National parks and preserves in the South Atlantic-Gulf Region contain valuable coastal habitats such as tidal wetlands and mangrove forests, as well as irreplaceable historic buildings and archeological sites located in low-lying areas. These natural and cultural resources are vulnerable to accelerated sea-level rise and escalating high tide flooding events. Through a Natural Resources Preservation Program-funded project during 2021–23, the U.S. Geological Survey, in collaboration with the National Park Service, estimated the probability of inundation at Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida, and several other parks under various sea-level rise scenarios and contemporary high tide flooding thresholds. The maps produced for this effort can be used to assess potential habitat change and explore how infrastructure and cultural resources within the park may be exposed to future flooding-related hazards.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20243023","issn":"2327-6932","collaboration":"Prepared in collaboration with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Thurman, H.R., Enwright, N.M., Osland, M.J., Passeri, D.L., Day, R.H., and Simons, B.M., 2024, Projected sea-level rise and high tide flooding at Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2024–3023, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20243023.","productDescription":"Report: 6 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-156842","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":433719,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2024/3023/fs20243023.pdf","size":"4.49 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":433718,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2024/3023/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":462373,"rank":8,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20243024","text":"USGS Fact Sheet 2024-3024","linkHelpText":"- Projected Sea-Level Rise and High Tide Flooding at Biscayne National Park, Florida"},{"id":433720,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9XL5CTQ","text":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Sea-level rise and high tide flooding inundation probability and depth statistics at Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida"},{"id":462369,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20243008","text":"USGS Fact Sheet 2024-3008","linkHelpText":"- Projected Sea-Level Rise and High Tide Flooding at Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve, Florida"},{"id":462370,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20243016","text":"USGS Fact Sheet 2024-3016","linkHelpText":"- Projected Sea-Level Rise and High Tide Flooding at De Soto National Memorial, Florida"},{"id":462371,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20243021","text":"USGS Fact Sheet 2024-3021","linkHelpText":"- Projected Sea-Level Rise and High Tide Flooding at San Juan National Historic Site, Puerto Rico"},{"id":462372,"rank":7,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20243022","text":"USGS Fact Sheet 2024-3022","linkHelpText":"- Projected Sea-Level Rise and High Tide Flooding at Big Cypress National Preserve, Florida"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Dry Tortugas National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.89263158130372,\n 24.602753151758805\n ],\n [\n -82.82807383280752,\n 24.641027909996808\n ],\n [\n -82.81754811294384,\n 24.679290943579872\n ],\n [\n -82.88140414678243,\n 24.699055579386297\n ],\n [\n -82.93473446075733,\n 24.67036395182518\n ],\n [\n -82.9501721832241,\n 24.618702391697582\n ],\n [\n -82.931927602127,\n 24.598287000187696\n ],\n [\n -82.89263158130372,\n 24.602753151758805\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
700 Cajundome Blvd.
Lafayette, LA 70506–3152
Contact Us- USGS Publications Warehouse
","tableOfContents":"This one-day field trip explores northeastern Santa Cruz Island (Limuw, in native Chumash), a part of Channel Islands National Park, USA. The geomorphology of eastern Santa Cruz Island has been controlled largely by active tectonics and sea-level fluctuations. The bedrock is Miocene volcanic rock overlain by Miocene shale and siltstone. The island has experienced Quaternary uplift, perhaps due to movement along an offshore thrust fault. Smaller faults are exposed in sea cliffs and have displaced Miocene rocks. Superimposed upon island uplift, there have been Quaternary sea-level fluctuations from interglacial-glacial climate changes. Interglacial high-sea stands are recorded as marine terraces. The last major interglacial period, ~120,000 years ago, left only small remnants of marine terraces. Most evidence of this high-sea stand was eroded away in the Holocene. However, a prominent marine terrace is preserved at 75–120 m above sea level. Some fossil mollusks from the deposits of this terrace, probably reworked, have given ages as old as Pliocene, but most yield ages of 2.6–2.0 Ma. The age and elevation of this terrace indicate a very low rate of tectonic uplift, similar to nearby Anacapa Island. A low uplift rate explains the absence or scarcity of younger terraces, including that of the last interglacial period. Low stands of sea (glacial periods) exposed the insular shelf, rich in carbonate skeletal sand. During glacial periods, these sands were entrained by the wind, deposited as dunes on marine terraces, and cemented into eolianite. Clay-rich Vertisols with silt mantles have developed on eolianites and terraces of the island, partly from in situ weathering, but also from inputs of Mojave Desert dust during Santa Ana wind events. This guide includes stops at Scorpion Anchorage, Cavern Point, and Potato Harbor. It provides insights into the bedrock, coastal geomorphology, fossiliferous marine terraces, eolianite, Vertisols, and the three formations on eastern Santa Cruz Island: the Santa Cruz Island Volcanics, the Monterey Formation, and the Potato Harbor Formation.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"From coastal geomorphology to magmatism: Guides to GSA connects 2024 Field trips in southern California and beyond","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2024.0070(05)","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D.R., Schumann, R.R., Minor, S.A., and Groves, L.T., 2024, Geology, coastal geomorphology, and soils of eastern Santa Cruz Island (Limuw), Channel Islands National Park, California, USA, chap. of From coastal geomorphology to magmatism: Guides to GSA connects 2024 Field trips in southern California and beyond, v. 70, p. 83-124, https://doi.org/10.1130/2024.0070(05).","productDescription":"42 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"124","ipdsId":"IP-164863","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":481269,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Channel Islands National Park, Santa Cruz Island (Limuw)","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.93460487987,\n 34.10078348793449\n ],\n [\n -119.93460487987,\n 33.94807077514925\n ],\n [\n -119.50725969844112,\n 33.94807077514925\n ],\n [\n -119.50725969844112,\n 34.10078348793449\n ],\n [\n -119.93460487987,\n 34.10078348793449\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"70","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Van Buer, Nicholas","contributorId":214183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van Buer","given":"Nicholas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38988,"text":"Cal State Poly Pomona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":925172,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwartz, Joshua J.","contributorId":289850,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":925173,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, Daniel R. 0000-0001-7449-251X dmuhs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":1857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"Daniel","email":"dmuhs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":925059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schumann, R. Randall 0000-0001-8158-6960 rschumann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8158-6960","contributorId":1569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schumann","given":"R.","email":"rschumann@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Randall","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":925060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Minor, Scott A. 0000-0002-6976-9235 sminor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6976-9235","contributorId":765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minor","given":"Scott","email":"sminor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":925061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Groves, Lindsey T.","contributorId":213427,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Groves","given":"Lindsey","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":12725,"text":"Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":925062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70258367,"text":"70258367 - 2024 - Efficacy of non-lead ammunition distribution programs to offset fatalities of golden eagles in southeast Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-07T16:29:43.517516","indexId":"70258367","displayToPublicDate":"2024-09-12T08:49:12","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Efficacy of non-lead ammunition distribution programs to offset fatalities of golden eagles in southeast Wyoming","docAbstract":"Golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) face many anthropogenic risks including illegal shooting, electrocution, collision with wind turbines and vehicles, and lead poisoning. Minimizing or offsetting eagle deaths resulting from human-caused sources is often viewed as an important management objective. Despite understanding the leading anthropogenic sources of eagle fatalities, existing scientific research supports few practical solutions to mitigate these causes of death. We implemented a non-lead ammunition distribution program in southeast Wyoming, USA, and evaluated its effectiveness as a compensatory mitigation action to offset incidental take (i.e., fatalities) of golden eagles at wind energy facilities. In 2020 and 2022, we distributed non-lead ammunition to 699 hunters with big-game tags specific to our >400,000-ha study area. These hunters harvested 296 pronghorn (Antilocapra americana), 14 deer (Odocoileus spp.), and 33 elk (Cervus canadensis) in the study area, which accounted for 6.9% and 6.5% of the harvest in these hunt units in 2020 and 2022, respectively. We used road surveys in 2020 to estimate a density of 0.036 (95% CI = 0.018–0.058) golden eagles/km2 during the big game hunting season in our study area. Model output suggests that our non-lead ammunition distribution program offset the fatality of 3.84 (95% CI = 1.06–23.72) eagles over the course of these 2 hunting seasons. Our work illustrates the potential usefulness of non-lead ammunition distribution programs as an action to mitigate eagle fatalities caused by wind facilities or other anthropogenic causes of death.