{"pageNumber":"134","pageRowStart":"3325","pageSize":"25","recordCount":6233,"records":[{"id":54020,"text":"ofr03454 - 2003 - Water temperature, streamflow, and ground-water elevation in and adjacent to the Russian river between Hopland and Guerneville, California from 1998-2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-11T07:19:47","indexId":"ofr03454","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-454","title":"Water temperature, streamflow, and ground-water elevation in and adjacent to the Russian river between Hopland and Guerneville, California from 1998-2002","docAbstract":"Temperature, water level elevation, stage height, and river discharge data for this report were collected in and adjacent to the Russian River from Hopland to Guerneville, CA over a four-year period from 1998 to 2002 to establish baselines for long-term water quality, water supply and habitat. Data files presented in this report were collected by the USGS and the Sonoma County Water Agency's Engineering Resource and Planning, and Natural Resource Divisions.  Temperature data were collected in single-channel submersible microloggers or temperature data were collected simultaneously with water-elevation data in dual-channel down-hole data loggers.  Stream stage and streamflow data were collected at USGS stream gaging stations located near Hopland, Healdsburg, and Guerneville over a 130 km reach of the Russian River.  During the period of record stream flow ranged from 3 to 1458 m3/s.  Stream temperature ranged from 8 to 29 oC while groundwater temperature ranged from 10 to 38 oC.  Stream stage varied 5 m seasonly, while ground-water level varied 19 m over the same time scale.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr03454","usgsCitation":"Cox, M.H., and Hatch, C., 2003, Water temperature, streamflow, and ground-water elevation in and adjacent to the Russian river between Hopland and Guerneville, California from 1998-2002: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-454, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03454.","productDescription":"39 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":182038,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5460,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr03-454/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Mendocino County, Sonoma County","city":"Hopland, 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,{"id":54072,"text":"wdrCA022 - 2003 - Water Resources Data--California, Water Year 2002, Volume 2, Pacific Slope Basins from Arroyo Grande to Oregon State Line except Central Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:37","indexId":"wdrCA022","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"CA-02-2","title":"Water Resources Data--California, Water Year 2002, Volume 2, Pacific Slope Basins from Arroyo Grande to Oregon State Line except Central Valley","docAbstract":"Water-resources data for the 2002 water year for California consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams, stage and contents in lakes and reservoirs, and water levels and water quality in wells. Volume 2 contains discharge records for 133 gaging stations, stage and contents for 8 lakes and reservoirs, gage-height records for 6 stations, water quality for 43 streamflow-gaging stations and 5 partial-record stations. Also included are data for 1 low-flow partial-record station, and 5 miscellaneous-measurement stations. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in California.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrCA022","usgsCitation":"Freeman, L., Smithson, J., Webster, M., Pope, G., and Friebel, M., 2003, Water Resources Data--California, Water Year 2002, Volume 2, Pacific Slope Basins from Arroyo Grande to Oregon State Line except Central Valley: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report CA-02-2, 504 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrCA022.","productDescription":"504 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177966,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5513,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wdrca022/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69955b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freeman, L.A.","contributorId":86374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smithson, J.R.","contributorId":41073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smithson","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Webster, M.D.","contributorId":68385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webster","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pope, G.L.","contributorId":58692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Friebel, M.F.","contributorId":23207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friebel","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":54085,"text":"wdrTX021 - 2003 - Water resources data Texas, water year 2002, volume 1. Arkansas River basin, Red River basin, Sabine River basin, Neches River basin, and intervening coastal basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T11:08:26","indexId":"wdrTX021","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"TX-02-1","title":"Water resources data Texas, water year 2002, volume 1. Arkansas River basin, Red River basin, Sabine River basin, Neches River basin, and intervening coastal basins","docAbstract":"Water-resources data for the 2002 water year for Texas are presented in six volumes and consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams and canals; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality of ground-water wells. Volume 1 contains records for water discharge at 63 gaging stations; stage only at 3 gaging stations; stage and contents at 34 lakes and reservoirs; water quality at 35 gaging stations; and data for 8 partial-record stations comprised of 6 flood-hydrograph and 2 low-flow stations. Also included are lists of discontinued surface-water discharge or stage-only stations and discontinued surface-water-quality stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data-collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating Federal, State, and local agencies in Texas. Records for a few pertinent stations in the bordering States also are included.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrTX021","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Texas and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Gandara, S.C., 2003, Water resources data Texas, water year 2002, volume 1. 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,{"id":54119,"text":"wdrCO021 - 2003 - Water Resources Data, Colorado, Water Year 2002--Volume 1. Missouri River Basin, Arkansas River Basin, and Rio Grande Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:39","indexId":"wdrCO021","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"CO-02-1","title":"Water Resources Data, Colorado, Water Year 2002--Volume 1. Missouri River Basin, Arkansas River Basin, and Rio Grande Basin","docAbstract":"Water-resources data for Colorado for the 2002 water year consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; meteorological data; and water levels and water quality of wells and springs. This report (Volumes 1 and 2) contains discharge records for 319 gaging stations, stage and contents of 16 lakes and reservoirs, discharge measurements for 1 partial-record low-flow station and 1 miscellaneous site, peak-flow information for 22 crest-stage partial-record stations; water quality for 118 gaging stations and for 8 lakes and reservoirs, supplemental water quality for 183 gaged sites; water quality for 65 miscellaneous sites and 14 observation wells; water levels for 2 observation wells, and meteorological data for 57 sites. Three pertinent stations operated by bordering States also are included in this report. The records were collected and computed by the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey under the direction of W.F. Horak, District Chief. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrCO021","usgsCitation":"Crowfoot, R., Payne, W., and O’Neill, G.B., 2003, Water Resources Data, Colorado, Water Year 2002--Volume 1. Missouri River Basin, Arkansas River Basin, and Rio Grande Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report CO-02-1, 609 p.; 2 figs., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrCO021.","productDescription":"609 p.; 2 figs.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5566,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wdrco021","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":177126,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbd77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crowfoot, R.M.","contributorId":6116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowfoot","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Payne, W.F.","contributorId":32598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Neill, G. B.","contributorId":72450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neill","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":54344,"text":"wdrMN021 - 2003 - Water resources data Minnesota water year 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-08T14:10:15","indexId":"wdrMN021","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MN-02-1","title":"Water resources data Minnesota water year 2002","docAbstract":"<p>Water resources data for the 2002 water year for Minnesota consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage of lakes and reservoirs; ground-water quality; and water quality in wells. This report contains discharge records for 101 stream-gaging stations; stage for 11 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 6 stream-gaging stations; peak flow data for 89 highflow partial-record stations, and water levels for 3 groundwater observation wells. Additional water data were collected at various sites that are not part of the systematic data collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey for cooperating State and Federal agencies in Minnesota.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wdrMN021","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Division of Waters; the Minnesota Department of Transportation; and with other State, municipal, and Federal agencies","usgsCitation":"Mitton, G., Guttormson, K., Stratton, G., and Wakeman, E., 2003, Water resources data Minnesota water year 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MN-02-1, xvi, 333 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrMN021.","productDescription":"xvi, 333 p.","numberOfPages":"349","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2001-10-01","temporalEnd":"2002-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science 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,{"id":56148,"text":"wdrNY022 - 2003 - Water resources data, New York, water year 2002, volume 2, Long Islan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-28T10:33:39","indexId":"wdrNY022","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NY-02-2","title":"Water resources data, New York, water year 2002, volume 2, Long Islan","docAbstract":"<p>Water resources data for the 2002 water year for New York consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and ponds; stage and water quality of estuaries; and water levels and water quality of ground-water wells. This volume contains records for water discharge at 15 gaging stations; lake stage at 6 gaging stations; tide stage at 5 gaging stations; and water levels at 464 observation wells. Also included are data for 10 low-flow partial record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements and analyses. These data, together with the data in Volume 1 and 3 represent that part of the National Water Data system operated by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with State, Federal, and other agencies in New York.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrNY022","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the local agencies","usgsCitation":"Spinello, A.G., Busciolano, R., Pena-Cruz, G., and Winowitch, R., 2003, Water resources data, New York, water year 2002, volume 2, Long Islan: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report NY-02-2, 262 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrNY022.","productDescription":"262 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":184534,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2002/ny-02-2/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":5636,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2002/ny-02-2/wdr_ny022.