Granitic rocks in the west-central Adirondack Highlands of New York State include both relatively homogeneous charnockitic and hornblende granitic gneisses (CG), that occur in thick stratiform bodies and elliptical domes, and heterogeneous leucogneisses (LG), that commonly are interlayered with metasedimentary rocks. Major- and trace-element geochemical analyses were obtained for 115 samples, including both types of granitoids. Data for CG fail to show the presence of more than one distinct group based on composition. Most of the variance within the CG sample population is consistent with magmatic differentiation combined with incomplete separation of early crystals of alkali feldspar, plagioclase, and pyroxenes or amphibole from the residual liquid. Ti, Fe, Mg, Ca, P, Sr, Ba, and Zr decrease with increasing silica, while Rb and K increase. Within CG, the distinction between charnockitic (orthopyroxene-bearing) and granitic gneisses is correlated with bulk chemistry. The charnockites are consistently more mafic than the hornblende granitic gneisses, although forming a continuum with them. The leucogneisses, while generally more felsic than the charnockites and granitic gneisses, are otherwise geochemically similar to them. The data are consistent with the LG suite being an evolved extrusive equivalent of the intrusive CG suite.
Both CG and LG suites are metaluminous to mildly peraluminous and display an A-type geochemical signature, enriched in Fe, K, Ce, Y, Nb, Zr, and Ga and depleted in Ca, Mg, and Sr relative to I- and S-type granites. Rare earth element patterns show moderate LREE enrichment and a negative Eu anomaly throughout the suite. The geochemical data suggest an origin by partial melting of biotite- and plagioclase-rich crustal rocks. Emplacement occurred in an anorogenic or post-collisional tectonic setting, probably at relatively shallow depths. Deformation and granulite-facies metamorphism with some partial melting followed during the Ottawan phase of the Grenville Orogeny, yielding the present migmatitic granitic and charnockitic gneisses.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0301-9268(92)90092-3","issn":"03019268","usgsCitation":"Whitney, P., 1992, Charnockites and granites of the western Adirondacks, New York, USA: A differentiated A-type suite: Precambrian Research, v. 57, no. 1-2, p. 1-19, https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(92)90092-3.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224960,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"western Adirondacks","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.3444346849542,\n 44.25450535926828\n ],\n [\n -76.68150298069823,\n 43.11492967543458\n ],\n [\n -73.30922757499911,\n 43.11492967543458\n ],\n [\n -73.32301858873224,\n 44.99911340708431\n ],\n [\n -74.94383593925178,\n 45.01402411441677\n ],\n [\n -76.3444346849542,\n 44.25450535926828\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"57","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f505e4b0c8380cd4c051","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitney, P.R.","contributorId":46671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitney","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017221,"text":"70017221 - 1992 - The nature of Archean terrane boundaries: An example from the northern Wyoming Province","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-26T15:49:41.505183","indexId":"70017221","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3112,"text":"Precambrian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The nature of Archean terrane boundaries: An example from the northern Wyoming Province","docAbstract":"The Archean northern Wyoming Province can be subdivided into two geologically distinct terranes, the Beartooth-Bighorn magmatic terrane (BBMT) and the Montana metasedimentary terrane (MMT). The BBMT is characterized by voluminous Late Archean (2.90-2.74 Ga) magmatic rocks (primarily tonalite, trondhjemite, and granite); metasedimentary rocks are preserved only as small, rare enclaves in this magmatic terrane. The magmatic rocks typically have geochemical and isotopic signatures that suggest petrogenesis in a continental magmatic arc environment. The MMT, as exposed in the northern Gallatin and Madison Ranges, is dominated by Middle Archean trondhjemitic gneisses (3.2-3.0 Ga); metasedimentary rocks, however, are significantly more abundant than in the BBMT. Each terrane has experienced a separate and distinct geologic history since at least 3.6 Ga ago based on differences in metamorphic and structural styles, composition of magmatic and metasupracrustal rocks, and isotopic ages; consequently, these may be described as discrete terranes in the Cordilleran sense. Nonetheless, highly radiogenic and distinctive Pb-Pb isotopic signatures in rocks of all ages in both terranes indicate that the two terranes share a significant aspect of their history. This suggests that these two Early to Middle Archean crustal blocks, that initially evolved as part of a larger crustal province, experienced different geologic histories from at least 3.6 Ga until their juxtaposition in the Late Archean (between 2.75 to 2.55 Ga ago). Consequently, the boundary between the BBMT and MMT appears to separate terranes that are not likely to be exotic in the sense of their Phanerozoic counterparts. Other Archean provinces do appear to contain crustal blocks with different isotopic signatures (e.g. West Greenland, India, South Africa). The use of the term exotic, therefore, must be cautious in situations where geographic indicators such as paleontologic and/or paleomagnetic data are not available. In these cases, isotopic signatures are one of the most useful features for assessing overall genetic relations amongst geologically distinct terranes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0301-9268(92)90020-O","issn":"03019268","usgsCitation":"Mogk, D., Mueller, P., and Wooden, J.L., 1992, The nature of Archean terrane boundaries: An example from the northern Wyoming Province: Precambrian Research, v. 55, no. 1-4, p. 155-168, https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(92)90020-O.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"168","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225209,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.55529310473639,\n 46.02443624860163\n ],\n [\n -113.55529310473639,\n 42.71679616981024\n ],\n [\n -108.80938447644624,\n 42.71679616981024\n ],\n [\n -108.80938447644624,\n 46.02443624860163\n ],\n [\n -113.55529310473639,\n 46.02443624860163\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"55","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae02e4b08c986b323eb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mogk, D.W.","contributorId":61575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mogk","given":"D.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mueller, P.A.","contributorId":86117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":38375,"text":"pp1523 - 1992 - Chemistry of the subalkalic silicic obsidians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T16:08:20","indexId":"pp1523","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1523","title":"Chemistry of the subalkalic silicic obsidians","docAbstract":"Nonhydrated obsidians are quenched magmatic liquids that record in their chemical compositions details of the tectonic environment of formation and of the differentiation mechanisms that affected their subsequent evolution. This study attempts to analyze, in terms of geologic processes, the compositional variations in the subalkalic silicic obsidians (Si02≥70 percent by weight, molecular (Na2O+K20)>Al2O3). New major- and trace-element determinations of 241 samples and a compilation of 130 published major-element analyses are reported and interpreted. Obsidians from five different tectonic settings are recognized: (1) primitive island arcs, (2) mature island arcs, (3) continental margins, (4) continental interiors, and (5) oceanic extensional zones. Tectonomagmatic discrimination between these groups is successfully made on Nb-Ta, Nb-FeOt and Th-Hf-Ta plots, and compositional ranges and averages for each group are presented. The chemical differences between groups are related to the type of crust in which magmas were generated. With increasingly sialic (continental type) crust, the obsidians show overall enrichment in F, Be, Li, Mo, Nb, Rb, Sn, Ta, U, W, Zn, and the rare-earth elements, and depletion in Mg, Ca, Ba, Co, Sc, Sr, and Zr. They become more potassic, have higher Fe/Mg and F/Cl ratios, and lower Zr/Hf, Nb/Ta, and Th/U ratios. Higher values of total rare-earth elements are accompanied by light rare-earth-element enrichment and pronounced negative Eu anomalies. An attempt is made to link obsidian chemistry to genetic mechanlism. Two broad groups of rocks are distinguished: one generated where crystal-liquid processes dominated (CLPD types), which are the products of crustal anatexis, possibly under conditions of low halogen fugacity, ± crystal fractionation ± magma mixing; and a second group represented by rocks formed in the upper parts of large magma chambers by interplays of crystal fractionation, volatile transfer, magma mixing, and possibly various liquid-state differentiation mechanisms, or in other words a complex interaction of petrogenetic processes (CIPP types). Such rocks may also form by volatile-fluxed partial melting of the wallrocks, and subsequent mixing into the magma reservoir. Compositional ranges and averages for CLPD and CIPP obsidians are given. It is shown by analogy with well-documented, zoned ash-flow ruffs that obsidians fractionated by CIPP have very low Mg, P, Ba, and Sr contents, flat rare-earth-element patterns with extensive Eu anomalies, low K/Rb and Zr/Nb ratios, and relatively high Na2O/K2O ratios. There is, however, considerable compositional overlap between CLPD and CIPP obsidians. The effects of magma mixing, assimilation, and vapor-phase transport in producing compositional variations in the obsidians are briefly assessed. The geochemistry of the subalkalic silicic obsidians is described on an element-by-element basis, in order to provide a database for silicic magma compositions that will hopefully contribute to studies of granitic rocks. Attempts are also made to isolate the geochemical effects of tectonic environment and genetic mechanism for each element, by comparison with data from crystal-liquid equilibria-controlled systems, from ash-flow sheets zoned by CIPP, and from mixed-magma series. A final tabulation relates the complexities of obsidian geochemistry to all the tectonic and genetic variables.