The crustal structure of the Peninsular Ranges batholith can be divided geophysically into two parts: (1) a western mafic part that is dense, magnetic, and characterized by relatively high seismic velocities (>6.25 km/s), low heat flow (<60 mW/m2), and relatively sparse seismicity, and (2) an eastern, more felsic part that is less dense, weakly magnetic, and characterized by lower seismic velocities (<6.25 km/s), high heat flow (>60 mW/m2), and abundant microseismicity. Potential-field modeling indicates that the dense, mafic part of the batholith extends to depths of at least 20 km and likely to the Moho. The magnetic anomalies of the western part of the batholith extend south beyond the spatially extensive exposures of the batholith to the tip of the Baja California peninsula, which suggests that the mafic part of the batholith projects beneath Cenozoic volcanic cover another 400 km. The linearity and undisrupted nature of the magnetic belt of anomalies suggest that the western part of the batholith has behaved as a rigid block since emplacement of the batholith. The batholith may have influenced not only the development of the Gulf of California oblique rift, but also strike-slip faulting along its northern margin, and transtensional faulting along its western margin, likely because it is thermally and mechanically more resistant to deformation than the surrounding crust.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2014.1211(01)","usgsCitation":"Langenheim, V., Jachens, R.C., and Aiken, C., 2014, Geophysical framework of the Peninsular Ranges batholith—Implications for tectonic evolution and neotectonics: GSA Memoirs, v. 211, p. 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1130/2014.1211(01).","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-033143","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":313326,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.7646484375,\n 23.241346102386135\n ],\n [\n -110.1708984375,\n 22.187404991398775\n ],\n [\n -124.8046875,\n 38.92522904714054\n ],\n [\n -121.46484375,\n 40.07807142745009\n ],\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 31.42866311735861\n ],\n [\n -108.7646484375,\n 23.241346102386135\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"211","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"568cf743e4b0e7a44bc0f160","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langenheim, Victoria E. 0000-0003-2170-5213 zulanger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":151042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"Victoria E.","email":"zulanger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":584245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jachens, Robert C. jachens@usgs.gov","contributorId":1180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"Robert","email":"jachens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":584244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aiken, Carlos","contributorId":151070,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aiken","given":"Carlos","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":584246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70168732,"text":"70168732 - 2014 - Geophysical interpretation of U, Th, and rare earth element mineralization of the Bokan Mountain peralkaline granite complex, Prince of Wales Island, southeast Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-29T15:12:43","indexId":"70168732","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3906,"text":"Interpretation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geophysical interpretation of U, Th, and rare earth element mineralization of the Bokan Mountain peralkaline granite complex, Prince of Wales Island, southeast Alaska","docAbstract":"A prospectivity map for rare earth element (REE) mineralization at the Bokan Mountain peralkaline granite complex, Prince of Wales Island, southeastern Alaska, was calculated from high-resolution airborne gamma-ray data. The map displays areas with similar radioelement concentrations as those over the Dotson REE-vein-dike system, which is characterized by moderately high %K, eU, and eTh (%K, percent potassium; eU, equivalent parts per million uranium; and eTh, equivalent parts per million thorium). Gamma-ray concentrations of rocks that share a similar range as those over the Dotson zone are inferred to locate high concentrations of REE-bearing minerals. An approximately 1300-m-long prospective tract corresponds to shallowly exposed locations of the Dotson zone. Prospective areas of REE mineralization also occur in continuous swaths along the outer edge of the pluton, over known but undeveloped REE occurrences, and within discrete regions in the older Paleozoic country rocks. Detailed mineralogical examinations of samples from the Dotson zone provide a means to understand the possible causes of the airborne Th and U anomalies and their relation to REE minerals. Thorium is sited primarily in thorite. Uranium also occurs in thorite and in a complex suite of ±Ti±Nb±Y oxide minerals, which include fergusonite, polycrase, and aeschynite. These oxides, along with Y-silicates, are the chief heavy REE (HREE)-bearing minerals. Hence, the eU anomalies, in particular, may indicate other occurrences of similar HREE-enrichment. Uranium and Th chemistry along the Dotson zone showed elevated U and total REEs east of the Camp Creek fault, which suggested the potential for increased HREEs based on their association with U-oxide minerals. A uranium prospectivity map, based on signatures present over the Ross-Adams mine area, was characterized by extremely high radioelement values. Known uranium deposits were identified in the U-prospectivity map, but the largest tract occurs over a radioelement-rich granite phase within the pluton that is likely not related to mineralization. Neither mineralization type displays a well-defined airborne magnetic signature.
Boreal regions store large quantities of carbon but are increasingly vulnerable to carbon loss due to disturbance and climate warming. The boreal region, underlain by discontinuous permafrost, presents a challenging landscape for itemizing current and potential carbon sources and sinks in the boreal soil and vegetation. The roles of fire, forest succession, and the presence (or absence) of permafrost on carbon cycle, vegetation, and hydrologic processes have been the focus of multidisciplinary research in this area for the past 20 years. However, projections of a warming future climate, an increase in fire severity and extent, and the potential degradation of permafrost could lead to major landscape process changes over the next 20 to 50 years. This provides a major challenge for predicting how the interplay between land management activities and impacts of climate warming will affect carbon sources and sinks in Interior Alaska. To assist land managers in adapting and managing for potential changes in the Interior Alaska carbon cycle we developed this review paper incorporating an overview of the climate, ecosystem processes, vegetation types, and soil regimes in Interior Alaska with a focus on ramifications for the carbon cycle. Our objective is to provide a synthesis of the most current carbon storage estimates and measurements to support policy and land management decisions on how to best manage carbon sources and sinks in Interior Alaska. To support this we have surveyed relevant peer reviewed estimates of carbon stocks in aboveground and belowground biomass for Interior Alaska boreal ecosystems. We have also summarized methane and carbon dioxide fluxes from the same ecosystems. These data have been converted into the same units to facilitate comparison across ecosystem compartments. We identify potential changes in the carbon cycle with climate change and human disturbance including how compounding disturbances can affect the boreal system. Finally, we provide recommendations to address the challenges facing land managers in efforts to manage carbon cycle processes. The results of this study can be used for carbon cycle management in other locations within the boreal biome which encompass a broad distribution from 45° to 83° north.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.12952/journal.elementa.000032","usgsCitation":"Douglas, T.A., Jones, M.C., and Hiemstra, C.A., 2014, Sources and sinks of carbon in boreal ecosystems of interior Alaska: a review: Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, v. 2, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.12952/journal.elementa.000032.","productDescription":"39 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059810","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.12952/journal.elementa.000032","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":308150,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -149.94140625,\n 63.28800124531419\n ],\n [\n -149.94140625,\n 64.9188850328549\n ],\n [\n -144.393310546875,\n 64.9188850328549\n ],\n [\n -144.393310546875,\n 63.28800124531419\n ],\n [\n -149.94140625,\n 63.28800124531419\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55fa92d4e4b05d6c4e501ad3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Douglas, Thomas A. 0000-0003-1314-1905","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1314-1905","contributorId":64553,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Douglas","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":33087,"text":"Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":571481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Miriam C. 0000-0002-6650-7619 miriamjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6650-7619","contributorId":4056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Miriam","email":"miriamjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hiemstra, Christopher A.","contributorId":147379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hiemstra","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12537,"text":"USACE","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70133621,"text":"pp18016 - 2014 - Petrologic insights into basaltic volcanism at historically active Hawaiian volcanoes","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70133621,"text":"pp18016 - 2014 - Petrologic insights into basaltic volcanism at historically active Hawaiian volcanoes","indexId":"pp18016","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"chapter":"6","title":"Petrologic insights into basaltic volcanism at historically active Hawaiian volcanoes"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70128419,"text":"pp1801 - 2014 - Characteristics of Hawaiian volcanoes","indexId":"pp1801","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"title":"Characteristics of Hawaiian volcanoes"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70128419,"text":"pp1801 - 2014 - Characteristics of Hawaiian volcanoes","indexId":"pp1801","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"title":"Characteristics of Hawaiian volcanoes"},"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-01T19:04:46.140914","indexId":"pp18016","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1801","chapter":"6","title":"Petrologic insights into basaltic volcanism at historically active Hawaiian volcanoes","docAbstract":"Study of the petrology of Hawaiian volcanoes, in particular the historically active volcanoes on the Island of Hawai‘i, has long been of worldwide scientific interest. When Dr. Thomas A. Jaggar, Jr., established the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) in 1912, detailed observations on basaltic activity at Kīlauea and Mauna Loa volcanoes increased dramatically. The period from 1912 to 1958 saw a gradual increase in the collection and analysis of samples from the historical eruptions of Kīlauea and Mauna Loa and development of the concepts needed to evaluate them. In a classic 1955 paper, Howard Powers introduced the concepts of magnesia variation diagrams, to display basaltic compositions, and olivine-control lines, to distinguish between possibly comagmatic and clearly distinct basaltic lineages. In particular, he and others recognized that Kīlauea and Mauna Loa basalts must have different sources.
\nSubsequent years saw a great increase in petrologic data, as the development of the electron microprobe made it possible to routinely monitor glass and mineral compositions, in addition to bulk rock compositions. We now have 100 years’ worth of glass compositions for Kīlauea summit eruptions, which, together with expanding databases on prehistoric tephras, provide important constraints on the nature of Kīlauea’s summit reservoir. A series of chemically distinctive eruptions in the 1950s and 1960s facilitated evaluation of magma mixing and transport processes at Kīlauea. At Mauna Loa, lava compositions are distinctive only at the trace element level, suggesting that its summit reservoir is better mixed than Kīlauea’s. Most summit lavas at both volcanoes, however, lie on olivine control lines having the same olivine composition (Fo86–87). Study of the ongoing East Rift Zone eruption at Kīlauea has further illuminated the complexity of magma storage, resupply, and mixing along this very active rift zone.
