{"pageNumber":"134","pageRowStart":"3325","pageSize":"25","recordCount":6234,"records":[{"id":53354,"text":"wdrKS021 - 2003 - Water Resources Data, Kansas, Water Year 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:25","indexId":"wdrKS021","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"KS-02-1","title":"Water Resources Data, Kansas, Water Year 2002","docAbstract":"Water-resources data for the 2002 water year for Kansas consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; elevation and contents of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels of ground-water wells. This report contains records for water discharge at 149 complete-record gaging stations; elevation and contents at 20 lakes and reservoirs; waterquality records at 2 precipitation stations, water-level data at 18 observation wells; and records of specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity at 11 gaging stations. Also included are discharge data for 26 high-flow partial-record stations, miscellaneous onsite water-quality data collected at 142 stations, and suspended-sediment concentration for 12 stations. These data represent that part of the National Water Information System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with local, State, and Federal agencies in Kansas.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrKS021","usgsCitation":"Putnam, J., and Schneider, D., 2003, Water Resources Data, Kansas, Water Year 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report KS-02-1, 539 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrKS021.","productDescription":"539 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179124,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5076,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wdr-ks-02-1/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb7f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Putnam, J.E.","contributorId":54634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Putnam","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schneider, D.R.","contributorId":67579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":53681,"text":"ofr03348 - 2003 - Flow Velocity, Water Temperature, and Conductivity in Shark River Slough, Everglades National Park, Florida: August 2001-June 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:25","indexId":"ofr03348","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-348","title":"Flow Velocity, Water Temperature, and Conductivity in Shark River Slough, Everglades National Park, Florida: August 2001-June 2002","docAbstract":"The data-collection effort described in this report is in support of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Place-Based Studies project investigating 'Forcing Effects on Flow Structure in Vegetated Wetlands of the Everglades.' Data collected at four locations in Shark River Slough, Everglades National Park, during the 2001-2002 wet season are documented in the report and methods used to process the data are described. Daily mean flow velocities, water temperatures, and specific conductance values are presented in the appendices of the report. The quality-checked and edited data have been compiled and stored on the USGS South Florida Information Access (SOFIA) website http://sofia.usgs.gov.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr03348","usgsCitation":"Riscassi, A.L., and Schaffranek, R.W., 2003, Flow Velocity, Water Temperature, and Conductivity in Shark River Slough, Everglades National Park, Florida: August 2001-June 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-348, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03348.","productDescription":"45 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5000,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr03348/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":178755,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5df6b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riscassi, Ami L.","contributorId":24399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riscassi","given":"Ami","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schaffranek, Raymond W.","contributorId":86314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaffranek","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":53745,"text":"fs06103 - 2003 - Flooding Associated with Typhoon Chata'an, July 5, 2002, Guam","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:16","indexId":"fs06103","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"061-03","title":"Flooding Associated with Typhoon Chata'an, July 5, 2002, Guam","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nOn July 5, 2002, starting at about 8 a.m., the southern half of the eye of Typhoon Chata'an passed directly over the northern part of the island of Guam. Data collected on Guam indicate that the typhoon had sustained winds of 85 to 90 miles per hour (mi/hr) with gusts of up to 115 mi/hr (Charles Guard, National Weather Service, written commun., 2003). Storm rainfall totals exceeded 21 inches (in.) over the mountainous areas in south-central Guam. During the peak of the storm, rain fell at rates of up to 6.48 inches per hour (in/hr). Because of the damage caused by Typhoon Chata'an, the President signed a major disaster declaration on July 6, 2002.\r\n\r\nDamages associated with Typhoon Chata'an, while considered moderate relative to other storms that have affected Guam, amounted to several tens of millions of dollars. In excess of 1,000 single-family and multi-family homes were either extensively damaged or destroyed. Electrical power was out for several days over most of the island and no potable water was available through public distribution systems (Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2002). The extreme rainfall led to flooding in southern Guam and caused numerous landslides and severe erosion along water courses. The most significant evidence of these effects could be found in the Fena Valley Reservoir, where elevated sediment concentrations made the water unsuitable for use as a domestic water supply for several days. During normal operation, Fena Valley Reservoir supplies most of the drinking water for the military and some of the general public in southern Guam. All of the stream-gaging stations operated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) on Guam were damaged to some extent during the flood and three of the stations were totally destroyed.\r\n\r\nPeak flows in many rivers in southern Guam reached record levels during Typhoon Chata'an. New record peak stages and/or flows of record occurred at 14 of 15 sites where the USGS has collected data. In some areas, the magnitude of flood peaks exceeded previous records significantly. Peak flows had recurrence intervals of 80 years or more at 9 of the 13 sites where sufficient data were available to make the computations. Four of the 9 sites had recurrence intervals that were determined to be greater than 100 years.\r\n\r\nIn this fact sheet, storm rainfall totals and maximum rainfall totals for durations of 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-hours are summarized for 12 rain gages on Guam. Peak stages and/or flows were computed at 15 USGS streamflow-gaging stations and recurrence intervals for the peaks determined. Rainfall and streamflow-gaging stations operated by the USGS on Guam are supported by funding provided by numerous agencies including the U.S. Navy, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), and the University of Guam through the Water and Environmental Research Institute (WERI). The USGS Office of Surface Water, as part of a national program to document the effects of extreme floods in the United States, provided funding to support the preparation of this fact sheet.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs06103","usgsCitation":"Fontaine, R.A., 2003, Flooding Associated with Typhoon Chata'an, July 5, 2002, Guam: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 061-03, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs06103.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125767,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_061_03.jpg"},{"id":5146,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/fs-061-03/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 144.58333333333334,13.25 ], [ 144.58333333333334,13.75 ], [ 145,13.75 ], [ 145,13.25 ], [ 144.58333333333334,13.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4ff8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fontaine, Richard A. rfontain@usgs.gov","contributorId":2379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fontaine","given":"Richard","email":"rfontain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":248286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":54020,"text":"ofr03454 - 2003 - Water temperature, streamflow, and ground-water elevation in and adjacent to the Russian river between Hopland and Guerneville, California from 1998-2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-11T07:19:47","indexId":"ofr03454","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-454","title":"Water temperature, streamflow, and ground-water elevation in and adjacent to the Russian river between Hopland and Guerneville, California from 1998-2002","docAbstract":"Temperature, water level elevation, stage height, and river discharge data for this report were collected in and adjacent to the Russian River from Hopland to Guerneville, CA over a four-year period from 1998 to 2002 to establish baselines for long-term water quality, water supply and habitat. Data files presented in this report were collected by the USGS and the Sonoma County Water Agency's Engineering Resource and Planning, and Natural Resource Divisions.  Temperature data were collected in single-channel submersible microloggers or temperature data were collected simultaneously with water-elevation data in dual-channel down-hole data loggers.  Stream stage and streamflow data were collected at USGS stream gaging stations located near Hopland, Healdsburg, and Guerneville over a 130 km reach of the Russian River.  During the period of record stream flow ranged from 3 to 1458 m3/s.  Stream temperature ranged from 8 to 29 oC while groundwater temperature ranged from 10 to 38 oC.  Stream stage varied 5 m seasonly, while ground-water level varied 19 m over the same time scale.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr03454","usgsCitation":"Cox, M.H., and Hatch, C., 2003, Water temperature, streamflow, and ground-water elevation in and adjacent to the Russian river between Hopland and Guerneville, California from 1998-2002: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-454, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03454.","productDescription":"39 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":182038,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5460,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr03-454/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Mendocino County, Sonoma County","city":"Hopland, 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Marisa H.","contributorId":52146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Marisa","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatch, Christine","contributorId":43035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Christine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":54072,"text":"wdrCA022 - 2003 - Water Resources Data--California, Water Year 2002, Volume 2, Pacific Slope Basins from Arroyo Grande to Oregon State Line except Central Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:37","indexId":"wdrCA022","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"CA-02-2","title":"Water Resources Data--California, Water Year 2002, Volume 2, Pacific Slope Basins from Arroyo Grande to Oregon State Line except Central Valley","docAbstract":"Water-resources data for the 2002 water year for California consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams, stage and contents in lakes and reservoirs, and water levels and water quality in wells. Volume 2 contains discharge records for 133 gaging stations, stage and contents for 8 lakes and reservoirs, gage-height records for 6 stations, water quality for 43 streamflow-gaging stations and 5 partial-record stations. Also included are data for 1 low-flow partial-record station, and 5 miscellaneous-measurement stations. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in California.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrCA022","usgsCitation":"Freeman, L., Smithson, J., Webster, M., Pope, G., and Friebel, M., 2003, Water Resources Data--California, Water Year 2002, Volume 2, Pacific Slope Basins from Arroyo Grande to Oregon State Line except Central Valley: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report CA-02-2, 504 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrCA022.","productDescription":"504 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177966,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5513,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wdrca022/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69955b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freeman, L.A.","contributorId":86374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smithson, J.R.","contributorId":41073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smithson","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Webster, M.D.","contributorId":68385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webster","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pope, G.L.","contributorId":58692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Friebel, M.F.","contributorId":23207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friebel","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":54085,"text":"wdrTX021 - 2003 - Water resources data Texas, water year 2002, volume 1. Arkansas River basin, Red River basin, Sabine River basin, Neches River basin, and intervening coastal basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T11:08:26","indexId":"wdrTX021","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"TX-02-1","title":"Water resources data Texas, water year 2002, volume 1. Arkansas River basin, Red River basin, Sabine River basin, Neches River basin, and intervening coastal basins","docAbstract":"Water-resources data for the 2002 water year for Texas are presented in six volumes and consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams and canals; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality of ground-water wells. Volume 1 contains records for water discharge at 63 gaging stations; stage only at 3 gaging stations; stage and contents at 34 lakes and reservoirs; water quality at 35 gaging stations; and data for 8 partial-record stations comprised of 6 flood-hydrograph and 2 low-flow stations. Also included are lists of discontinued surface-water discharge or stage-only stations and discontinued surface-water-quality stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data-collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating Federal, State, and local agencies in Texas. Records for a few pertinent stations in the bordering States also are included.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrTX021","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Texas and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Gandara, S.C., 2003, Water resources data Texas, water year 2002, volume 1. Arkansas River basin, Red River basin, Sabine River basin, Neches River basin, and intervening coastal basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report TX-02-1, HTML Document; Report: xxxii, 479 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrTX021.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Report: xxxii, 479 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":178187,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334004,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/WDR-TX-02-1/pdf/VOL1-2002.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":5525,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/WDR-TX-02-1/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      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,{"id":44894,"text":"wri024196 - 2003 - Investigation of water quality in the Great Sand Dunes National Monument and Preserve, Saguache County, Colorado, February 1999 through September 2000: Qualifying for outstanding waters designation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:13","indexId":"wri024196","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4196","title":"Investigation of water quality in the Great Sand Dunes National Monument and Preserve, Saguache County, Colorado, February 1999 through September 2000: Qualifying for outstanding waters designation","docAbstract":"Great Sand Dunes National Monument and Preserve is located on the eastern side of the San Luis Valley in south-central Colorado. The monument covers 60.4 square miles in Saguache and Alamosa Counties and lies at the base of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, where a unique combination of climate, topography, and hydrology has created and maintained the Nation?s tallest inland sand dunes. The Sangre de Cristo Mountains, which rise to more than 14,000 feet to the north and east of the dunes, are the source of several streams that flow around the dunes and eventually recharge the aquifer beneath the valley. Sand Creek and Medano Creeks are the largest of the streams in the monument that originate in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains; several ephemeral streams flow into Sand Creek and Medano Creek. Maintaining the high surface-water quality in the Great Sand Dunes National Monument and Preserve is identified as a critical issue by the National Park Service. Additionally, the National Park Service has indicated a desire to pursue an Outstanding Waters Designation, which offers the highest level of water-quality protection available under the Clean Water Act and Colorado regulations. This designation is designed to prevent any degradation from existing conditions (Chatman and others, 1997). Assessment is needed to evaluate whether the water quality of the streams in the monument meets the requirements for an Outstanding Waters Designation. Historically, prospecting and mining activities have occurred in the watersheds of Sand and Medano Creeks; currently, however, there is no mining activity in those watersheds. In addition, the camping and recreation that occur upstream from the monument on national preserve lands and water activities that occur in Medano Creek during the summer are a potential source of human-waste contamination.  Figure 1. Location of study area, sampling sites, and indication of sites that meet or exceed instream standards. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the National Park Service, investigated the water quality at 15 sites (fig. 1) from February 1999 through September 2000 to identify baseline water-quality conditions and to determine if the water met standards to qualify for the Outstanding Waters Designation. This report describes current water-quality conditions in streams in the monument and compares the water-quality data to Colorado instream standards to assist the State of Colorado Water Quality Control Commission in the determination of qualification for Outstanding Waters Designation.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024196","usgsCitation":"Ferguson, S.A., 2003, Investigation of water quality in the Great Sand Dunes National Monument and Preserve, Saguache County, Colorado, February 1999 through September 2000: Qualifying for outstanding waters designation: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4196, 8 p. : ill., map ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024196.","productDescription":"8 p. : ill., map ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":169966,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3787,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024196","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4783e4b07f02db483888","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferguson, Sheryl A.","contributorId":78698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferguson","given":"Sheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":51456,"text":"ofr03104 - 2003 - Estimates of deep percolation beneath native vegetation, irrigated fields, and the Amargosa-River Channel, Amargosa Desert, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-10T06:39:14","indexId":"ofr03104","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-104","title":"Estimates of deep percolation beneath native vegetation, irrigated fields, and the Amargosa-River Channel, Amargosa Desert, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>The presence and approximate rates of deep percolation beneath areas of native vegetation, irrigated fields, and the Amargosa-River channel in the Amargosa Desert of southern Nevada were evaluated using the chloride mass-balance method and inferred downward velocities of chloride and nitrate peaks. Estimates of deep-percolation rates in the Amargosa Desert are needed for the analysis of regional ground-water flow and transport. An understanding of regional flow patterns is important because ground water originating on the Nevada Test Site may pass through the area before discharging from springs at lower elevations in the Amargosa Desert and in Death Valley. Nine boreholes 10 to 16 meters deep were cored nearly continuously using a hollow-stem auger designed for gravelly sediments. Two boreholes were drilled in each of three irrigated fields in the Amargosa-Farms area, two in the Amargosa-River channel, and one in an undisturbed area of native vegetation. Data from previously cored boreholes beneath undisturbed, native vegetation were compared with the new data to further assess deep percolation under current climatic conditions and provide information on spatial variability.</p><p>The profiles beneath native vegetation were characterized by large amounts of accumulated chloride just below the root zone with almost no further accumulation at greater depths. This pattern is typical of profiles beneath interfluvial areas in arid alluvial basins of the southwestern United States, where salts have been accumulating since the end of the Pleistocene. The profiles beneath irrigated fields and the Amargosa-River channel contained more than twice the volume of water compared to profiles beneath native vegetation, consistent with active deep percolation beneath these sites. Chloride profiles beneath two older fields (cultivated since the 1960’s) as well as the upstream Amargosa-River site were indicative of long-term, quasi-steady deep percolation. Chloride profiles beneath the newest field (cultivated since 1993), the downstream Amargosa-River site, and the edge of an older field were indicative of recently active deep percolation moving previously accumulated salts from the upper profile to greater depths.