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1523","usgsCitation":"MacDonald, R., Smith, R.L., and Thomas, J.E., 1992, Chemistry of the subalkalic silicic obsidians: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1523, Report: vi, 214 p.; 3 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1523.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 214 p.; 3 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"224","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":619,"text":"Volcano Science Center-Menlo Park","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276593,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1523/downloads/pp1523_appendix1.csv","text":"Appendix 1","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"}},{"id":333084,"rank":7,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1523/pdf/pp1523_text.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64722,"rank":6,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1523/report.pdf","text":"Revision notice","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119723,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1523/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":276592,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1523/downloads/pp1523_appendixes1-2.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1-2","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":333083,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1523/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dfe4b07f02db5e3264","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacDonald, Ray","contributorId":9704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacDonald","given":"Ray","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Robert L.","contributorId":90803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, John E.","contributorId":48234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28596,"text":"wri924097 - 1992 - The storm and flood of September 15, 1989, in Fayetteville, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-25T13:21:05","indexId":"wri924097","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4097","title":"The storm and flood of September 15, 1989, in Fayetteville, North Carolina","docAbstract":"The storm of September 15, 1989, in and around the city of Fayetteville, North Carolina, produced the most extensive flooding of Fayetteville since 1945. The flood inundated 925 acres in the city along Cross Creek and Blounts Creek and their tributaries, flooded 338 buildings, caused damages in excess of $10 million and claimed the lives of 2 small children. Twenty-two roads and five dams were overtopped, and three earthen dams failed. Recorded rainfall and streamflow data indicate that the storm and flood were relatively rare events. Recorded rainfall totals for durations of less than 2 hours were not exceptionally rare or unusual, but rainfall totals for 2-, 3-, and 6-hr durations recorded at a National Weather Service rain gage substantially exceeded 100-yr rainfall amounts by approximately 31, 28, and 12%, respectively. Recorded unit-peak discharges ranged from 33 to 6,060 cu ft/sec/sq mi (the latter downstream from a dam failure). Peak discharges at 6 of 10 stream-gaging sites had recurrence intervals greater than 100 yrs. Flooding of Cross Creek and Blounts Creek upstream of Robeson Street was generally less extensive than the 100-yr flood, as delineated by the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Downstream of Robeson Street, the flooding was more extensive.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri924097","usgsCitation":"Mason, R., and Caldwell, W., 1992, The storm and flood of September 15, 1989, in Fayetteville, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4097, vi, 26 p. :ill., maps (1 col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924097.","productDescription":"vi, 26 p. :ill., maps (1 col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158947,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4097/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57425,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4097/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57426,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4097/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","city":"Fayetteville","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.6728515625,\n 34.92647493584645\n ],\n [\n -79.6728515625,\n 35.47856499535729\n ],\n [\n -78.673095703125,\n 35.47856499535729\n ],\n [\n -78.673095703125,\n 34.92647493584645\n ],\n [\n -79.6728515625,\n 34.92647493584645\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634f66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mason, R.R. Jr.","contributorId":71590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"R.R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caldwell, W.S.","contributorId":9689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"W.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":19293,"text":"ofr91238 - 1992 - Assessment of nonpoint-source contamination of the High Plains Aquifer in south-central Kansas, 1987","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":19293,"text":"ofr91238 - 1992 - Assessment of nonpoint-source contamination of the High Plains Aquifer in south-central Kansas, 1987","indexId":"ofr91238","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Assessment of nonpoint-source contamination of the High Plains Aquifer in south-central Kansas, 1987"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1827,"text":"wsp2381C - 1994 - Assessment of nonpoint-source contamination of the High Plains Aquifer in south-central Kansas, 1987","indexId":"wsp2381C","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Assessment of nonpoint-source contamination of the High Plains Aquifer in south-central Kansas, 1987"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":1827,"text":"wsp2381C - 1994 - Assessment of nonpoint-source contamination of the High Plains Aquifer in south-central Kansas, 1987","indexId":"wsp2381C","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"title":"Assessment of nonpoint-source contamination of the High Plains Aquifer in south-central Kansas, 1987"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-03T10:20:51","indexId":"ofr91238","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-238","title":"Assessment of nonpoint-source contamination of the High Plains Aquifer in south-central Kansas, 1987","docAbstract":"Ground-water quality was assessed in a 5,000-square-mile area of the High Plains aquifer in south-central Kansas that is susceptible to nonpoint-source contamination from agricultural and petroleum-production activities. Of particular interest were agricultural chemicals, mainly atrazine, and oil-derived hydrocarbons, which might occur in association with brines that formerly were disposed into unlined ponds.
Random sampling of ground water was done within a framework of discrete land-use areas (irrigated cropland, petroleum-production land containing former brine-disposal ponds, and undeveloped rangeland) of 3 to 10 square miles. Although true baseline water-quality conditions probably are rare, these baseline conditions are represented most closely by ground water beneath the areas of undeveloped rangeland. The sampling design enabled statistical hypothesis testing of the effects of land use, unsaturated-zone lithology, and type of well sampled. Statistical testing was based on nonparametric procedures.
Results indicate that regional ground-water quality has been affected by prevailing land-use activities, as shown mainly by increased concentrations of several inorganic constituents. Ground water beneath irrigated cropland is characterized by significantly (95-percent confidence level) larger concentrations of hardness, alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, potassium, fluoride, and nitrite plus nitrate than is water beneath undeveloped rangeland. Nondegraded pesticides generally were not detected in the aquifer, probably because of degradation and sorption. Atrazine is present locally in ground water in small concentrations.
Ground water beneath petroleum-production land is characterized by significantly (95-percent confidence level) larger concentrations of hardness, alkalinity, dissolved solids, sodium, and chloride than is water beneath undeveloped rangeland. Nonpoint-source ground-water contamination by oil-derived hydrocarbons was not discernible. The occurrences of trace-organic compounds were similar between petroleum-production land and undeveloped rangeland, which indicates a natural origin for these compounds.