\nStudies of active and closed-system lava lakes have been part of HVO’s efforts since Jaggar’s unique descriptions of the Halema‘uma‘u lava lake that existed before 1924. Detailed study of closed-system bodies, including the 1959 Kīlauea Iki, 1963 ‘Alae, and 1965 and prehistoric Makaopuhi lava lakes and the Uēkahuna laccolith, have allowed recognition and quantification of processes of basalt differentiation. Specific topics reviewed herein include the occurrence of segregation veins and related structures, overall cooling history, and patterns of crystallization and reequilibration of olivine in various lava lakes.
\nIn recent decades, study of the submarine slopes of the Island of Hawai‘i and of Lō‘ihi Seamount has revolutionized our understanding of the early history of Hawaiian volcanoes. Observations of Lō‘ihi lavas first established the existence of an early alkalic stage in the evolution of Hawaiian volcanoes. Stages of volcanic development from inception to tholeiitic shield building can be observed in Kīlauea’s submarine and subaerial sections. One distinctive feature of submarine volcanics at Kīlauea, Mauna Loa, and Hualālai is that picritic lavas are more abundant than in subaerial eruptions. Also, olivine compositions of submarine lavas are more magnesian, ranging from Fo88 at Kīlauea to Fo89 at Hualālai. The most magnesian glasses known from Kīlauea (MgO=14.7–15.0 weight percent) were found along the submarine part of Kīlauea’s East Rift Zone.
\nContributions to our knowledge of the nature of the mantle source(s) of Hawaiian basalts are reviewed briefly, although this is a topic where debate is ongoing. Finally, our accumulated petrologic observations impose constraints on the nature of the summit reservoirs at Kīlauea and Mauna Loa, specifically whether the summit chamber has been continuous or segmented during past decades.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Characteristics of Hawaiian volcanoes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp18016","usgsCitation":"Helz, R.T., Clague, D.A., Sisson, T.W., and Thornber, C.R., 2014, Petrologic insights into basaltic volcanism at historically active Hawaiian volcanoes: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1801, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp18016.","productDescription":"56 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"292","numberOfPages":"56","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-036755","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299352,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp18016.PNG"},{"id":296661,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1801/"},{"id":299351,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1801/downloads/pp1801_Chap6_Helz.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -160.68603515625,\n 21.657428197370653\n ],\n [\n -160.0927734375,\n 22.19757745335104\n ],\n [\n -159.54345703125,\n 22.350075806124867\n ],\n [\n -157.884521484375,\n 21.85130210558968\n ],\n [\n -155.709228515625,\n 20.86907773201848\n ],\n [\n -154.44580078125,\n 19.580493479202538\n ],\n [\n -154.698486328125,\n 18.3858049312974\n ],\n [\n -155.555419921875,\n 18.145851771694467\n ],\n [\n -156.390380859375,\n 18.895892559415024\n ],\n [\n -156.73095703125,\n 20.066251024326302\n ],\n [\n -158.323974609375,\n 21.135745255030603\n ],\n [\n -159.730224609375,\n 21.70847301324598\n ],\n [\n -160.499267578125,\n 21.361013117950915\n ],\n [\n -160.68603515625,\n 21.657428197370653\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551fb9c1e4b027f0aee3bb26","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael P.","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":543965,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Takahashi, T. 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This straightforward discovery overturned a popular volatile theory of the day and, in the same action, helped affirm Thomas A. Jaggar, Jr.’s, vision of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) as a preeminent place to study volcanic processes. Decades later, the environmental movement produced a watershed of quantitative analytical tools that, after being tested at Kīlauea, became part of the regular monitoring effort at HVO. The resulting volatile emission and fumarole chemistry datasets are some of the most extensive on the planet. These data indicate that magma from the mantle enters the shallow magmatic system of Kīlauea sufficiently oversaturated in CO2 to produce turbulent flow. Passive degassing at Kīlauea’s summit that occurred from 1983 through 2007 yielded CO2-depleted, but SO2- and H2O-rich, rift eruptive gases. Beginning with the 2008 summit eruption, magma reaching the East Rift Zone eruption site became depleted of much of its volatile content at the summit eruptive vent before transport to Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō. The volatile emissions of Hawaiian volcanoes are halogen-poor, relative to those of other basaltic systems. Information gained regarding intrinsic gas solubilities at Kīlauea and Mauna Loa, as well as the pressure-controlled nature of gas release, have provided useful tools for tracking eruptive activity. Regular CO2-emission-rate measurements at Kīlauea’s summit, together with surface-deformation and other data, detected an increase in deep magma supply more than a year before a corresponding surge in effusive activity. Correspondingly, HVO routinely uses SO2 emissions to study shallow eruptive processes and effusion rates. HVO gas studies and Kīlauea’s long-running East Rift Zone eruption also demonstrate that volatile emissions can be a substantial volcanic hazard in Hawai‘i. From its humble beginning, trying to determine the chemical composition of volcanic gases over a century ago, HVO has evolved to routinely use real-time gas chemistry to track eruptive processes, as well as hazards.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Characteristics of Hawaiian volcanoes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp18017","usgsCitation":"Sutton, A., and Elias, T., 2014, One hundred volatile years of volcanic gas studies at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1801, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp18017.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"295","endPage":"320","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050886","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299354,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp18017.PNG"},{"id":299353,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1801/downloads/pp1801_Chap7_Sutton.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":296662,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1801/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -160.68603515625,\n 21.657428197370653\n ],\n [\n -160.0927734375,\n 22.19757745335104\n ],\n [\n -159.54345703125,\n 22.350075806124867\n ],\n [\n -157.884521484375,\n 21.85130210558968\n ],\n [\n -155.709228515625,\n 20.86907773201848\n ],\n [\n -154.44580078125,\n 19.580493479202538\n ],\n [\n -154.698486328125,\n 18.3858049312974\n ],\n [\n -155.555419921875,\n 18.145851771694467\n ],\n [\n -156.390380859375,\n 18.895892559415024\n ],\n [\n -156.73095703125,\n 20.066251024326302\n ],\n [\n -158.323974609375,\n 21.135745255030603\n ],\n [\n -159.730224609375,\n 21.70847301324598\n ],\n [\n -160.499267578125,\n 21.361013117950915\n ],\n [\n -160.68603515625,\n 21.657428197370653\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551fb9c0e4b027f0aee3bb23","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael P.","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":543968,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Takahashi, T. 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Its range covers almost the entire Atlantic Coast from northeastern United States to southern Argentina; on the Pacific Coast it is found from northern Mexico to central Chile. This assessment covers the entire range of the species, and is not intended to serve as a substitute or update for conservation plans that cover the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf Coast populations. Readers are advised to refer to those plans, available at www.whsrn.org, for more detailed information about U.S. populations.
\nThe subspecific taxonomy of H. palliatus is far from clear, but five races are recognized in this assessment, primarily to facilitate reference to specific populations (Fig. 1). These are nominate H. p. palliatus (coasts of eastern and southern United States; eastern Mexico; Pacific and Caribbean coasts of Central America; the Caribbean; and northern and eastern South America);H. p. frazari (Gulf of California and western Mexico); H. p. pitanay (coast of western South America); H. p. durnfordi (coast of southeast South America) and H. p. galapagensis (Galapagos Islands). The Galapagos race may deserve species status.
\nBased on a review of existing population estimates and an extrapolation of data from quantitative surveys throughout its range, revised estimates are given for the populations of all five subspecies, and a total population of about 43,000 individuals. The nominate race is the most abundant with an estimated population size of about 20,000 individuals, while the least abundant is H. p. galapagensis, with just 300 individuals estimated. Biogeographic population estimates were used to determine 1% threshold levels and identify sites of regional and global conservation importance. A total of 20 sites have been identified for H. p. palliatus, 5 for H. p. frazari, 10 for H. p. pitanay and 10 for H. p. durnfordi. No key sites were identified for H. p. galapagensis as it is found in low density scattered throughout the islands. Of these 45 sites, 14 have counts that surpass the 1% level of the global population, and are thus of global conservation significance for the species. Because the species is a dispersed breeder, the 1% threshold is of limited value in identifying key breeding sites. For the time being, these have been defined as sites holding 20 or more breeding pairs; 17 such sites have been identified, with all but four in the United States. It is hoped that a more rigorous approach for identifying key breeding sites can be developed in the future.
\nAs an obligate coastal species, American Oystercatcher is at risk from widespread habitat loss due to coastal development, and recreational activities that lead to nest disturbance and increased predation. This is exacerbated by the species’ low population size and low reproductive success. Climate change also poses a significant future threat, especially with regard to sea-level rise.