</p><p>Results clearly indicate that deep percolation and ground-water recharge occur not only beneath areas of irrigation but also beneath ephemeral stream channels, despite the arid climate and infrequency of runoff. Rates of deep percolation beneath irrigated fields ranged from 0.1 to 0.5 m/yr. Estimated rates of deep percolation beneath the Amargosa-River channel ranged from 0.02 to 0.15 m/yr. Only a few decades are needed for excess irrigation water to move through the unsaturated zone and recharge ground water. Assuming vertical, one-dimensional flow, the estimated time for irrigation-return flow to reach the water table beneath the irrigated fields ranged from about 10 to 70 years. In contrast, infiltration from present-day runoff takes centuries to move through the unsaturated zone and reach the water table. The estimated time for water to reach the water table beneath the channel ranged from 140 to 1000 years. These values represent minimum times, as they do not take lateral flow into account. The estimated fraction of irrigation water becoming deep percolation averaged 8 to 16 percent. Similar fractions of infiltration from ephemeral flow events were estimated to become deep percolation beneath the normally dry Amargosa-River channel. In areas where flood-induced channel migration occurs at sub-centennial frequencies, residence times in the unsaturated zone beneath the Amargosa channel could be longer. Estimates of deep percolation presented herein provide a basis for evaluating the importance of recharge from irrigation and channel infiltration in models of ground-water flow from the Nevada Test Site.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/ofr03104","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nevada Operations Office, U.S. Department of Energy, under Interagency Agreement DE - AI08 - 96NV11967 ","usgsCitation":"Stonestrom, D.A., Prudic, D.E., Laczniak, R.J., Akstin, K.C., Boyd, R., and Henkelman, K.K., 2003, Estimates of deep percolation beneath native vegetation, irrigated fields, and the Amargosa-River Channel, Amargosa Desert, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-104, 88 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03104.","productDescription":"88 p.","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":179304,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4464,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr03-104/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","otherGeospatial":"Amargosa Desert","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-115.9082,39.1615],[-115.5191,38.9578],[-115.4725,38.9325],[-115.4433,38.9162],[-115.3694,38.8769],[-115.363,38.874],[-115.242,38.8093],[-115.0969,38.7309],[-115.0777,38.721],[-115.0604,38.7107],[-115.0291,38.6937],[-114.999,38.6777],[-114.9996,38.592],[-114.9997,38.4315],[-114.9994,38.3894],[-115.0004,38.0507],[-115.1185,38.0508],[-115.1436,38.0508],[-115.326,38.0515],[-115.3453,38.0514],[-115.4003,38.051],[-115.4587,38.0506],[-115.6394,38.0512],[-115.6581,38.051],[-115.8404,38.0504],[-115.8931,38.0507],[-115.8938,37.723],[-115.8969,37.5498],[-115.8975,37.2796],[-115.8982,37.1926],[-115.8942,36.8425],[-115.8941,36.686],[-115.8945,36.6702],[-115.8949,36.598],[-115.8949,36.5962],[-115.8946,36.5858],[-115.8947,36.5005],[-115.8945,36.4806],[-115.8949,36.462],[-115.8944,36.457],[-115.8948,36.3087],[-115.8945,36.2923],[-115.8943,36.1957],[-115.8945,36.1608],[-115.8948,36.1163],[-115.8948,36.0927],[-115.895,36.0015],[-115.9178,36.0192],[-115.9518,36.0457],[-115.9925,36.0773],[-116.049,36.1211],[-116.0624,36.1314],[-116.1039,36.1636],[-116.1287,36.1829],[-116.1702,36.2152],[-116.173,36.2174],[-116.2311,36.2626],[-116.2834,36.3028],[-116.2954,36.3122],[-116.3752,36.373],[-116.5107,36.4764],[-116.5247,36.4871],[-116.5589,36.5131],[-116.574,36.5245],[-116.5946,36.54],[-116.6556,36.5867],[-116.6583,36.5888],[-116.6764,36.6024],[-116.706,36.6248],[-116.7895,36.6877],[-116.8424,36.7276],[-116.8453,36.7298],[-116.8806,36.7568],[-116.8912,36.7648],[-116.9237,36.7891],[-116.9641,36.8193],[-116.9783,36.8299],[-116.981,36.8319],[-117.0046,36.8495],[-117.164,36.9688],[-117.1639,36.9698],[-117.1637,37.0182],[-117.164,37.0894],[-117.1642,37.171],[-117.1641,37.1909],[-117.1641,37.1936],[-117.1665,37.6995],[-117.1664,37.714],[-117.1663,37.7285],[-117.1663,37.7435],[-117.1662,37.7585],[-117.1657,38.0019],[-117.2198,38.0482],[-117.2397,38.0483],[-117.239,38.0641],[-117.2408,38.0705],[-117.2653,38.0932],[-117.6896,38.4731],[-118.0197,38.7599],[-118.197,38.9154],[-118.1972,38.9993],[-117.8559,39.0746],[-117.7748,39.092],[-117.7008,39.1058],[-117.6409,39.1149],[-117.5946,39.1231],[-117.4742,39.1431],[-117.3823,39.1562],[-117.3609,39.1585],[-117.3318,39.1629],[-117.3063,39.1634],[-117.2849,39.1633],[-117.1995,39.1632],[-117.0856,39.1628],[-117.0322,39.1626],[-117.0144,39.1626],[-116.9871,39.1625],[-116.9158,39.1631],[-116.7562,39.1622],[-116.7301,39.1625],[-116.5996,39.1616],[-116.5859,39.162],[-116.4815,39.1616],[-116.3497,39.1618],[-116.2358,39.1616],[-116.0548,39.1624],[-115.9082,39.1615]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Nye\",\"state\":\"NV\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcb37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stonestrom, David A. 0000-0001-7883-3385 dastones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3385","contributorId":2280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonestrom","given":"David","email":"dastones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":243632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prudic, David E. deprudic@usgs.gov","contributorId":3430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prudic","given":"David","email":"deprudic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":243633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Laczniak, Randell J.","contributorId":90687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laczniak","given":"Randell","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Akstin, Katherine C.","contributorId":88023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akstin","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boyd, Robert A.","contributorId":16491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyd","given":"Robert A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Henkelman, Katherine K.","contributorId":26751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henkelman","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":31579,"text":"ofr0232 - 2002 - Habitat assessment, Missouri River at Hermann, Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-06T15:07:20.343792","indexId":"ofr0232","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-01T16:20:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-32","displayTitle":"Habitat Assessment, Missouri River at Hermann, Missouri","title":"Habitat assessment, Missouri River at Hermann, Missouri","docAbstract":"<p>This report documents methods and results of aquatic habitat assessment in the Missouri River near Hermann, Missouri. The assessment is intended to improve understanding of spatial and temporal variability of aquatic habitat, including habitats thought to be critical for the endangered pallid sturgeon (<i>Scaphirhynchus albus</i>). Physical aquatic habitat – depth, velocity, and substrate – was assessed around 9 wing dikes and adjacent to the U.S. Route 19 bridge, at discharges varying from 44,000 cubic feet per second (cfs) to 146, 000 cfs during August 2000 – May, 2001. For the river as a whole, velocities are bi-modally distributed with distinct peaks relating to navigation channel and wing-dike environments. Velocities predictably showed an increasing trend with increasing discharge. Substrate within wing dikes was dominated by mud at low discharges, whereas the navigation channel had patches of transporting sand, rippled sand, and coarse sand. Discharges that overtopped the wing dikes (about 93,000 cfs, March 2001) were associated with increases of patchy sand, rippled sand, and coarse sand within the wing dikes. When flows were substantially over the wing dikes (146,000 cfs, May 2001) substrates within most wing dikes showed substantial reorganization and coarsening.</p><p>The habitat assessment provides a geospatial database that can be used to query wing dikes for distributions of depth, velocity, and substrate for comparison with fish samples collected by US Fish and Wildlife Service biologists (Grady and others, 2001). In addition, the assessment documented spatial and temporal variation in habitat within the Hermann reach and over a range of discharges. Measurable geomorphic change – alteration of substrate conditions plus substantial erosion and deposition – was associated with flows equaled or exceeded 12–40% of the time (40–140 days per year). Documented geomorphic change associated with high-frequency flows underscores the natural temporal variability of physical habitat in the Lower Missouri River.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr0232","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Jacobson, R.B., Laustrup, M.S., and Reuter, J.M., 2002, Habitat assessment, Missouri River at Hermann, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002—32, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0232.","productDescription":"Report: 22 p.; 2 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160577,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0032/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":7895,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0032/ofr20020032_appendix2.pdf","text":"Appendix 2","size":"908 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Reach Map"},{"id":7894,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0032/ofr20020032_appendix1.pdf","text":"Appendix 1","size":"61.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Dike Field Maps"},{"id":376076,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0032/ofr20020032.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.19 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2002-32"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","city":"Hermann","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.10937499999999,\n              38.348118547988065\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.41473388671875,\n              38.348118547988065\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.41473388671875,\n              38.79904887985135\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.10937499999999,\n              38.79904887985135\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.10937499999999,\n              38.348118547988065\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/cerc\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/cerc\">Columbia Environmental Research Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>4200 New Haven Road<br>Columbia, MO 65201</p><p><a href=\"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Purpose and Scope</li><li>Methods</li><li>Results</li><li>Conclusions</li><li>Acknowledgments</li><li>References Cited</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"publishedDate":"2002-04-01","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6496af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacobson, Robert B. 0000-0002-8368-2064 rjacobson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":1289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Robert","email":"rjacobson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Laustrup, Mark S.","contributorId":31028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laustrup","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reuter, Joanna M.","contributorId":50179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reuter","given":"Joanna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":33035,"text":"wri024044 - 2002 - Estimation of nitrogen yields and loads from basins draining to Long Island Sound, 1988–98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-19T14:25:06.51257","indexId":"wri024044","displayToPublicDate":"2020-04-30T13:05:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4044","displayTitle":"Estimation of Nitrogen Yields and Loads from Basins Draining to Long Island Sound, 1988–98","title":"Estimation of nitrogen yields and loads from basins draining to Long Island Sound, 1988–98","docAbstract":"Monitoring data on total nitrogen concentrations\r\nand streamflow were used to estimate annual\r\nnonpoint nitrogen loads for 1988?98 at 28 monitoring\r\nsites and 26 unmonitored basins that drain\r\nto Long Island Sound. The estimated total nitrogen\r\nyields at monitoring sites were used with basin\r\ncharacteristics and ancillary data to develop a\r\nmultiple-linear regression equation to estimate\r\nnonpoint nitrogen yields from monitored and\r\nunmonitored basins. The estimated nonpoint\r\nnitrogen load to Long Island Sound from the\r\nbasins studied ranged from 21 million pounds in\r\nwater year 1995 to 50 million pounds in water year\r\n1990.