The unsaturated zone in the study area is lithologically heterogeneous and contains substantial amounts of clay that inhibit the downward movement of water and solutes. Within the aquifer, the rate of regional lateral flow and solute transport is sufficiently slow so that the ground-water quality reflects overlying land use in discrete areas of several square miles. Regional flow, however, is sufficiently rapid so that the type of well sampled is not important in regional characterization of water quality beneath irrigated cropland; the seasonal pumping of irrigation wells does not appear to divert regional flow enough to cause substantial local anomalies of more mineralized ground water.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr91238","usgsCitation":"Helgesen, J.O., Stullken, L.E., and Rutledge, A.T., 1992, Assessment of nonpoint-source contamination of the High Plains Aquifer in south-central Kansas, 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-238, vi, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr91238.","productDescription":"vi, 61 p.","numberOfPages":"71","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":151735,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0238/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":346288,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0238/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.68994140625,\n 37.16031654673677\n ],\n [\n -97.415771484375,\n 37.16031654673677\n ],\n [\n -97.415771484375,\n 38.8225909761771\n ],\n [\n -99.68994140625,\n 38.8225909761771\n ],\n [\n -99.68994140625,\n 37.16031654673677\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671eed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helgesen, John O.","contributorId":101630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helgesen","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stullken, Lloyd E.","contributorId":60609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stullken","given":"Lloyd","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rutledge, A. T.","contributorId":38532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutledge","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":33241,"text":"b2041 - 1992 - Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-27T19:48:48.871928","indexId":"b2041","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2041","title":"Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1991","docAbstract":"This collection of twenty-one papers continues the annual series of U.S. Geological Survey reports on the geology of Alaska. These contributions, which include full-length Articles and shorter Geologic Notes, are grouped under two broad headings: Mineral Resource Studies (ten papers) and Geologic Framework Studies (eleven papers). Reports on mineral resources discuss exploration geochemistry in the Howard Pass quadrangle, lditarod quadrangle, and Admiralty Island, a mineral resource appraisal of the Bethel quadrangle, a fluid-inclusion study in the Nome Gold District, geochemistry of lode-gold deposits in the Seldovia quadrangle, a new occurrence of placer gold in the Seldovia quadrangle, gold in coal in the Healy quadrangle, experimental abrasion of detrital gold, and a new occurrence of rareearth minerals in southeastern Alaska. Under the heading of Geologic Framework Studies are reports on sedimentology and (or) stratigraphy in the Seldovia, Lime Hills, and Medfra quadrangles, the Kandik region, and the Alexander terrane in southeastern Alaska. Other papers report on the isotope geochemistry of veins and thermal maturity of the Kandik region, metamorphism and deformation of the Yukon-Tanana and Taylor Mountain terranes in eastcentral Alaska, magnetic susceptibilities of plutonic rocks in southeastern Alaska, terrane nomenclature in northern Alaska, and uplift of Mt. McKinley. These studies span nearly the entire State from the North Slope and Brooks Range to interior, western, southwestern, southcentral, and southeastern Alaska (fig. 1 ).
Two bibliographies on Alaskan geology at the end of the volume list ( 1) reports about Alaska in USGS publications released in 1991, and (2) reports about Alaska by USGS authors in publications outside the USGS in 1991.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/b2041","usgsCitation":"1992, Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2041, vi, 256 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2041.","productDescription":"vi, 256 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":481306,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22299.htm","text":"Cenozoic uplift history of the Mount McKinley area in the central Alaska Range based on fission-track dating","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481307,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22300.htm","text":"Comparison of the effectiveness of stream-sediment, heavy-mineral-concentrate, aquatic-moss, and stream-water geochemical sample media for the mineral assessment study of the Iditarod quadrangle, Alaska","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481308,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22301.htm","text":"Fluid-inclusion study of the Rock Creek area, Nome mining district, Seward Peninsula, Alaska","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481309,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22302.htm","text":"Geochemically anomalous areas in the west-central part of the Howard Pass quadrangle, National Petroleum Reserve, Alaska: evidence for sediment-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag-Ba mineralization","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481310,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22303.htm","text":"Geochemistry of lode-gold deposits, Nuka Bay district, southern Kenai Peninsula","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481311,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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Alaska","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481315,"rank":13,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22308.htm","text":"Upper Devonian shallow-marine siliciclastic strata and associated fauna and flora, Lime Hills D-4 quadrangle, southwest Alaska","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":164085,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2041/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":61021,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2041/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":402790,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22298.htm","text":"A followup geochemical survey of base-metal anomalies in the Ward Creek/Windfall Harbor and Gambier Bay areas, Admiralty Island, southeast Alaska","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United 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Dwight Culver","contributorId":99197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Dwight","email":"","middleInitial":"Culver","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":727921,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dusel-Bacon, Cynthia 0000-0001-8481-739X cdusel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8481-739X","contributorId":2797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusel-Bacon","given":"Cynthia","email":"cdusel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":727922,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":49586,"text":"ofr92261 - 1992 - Mineral and energy resources of the BLM Roswell Resource Area, east-central New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-28T09:35:55","indexId":"ofr92261","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-261","title":"Mineral and energy resources of the BLM Roswell Resource Area, east-central New Mexico","docAbstract":"The sedimentary formations of the Roswell Resource Area have significant mineral and energy resources. Some of the pre-Pennsylvanian sequences in the Northwestern Shelf of the Permian Basin are oil and gas reservoirs, and Pennsylvanian rocks in Tucumcari basin are reservoirs of oil and gas as well as source rocks for oil and gas in Triassic rocks. Pre-Permian rocks also contain minor deposits of uranium and vanadium, limestone, and associated gases. Hydrocarbon reservoirs in Permian rocks include associated gases such as carbon dioxide, helium, and nitrogen. Permian rocks are mineralized adjacent to the Lincoln County porphyry belt, and include deposits of copper, uranium, manganese, iron, polymetallic veins, and Mississippi-valley-type (MVT) lead-zinc. Industrial minerals in Permian rocks include fluorite, barite, potash, halite, polyhalite, gypsum, anhydrite, sulfur, limestone, dolomite, brine deposits (iodine and bromine), aggregate (sand), and dimension stone. Doubly terminated quartz crystals, called \"Pecos diamonds\" and collected as mineral specimens, occur in Permian rocks along the Pecos River. Mesozoic sedimentary rocks are hosts for copper, uranium, and small quantities of gold-silver-tellurium veins, as well as significant deposits of oil and gas, COa, asphalt, coal, and dimension stone. Mesozoic rocks contain limited amounts of limestone, gypsum, petrified wood, dinosaur remains, and clays. Tertiary rocks host ore deposits commonly associated with intrusive rocks, including platinum group elements, iron skarns, manganese, uranium and vanadium, molybdenum, polymetallic vein deposits, gold-silver- tellurium veins, and thorium-rare earth veins. Museum-quality quartz crystals in Lincoln County were formed in association with intrusive rocks in the Lincoln County porphyry belt. Industrial minerals in Tertiary rocks include fluorite, vein- and bedded-barite, caliche, limestone, and aggregate. Tertiary and Quaternary sediments host important placer deposits of gold and titanium, and minor silver, uranium occurrences, as well as important industrial commodities, including caliche, limestone and dolomite, and aggregate (sand). Quaternary basalt contains sub-ore-grade uranium, scoria, and clay deposits.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr92261","usgsCitation":"1992, Mineral and energy resources of the BLM Roswell Resource Area, east-central New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-261, Report: 228 p.; 14 plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92261.","productDescription":"Report: 228 p.; 14 plates","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":86197,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0261/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86200,"rank":411,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0261/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86201,"rank":412,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0261/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86196,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0261/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":176550,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0261/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":86189,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0261/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86192,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0261/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86193,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0261/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86194,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0261/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86195,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0261/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86198,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0261/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86202,"rank":413,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0261/plate-14.