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22647","usgsCitation":"Slabe, V.S., Crandall, R.H., Katzner, T., Duerr, A.E., and Miller, T.A., 2024, Efficacy of non-lead ammunition distribution programs to offset fatalities of golden eagles in southeast Wyoming: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 88, no. 8, e22647, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22647.","productDescription":"e22647, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-161994","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":439167,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22647","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":434761,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.92931952980723,\n 43.24589994296005\n ],\n [\n -107.92931952980723,\n 41.159953154947516\n ],\n [\n -105.14921780613884,\n 41.159953154947516\n ],\n [\n -105.14921780613884,\n 43.24589994296005\n ],\n [\n -107.92931952980723,\n 43.24589994296005\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"88","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slabe, Vincent S.","contributorId":344176,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Slabe","given":"Vincent","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":63970,"text":"Conservation Science Global","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":913075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crandall, Ross H.","contributorId":198926,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crandall","given":"Ross","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":6657,"text":"Craighead Beringia South","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":913076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Katzner, Todd E. 0000-0003-4503-8435 tkatzner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4503-8435","contributorId":191353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katzner","given":"Todd E.","email":"tkatzner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":913077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Duerr, Adam E.","contributorId":190590,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duerr","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":16210,"text":"Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":913078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, Tricia A.","contributorId":190591,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Tricia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":16210,"text":"Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":913079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70261560,"text":"70261560 - 2024 - Volcanism and tectonics of young basaltic fields in the eastern California shear zone, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-16T14:49:23.820529","indexId":"70261560","displayToPublicDate":"2024-09-12T08:42:26","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Volcanism and tectonics of young basaltic fields in the eastern California shear zone, California, USA","docAbstract":"Circa 12 Ma, there was a fundamental reorganization of magmatism and tectonics in the Mojave Desert, California, USA, from basaltic to rhyolitic fields associated with extensional tectonics to dispersed basaltic monogenetic fields associated with the northwest- or east-striking strike-slip faults. The broad zone of strike-slip faults associated with the San Andreas transform margin stretched east to Arizona, but the high slip-rate central part that is known as the Quaternary eastern California shear zone is the locus of the post–12 Ma volcanism. We compiled a literature review of 29 basaltic fields, conducted detailed and reconnaissance study of several fields, and conducted geochemistry on many. Most of the volcanic fields are near or cut by the long fault systems, but more importantly, in nearly two-thirds of the fields that have scoria cones, the cones are <1 km from one of these faults. Eighteen volcanic fields have geochemistry data, and of the 441 analyses of major elements, 286 are new U.S. Geological Survey data that include comprehensive trace elements. The data are used to compare fields and determine the compositional variations during the formation of each field. Comparisons between fields show that several nearby volcanic fields have similar geochemical compositions and trends compared to distant fields; we suggest that six magmatic clusters formed, some with 200–300 k.y. duration. Spatial patterns change over the 12 m.y. span, with early fields forming in the north and south and the youngest in a central area from Pisgah to Amboy fields. The volume of magma also changed, most notably with a sixfold increase ca. 4 Ma followed by a 2–3 m.y. quiescence. In addition to the fracture control provided by strike-slip faults as magma conduits, we advance arguments for shear melting in the mantle along the most active faults, with secondary controls of local tectonic interactions, to explain spatial and temporal patterns in the fields.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"From coastal geomorphology to magmatism: Guides to GSA connects 2024 field trips in southern California and beyond","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2024.0070(06)","usgsCitation":"Buesch, D.C., and Miller, D., 2024, Volcanism and tectonics of young basaltic fields in the eastern California shear zone, California, USA, chap. of From coastal geomorphology to magmatism: Guides to GSA connects 2024 field trips in southern California and beyond, v. 70, p. 125-157, https://doi.org/10.1130/2024.0070(06).","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"157","ipdsId":"IP-165587","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":465142,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.81457812408306,\n 32.741341527582605\n ],\n [\n -114.51850207327473,\n 33.84659454462617\n ],\n [\n -114.15791235302103,\n 34.31724338526864\n ],\n [\n -114.80864946075852,\n 35.199130287438805\n ],\n [\n -117.98533883054941,\n 37.62054159081218\n ],\n [\n -121.61806378609694,\n 36.16806803153355\n ],\n [\n -120.26877074820086,\n 34.73154575007007\n ],\n [\n -117.90472675927293,\n 33.87436079530947\n ],\n [\n -117.83103647077345,\n 33.63574209904861\n ],\n [\n -116.63455828291453,\n 32.60190143996401\n ],\n [\n -114.81457812408306,\n 32.741341527582605\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"70","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Van Buer, Nicholas","contributorId":214183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van Buer","given":"Nicholas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38988,"text":"Cal State Poly Pomona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921131,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwartz, Joshua J.","contributorId":289850,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":921132,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Buesch, David C. 0000-0002-4978-5027 dbuesch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4978-5027","contributorId":1154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buesch","given":"David","email":"dbuesch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":921049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, David M. 0000-0003-3711-0441","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":238721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":921050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70258698,"text":"70258698 - 2024 - Range-wide population genomic structure of the Karner blue butterfly, Plebejus (Lycaeides) samuelis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-24T11:50:21.120036","indexId":"70258698","displayToPublicDate":"2024-09-12T06:47:04","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Range-wide population genomic structure of the Karner blue butterfly, Plebejus (Lycaeides) samuelis","docAbstract":"The Karner blue butterfly, Plebejus (Lycaeides) samuelis, is an endangered North American climate change-vulnerable species that has undergone substantial historical habitat loss and population decline. To better understand the species' genetic status and support Karner blue conservation, we sampled 116 individuals from 22 localities across the species' geographical range in Wisconsin (WI), Michigan (MI), Indiana (IN), and New York (NY). Using genomic analysis, we found that these samples were divided into three major geographic groups, NY, WI, and MI-IN, with populations in WI and MI-IN each further divided into three subgroups. A high level of inbreeding was revealed by inbreeding coefficients above 10% in almost all populations in our study. However, strong correlation between FST and geographical distance suggested that genetic divergence between populations increases with distance, such that introducing individuals from more distant populations may be a useful strategy for increasing population-level diversity and preserving the species. We also found that Karner blue populations had lower genetic diversity than closely related species and had more alleles that were present only at low frequencies (<5%) in other species. Some of these alleles may negatively impact individual fitness and may have become prevalent in Karner blue populations due to inbreeding. Finally, analysis of these possibly deleterious alleles in the context of predicted three-dimensional structures of proteins revealed potential molecular mechanisms behind population declines, providing insights for conservation. This rich new range-wide understanding of the species' population genomic structure can contextualize past extirpations and help conserve and even enhance Karner blue genetic diversity.