\r\nStatistically significant regression variables\r\ninclude time, population density, annual mean\r\nrunoff (minus wastewater return flow), pointsource\r\nnitrogen yields, percentage of basin area\r\nclassified as urban/recreational grasses,\r\npercentage of the basin classified as agricultural\r\nland, and the ratio of deciduous to total forest area.\r\nNonpoint nitrogen loads from monitored and\r\nunmonitored basins were computed using the\r\nregression equation by setting the point-source\r\nnitrogen yields and wastewater return variables to\r\nzero, and incorporating streamflow information\r\nfrom index stations in or near unmonitored basins.\r\nNonpoint nitrogen load information obtained\r\nthrough use of this equation was summarized by\r\nsix Long Island Sound management zones.\r\nEstimates of nonpoint nitrogen loads from\r\nthese basins can be improved by additional\r\nsampling, and by developing data on nitrogen\r\nloads from municipal wastewater-treatment facilities\r\noutside of Connecticut, compiling information\r\non annual interbasin diversions of flow, studying\r\ninstream losses of nitrogen, and analyzing the\r\nprocessing and storage of atmospheric nitrogen in\r\ndifferent forest types.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri024044","usgsCitation":"Mullaney, J.R., Schwarz, G.E., Trench, E.C.T., 2002, Estimation of nitrogen yields and loads from basins draining to Long Island Sound, 1988–98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4044, 84 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024044.","productDescription":"viii, 84 p.","numberOfPages":"94","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126797,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4044/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":3206,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4044/wri20024044.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.82 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2002-4044"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73.861083984375,\n              40.85537053192494\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.98193359375,\n              40.74725696280421\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.828125,\n              40.74725696280421\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.377685546875,\n              40.79717741518766\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.18017578125,\n              40.9218144123785\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.35620117187499,\n              41.18692242290296\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.455078125,\n              41.42625319507269\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.96044921875,\n              41.42625319507269\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.982177734375,\n              41.343824581185686\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.773193359375,\n              41.0130657870063\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.861083984375,\n              40.85537053192494\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"dc_nweng@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"dc_nweng@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/new-england-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/new-england-water\">New England Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>10 Bearfoot Road<br>Northborough, MA 01532</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Data Collection and Analysis</li><li>Nitrogen Loads and Yields from Basins Draining to Long Island Sound, 1988-98</li><li>Information to Improve Nitrogen Load Estimates</li><li>Summary and Conclusions</li><li>References Cited</li><li>Appendix 1. Parameter estimates and coefficient of determination for explanatory variables used in ESTIMATOR total nitrogen load calculations at monitoring stations in basins draining to Long Island Sound</li><li>Appendix 2. Model calibration and prediction</li><li>Appendix 3. Regression model input data and nitrogen loads from monitored basins draining to Long Island Sound, 1988–98</li><li>Appendix 4. Nonpoint nitrogen yields and 90-percent confidence intervals for unmonitored and monitored basins draining to Long Island Sound, 1988–98</li><li>Appendix 5. Estimates of total nitrogen load from municipal wastewater-treatment facilities (1998) and estimates of return flow (1990) used in multiple regression analysis</li></ul>","publishedDate":"2002-06-01","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667ab6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mullaney, John R. 0000-0003-4936-5046 jmullane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4936-5046","contributorId":1957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullaney","given":"John","email":"jmullane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwarz, Gregory E. 0000-0002-9239-4566 gschwarz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9239-4566","contributorId":218266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarz","given":"Gregory E.","email":"gschwarz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":209745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trench, Elaine C. Todd etrench@usgs.gov","contributorId":4557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trench","given":"Elaine","email":"etrench@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C. Todd","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":209744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70179679,"text":"70179679 - 2002 - Level I water-quality inventory and monitoring, Richmond National Battlefield Park, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-19T14:45:25","indexId":"70179679","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5187,"text":"National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring Program","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"title":"Level I water-quality inventory and monitoring, Richmond National Battlefield Park, Virginia","docAbstract":"<p><span>The U.S. Geological Survey conducted a Level I Water-Quality Inventory and Monitoring (WAQIM) data-collection effort for Richmond National Battlefield Park (Richmond NBP) from August 2001 through April 2002. The primary objective of the WAQIM program was to provide the National Park Service (NPS) and Richmond NBP with at least a nominal inventory of its natural resources and to provide those data in a data-management system consistent with park management needs. Water-quality inventory data (physical, chemical, and biological) were collected from \"key\" water bodies within the boundaries of Richmond NBP. The key water bodies are those waters within park boundaries that are essential to the central cultural, historical or natural resources management themes of the parks or provide habitats to threatened or endangered plants and animals. Data were collected during the fall, winter, spring, and summer over a range of hydrologic conditions. 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,{"id":53430,"text":"wri024132 - 2002 - Ground-Water Resource Assessment in the Rio Grande de Manati Alluvial Plain, Rio Arriba Saliente Area, Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:58","indexId":"wri024132","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4132","title":"Ground-Water Resource Assessment in the Rio Grande de Manati Alluvial Plain, Rio Arriba Saliente Area, Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"The alluvial aquifer within a 160-acre area of the Rio Grande de Manati alluvial plain was investigated to evaluate its potential as a water-supply source for the Barrios Rio Arriba Saliente and Pugnado Afuera, municipio of Manati, Puerto Rico. Analysis of well boring samples and the results of electric resistivity surveys indicate that the average thickness of the unconsolidated alluvial deposits in the study area is about 100 to 110 feet. The alluvium is a mixture of sand and gravel, which generally has a porosity of 0.2 to 0.35. Short-duration pump tests in small-diameter piezometers indicate that the alluvial aquifer has a hydraulic conductivity of about 200 feet per day and a transmissivity of about 7,900 feet squared per day. \r\n\r\nAnalyses of water levels in piezometers, combined with stage measurements at a series of surveyed reference points along the Rio Grande de Manati channel, indicate that the water-table gradient in the alluvial aquifer is about 0.001, and that ground-water flow is generally from south to north, in the general direction of river flow. The water-table data indicate that the Rio Grande de Manati is the principal source of ground-water recharge to the alluvial aquifer in the study area. Because base flow for the Rio Grande de Manati is usually greater than 44 cubic feet per second, a continuous withdrawal rate of 0.5 to 1.0 cubic foot per second (225 to 450 gallons per minute) from a production well is possible. \r\n\r\nChemical analysis of a ground-water sample indicates that the alluvial aquifer water meets U.S. Environmental Protection Agency secondary standards for selected constituents. Bacteriological analysis of ground-water samples indicates that the ground water contains little or no fecal coliform or fecal streptococcus bacteria. Although long-term data from upstream of the study area indicate high levels of fecal coliform and fecal streptococcus prior to 1996, bacteriological analyses of Rio Grande de Manati water samples obtained during the present study indicate that fecal coliform and fecal streptococcus concentrations are within the standards for surface water intended for use (or with the potential for use) as a raw source of public water supply in Puerto Rico. \r\n\r\nIf a production well were constructed in the study area, it would be located close to the river channel (within 500 to 800 feet). Pumping from the porous and permeable alluvial aquifer close to the river channel could substantially enhance recharge from the Rio Grande de Manati channel to the aquifer. Enhanced recharge could shorten travel times for ground water in the aquifer, which might not allow sufficient time to attenuate bacteria and viruses. Travel times for bacteria moving from the river channel to a hypothetical production well were estimated using the numerical transport model MODFLOW/MT3DMS with an uncalibrated model of the alluvial aquifer. The model assumes a well pumping at 1 cubic foot per second. The transport of particles from the river to the well is most sensitive to the porosity of the aquifer and the pumping rate of the well. Sensitivity analysis indicates that a decrease in pumpage will increase the time of travel for particles to move from the river to the pumping well. The model indicates that the leading edge of a plume would reach the production well in about 40 days assuming a porosity of 0.20, 60 days assuming a porosity of 0.275, and about 70 days assuming a porosity of 0.35. If the well were moved 50 feet further from the river, the leading edge of the plume would reach the well in about 50 days assuming a porosity of 0.20 and about 70 days assuming a porosity of 0.275. These estimates are considered worse case estimates because no decay rate was included in the simulation, and because the hypothetical well was located in the center of the alluvial plain rather than further eastward, away from the river channel.