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86203,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0261/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86199,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0261/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86190,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0261/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86191,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0261/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Roswell Resource Area","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db63581c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bartsch-Winkler, Susan B.","contributorId":97069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch-Winkler","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726071,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":52704,"text":"b1989AC - 1992 - Geology and mineral paragenesis of the Pea Ridge iron ore mine, Washington County, Missouri: Origin of the rare-earth-element- and gold-bearing breccia pipes. Some mineralogical and geochemical aspects of middle and upper Pennsylvanian marine black shales in part of the midcontinent region. Mineralogical and geochemical analysis of the metal- and organic-rich Grassy Creek Shale of the New Albany group (Upper Devonian and Lower Mississippian) in Hardin County, southern Illinois","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":52704,"text":"b1989AC - 1992 - Geology and mineral paragenesis of the Pea Ridge iron ore mine, Washington County, Missouri: Origin of the rare-earth-element- and gold-bearing breccia pipes. Some mineralogical and geochemical aspects of middle and upper Pennsylvanian marine black shales in part of the midcontinent region. Mineralogical and geochemical analysis of the metal- and organic-rich Grassy Creek Shale of the New Albany group (Upper Devonian and Lower Mississippian) in Hardin County, southern Illinois","indexId":"b1989AC","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"chapter":"A-C","title":"Geology and mineral paragenesis of the Pea Ridge iron ore mine, Washington County, Missouri: Origin of the rare-earth-element- and gold-bearing breccia pipes. Some mineralogical and geochemical aspects of middle and upper Pennsylvanian marine black shales in part of the midcontinent region. Mineralogical and geochemical analysis of the metal- and organic-rich Grassy Creek Shale of the New Albany group (Upper Devonian and Lower Mississippian) in Hardin County, southern Illinois"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33566,"text":"b1989 - 1992 - Strategic and critical minerals in the midcontinent region, United States","indexId":"b1989","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Strategic and critical minerals in the midcontinent region, United States"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":33566,"text":"b1989 - 1992 - Strategic and critical minerals in the midcontinent region, United States","indexId":"b1989","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Strategic and critical minerals in the midcontinent region, United States"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-17T22:00:56.36958","indexId":"b1989AC","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1989","chapter":"A-C","title":"Geology and mineral paragenesis of the Pea Ridge iron ore mine, Washington County, Missouri: Origin of the rare-earth-element- and gold-bearing breccia pipes. Some mineralogical and geochemical aspects of middle and upper Pennsylvanian marine black shales in part of the midcontinent region. Mineralogical and geochemical analysis of the metal- and organic-rich Grassy Creek Shale of the New Albany group (Upper Devonian and Lower Mississippian) in Hardin County, southern Illinois","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b1989AC","usgsCitation":"Nuelle, L.M., Day, W.C., Sidder, G.B., Seeger, C.M., Desborough, G.A., Hatch, J.R., and Leventhal, J.S., 1992, Geology and mineral paragenesis of the Pea Ridge iron ore mine, Washington County, Missouri: Origin of the rare-earth-element- and gold-bearing breccia pipes. Some mineralogical and geochemical aspects of middle and upper Pennsylvanian marine black shales in part of the midcontinent region. Mineralogical and geochemical analysis of the metal- and organic-rich Grassy Creek Shale of the New Albany group (Upper Devonian and Lower Mississippian) in Hardin County, southern Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1989, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1989AC.","productDescription":"54 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":402370,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22215.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":87031,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1989a-c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":181383,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1989a-c/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Midcontinent region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.623046875,\n 34.66935854524543\n ],\n [\n -88.505859375,\n 34.66935854524543\n ],\n [\n -88.505859375,\n 42.22851735620852\n ],\n [\n -103.623046875,\n 42.22851735620852\n ],\n [\n -103.623046875,\n 34.66935854524543\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b157e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Day, Warren C. 0000-0002-9278-2120 wday@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9278-2120","contributorId":1308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"Warren","email":"wday@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":844856,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lane, Diane E.","contributorId":29868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":844857,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Nuelle, L. M.","contributorId":21638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nuelle","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Day, Warren C. 0000-0002-9278-2120 wday@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9278-2120","contributorId":1308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"Warren","email":"wday@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":245867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sidder, Gary B.","contributorId":29486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sidder","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":844851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Seeger, Cheryl M.","contributorId":196835,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seeger","given":"Cheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":844852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Desborough, George A.","contributorId":101661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Desborough","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":844853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hatch, Joseph R. 0000-0001-9257-0278 jrhatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-0278","contributorId":722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Joseph","email":"jrhatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":844854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Leventhal, Joel S.","contributorId":36529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leventhal","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":844855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70187780,"text":"70187780 - 1992 - Deep-water facies of the Lisburne Group, west-central Brooks Range, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-07T21:23:56","indexId":"70187780","displayToPublicDate":"1992-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Deep-water facies of the Lisburne Group, west-central Brooks Range, Alaska","docAbstract":"Deep-water lithofacies of the Lisburne Group (chiefly Carboniferous) occur in thurst sheets in the western part of the foreland fold-and-thrust belt of the Brooks Range and represent at least three discrete units. The Kuna Formation (Brooks Range allochthon) consists mostly of spiculitic mudstone and lesser shale; subordinate carbonate layers are chiefly diagenetic dolomite. The Akmalik Chert (Picnic Creek allochthon) is mostly radiolarian-spiculitic chert; rare limy beds are calcitized radiolarite. The Rim Butte unit (Ipnavik river allochthon) consists chiefly of calcareous turbidites, derived from shallow- and deep-water sources, interbedded with spiculitic mudstone. Much of the material in the turbidites came from a contemporaneous carbonate platform and margin, but some fossils and lithic clasts were eroded from older, already lithified carbonate-platform rocks. All three units appear to be roughly coeval in the Howard Pass area and are chiefly late Tournaisian and early Viséan (late Early Mississippian) in age.
Shallow-water lithofacies of the Lisburne Group exposed in the Howard Pass area (Brooks Range allochthon) are mostly of Viséan and younger (Late Mississippian) age. Thus, these carbonate-platform rocks were not the source of the calcareous turbidites in the Rim Butte unit. Rim Butte turbidites could have been derived from older carbonate-platform rocks such as the Utukok Formation of Tournaisian age (Kelly River allochthon) exposed mainly to the west of the Howard Pass quadrangle.
","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings: 1992 international conference on Arctic margins (MMS 94-0040)","conferenceTitle":"1992 International Conference on Arctic Margins (ICAM)","conferenceDate":"September 2-3, 1992","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","publisher":"Bureau of Ocean Energy Management","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, AK","usgsCitation":"Dumoulin, J.A., Harris, A.G., and Schmidt, J.M., 1992, Deep-water facies of the Lisburne Group, west-central Brooks Range, Alaska, in Proceedings: 1992 international conference on Arctic margins (MMS 94-0040), Anchorage, AK, September 2-3, 1992, p. 77-82.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"82","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341482,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341743,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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K.","contributorId":147113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thurston","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696071,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fujita, Kazuya","contributorId":15654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fujita","given":"Kazuya","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696072,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, Anita G.","contributorId":50162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Anita","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmidt, Jeanine M. jschmidt@usgs.gov","contributorId":3138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Jeanine","email":"jschmidt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70196627,"text":"70196627 - 1992 - Diagenetic formation of bedded chert: Evidence from chemistry of the chert-shale couplet","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-20T14:05:28","indexId":"70196627","displayToPublicDate":"1992-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diagenetic formation of bedded chert: Evidence from chemistry of the chert-shale couplet","docAbstract":"Theories concerning the formation of bedded chert traditionally have emphasized either depositional or diagenetic processes. Major and rare earth element data from Franciscan assemblage (Mesozoic) and Claremont Formation (Miocene) bedded chert sequences, along with physical observations such as the presence of rare and highly corroded radiolarians in shale interbeds, are most consistent with a dominantly diagenetic origin of chert-shale couplets and are incompatible with many depositional theories. Chemical distributions between Franciscan and Claremont bedded chert=shale closely match chemical fractionations recorded by Monterey Formation and Deep Sea Drilling Project-sampled cherts formed by diagenetic SiO2 dissolution, transport, and reprecipitation, suggesting that diagenetic migration of SiO2 from proto-shale to proto-chert is also largely responsible for chert-shale couplets. Identical Ce anomalies (Ce/Ce*) found in immediately adjacent chert-shale layers indicate that turbidites or other transport mechanisms are not responsible for the alternating beds. Neither the chemistry of the chert-shale couplet nor the overall stratigraphy of the sequences is consistent with couplet formation being caused by productivity fluctuations. Chemical mass balance calculations reconstructing the total bulk sediment composition suggest that modern siliceous sequences do not contain enough labile biogenic SiO2 to form entire stratigraphies of bedded chert.