\nTo address these threats, conservation actions are proposed that focus on increased legal protection for the species and on the conservation of key sites and important habitats. Conservation could include implementing beneficial management practices, such as restoration of nest and roost sites, controlling predation, and reducing disturbance. Education and outreach programs are needed throughout the species’ range, especially for beach users and urban planners. Training programs will be necessary to ensure successful implementation of many of the priority conservation actions. Finally, a key first step in conserving this species across its range is the creation of a H. palliatus Working Group. Modelled after the U.S. American Oystercatcher Working Group this organization could unite researchers, conservationists, and educators from across the hemisphere to foster coordinated research, conservation action, and monitoring as outlined in this assessment.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Wader Study Group","usgsCitation":"Clay, R.P., Lesterhuis, A.J., Schulte, S.A., Brown, S., Reynolds, D., and Simons, T.R., 2014, A global assessment of the conservation status of the American Oystercatcher Haematopus palliatus: International Wader Studies, v. 20, p. 62-82.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"62","endPage":"82","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049948","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308171,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307113,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waderstudygroup.org/article/1620/"}],"volume":"20","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55fa92aae4b05d6c4e501a3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clay, Rob","contributorId":146618,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clay","given":"Rob","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lesterhuis, Arne J.","contributorId":146619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lesterhuis","given":"Arne","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schulte, Shiloh A.","contributorId":60765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulte","given":"Shiloh","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, Stephen","contributorId":40096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Stephen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reynolds, Debra","contributorId":146620,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Debra","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Simons, Theodore R. 0000-0002-1884-6229 tsimons@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1884-6229","contributorId":2623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simons","given":"Theodore","email":"tsimons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70215787,"text":"70215787 - 2014 - Assessing the importance of terrain parameters on glide avalanche release","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-02T13:04:03.137086","indexId":"70215787","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T15:02:21","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Assessing the importance of terrain parameters on glide avalanche release","docAbstract":"Glide snow avalanches are dangerous and difficult to predict. Despite recent research there is still a lack of understanding regarding the controls of glide avalanche release. Glide avalanches often occur in similar terrain or the same locations annually and observations suggest that topography may be critical. Thus, to gain an understanding of the terrain component of these types of avalanches we examined terrain parameters associated with glide avalanche release as well as areas of consistent glide crack formation but no subsequent avalanches. Glide avalanche occurrences visible from the Going-to-the-Sun Road corridor in Glacier National Park, Montana from 2003-2013 were investigated using an avalanche database derived of daily observations each year from April 1 to June 15. This yielded 192 glide avalanches in 53 distinct avalanche paths. Each avalanche occurrence was digitized in a GIS using satellite, oblique, and aerial imagery as reference. Topographical parameters such as area, slope, aspect, elevation and elevation were then derived for the entire dataset utilizing GIS tools and a 10m DEM. Land surface substrate and surface geology were derived from National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring maps and U.S. Geological Survey surface geology maps, respectively. Surface roughness and glide factor were calculated using a four level classification index. . Then, each avalanche occurrence was aggregated to general avalanche release zones and the frequencies were compared. For this study, glide avalanches released in elevations ranging from 1300 to 2700 m with a mean aspect of 98 degrees (east) and a mean slope angle of 38 degrees. The mean profile curvature for all glide avalanches was 0.15 and a plan curvature of -0.01, suggesting a fairly linear surface (i.e. neither convex nor concave). The glide avalanches occurred in mostly bedrock made up of dolomite and limestone slabs and talus deposits with very few occurring in alpine meadows. However, not all glide avalanches failed as cohesive slabs on this bedrock surface. Consequently, surface roughness proved to be a useful descriptive variable to discriminate between slopes that avalanched and those that did not. Annual 'repeat offender' glide avalanche paths were characterized by smooth outcropping rock plates with stratification planes parallel to the slope. Combined with aspect these repeat offenders were also members of the highest glide category. Using this understanding of the role of topographic parameters on glide avalanche activity, a spatial terrain based model was developed to identify other areas with high glide avalanche potential outside of our immediate observation area.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the International Snow Science Workshop","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"International Snow Science Workshop","conferenceDate":"September 28-October 3, 2014","conferenceLocation":"Banff, Alberta, Canada","language":"English","publisher":"International Snow Science Workshop Canada Inc.","usgsCitation":"Peitzsch, E.H., Hendrikx, J., and Fagre, D.B., 2014, Assessing the importance of terrain parameters on glide avalanche release, in Proceedings of the International Snow Science Workshop, Banff, Alberta, Canada, September 28-October 3, 2014, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-053178","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":379966,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.345703125,\n 48.23016176791893\n ],\n [\n -113.15093994140625,\n 48.23016176791893\n ],\n [\n -113.15093994140625,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -114.345703125,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -114.345703125,\n 48.23016176791893\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peitzsch, Erich H. 0000-0001-7624-0455 epeitzsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7624-0455","contributorId":3786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peitzsch","given":"Erich","email":"epeitzsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":803469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hendrikx, Jordy 0000-0001-6194-3596","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6194-3596","contributorId":140954,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hendrikx","given":"Jordy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13628,"text":"Department of Earth Sciences, P.O. Box 173480, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA. 59717.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":803470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fagre, Daniel B. 0000-0001-8552-9461 dan_fagre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-9461","contributorId":2036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"Daniel","email":"dan_fagre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":803471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70191909,"text":"70191909 - 2014 - Maximizing the social and ecological value of Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge, South Carolina as the effects of global change processes increase.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-08T19:05:04.613428","indexId":"70191909","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T13:04:52","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Maximizing the social and ecological value of Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge, South Carolina as the effects of global change processes increase.","docAbstract":"Coastal ecosystems in the eastern U.S. have been severely altered by processes associated with human development, including drainage of coastal wetlands, changes in hydrology that alter sediment and freshwater delivery to the coast, land clearing, agricultural and forestry activity, and the construction of seawalls and other structures that “harden” the coast. Sea-level rise and the changing frequency of extreme events associated with climate change are now further degrading the capacity of those ecological and social systems to remain resilient in the face of disturbance, largely through the degradation and loss of land and habitat. The goal was to develop a problem framing that would broadly reflect the type, scale and scope of SLR-adaptation decisions faced by refuges in general, and that could be used by individual refuges to help understand how their specific problems fit into a larger context of SLR planning and implementation. We worked with refuge managers in developing a common frame of reference for some shared SLR-related management problems, while also facilitating communication about these problems with other refuges and with surrounding jurisdictions.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Structured decision making workshop - Report","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"USFWS, National Conservation Training Center","usgsCitation":"Nilius, R., Dawsey, S., Eaton, M.J., Martin, J., Romanach, S.S., Baird, S., Bryant, M., Case, D.J., Johnson, F.A., McMahon, G., Pau, N., Pienaar, E., Ratnaswamy, M., Seibert, S., Wingrove, P., and Wood, N.J., 2014, Maximizing the social and ecological value of Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge, South Carolina as the effects of global change processes increase., in Structured decision making workshop - Report, 20 p.","productDescription":"20 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deer?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-13T17:54:06","indexId":"70193835","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Can managers compensate for coyote predation of white-tailed deer?","docAbstract":"Many studies have documented that coyotes (Canis latrans) are the greatest source of natural mortality for white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) neonates (<3 months old). With the range expansion of coyotes eastward in North America, many stakeholders are concerned that coyote predation may be affecting deer populations adversely. We hypothesized that declines in neonate survival, perhaps caused by increasing coyote predation, could be offset by adjusting or eliminating antlerless harvest allocations. We used a stochastic, age-based population simulation model to evaluate combinations of low neonate survival rates, severe winters, and low adult deer survival rates to determine the effectiveness of reduced antlerless harvest at stabilizing deer populations. We found that even in regions with high winter mortality, reduced antlerless harvest rates could stabilize deer populations with recruitment and survival rates reported in the literature. When neonate survival rates were low (25%) and yearling and adult female survival rates were reduced by 10%, elimination of antlerless harvests failed to stabilize populations. Our results suggest increased deer mortality from coyotes can be addressed through reduced hunting harvest of adult female deer in most circumstances throughout eastern North America. However, specific knowledge of adult female survival rates is important for making management decisions in areas where both neonate and adult survival may be affected by predation and other mortality factors.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.693","usgsCitation":"Robinson, K., Diefenbach, D.R., Fuller, A.K., Hurst, J.E., and Rosenberry, C.S., 2014, Can managers compensate for coyote predation of white-tailed deer?: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 78, no. 4, p. 571-579, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.693.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"571","endPage":"579","ipdsId":"IP-048973","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348415,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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States\"}}]}","volume":"78","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a0425c5e4b0dc0b45b45417","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Kelly F.","contributorId":140157,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"Kelly F.","affiliations":[{"id":473,"text":"New York Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":13267,"text":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6590,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diefenbach, Duane R. 0000-0001-5111-1147 drd11@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5111-1147","contributorId":5235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diefenbach","given":"Duane","email":"drd11@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, Angela K. 0000-0002-9247-7468 afuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-7468","contributorId":3984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Angela","email":"afuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hurst, Jeremy E.","contributorId":177504,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hurst","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13678,"text":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rosenberry, Christopher S.","contributorId":171633,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70193839,"text":"70193839 - 2014 - Is white-nose syndrome causing insectivory release and altering ecosystem function in the eastern US?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-08T10:21:49","indexId":"70193839","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":973,"text":"Bat Research News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Is white-nose syndrome causing insectivory release and altering ecosystem function in the eastern US?","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Bat Research News","usgsCitation":"Ford, W., Jachowski, D.S., and Jachowski, C.M., 2014, Is white-nose syndrome causing insectivory release and altering ecosystem function in the eastern US?: Bat Research News, v. 55, no. 2, p. 21-24.