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024132","usgsCitation":"Torres-Gonzalez, S., Gómez-Gómez, F., and Warne, A.G., 2002, Ground-Water Resource Assessment in the Rio Grande de Manati Alluvial Plain, Rio Arriba Saliente Area, Puerto Rico (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4132, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024132.","productDescription":"35 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5213,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pr.water.usgs.gov/public/online_pubs/wri02_4132/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":180714,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d532","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Torres-Gonzalez, Sigfredo sttorres@usgs.gov","contributorId":3997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torres-Gonzalez","given":"Sigfredo","email":"sttorres@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gómez-Gómez, Fernando","contributorId":31366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gómez-Gómez","given":"Fernando","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Warne, Andrew G.","contributorId":9714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warne","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":39979,"text":"wri20024092 - 2002 - Estimates of recharge to unconfined aquifers and leakage to confined aquifers in the seven-county metropolitan area of Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-22T21:13:32.981208","indexId":"wri20024092","displayToPublicDate":"2004-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4092","title":"Estimates of recharge to unconfined aquifers and leakage to confined aquifers in the seven-county metropolitan area of Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>Recharge to unconfined aquifers in the seven-county Twin Cities metropolitan area of Minnesota was estimated by five methods. Mean recharge estimated as a percentage (27 percent) of precipitation ranged from 7.7 to 8.3 in./yr across the study area. The median recharge estimated from automated analyses of streamflow-recession displacements for seven basins ranged from 1.2 to 12.2 in./yr. Median recharge estimated from graphical analyses of groundwater level fluctuations for 11 wells ranged from 4.5 to 13.6 in./yr. Recharge estimated by age dating of shallow ground water at a nested well site was 8.8 in./yr. Minimal ground-water recharge estimated by statistical analyses of watershed characteristics (geologic data and streamflow records) ranged from less than 0.1 to 5.6 in./yr.</p>\n<p>Leakage, considered recharge to confined aquifers, in the seven-county Twin Cities metropolitan area was estimated by two methods. Leakage estimated by analyses of ground-water level fluctuations for 11 wells ranged from 3.2x10<sup>-3</sup> to 1.1x10<sup>-2</sup> in./yr. Leakage estimated by analyses of vertical-hydraulic gradients based on application of the Darcy flow equation for seven nested well sites ranged from 4.6x10<sup>-5</sup> to 1.1x10<sup>-1</sup> in./yr.</p>\n<p>Recharge estimates, which generally varied within 10 in./yr for each of the methods, generally were largest based on the precipitation, ground-water level fluctuation, and age dating of shallow ground water methods, slightly smaller based on the streamflow-recession displacement method, and smallest based on the watershed characteristics method. Leakage, which was less than 1 in./yr, varied within 1 order of magnitude based on the ground-water level fluctuation method and as much as 4 orders of magnitude based on analyses of vertical-hydraulic gradients.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri20024092","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Anoka, Carver, Dakota, Hennepin, Ramsey, Scott, and Washington Counties and the Minnesota Board of Soil and Water Conservation","usgsCitation":"Ruhl, J.F., Kanivetsky, R., and Shmagin, B., 2002, Estimates of recharge to unconfined aquifers and leakage to confined aquifers in the seven-county metropolitan area of Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4092, iv, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20024092.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p.","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota 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James F.","contributorId":103322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhl","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kanivetsky, Roman","contributorId":55888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kanivetsky","given":"Roman","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shmagin, Boris","contributorId":44219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shmagin","given":"Boris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":50691,"text":"ofr02364 - 2002 - Analysis of geophysical logs from six boreholes at Lariat Gulch, former U.S. Air Force site PJKS, Jefferson County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:23","indexId":"ofr02364","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-364","title":"Analysis of geophysical logs from six boreholes at Lariat Gulch, former U.S. Air Force site PJKS, Jefferson County, Colorado","docAbstract":"This report presents and describes geophysical logs for six boreholes in Lariat Gulch, a topographic gulch at the former U.S. Air Force site PJKS in Jefferson County near Denver, Colorado. Geophysical logs include gamma, normal resistivity, fluid-column temperature and resistivity, caliper, televiewer, and heat-pulse flowmeter. These logs were run in two boreholes penetrating only the Fountain Formation of Pennsylvanian and Permian age (logged to depths of about 65 and 570 feet) and in four boreholes (logged to depths of about 342 to 742 feet) penetrating mostly the Fountain Formation and terminating in Precambrian crystalline rock, which underlies the Fountain Formation. Data from the logs were used to identify fractures and bedding planes and to locate the contact between the two formations. The logs indicated few fractures in the boreholes and gave no indication of higher transmissivity in the contact zone between the two formations. Transmissivities for all fractures in each borehole were estimated to be less than 2 feet squared per day.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr02364","usgsCitation":"Paillet, F.L., Hodges, R.E., and Corland, B.S., 2002, Analysis of geophysical logs from six boreholes at Lariat Gulch, former U.S. Air Force site PJKS, Jefferson County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-364, 39 p., 10 figs., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02364.","productDescription":"39 p., 10 figs.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178432,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4165,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr02364","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db6804f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":38191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hodges, Richard E.","contributorId":47452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodges","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Corland, Barbara S.","contributorId":83598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corland","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":44927,"text":"wri024187 - 2002 - Water-quality, biological, and habitat assessment of the Boeuf River Basin, southeastern Arkansas, 1994-96","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:57","indexId":"wri024187","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4187","title":"Water-quality, biological, and habitat assessment of the Boeuf River Basin, southeastern Arkansas, 1994-96","docAbstract":"Water-quality and biological samples were collected at several sites in the Boeuf River Basin between November 1994 and December 1996. Water-quality and benthic macroinvertebrate community samples were collected and habitat was measured once at 25 ambient monitoring sites during periods of seasonal low flow. Water-quality storm-runoff samples were collected during 11 storm events at two sites (one draining a cotton field and one draining a forested area). Water-quality samples were collected at one site during the draining of a catfish pond.\r\n\r\nWater-quality samples from the 25 ambient sites indicate that streams in the Boeuf River Basin typically are turbid and nutrient enriched in late fall during periods of relatively low flow. Most suspended solids concentrations ranged from about 50 to 200 milligrams per liter (mg/L), most total nitrogen concentrations ranged from about 1.1 to 1.8 mg/L, and most total phosphorus concentrations ranged from about 0.25 to 0.40\r\nmg/L.\r\n\r\nSuspended solids, total nitrogen, total ammonia plus organic nitrogen, total phosphorus, and dissolved orthophosphorus concentrations from samples collected during storm events were typically higher at the cotton field site than at the forested site. Estimated annual yields of suspended solids, nitrogen, and phosphorus were substantially higher from the cotton field than from the forested area. Dissolved chloride concentrations typically were higher at the forested site than from the cotton field site. Typically, the suspended solids and nutrient concentrations from the 25 ambient sites were lower than concentrations in runoff from the cotton field but higher than concentrations in runoff from the forest area. Concentrations of sulfate, chloride, suspended solids, and some nutrients in samples from the catfish pond generally were greater than concentrations in samples from other sites. Total phosphorus, orthophosphorus, and fecal coliform bacteria concentrations from the catfish pond generally were lower than concentrations in samples from other sites.\r\n\r\nBiological condition scores calculated using macroinvertebrate samples and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Rapid Bioassessment Protocol II indicated that most of the 25 ambient sites would be in the 'moderately impaired' category. However, substantial uncertainty exists in this rating because bioassessment data were compared with data from a reference site outside of the Boeuf River Basin sampled using different methods. Several metrics indicated that communities at most of the ambient sites are composed of more tolerant macroinvertebrates than the community at the reference site.