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.28 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WDR 022"}],"contact":"<p>Director, New York Water Science Center<br /> U.S. Geological Survey<br /> 425 Jordan Rd<br /> Troy, NY 12180-8349<br /> (518) 285-5695<br /> <a href=\"http://ny.water.usgs.gov/\">http://ny.water.usgs.gov/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul>\n<li>New York district office locations and addresses</li>\n<li>Preface</li>\n<li>List of surface-water stations, in downstream order, for which records are published in this volume</li>\n<li>List of discontinued surface-water discharge stations</li>\n<li>Introduction</li>\n<li>Cooperation</li>\n<li>Summary of hydrologic conditions</li>\n<li>Special networks and programs</li>\n<li>Explanation of the records</li>\n<li>Selected recent U.S. Geological Survey reports relevant to Long Island, New York</li>\n<li>Access to USGS water data</li>\n<li>Definition of terms</li>\n<li>Publications on Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations</li>\n<li>Station records, surface water</li>\n<li>Station records, ground water</li>\n<li>Analysis of samples collected at water-quality miscellaneous sites</li>\n<li>Index</li>\n</ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f5e4b07f02db5f0d91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spinello, A. G.","contributorId":19983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spinello","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Busciolano, R.","contributorId":24017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busciolano","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pena-Cruz, G.P.","contributorId":39868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pena-Cruz","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Winowitch, R.B.","contributorId":67148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winowitch","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":69632,"text":"i2783 - 2003 - Geologic map of the Rusalka Planitia Quadrangle (V-25), Venus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-28T14:15:48","indexId":"i2783","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2783","title":"Geologic map of the Rusalka Planitia Quadrangle (V-25), Venus","docAbstract":"The Rusalka Planitia quadrangle (herein referred to as V-25) occupies an 8.1 million square kilometer swath of lowlands nestled within the eastern highlands of Aphrodite Terra on Venus. The region (25?-0? N., 150?-180? E.) is framed by the crustal plateau Thetis Regio to the southwest, the coronae of the Diana-Dali chasmata complex to the south, and volcanic rise Atla Regio to the west. Regions to the north, and the quadrangle itself, are part of the vast lowlands, which cover four-fifths of the surface of Venus. \r\n\r\nThe often-unspectacular lowlands of Venus are typically lumped together as ridged or regional plains. However, detailed mapping reveals the mode of resurfacing in V-25's lowlands: a mix of corona-related flow fields and local edifice clusters within planitia superimposed on a background of less clearly interpretable extended flow fields, large volcanoes, probable corona fragments, and edifice-flow complexes. The history detailed within the Rusalka Planitia quadrangle is that of the extended evolution of long-wavelength topographic basins in the presence of episodes of extensive corona-related volcanism, pervasive low-intensity small-scale eruptions, and an early phase of regional circumferential shortening centered on central Aphrodite Terra. Structural reactivation both obscures and illuminates the tectonic development of the region. The data are consistent with progressive lithospheric thickening, although the critical lack of an independent temporal marker on Venus severely hampers our ability to test this claim and correlate between localities. \r\n\r\nTwo broad circular basins dominate V-25 geology: northern Rusalka Planitia lies in the southern half of the quadrangle, whereas the smaller Llorona Planitia sits along the northwestern corner of V-25. Similar large topographic basins occur throughout the lowlands of Venus, and gravity data suggest that some basins may represent dynamic topography over mantle downwellings. Both planitiae include coronae and associated lava flows, as well as fields of volcanic shields. Within each basin, the local geologic histories are relatively well constrained; correlations between the planitiae are difficult without making assumptions. The region between the two basins contains large volcanoes, corona fragments, deformation belts, and shield fields embedded within a topographically higher heterogeneous expanse of rolling plains. \r\n\r\nV-25's most prominent structural grain is a suite of wrinkle ridges that arc around the southwest corner of the quadrangle. A patchy suite of northeast-trending assorted lineaments underlies much of the map area. Although these lineaments originally were narrow fractures, this structural suite appears to have subsequently opened up along extensional troughs near Corpman crater in the southwest corner of the map area and been reactivated as wrinkle ridges at Ran Colles in the middle of the southern boundary of V-25. \r\n\r\nNineteen impact craters dot the quadrangle. Craters Yazruk, du Chatelet, and Caccini contribute large geology- obscuring ejecta halos. Crater densities are too low for either relative or absolute age dating. Ten splotches, presumably associated with meteor airbursts, also occur across V-25.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i2783","isbn":"0607893796","usgsCitation":"Young, D.A., and Hansen, V.L., 2003, Geologic map of the Rusalka Planitia Quadrangle (V-25), Venus: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2783, map, 60 x 42 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2783.","productDescription":"map, 60 x 42 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191654,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6286,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2783/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"5000000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60ed26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, Duncan A.","contributorId":66358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Duncan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, Vicki L.","contributorId":101238,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"Vicki","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6915,"text":"University of Minnesota - Duluth","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":280773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":31579,"text":"ofr0232 - 2002 - Habitat assessment, Missouri River at Hermann, Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-06T15:07:20.343792","indexId":"ofr0232","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-01T16:20:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-32","displayTitle":"Habitat Assessment, Missouri River at Hermann, Missouri","title":"Habitat assessment, Missouri River at Hermann, Missouri","docAbstract":"<p>This report documents methods and results of aquatic habitat assessment in the Missouri River near Hermann, Missouri. The assessment is intended to improve understanding of spatial and temporal variability of aquatic habitat, including habitats thought to be critical for the endangered pallid sturgeon (<i>Scaphirhynchus albus</i>). Physical aquatic habitat – depth, velocity, and substrate – was assessed around 9 wing dikes and adjacent to the U.S. Route 19 bridge, at discharges varying from 44,000 cubic feet per second (cfs) to 146, 000 cfs during August 2000 – May, 2001. For the river as a whole, velocities are bi-modally distributed with distinct peaks relating to navigation channel and wing-dike environments. Velocities predictably showed an increasing trend with increasing discharge. Substrate within wing dikes was dominated by mud at low discharges, whereas the navigation channel had patches of transporting sand, rippled sand, and coarse sand. Discharges that overtopped the wing dikes (about 93,000 cfs, March 2001) were associated with increases of patchy sand, rippled sand, and coarse sand within the wing dikes. When flows were substantially over the wing dikes (146,000 cfs, May 2001) substrates within most wing dikes showed substantial reorganization and coarsening.</p><p>The habitat assessment provides a geospatial database that can be used to query wing dikes for distributions of depth, velocity, and substrate for comparison with fish samples collected by US Fish and Wildlife Service biologists (Grady and others, 2001). In addition, the assessment documented spatial and temporal variation in habitat within the Hermann reach and over a range of discharges. Measurable geomorphic change – alteration of substrate conditions plus substantial erosion and deposition – was associated with flows equaled or exceeded 12–40% of the time (40–140 days per year). Documented geomorphic change associated with high-frequency flows underscores the natural temporal variability of physical habitat in the Lower Missouri River.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr0232","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Jacobson, R.B., Laustrup, M.S., and Reuter, J.M., 2002, Habitat assessment, Missouri River at Hermann, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002—32, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0232.","productDescription":"Report: 22 p.; 2 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160577,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0032/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":7895,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0032/ofr20020032_appendix2.pdf","text":"Appendix 2","size":"908 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Reach Map"},{"id":7894,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0032/ofr20020032_appendix1.pdf","text":"Appendix 1","size":"61.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Dike Field Maps"},{"id":376076,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0032/ofr20020032.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.19 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2002-32"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","city":"Hermann","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.10937499999999,\n              38.348118547988065\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.41473388671875,\n              38.348118547988065\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.41473388671875,\n              38.79904887985135\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.10937499999999,\n              38.79904887985135\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.10937499999999,\n              38.348118547988065\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/cerc\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/cerc\">Columbia Environmental Research Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>4200 New Haven Road<br>Columbia, MO 65201</p><p><a href=\"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Purpose and Scope</li><li>Methods</li><li>Results</li><li>Conclusions</li><li>Acknowledgments</li><li>References Cited</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"publishedDate":"2002-04-01","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6496af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacobson, Robert B. 0000-0002-8368-2064 rjacobson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":1289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Robert","email":"rjacobson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Laustrup, Mark S.","contributorId":31028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laustrup","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reuter, Joanna M.","contributorId":50179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reuter","given":"Joanna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":33035,"text":"wri024044 - 2002 - Estimation of nitrogen yields and loads from basins draining to Long Island Sound, 1988–98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-19T14:25:06.51257","indexId":"wri024044","displayToPublicDate":"2020-04-30T13:05:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4044","displayTitle":"Estimation of Nitrogen Yields and Loads from Basins Draining to Long Island Sound, 1988–98","title":"Estimation of nitrogen yields and loads from basins draining to Long Island Sound, 1988–98","docAbstract":"Monitoring data on total nitrogen concentrations\r\nand streamflow were used to estimate annual\r\nnonpoint nitrogen loads for 1988?98 at 28 monitoring\r\nsites and 26 unmonitored basins that drain\r\nto Long Island Sound. The estimated total nitrogen\r\nyields at monitoring sites were used with basin\r\ncharacteristics and ancillary data to develop a\r\nmultiple-linear regression equation to estimate\r\nnonpoint nitrogen yields from monitored and\r\nunmonitored basins. The estimated nonpoint\r\nnitrogen load to Long Island Sound from the\r\nbasins studied ranged from 21 million pounds in\r\nwater year 1995 to 50 million pounds in water year\r\n1990.