Invasive carp pose substantial economic and ecological damage when populations are widespread in freshwater systems within the United States. Resource managers in the United States have few chemical control tools to selectively remove nuisance fish. This study examined whether Antimycin–A (antimycin) wax encapsulated microparticles could cause selective lethality in invasive carps. The antimycin microparticles were selective toward bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) and silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) across multiple experimental scales. Microparticles applied in experimental pond studies caused approximately 50 percent lethality in invasive carp. Effluent pond studies performed at Rathbun Fish Hatchery (Moravia, Iowa) caused silver carp lethality at a lower rate than previous pond or laboratory studies (approximately 1 percent); however, minimal effects on other fish species were observed. The antimycin microparticle formulation shows the ability to cause lethality in filter-feeding invasive carp relative to other fish species and demonstrated the plausibility for delivering a typically nonselective toxicant in a selective manner to specific species based on their physiological feeding traits.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241052","usgsCitation":"Sauey, B.W., Saari, G.N., Putnam, J.G., Nelson, J.E., Wamboldt, J.J., Steiner, J.N., and Calfee, R.D., 2024, A novel tool to selectively deliver a control agent to filter-feeding silver and bighead carp: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1052, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241052.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 17 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-158198","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":433504,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1052/images/"},{"id":433506,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241052/full"},{"id":433501,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1052/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":433502,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1052/ofr20241052.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2024–1052"},{"id":433503,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1052/ofr20241052.XML"},{"id":499261,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_117491.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":433505,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1DHXFTG","text":"UGSS data release","linkHelpText":"Data release for a novel tool to selectively deliver a control agent to filter-feeding silver and bighead carp"}],"contact":"Director, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2630 Fanta Reed Road
La Crosse, WI 54603
Monitoring wild fish health and exposure effects in impacted rivers and streams with differing land use has become a valuable research tool. Smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) are a sensitive, indicator species that exhibit signs of immunosuppression and endocrine disruption in response to water quality changes and contaminant exposure. To determine the impact of agriculture and development on smallmouth bass health, two sites (a developed/agriculture site and a forested site) in the Susquehanna River watershed, Pennsylvania were selected where bass and water chemistry were sampled from 2015 to 2019. Smallmouth bass were sampled for histopathology to assess parasite and macrophage aggregate density in the liver and spleen, condition factor (Ktl), hepatic gene transcript abundance, hepatosomatic index (HSI), and a health assessment index (HAI). Land use at the developed/agriculture site included greater pesticide application rates and phytoestrogen crop cover and more detections and higher concentrations of pesticides, wastewater-associated contaminants, hormones, phytoestrogens, and mycotoxins than at the forested site. Additionally, at the developed/agriculture site, indicators of molecular changes, including oxidative stress, immune/inflammation, and lipid metabolism-related hepatic gene transcripts, were associated with more contaminants and land use variables. At both sites, there were multiple associations of contaminants with liver and/or spleen macrophage aggregate density, indicating that changes at the molecular level seemed to be a better indicator of exposures unique to each site. The findings illustrate the importance of timing for land management practices, the complex mixtures aquatic animals are exposed to, and the temporal changes in contaminant concentration. Agricultural practices that affect hepatic gene transcripts associated with immune function and disease resistance were demonstrated which could negatively affect smallmouth bass populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10661-024-13049-4","usgsCitation":"Walsh, H.L., Smith, G., Schall, M., Gordon, S.E., and Blazer, V., 2024, Temporal analysis of water chemistry and smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) health at two sites with divergent land use in the Susquehanna River watershed, Pennsylvania, USA: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 196, 922, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-024-13049-4.","productDescription":"922, 24 p.","ipdsId":"IP-159079","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":439168,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-024-13049-4","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":434903,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P13EHVRD","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Water Chemistry and Smallmouth Bass Biological Data from Pine Creek and West Branch Mahantango Creek, Pennsylvania, 2015-2019"},{"id":433722,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Susquehanna River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.20707157152276,\n 41.80595501170811\n ],\n [\n -77.72931901033877,\n 41.80595501170811\n ],\n [\n -77.72931901033877,\n 40.1884798871686\n ],\n [\n -76.20707157152276,\n 40.1884798871686\n ],\n [\n -76.20707157152276,\n 41.80595501170811\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"196","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walsh, Heather L. 0000-0001-6392-4604 hwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6392-4604","contributorId":4696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Heather","email":"hwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":912964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Geoffrey","contributorId":199064,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Geoffrey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":912965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schall, Megan","contributorId":343361,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schall","given":"Megan","affiliations":[{"id":6738,"text":"The Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":912966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gordon, Stephanie E. 0000-0002-6292-2612 sgordon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6292-2612","contributorId":200931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"Stephanie","email":"sgordon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":912967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Blazer, Vicki S. 0000-0001-6647-9614 vblazer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":150384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Vicki S.","email":"vblazer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":912968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70259248,"text":"70259248 - 2024 - Reexamining the Honolulu Volcanics: Hawai‘i's classic case of rejuvenation volcanism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-03T15:55:03.375339","indexId":"70259248","displayToPublicDate":"2024-09-11T09:12:42","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reexamining the Honolulu Volcanics: Hawai‘i's classic case of rejuvenation volcanism","docAbstract":"Rejuvenated volcanism is a worldwide phenomenon occurring on many oceanic islands in all of the major ocean basins. This plume-related volcanism follows the main edifice-building stage after a hiatus of variable duration (e.g. 0.6–2 Myrs in Hawai'i). The Honolulu Volcanics (HV), the classic case of rejuvenated volcanism, involved monogenetic eruptions from at least 48 vent areas. Previous studies inferred these vents were aligned along 3 to 11 rifts oriented orthogonal to the propagation direction of the Hawaiian plume. HV basalts are known for having high MgO contents (greater than 10 wt %) and upper mantle xenoliths. Thus, HV magmas are assumed to be relatively primitive and to have ascended rapidly (less than 1 day) through the crust. However, new analyses of olivine cores in basalts from 24 HV vents are mostly too low in forsterite content (74–86 mol %) to be in equilibrium with mantle melts. Olivine and clinopyroxene in HV basalts commonly show reverse zoning indicating magma mixing prior to eruption. These results are inconsistent with the rapid ascent of HV magmas directly from their mantle source. Many of the HV magmas underwent storage (probably in the lower crust or uppermost mantle), crystal fractionation and magma mixing prior to eruption. New 40Ar/39Ar dates were determined for 11 HV lavas to evaluate their eruptive history. These ages, 80 to 685 ka, combined with our previous and other 40Ar/39Ar ages for HV lavas reveal long gaps (greater than 50 kyr) between some eruptions. Our comprehensive, whole-rock major and trace element database (63 XRF analyses, 57 ICPMS analyses) of basalts from 37 vents show remarkable compositional diversity with no obvious spatial pattern or temporal trends. The two most recent eruptive sequences have the greatest diversity (basanite and melilitite compositions). HV basanites show systematic trace element trends that may reflect mixing of multiple source components. The nephelinites and melilitites require a complex source history that may have involved residual accessory minerals during mantle melting and a metasomatic component that was not carbonatitic. The new ages and geochemical data show eruptions along most of the previously proposed rift systems were unrelated (except for the Koko Rift). Therefore, geodynamic models that relate HV volcanism to these rift systems are invalid. Lava volumes for two HV eruptions were estimated at 0.11 and 0.23 km3 using surface mapping and water well data. Similar size, recent monogenetic eruptions in Auckland, New Zealand, were inferred to have lasted several months. Thus, if another HV eruption were to occur, which is possible given the long hiatus between eruptions, it would be extremely disruptive for the nearly 1 million residents of Honolulu. None of the existing geodynamic models fully explain the age duration, volumes and the locations of Hawai'i's rejuvenated volcanism. Thus, the cause of this secondary volcanism remains enigmatic.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/petrology/egae093","usgsCitation":"Garcia, M.O., Norman, M.D., Jicha, B., Lynn, K.J., and Jiang, P., 2024, Reexamining the Honolulu Volcanics: Hawai‘i's classic case of rejuvenation volcanism: Journal of Petrology, v. 65, no. 9, egae093, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egae093.","productDescription":"egae093, 24 p.","ipdsId":"IP-161257","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498025,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egae093","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":462482,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Honolulu Volcanics, Oahu","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -157.95228727057142,\n 21.303437544076758\n ],\n [\n -157.7876854268278,\n 21.244288947214542\n ],\n [\n -157.68978498381696,\n 21.25531845437243\n ],\n [\n -157.6413726768336,\n 21.309451323199127\n ],\n [\n -157.6446001639659,\n 21.336510281621585\n ],\n [\n -157.72098402609515,\n 21.470728941249874\n ],\n [\n -157.7780029654312,\n 21.470728941249874\n ],\n [\n -157.98671379998177,\n 21.336510281621585\n ],\n [\n -157.95228727057142,\n 21.303437544076758\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"65","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garcia, Michael O.","contributorId":225524,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garcia","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":36402,"text":"University of Hawaii","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":914550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Norman, Marc D.","contributorId":344700,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Norman","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16807,"text":"Australian National University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":914551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jicha, Brian","contributorId":213920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jicha","given":"Brian","affiliations":[{"id":7122,"text":"University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":914552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lynn, Kendra J. 0000-0001-7886-4376","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7886-4376","contributorId":290327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynn","given":"Kendra","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":914553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jiang, Peng","contributorId":344701,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jiang","given":"Peng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39036,"text":"University of Hawaii at Manoa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":914554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70258256,"text":"sir20245075 - 2024 - Low-flow statistics computed for streamflow gages and methods for estimating selected low-flow statistics for ungaged stream locations in Ohio, water years 1975–2020","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-23T19:34:36.395091","indexId":"sir20245075","displayToPublicDate":"2024-09-11T08:55:00","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2024-5075","displayTitle":"Low-Flow Statistics Computed for Streamflow Gages and Methods for Estimating Selected Low-Flow Statistics for Ungaged Stream Locations in Ohio, Water Years 1975–2020","title":"Low-flow statistics computed for streamflow gages and methods for estimating selected low-flow statistics for ungaged stream locations in Ohio, water years 1975–2020","docAbstract":"A study was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Ohio Water Development Authority and the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, to compute low-flow frequency, flow-duration, and harmonic mean flow statistics for long-term streamflow gages and to develop regression equations to estimate those statistics at unregulated, ungaged stream locations in Ohio. The flow statistics were computed with data collected after the 1974 water year because upward trends and statistically significant step changes (occurring after the late 1960s but before 1975) in annual flow statistics were detected at many candidate gages in Ohio. A total of 180 continuous-record gages in Ohio and bordering States were identified as having at least 10 years of daily flow records during the analytical period (water years 1975–2020). Also identified were five low-flow partial-record gages in Ohio that had instantaneous low flows that correlated strongly with daily streamflows at one of the continuous-record gages (also referred to as index gages). For continuous-record gages, the following flow statistics were computed: annual and seasonal minimum 1-, 7-, 30-, and 90-day flows with 2-, 5-, 10-, 20-, and 50-year recurrence intervals; annual and seasonal 98-, 95-, 90-, 85-, 80-, 75-, 70-, 60-, 50-, 40-, 30-, 20-, and 10-percent duration flows; and the harmonic mean flow. For partial-record gages, estimates were made for annual and seasonal minimum 1-, 7-, 30-, and 90-day low flows with 2-, 10-, and 20-year recurrence intervals and annual and seasonal 98-, 95-, 90-, 85-, and 80-percent duration flows.