\r\n\r\nHabitat assessments (using Rapid Bioassessment Protocol II) indicated the reference site outside the Boeuf River Basin had better habitat than the ambient sites. Physical habitat scores for the 25 ambient sites indicated that most ambient sites had poor bottom substrate cover, embeddedness values, and flow and had poor to fair habitat related to most other factors. Most habitat factors at the reference site were considered good to excellent.\r\n\r\nPart of the variation in biological condition scores was explained by physical habitat scores and concentrations of suspended solids and dissolved oxygen. However, a considerable amount of variability in biological condition scores is not explained by these factors.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024187","usgsCitation":"Barks, C.S., Petersen, J., and Usrey, F.D., 2002, Water-quality, biological, and habitat assessment of the Boeuf River Basin, southeastern Arkansas, 1994-96: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4187, iv, 36 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024187.","productDescription":"iv, 36 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3804,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ar.water.usgs.gov/LOCAL_REPORTS/WRIR_02-4187/WRIR_02-4187.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":134868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47a0e4b07f02db49468a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barks, C. Shane csbarks@usgs.gov","contributorId":2088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barks","given":"C.","email":"csbarks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Shane","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":230701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petersen, James C. petersen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"James C.","email":"petersen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":230702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Usrey, Faron D.","contributorId":62875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usrey","given":"Faron","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":39951,"text":"wri024211 - 2002 - Ground-water, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa Area, northeastern Arizona — 2000–2001, and performance and sensitivity of the 1988 USGS numerical model of the N aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-19T22:34:18.176628","indexId":"wri024211","displayToPublicDate":"2003-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4211","title":"Ground-water, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa Area, northeastern Arizona — 2000–2001, and performance and sensitivity of the 1988 USGS numerical model of the N aquifer","docAbstract":"<p>The N aquifer is the major source of water in the 5,400-square-mile area of Black Mesa in northeastern Arizona. Availability of water is an important issue in this area because of continued industrial and municipal use, a growing population, and precipitation of about 6 to 14 inches per year.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The monitoring program in Black Mesa has been operating since 1971 and is designed to determine the long-term effects of ground-water withdrawals from the N aquifer for industrial and municipal uses. The monitoring program includes measurements of (1) ground-water pumping, (2) ground-water levels, (3) spring discharge, (4) surface-water discharge, and (5) ground-water chemistry.</p>\n<br>\n<p>In 2000, total ground-water withdrawals were 7,740 acre-feet, industrial use was 4,490 acre-feet, and municipal use was 3,250 acre-feet. From 1999 to 2000, total withdrawals increased by 9 percent, industrial use increased by 7 percent, and municipal use increased by 12 percent.</p>\n<br>\n<p>From 1999 to 2001, water levels declined in 10 of 15 wells in the unconfined part of the aquifer, and the median change was -0.4 foot. Water levels declined in 8 of 16 wells in the confined part of the aquifer, and the median change was -0.2 foot.</p> \n<br>\n<p>From the prestress period (prior to 1965) to 2001, the median water-level change for 33 wells was -17.2 feet. Median water-level changes were -1.2 feet for 15 wells in the unconfined part of the aquifer and -31.0 feet for 18 wells in the confined part.</p> \n<br>\n<p>Discharges were measured once in 1999 and once in 2001 at four springs. Discharges decreased by 5 percent and 33 percent at two springs and increased by 3 percent and 81 percent at two springs. For about the past 10 years, discharges did not significantly change in Burro Spring, the unnamed spring near Dennehotso, and Moenkopi School Spring. The record of discharge from a consistent measuring point for Pasture Canyon Spring is too short for statistical analysis of trends.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Continuous records of surface-water discharge have been collected from July 1976 to 2000 at Moenkopi Wash, July 1996 to 2000 at Laguna Creek, June 1993 to 2000 at Dinnebito Wash, and April 1994 to 2000 at Polacca Wash. Median flows for November, December, January, and February of each water year were used as an index of ground-water discharge to those streams. There is no significant trend in the median winter flows for Moenkopi Wash from 1977 to 2000. The records for the other three streams are too short for a statistical analysis of trends. The median winter flows for Dinnebito Wash and Polacca Wash, however, appear to have decreased during the last 6 years. There is no apparent trend in the median winter flows for Laguna Creek since 1997.<p> \n<br>\n<p>In 2001, water samples were collected from 12 wells and 4 springs and analyzed for selected chemical constituents. Dissolved-solids concentrations ranged from 102 to 628 milligrams per liter. Water samples from 9 of the wells and from the 4 springs had less than 350 milligrams per liter of dissolved solids. Water-chemistry data with sufficient years of record for a statistical analysis of trends over time are available from 7 wells and 4 springs. From about the mid-1980s or early 1990s to 2001 there are no significant trends in the concentrations of dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate in water samples from 6 of the 7 wells. The concentration of one tested constituent (dissolved solids) in samples from Rocky Ridge PM3 significantly increased from 1990 to 2001. From the late 1980s to 2001, there are no significant trends in the concentrations of dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate in water samples from Burro Spring, the unnamed spring near Dennehotso, and Pasture Canyon Spring. From 1987 to 2001, concentrations of chloride and sulfate significantly increased in water samples from Moenkopi School Spring and concentrations of dissolved solids did not significantly change.</p> \n<br>\n<p>The performance and sensitivity of the 1988\nUSGS numerical model of the N aquifer were\nanalyzed. The overall performance of the model in\nsteady-state conditions is reasonable for residuals\nof heads (difference between observed and\nsimulated steady-state heads); 80 percent of the\nabsolute values of residuals are less than 38 feet.\nSimulated flows are about 40 percent different\nthan estimated flows at two of three discharge\nareas; however, this comparison is only a rough\napproximation of performance because the\naccuracy of the estimated steady-state flows is\nuncertain.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The overall performance of the model for\ntransient conditions is fair for residuals of changes\nin head (difference between observed and\nsimulated changes in head from steady state to\n1999); 80 percent of the absolute values of\nresiduals are less than 31 feet. The model is biased\nin two areas. In the Tuba City area, simulated\nchanges in head are more negative than observed\nchanges in head; all six residuals are positive, and\nthree residuals are between 75 and 155 feet. In the\nconfined area of the aquifer, observed changes in\nhead are more negative than simulated changes in\nhead; 12 of the 17 residuals are negative, and\n8 residuals are between -57 and -20 feet.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Analysis of model sensitivity indicates that\nrecharge, transmissivity, and storage coefficient\nare the most important parameters for estimating\nheads, changes in heads, and flows. A strong\ncorrelation between recharge and transmissivity\nand a lack of independent and reliable estimates of\nrecharge, transmissivity, and discharge create a\nuniqueness problem in model calibration. Several\nmodels could be constructed and calibrated with\ndifferent values of recharge or transmissivity and\nstill have similar fits to the observed data.\nInformation from recent data and studies and more\nadvanced modeling techniques could be used to\ndevelop a more representative and less uncertain\nmodel. Future data collection and studies should\nfocus on obtaining a better definition of recharge,\ndischarge, transmissivity, and storage coefficient.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Tucson, AZ","doi":"10.3133/wri024211","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arizona Department of Water Resources and Bureau of Indian Affairs","usgsCitation":"Thomas, B.E., 2002, Ground-water, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa Area, northeastern Arizona — 2000–2001, and performance and sensitivity of the 1988 USGS numerical model of the N aquifer: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4211, vii, 76 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024211.","productDescription":"vii, 76 p.","numberOfPages":"84","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288425,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":394547,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52780.htm"},{"id":288424,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4211/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Black Mesa area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.4167,\n              35.5833\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.5833,\n              35.5833\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.5833,\n              36.8833\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.4167,\n              36.8833\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.4167,\n              35.5833\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649ba5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Blakemore E.","contributorId":93871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Blakemore","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":50725,"text":"ofr02471 - 2002 - Streamflow characteristics for selected stations in and near the Grand Mesa, Uncompahgre, and Gunnison National Forests, southwestern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:12","indexId":"ofr02471","displayToPublicDate":"2003-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-471","title":"Streamflow characteristics for selected stations in and near the Grand Mesa, Uncompahgre, and Gunnison National Forests, southwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"The U.S Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Grand Mesa, Uncompahgre, and Gunnison National Forests, began a study in 2000 to develop selected streamflow characteristics for 60 streamflow-gaging stations in and near the Grand Mesa, Uncompahgre, and Gunnison National Forests. The study area is located in southwestern Colorado within the Gunnison River, Dolores River, and Plateau Creek Basins, which are tributaries of the Colorado River. \r\n\r\nIn addition to presenting the compiled daily, monthly, and annual discharge data for the 60 stations, the report presents tabular and graphical results for the following computed streamflow characteristics: (1) Instantaneous peak-flow frequency; (2) flow duration for daily mean discharges on an annual (water year) basis and on a monthly basis, and flow duration for the annual and monthly mean discharges; (3) low-flow and high-flow frequency of daily mean discharges for periods of 1, 3, 7, 15, 30, 60, 120, and 183 consecutive days; and (4) annual and monthly mean and median discharges for each year and month of record, and frequency of the annual and monthly mean and median discharges. All discharge data and results from the streamflow-characteristics analyses are presented in Microsoft Excel workbooks on the enclosed CD-ROM.