\r\nStatistically significant regression variables\r\ninclude time, population density, annual mean\r\nrunoff (minus wastewater return flow), pointsource\r\nnitrogen yields, percentage of basin area\r\nclassified as urban/recreational grasses,\r\npercentage of the basin classified as agricultural\r\nland, and the ratio of deciduous to total forest area.\r\nNonpoint nitrogen loads from monitored and\r\nunmonitored basins were computed using the\r\nregression equation by setting the point-source\r\nnitrogen yields and wastewater return variables to\r\nzero, and incorporating streamflow information\r\nfrom index stations in or near unmonitored basins.\r\nNonpoint nitrogen load information obtained\r\nthrough use of this equation was summarized by\r\nsix Long Island Sound management zones.\r\nEstimates of nonpoint nitrogen loads from\r\nthese basins can be improved by additional\r\nsampling, and by developing data on nitrogen\r\nloads from municipal wastewater-treatment facilities\r\noutside of Connecticut, compiling information\r\non annual interbasin diversions of flow, studying\r\ninstream losses of nitrogen, and analyzing the\r\nprocessing and storage of atmospheric nitrogen in\r\ndifferent forest types.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri024044","usgsCitation":"Mullaney, J.R., Schwarz, G.E., Trench, E.C.T., 2002, Estimation of nitrogen yields and loads from basins draining to Long Island Sound, 1988–98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4044, 84 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024044.","productDescription":"viii, 84 p.","numberOfPages":"94","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126797,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4044/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":3206,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4044/wri20024044.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.82 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2002-4044"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73.861083984375,\n              40.85537053192494\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.98193359375,\n              40.74725696280421\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.828125,\n              40.74725696280421\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.377685546875,\n              40.79717741518766\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.18017578125,\n              40.9218144123785\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.35620117187499,\n              41.18692242290296\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.455078125,\n              41.42625319507269\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.96044921875,\n              41.42625319507269\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.982177734375,\n              41.343824581185686\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.773193359375,\n              41.0130657870063\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.861083984375,\n              40.85537053192494\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"dc_nweng@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"dc_nweng@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/new-england-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/new-england-water\">New England Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>10 Bearfoot Road<br>Northborough, MA 01532</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Data Collection and Analysis</li><li>Nitrogen Loads and Yields from Basins Draining to Long Island Sound, 1988-98</li><li>Information to Improve Nitrogen Load Estimates</li><li>Summary and Conclusions</li><li>References Cited</li><li>Appendix 1. Parameter estimates and coefficient of determination for explanatory variables used in ESTIMATOR total nitrogen load calculations at monitoring stations in basins draining to Long Island Sound</li><li>Appendix 2. Model calibration and prediction</li><li>Appendix 3. Regression model input data and nitrogen loads from monitored basins draining to Long Island Sound, 1988–98</li><li>Appendix 4. Nonpoint nitrogen yields and 90-percent confidence intervals for unmonitored and monitored basins draining to Long Island Sound, 1988–98</li><li>Appendix 5. Estimates of total nitrogen load from municipal wastewater-treatment facilities (1998) and estimates of return flow (1990) used in multiple regression analysis</li></ul>","publishedDate":"2002-06-01","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667ab6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mullaney, John R. 0000-0003-4936-5046 jmullane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4936-5046","contributorId":1957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullaney","given":"John","email":"jmullane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwarz, Gregory E. 0000-0002-9239-4566 gschwarz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9239-4566","contributorId":218266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarz","given":"Gregory E.","email":"gschwarz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":209745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trench, Elaine C. Todd etrench@usgs.gov","contributorId":4557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trench","given":"Elaine","email":"etrench@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C. Todd","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":209744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70179679,"text":"70179679 - 2002 - Level I water-quality inventory and monitoring, Richmond National Battlefield Park, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-19T14:45:25","indexId":"70179679","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5187,"text":"National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring Program","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"title":"Level I water-quality inventory and monitoring, Richmond National Battlefield Park, Virginia","docAbstract":"<p><span>The U.S. Geological Survey conducted a Level I Water-Quality Inventory and Monitoring (WAQIM) data-collection effort for Richmond National Battlefield Park (Richmond NBP) from August 2001 through April 2002. The primary objective of the WAQIM program was to provide the National Park Service (NPS) and Richmond NBP with at least a nominal inventory of its natural resources and to provide those data in a data-management system consistent with park management needs. Water-quality inventory data (physical, chemical, and biological) were collected from \"key\" water bodies within the boundaries of Richmond NBP. The key water bodies are those waters within park boundaries that are essential to the central cultural, historical or natural resources management themes of the parks or provide habitats to threatened or endangered plants and animals. Data were collected during the fall, winter, spring, and summer over a range of hydrologic conditions. Because of the drought conditions that persisted during the study period, variations in flow between seasons were less pronounced than during normal hydrologic conditions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Richmond, VA","usgsCitation":"Moberg, R.M., and Rice, K.C., 2002, Level I water-quality inventory and monitoring, Richmond National Battlefield Park, Virginia: National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring Program, 32 p.","productDescription":"32 p.","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333071,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":333043,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2189165"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Richmond National Battlefield Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": 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,{"id":44593,"text":"wri20024053 - 2002 - Louisiana ground-water map no. 13: Hydrogeology and potentiometric surface of the Sparta aquifer in northern Louisiana, October 1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-27T20:37:42.713965","indexId":"wri20024053","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-01T02:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4053","title":"Louisiana ground-water map no. 13: Hydrogeology and potentiometric surface of the Sparta aquifer in northern Louisiana, October 1996","docAbstract":"This report describes the thickness and areal extent of the Sparta aquifer, identifies sands within the fresh-water extent of the aquifer, and presents data and a map that illustrate the generalized potentiometric surface (water levels) during October 1996. The report includes a detailed geophysical log, structure contour maps, hydrogeologic sections, and hydrographs of water levels in selected wells. The potentiometric surface-map can be used for determining direction of ground-water flow, hydraulic gradients, and the effects of withdrawals on the aquifer.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri20024053","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development, Public Works and Water Resources Division, Water Resources Section","usgsCitation":"Brantly, J.A., Seanor, R.C., and McCoy, K.L., 2002, Louisiana ground-water map no. 13: Hydrogeology and potentiometric surface of the Sparta aquifer in northern Louisiana, October 1996: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4053, 3 Plates: 28.00 x 24.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20024053.","productDescription":"3 Plates: 28.00 x 24.00 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422978,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_51838.