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"24","ipdsId":"IP-056110","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348411,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"55","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a0425c5e4b0dc0b45b45413","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ford, W. Mark 0000-0002-9611-594X wford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-594X","contributorId":172499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"W. Mark","email":"wford@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":720633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jachowski, David S.","contributorId":82966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachowski","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jachowski, Cahterine M.B.","contributorId":200111,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jachowski","given":"Cahterine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70188498,"text":"70188498 - 2014 - Volcanoes of the passive margin: The youngest magmatic event in eastern North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-31T10:07:39","indexId":"70188498","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcanoes of the passive margin: The youngest magmatic event in eastern North America","docAbstract":"The rifted eastern North American margin (ENAM) provides important clues to the long-term evolution of continental margins. An Eocene volcanic swarm exposed in the Appalachian Valley and Ridge Province of Virginia and West Virginia (USA) contains the youngest known igneous rocks in the ENAM. These magmas provide the only window into the most recent deep processes contributing to the postrift evolution of this margin. Here we present new 40Ar/39Ar ages, geochemical data, and radiogenic isotopes that constrain the melting conditions and the timing of emplacement. Modeling of the melting conditions on primitive basalts yielded an average temperature and pressure of 1412 ± 25 °C and 2.32 ± 0.31 GPa, corresponding to a mantle potential temperature of ∼1410 °C, suggesting melting conditions slightly higher than average mantle temperatures beneath mid-ocean ridges. When compared with magmas from Atlantic hotspots, the Eocene ENAM samples share isotopic signatures with the Azores and Cape Verde. This similarity suggests the possibility of a large-scale dissemination of similar sources in the upper mantle left over from the opening of the Atlantic Ocean. Asthenosphere upwelling related to localized lithospheric delamination is a possible process that can explain the intraplate signature of these magmas that lack evidence of a thermal anomaly. This process can also explain the Cenozoic dynamic topography and evidence of rejuvenation of the central Appalachians.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G35407.1","usgsCitation":"Mazza, S., Gazel, E., Johnson, E., Kunk, M.J., McAleer, R., Spotila, J.A., Bizimis, M., and Coleman, D.S., 2014, Volcanoes of the passive margin: The youngest magmatic event in eastern North America: Geology, v. 42, no. 6, p. 483-486, https://doi.org/10.1130/G35407.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"483","endPage":"486","ipdsId":"IP-053403","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342480,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"42","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59424b3ae4b0764e6c65dc44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mazza, Sarah E","contributorId":192875,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mazza","given":"Sarah E","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gazel, Esteban","contributorId":192876,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gazel","given":"Esteban","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Elizabeth A","contributorId":192877,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Elizabeth A","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kunk, Michael J. 0000-0003-4424-7825 mkunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-7825","contributorId":200968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunk","given":"Michael","email":"mkunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McAleer, Ryan J. 0000-0003-3801-7441 rmcaleer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3801-7441","contributorId":5301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAleer","given":"Ryan J.","email":"rmcaleer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":698023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Spotila, James A","contributorId":192878,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spotila","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bizimis, Michael","contributorId":192879,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bizimis","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Coleman, Drew S","contributorId":192880,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coleman","given":"Drew","email":"","middleInitial":"S","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70192818,"text":"70192818 - 2014 - Quaternary geology of the Boston area: Glacial events from Lake Charles to Lake Aberjona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-06T10:16:02","indexId":"70192818","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Quaternary geology of the Boston area: Glacial events from Lake Charles to Lake Aberjona","docAbstract":"The multiple-glacial and glaciomarine Quaternary history of the Boston, Massachusetts area has been known generally since the earliest studies of the then newly recognized glacial deposits described by Prof. Louis Agassiz in the late1840’s and fossil marine shells in the drift in the 1850’s. Attention then turned to possible glacial erosional effects on the preglacial bedrock physiography, as related to rock units and structure, and to the challenges of defining useful physical and lithic characteristics of the drift by Prof. W.O. Crosby and others, 1880-1900. The problems of deducing the relative stratigraphic order among such small, fossil-barren surficial sedimentary deposits, and extending knowledge gained from studies of postulated ancient glacial lakes to a regional understanding of the history of many lakes during the retreat of the ice sheet required field work and use of geologic maps. With the advent of modern topographic maps in the 1880’s, the early period of discovery included field studies of glacial lake deposits in local river basins in the Boston region, basins that drain northward, thereby creating glacial lake basins dammed by the ice margin as it retreated to the north. Guided by M.I.T. and Harvard professors W.O. Crosby, N.S. Shaler, J.B. Woodworth, W.M. Davis, and others in the 1880-1920 period, the first Quaternary glacial stratigraphers were students (e.g. Crosby and Grabau, 1896, Clapp, 1905, Fuller 1905, Goldthwaite 1906, Grabau, 1906, Taylor, Tight).","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"2014 Guidebook for Field Trips in Southeastern New England","language":"English","publisher":"New England Intercollegiate Geologic Conference","usgsCitation":"Stone, B.D., and Lane, J.W., 2014, Quaternary geology of the Boston area: Glacial events from Lake Charles to Lake Aberjona, chap. of 2014 Guidebook for Field Trips in Southeastern New England, p. 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Jr. 0000-0002-3558-243X jwlane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-243X","contributorId":189168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jwlane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":717055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70191534,"text":"70191534 - 2014 - Micro-seismicity and seismic moment release within the Coso Geothermal Field, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T15:02:52","indexId":"70191534","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Micro-seismicity and seismic moment release within the Coso Geothermal Field, California","docAbstract":"We relocate 16 years of seismicity in the Coso Geothermal Field (CGF) using differential travel times and simultaneously invert for seismic velocities to improve our knowledge of the subsurface geologic and hydrologic structure. We expand on our previous results by doubling the number of relocated events from April 1996 through May 2012 using a new field-wide 3-D velocity model. Relocated micro-seismicity sharpens in many portions of the active geothermal reservoir, likely defining large-scale fault zones and fluid pressure compartment boundaries. However, a significant fraction of seismicity remains diffuse and does not cluster into sharply defined structures, suggesting that permeability is maintained within the reservoir through distributed brittle failure. The seismic velocity structure reveals heterogeneous distributions of compressional (Vp) and shear (Vs) wave speed, with Vs generally higher in the Main Field and East Flank and Vp remaining relatively uniform across the CGF, but with significant local variations. The Vp/Vs ratio appears to outline the two main producing compartments of the reservoir at depths below mean ground level of approximately 1 to 2.5 km, with a ridge of relatively high Vp/Vs separating the Main Field from the East Flank. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal variations in earthquake relocations and cumulative seismic moment release in the East Flank reveal three regions with persistently high rates of seismic activity. Two of these regions exhibit sharp, stationary boundaries at the margins of the East Flank that likely represent barriers to fluid flow and advective heat transport. However, seismicity and moment release in a third region at the northern end of the East Flank spread over time to form an elongated NE to SW structure, roughly parallel both to an elongated cluster of seismicity at the southern end of the East Flank and to regional fault traces mapped at the surface. Our results indicate that high-precision relocations of micro-seismicity and simultaneous velocity inversions in conjunction with mapping of seismic moment release can provide useful insights into subsurface structural features and hydrologic compartmentalization within the Coso Geothermal Field.","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings, Thirty-Ninth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Thirty-Ninth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering","conferenceDate":"February 24-26, 2014","conferenceLocation":"Stanford, California","language":"English","publisher":"Stanford University","usgsCitation":"Kaven, J., Hickman, S.H., and Davatzes, N.C., 2014, Micro-seismicity and seismic moment release within the Coso Geothermal Field, California, in Proceedings, Thirty-Ninth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, Stanford, California, February 24-26, 2014, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-054842","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350340,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":" Coso Geothermal Field","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.84,\n 35.95\n ],\n [\n -117.76,\n 35.95\n ],\n [\n -117.76,\n 36.1\n ],\n [\n -117.84,\n 36.1\n ],\n [\n -117.84,\n 35.95\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a61003fe4b06e28e9c253ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaven, J. Ole 0000-0003-2625-2786 okaven@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2625-2786","contributorId":3993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaven","given":"J. 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Concern about declining\ngroundwater levels and spring flows in western Utah as a result of the proposed groundwater withdrawals\nhas led to efforts that have improved the understanding of this regional groundwater flow system. In this\nstudy, environmental tracers (del2H, del18O, 3H, 14C, 3He, 4He, 20Ne, 40Ar, 84Kr, and 129Xe) and major ions from\n142 sites were evaluated to investigate groundwater recharge and flow-path characteristics. With few\nexceptions, del2H and del18O show that most valley groundwater has similar ratios to mountain springs,\nindicating recharge is dominated by relatively high-altitude precipitation. The spatial distribution of 3H,\nterrigenic helium (4Heterr), and 3H/3He ages shows that modern groundwater (<60 yr) in valley aquifers\nis found only in the western third of the study area. Pleistocene and late-Holocene groundwater is found\nin the eastern parts of the study area. The age of Pleistocene groundwater is supported by minimum\nadjusted radiocarbon ages of up to 32 ka. Noble gas recharge temperatures (NGTs) are generally\n1–11 degrees C in Snake and southern Spring Valleys and >11 degrees C to the east of Snake Valley and indicate a\nhydraulic discontinuity between Snake and Tule Valleys across the northern Confusion Range. The\ncombination of NGTs and 4Heterr shows that the majority of Snake Valley groundwater discharges as\nsprings, evapotranspiration, and well withdrawals within Snake Valley rather than continuing\nnortheastward to discharge at either Fish Springs or the Great Salt Lake Playa. The refined understanding\nof groundwater recharge and flow paths acquired from this multi-tracer investigation has broad\nimplications for interbasin subsurface flow estimates and future groundwater development.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.02.010","usgsCitation":"Gardner, P.M., 2014, A multiple-tracer approach to understanding regional groundwaterflow in the Snake Valley area of the eastern Great Basin, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 45, p. 33-49, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.02.010.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"49","ipdsId":"IP-055000","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347798,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin, Snake 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\"}}]}","volume":"45","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f98bbbe4b0531197afa01e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, Philip M. 0000-0003-3005-3587 pgardner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3005-3587","contributorId":962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"Philip","email":"pgardner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70136360,"text":"pp1810 - 2014 - Postglacial eruptive history, geochemistry, and recent seismicity of Aniakchak volcano, Alaska Peninsula","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T13:24:41","indexId":"pp1810","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-30T15:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1810","title":"Postglacial eruptive history, geochemistry, and recent seismicity of Aniakchak volcano, Alaska Peninsula","docAbstract":"Aniakchak is a Pleistocene to Holocene composite volcano of the Alaska–Aleutian arc that suffered at least one caldera-forming eruption in postglacial time and last erupted in 1931. The oldest recognized postglacial eruption, Aniakchak I, produced andesite ignimbrite ca. 9,500–7,500 14C yr B.P. Subsequently, a vent northeast of the summit issued dacite–rhyodacite magma ca. 7,000 14C yr B.P. mainly as the Black Nose Pumice falls. The ca. 3,430 14C yr B.P. Aniakchak II eruption produced rhyodacite plinian fall followed by rhyodacite and andesite ignimbrite extending ≥50 km to the Bering Sea and Pacific coasts and resulted in collapse of the 10-km-diameter caldera.
