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Patrick","email":"pwmoran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hitt, Kerie J.","contributorId":54565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hitt","given":"Kerie","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brigham, Mark E. 0000-0001-7412-6800 mbrigham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7412-6800","contributorId":1840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brigham","given":"Mark","email":"mbrigham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lutz, Michelle A.","contributorId":32862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutz","given":"Michelle A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wentz, Dennis A. dawentz@usgs.gov","contributorId":1838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wentz","given":"Dennis","email":"dawentz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":97779,"text":"ofr20091124 - 2009 - The Regional Geochemistry of Soils and Willow in a Metamorphic Bedrock Terrain, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2005, and Its Possible Relation to Moose","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:49","indexId":"ofr20091124","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1124","title":"The Regional Geochemistry of Soils and Willow in a Metamorphic Bedrock Terrain, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2005, and Its Possible Relation to Moose","docAbstract":"In 2005 willow leaves (all variants of Salix pulchra) and A-, B-, and C-horizon soils were sampled at 10 sites along a transect near the Quarry prospect and 11 sites along a transect near the Big Hurrah mine for the purpose of defining the spatial variability of elements and the regional geochemistry of willow and soil over Paleozoic metamorphic rocks potentially high in cadmium (Cd). Willow, a favorite browse of moose (Alces alces), has been shown by various investigators to bioaccumulate Cd. Moose in this region show clinical signs of tooth wear and breakage and are declining in population for unknown reasons. A trace element imbalance in their diet has been proposed as a possible cause for these observations. Cadmium, in high enough concentrations, is one dietary trace element that potentially could produce such symptoms.\r\n\r\nWe report both the summary statistics for elements in willow and soils and the results of an unbalanced, one-way, hierarchical analysis of variance (ANOVA) (general linear model, GLM), which was constructed to measure the geochemical variability in willow (and soil) at various distance scales across the Paleozoic geologic unit high in bioavailable Cd. All of the geochemical data are presented in the Appendices. The two locations are separated by approximately 80 kilometers (km); sites within a location are approximately 0.5 kilometers apart. Duplicate soil samples collected within a site were separated by 0.05 km or slightly less. Results of the GLM are element specific and range from having very little regional variability to having most of their variance at the top (greater than 80 km) level. For willow, a significant proportion of the total variance occurred at the 'between locations' level for ash yield, barium (Ba), Cd, calcium (Ca), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn). For soils, concentrations of elements in all three soil horizons were similar in that most of the variability in the geochemical data occurred at the 'between locations' and the 'among sites at a location' GLM levels.\r\n\r\nMost of the variation in concentrations of Cd in soils occurred among sites (separated by 0.5 km) at both locations across all soil horizons and not between the two locations. Cd distribution across the landscape may be due to variation in soil mineralogy, especially the amount of graphite in soil, which has been associated with Cd. Although samples were collected on the same geologic unit, the geochemistry of soils was demonstrated to be uniform with depth but highly variable between locations separated by 80 km. This exploratory study establishes the presence of elevated levels of Cd in willow growing over Paleozoic bedrock in the Seward Peninsula. Further work is needed to definitively link these high Cd levels in willow browse to the health of moose.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091124","usgsCitation":"Gough, L.P., Lamothe, P.J., Sanzolone, R.F., Drew, L., and Maier, J., 2009, The Regional Geochemistry of Soils and Willow in a Metamorphic Bedrock Terrain, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2005, and Its Possible Relation to Moose: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1124, Report: v, 43 p.; Appendixes (xls), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091124.","productDescription":"Report: v, 43 p.; Appendixes (xls)","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118506,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1124.jpg"},{"id":12946,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1124/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -168,64 ], [ -168,67 ], [ -160,67 ], [ -160,64 ], [ -168,64 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67acd9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gough, L. P.","contributorId":64198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gough","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lamothe, P. J.","contributorId":45672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamothe","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sanzolone, R. F.","contributorId":64199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanzolone","given":"R.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Drew, L.J.","contributorId":69157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Maier, J.A.K.","contributorId":75651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maier","given":"J.A.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70156858,"text":"70156858 - 2009 - Geochemistry and geochronology of carbonate-hosted base metal deposits in the southern Brooks Range, Alaska: Temporal association with VMS deposits and metallogenic implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-28T17:00:16.935503","indexId":"70156858","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geochemistry and geochronology of carbonate-hosted base metal deposits in the southern Brooks Range, Alaska: Temporal association with VMS deposits and metallogenic implications","docAbstract":"