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":99308,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4053/plate-1_sheet_3.pdf","text":"Sheet 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":99307,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4053/plate-1_sheet_2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":14048,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri02-4053/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":99306,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4053/plate-1_sheet_1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":120551,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4053/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":99305,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4053/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94,\n              31\n            ],\n            [\n              -94,\n              33\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.33333333333333,\n              33\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.33333333333333,\n              31\n            ],\n            [\n              -94,\n              31\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640f0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brantly, Jeffrey A. jbrantly@usgs.gov","contributorId":5405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brantly","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jbrantly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seanor, Ronald C. 0000-0001-5735-5580 rcseanor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5735-5580","contributorId":3731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seanor","given":"Ronald","email":"rcseanor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":230056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCoy, Kaycee L.","contributorId":32228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCoy","given":"Kaycee","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":53430,"text":"wri024132 - 2002 - Ground-Water Resource Assessment in the Rio Grande de Manati Alluvial Plain, Rio Arriba Saliente Area, Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:58","indexId":"wri024132","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4132","title":"Ground-Water Resource Assessment in the Rio Grande de Manati Alluvial Plain, Rio Arriba Saliente Area, Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"The alluvial aquifer within a 160-acre area of the Rio Grande de Manati alluvial plain was investigated to evaluate its potential as a water-supply source for the Barrios Rio Arriba Saliente and Pugnado Afuera, municipio of Manati, Puerto Rico. Analysis of well boring samples and the results of electric resistivity surveys indicate that the average thickness of the unconsolidated alluvial deposits in the study area is about 100 to 110 feet. The alluvium is a mixture of sand and gravel, which generally has a porosity of 0.2 to 0.35. Short-duration pump tests in small-diameter piezometers indicate that the alluvial aquifer has a hydraulic conductivity of about 200 feet per day and a transmissivity of about 7,900 feet squared per day. \r\n\r\nAnalyses of water levels in piezometers, combined with stage measurements at a series of surveyed reference points along the Rio Grande de Manati channel, indicate that the water-table gradient in the alluvial aquifer is about 0.001, and that ground-water flow is generally from south to north, in the general direction of river flow. The water-table data indicate that the Rio Grande de Manati is the principal source of ground-water recharge to the alluvial aquifer in the study area. Because base flow for the Rio Grande de Manati is usually greater than 44 cubic feet per second, a continuous withdrawal rate of 0.5 to 1.0 cubic foot per second (225 to 450 gallons per minute) from a production well is possible. \r\n\r\nChemical analysis of a ground-water sample indicates that the alluvial aquifer water meets U.S. Environmental Protection Agency secondary standards for selected constituents. Bacteriological analysis of ground-water samples indicates that the ground water contains little or no fecal coliform or fecal streptococcus bacteria. Although long-term data from upstream of the study area indicate high levels of fecal coliform and fecal streptococcus prior to 1996, bacteriological analyses of Rio Grande de Manati water samples obtained during the present study indicate that fecal coliform and fecal streptococcus concentrations are within the standards for surface water intended for use (or with the potential for use) as a raw source of public water supply in Puerto Rico. \r\n\r\nIf a production well were constructed in the study area, it would be located close to the river channel (within 500 to 800 feet). Pumping from the porous and permeable alluvial aquifer close to the river channel could substantially enhance recharge from the Rio Grande de Manati channel to the aquifer. Enhanced recharge could shorten travel times for ground water in the aquifer, which might not allow sufficient time to attenuate bacteria and viruses. Travel times for bacteria moving from the river channel to a hypothetical production well were estimated using the numerical transport model MODFLOW/MT3DMS with an uncalibrated model of the alluvial aquifer. The model assumes a well pumping at 1 cubic foot per second. The transport of particles from the river to the well is most sensitive to the porosity of the aquifer and the pumping rate of the well. Sensitivity analysis indicates that a decrease in pumpage will increase the time of travel for particles to move from the river to the pumping well. The model indicates that the leading edge of a plume would reach the production well in about 40 days assuming a porosity of 0.20, 60 days assuming a porosity of 0.275, and about 70 days assuming a porosity of 0.35. If the well were moved 50 feet further from the river, the leading edge of the plume would reach the well in about 50 days assuming a porosity of 0.20 and about 70 days assuming a porosity of 0.275. These estimates are considered worse case estimates because no decay rate was included in the simulation, and because the hypothetical well was located in the center of the alluvial plain rather than further eastward, away from the river channel.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024132","usgsCitation":"Torres-Gonzalez, S., Gómez-Gómez, F., and Warne, A.G., 2002, Ground-Water Resource Assessment in the Rio Grande de Manati Alluvial Plain, Rio Arriba Saliente Area, Puerto Rico (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4132, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024132.","productDescription":"35 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5213,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pr.water.usgs.gov/public/online_pubs/wri02_4132/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":180714,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d532","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Torres-Gonzalez, Sigfredo sttorres@usgs.gov","contributorId":3997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torres-Gonzalez","given":"Sigfredo","email":"sttorres@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gómez-Gómez, Fernando","contributorId":31366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gómez-Gómez","given":"Fernando","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Warne, Andrew G.","contributorId":9714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warne","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":39979,"text":"wri20024092 - 2002 - Estimates of recharge to unconfined aquifers and leakage to confined aquifers in the seven-county metropolitan area of Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-22T21:13:32.981208","indexId":"wri20024092","displayToPublicDate":"2004-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4092","title":"Estimates of recharge to unconfined aquifers and leakage to confined aquifers in the seven-county metropolitan area of Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>Recharge to unconfined aquifers in the seven-county Twin Cities metropolitan area of Minnesota was estimated by five methods. Mean recharge estimated as a percentage (27 percent) of precipitation ranged from 7.7 to 8.3 in./yr across the study area. The median recharge estimated from automated analyses of streamflow-recession displacements for seven basins ranged from 1.2 to 12.2 in./yr. Median recharge estimated from graphical analyses of groundwater level fluctuations for 11 wells ranged from 4.5 to 13.6 in./yr. Recharge estimated by age dating of shallow ground water at a nested well site was 8.8 in./yr. Minimal ground-water recharge estimated by statistical analyses of watershed characteristics (geologic data and streamflow records) ranged from less than 0.1 to 5.6 in./yr.</p>\n<p>Leakage, considered recharge to confined aquifers, in the seven-county Twin Cities metropolitan area was estimated by two methods. Leakage estimated by analyses of ground-water level fluctuations for 11 wells ranged from 3.2x10<sup>-3</sup> to 1.1x10<sup>-2</sup> in./yr. Leakage estimated by analyses of vertical-hydraulic gradients based on application of the Darcy flow equation for seven nested well sites ranged from 4.6x10<sup>-5</sup> to 1.1x10<sup>-1</sup> in./yr.</p>\n<p>Recharge estimates, which generally varied within 10 in./yr for each of the methods, generally were largest based on the precipitation, ground-water level fluctuation, and age dating of shallow ground water methods, slightly smaller based on the streamflow-recession displacement method, and smallest based on the watershed characteristics method. Leakage, which was less than 1 in./yr, varied within 1 order of magnitude based on the ground-water level fluctuation method and as much as 4 orders of magnitude based on analyses of vertical-hydraulic gradients.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri20024092","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Anoka, Carver, Dakota, Hennepin, Ramsey, Scott, and Washington Counties and the Minnesota Board of Soil and Water Conservation","usgsCitation":"Ruhl, J.F., Kanivetsky, R., and Shmagin, B., 2002, Estimates of recharge to unconfined aquifers and leakage to confined aquifers in the seven-county metropolitan area of Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4092, iv, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20024092.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p.","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota 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James F.","contributorId":103322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhl","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kanivetsky, Roman","contributorId":55888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kanivetsky","given":"Roman","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shmagin, Boris","contributorId":44219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shmagin","given":"Boris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":44927,"text":"wri024187 - 2002 - Water-quality, biological, and habitat assessment of the Boeuf River Basin, southeastern Arkansas, 1994-96","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:57","indexId":"wri024187","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4187","title":"Water-quality, biological, and habitat assessment of the Boeuf River Basin, southeastern Arkansas, 1994-96","docAbstract":"Water-quality and biological samples were collected at several sites in the Boeuf River Basin between November 1994 and December 1996. Water-quality and benthic macroinvertebrate community samples were collected and habitat was measured once at 25 ambient monitoring sites during periods of seasonal low flow. Water-quality storm-runoff samples were collected during 11 storm events at two sites (one draining a cotton field and one draining a forested area). Water-quality samples were collected at one site during the draining of a catfish pond.\r\n\r\nWater-quality samples from the 25 ambient sites indicate that streams in the Boeuf River Basin typically are turbid and nutrient enriched in late fall during periods of relatively low flow. Most suspended solids concentrations ranged from about 50 to 200 milligrams per liter (mg/L), most total nitrogen concentrations ranged from about 1.1 to 1.8 mg/L, and most total phosphorus concentrations ranged from about 0.25 to 0.40\r\nmg/L.\r\n\r\nSuspended solids, total nitrogen, total ammonia plus organic nitrogen, total phosphorus, and dissolved orthophosphorus concentrations from samples collected during storm events were typically higher at the cotton field site than at the forested site. Estimated annual yields of suspended solids, nitrogen, and phosphorus were substantially higher from the cotton field than from the forested area. Dissolved chloride concentrations typically were higher at the forested site than from the cotton field site. Typically, the suspended solids and nutrient concentrations from the 25 ambient sites were lower than concentrations in runoff from the cotton field but higher than concentrations in runoff from the forest area. Concentrations of sulfate, chloride, suspended solids, and some nutrients in samples from the catfish pond generally were greater than concentrations in samples from other sites. Total phosphorus, orthophosphorus, and fecal coliform bacteria concentrations from the catfish pond generally were lower than concentrations in samples from other sites.\r\n\r\nBiological condition scores calculated using macroinvertebrate samples and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Rapid Bioassessment Protocol II indicated that most of the 25 ambient sites would be in the 'moderately impaired' category. However, substantial uncertainty exists in this rating because bioassessment data were compared with data from a reference site outside of the Boeuf River Basin sampled using different methods. Several metrics indicated that communities at most of the ambient sites are composed of more tolerant macroinvertebrates than the community at the reference site.