The drainage basin of each gage was inspected for anthropogenic or karst features that could appreciably affect or regulate low flows. That inspection resulted in data from 53 of the 180 continuous-record gages and the 5 low-flow partial-record gages being categorized as “unregulated” and subsequently used in regression analyses to develop equations for estimating low-flow statistics. Two hundred and sixty potential explanatory variables were tested for this study. In most cases, a streamflow-variability index (SVI) was chosen as the sole explanatory variable for the regression analyses to predict the harmonic mean and annual and seasonal low-flow yields. The exceptions were for one of the September–November low-flow yield statistics and all the December–February yield statistics. Drainage area, decimal longitude, and usually SVI were chosen as the explanatory variables for those exceptions and to predict the 80-percent duration flows. The SVI values used in the model were estimated from a geospatial grid of SVI values developed for this study by using an empirical Bayesian kriging regression prediction. Observations for continuous-record gages used in the regression analyses were weighted as a function of their record length. Weights for partial-record gages were estimated based on the weights determined for their index gages.
Equations for low-flow yields were developed by using censored regressions with a censoring level of 0.00001 cubic foot per second per square mile. Numerical constraints were placed on the yield equations if they could compute yields less than the yield censoring level or if the yields did not monotonically decrease with increasing SVI. Logistic-regression equations were developed, with SVI and drainage area as explanatory variables, to estimate the probability that the low-flow statistics were greater than the flow censoring level (0.01 cubic foot per second).
The regression equations presented in this report were developed for implementation in the Ohio StreamStats application. The equations are applicable to unregulated streams in Ohio and are not applicable to streams with karst drainage features, diversions, regulation, or other anthropogenic activities that can appreciably affect low flow. The equations were developed by using observations with a range of SVI values from 0.41 to 1.23 log10 cubic foot per second and a range of drainage areas from 0.21 to 540 square miles. The applicability of the equations outside these ranges is not known.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20245075","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Ohio Water Development Authority and the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"VonIns, B.L., and Koltun, G.F., 2024, Low-flow statistics computed for streamflow gages and methods for estimating selected low-flow statistics for ungaged stream locations in Ohio, water years 1975–2020 (ver. 1.1, October 2024): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2024–5075, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20245075.","productDescription":"Report: v, 37 p.; Data Release: 2 Tables","numberOfPages":"37","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-155169","costCenters":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":462619,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5075/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":462944,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5075/sir20245075.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.17 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2024-5075 PDF"},{"id":497941,"rank":12,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_117489.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":462953,"rank":11,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P92GD1WL","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Supporting data for low-flow statistics computed for streamflow gages and methods for estimating selected low-flow statistics for ungaged stream locations in Ohio, water years 1975–2020 (ver. 1.1, October 2024)"},{"id":462951,"rank":9,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5075/sir20245075_app2_table2.1.csv","text":"Appendix 2 Table 2.1","size":"4.54 KB","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"},"linkHelpText":"- CSV file"},{"id":462950,"rank":8,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5075/sir20245075_app2_table2.1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2 Table 2.1","size":"24.1 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"- Table 2.1. 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\"}}]}","edition":"Version 1.0: September 2024; Version 1.1: October 2024","contact":"Director, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6460 Busch Blvd, Suite 100
Columbus, OH 43229
Landslide susceptibility maps are fundamental tools for risk reduction, but the coarse resolution of current continental-scale models is insufficient for local application. Complex relations between topographic and environmental attributes characterizing landslide susceptibility at local scales are not transferrable across areas without landslide data. Existing maps with multiple susceptibility classifications under-represent landslide potential in moderate and gently sloping terrain. We leverage an extensive landslide database (N = 613,724), a high-resolution digital elevation model (10-m), and high-performance computing resources, to develop a new nationwide susceptibility map for the contiguous United States, Hawaii, Alaska, and Puerto Rico. We calculate four alternative linear and nonlinear thresholds of topographic slope and relief using an objective split-sample calibration. We down-sample our results to a 90-m grid to account for uncertainty in the digital elevation model and landslide position, and evaluate these thresholds' ability to differentiate areas of greater susceptibility. The less conservative nonlinear model optimally balances our priorities of capturing observed landslides (99%) while minimizing area covered by susceptible terrain (43%). Independent evaluation with four statewide landslide inventories (N = 172,367) reinforces our model selection but highlights spatially variable performance. Therefore, we propose a novel approach to susceptibility classification using the concentration of landslide-prone terrain within each down-sampled grid. While landslides are possible within any cells containing susceptible terrain, those with the highest concentration capture the majority of observed landslides. Our new map characterizes landside susceptibility more consistently than prior models; our transparent classification approach also provides flexibility for accommodating different tolerances in risk reduction measures.