\n\n
Postcaldera vents are mainly on the caldera ring-fracture system. The earliest extruded small dacite domes into a deep caldera lake and a lava flow on the northwest flank. Three basaltic andesite–andesite tuff cones were constructed on the eastern caldera floor after catastrophic draining of the lake by ~200 m. Dacite–andesite magmas issued from Vent Mountain and Half Cone starting as early as ~1,000 years ago. Plinian eruption at Half Cone ~400 14C yr B.P. yielded widespread dacite Pink and overlying andesite Brown Pumice fall deposits. Strombolian eruption of basaltic andesite built Blocky Cone after Half Cone and most Vent Mountain activity. The most recent eruption, in 1931, yielded dacite–rhyodacite tephra followed by relatively voluminous andesite tephra and ended with minor basaltic andesite.
\n\n
Current indications of an active magmatic system include high 3He/4He of CO2-rich gas at intracaldera Surprise Lake, InSAR pattern of caldera floor subsidence, and episodic seismicity. The majority of earthquakes are long-period (LP) events. Epicenters for 135 (2009–2012; ML ≤2.1) define a bow-tie pattern elongated parallel to plate convergence. Hypocenters identify events14–28 km below sea level (bsl), few events 7–14 km bsl beneath the caldera, and events <10 km bsl concentrated under Vent Mountain. Recent seismicity is consistent with long-lived mush in the quiet zone, from which magma escapes to be stored ephemerally to within ~2.5 km bsl.
\n\n
Future volcanic activity of Aniakchak could include hydromagmatic explosions, possibly followed by effusion or strombolian eruption of basaltic andesite to Plinian eruption of dacite. Another voluminous eruption, such as Aniakchak II, is considered unlikely in the near future.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1810","usgsCitation":"Bacon, C.R., Neal, C.A., Miller, T.P., McGimsey, R.G., and Nye, C.J., 2014, Postglacial eruptive history, geochemistry, and recent seismicity of Aniakchak volcano, Alaska Peninsula: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1810, Report: v, 74 p.; 2 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1810.","productDescription":"Report: v, 74 p.; 2 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"84","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056220","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296945,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp1810.gif"},{"id":296943,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1810/downloads/pp1810_appendixA_tablesA1A2.xlsx","text":"Appendix A","size":"19 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":296944,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1810/downloads/pp1810_appendixB_tablesB1B2.xlsx","text":"Appendix B","size":"391 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":296942,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1810/downloads/pp1810.pdf","size":"41 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296937,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1810/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Aniakchak Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -160.015869140625,\n 56.34090120419907\n ],\n [\n -160.015869140625,\n 57.7569377956732\n ],\n [\n -156.0662841796875,\n 57.7569377956732\n ],\n [\n -156.0662841796875,\n 56.34090120419907\n ],\n [\n -160.015869140625,\n 56.34090120419907\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2aa3e4b08de9379b3157","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bacon, Charles R. 0000-0002-2165-5618 cbacon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":2909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"Charles","email":"cbacon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neal, Christina A. 0000-0002-7697-7825 tneal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7697-7825","contributorId":639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"Christina","email":"tneal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Thomas P. tmiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":4183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Thomas","email":"tmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGimsey, Robert G. 0000-0001-5379-7779 mcgimsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5379-7779","contributorId":2352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGimsey","given":"Robert","email":"mcgimsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nye, Christopher J.","contributorId":55418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nye","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70134547,"text":"ofr20141247 - 2014 - Meteorological data for selected sites along the Colorado River Corridor, Arizona, 2011-13","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-29T15:53:45","indexId":"ofr20141247","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-29T16:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1247","title":"Meteorological data for selected sites along the Colorado River Corridor, Arizona, 2011-13","docAbstract":"This report presents data from 14 automated weather stations collected as part of an ongoing monitoring program within the Grand Canyon National Park and Glen Canyon Recreation Area along the Colorado River Corridor in Arizona. Weather data presented in this document include precipitation, wind speed, maximum wind gusts, wind direction, barometric pressure, relative humidity, and air temperature collected by the Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center at 4-minute intervals between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2013, using automated weather stations consisting of a data logger and a weather transmitter equipped with a piezoelectric sensor, ultrasonic transducers, and capacitive thermal and pressure sensors. Data collection was discontinuous because of station additions, station removals, changes in permits, and equipment failure. A large volume of data was collected for each station. These data are part of a larger research effort focused on physical processes affecting landscapes and archaeological-site stability in the Colorado River Corridor—both natural processes (including meteorological events) and those related to the Glen Canyon Dam operations. Meteorological conditions during the study interval were warmer and drier than is typical, due to ongoing drought conditions during the time period studied. The El Niño/Southern Oscillation was primarily in a neutral state during the reporting period.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141247","usgsCitation":"Caster, J., Dealy, T.P., Andrews, T., Fairley, H.C., East, A., and Sankey, J.B., 2014, Meteorological data for selected sites along the Colorado River Corridor, Arizona, 2011-13: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1247, Report: iv, 56 p.; 1 Table; 4 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141247.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 56 p.; 1 Table; 4 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"64","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2011-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-057292","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296915,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141247.jpg"},{"id":296913,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1247/downloads/ofr2014-1247_appendix3.xlsx","text":"Appendix 3","size":"119.8 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":296914,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1247/downloads/ofr2014-1247_appendix4.xlsx","text":"Appendix 4","size":"271 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":296908,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1247/"},{"id":296909,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1247/pdf/ofr2014-1247.pdf","size":"7.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296910,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1247/downloads/ofr2014-1247_table4.xlsx","text":"Table 4 - Daily Rain Totals","size":"63 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":296911,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1247/downloads/ofr2014-1247_appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"24 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":296912,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1247/downloads/ofr2014-1247_appendix2.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2","size":"22 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River Corridor","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.06005859375,\n 34.96699890670367\n ],\n [\n -114.06005859375,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -110.58837890625,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -110.58837890625,\n 34.96699890670367\n ],\n [\n -114.06005859375,\n 34.96699890670367\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a96e4b08de9379b311d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caster, Joshua J. jcaster@usgs.gov","contributorId":5644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caster","given":"Joshua J.","email":"jcaster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dealy, Timothy P.","contributorId":19263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dealy","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andrews, Timothy tandrews@usgs.gov","contributorId":4420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"Timothy","email":"tandrews@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fairley, Helen C. 0000-0001-6151-4804 hfairley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6151-4804","contributorId":3040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairley","given":"Helen","email":"hfairley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"East, Amy E. aeast@usgs.gov","contributorId":2472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"East","given":"Amy E.","email":"aeast@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sankey, Joel B. 0000-0003-3150-4992 jsankey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3150-4992","contributorId":3935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sankey","given":"Joel","email":"jsankey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70128296,"text":"sir20145196 - 2014 - Modeling uncertainty in coal resource assessments, with an application to a central area of the Gillette coal field, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-28T14:29:05","indexId":"sir20145196","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-28T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5196","title":"Modeling uncertainty in coal resource assessments, with an application to a central area of the Gillette coal field, Wyoming","docAbstract":"Standards for the public disclosure of mineral resources and reserves do not require the use of any specific methodology when it comes to estimating the reliability of the resources. Unbeknownst to most intended recipients of resource appraisals, such freedom commonly results in subjective opinions or estimations based on suboptimal approaches, such as use of distance methods. This report presents the results of a study of the third of three coal deposits in which drilling density has been increased one order of magnitude in three stages. Applying geostatistical simulation, the densest dataset was used to check the results obtained by modeling the sparser drillings. We have come up with two summary displays of results based on the same simulations, which individually and combined provide a better assessment of uncertainty than traditional qualitative resource classifications: (a) a display of cell 90 percent confidence interval versus cumulative cell tonnage, and (b) a histogram of total resources. The first graph allows classification of data into any number of bins with dividers to be decided by the assessor on the basis of a discriminating variable that is statistically accepted as a measure of uncertainty, thereby improving the quality and flexibility of the modeling. The second display expands the scope of the modeling by providing a quantitative measure of uncertainty for total tonnage, which is a fundamental concern for stockholders, geologists, and decision makers. Our approach allows us to correctly model uncertainty issues not possible to predict with distance methods, such as (a) different levels of uncertainty for individual beds with the same pattern and density of drill holes, (b) different local degrees of reduction of uncertainty with drilling densification reflecting fluctuation in the complexity of the geology, (c) average reduction in uncertainty at a disproportionately lesser rate than the reduction in area per drill hole, (d) the proportional effect of higher uncertainty in areas of higher tonnages, despite a regular drilling pattern, (e) the possibility of a local increase in uncertainty despite drilling densification to reflect a more complex geology as the deposit is known in more detail, and (f) for exactly the same drilling pattern, tonnage per individual beds with different uncertainty than the aggregated tonnage. These results should be considered realistic improvements over distance methods used for quantitative classification of uncertainty in coal resource, such as U.S. Geological Survey Circular 891.1 The approach should be a welcome addition to the toolkit of Competent Persons preparing public disclosures according to international mineral codes such as those promoted by the Combined Reserves International Reporting Standards Committee2 and the Joint Ore Reserve Committee.3
\n1 Wood, G.H., Jr., Kehn, T.M., Carter, M.D., and Culbertson, W.C., 1983, Coal resources classification system of the U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 891, 65 p.