\r\n\r\nHabitat assessments (using Rapid Bioassessment Protocol II) indicated the reference site outside the Boeuf River Basin had better habitat than the ambient sites. Physical habitat scores for the 25 ambient sites indicated that most ambient sites had poor bottom substrate cover, embeddedness values, and flow and had poor to fair habitat related to most other factors. Most habitat factors at the reference site were considered good to excellent.\r\n\r\nPart of the variation in biological condition scores was explained by physical habitat scores and concentrations of suspended solids and dissolved oxygen. However, a considerable amount of variability in biological condition scores is not explained by these factors.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024187","usgsCitation":"Barks, C.S., Petersen, J., and Usrey, F.D., 2002, Water-quality, biological, and habitat assessment of the Boeuf River Basin, southeastern Arkansas, 1994-96: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4187, iv, 36 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024187.","productDescription":"iv, 36 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3804,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ar.water.usgs.gov/LOCAL_REPORTS/WRIR_02-4187/WRIR_02-4187.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":134868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47a0e4b07f02db49468a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barks, C. Shane csbarks@usgs.gov","contributorId":2088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barks","given":"C.","email":"csbarks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Shane","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":230701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petersen, James C. petersen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"James C.","email":"petersen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":230702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Usrey, Faron D.","contributorId":62875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usrey","given":"Faron","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":50691,"text":"ofr02364 - 2002 - Analysis of geophysical logs from six boreholes at Lariat Gulch, former U.S. Air Force site PJKS, Jefferson County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:23","indexId":"ofr02364","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-364","title":"Analysis of geophysical logs from six boreholes at Lariat Gulch, former U.S. Air Force site PJKS, Jefferson County, Colorado","docAbstract":"This report presents and describes geophysical logs for six boreholes in Lariat Gulch, a topographic gulch at the former U.S. Air Force site PJKS in Jefferson County near Denver, Colorado. Geophysical logs include gamma, normal resistivity, fluid-column temperature and resistivity, caliper, televiewer, and heat-pulse flowmeter. These logs were run in two boreholes penetrating only the Fountain Formation of Pennsylvanian and Permian age (logged to depths of about 65 and 570 feet) and in four boreholes (logged to depths of about 342 to 742 feet) penetrating mostly the Fountain Formation and terminating in Precambrian crystalline rock, which underlies the Fountain Formation. Data from the logs were used to identify fractures and bedding planes and to locate the contact between the two formations. The logs indicated few fractures in the boreholes and gave no indication of higher transmissivity in the contact zone between the two formations. Transmissivities for all fractures in each borehole were estimated to be less than 2 feet squared per day.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr02364","usgsCitation":"Paillet, F.L., Hodges, R.E., and Corland, B.S., 2002, Analysis of geophysical logs from six boreholes at Lariat Gulch, former U.S. Air Force site PJKS, Jefferson County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-364, 39 p., 10 figs., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02364.","productDescription":"39 p., 10 figs.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178432,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4165,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr02364","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db6804f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":38191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hodges, Richard E.","contributorId":47452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodges","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Corland, Barbara S.","contributorId":83598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corland","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":39951,"text":"wri024211 - 2002 - Ground-water, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa Area, northeastern Arizona — 2000–2001, and performance and sensitivity of the 1988 USGS numerical model of the N aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-19T22:34:18.176628","indexId":"wri024211","displayToPublicDate":"2003-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4211","title":"Ground-water, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa Area, northeastern Arizona — 2000–2001, and performance and sensitivity of the 1988 USGS numerical model of the N aquifer","docAbstract":"<p>The N aquifer is the major source of water in the 5,400-square-mile area of Black Mesa in northeastern Arizona. Availability of water is an important issue in this area because of continued industrial and municipal use, a growing population, and precipitation of about 6 to 14 inches per year.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The monitoring program in Black Mesa has been operating since 1971 and is designed to determine the long-term effects of ground-water withdrawals from the N aquifer for industrial and municipal uses. The monitoring program includes measurements of (1) ground-water pumping, (2) ground-water levels, (3) spring discharge, (4) surface-water discharge, and (5) ground-water chemistry.</p>\n<br>\n<p>In 2000, total ground-water withdrawals were 7,740 acre-feet, industrial use was 4,490 acre-feet, and municipal use was 3,250 acre-feet. From 1999 to 2000, total withdrawals increased by 9 percent, industrial use increased by 7 percent, and municipal use increased by 12 percent.</p>\n<br>\n<p>From 1999 to 2001, water levels declined in 10 of 15 wells in the unconfined part of the aquifer, and the median change was -0.4 foot. Water levels declined in 8 of 16 wells in the confined part of the aquifer, and the median change was -0.2 foot.</p> \n<br>\n<p>From the prestress period (prior to 1965) to 2001, the median water-level change for 33 wells was -17.2 feet. Median water-level changes were -1.2 feet for 15 wells in the unconfined part of the aquifer and -31.0 feet for 18 wells in the confined part.</p> \n<br>\n<p>Discharges were measured once in 1999 and once in 2001 at four springs. Discharges decreased by 5 percent and 33 percent at two springs and increased by 3 percent and 81 percent at two springs. For about the past 10 years, discharges did not significantly change in Burro Spring, the unnamed spring near Dennehotso, and Moenkopi School Spring. The record of discharge from a consistent measuring point for Pasture Canyon Spring is too short for statistical analysis of trends.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Continuous records of surface-water discharge have been collected from July 1976 to 2000 at Moenkopi Wash, July 1996 to 2000 at Laguna Creek, June 1993 to 2000 at Dinnebito Wash, and April 1994 to 2000 at Polacca Wash. Median flows for November, December, January, and February of each water year were used as an index of ground-water discharge to those streams. There is no significant trend in the median winter flows for Moenkopi Wash from 1977 to 2000. The records for the other three streams are too short for a statistical analysis of trends. The median winter flows for Dinnebito Wash and Polacca Wash, however, appear to have decreased during the last 6 years. There is no apparent trend in the median winter flows for Laguna Creek since 1997.<p> \n<br>\n<p>In 2001, water samples were collected from 12 wells and 4 springs and analyzed for selected chemical constituents. Dissolved-solids concentrations ranged from 102 to 628 milligrams per liter. Water samples from 9 of the wells and from the 4 springs had less than 350 milligrams per liter of dissolved solids. Water-chemistry data with sufficient years of record for a statistical analysis of trends over time are available from 7 wells and 4 springs. From about the mid-1980s or early 1990s to 2001 there are no significant trends in the concentrations of dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate in water samples from 6 of the 7 wells. The concentration of one tested constituent (dissolved solids) in samples from Rocky Ridge PM3 significantly increased from 1990 to 2001. From the late 1980s to 2001, there are no significant trends in the concentrations of dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate in water samples from Burro Spring, the unnamed spring near Dennehotso, and Pasture Canyon Spring. From 1987 to 2001, concentrations of chloride and sulfate significantly increased in water samples from Moenkopi School Spring and concentrations of dissolved solids did not significantly change.</p> \n<br>\n<p>The performance and sensitivity of the 1988\nUSGS numerical model of the N aquifer were\nanalyzed. The overall performance of the model in\nsteady-state conditions is reasonable for residuals\nof heads (difference between observed and\nsimulated steady-state heads); 80 percent of the\nabsolute values of residuals are less than 38 feet.\nSimulated flows are about 40 percent different\nthan estimated flows at two of three discharge\nareas; however, this comparison is only a rough\napproximation of performance because the\naccuracy of the estimated steady-state flows is\nuncertain.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The overall performance of the model for\ntransient conditions is fair for residuals of changes\nin head (difference between observed and\nsimulated changes in head from steady state to\n1999); 80 percent of the absolute values of\nresiduals are less than 31 feet. The model is biased\nin two areas. In the Tuba City area, simulated\nchanges in head are more negative than observed\nchanges in head; all six residuals are positive, and\nthree residuals are between 75 and 155 feet. In the\nconfined area of the aquifer, observed changes in\nhead are more negative than simulated changes in\nhead; 12 of the 17 residuals are negative, and\n8 residuals are between -57 and -20 feet.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Analysis of model sensitivity indicates that\nrecharge, transmissivity, and storage coefficient\nare the most important parameters for estimating\nheads, changes in heads, and flows. A strong\ncorrelation between recharge and transmissivity\nand a lack of independent and reliable estimates of\nrecharge, transmissivity, and discharge create a\nuniqueness problem in model calibration. Several\nmodels could be constructed and calibrated with\ndifferent values of recharge or transmissivity and\nstill have similar fits to the observed data.\nInformation from recent data and studies and more\nadvanced modeling techniques could be used to\ndevelop a more representative and less uncertain\nmodel. Future data collection and studies should\nfocus on obtaining a better definition of recharge,\ndischarge, transmissivity, and storage coefficient.