The Aransas-Wood Buffalo population of Grus americana (Linnaeus, 1758; whooping cranes) migrates through the U.S. Great Plains, encountering places substantially altered by human activity. Using telemetry data from 2017 to 2022, we investigated whooping crane migration behavior around U.S. Air Force bases in Oklahoma. Our study focused on potential collision risks between whooping cranes and aircraft, a substantial concern for aviation safety. We determined that activity was greatest at Kegelman Air Force Auxiliary Airfield, near whooping crane critical habitat. On average, 61 percent of marked whooping cranes used locations west of Kegelman Air Force Auxiliary Airfield and Vance Air Force Base during autumn migration and 55 percent during spring migration, and few cranes approached within 5 kilometers of airfields. Flight characteristics revealed seasonal variations in altitude and timing; cranes flew at lower altitudes in autumn and had distinct flight patterns. Additionally, we assessed temporal aspects of migration, identifying average arrival and departure dates for spring and autumn migrations. Cranes indicated consistency in seasonal presence, which may aid in risk assessments. Our findings underscore the importance of monitoring potential interactions between whooping cranes and aircraft, particularly around whooping crane critical habitat like the Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge in Oklahoma. Detailed summaries of migration patterns and flight behavior can be used to assist the U.S. Air Force in assessing collision risks and developing mitigation strategies. Furthermore, these summaries can provide insights for the conservation efforts of this endangered species managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and serve as a step towards mitigating risks to aviation safety and the recovery of whooping cranes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241056","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","programNote":"Species Management Research Program","usgsCitation":"Brandt, D.A., and Pearse, A.T., 2024, Migrating whooping crane activity near U.S. Air Force bases and airfields in Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1056, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241056.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 23 p.; 2 Data Releases","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-165140","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":433672,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1056/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":433673,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1056/ofr20241056.pdf","text":"Report","size":"17 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2024–1056"},{"id":433675,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1056/images/"},{"id":433676,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9Y8KZJ9","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Location data for whooping cranes of the Aransas-Wood Buffalo Population, 2009–2018"},{"id":433677,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P138HGIX","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Whooping crane use around Air Force Bases in Oklahoma, 2017–2022"},{"id":433674,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1056/ofr20241056.XML"},{"id":433678,"rank":7,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241056/full"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100.13000204850229,\n 37.12806045019728\n ],\n [\n -100.13000204850229,\n 33.690676852817916\n ],\n [\n -97.31750204850259,\n 33.690676852817916\n ],\n [\n -97.31750204850259,\n 37.12806045019728\n ],\n [\n -100.13000204850229,\n 37.12806045019728\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8711 37th Street Southeast
Jamestown, ND 58401
Organic petrology developed from coal petrology, and, in the 1960s, it began to be applied to the study of dispersed organic matter (DOM) in sedimentary rocks other than coal. Over the last few decades, the petrology of DOM has been used to characterize organic matter in sedimentary basins with an emphasis on fossil fuel resource exploration. Today, due to the global research shift on topics related to climate, organic petrology has expanded into new application areas, such as geothermal exploration, biological carbon storage (biochar), disposal, and management of radioactive waste.
From the publication of the International Handbook of Coal Petrology (mid-20th century) to the present day, a large number of standards, books, and articles have been published as a result of the work of organic petrographers and petrologists around the world and efforts of the International Committee for Coal and Organic Petrology (ICCP) and The Society for Organic Petrology (TSOP) to promote the study of organic petrology. The current fundamentals and standards of organic petrology provide the international scientific community with well-informed guidance and recommendations to promote in-depth research. However, this information is currently widely scattered, leading to discrepancies in methodology and terminology. Therefore, this paper aims to present a comprehensive review of the main analytical standard test methods and techniques currently used in the petrology of DOM under reflected white light and UV and blue-light excitation, and to provide an efficient and well-defined reference guide. Furthermore, considering the important role of the ICCP in the development of organic petrology since the 1950s, a brief review of the ongoing activities of ICCP dealing with DOM is also presented.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2024.104604","usgsCitation":"Goncalves, P., Kus, J., Hackley, P.C., Borrego, A., Hámor-Vidó, M., Kalkreuth, W., Mendonça Filho, J., Petersen, H., Pickel, W., Reinhardt, M., Suárez-Ruiz, I., and , I., 2024, The petrology of dispersed organic matter in sedimentary rocks: Review and update: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 294, 104604, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2024.104604.","productDescription":"104604, 33 p.","ipdsId":"IP-161979","costCenters":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":439170,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2024.104604","text":"Publisher Index 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0000-0002-5957-2551 phackley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551","contributorId":592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Paul","email":"phackley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":912999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Borrego, A.G.","contributorId":344156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borrego","given":"A.G.","affiliations":[{"id":82306,"text":"Instituto Nacional del Carbon (INCAR-CSIC), Francisco Pintado Fe 26, 33011, Oviedo, Spain","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":913000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hámor-Vidó, M.","contributorId":344157,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hámor-Vidó","given":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":82307,"text":"University of Pécs Department of Geology and Meteorology, Ifjúság u. 6, Pécs, 7624, Hungary","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":913001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kalkreuth, W.","contributorId":344158,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kalkreuth","given":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":82308,"text":"Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91509-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":913002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mendonça Filho, J.G.","contributorId":344159,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mendonça Filho","given":"J.G.","affiliations":[{"id":82305,"text":"Departamento de Geologia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21.949-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":913003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Petersen, H.I.","contributorId":344160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petersen","given":"H.I.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":82309,"text":"Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Øster Voldgade 10, Copenhagen K, 1350, Denmark","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":913004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Pickel, W.","contributorId":344161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pickel","given":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":27990,"text":"Deceased","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":913005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Reinhardt, M.J.","contributorId":344162,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reinhardt","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27990,"text":"Deceased","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":913006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Suárez-Ruiz, I.","contributorId":344163,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Suárez-Ruiz","given":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":82306,"text":"Instituto Nacional del Carbon (INCAR-CSIC), Francisco Pintado Fe 26, 33011, Oviedo, Spain","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":913007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":" ICCP","contributorId":344164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"given":"ICCP","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":82310,"text":"International Committee for Coal and Organic Petrology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":913008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70258412,"text":"70258412 - 2024 - Lead isotopes constrain Precambrian crustal architecture, thermal history, and lithospheric foundering in Laurentia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-25T15:43:15.380363","indexId":"70258412","displayToPublicDate":"2024-09-10T07:02:22","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3531,"text":"Terra Nova","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lead isotopes constrain Precambrian crustal architecture, thermal history, and lithospheric foundering in Laurentia","docAbstract":"Laurentia (ancestral North America) records nearly 4 billion years of crustal evolution. Here, a newly compiled continental-scale Pb isotopic database is used to evaluate the Precambrian crustal evolution of Laurentia. Pb model ages yield a 2.7 Ga peak, a 2.5–1.8 Ga minimum and 1.8–0.9 Ga continuum. Pb model ages yield thermochronometric data and track crustal growth via arc-related magmatism and accretionary orogenesis. Model 232Th/204Pb and 238U/204Pb broadly correlate with mapped crustal domains. More homogeneous and less radiogenic 238U/204Pb and 232Th/238U after 2.7 Ga suggests a shift to more juvenile sources, loss of early isotopic reservoirs and greater crustal reworking. U and Th are fractionated from Pb in Proterozoic orogens with abundant ferroan and anorthosite–mangerite–charnockite–granite(AMCG)-suite magmatism. This fractionation suggests the removal of Pb-rich lower crust, supporting petrogenetic models involving lithospheric foundering and magmatic underplating. Lithospheric thinning and associated magmatism may have contributed to high middle Proterozoic geothermal gradients.
Spatial overlap between wildlife and related domestic animals can lead to disease transmission, with substantial evidence for viral and bacterial spillover. Domestic and wild animals can also share potentially harmful helminth parasites, many of which have environmental transmission stages that do not require direct contact between hosts. We used camera traps, fecal sampling, and mathematical modeling to evaluate the potential for hookworm parasites to spillover from domestic dogs to wild cats in the Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica. Traditional microscopy was found to be more sensitive than DNA-based diagnostics for parasites, though the methods were complementary. We found high hookworm (Ancylostoma spp.) prevalence in domestic dogs (74.2%, 95% CI: 67.0%–80.7%, N = 155), and considerable spatial overlap with ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) and pumas (Puma concolor), particularly on trails and dirt roads. Pumas had hookworm prevalence of 36.4% (18.6%–57.2%, N = 22), and ocelots had 27.3% (7.6%–56.5%, N = 11); however, molecular identification of these parasites was inconclusive. We developed a macroparasite transmission model to infer the likelihood of spillover, compared with separate parasite cycles, or different parasite species in each host. According to the model, spillover of hookworm from dogs would lead to a prevalence of less than 10% in wild hosts. Low presumed compatibility between wild hosts and parasites adapted to domestic species limits the prevalence that could be reached in wild species, even under potentially higher overlap. The prevalence observed was more consistent with a model that assumes hookworms in wild cats in the Osa are a cat-specific parasite. The combination of parasitology, molecular diagnostics, and mathematical modeling used here could complement wildlife disease monitoring programs worldwide to shed light on understudied helminth–host dynamics at the domestic–wild animal interface.