The Brooks Range contains enormous accumulations of zinc and copper, either as VMS or sediment-hosted deposits. The Ruby Creek and Omar deposits are Cu-Co stratabound deposits associated with dolomitic breccias. Numerous volcanogenic Cu-Zn (+/-Ag, Au) deposits are situated ~20 km north of the Ruby Creek deposit. The carbonate-hosted deposits consist of chalcopyrite and bornite that fill open spaces, replace the matrix of the breccias, and occur in later cross-cutting veins. Cobaltiferous pyrite, chalcocite, minor tennantite-tetrahedrite, galena, and sphalerite are also present. At Ruby Creek, phases such as carrollite, renierite, and germanite occur rarely. The deposits have undergone post-depositional metamorphism (Ruby Creek, low greenschist facies; Omar, blueschist facies). The unusual geochemical signature includes Cu-Co +/- Ag, As, Au, Bi, Ge, Hg, Sb, and U with sporadic high Re concentrations (up to 2.7 ppm). New Re-Os data were obtained for chalcopyrite, bornite, and pyrite from the Ruby Creek deposit (analyses of sulfides from Omar are in progress). The data show extremely high Re abundances (hundreds of ppb, low ppm) and contain essentially no common Os. The Re-Os data provide the first absolute ages of ore formation for the Ruby Creek deposit and demonstrate that the Re-Os systematics of pyrite, chalcopyrite, and bornite are unaffected by greenschist metamorphism. The Re-Os data show that the main phase of Cu mineralization occurred at 384 +/-4.2 Ma, which coincides with zircon U-Pb ages from igneous rocks that are spatially and genetically associated with VMS deposits. This suggests a temporal link between regional magmatism and hydrothermal mineralization.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Smart science for exploration and mining: Proceedings of the 10th Biennial SGA Meeting, Townsville, Australia 17th-20th August 2009","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"10th Biennial SGA Meeting: Smart Science for Exploration and Mining","conferenceDate":"August 17-20, 2009","conferenceLocation":"Townsville, Australia","language":"English","publisher":"James Cook University School of Earth & Environmental Studies. Economic Geology Research Unit","usgsCitation":"Kelly, K., Slack, J., and Selby, D., 2009, Geochemistry and geochronology of carbonate-hosted base metal deposits in the southern Brooks Range, Alaska: Temporal association with VMS deposits and metallogenic implications, in Smart science for exploration and mining: Proceedings of the 10th Biennial SGA Meeting, Townsville, Australia 17th-20th August 2009, Townsville, Australia, August 17-20, 2009, p. 454-456.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"454","endPage":"456","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-012374","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307753,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":391089,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://e-sga.org/nc/publications/sga-biennial-meetings-abstract-volumes/2009-townsville/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Brooks Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -159.85107421875,\n 66.6268403656443\n ],\n [\n -144.95361328125,\n 66.6268403656443\n ],\n [\n -144.95361328125,\n 67.76771323616623\n ],\n [\n -159.85107421875,\n 67.76771323616623\n ],\n [\n -159.85107421875,\n 66.6268403656443\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e57aaee4b05561fa208693","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelly, Karen","contributorId":147239,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelly","given":"Karen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slack, John","contributorId":147240,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Slack","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Selby, David","contributorId":58167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selby","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97758,"text":"ofr20091169 - 2009 - Black and Brown Bear Activity at Selected Coastal Sites in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Alaska: A Preliminary Assessment Using Noninvasive Procedures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:27","indexId":"ofr20091169","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1169","title":"Black and Brown Bear Activity at Selected Coastal Sites in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Alaska: A Preliminary Assessment Using Noninvasive Procedures","docAbstract":"A number of efforts in recent years have sought to predict bear activity in various habitats to minimize human disturbance and bear/human conflicts. Alaskan coastal areas provide important foraging areas for bears (Ursus americanus and U. arctos), particularly following den emergence when there may be no snow-free foraging alternatives. Additionally, coastal areas provide important food items for bears throughout the year. Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve (GLBA) in southeastern Alaska has extensive coastal habitats, and the National Park Service (NPS) has been long interested in learning more about the use of these coastal habitats by bears because these same habitats receive extensive human use by park visitors, especially kayaking recreationists. This study provides insight regarding the nature and intensity of bear activity at selected coastal sites within GLBA. We achieved a clearer understanding of bear/habitat relationships within GLBA by analyzing bear activity data collected with remote cameras, bear sign mapping, scat collections, and genetic analysis of bear hair.\r\n\r\nAlthough we could not quantify actual levels of bear activity at study sites, agreement among measures of activity (for example, sign counts, DNA analysis, and video record) lends support to our qualitative site assessments. This work suggests that habitat evaluation, bear sign mapping, and periodic scat counts can provide a useful index of bear activity for sites of interest.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091169","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Partridge, S., Smith, T., and Lewis, T., 2009, Black and Brown Bear Activity at Selected Coastal Sites in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Alaska: A Preliminary Assessment Using Noninvasive Procedures: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1169, vi, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091169.","productDescription":"vi, 63 p.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125481,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1169.jpg"},{"id":12925,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1169/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ce4b07f02db60838f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Partridge, Steve","contributorId":83219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Partridge","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Tom","contributorId":7387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Tom","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lewis, Tania","contributorId":100960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"Tania","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}