\n2 CRIRSCO (Combined Reserves International Reporting Standards Committee), 2013, International reporting template for the public reporting of exploration results, mineral resources and mineral reserves: Accessed February 2014 at http://www.crirsco.com/crirsco_template_may2013.pdf.
\n3 JORC (Joint Ore Reserves Committee), 2012, Australasian code for reporting of exploration results, mineral resources and ore reserves: Accessed September 2014 at http://www.jorc.org/docs/jorc_code2012.pdf.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145196","usgsCitation":"Olea, R., and Luppens, J.A., 2014, Modeling uncertainty in coal resource assessments, with an application to a central area of the Gillette coal field, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5196, v, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145196.","productDescription":"v, 46 p.","numberOfPages":"56","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057123","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296895,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145196.jpg"},{"id":296894,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5196/pdf/sir2014_5196.pdf","size":"13.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":296878,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5196/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Gillette Coal Field","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.99884033203125,\n 43.26920624914964\n ],\n [\n -105.99884033203125,\n 44.56307730757893\n ],\n [\n -105.01281738281249,\n 44.56307730757893\n ],\n [\n -105.01281738281249,\n 43.26920624914964\n ],\n [\n -105.99884033203125,\n 43.26920624914964\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a98e4b08de9379b312a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808 rolea@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":1401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo A.","email":"rolea@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luppens, James A. 0000-0001-7607-8750 jluppens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7607-8750","contributorId":550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luppens","given":"James","email":"jluppens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70135700,"text":"ds906 - 2014 - Digital data for preliminary geologic map of the Mount Hood 30- by 60-minute quadrangle, northern Cascade Range, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-23T16:48:43","indexId":"ds906","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-23T17:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"906","title":"Digital data for preliminary geologic map of the Mount Hood 30- by 60-minute quadrangle, northern Cascade Range, Oregon","docAbstract":"The Mount Hood 30- by 60-minute quadrangle covers the axis and east flank of the Cascade Range in northern Oregon. Its namesake, Mount Hood volcano, dominates the view in the northwest quarter of the quadrangle, but the entire area is underlain by Oligocene and younger volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Cascade Range. Since the time of the Columbia River Basalt Group about 15 million years (m.y.) ago, the locus and composition of Cascade Range volcanism have shifted sporadically across the map area. Andesitic eruptions were predominant in the western part from about 14 to 10 m.y. ago (Salmon and Sandy Rivers area), producing the Rhododendron Formation and overlying lava flows. From about 8 to 6.5 m.y. ago, lithic pyroclastic debris of the Dalles Formation was shed by chiefly andesitic volcanoes in the north-central part of the map area (Hood River valley escarpment). Andesitic to dacitic volcanism was again predominant about 5 to 3 m.y. ago, with known eruptive centers located from Lookout Mountain westward to Lolo Pass, probably including the area now occupied by Mount Hood. A major episode of mafic volcanism-basalt and basaltic andesite-began about 3-4 m.y. ago and lasted until about 2 m.y. ago. Volcanism since about 2 m.y. ago has been concentrated along the axis of the High Cascades. North and south of Mount Hood these youngest rocks are predominantly basaltic andesite lava flows; whereas at Mount Hood itself, andesite is predominant, forming pyroclastic and debris-flow deposits and lava flows.
\nThis geodatabase contains information derived from legacy mapping that was published in 1995 as U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-219. The main component of this publication is a geologic map database prepared using geographic information system (GIS) applications. Included are pdf files to view or print the map sheet, the accompanying pamphlet from Open-File Report 95-219, and links to the original publication, which is available as scanned files in pdf format.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds906","collaboration":"Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries","usgsCitation":"Lina Ma, Sherrod, D.R., and Scott, W.E., 2014, Digital data for preliminary geologic map of the Mount Hood 30- by 60-minute quadrangle, northern Cascade Range, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 906, Report: 6 p.; Plate: 47.99 x 35.98 in.; 5 Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds906.","productDescription":"Report: 6 p.; Plate: 47.99 x 35.98 in.; 5 Tables","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056523","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296871,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds906.jpg"},{"id":296863,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0906/"},{"id":296864,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0906/pdf/ds906_quickreferenceguide.pdf"},{"id":296865,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0906/pdf/ds906_geologyplotfile.pdf"},{"id":296866,"rank":4,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0906/metadata.html"},{"id":296867,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0906/tables.html"},{"id":296868,"rank":6,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0906/downloads/ds906_esrishpfiles.zip"},{"id":296869,"rank":7,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0906/downloads/ds906_mapinfotabfiles.zip"},{"id":296870,"rank":8,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0906/excelfiles.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Northern Cascade Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.60693359374999,\n 41.983994270935625\n ],\n [\n -124.60693359374999,\n 46.164614496897094\n ],\n [\n -116.87255859374999,\n 46.164614496897094\n ],\n [\n -116.87255859374999,\n 41.983994270935625\n ],\n [\n -124.60693359374999,\n 41.983994270935625\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a6ae4b08de9379b3046","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lina Ma","contributorId":130986,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lina Ma","affiliations":[{"id":7198,"text":"Oregon Department Geology and Mineral Industries","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherrod, David R. 0000-0001-9460-0434 dsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9460-0434","contributorId":527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"David","email":"dsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scott, William E. 0000-0001-8156-979X wescott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8156-979X","contributorId":1725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"William","email":"wescott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70135671,"text":"sim3312 - 2014 - Surficial geology and stratigraphy of Pleistocene Lake Manix, San Bernardino County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T19:53:47.735487","indexId":"sim3312","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-16T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3312","title":"Surficial geology and stratigraphy of Pleistocene Lake Manix, San Bernardino County, California","docAbstract":"Pluvial Lake Manix and its surrounding drainage basin, in the central Mojave Desert of California, has been a focus of paleoclimate, surficial processes, and neotectonic studies by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) since about 2004. The USGS initiated studies of Lake Manix deposits to improve understanding of the paleoclimatic record and the shifts in atmospheric circulation that controlled precipitation in the Mojave Desert. Until approximately 25,000 years ago, Lake Manix was the terminus of the Mojave River, which drains northeasterly from the San Bernardino Mountains; the river currently terminates in the Soda Lake and Silver Lake playas. Pleistocene Lake Manix occupied several subbasins at its maximum extent. This map focuses on the extensive exposures created by incision of the Mojave River and its tributaries into the interbedded lacustrine and alluvial deposits within the central (Cady) and northeastern (Afton) subbasins of Lake Manix, and extends from the head of Afton Canyon to Manix Wash. The map illuminates the geomorphic development and depositional history of the lake and alluvial fans within the active tectonic setting of the eastern California shear zone, especially interactions with the left-lateral Manix fault. Lake Manix left an extraordinarily detailed but complex record of numerous transgressive-regressive sequences separated by desiccation and deposition of fan, eolian, and fluvial deposits, and punctuated by tectonic movements and a catastrophic flood that reconfigured the lake basin. Through careful observation of the intercalated lacustrine and fan sequences and by determining the precise elevations of unit contacts, this record was decoded to understand the response of the lake and river system to the interplay of climatic, geomorphic, and tectonic forces. These deposits are exposed in steep badland topography. Mapping was carried out mostly at scales of 1:12,000, although the map is presented at 1:24,000 scale, and employs custom unit nomenclature, with multiple subdivided lacustrine and alluvial fan units. In addition, many important units are very thin and cannot be mapped separately, or are covered by thin eolian sand, so these are commonly portrayed as stacks of units or combined units. These details are more accurately portrayed in the measured sections that accompany the map. Altitudes of many contacts were obtained using differentially corrected Global Positioning System (GPS) or, in some cases, lidar (light detection and ranging) data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3312","usgsCitation":"Reheis, M.C., Redwine, J.R., Wan, E., McGeehin, J., and VanSistine, D., 2014, Surficial geology and stratigraphy of Pleistocene Lake Manix, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3312, Report: iv, 45 p.; 2 Sheets: 54 x 33 inches and 61 x 44 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3312.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 45 p.; 2 Sheets: 54 x 33 inches and 61 x 44 inches; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"53","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-036968","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":398996,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":398995,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_101122.htm"},{"id":296697,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3312/pdf/SIM3312_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296689,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3312/"},{"id":296699,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3312/downloads/"},{"id":296698,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3312/pdf/SIM3312_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296696,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3312/pdf/sim3312.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino County","otherGeospatial":"Lake Manix","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.5706,\n 34.9422\n ],\n [\n -116.3464,\n 34.9422\n ],\n [\n -116.3464,\n 35.0775\n ],\n [\n -116.5706,\n 35.0775\n ],\n [\n -116.5706,\n 34.9422\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"549157b3e4b0d0759afaad76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reheis, Marith C. 0000-0002-8359-323X mreheis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8359-323X","contributorId":1196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reheis","given":"Marith","email":"mreheis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":536725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Redwine, Joanna R.","contributorId":130966,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Redwine","given":"Joanna","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":7183,"text":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":536726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wan, Elmira 0000-0002-9255-112X ewan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9255-112X","contributorId":3434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wan","given":"Elmira","email":"ewan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGeehin, John P. 0000-0002-5320-6091 mcgeehin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-6091","contributorId":3444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"John P.","email":"mcgeehin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"VanSistine, D. Paco 0000-0003-1166-2547","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1166-2547","contributorId":61906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanSistine","given":"D. Paco","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":536723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70135642,"text":"sir20145213 - 2014 - Steady-state numerical groundwater flow model of the Great Basin carbonate and alluvial aquifer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-15T20:21:17.888329","indexId":"sir20145213","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-15T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5213","title":"Steady-state numerical groundwater flow model of the Great Basin carbonate and alluvial aquifer system","docAbstract":"This report describes the construction, calibration, evaluation, and results of a steady-state numerical groundwater flow model of the Great Basin carbonate and alluvial aquifer system that was developed as part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Census Initiative to evaluate the nation’s groundwater availability. The study area spans 110,000 square miles across five states. The numerical model uses MODFLOW-2005, and incorporates and tests complex hydrogeologic and hydrologic elements of a conceptual understanding of an interconnected groundwater system throughout the region, including mountains, basins, consolidated rocks, and basin fill. The level of discretization in this model has not been previously available throughout the study area.