Precariously balanced rocks (PBRs) and other fragile geologic features have the potential to constrain the maximum intensity of earthquake ground shaking over millennia. Such constraints may be particularly useful in the eastern United States (U.S.), where few earthquake‐source faults are reliably identified, and moderate earthquakes can be felt at great distances due to low seismic attenuation. We describe five PBRs in northern New York and Vermont—a region of elevated seismic hazard associated with historical seismicity. These boulders appear to be among the most fragile PBRs in the region, based on reports from hobbyists. The PBRs are glacial erratics, best evidenced by glacial striations on bedrock pedestals. The pedestals themselves are locally high knobs, often situated on regionally high topography; this setting limits soil development and indicates that any outwash deposits were likely ephemeral. As a result, PBR ages can be reliably established by the retreat of the last continental ice sheet, ∼15–13 ka. To quantify the fragility of the PBRs, we surveyed them with ground‐based light detection and ranging and calculated geometric parameters from the point clouds, field observations, and seismic responses. Preliminary validation of the 2023 time‐independent U.S. National Seismic Hazard Model (NSHM) shows that the existence of PBRs is generally consistent with the median site‐specific hazard curves. Only the Blue Ridge Road site suggests a modest reduction in hazard. To visualize the ensemble of data, we mapped the minimum permissible distance to potential source faults around each PBR site as a function of source magnitude by using the ground‐motion models from the 2023 NSHM. Viewed in this manner, our data are consistent with potential M∼6.5 earthquake‐source faults in many parts of the Lake Champlain Valley and northern Adirondack Mountains. Our work illustrates a potential pathway for better constraining earthquake‐source faults in regions of cryptic faults.
Lead Belt, an area of major lead mining from the 1860s until 1972 where more than 8.5 million tons of lead were mined. After active mining ceased, the effects of mining activities persisted in the Big River system because of large mine waste pile erosion, and floodplain sediment and streambank contamination along several tributaries and the main stem of the Big River. Lead-contaminated streambed and floodplain sediments extend more than 90 miles from the Old Lead Belt to the confluence of the Big River with the Meramec River. The waste piles and mine-waste contaminated streambed and floodplain sediments have been sources of high concentrations of several trace elements, primarily cadmium, lead, and zinc. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 7 has made several efforts to prevent further erosion of contaminated sediments into the Big River including the capping of major mine waste piles, reclaiming sediment deposits along the floodplains, and monitoring soil conditions of croplands and residential properties.
A cooperative effort began in 2011 between the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 7 to characterize suspended sediment quantity and quality in the Big River downstream from the Old Lead Belt as reclamation activities in the drainage basin progressed. The study was completed in two phases, and each phase included continuous stage, turbidity, and water temperature monitoring at the Big River below Bonne Terre, Missouri, streamgage and sampling station. Periodic suspended sediment samples also were collected manually (discrete samples) during base flow and selected stormflow events. Continuous streamflow, turbidity, and discrete suspended sediment data were used to develop regression models to compute daily suspended sediment concentrations and loads. During both phases, the discrete stormflow event samples were also evaluated to determine particle size distribution and concentrations of select trace elements. Phase one was completed from October 2011 through September 2013, and phase two, which is the primary focus of this report, was completed from October 2018 through September 2021. Phase two also included time-integrated suspended sediment samples collected using passive samplers. Discrete samples (collected during stormflow events) and passive samples were analyzed for concentrations of barium, cadmium, lead, and zinc in two sediment size fractions (when possible) to estimate trace element loads. Suspended sediment concentrations and loads and select trace element concentration results computed during phase one were compared to those computed during phase two to identify trends in the Big River Basin during the full study period.
The concentrations of cadmium, lead, and zinc in nearly all discrete stormflow event suspended sediment samples and passive suspended sediment samples exceeded the threshold effect concentrations and the probable effect concentrations, which are two sediment quality guidelines. Most samples also exceeded the toxic effect threshold, the level at which sediment is considered to be heavily contaminated and problematic for sediment-dwelling organisms. Bulk cadmium concentrations (median of 7.90 milligrams per kilogram [mg/kg]) exceeded the toxic effect threshold (3.0 mg/kg) in 17 discrete stormflow event samples, and bulk lead concentrations (median of 1,070 mg/kg) exceeded the toxic effect threshold (170 mg/kg) in all 18 discrete stormflow event samples. Bulk zinc concentrations (median of 500 mg/kg) exceeded the toxic effect threshold (540 mg/kg) in eight discrete stormflow event samples. Bulk concentrations of these trace elements in passive suspended sediment samples were slightly greater, with concentrations of cadmium (median of 14.0 mg/kg) and lead (median of 1,860 mg/kg) exceeding the toxic effect threshold in all 18 samples. Bulk concentrations of zinc (median of 733 mg/kg) exceeded the toxic effect threshold in 15 passive samples. Compared to phase one (water years 2012–13), phase two (water years 2019–21) concentrations of lead and cadmium in the fine fraction of discrete suspended sediment samples collected at Big River below Bonne Terre were statistically similar; concentrations of barium and zinc were statistically smaller in samples collected during phase two (water years 2018–21).
Sediment quality data from passive samples and daily mean suspended sediment loads from the regression model were used to calculate annual oads of barium, cadmium, lead, and zinc at the Bonne Terre streamgage. Water year 2019 had the largest loads of barium, cadmium, lead, and zinc (58.6, 1.43, 194, and 76.5 tons, respectively). The total loads of barium, cadmium, lead, and zinc for phase two (water years 2019–21) were 149, 4.00, 520, and 213 tons, respectively. Less than 5 percent of the total lead load calculated for the study period was transported when daily mean streamflow was less than 455 cubic feet per second, which is the approximate flow at which the passive samplers were inundated and began sampling. This highlights that most of the lead load is transported during stormflow events and the effectiveness of using passive samplers for ongoing monitoring of the Big River.