","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0271:DFOBCE>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Murray, R., Jones, D.L., and Buchholtz ten Brink, M.R., 1992, Diagenetic formation of bedded chert: Evidence from chemistry of the chert-shale couplet: Geology, v. 20, no. 3, p. 271-274, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0271:DFOBCE>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"271","endPage":"274","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353629,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff2814e4b0da30c1bfd73f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murray, Richard L.","contributorId":204374,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murray","given":"Richard L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":733811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, David L.","contributorId":61925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":733812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buchholtz ten Brink, Marilyn R.","contributorId":88021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchholtz ten Brink","given":"Marilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":733813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70195040,"text":"70195040 - 1992 - Rare earth, major and trace element composition of Leg 127 sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-05T15:53:27","indexId":"70195040","displayToPublicDate":"1992-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Rare earth, major and trace element composition of Leg 127 sediments","docAbstract":"The relative effects of paleoceanographic and paleogeographic variations, sediment lithology, and diagenetic processes on the final preserved chemistry of Japan Sea sediments are evaluated by investigating the rare earth element (REE), major element, and trace element concentrations in 59 squeeze-cake whole-round and 27 physical-property sample residues from Sites 794, 795, and 797, cored during ODP Leg 127.
The most important variation in sedimentary chemical composition is the increase in SiO2 concentration through the Pliocene diatomaceous sequences, which dilutes most other major and trace element components by various degrees. This biogenic input is largest at Site 794 (Yamato Basin), moderately developed at Site 797 (Yamato Basin), and of only minor importance at Site 795 (Japan Basin), potentially reflecting basinal contrasts in productivity with the Yamato Basin recording greater biogenic input than the Japan Basin and with the easternmost sequence of Site 794 lying beneath the most productive waters. There are few systematic changes in solid-phase chemistry resulting from the opal-A/opal-CT or opal-CT/quartz silica phase transformations. Most major and trace element concentrations are controlled by the aluminosilicate fraction of the sediment, although the effects of diagenetic silica phases and manganese carbonates are of localized importance.
REE total abundances (IREE) in the Japan Sea are strongly dependent upon the paleoceanographic position of a given site with respect to terrigenous and biogenic sources. REE concentrations at Site 794 overall correspond well to aluminosilicate chemical indices and are strongly diluted by SiO2 within the upper Miocene-Pliocene diatomaceous sequence. Eu/Eu* values at Site 794 reach a maximum through the diatomaceous interval as well, most likely suggesting an association of Eu/Eu* with the siliceous component, or reflecting slight incorporation of a detrital feldspar phase. XREE at Site 795 also is affiliated strongly with aluminosilicate phases and yet is diluted only slightly by siliceous input. At Site 797, ΣRE E is not as clearly associated with the aluminosilicate fraction, is correlated moderately to siliceous input, and may be sporadically influenced by detrital heavy minerals originating from the nearby rifted continental fragment composing the Yamato Rise.
Ce/Ce* profiles at all three sites increase essentially monotonically with depth and record progressive diagenetic LREE fractionation. The observed Ce/Ce* increases are not responding to changes in the paleoceanographic oxygenation state of the overlying water, as there is no independent evidence to suggest the proper Oceanographic conditions. Ce/Ce* correlates slightly better with depth than with age at the two Yamato Basin sites.
The downhole increase in Ce/Ce* at Sites 794 and 797 is a passive response to the diagenetic transfer of LREE (except Ce) from sediment to interstitial water. At Site 795, the overall lack of correlation between Ce/Ce* and La/Y^ suggests that other processes mask the diagenetic behavior of all LREEs. First-order calculations of the Ce budget in Japan Sea waters and sediment indicate that ~20% of the excess Ce adsorbed by settling particles is recycled within the water column and that an additional -38% is recycled at or near the seafloor. Thus, because the remaining excess Ce is only -10% of the total Ce, there is not a large source of Ce to the deeply buried sediment, further suggesting that the downhole increase in Ce/Ce* is a passive response to diagenetic behavior of the other LREEs. The REE chemistry of Japan Sea sediment therefore predicts successive downhole addition of LREEs to deeply buried interstitial waters.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ocean Drilling Program","usgsCitation":"Murray, R., Buchholtz ten Brink, M.R., Brumsack, H., Gerlach, D.C., and Russ, G.P., 1992, Rare earth, major and trace element composition of Leg 127 sediments, in Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, v. 127/128, no. 1, p. 677-695.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"677","endPage":"695","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351024,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 124.71679687499999,\n 29.916852233070173\n ],\n [\n 145.634765625,\n 29.916852233070173\n ],\n [\n 145.634765625,\n 46.98025235521883\n ],\n [\n 124.71679687499999,\n 46.98025235521883\n ],\n [\n 124.71679687499999,\n 29.916852233070173\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"127/128","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a797b95e4b00f54eb1f5e1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murray, R.W.","contributorId":6196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buchholtz ten Brink, Marilyn R.","contributorId":88021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchholtz ten Brink","given":"Marilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brumsack, Hans-Juergen","contributorId":61141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumsack","given":"Hans-Juergen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gerlach, David C.","contributorId":138786,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gerlach","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Russ, G. Price","contributorId":138787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Russ","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Price","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70194864,"text":"70194864 - 1992 - Interoceanic variation in the rare earth, major, and trace element depositional chemistry of chert: Perspectives gained from the DSDP and ODP record","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-24T09:45:10","indexId":"70194864","displayToPublicDate":"1992-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interoceanic variation in the rare earth, major, and trace element depositional chemistry of chert: Perspectives gained from the DSDP and ODP record","docAbstract":"Rare earth element (REE), major, and trace element abundances and relative fractionations in forty nodular cherts sampled by the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) and Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) indicate that the REE composition of chert records the interplay between terrigenous sources and scavenging from the local seawater. Major and (non-REE) trace element ratios indicate that the aluminosilicate fraction within the chert is similar to NASC (North American Shale Composite), with average Pacific chert including ~7% NASC-like particles, Indian chert ~ 11% NASC, Atlantic chert ~ 17% NASC, and southern high latitude (SHL) chert 53% NASC. Using La as a proxy for ∑REE, approximations of Laex (the amount of La in excess of that supplied by the detrital aluminosilicate fraction) indicate that Pacific chert contains the greatest Laex (85% of Latotal) and SHL chert the least (38% of Latotal). As shown by interelement associations, this Laex is most likely an adsorbed component onto aluminosilicate and phosphatic phases.
Accordingly, chert from the large Pacific Ocean, where deposition occurs relatively removed from significant terrigenous input, records a depositional REE signal dominated by adsorption of dissolved REEs from seawater. Pacific chert CeCe*⪡ 1 and LanYbn ~ 0.8-1, resulting from adsorption of local Ce-depleted seawater and preferential adsorption of LREEs from seawater (e.g., LanYbn ~ 0.4), which increases the LanYbn ratio recorded in chert. Chert from the Atlantic basin, a moderately sized ocean basin lined by passive margins and with more terrigenous input than the Pacific, records a mix of adsorptive and terrigenous REE signals, with moderately negative Ce anomalies and
This and previous studies of the large-scale controlling parameters of sedimentary REEs across ocean basins collectively indicate that REE indices of depositional regime (e.g.,
Chert and associated host sediments from Monterey Formation and Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) sequences were analyzed in order to assess chemical behavior during diagenesis of biogenic sediments. The primary compositional contrast between chert and host sediment is a greater absolute SiO2 concentration in chert, often with final SiO2 ≥ 98 wt%. This contrast in SiO2 (and
The SiO2 concentration contrast seems caused by biogenic SiO2 dissolution and transport from the local adjacent host sediment and subsequent SiO2reprecipitation in the chert. Along with SiO2, other elements are often added (with respect to Al) to Monterey and DSDP chert during silicification, although absolute concentrations decrease. The two Monterey quartz chert nodules investigated, in contrast to the opal-CT and quartz chert lenses, formed primarily by extreme removal of carbonate and phosphate, thereby increasing relative SiO2 concentrations. DSDP chert formed by both carbonate/phosphate dissolution and SiO2 addition from the host. Manganese is fractionated during chert formation, resulting in
REE data indicate only subtle diagenetic fractionation across the rare earth series.