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr02471","usgsCitation":"Kuhn, G., 2002, Streamflow characteristics for selected stations in and near the Grand Mesa, Uncompahgre, and Gunnison National Forests, southwestern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-471, 1 CD-ROM : ill., col. map ; 3 3/4 in.; 32 p., 10 figs., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02471.","productDescription":"1 CD-ROM : ill., col. map ; 3 3/4 in.; 32 p., 10 figs.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":4211,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr02471/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":176802,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4e67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuhn, Gerhard","contributorId":102080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuhn","given":"Gerhard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":45088,"text":"wri024246 - 2002 - Water and bed-sediment quality in the vicinity of Berlin Lake, Ohio, 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-17T08:18:59","indexId":"wri024246","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4246","displayTitle":"Water and Bed-Sediment Quality in the Vicinity of Berlin Lake, Ohio, 2001","title":"Water and bed-sediment quality in the vicinity of Berlin Lake, Ohio, 2001","docAbstract":"<p>Berlin Lake, in northeast Ohio, was created by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in 1943 and is used primarily for flood control for the upper reaches of the Mahoning River. The area surrounding and under the lake has been tapped for oil and natural gas production. One of the by-products of oil and gas production is concentrated salt water or brine, which might have an effect on the chemical quality of area potable-water sources. This report presents the results of a U.S. Geological Survey baseline study to collect current (2001) water and sediment-quality data and to characterize water quality in the Berlin Lake watershed.</p><p>Chloride-to-bromide ratios were used to detect the presence of brine in water samples and to indicate possible adverse effects on water quality. Analyses of ground-water samples from domestic wells in the area indicate a source of chloride and bromide, but defining the source would require more data collection.</p><p>Analyses of specific conductance and dissolved solids indicate that 78 percent (14 of 18) of the ground-water samples exceeded the Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level for dissolved solids in public water supplies of 500 milligrams per liter (mg/L), compared to 6 percent of samples exceeding 500 mg/L in two nearby studies.</p><p>Surface water was analyzed twice, once each during low-flow and surface runoff conditions. A comparison of the 2001 data to historical chloride concentrations, accounting for seasonal changes, does not indicate an increase in chloride loads for surface water in the area of Berlin Lake.</p><p>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were found in bed-sediment samples collected from the mouths of major tributaries to Berlin Lake. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are produced during the incomplete combustion of organic carbon materials such as wood and fossil fuels, and they are components of petroleum products.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri024246","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Darner, R.A., 2002, Water and bed-sediment quality in the vicinity of Berlin Lake, Ohio, 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4246, v, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024246.","productDescription":"v, 31 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3933,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4246/wri20024246.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.11 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRIR 2002-4246"},{"id":135868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4246/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:oh_dc@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:oh_dc@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/oki-water/\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/oki-water/\">Ohio Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>6460 Busch Blvd. <br>Columbus, OH 43229</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Description of study area</li><li>Methods of Study</li><li>Water and Bed-Sediment Quality</li><li>Summary and Conclusions</li><li>References Cited</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb5c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Darner, Robert A. 0000-0003-1333-8265 radarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1333-8265","contributorId":1972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darner","given":"Robert","email":"radarner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":231085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":47744,"text":"wri20024170 - 2002 - Estimating the magnitude of peak flows at selected recurrence intervals for streams in Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-21T12:56:31","indexId":"wri20024170","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4170","title":"Estimating the magnitude of peak flows at selected recurrence intervals for streams in Idaho","docAbstract":"Methods for estimating magnitudes of peak flows at various recurrence intervals, needed for highway-structure and water-control design and planning, were developed for gaged and ungaged sites on streams throughout Idaho. Recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 500 years were selected for analysis of peak flows. For gaged sites in Idaho, peak-flow estimates were calculated by fitting a log-Pearson Type III distribution to the annual peak-flow data for each site. Annual peak flows through 1997 were used in the analysis. Basin and climatic characteristics for these gaged sites were calculated from 1:24,000 digitalelevation models and various thematic data coverages using a geographic information system. Peak- flow data and basin and climatic characteristics for 333 gaged sites were combined to develop a database that was used for the analysis. To estimate the magnitude of peak flows at ungaged sites near gaged sites on the same stream, a method was developed on the basis of drainage-area ratios. To estimate the magnitude of peak flows for ungaged sites on unregulated and undiverted streams, two regional regression methods were developed. The first regression method, termed the regional regression method, used generalized least-squares regression to develop a set of predictive equations for estimating peak flows at selected recurrence intervals for seven hydrologic regions in Idaho. These regional regression equations related basin and climatic characteristics to peak flows. The regional regression equations were all functions of drainage area plus one or two other basin characteristics. Average errors of prediction for these regression equations ranged from +143 percent to 58.8 percent. The range of errors was narrowest,\nfrom about +51.9 to about 34.2, for region 5. Error ranges were usually narrower for the middle recurrence intervals than for the lower and upper recurrence intervals. A computer program was developed to calculate the magnitude of peak flows at each recurrence interval, the average error of prediction, and the 90-percent confidence interval for each ungaged site. The second regression method, termed the region-of-influence method, was used to develop a unique regression equation for each estimate that is based on a subset of gaged sites with values of basin and climatic characteristics similar to those for the ungaged sites. All 333 gages in the database were used to select the subset. Root-mean-squared errors for this method ranged from 55.5 percent to 72.4 percent. Differences in root-mean-squared errors between regional regression equations and the region-of-influence method were quite large. The average difference in root-mean-squared errors for the region-of-influence method was more than 10 percent greater than the average differences for the regional regression equations. For region 5, the average difference was greater than 20 percent. However, for region 8, the root-mean-squared errors were, in general, only slightly smaller for the region-of-influence method than for the regional regression equations.\nThe region-of-influence method is not recommended for use in determining flood-frequency estimates for ungaged sites in Idaho because the results, overall, are less accurate and the calculations are more complex than those of regional regression equations. The regional regression equations were considered to be the primary method of estimating the magnitude and frequency of peak flows for ungaged sites in Idaho.