Annual suspended sediment loads at the Bonne Terre streamgage computed using the regression model were 113,000 tons in water year 2019, 83,400 tons in water year 2020, and 96,500 tons in water year 2021. The event-based suspended sediment loads for the eight sampled stormflow events ranged from 45.3 to 32,500 tons. Although only a portion of all stormflow events during phase two were sampled, the loads accounted for during these eight stormflow events represented approximately 30.9 percent of the total suspended sediment load calculated for the study period, confirming that a large part of suspended sediments continue to be transported in the Big River during stormflow events. Event-based loads of barium, cadmium, lead, and zinc were greatest during the stormflow events sampled in January 2020 (event 4) and March 2021 (event 8). Event-based loads calculated for event 4 for barium, cadmium, lead, and zinc were 17.1, 0.206, 27.2, and 14.5 tons, respectively. During event 8, an estimated 15.6 tons of barium, 0.239 tons of cadmium, 34.0 tons of lead, and 13.6 tons of zinc were transported in suspended sediments. The continued high concentrations of lead in suspended sediments in the Big River, despite reclamation activities, is likely because of the continual transport from streambed and stream banks of lead-enriched sediment, which remain in the system from historical mining activities.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20245085","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Markland, K.M., and Buckley, C.E., 2024, Suspended sediment and trace element transport in the Big River downstream from the Old Lead Belt in southeastern Missouri, 2018–21: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2024–5085, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20245085.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 45 p.; 2 Appendixes; Data Release; Dataset","numberOfPages":"60","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-153957","costCenters":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":433616,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1B8YS78","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geochemical analyses of water, mine tailings, fluvial suspended sediments, fluvial bed sediments, and fluvial flood deposit sediments from the Big River and Meramec River drainage basins, Missouri"},{"id":433610,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5085/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":433611,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5085/sir20245085.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2024–5085"},{"id":433612,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5085/sir20245085.XML"},{"id":433613,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5085/downloads/","text":"Appendixes 1–2","linkHelpText":"- Model Archives Summaries for Regression Models"},{"id":433614,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5085/images/"},{"id":499482,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_117311.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":433617,"rank":8,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"UGSS National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"- USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":433615,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20245085/full"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.28892432173701,\n 38.3\n ],\n [\n -91.28892432173701,\n 37.29246138824874\n ],\n [\n -89.90464697798724,\n 37.29246138824874\n ],\n [\n -89.90464697798724,\n 38.3\n ],\n [\n -91.28892432173701,\n 38.3\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
400 South Clinton Street, Suite 269
Iowa City, IA 52240
The North American river otter (Lontra canadensis) was extirpated from much of the United States in the early 20th century due to habitat loss, pollution of waterways, and overharvesting. The Iowa Department of Natural Resources began a river otter reintroduction effort in 1985, which placed otters in 14 sites across the state. Otters have since been known to occur in every county in Iowa and appear to have successfully repopulated their former range throughout the state. Our objective was to relate land cover characteristics and otter abundance using harvest data. We used data collected by agency staff to map the locations of otter harvest in Iowa from 2006 to 2016. We mapped otter harvest locations at the subwatershed level (also called 12-digit Hydrologic Unit Code or HUC-12). We related otter harvest to land cover variables and predicted otter abundance by land cover type. We found that roads, forests, larger waterways, and Ictaluridae (catfish) presence were negatively correlated with otter harvest. Variables positively correlated with otter harvest were areas with greater land cover diversity, wetland patch density, average stream density, and waterway and wetland areas. The land cover model predicted otters in equal or greater numbers than the harvest data in 62.8% of HUC-12s. The areas of greatest otter abundance estimates were located near recreation areas and urban areas, indicating the underutilization of these heavy-trafficked areas by trappers. Areas of fewer predicted otters were not concentrated in a single area of the state but occurred along the Interstate 80 corridor.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/wsb.1543","usgsCitation":"Nixon, B., Evelsizer, V., and Klaver, R.W., 2024, Evaluating habitat use and relative abundance of Iowa's river otter with harvest data: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 48, no. 3, e1543, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1543.","productDescription":"e1543, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-155037","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":481061,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1543","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":480935,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"48","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nixon, Bridget A.","contributorId":348634,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nixon","given":"Bridget A.","affiliations":[{"id":6911,"text":"Iowa State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evelsizer, Vince","contributorId":348636,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evelsizer","given":"Vince","affiliations":[{"id":24495,"text":"Iowa Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klaver, Robert W. 0000-0002-3263-9701 bklaver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-9701","contributorId":3285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaver","given":"Robert","email":"bklaver@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":923666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70258302,"text":"70258302 - 2024 - MTAB 109, September 2024","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-11T14:52:37.164749","indexId":"70258302","displayToPublicDate":"2024-09-09T09:50:03","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":25,"text":"Newsletter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":30,"text":"Newsletter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":13451,"text":"Memo to All Banders (MTAB)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":30}},"title":"MTAB 109, September 2024","docAbstract":"This Memo to All Banders (MTAB 109) was released in September 2024. Subjects in this this memo are 1. The Chief’s Chirp; 2. Alerts – Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza and reminder that banders cannot submit data through Bandit, only manage data; 3. Staff updates – meeting reports; 4. News – Preserving 40+ years of legacy bird banding data and the BBL walks the walk for bird collisions; 5. A note from the permitting shelves – double check your authorizations; 6. A note from the supply room – remove rejected band transfers from the Portal, and a note on size 7A rivet bands; 7. Data management – taxa that include formerly recognize species and NABBP database species changes update; 8. Banding and encounter highlights; 9. Auxiliary marker corner – submit your data!; 10. Message to the Flyways - Gamebirds, Summer Flyways Council Meetings, and species code reminders; 11. Moments in history – a note on AOS Renaming; 12. Upcoming events; 13. Recent Publications; and 14. Request for information.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Harvey, K., and McKay, J.L., 2024, MTAB 109, September 2024: Memo to All Banders (MTAB), 15 p.","productDescription":"15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-170295","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":433695,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":433680,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.usgs.gov/media/files/mtab-109-September-2024","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, Kyra 0000-0003-4781-1874","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4781-1874","contributorId":296250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Kyra","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":912862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKay, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-8893-0231","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8893-0231","contributorId":296562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKay","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":912939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70258356,"text":"70258356 - 2024 - Onset and tempo of ignimbrite flare-up volcanism in the eastern and central Mogollon-Datil volcanic field, southern New Mexico, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-23T16:12:57.774325","indexId":"70258356","displayToPublicDate":"2024-09-09T09:39:13","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Onset and tempo of ignimbrite flare-up volcanism in the eastern and central Mogollon-Datil volcanic field, southern New Mexico, USA","docAbstract":"The Cenozoic ignimbrite flare-up (40–18 Ma) generated multiple volcanic fields in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico resulting from asthenospheric mantle upwelling after removal of the Farallon slab. The correlation of tuffs to one another and to source calderas within these volcanic fields is essential for determining spatiotemporal patterns in volcanism and magma geochemistry, which have been used to deduce migration of the Farallon slab at depth and associated mantle melting. However, the correlation of Eocene–Oligocene tuffs in the southwestern U.S. is difficult because of post-emplacement erosion and faulting. This study focuses on spatiotemporal patterns of the initial episode of ignimbrite flare-up activity (ca. 36.5–33.8 Ma) in the Mogollon-Datil volcanic field in south-central New Mexico, USA. We show that alkali feldspar major and trace element geochemistry is an effective tool for correlating tuffs when combined with high-precision, single-crystal 40Ar/39Ar geochronology and bulk-rock geochemistry. Using these data, we correlate several tuff units and differentiate other tuffs that have the same eruption age but very different geochemistry, and we conclude that there was a broadly northwestward migration in volcanism over time. The new tuff correlations are used to investigate spatiotemporal variations in magma geochemistry, erupted volumes, and recurrence intervals during the initial episode of Mogollon-Datil volcanic field volcanism. Early-erupted tuffs restricted to the eastern Mogollon-Datil volcanic field share similarities with western U.S. topaz rhyolites, which suggests that the silicic magmas were generated by partial melting of mafic lower crustal rocks. We also find differences in the compositions, crystallinities, and mineral assemblages between the early- and late-erupted tuffs. The early-erupted tuffs tend to have single-feldspar mineralogies, lower feldspar Or contents, large negative Eu anomalies, and low-whole–rock Ba concentrations. Conversely, late-erupted tuffs have two feldspar plus quartz assemblages, lesser Eu anomalies, higher whole-rock Ba concentrations, and feldspars have higher Or contents. Thus, we suggest that for some of the early eruptions, after magmas underwent crystal fractionation in the crust, the silicic melt largely separated from the crystalline mush prior to eruption, whereas late-erupted tuff magmas underwent crystal fractionation at near the eutectic minimum and were remobilized and erupted with a larger proportion of their crystalline mush. Using our new ages, correlations, and previously published data, we find that the initial phase of Mogollon-Datil volcanic field volcanism produced at least 15 eruptions between 36.5 Ma and 33.8 Ma, with a minimum total erupted volume of ~1350 km3 and an average recurrence interval of 170 k.y. However, eruptions were generally smaller in volume (most <15 km3) than in other coeval fields, and most eruptions (n = 11) occurred in the first 1.2 m.y. (ca. 36.5–35.3 Ma) of activity. Altogether, our work sheds new light on variations in the composition, timing, and migration of volcanism during the initial phase of Mogollon-Datil volcanic field activity and highlights the utility of feldspar geochemistry in both “fingerprinting” tuffs and elucidating magma evolution.