Interaction of the elastic lithosphere with the underlying anelastic asthenosphere causes strain to propagate along the Earth's surface in a diffusion-like manner following tectonism at plate boundaries. This process transfers stress between adjacent tectonic segments and influences the temporal tectonic pattern along a plate boundary. Observations of such strain transients have been rare, and have hitherto been confined to strike-slip and underthrusting plate boundaries1. Here we report the observation of a strain transient at the divergent (spreading) plate boundary in Iceland. A Global Positioning System survey undertaken a decade after an episode of dyke intrusion accompanying several metres of crustal spreading reveals a spatially varying strain field with the expected diffusion-pulse shape and an amplitude three times greater than the 5.7 cm that would be expected from the average spreading rate2. A simple one-dimensional model with a thin elastic layer overlying a viscous layer fits the data well and yields a stress diffusivity of 1.1 á±0.3 m2s−1. Combined with struc-tural information from magnetotelluric measurements, this implies a viscosity of 0.3−2 × 1019 Pa s—a value comparable to that derived for Iceland from post-glacial rebound23, but low compared with estimates for mantle viscosity obtained elsewhere3.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/358488a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Foulger, G., Jahn, C., Seeber, G., Einarsson, P., Julian, B., and Heki, K., 1992, Post-rifting stress relaxation at the divergent plate boundary in northeast Iceland: Nature, v. 358, no. 6386, p. 488-490, https://doi.org/10.1038/358488a0.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"488","endPage":"490","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":490159,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1604097","text":"External Repository"},{"id":224870,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Iceland","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -17.577177248035213,\n 66.5361267635312\n ],\n [\n -17.577177248035213,\n 65.49050590935727\n ],\n [\n -14.061791332678666,\n 65.49050590935727\n ],\n [\n -14.061791332678666,\n 66.5361267635312\n ],\n [\n -17.577177248035213,\n 66.5361267635312\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"358","issue":"6386","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e6fe4b0c8380cd7a53e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foulger, G.R.","contributorId":14439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foulger","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jahn, C.-H.","contributorId":91995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jahn","given":"C.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seeber, G.","contributorId":61573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seeber","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Einarsson, P.","contributorId":96018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Einarsson","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Julian, B.R.","contributorId":101272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Julian","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Heki, K.","contributorId":96838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heki","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70205175,"text":"70205175 - 1992 - Aluminum in soil solutions from a subalpine spruce-fir forest at Whiteface Mountain, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-19T10:23:03","indexId":"70205175","displayToPublicDate":"1992-07-31T09:30:53","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aluminum in soil solutions from a subalpine spruce-fir forest at Whiteface Mountain, New York","docAbstract":"Direct or indirect Al toxicity has been suggested as a principal factor in forest tree declines. We monitored ambient soil solutions in undisturbed and experimentally manipulated soils from a fir [Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.]-spruce forest on Whiteface Mountain, NY, in order to characterize soil solution Al concentrations over a range of acid anion loadings. Under both natural and experimental conditions total Al and labile Al concentrations rarely exceeded values (180–250 µmol L−1) associated with reduced root growth in red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.). Over a 2-yr period ambient soil solutions averaged 76 and 46 µmol L−1 total Al in the organic and mineral horizons, respectively. The highest monthly mean concentrations occurred in winter. Disturbance-induced NO3 accumulation and simulated acid rain applications produced higher peak Al values in experimental plots than were observed in undisturbed and untreated plots. Although soils of the fir-spruce zone exhibited the potential to yield solutions with phytotoxic Al concentrations, it appears that such concentrations are both spatially and temporally limited and infrequently present a direct stress to root growth in red spruce.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq1992.00472425002100030007x","usgsCitation":"Miller, E.K., Huntington, T.G., Johnson, A., and Friedland, A.J., 1992, Aluminum in soil solutions from a subalpine spruce-fir forest at Whiteface Mountain, New York: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 21, no. 3, p. 345-352, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1992.00472425002100030007x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"345","endPage":"352","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":367212,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Mount Esther, White Face Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.1412353515625,\n 44.32876014234562\n ],\n [\n -73.78555297851562,\n 44.32876014234562\n ],\n [\n -73.78555297851562,\n 44.584599008752015\n ],\n [\n -74.1412353515625,\n 44.584599008752015\n ],\n [\n -74.1412353515625,\n 44.32876014234562\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, E. K.","contributorId":218777,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":770218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huntington, Thomas G. 0000-0002-9427-3530 thunting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":117440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Thomas","email":"thunting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, A. H.","contributorId":49645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"A. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":770220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Friedland, A. J.","contributorId":28430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedland","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":770221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5223021,"text":"5223021 - 1992 - Evaluation of aerial transects for counting winter mallards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-04T16:29:59.087981","indexId":"5223021","displayToPublicDate":"1992-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of aerial transects for counting winter mallards","docAbstract":"Winter waterfowl surveys rarely use sampling methods, and little is known about the precision and biases of their population estimates. Consequently, we developed aerial transect surveys (n=5) in 4 strata comprising 16 substrata in the lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley during winters 1987-88 through 1989-90 to estimate mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) population indices and determine regional patterns of habitat use. Mallard population indices ranged from 1,147,628 (SE=192,341) in December 1988 to 1,790,708 (SE=179,406) in January 1988. Coefficients of variation (CV's) for early winter surveys averaged 0.15 and those for late winter surveys averaged 0.10. During early winter, 59-69% of mallards were on wetlands with water regimes managed for waterfowl; whereas in late winter, 52-79% used wetlands with unmanaged water regimes. Late winter was wet during 1987-88 and 1988-89, and most mallards (62-68%) were on naturally flooded croplands. Use of forested wetlands (3-11%) and moist-soil habitats (3-29%) varied among surveys but was not correlated with water conditions. The number of mallards using naturally flooded croplands (e.g., >1,100,000 in Jan 1988) illustrated the extent of habitat use on private lands. We recommend transect surveys (e.g., 5-yr intervals) for evaluating responses of mallard populations to management programs and as a sampling framework for integrating regional waterfowl research and management data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3808867","usgsCitation":"Reinecke, K.J., Brown, M.W., and Nassar, J.R., 1992, Evaluation of aerial transects for counting winter mallards: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 56, no. 3, p. 515-525, https://doi.org/10.2307/3808867.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"515","endPage":"525","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486946,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3808867","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":193982,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Tennesee","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi Alluvial Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.76953125,\n 36.932330061503144\n ],\n [\n -89.80224609374999,\n 37.142803443716836\n ],\n [\n -90.06591796875,\n 37.055177106660814\n ],\n [\n -92.04345703125,\n 34.63320791137959\n ],\n [\n -91.91162109375,\n 32.47269502206151\n ],\n [\n -92.197265625,\n 30.41078179084589\n ],\n [\n -90.06591796875,\n 29.22889003019423\n ],\n [\n -89.4287109375,\n 30.012030680358613\n ],\n [\n -91.1865234375,\n 31.372399104880525\n ],\n [\n -90.63720703125,\n 32.565333160841035\n ],\n [\n -89.7802734375,\n 33.46810795527896\n ],\n [\n -89.7802734375,\n 34.615126683462194\n ],\n [\n -88.76953125,\n 36.932330061503144\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a865","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reinecke, Kenneth J.","contributorId":87275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinecke","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Michael W.","contributorId":17712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nassar, James R.","contributorId":55918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nassar","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5222285,"text":"5222285 - 1992 - Feeding flights of breeding double-crested cormorants at two Wisconsin colonies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-21T12:36:03","indexId":"5222285","displayToPublicDate":"1992-06-16T12:18:05","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Feeding flights of breeding double-crested cormorants at two Wisconsin colonies","docAbstract":"Unmarked Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) (n = 523) were followed by airplane from Cat Island and Spider Island, two nesting colonies in Wisconsin, to their first landing site. Cormorants flew an average of 2.0 km from Cat Island (maximum 40 km) and 2.4 km from Spider Island (maximum12 km). The mean direction of landing sites differed seasonally for fights from Spider Island, but not from Cat Island. Cormorants generally landed in Green Bay or Lake Michigan (>99%) and rarely landed in inland lakes or ponds. The most frequent (> 80%) water depth at landing sites for each colony was < 9,1 m. Water depths >9.l m were used less frequently than available within the maximum observed flight distance for each colony. The average flight speed for cormorants was 61 km/h.