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri20024170","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Idaho Transportation Department, Idaho Bureau of Disaster Services, and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Berenbrock, C., 2002, Estimating the magnitude of peak flows at selected recurrence intervals for streams in Idaho (Legacy Report, Revised July 2007): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4170, vi, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20024170.","productDescription":"vi, 59 p.","numberOfPages":"64","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262362,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4170/report.pdf"},{"id":262363,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4170/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":265415,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4170/"},{"id":265416,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4170/data/wrir20024170_idregeq.zip"},{"id":266779,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4170/idregeq.zip"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho;Montana;Nevada;Oregon;Washington;Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.07,41.02 ], [ -119.07,49.0 ], [ -109.74,49.0 ], [ -109.74,41.02 ], [ -119.07,41.02 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Legacy Report, Revised July 2007","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49a9e4b07f02db5c366b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berenbrock, Charles","contributorId":30598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berenbrock","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":44917,"text":"wri024215 - 2002 - Streamflow and nutrient data for the Yazoo River below Steele Bayou near Long Lake, Mississippi, 1996-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-29T12:45:04","indexId":"wri024215","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4215","title":"Streamflow and nutrient data for the Yazoo River below Steele Bayou near Long Lake, Mississippi, 1996-2000","docAbstract":"Increased nutrient loading to the Gulf of Mexico from off-continent flux has been identified as contributing to the increase in the areal extent of the low dissolved-oxygen zone that develops annually off the Louisiana and Texas coast. The proximity of the Yazoo River Basin in northwestern Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico, and the intensive agricultural activities in the basin have led to speculation that the Yazoo River Basin contributes a disproportionate amount of nitrogen and phosphorus to the Mississippi River and ultimately to the Gulf of Mexico. An empirical measurement of the flux of nitrogen and phosphorus from the Yazoo Basin has not been possible due to the hydrology of the lower Yazoo River Basin. \r\n\r\nStreamflow for the Yazoo River below Steele Bayou is affected by backwater from the Mississippi River. Flow at the gage is non-uniform and varying, with bi-directional and reverse flows possible. Streamflow was computed by using remote sensing and acoustic and conventional discharge and velocity measurement techniques. Streamflow from the Yazoo River for the 1996-2000 period accounted for 2.8 percent of the flow of the Mississippi River for the same period.\r\n\r\nWater samples from the Yazoo River were collected from February 1996 through December 2000 and were analyzed for total nitrogen, nitrate, total phosphorus, and orthophosphorus as part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program. These data were used to compute annual loads of nitrogen and phosphorus discharged from the Yazoo River for the period 1996-2000. \r\n\r\nAnnual loads of nitrogen and phosphorus were calculated by two methods. The first method used multivariate regression and the second method multiplied the mean annual concentration by the total annual flow. Load estimates based on the product of the mean annual concentration and the total annual flow were within the 95 percent confidence interval for the load calculated by multivariate regression in 10 of 20 cases. The Yazoo River loads, compared to average annual loads in the Mississippi River, indicated that the Yazoo River was contributing 1.4 percent of the total nitrogen load, 0.7 percent of the nitrate load, 3.4 percent of the total phosphorus load, and 1.6 percent of the orthophosphorus load during 1996 - 2000. The total nitrogen, nitrate, and orthophosphorus loads in the Yazoo River Basin were less than expected, whereas the total phosphorus load was slightly higher than expected based on discharge.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024215","usgsCitation":"Runner, M.S., Turnipseed, D.P., and Coupe, R.H., 2002, Streamflow and nutrient data for the Yazoo River below Steele Bayou near Long Lake, Mississippi, 1996-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4215, viii, 35 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024215.","productDescription":"viii, 35 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":161517,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3796,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ms.water.usgs.gov/publications/WRIR_02_4215.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aee2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Runner, Michael S. msrunner@usgs.gov","contributorId":3497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runner","given":"Michael","email":"msrunner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":230676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turnipseed, D. Phil 0000-0002-9737-3203 pturnip@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-3203","contributorId":298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turnipseed","given":"D.","email":"pturnip@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Phil","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coupe, Richard H. 0000-0001-8679-1015 rhcoupe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8679-1015","contributorId":551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coupe","given":"Richard","email":"rhcoupe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":44567,"text":"wri024238 - 2002 - Flow-frequency characteristics of Vermont streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:53","indexId":"wri024238","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4238","title":"Flow-frequency characteristics of Vermont streams","docAbstract":"The safe and economical design of infrastructure in and near waterways and the effective management of flood-hazard areas require information on streamflow that may not be readily available. This report provides estimates of flow-frequency characteristics for gaged streams in Vermont and describes methods for estimating flow-frequency characteristics for ungaged streams. The flow-frequency characteristics investigated are the magnitude of peak discharges at recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 500 years, and the magnitude of daily-mean discharges exceeded 25, 50, and 75 percent of the time.\r\n\r\nPeak-flow frequency characteristics for gaged streams were computed following the guidelines in Bulletin 17B of the U.S. Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data. To determine the peak-flow exceedance probabilities at stream-gaging stations in Vermont, a new generalized skew coefficient map for the State was developed. This new map has greater resolution and more current data than the existing National map. The standard error of the new map is 0.269.\r\n\r\nTwo methods of extending streamflow record were applied to improve estimates of peak-flow frequency for streams with short flow records (10 to 15 years) in small drainage areas (sites less than 15 square miles). In the first method, a two-station comparison, data from a long-record site was used to adjust the frequency characteristics at the short-record site. This method was applied to 31 crest-stage gages--stations at which only instantaneous peak discharges are determined--in Vermont. The second method used rainfall-runoff modeling. Precipitation and evapotranspiration data from 1948 to 1999 for numerous climate data-collection sites were used as input to a model to simulate flows at 10 stream-gaging stations in Vermont.\r\n\r\nAlso, methods are described to estimate flow-frequency characteristics for ungaged and unregulated rural streams in Vermont. The peak-flow estimating methods were developed by generalized-least-squares regression procedures with data from 138 U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations in Vermont and in adjacent areas of New York, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Quebec. The flow-duration (daily flow exceeded a given percentage of the time) estimating methods were developed by ordinary-least-squares regression procedures with data from 81 stream-gaging stations in Vermont and adjacent states.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024238","usgsCitation":"Olson, S.A., 2002, Flow-frequency characteristics of Vermont streams: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4238, iv, 47 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024238.","productDescription":"iv, 47 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":135008,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3783,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024238/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aee4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olson, Scott A. 0000-0002-1064-2125 solson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1064-2125","contributorId":2059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Scott","email":"solson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":50501,"text":"ofr02265 - 2002 - Hydrogeologic data for the Coconino Plateau and adjacent areas, Coconino and Yavapai counties, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-25T09:54:46","indexId":"ofr02265","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-265","title":"Hydrogeologic data for the Coconino Plateau and adjacent areas, Coconino and Yavapai counties, Arizona","docAbstract":"<p>Data on geology, topography, hydrology, climate, land use, and vegetation were compiled between October 2000 and September 2001 and assembled into a database for use by local and regional waterresource managers and for future water-resource investigations. The hydrologic data include information on wells, springs, streamflow, water chemistry, and water use. Limitations of the data and additional data needs also were prepared. The roughly 5,000-square-mile Coconino Plateau contains a complex regional aquifer that has become increasingly important as a source of water supply for domestic, municipal, and in-stream uses owing to population growth and development. The flow characteristics of the regional aquifer are poorly understood because the aquifer is deeply buried, which limits exploratory drilling and testing, and because the geologic structure, which controls the occurrence and movement of ground water, is complex. The study area is about 10,300 square miles and, besides containing the entire Coconino Plateau, includes parts of adjacent areas where ground water from the Coconino Plateau discharges. Selected data are presented in tabular or graphical form. All data are available in electronic form.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Tucson, AZ","doi":"10.3133/ofr02265","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Williams","usgsCitation":"Bills, D., and Flynn, M., 2002, Hydrogeologic data for the Coconino Plateau and adjacent areas, Coconino and Yavapai counties, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-265, Report: vi, 29 p.; Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02265.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 29 p.; Tables","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287825,"rank":4,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr02265.gif"},{"id":287824,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0265/report.pdf"},{"id":296283,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0265/","size":"6.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296284,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0265/ofr02-265_Tables1-7.xls","size":"5.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic projection","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Coconino County, Yavapai County","otherGeospatial":"Coconino Plateau","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.0,35.0 ], [ -113.0,36.5 ], [ -111.0,36.5 ], [ -111.0,35.0 ], [ -113.0,35.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae11c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bills, Donald J. djbills@usgs.gov","contributorId":4180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bills","given":"Donald J.","email":"djbills@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":241624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flynn, Marilyn E. meflynn@usgs.gov","contributorId":1039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"Marilyn E.","email":"meflynn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}