\nObservations used to calibrate the model are those of water levels and discharge to evapotranspiration, springs, rivers, and lakes. Composite scaled sensitivities indicate the simulated values of discharge to springs, rivers, and lakes provide as much information about model parameters as do simulated water-level values. The model has 176 parameters and little parameter correlation. The simulated equivalents to observations provide enough information to constrain most parameters to smaller ranges than the conceptual constraints, and most parameter values are within reasonable ranges.
\nModel fit to observations, comparison of simulated to conceptual water-level contours, and comparison of simulated to conceptual water budgets indicate this model provides a reasonable representation of the regional groundwater system. Eighty-six percent of the simulated values of water levels in wells are within 119 feet (one standard deviation of the error) of the observed values. Ninety percent of the simulated discharges are within 30 percent of the observed values. Total simulated recharge in the study area is within 10 percent of the conceptual amount; total simulated discharge is the same as conceptual discharge. Comparison of simulated hydraulic heads with the conceptual potentiometric surface indicates that the model accurately depicts major features of the hydraulic-head distribution. The incorporation of new recharge estimates and of mountain springs and streams as model observations creates higher simulated recharge mounds under many mountain ranges and highlights that in many cases, the regional flow paths go around, not through (or under) mountain ranges. Results from the model show that much of the flow in the groundwater system occurs in deeper layers, even though about 86 percent of the discharge occurs in layer 1. Over 95 percent of the recharge moves down from layer 1, and about 25 percent moves down to layer 8.
\nThe model was used to delineate six simulated groundwater flow regions that connect recharge areas to discharge areas. The eastern Great Salt Lake and Great Salt Lake Desert model regions contain 75 percent of the groundwater budget, but only 42 percent of the study area. In contrast, the more southern Death Valley and Colorado model regions contain only 12 percent of the groundwater budget, but 37 percent of the study area.
\nExamples of potential use of the model to investigate the groundwater system include (1) the effects of different recharge, (2) different interpretations of the extent or offset of long faults or fault zones, and (3) different conceptual models of the spatial variation of hydraulic properties. The model can also be used to examine the ultimate effects of groundwater withdrawals on a regional scale, to provide boundary conditions for local-scale models, and to guide data collection.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145213","usgsCitation":"Brooks, L.E., Masbruch, M.D., Sweetkind, D.S., and Buto, S.G., 2014, Steady-state numerical groundwater flow model of the Great Basin carbonate and alluvial aquifer system: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5213, Report: x, 124 p.; 2 Plates: 16.5 x 22.0 inches; Appendix Tables; Model Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145213.","productDescription":"Report: x, 124 p.; 2 Plates: 16.5 x 22.0 inches; Appendix Tables; Model Files","numberOfPages":"138","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-037343","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296686,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145213.jpg"},{"id":296683,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5213/downloads/sir2014-5213_plates1and2.zip","text":"Plates 1 and 2","size":"11.6 MB","description":"Plates 1 and 2"},{"id":296681,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5213/"},{"id":296685,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5213/downloads/sir2014-5213_modelfiles.zip","text":"Model Files","size":"143.3 MB","description":"Model Files"},{"id":296684,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5213/downloads/sir2014-5213_appendixexceltables.zip","text":"Appendix Tables","size":"535 kB","description":"Appendix Tables"},{"id":296682,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5213/pdf/sir2014-5213.pdf","size":"32.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area Conic Projection","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.5205078125,\n 35.460669951495305\n ],\n [\n -118.5205078125,\n 42.52069952914966\n ],\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 42.52069952914966\n ],\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 35.460669951495305\n ],\n [\n -118.5205078125,\n 35.460669951495305\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"Groundwater Resources Program","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54900630e4b020a14785d24a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, Lynette E. 0000-0002-9074-0939 lebrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9074-0939","contributorId":2718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Lynette","email":"lebrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Masbruch, Melissa D. 0000-0001-6568-160X mmasbruch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6568-160X","contributorId":1902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masbruch","given":"Melissa","email":"mmasbruch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sweetkind, Donald S. dsweetkind@usgs.gov","contributorId":127801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweetkind","given":"Donald","email":"dsweetkind@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":536697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buto, Susan G. 0000-0002-1107-9549 sbuto@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1107-9549","contributorId":1057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buto","given":"Susan","email":"sbuto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70135422,"text":"70135422 - 2014 - Nitrogen speciation and trends, and prediction of denitrification extent, in shallow US groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-15T10:46:55","indexId":"70135422","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-15T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrogen speciation and trends, and prediction of denitrification extent, in shallow US groundwater","docAbstract":"Uncertainties surrounding nitrogen cycling complicate assessments of the environmental effects of nitrogen use and our understanding of the global carbon–nitrogen cycle. In this paper, we synthesize data from 877 ambient-monitoring wells across the US to frame broad patterns of nitrogen speciation and trends. At these sites, groundwater frequently contains substantial co-occurring NO3− and XSN2 (N2 from denitrification), reflecting active/ongoing denitrification and/or a mixture of undenitrified and denitrified groundwater. NO3− and NH4+ essentially do not co-occur, indicating that the dominant source of NH4+ at these sites likely is not dissimilatory reduction of NO3− to NH4+. Positive correlations of NH4+ with apparent age, CH4, dissolved organic carbon, and indicators of reduced conditions are consistent with NH4+ mobilization from degradation of aquifer organic matter and contraindicate an anthropogenic source of NH4+ for most sites. Glacial aquifers and eastern sand and gravel aquifers generally have lower proportions of NO3− and greater proportions of XSN2 than do fractured rock and karst aquifers and western sand and gravel aquifers. NO3− dominates in the youngest groundwater, but XSN2 increases as residence time increases. Temporal patterns of nitrogen speciation and concentration reflect (1) changing NO3− loads over time, (2) groundwater residence-time controls on NH4+ mobilization from solid phases, and (3) groundwater residence-time controls on denitrification. A simple classification tree using readily available variables (a national coverage of soil water depth, generalized geology) or variables reasonably estimated in many aquifers (residence time) identifies categorical denitrification extent (<10%, 10–50%, and >50%) with 79% accuracy in an independent testing set, demonstrating a predictive application based on the interconnected effects of redox, geology, and residence time.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.11.048","usgsCitation":"Hinkle, S.R., and Tesoriero, A., 2014, Nitrogen speciation and trends, and prediction of denitrification extent, in shallow US groundwater: Journal of Hydrology, v. 509, p. 343-353, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.11.048.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"343","endPage":"353","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-028945","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296675,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"509","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5490062de4b020a14785d246","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinkle, Stephen R. srhinkle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkle","given":"Stephen","email":"srhinkle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":527120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tesoriero, Anthony J.","contributorId":40207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tesoriero","given":"Anthony J.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":536673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70134482,"text":"ofr20141243 - 2014 - National assessment of hurricane-induced coastal erosion hazards: Northeast Atlantic Coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-11T15:37:20","indexId":"ofr20141243","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-11T16:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1243","title":"National assessment of hurricane-induced coastal erosion hazards: Northeast Atlantic Coast","docAbstract":"Beaches serve as a natural buffer between the ocean and inland communities, ecosystems, and natural resources. However, these dynamic environments move and change in response to winds, waves, and currents. During extreme storms, changes to beaches can be great, and the results are sometimes catastrophic. Lives may be lost, communities destroyed, and millions of dollars spent on rebuilding.
\n\n
During storms, large waves may erode beaches, and high storm surge may shift the erosive force of the waves higher on the beach. In some cases, the combined effects of waves and surge may cause overwash (when waves and surge overtop the dune, transporting sand inland) or flooding. Buildings and infrastructure on or near a dune can be undermined during wave attack and subsequent erosion. Hurricanes Irene and Sandy made landfall along the Eastern United States in August 2011 and October 2012, respectively. Although these hurricanes made landfall south and west of the northeast Atlantic coast, waves from these storms caused severe erosion and undermining, destroying roads in some areas of the coast (for example Westport, Massachusetts).
\n\n
Waves overtopping a dune can transport water and sand inland, covering roads and blocking evacuation routes or impeding emergency relief. If storm surge inundates barrier island dunes, currents flowing across the island can create a breach, or a new inlet, completely severing evacuation routes.