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Custer, T., and Bunck, C., 1992, Feeding flights of breeding double-crested cormorants at two Wisconsin colonies: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 63, no. 2, p. 203-211.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"211","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197537,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16377,"rank":300,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4513692","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Door","otherGeospatial":"Spider Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.20123291015625,\n 45.20236064717846\n ],\n [\n -87.03712463378906,\n 45.08515722028692\n ],\n [\n -86.73088073730469,\n 45.41194838064267\n ],\n [\n -86.8194580078125,\n 45.44134445115735\n ],\n [\n -87.04055786132812,\n 45.4379719091347\n ],\n [\n -87.20123291015625,\n 45.20236064717846\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"63","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a13d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custer, T. W. 0000-0003-3170-6519","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":91802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"T. W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":335983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bunck, C.","contributorId":68681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunck","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70243233,"text":"70243233 - 1992 - 40Ar/39Ar dating of vein amphibole from the Bayan Obo iron-rare earth element-niobium deposit, Inner Mongolia, China; constraints on mineralization and deposition of the Bayan Obo Group","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-04T15:39:25.963536","indexId":"70243233","displayToPublicDate":"1992-02-01T10:27:50","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"40Ar/39Ar dating of vein amphibole from the Bayan Obo iron-rare earth element-niobium deposit, Inner Mongolia, China; constraints on mineralization and deposition of the Bayan Obo Group","title":"40Ar/39Ar dating of vein amphibole from the Bayan Obo iron-rare earth element-niobium deposit, Inner Mongolia, China; constraints on mineralization and deposition of the Bayan Obo Group","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.87.1.185","usgsCitation":"Conrad, J.E., and McKee, E.H., 1992, 40Ar/39Ar dating of vein amphibole from the Bayan Obo iron-rare earth element-niobium deposit, Inner Mongolia, China; constraints on mineralization and deposition of the Bayan Obo Group: Economic Geology, v. 87, no. 1, p. 185-188, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.87.1.185.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"185","endPage":"188","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":416721,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","state":"Inner Mongolia","otherGeospatial":"Bayan Obo","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 109.74601205132052,\n 41.986753371827064\n ],\n [\n 109.74601205132052,\n 41.73243600564717\n ],\n [\n 110.16898034110022,\n 41.73243600564717\n ],\n [\n 110.16898034110022,\n 41.986753371827064\n ],\n [\n 109.74601205132052,\n 41.986753371827064\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"87","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1992-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conrad, James E. 0000-0001-6655-694X jconrad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6655-694X","contributorId":2316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrad","given":"James","email":"jconrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":871639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKee, Edwin H. mckee@usgs.gov","contributorId":3728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Edwin","email":"mckee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":871640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70243231,"text":"70243231 - 1992 - Petrology of the Caribou Mountain Pluton, Klamath Mountains, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-04T15:22:49.366406","indexId":"70243231","displayToPublicDate":"1992-02-01T10:02:19","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrology of the Caribou Mountain Pluton, Klamath Mountains, California","docAbstract":"The Caribou Mountain pluton is a small trondhjemitic body that intruded semipelitic schist of the Stuart Fork terrane in late Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous time. Its emplacement followed the intrusion of an adjoining body of hornblende quartz diorite called the Middle Fork pluton and the mode of its emplacement was as an asymmetric ballooning diapir (Davis, 1963), as shown by concentric foliation, radial late-stage dikes, foliated enclaves, and folded blocks of schlieren-banded tonalite. Coarse-grained hornblende-bearing trondhjemite is the dominant rock type in the Caribou Mountain pluton, and it is called the ‘main trondhjemite’. It was followed by medium-grained ‘late trondhjemite’ and by late-stage trondhjemitic and granodioritic dikes. All the trondhjemitic rock types are characterized by low alkali contents, high light rare earth elements, low initial 87Sr/86Sr, and low δ18O. However, the late trondhjemite has higher Na2O and a higher initial 87Sr/86Sr value than the main trondhjemite, and the two units cannot be related by fractional crystallization. The late granodioritic dikes are richer in Ba, Rb, Y, and Sc than the late trondhjemite and probably reflect assimilation of Stuart Fork metasedimentary rocks by late-stage trondhjemitic magma.
Mafic enclaves in the main trondhjemite contain xenocrysts of quartz and plagioclase derived from the host by magma mixing. The enclaves have K2O, Ba, and Rb contents similar to, or higher than those of the host rocks. Their rare earth element (REE) patterns display strong middle REE enrichment caused by accumulation of hornblende, probably as the result of filter pressing.
The main trondhjemite cannot be derived from Middle Fork magma because the initial 87Sr/86Sr of the Middle Fork pluton is lower than that of the trondhjemite. The absence of parental mafic magmas of appropriate composition suggests that the Caribou Mountain trondhjemitic magmas formed by partial melting of an amphibolitic source rock compositionally similar to low-K tholeiite.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic Press","doi":"10.1093/petrology/33.1.95","usgsCitation":"Barnes, C.G., Barnes, M., and Kistler, R., 1992, Petrology of the Caribou Mountain Pluton, Klamath Mountains, California: Journal of Petrology, v. 33, no. 1, p. 95-124, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/33.1.95.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"124","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":416719,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Caribou Mountain, Klamath Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.96585247399778,\n 41.012446191922066\n ],\n [\n -122.95949273359747,\n 41.00971951587306\n ],\n [\n -122.93289745556052,\n 41.02673212951461\n ],\n [\n -122.9307293622422,\n 41.03196589584343\n ],\n [\n -122.93347561377855,\n 41.03905262460799\n ],\n [\n -122.93448739066054,\n 41.050389803731804\n ],\n [\n -122.95891457537945,\n 41.05093481121196\n ],\n [\n -122.97611478237076,\n 41.03839849699099\n ],\n [\n -122.97380214949807,\n 41.03207492821812\n ],\n [\n -122.97336853083442,\n 41.02258843612972\n ],\n [\n -122.96585247399778,\n 41.012446191922066\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"33","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, Calvin G.","contributorId":36608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"Calvin","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnes, Melanie","contributorId":62945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"Melanie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kistler, Ronald W.","contributorId":56969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kistler","given":"Ronald W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70207643,"text":"70207643 - 1992 - Alleghanian development of the Goat Rock fault zone, southernmost Appalachians: Temporal compatibility with the master decollement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-05T15:31:16.45325","indexId":"70207643","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-02T10:28:43","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alleghanian development of the Goat Rock fault zone, southernmost Appalachians: Temporal compatibility with the master decollement","docAbstract":"The Goat Rock and associated Bartletts Ferry fault zones, which mark the eastern margin of the Pine Mountain Grenville basement massif, are controversial due to the suggestion that they are rare exposed segments of the late Paleozoic southern Appalachian master decollement. The controversy in part stems from reported middle Paleozoic (Acadian) radiometric dates postulated as the time of movement along these fault zones. Ultramylonite samples from the type area at Goat Rock Dam yield a 287 ±15 Ma Rb-Sr isochron interpreted as the time of Sr isotopic rehomogenization during mylonitization. This date is corroborated by Late Pennsylvanian-Early Permian 40Ar/39Ar mineral ages on hornblende (297-288 Ma) and muscovite (285-278 Ma) from neomineralized and dynamically recrystallized rocks within and straddling the fault zone. These Late Pennsylvanian-Early Permian dates indicate the time of right-slip movement (Alleghanian) along the Goat Rock fault zone, which is compatible with the timing suggested by COCORP for thrusting along the southern Appalachian master decollement.