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Tucson, AZ","doi":"10.3133/wri024211","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arizona Department of Water Resources and Bureau of Indian Affairs","usgsCitation":"Thomas, B.E., 2002, Ground-water, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa Area, northeastern Arizona — 2000–2001, and performance and sensitivity of the 1988 USGS numerical model of the N aquifer: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4211, vii, 76 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024211.","productDescription":"vii, 76 p.","numberOfPages":"84","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288425,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":394547,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52780.htm"},{"id":288424,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4211/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Black Mesa area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.4167,\n              35.5833\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.5833,\n              35.5833\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.5833,\n              36.8833\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.4167,\n              36.8833\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.4167,\n              35.5833\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649ba5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Blakemore E.","contributorId":93871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Blakemore","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":50725,"text":"ofr02471 - 2002 - Streamflow characteristics for selected stations in and near the Grand Mesa, Uncompahgre, and Gunnison National Forests, southwestern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:12","indexId":"ofr02471","displayToPublicDate":"2003-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-471","title":"Streamflow characteristics for selected stations in and near the Grand Mesa, Uncompahgre, and Gunnison National Forests, southwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"The U.S Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Grand Mesa, Uncompahgre, and Gunnison National Forests, began a study in 2000 to develop selected streamflow characteristics for 60 streamflow-gaging stations in and near the Grand Mesa, Uncompahgre, and Gunnison National Forests. The study area is located in southwestern Colorado within the Gunnison River, Dolores River, and Plateau Creek Basins, which are tributaries of the Colorado River. \r\n\r\nIn addition to presenting the compiled daily, monthly, and annual discharge data for the 60 stations, the report presents tabular and graphical results for the following computed streamflow characteristics: (1) Instantaneous peak-flow frequency; (2) flow duration for daily mean discharges on an annual (water year) basis and on a monthly basis, and flow duration for the annual and monthly mean discharges; (3) low-flow and high-flow frequency of daily mean discharges for periods of 1, 3, 7, 15, 30, 60, 120, and 183 consecutive days; and (4) annual and monthly mean and median discharges for each year and month of record, and frequency of the annual and monthly mean and median discharges. All discharge data and results from the streamflow-characteristics analyses are presented in Microsoft Excel workbooks on the enclosed CD-ROM.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr02471","usgsCitation":"Kuhn, G., 2002, Streamflow characteristics for selected stations in and near the Grand Mesa, Uncompahgre, and Gunnison National Forests, southwestern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-471, 1 CD-ROM : ill., col. map ; 3 3/4 in.; 32 p., 10 figs., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02471.","productDescription":"1 CD-ROM : ill., col. map ; 3 3/4 in.; 32 p., 10 figs.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":4211,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr02471/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":176802,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4e67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuhn, Gerhard","contributorId":102080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuhn","given":"Gerhard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":47744,"text":"wri20024170 - 2002 - Estimating the magnitude of peak flows at selected recurrence intervals for streams in Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-21T12:56:31","indexId":"wri20024170","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4170","title":"Estimating the magnitude of peak flows at selected recurrence intervals for streams in Idaho","docAbstract":"Methods for estimating magnitudes of peak flows at various recurrence intervals, needed for highway-structure and water-control design and planning, were developed for gaged and ungaged sites on streams throughout Idaho. Recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 500 years were selected for analysis of peak flows. For gaged sites in Idaho, peak-flow estimates were calculated by fitting a log-Pearson Type III distribution to the annual peak-flow data for each site. Annual peak flows through 1997 were used in the analysis. Basin and climatic characteristics for these gaged sites were calculated from 1:24,000 digitalelevation models and various thematic data coverages using a geographic information system. Peak- flow data and basin and climatic characteristics for 333 gaged sites were combined to develop a database that was used for the analysis. To estimate the magnitude of peak flows at ungaged sites near gaged sites on the same stream, a method was developed on the basis of drainage-area ratios. To estimate the magnitude of peak flows for ungaged sites on unregulated and undiverted streams, two regional regression methods were developed. The first regression method, termed the regional regression method, used generalized least-squares regression to develop a set of predictive equations for estimating peak flows at selected recurrence intervals for seven hydrologic regions in Idaho. These regional regression equations related basin and climatic characteristics to peak flows. The regional regression equations were all functions of drainage area plus one or two other basin characteristics. Average errors of prediction for these regression equations ranged from +143 percent to 58.8 percent. The range of errors was narrowest,\nfrom about +51.9 to about 34.2, for region 5. Error ranges were usually narrower for the middle recurrence intervals than for the lower and upper recurrence intervals. A computer program was developed to calculate the magnitude of peak flows at each recurrence interval, the average error of prediction, and the 90-percent confidence interval for each ungaged site. The second regression method, termed the region-of-influence method, was used to develop a unique regression equation for each estimate that is based on a subset of gaged sites with values of basin and climatic characteristics similar to those for the ungaged sites. All 333 gages in the database were used to select the subset. Root-mean-squared errors for this method ranged from 55.5 percent to 72.4 percent. Differences in root-mean-squared errors between regional regression equations and the region-of-influence method were quite large. The average difference in root-mean-squared errors for the region-of-influence method was more than 10 percent greater than the average differences for the regional regression equations. For region 5, the average difference was greater than 20 percent. However, for region 8, the root-mean-squared errors were, in general, only slightly smaller for the region-of-influence method than for the regional regression equations.\nThe region-of-influence method is not recommended for use in determining flood-frequency estimates for ungaged sites in Idaho because the results, overall, are less accurate and the calculations are more complex than those of regional regression equations. The regional regression equations were considered to be the primary method of estimating the magnitude and frequency of peak flows for ungaged sites in Idaho.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri20024170","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Idaho Transportation Department, Idaho Bureau of Disaster Services, and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Berenbrock, C., 2002, Estimating the magnitude of peak flows at selected recurrence intervals for streams in Idaho (Legacy Report, Revised July 2007): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4170, vi, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20024170.","productDescription":"vi, 59 p.","numberOfPages":"64","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262362,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4170/report.pdf"},{"id":262363,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4170/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":265415,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4170/"},{"id":265416,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4170/data/wrir20024170_idregeq.zip"},{"id":266779,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4170/idregeq.zip"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho;Montana;Nevada;Oregon;Washington;Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.07,41.02 ], [ -119.07,49.0 ], [ -109.74,49.0 ], [ -109.74,41.02 ], [ -119.07,41.02 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Legacy Report, Revised July 2007","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49a9e4b07f02db5c366b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berenbrock, Charles","contributorId":30598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berenbrock","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":45088,"text":"wri024246 - 2002 - Water and bed-sediment quality in the vicinity of Berlin Lake, Ohio, 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-17T08:18:59","indexId":"wri024246","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4246","displayTitle":"Water and Bed-Sediment Quality in the Vicinity of Berlin Lake, Ohio, 2001","title":"Water and bed-sediment quality in the vicinity of Berlin Lake, Ohio, 2001","docAbstract":"<p>Berlin Lake, in northeast Ohio, was created by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in 1943 and is used primarily for flood control for the upper reaches of the Mahoning River. The area surrounding and under the lake has been tapped for oil and natural gas production. One of the by-products of oil and gas production is concentrated salt water or brine, which might have an effect on the chemical quality of area potable-water sources. This report presents the results of a U.S. Geological Survey baseline study to collect current (2001) water and sediment-quality data and to characterize water quality in the Berlin Lake watershed.</p><p>Chloride-to-bromide ratios were used to detect the presence of brine in water samples and to indicate possible adverse effects on water quality. Analyses of ground-water samples from domestic wells in the area indicate a source of chloride and bromide, but defining the source would require more data collection.</p><p>Analyses of specific conductance and dissolved solids indicate that 78 percent (14 of 18) of the ground-water samples exceeded the Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level for dissolved solids in public water supplies of 500 milligrams per liter (mg/L), compared to 6 percent of samples exceeding 500 mg/L in two nearby studies.</p><p>Surface water was analyzed twice, once each during low-flow and surface runoff conditions. A comparison of the 2001 data to historical chloride concentrations, accounting for seasonal changes, does not indicate an increase in chloride loads for surface water in the area of Berlin Lake.</p><p>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were found in bed-sediment samples collected from the mouths of major tributaries to Berlin Lake. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are produced during the incomplete combustion of organic carbon materials such as wood and fossil fuels, and they are components of petroleum products.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri024246","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Darner, R.A., 2002, Water and bed-sediment quality in the vicinity of Berlin Lake, Ohio, 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4246, v, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024246.","productDescription":"v, 31 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3933,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4246/wri20024246.