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES02698.1","usgsCitation":"Vermillion, K.B., Johnson, E.R., Amato, J.M., Heizler, M.T., and Lente, J., 2024, Onset and tempo of ignimbrite flare-up volcanism in the eastern and central Mogollon-Datil volcanic field, southern New Mexico, USA: Geosphere, v. 20, no. 5, p. 1364-1389, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES02698.1.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"1364","endPage":"1389","ipdsId":"IP-155176","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":439171,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges02698.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":433721,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"eastern and central Mogollon-Datil volcanic field","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.333,\n 33.333\n ],\n [\n -108.333,\n 32.333\n ],\n [\n -106.333,\n 32.333\n ],\n [\n -106.333,\n 33.333\n ],\n [\n -108.333,\n 33.333\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vermillion, Karissa B.","contributorId":344167,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vermillion","given":"Karissa","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":36391,"text":"University of Houston","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":913028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Emily Renee 0000-0002-7967-6913","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7967-6913","contributorId":269628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"Renee","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":913029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Amato, Jeffrey M.","contributorId":247883,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amato","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":49682,"text":"Dept of Geolgical Sciences, New Mexico State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":913030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heizler, Matthew T.","contributorId":184261,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heizler","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":913031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lente, Jenna","contributorId":344168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lente","given":"Jenna","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":82311,"text":"Waste Isolation Pilot Plant","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":913032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70262793,"text":"70262793 - 2024 - Anthropogenic and environmental risk factors of salmonid predation in a tidal freshwater delta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-23T15:34:03.423513","indexId":"70262793","displayToPublicDate":"2024-09-09T09:26:07","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anthropogenic and environmental risk factors of salmonid predation in a tidal freshwater delta","docAbstract":"Climate change is leading to global increases in extreme events, such as drought, that threaten the persistence of freshwater biodiversity. Identification and management of drought refuges, areas that promote resistance and resilience to drought, will be critical for preserving and recovering aquatic biodiversity in the face of climate change and increasing human water use. Although several reviews have addressed the effects of droughts and highlighted the role of refuges, a need remains on how to identify functional refuges that can be used in a drought management framework to support fish assemblages. We synthesize literature on drought refuges and propose a framework to identify and manage functional refuges that incorporate species physiological tolerances, behaviours and life-history strategies. Stream pools, perennial reaches and off-channel habitat were identified as important drought refuges for fish. The ability of refuges to improve species resistance and resilience to drought requires careful consideration of the biology of the target species and targeted management to promote persistence, quality and connectivity of refuges. Case studies illustrate that management of drought refuges can be challenging because of competing demands for water, incomplete knowledge of ecological requirements for target species and the increasing occurrence of multi-year droughts. Climate adaptation is increasingly important, and drought refuges can increase fish resistance and resilience to climate-related drought across the riverscape.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/faf.12860","usgsCitation":"Walters, A.W., Clancy, N., Archdeacon, T.P., Yu, S., Rogosch, J.S., and Reiger, E., 2024, Refuge identification as a climate adaptation strategy to promote fish persistence during drought: Fish and Fisheries, v. 25, no. 6, p. 997-1008, https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12860.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"997","endPage":"1008","ipdsId":"IP-154638","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":492871,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12860","text":"External Repository"},{"id":492623,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walters, Annika W. 0000-0002-8638-6682 awalters@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8638-6682","contributorId":4190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Annika","email":"awalters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":943620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clancy, Niall G.","contributorId":279957,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clancy","given":"Niall G.","affiliations":[{"id":28050,"text":"USU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Archdeacon, Thomas P.","contributorId":317773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Archdeacon","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":69146,"text":"United States Fish and Wildlife Service, New Mexico Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office, 3800 Commons Ave, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87109, USA.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yu, Songyan","contributorId":340707,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yu","given":"Songyan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":943623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rogosch, Jane S. 0000-0002-1748-4991","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1748-4991","contributorId":317717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogosch","given":"Jane","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":943624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reiger, E.A.","contributorId":358384,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reiger","given":"E.A.","affiliations":[{"id":36628,"text":"University of Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70258621,"text":"70258621 - 2024 - Mantle melting in regions of thick continental lithosphere: Examples from Late Cretaceous and younger volcanic rocks, Southern Rocky Mountains, Colorado (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-07T16:37:46.120127","indexId":"70258621","displayToPublicDate":"2024-09-09T07:03:58","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mantle melting in regions of thick continental lithosphere: Examples from Late Cretaceous and younger volcanic rocks, Southern Rocky Mountains, Colorado (USA)","docAbstract":"Major- and trace-element data together with Nd and Sr isotopic compositions and 40Ar/39Ar age determinations were obtained for Late Cretaceous and younger volcanic rocks from north-central Colorado, USA, in the Southern Rocky Mountains to assess the sources of mantle-derived melts in a region underlain by thick (≥150 km) continental lithosphere. Trachybasalt to trachyandesite lava flows and volcanic cobbles of the Upper Cretaceous Windy Gap Volcanic Member of the Middle Park Formation have low εNd(t) values from −3.4 to −13, 87Sr/86Sr(t) from ~0.705 to ~0.707, high large ion lithophile element/high field strength element ratios, and low Ta/Th (≤0.2) values. These characteristics are consistent with the production of mafic melts during the Late Cretaceous to early Cenozoic Laramide orogeny through flux melting of asthenosphere above shallowly subducting and dehydrating oceanic lithosphere of the Farallon plate, followed by the interaction of these melts with preexisting, low εNd(t), continental lithospheric mantle during ascent. This scenario requires that asthenospheric melting occurred beneath continental lithosphere as thick as 200 km, in accordance with mantle xenoliths entrained in localized Devonian-age kimberlites. Such depths are consistent with the abundances of heavy rare earth elements (Yb, Sc) in the Laramide volcanic rocks, which require parental melts derived from garnet-bearing mantle source rocks. New 40Ar/39Ar ages from the Rabbit Ears and Elkhead Mountains volcanic fields confirm that mafic magmatism was reestablished in this region ca. 28 Ma after a hiatus of over 30 m.y. and that the locus of volcanism migrated to the west through time. These rocks have εNd(t) and 87Sr/86Sr(t) values equivalent to their older counterparts (−3.5 to −13 and 0.7038–0.7060, respectively), but they have higher average chondrite-normalized La/Yb values (~22 vs. ~10), and, for the Rabbit Ears volcanic field, higher and more variable Ta/Th values (0.29–0.43). The latter are general characteristics of all other post– 40 Ma volcanic rocks in north-central Colorado for which literature data are available. Transitions from low to intermediate Ta/Th mafic volcanism occurred diachronously across southwest North America and are interpreted to have been a consequence of melting of continental lithospheric mantle previously metasomatized by aqueous fluids derived from the underthrusted Farallon plate. Melting occurred as remnants of the Farallon plate were removed and the continental lithospheric mantle was conductively heated by upwelling asthenosphere. A similar model can be applied to post–40 Ma magmatism in north-central Colorado, with periodic, east to west, removal of stranded remnants of the Farallon plate from the base of the continental lithospheric mantle accounting for the production, and western migration, of volcanism. The estimated depth of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary in north-central Colorado (~150 km) indicates that the lithosphere remains too thick to allow widespread melting of upwelling asthenosphere even after lithospheric thinning in the Cenozoic. The preservation of thick continental lithospheric mantle may account for the absence of oceanic-island basalt–like basaltic volcanism (high Ta/Th values of ~1 and εNd[t] > 0), in contrast to areas of southwest North America that experienced larger-magnitude extension and lithosphere thinning, where oceanic-island basalt–like late Cenozoic basalts are common.
Migratory shorebirds are one of the fastest declining groups of North American avifauna. Yet, relatively little is known about how these species select habitat during migration. We explored the habitat selection of Buff-breasted Sandpipers (Calidris subruficollis) during spring and fall migration through the Texas Coastal Plain, a major stopover region for this species. Using tracking data from 118 birds compiled over 4 years, we found Buff-breasted Sandpipers selected intensively managed crops such as sod and short-stature crop fields, but generally avoided rangeland and areas near trees and shrubs. This work supports prior studies that also indicate the importance of short-stature vegetation for this species. Use of sod and corn varied by season, with birds preferring sod in spring, and avoiding corn when it is tall, but selecting for corn in fall after harvest. This dependence on cropland in the Texas Coastal Plain is contrary to habitat use observed in other parts of their non-breeding range, where rangelands are used extensively. The species' almost complete reliance on a highly specialized crop, sod, at this critical stopover site raises concerns about potential exposure to contaminants as well as questions about whether current management practices are providing suitable conditions for migratory grassland birds.