\n\n
Extreme coastal changes caused by hurricanes may increase the vulnerability of communities both during a storm and to future storms. For example, when sand dunes are substantially eroded, inland structures are exposed to storm surge and waves. On barrier islands, absent or low dunes allow water to flow inland across the island, potentially increasing storm surge in the back bay, on the sound-side of the barrier, and on the mainland.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141243","usgsCitation":"Birchler, J., Stockdon, H.F., Doran, K., and Thompson, D.M., 2014, National assessment of hurricane-induced coastal erosion hazards: Northeast Atlantic Coast: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1243, Report: iv, 34 p.; Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141243.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 34 p.; Dataset","numberOfPages":"41","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059585","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296626,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141243.jpg"},{"id":296623,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1243/"},{"id":296624,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1243/pdf/ofr2014-1243.pdf","size":"1.89 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296625,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1243/download/ofr2014-1243_NE_erosion_hazards.zip","text":"Northeast Atlantic Coastal Erosion Hazards Datsaset","size":"63 kB"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.63037109375,\n 40.463666324587685\n ],\n [\n -73.63037109375,\n 44.6061127451739\n ],\n [\n -67.8515625,\n 44.6061127451739\n ],\n [\n -67.8515625,\n 40.463666324587685\n ],\n [\n -73.63037109375,\n 40.463666324587685\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"548ac02de4b00f366bee37a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Birchler, Justin J. jbirchler@usgs.gov","contributorId":5763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birchler","given":"Justin J.","email":"jbirchler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stockdon, Hilary F. 0000-0003-0791-4676 hstockdon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0791-4676","contributorId":2153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stockdon","given":"Hilary","email":"hstockdon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doran, Kara S. 0000-0001-8050-5727 kdoran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8050-5727","contributorId":2496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Kara S.","email":"kdoran@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thompson, David M. 0000-0002-7103-5740 dthompson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7103-5740","contributorId":3502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"David","email":"dthompson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70135156,"text":"70135156 - 2014 - Predicting spatial and temporal distribution of Indo-Pacific lionfish (Pterois volitans) in Biscayne Bay through habitat suitability modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-22T18:40:45","indexId":"70135156","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-10T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting spatial and temporal distribution of Indo-Pacific lionfish (Pterois volitans) in Biscayne Bay through habitat suitability modeling","docAbstract":"Invasive species may exhibit higher levels of growth and reproduction when environmental conditions are most suitable, and thus their effects on native fauna may be intensified. Understanding potential impacts of these species, especially in the nascent stages of a biological invasion, requires critical information concerning spatial and temporal distributions of habitat suitability. Using empirically supported environmental variables (e.g., temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, rugosity, and benthic substrate), our models predicted habitat suitability for the invasive lionfish (Pterois volitans) in Biscayne Bay, Florida. The use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as a platform for the modeling process allowed us to quantify correlations between temporal (seasonal) fluctuations in the above variables and the spatial distribution of five discrete habitat quality classes, whose ranges are supported by statistical deviations from the apparent best conditions described in prior studies. Analysis of the resulting models revealed little fluctuation in spatial extent of the five habitat classes on a monthly basis. Class 5, which represented the area with environmental variables closest to the best conditions for lionfish, occupied approximately one-third of Biscayne Bay, with subsequent habitats declining in area. A key finding from this study was that habitat suitability increased eastward from the coastline, where higher quality habitats were adjacent to the Atlantic Ocean and displayed marine levels of ambient water quality. Corroboration of the models with sightings from the USGS-NAS database appeared to support our findings by nesting 79 % of values within habitat class 5; however, field testing (i.e., lionfish surveys) is necessary to confirm the relationship between habitat classes and lionfish distribution.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10530-014-0819-6","usgsCitation":"Bernal, N.A., DeAngelis, D., Schofield, P.J., and Sullivan Sealey, K., 2014, Predicting spatial and temporal distribution of Indo-Pacific lionfish (Pterois volitans) in Biscayne Bay through habitat suitability modeling: Biological Invasions, v. 17, no. 6, p. 1603-1614, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-014-0819-6.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1603","endPage":"1614","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051582","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296572,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Biscayne Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.42816162109375,\n 25.23972731233395\n ],\n [\n -80.42816162109375,\n 25.888878582127084\n ],\n [\n -80.013427734375,\n 25.888878582127084\n ],\n [\n -80.013427734375,\n 25.23972731233395\n ],\n [\n -80.42816162109375,\n 25.23972731233395\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54896eb5e4b027aeab781284","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bernal, Nicholas A.","contributorId":127809,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bernal","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7162,"text":"University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":2860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schofield, Pamela J. 0000-0002-8752-2797 pschofield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8752-2797","contributorId":917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schofield","given":"Pamela","email":"pschofield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sullivan Sealey, Kathleen","contributorId":127810,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sullivan Sealey","given":"Kathleen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5112,"text":"University of Miami","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70134744,"text":"fs20143119 - 2014 - A sight \"fearfully grand\": eruptions of Lassen Peak, California, 1914 to 1917","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":6612,"text":"fs17398 - 1999 - Eruptions of Lassen Peak, California, 1914 to 1917","indexId":"fs17398","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Eruptions of Lassen Peak, California, 1914 to 1917"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70134744,"text":"fs20143119 - 2014 - A sight \"fearfully grand\": eruptions of Lassen Peak, California, 1914 to 1917","indexId":"fs20143119","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"title":"A sight \"fearfully grand\": eruptions of Lassen Peak, California, 1914 to 1917"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-05T09:22:26","indexId":"fs20143119","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-10T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3119","title":"A sight \"fearfully grand\": eruptions of Lassen Peak, California, 1914 to 1917","docAbstract":"On May 22, 1915, a large explosive eruption at the summit of Lassen Peak, California, the southernmost active volcano in the Cascade Range, devastated nearby areas and rained volcanic ash as far away as 280 miles to the east. This explosion was the most powerful in a series of eruptions during 1914–17 that were the last to occur in the Cascade Range before the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington. A century after the Lassen eruptions, work by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists in cooperation with the National Park Service is shedding new light on these events.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143119","collaboration":"Produced in cooperation with the National Park Service, Lassen Association, and the U.S. Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Clynne, M.A., Christiansen, R.L., Stauffer, P.H., Hendley, J.W., and Bleick, H.A., 2014, A sight \"fearfully grand\": eruptions of Lassen Peak, California, 1914 to 1917: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3119, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143119.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1914-01-01","ipdsId":"IP-056980","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296565,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143119.gif"},{"id":296564,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3119/downloads/fs2014-3119.pdf","size":"1.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296560,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3119/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Lassen Peak","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.06933593749999,\n 40.979898069620155\n ],\n [\n -122.05810546875,\n 41.02964338716638\n ],\n [\n -122.10205078125,\n 40.16208338164619\n ],\n [\n -121.17919921875001,\n 40.22921818870117\n ],\n [\n -121.06933593749999,\n 40.979898069620155\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54896eb1e4b027aeab781278","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clynne, Michael A. 0000-0002-4220-2968 mclynne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4220-2968","contributorId":2032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"Michael","email":"mclynne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christiansen, Robert L. 0000-0002-8017-3918 rchris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8017-3918","contributorId":4412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"Robert","email":"rchris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stauffer, Peter H. pstauffe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"Peter","email":"pstauffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":526874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hendley, James W. II jhendley@usgs.gov","contributorId":2547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendley","given":"James","suffix":"II","email":"jhendley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bleick, Heather A. hbleick@usgs.gov","contributorId":2484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bleick","given":"Heather","email":"hbleick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70169995,"text":"70169995 - 2014 - Mercury and halogens in coal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-03T15:25:14.136766","indexId":"70169995","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-05T07:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"2","title":"Mercury and halogens in coal","docAbstract":"Apart from mercury itself, coal rank and halogen content are among the most important factors inherent in coal that determine the proportion of mercury captured by conventional controls during coal combustion. This chapter reviews how mercury in coal occurs, gives available concentration data for mercury in U.S. and international commercial coals, and provides an overview of the natural variation in halogens that influence mercury capture. Three databases, the U.S. Geological Survey coal quality (USGS COALQUAL) database for in-ground coals, and the 1999 and 2010 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Information Collection Request (ICR) databases for coals delivered to power stations, provide extensive results for mercury and other parameters that are compared in this chapter. In addition to the United States, detailed characterization of mercury is available on a nationwide basis for China, whose mean values in recent compilations are very similar to the United States in-ground mean of 0.17 ppm mercury. Available data for the next five largest producers (India, Australia, South Africa, the Russian Federation, and Indonesia) are more limited and with the possible exceptions of Australia and the Russian Federation, do not allow nationwide means for mercury in coal to be calculated. Chlorine in coal varies as a function of rank and correspondingly, depth of burial. As discussed elsewhere in this volume, on a proportional basis, bromine is more effective than chlorine in promoting mercury oxidation in flue gas and capture by conventional controls. The ratio of bromine to chlorine in coal is indicative of the proportion of halogens present in formation waters within a coal basin. This ratio is relatively constant except in coals that have interacted with deep-basin brines that have reached halite saturation, enriching residual fluids in bromine. Results presented here help optimize mercury capture by conventional controls and provide a starting point for implementation of mercury-specific controls discussed elsewhere in this volume.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mercury control: For coal-derived gas streams","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-VCH","publisherLocation":"Weinhem, Germany","doi":"10.1002/9783527658787.ch2","usgsCitation":"Kolker, A., and Quick, J.C., 2014, Mercury and halogens in coal, chap. 2 of Mercury control: For coal-derived gas streams, p. 13-44, https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527658787.ch2.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"44","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-037036","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320014,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"570e1c34e4b0ef3b7ca24c37","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Granite, Evan J.","contributorId":168580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Granite","given":"Evan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626585,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pennline, Henry W.","contributorId":168581,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pennline","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626586,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Senior, Constance L.","contributorId":131002,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Senior","given":"Constance","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7205,"text":"ADA-ES, Inc. Littleton, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626587,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Kolker, Allan 0000-0002-5768-4533 akolker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-4533","contributorId":643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolker","given":"Allan","email":"akolker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quick, Jeffrey C.","contributorId":168408,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quick","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":17626,"text":"Utah Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ]}