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.11 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRIR 2002-4246"},{"id":135868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4246/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:oh_dc@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:oh_dc@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/oki-water/\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/oki-water/\">Ohio Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>6460 Busch Blvd. <br>Columbus, OH 43229</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Description of study area</li><li>Methods of Study</li><li>Water and Bed-Sediment Quality</li><li>Summary and Conclusions</li><li>References Cited</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb5c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Darner, Robert A. 0000-0003-1333-8265 radarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1333-8265","contributorId":1972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darner","given":"Robert","email":"radarner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":231085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":44917,"text":"wri024215 - 2002 - Streamflow and nutrient data for the Yazoo River below Steele Bayou near Long Lake, Mississippi, 1996-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-29T12:45:04","indexId":"wri024215","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4215","title":"Streamflow and nutrient data for the Yazoo River below Steele Bayou near Long Lake, Mississippi, 1996-2000","docAbstract":"Increased nutrient loading to the Gulf of Mexico from off-continent flux has been identified as contributing to the increase in the areal extent of the low dissolved-oxygen zone that develops annually off the Louisiana and Texas coast. The proximity of the Yazoo River Basin in northwestern Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico, and the intensive agricultural activities in the basin have led to speculation that the Yazoo River Basin contributes a disproportionate amount of nitrogen and phosphorus to the Mississippi River and ultimately to the Gulf of Mexico. An empirical measurement of the flux of nitrogen and phosphorus from the Yazoo Basin has not been possible due to the hydrology of the lower Yazoo River Basin. \r\n\r\nStreamflow for the Yazoo River below Steele Bayou is affected by backwater from the Mississippi River. Flow at the gage is non-uniform and varying, with bi-directional and reverse flows possible. Streamflow was computed by using remote sensing and acoustic and conventional discharge and velocity measurement techniques. Streamflow from the Yazoo River for the 1996-2000 period accounted for 2.8 percent of the flow of the Mississippi River for the same period.\r\n\r\nWater samples from the Yazoo River were collected from February 1996 through December 2000 and were analyzed for total nitrogen, nitrate, total phosphorus, and orthophosphorus as part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program. These data were used to compute annual loads of nitrogen and phosphorus discharged from the Yazoo River for the period 1996-2000. \r\n\r\nAnnual loads of nitrogen and phosphorus were calculated by two methods. The first method used multivariate regression and the second method multiplied the mean annual concentration by the total annual flow. Load estimates based on the product of the mean annual concentration and the total annual flow were within the 95 percent confidence interval for the load calculated by multivariate regression in 10 of 20 cases. The Yazoo River loads, compared to average annual loads in the Mississippi River, indicated that the Yazoo River was contributing 1.4 percent of the total nitrogen load, 0.7 percent of the nitrate load, 3.4 percent of the total phosphorus load, and 1.6 percent of the orthophosphorus load during 1996 - 2000. The total nitrogen, nitrate, and orthophosphorus loads in the Yazoo River Basin were less than expected, whereas the total phosphorus load was slightly higher than expected based on discharge.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024215","usgsCitation":"Runner, M.S., Turnipseed, D.P., and Coupe, R.H., 2002, Streamflow and nutrient data for the Yazoo River below Steele Bayou near Long Lake, Mississippi, 1996-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4215, viii, 35 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024215.","productDescription":"viii, 35 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":161517,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3796,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ms.water.usgs.gov/publications/WRIR_02_4215.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aee2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Runner, Michael S. msrunner@usgs.gov","contributorId":3497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runner","given":"Michael","email":"msrunner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":230676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turnipseed, D. Phil 0000-0002-9737-3203 pturnip@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-3203","contributorId":298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turnipseed","given":"D.","email":"pturnip@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Phil","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coupe, Richard H. 0000-0001-8679-1015 rhcoupe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8679-1015","contributorId":551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coupe","given":"Richard","email":"rhcoupe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":47455,"text":"pp1419 - 2002 - Geology and hydrogeology of the Caribbean Islands aquifer system of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-13T17:06:37.181925","indexId":"pp1419","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1419","title":"Geology and hydrogeology of the Caribbean Islands aquifer system of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands","docAbstract":"<p>Poorly lithified to unconsolidated carbonate and clastic sedimentary rocks of Tertiary (Oligocene to Pliocene) and Quaternary (Pleistocene to Holocene) age compose the South Coast aquifer and the North Coast limestone aquifer system of Puerto Rico; poorly lithified to unlithified carbonate rocks of late Tertiary (early Miocene to Pliocene) age make up the Kingshill aquifer of St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. The South Coast aquifer, North Coast limestone aquifer system, and Kingshill aquifer are the most areally extensive and function as the major sources of ground water in the U.S. Caribbean Islands Regional Aquifer-System Analysis (CI-RASA) study area.</p><p>In Puerto Rico's South Coast ground-water province, more than 1,000 meters of clastic and carbonate rocks of Oligocene to Pliocene age infill the South Coast Tertiary Basin. The pattern of lithofacies within this basin appears to have been controlled by changes in base level that were, at times, dominated by tectonic movement (uplift and subsidence), but were also influenced by eustasy. Deposition of the 70-kilometer long and 3- to 8-kilometer wide fan-delta plain that covers much of the South Coast ground-water province occurred largely in response to glacially-induced changes in sea level and climate during the Quaternary period. Tectonic movement played a much less important role during the Quaternary.</p><p>The North Coast ground-water province of Puerto Rico is underlain by homoclinal coastal plain wedge of carbonate and siliciclastic rocks that infill the North Coast Tertiary Basin and thicken to more than 1,700 meters. A thin basal siliciclastic sequence of late Oligocene age is overlain by a thick section of mostly carbonate rocks of Oligocene to middle Miocene age. Globigerinid limestone of late Miocene to Pliocene age crops out and lies in the shallow subsurface areas of northwestern Puerto Rico. Oligocene to middle Miocene age rocks tentatively can be divided into five depositional sequences and associated systems tracts; these rocks record carbonate and minor siliciclastic deposition that occurred in response to changes in relative sea level. The Cibao Formation represents the most complex of these sequences and contains a varied facies of carbonate, mixed carbonate-siliciclastic, and siliciclastic rocks that reflect differential uplift, subsidence, and transgression of the sea.</p><p>Uplift, graben formation, and gradual shallowing of the sea are reflected within the bathyal-dominated sedimentary facies of the Kingshill Limestone in St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. Reef-tract limestone beds of Pliocene age were subject to exposure, resubmergence, and meteoric leaching of aragonitic skeletal debris; these beds contain patchy lenses of dolomite that are restricted to a small, structurally-controlled embayment.</p><p>The South Coast aquifer, the principal water-bearing unit of Puerto Rico's South Coast ground-water province, consists of boulder- to silt-size detritus formed by large and small coalescing fan deltas of Pleistocene to Holocene age. Deep well data indicates that it is possible to vertically separate and group a highly complex and irregular-bedded detrital sequence that underlies distal parts of the fan-delta plain into discrete water-bearing units if correlated with 30- to 40-meter thick, eustatically-controlled depositional cycles. Lithofacies maps show that greatest hydraulic conductivity within the fan-delta plain is generally associated with proximal fan and midfan areas. Distal and interfan areas are least permeable. Alluvial valley aquifers located in the western part of the South Coast ground-water province are important local sources of water supply and appear to contain some of the same physical and hydraulic characteristics as the South Coast aquifer. Older sedimentary rocks within the basin are poor aquifers; conglomeratic beds are well-cemented, and carbonate beds do not contain well-developed solution features, except locally where the beds are overlain by alluvium. Ground-water occurs under unconfined conditions in proximal and midfan areas. Confined conditions within deeper parts of the system and in interfan and some midfan areas are created largely by the intercalated nature of discontinuous fine-grained beds that retard vertical ground-water movement.</p><p>The development of water resources in southern Puerto Rico has modified the hydrologic system of the South Coast aquifer considerably. Under predevelopment conditions, the South Coast aquifer was recharged in the unconfined, proximal fan and some midfan areas by infrequent rainfall and seepage from streams near the fan apex. Discharge occurred as seabed seepage, baseflow discharge along the lower coastal reach of streams, seepage to coastal wetlands, or evapotranspiration in areas underlain by a shallow water table. Under development conditions, seepage from irrigation canals and areal recharge from furrow irrigation represented a principal mechanism for recharge to the aquifer. Increased ground-water withdrawals in the 1960's and 1970's resulted in declines in the water table to below sea level in some places and intrusion of salt water into the aquifer. By the middle 1980's, a reduction in ground-water withdrawals and a shift from furrow irrigation to drip-irrigation techniques resulted in the recovery of water levels. Under present-day (1986) conditions, regional ground-water flow is coastward but with local movement to some well fields. In addition to the discharge mechanisms described above, ground-water discharges also to coastal canals.