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0845:ADOTGR>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Steltenpohl, M.G., Goldberg, S., Hanley, T., and Kunk, M.J., 1992, Alleghanian development of the Goat Rock fault zone, southernmost Appalachians: Temporal compatibility with the master decollement: Geology, v. 20, no. 9, p. 845-848, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0845:ADOTGR>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"845","endPage":"848","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370929,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Goat Rock fault zone","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.9375,\n 36.56260003738545\n ],\n [\n -82.001953125,\n 36.63316209558658\n ],\n [\n -83.75976562499999,\n 34.994003757575776\n ],\n [\n -84.0673828125,\n 32.565333160841035\n ],\n [\n -81.1669921875,\n 31.615965936476076\n ],\n [\n -78.33251953125,\n 33.65120829920497\n ],\n [\n -76.13525390624999,\n 34.470335121217474\n ],\n [\n -75.60791015625,\n 35.60371874069731\n ],\n [\n -75.9375,\n 36.56260003738545\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steltenpohl, Mark G.","contributorId":178199,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steltenpohl","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldberg, S.","contributorId":64888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldberg","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hanley, T.B.","contributorId":58479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanley","given":"T.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kunk, Michael J. 0000-0003-4424-7825 mkunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-7825","contributorId":200968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunk","given":"Michael","email":"mkunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70182209,"text":"70182209 - 1992 - Changes in Alaskan soft-bottom prey communities along a gradient in sea otter predation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T11:44:47","indexId":"70182209","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in Alaskan soft-bottom prey communities along a gradient in sea otter predation","docAbstract":"Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris), well documented as \"keystone\" predators in rocky marine communities, were found to exert a strong influence on infaunal prey communities in soft-sediment habitats. Direct and indirect effects of sea otter predation on subtidal soft-bottom prey communities were evaluated along a temporal gradient of sea otter occupancy around the Kodiak Archipelago. The results indicate that Kodiak otters forage primarily on bivalve prey and dramatically reduce infaunal bivalve and green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) prey populations. Bivalve prey abundance, biomass, and size were inversely related to duration of sea otter occupancy. The relative conditions of shells discarded by otters in shallow (<10 m) vs. deep (> 20 m) water at the same sites indicate that otters first exploited Saxidomus in shallow-water feeding areas, and later switched to Macoma spp. in deeper water. Otter-cracked shells of the deep-burrowing clam Tresus capax were rarely found, even at otter foraging sites where the clam accounted for the majority of available prey biomass, suggesting that it has a partial depth refuge from otter predation. The indirect effects of otter predation included substratum disturbance and the facilitation of sea star predation on infaunal prey. Sea stars, Pycnopodia helianthoides, were attracted to experimentally dug excavations as well as natural sea otter foraging pits, where the sea stars foraged on smaller size classes of infaunal bivalves than those eaten by otters. Otters also discard clam shells on the sediment surface and expose old, buried shells during excavation. Surface shells were found to provide attachment sites for large anemones and kelp. Our study shows that sea otters can affect soft-sediment communities, not only through predation, as in rocky habitats, but also through disturbance, and thus retain a high degree of influence in two very different habitat types.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/1940749","usgsCitation":"Kvitek, R., Oliver, J., DeGange, A., and Anderson, B., 1992, Changes in Alaskan soft-bottom prey communities along a gradient in sea otter predation: Ecology, v. 73, no. 2, p. 413-428, https://doi.org/10.2307/1940749.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"413","endPage":"428","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335873,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kodiak Archipelago","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -151.19384765624997,\n 58.19966110122876\n ],\n [\n -152.29248046875,\n 58.78528524510292\n ],\n [\n -152.698974609375,\n 58.77959115030064\n ],\n [\n -153.6767578125,\n 58.257507589081605\n ],\n [\n -155.028076171875,\n 57.468589192089354\n ],\n [\n -155.24780273437497,\n 56.23724470041031\n ],\n [\n -154.2919921875,\n 56.15166933290848\n ],\n [\n -151.951904296875,\n 57.33838126552897\n ],\n [\n -151.19384765624997,\n 58.19966110122876\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"73","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ad5ff1e4b01ccd54f8b589","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kvitek, R.G.","contributorId":36384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvitek","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oliver, J.S.","contributorId":17073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oliver","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeGange, A.R.","contributorId":52105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeGange","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, B.S.","contributorId":181917,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":85771,"text":"85771 - 1992 - The Florida manatee, Trichechus manatus latirostris","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:02","indexId":"85771","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The Florida manatee, Trichechus manatus latirostris","docAbstract":"Abstract not supplied at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rare and Endangered Biota of Florida. Volume 1. Mammals.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"University Press Florida","publisherLocation":"Gainesville, FL","usgsCitation":"O'Shea, T., and Ludlow, M., 1992, The Florida manatee, Trichechus manatus latirostris, chap. of Rare and Endangered Biota of Florida. Volume 1. Mammals., v. 1, p. 190-200.","productDescription":"p. 190-200","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127731,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c7e4","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Humphrey, S.R.","contributorId":100312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Humphrey","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504800,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"O'Shea, T. J. 0000-0002-0758-9730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-9730","contributorId":50100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Shea","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ludlow, M.E.","contributorId":96208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludlow","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":85766,"text":"85766 - 1992 - Okaloosa darter Etheostoma okaloosae","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:01","indexId":"85766","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Okaloosa darter Etheostoma okaloosae","docAbstract":"Abstract not supplied at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rare and Endangered Biota of Florida. Volume 2. Fishes.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"University Press of Florida","publisherLocation":"Gainesville, FL","usgsCitation":"Burkhead, N., and Williams, J., 1992, Okaloosa darter Etheostoma okaloosae, chap. of Rare and Endangered Biota of Florida. Volume 2. Fishes., v. 2, p. 23-30.","productDescription":"p. 23-30","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128021,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af3e4b07f02db691c6c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Gilbert, Carter R.","contributorId":7667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilbert","given":"Carter","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504792,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Burkhead, N.M.","contributorId":34456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkhead","given":"N.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, J.D.","contributorId":74701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017240,"text":"70017240 - 1992 - Ages, rare-earth element enrichment, and petrogenesis of tholeiitic and alkalic basalts from Kahoolawe Island, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-06T00:20:31.585098","indexId":"70017240","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ages, rare-earth element enrichment, and petrogenesis of tholeiitic and alkalic basalts from Kahoolawe Island, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Kahoolawe Island, Hawaii (18×11 km), is a basaltic shield volcano with caldera-filling lavas, seven identified postshield vents, and at least two occurrences of apparent rejuvenated-stage eruptive. We examined 42 samples that represent all stages of Kahoolawe volcano stratigraphy for their petrography, whole-rock major-and trace-element contents, mineral compositions, and K−Ar ages. The two oldest shield samples have an average age of 1.34±0.08 Ma, and four postshield samples (3 are alkalic) average 1.15±0.03 Ma; ages of 1.08 and 0.99 Ma for two additional tholeiitic samples probably are minimum ages. Whole-rock major- and trace-element and mineral compositions of Kahoolawe shield and caldera-fill laves are generally similar to the lavas forming Kilauea and Mauna Loa tholeiitic shields, but in detail, Kahoolawe shield lavas have distinctive compositions. An unusual aspect of many postshield Ka-hoolawe lavas is anomalously high REE and Y abundances (up to 200 ppm La and 175 ppm Y) and negative Ce anomalies. These enrichments reflect surficial processes, where weathering and soil development promoted REE-Y transport at the weathering front. Major element abundances (MgO, 10–6 wt.%) for shield and caldera-fill basalts are consistent with fractionation of ol+px+pl in frequently replenished magma reservoirs. In general, tholeiitic basalts erupted from late vents are higher in SiO2 than the shield lavas, and temporal differences in parental magma compositions are the likely explanation. Alkalic basalts that erupted from vents are comparable in composition to those at other Hawaiian volcanoes. Trace-element abundance ratios indicate that alkalic basalts represent either relatively lower degrees of melting of the shield source or a distinct source. Apparent rejuvenated-stage basalts (i.e., emplaced after substantial Kahoolawe erosion) are tholeiitic, unlike the rejuvenated-stages at other Hawaiian volcanoes (alkalic). Kahoolawe, like several other Hawaiian volcanoes, has intercalated tholeiitic and alkalic basalts in the postshield stage, but it is the only volcano that appears to have produced tholeiitic rejuvenated-stage lavas.