</p><p>The North Coast limestone aquifer system consists of limestone, lesser amounts of dolomite, and minor clastic detritus of Oligocene to Pliocene age that form an unconfined upper aquifer and a confined lower aquifer; these aquifers are separated by a clay, mudstone, and marl confining unit. Topographic relief and incision of carbonate coastal plain rocks by streams are the principal factors controlling the direction of ground-water flow. The North Coast limestone aquifer system is recharged principally by precipitation that enters the upper and lower aquifers where they crop out. Regional groundwater movement from the upper aquifer is to the major rivers, wells, coastal wetlands, coastal, nearshore, and offshore springs, or as seabed seepage. Regional discharge from the lower aquifer is to the major rivers along its unconfined parts or where the confining unit has been breached by streams. Discharge from the lower aquifer also occurs in the San Juan area where the Mucarabones Sand provides an avenue for diffuse upward ground-water flow. Transmissivity within the upper limestone aquifer appears to be largely regulated by the thickness of the freshwater lens. The lens is thickest and transmissivity is greatest in interstream areas that lie in a zone that closely corresponds to the landwardmost extent of the underlying saltwater wedge. Hydraulic conductivity of the upper aquifer generally increases in a coastward direction and reflects lithologic control, karstification in the upper 30 to 100 meters of the section, and enhanced permeability in a zone of freshwater and saltwater mixing. Transmissivity of the lower aquifer is an order of magnitude smaller than that of the upper aquifer; highest transmissivities in the lower aquifer largely correspond to a coarse grainstone-packstone and coral-patch-reef depositional facies contained within the outcropping parts of the Montebello Limestone Member and its subsurface equivalents. Porosity within the North Coast limestone aquifer system is high in grainstone-packstones and low in wackestone and marl. Dolomitized zones and moldic grainstone-packstone strata are the most porous carbonate rocks, but occur in thin beds that usually are only a few meters thick. Processes of karstification that include the development of caverous zones and large vugs, and dissolution along possible regional fracture sets has enhanced permeability within the upper part of the aquifer system. Stratigraphic and lithologic control play an important role controlling permeability within the lower part of the system.</p><p>The Kingshill aquifer of St. Croix, in large part, is composed of deepwater limestone that contains only microscopic pores and is poorly permeable; however, the upper part of the aquifer, a shallow-water skeletal and reef limestone, is fairly permeable, but restricted in areal extent. Permeability within these uppermost beds of the aquifer has been enhanced by meteoric leaching, dissolution within a mixing zone of saltwater and fresh water, and dolomitization. However, most large-yield wells completed in the Kingshill aquifer are also screened in alluvium that overlies or infills incised channels. The alluvial deposits serve as a temporary storage zone for rainfall, runoff, and ground water slowly entering the Kingshill aquifer.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1419","usgsCitation":"Renken, R.A., Ward, W.C., Gill, I.P., Gómez-Gómez, F., and Rodríguez-Martínez, J., 2002, Geology and hydrogeology of the Caribbean Islands aquifer system of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1419, Report: ix, 139 p.; 5 Plates: 42.00 × 50.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1419.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 139 p.; 5 Plates: 42.00 × 50.00 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":405228,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54502.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":3982,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1419/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":120562,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1419.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","otherGeospatial":"U.S. Virgin Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -64.55429077148438,\n              17.748686651728807\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.67926025390625,\n              18.320633115866578\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.70809936523438,\n              18.394927021680232\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.918212890625,\n              18.428804841695072\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.40435791015625,\n              18.375379094031825\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.79025268554688,\n              18.432713391700858\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.016845703125,\n              18.47960905583197\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.15255737304688,\n              18.539512627214105\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.29949951171875,\n              18.367559302479318\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.22396850585936,\n              17.947380678685217\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.64581298828125,\n              17.901648443590073\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.96902465820312,\n              17.679353156672477\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.77951049804688,\n              17.647948051340578\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.55429077148438,\n              17.748686651728807\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db685294","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Renken, Robert A. rarenken@usgs.gov","contributorId":269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Renken","given":"Robert","email":"rarenken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":235412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ward, W. C.","contributorId":8925,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ward","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gill, I. P.","contributorId":68064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"I.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gómez-Gómez, Fernando","contributorId":31366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gómez-Gómez","given":"Fernando","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rodríguez-Martínez, Jesús","contributorId":48149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodríguez-Martínez","given":"Jesús","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":50501,"text":"ofr02265 - 2002 - Hydrogeologic data for the Coconino Plateau and adjacent areas, Coconino and Yavapai counties, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-25T09:54:46","indexId":"ofr02265","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-265","title":"Hydrogeologic data for the Coconino Plateau and adjacent areas, Coconino and Yavapai counties, Arizona","docAbstract":"<p>Data on geology, topography, hydrology, climate, land use, and vegetation were compiled between October 2000 and September 2001 and assembled into a database for use by local and regional waterresource managers and for future water-resource investigations. The hydrologic data include information on wells, springs, streamflow, water chemistry, and water use. Limitations of the data and additional data needs also were prepared. The roughly 5,000-square-mile Coconino Plateau contains a complex regional aquifer that has become increasingly important as a source of water supply for domestic, municipal, and in-stream uses owing to population growth and development. The flow characteristics of the regional aquifer are poorly understood because the aquifer is deeply buried, which limits exploratory drilling and testing, and because the geologic structure, which controls the occurrence and movement of ground water, is complex. The study area is about 10,300 square miles and, besides containing the entire Coconino Plateau, includes parts of adjacent areas where ground water from the Coconino Plateau discharges. Selected data are presented in tabular or graphical form. All data are available in electronic form.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Tucson, AZ","doi":"10.3133/ofr02265","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Williams","usgsCitation":"Bills, D., and Flynn, M., 2002, Hydrogeologic data for the Coconino Plateau and adjacent areas, Coconino and Yavapai counties, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-265, Report: vi, 29 p.; Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02265.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 29 p.; Tables","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287825,"rank":4,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr02265.gif"},{"id":287824,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0265/report.pdf"},{"id":296283,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0265/","size":"6.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296284,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0265/ofr02-265_Tables1-7.xls","size":"5.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic projection","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Coconino County, Yavapai County","otherGeospatial":"Coconino Plateau","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.0,35.0 ], [ -113.0,36.5 ], [ -111.0,36.5 ], [ -111.0,35.0 ], [ -113.0,35.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae11c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bills, Donald J. djbills@usgs.gov","contributorId":4180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bills","given":"Donald J.","email":"djbills@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":241624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flynn, Marilyn E. meflynn@usgs.gov","contributorId":1039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"Marilyn E.","email":"meflynn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":44567,"text":"wri024238 - 2002 - Flow-frequency characteristics of Vermont streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:53","indexId":"wri024238","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4238","title":"Flow-frequency characteristics of Vermont streams","docAbstract":"The safe and economical design of infrastructure in and near waterways and the effective management of flood-hazard areas require information on streamflow that may not be readily available. This report provides estimates of flow-frequency characteristics for gaged streams in Vermont and describes methods for estimating flow-frequency characteristics for ungaged streams. The flow-frequency characteristics investigated are the magnitude of peak discharges at recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 500 years, and the magnitude of daily-mean discharges exceeded 25, 50, and 75 percent of the time.\r\n\r\nPeak-flow frequency characteristics for gaged streams were computed following the guidelines in Bulletin 17B of the U.S. Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data. To determine the peak-flow exceedance probabilities at stream-gaging stations in Vermont, a new generalized skew coefficient map for the State was developed. This new map has greater resolution and more current data than the existing National map. The standard error of the new map is 0.269.\r\n\r\nTwo methods of extending streamflow record were applied to improve estimates of peak-flow frequency for streams with short flow records (10 to 15 years) in small drainage areas (sites less than 15 square miles). In the first method, a two-station comparison, data from a long-record site was used to adjust the frequency characteristics at the short-record site. This method was applied to 31 crest-stage gages--stations at which only instantaneous peak discharges are determined--in Vermont. The second method used rainfall-runoff modeling. Precipitation and evapotranspiration data from 1948 to 1999 for numerous climate data-collection sites were used as input to a model to simulate flows at 10 stream-gaging stations in Vermont.\r\n\r\nAlso, methods are described to estimate flow-frequency characteristics for ungaged and unregulated rural streams in Vermont. The peak-flow estimating methods were developed by generalized-least-squares regression procedures with data from 138 U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations in Vermont and in adjacent areas of New York, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Quebec. The flow-duration (daily flow exceeded a given percentage of the time) estimating methods were developed by ordinary-least-squares regression procedures with data from 81 stream-gaging stations in Vermont and adjacent states.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024238","usgsCitation":"Olson, S.A., 2002, Flow-frequency characteristics of Vermont streams: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4238, iv, 47 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024238.","productDescription":"iv, 47 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":135008,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3783,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024238/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aee4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olson, Scott A. 0000-0002-1064-2125 solson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1064-2125","contributorId":2059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Scott","email":"solson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}