{"pageNumber":"1340","pageRowStart":"33475","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40894,"records":[{"id":20884,"text":"ofr94455 - 1994 - Field guide for collecting and processing stream-water samples for the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:52","indexId":"ofr94455","displayToPublicDate":"1995-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-455","title":"Field guide for collecting and processing stream-water samples for the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment program includes extensive data- collection efforts to assess the quality of the Nations's streams. These studies require analyses of stream samples for major ions, nutrients, sediments, and organic contaminants. For the information to be comparable among studies in different parts of the Nation, consistent procedures specifically designed to produce uncontaminated samples for trace analysis in the laboratory are critical. This field guide describes the standard procedures for collecting and processing samples for major ions, nutrients, organic contaminants, sediment, and field analyses of conductivity, pH, alkalinity, and dissolved oxygen. Samples are collected and processed using modified and newly designed equipment made of Teflon to avoid contamination, including nonmetallic samplers (D-77 and DH-81) and a Teflon sample splitter. Field solid-phase extraction procedures developed to process samples for organic constituent analyses produce an extracted sample with stabilized compounds for more accurate results. Improvements to standard operational procedures include the use of processing chambers and capsule filtering systems. A modified collecting and processing procedure for organic carbon is designed to avoid contamination from equipment cleaned with methanol. Quality assurance is maintained by strict collecting and processing procedures, replicate sampling, equipment blank samples, and a rigid cleaning procedure using detergent, hydrochloric acid, and methanol.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr94455","usgsCitation":"Shelton, L.R., 1994, Field guide for collecting and processing stream-water samples for the National Water-Quality Assessment Program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-455, vii, 42 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94455.","productDescription":"vii, 42 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154757,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0455/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50479,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0455/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e499fe4b07f02db5bd299","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shelton, Larry R.","contributorId":62237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelton","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29471,"text":"wri944135 - 1994 - Analysis of data on nutrients and organic compounds in ground water in the upper Snake River basin, Idaho and western Wyoming, 1980-91","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-22T12:10:16","indexId":"wri944135","displayToPublicDate":"1995-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4135","title":"Analysis of data on nutrients and organic compounds in ground water in the upper Snake River basin, Idaho and western Wyoming, 1980-91","docAbstract":"Nutrient and organic compound data from the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency STORET data bases provided information for development of a preliminary conceptual model of spatial and temporal ground-water quality in the upper Snake River Basin. Nitrite plus nitrate (as nitrogen; hereafter referred to as nitrate) concentrations exceeded the Federal drinking-water regulation of 10 milligrams per liter in three areas in Idaho\" the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, the area north of Pocatello (Fort Hall area), and the area surrounding Burley. Water from many wells in the Twin Falls area also contained elevated (greater than two milligrams per liter) nitrate concentrations. Water from domestic wells contained the highest median nitrate concentrations; water from industrial and public supply wells contained the lowest. Nitrate concentrations decreased with increasing well depth, increasing depth to water (unsaturated thickness), and increasing depth below water table (saturated thickness). Kjeldahl nitrogen concentrations decreased with increasing well depth and depth below water table. The relation between kjeldahl nitrogen concentrations and depth to water was poor. Nitrate and total phosphorus concentrations in water from wells were correlated among three hydrogeomorphic regions in the upper Snake River Basin, Concentrations of nitrate were statistically higher in the eastern Snake River Plain and local aquifers than in the tributary valleys. There was no statistical difference in total phosphorus concentrations among the three hydrogeomorphic regions. Nitrate and total phosphorus concentrations were correlated with land-use classifications developed using the Geographic Information Retrieval and Analysis System. Concentrations of nitrate were statistically higher in area of agricultural land than in areas of rangeland. There was no statistical difference in concentrations between rangeland and urban land and between urban land and agricultural land. There was no statistical difference in total phosphorus concentrations among any of the land-use classifications. Nitrate and total phosphorus concentrations also were correlated with land-use classifications developed by the Idaho Department of Water Resources for the Idaho part of the upper Snake River Basin. Nitrate concentrations were statistically higher in areas of irrigated agriculture than in areas of dryland agriculture and rangeland. There was no statistical difference in total phosphorus concentrations among any of the Idaho Department of Water Resources land-use classifications. Data were sufficient to assess long-term trends of nitrate concentrations in water from only eight wells: four wells north of Burley and four wells northwest of Pocatello. The trend in nitrate concentrations in water from all wells in upward. The following organic compounds were detected in ground water in the upper Snake River Basin: cyanazine, 2,4-D DDT, dacthal, diazinon, dichloropropane, dieldrin, malathion, and metribuzin. Of 211 wells sampled for organic compounds, water from 17 contained detectable concentrations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944135","usgsCitation":"Rupert, M.G., 1994, Analysis of data on nutrients and organic compounds in ground water in the upper Snake River basin, Idaho and western Wyoming, 1980-91: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4135, iii, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944135.","productDescription":"iii, 40 p.","numberOfPages":"45","temporalStart":"1980-01-01","temporalEnd":"1991-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159318,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4135/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58317,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4135/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho;Montana;Nevada;Utah;Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Snake River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.0,41.5 ], [ -115.0,45.0 ], [ -110.0,45.0 ], [ -110.0,41.5 ], [ -115.0,41.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db680a42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rupert, Michael G. mgrupert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rupert","given":"Michael","email":"mgrupert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26744,"text":"wri894179 - 1994 - Application of a Geographic Information System for regridding a ground-water flow model of the Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer System, Walla Walla River basin, Oregon-Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T08:24:22","indexId":"wri894179","displayToPublicDate":"1995-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4179","title":"Application of a Geographic Information System for regridding a ground-water flow model of the Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer System, Walla Walla River basin, Oregon-Washington","docAbstract":"Computerized Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have become viable and valuable tools for managing,analyzing, creating, and displaying data for three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow models. Three GIS applications demonstrated in this study are: (1) regridding of data arrays from an existing large-area, low resolution ground-water model to a smaller, high resolution grid; (2) use of GIS techniques for assembly of data-input arrays for a ground-water model; and (3) use of GIS for rapid display of data for verification, for checking of ground-water model output, and for the cre.ation of customized maps for use in reports. The Walla Walla River Basin was selected as the location for the demonstration because (1) data from a low resolution ground-water model (Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer System Analysis [RASA]) were available and (2) concern for long-term use of water resources for irrigation in the basin.  The principal advantage of regridding is that it may provide the ability to more precisely calibrate a model, assuming chat a more detailed coverage of data is available, and to evaluate the numerical errors associated with a particular grid design.Regridding gave about an 8-fold increase in grid-node density.Several FORTRAN programs were developed to load the regridded ground-water data into a finite-difference modular model as model-compatible input files for use in a steady-state model run.To facilitate the checking and validating of the GIS regridding process, maps and tabular reports were produced for each of eight ground-water parameters by model layer. Also, an automated subroutine that was developed to view the model-calculated water levels in cross-section will aid in the synthesis and interpretation of model results.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894179","usgsCitation":"Darling, M., and Hubbard, L., 1994, Application of a Geographic Information System for regridding a ground-water flow model of the Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer System, Walla Walla River basin, Oregon-Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4179, vii, 23 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894179.","productDescription":"vii, 23 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122971,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4179/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55621,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4179/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67ab7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Darling, M.E.","contributorId":82355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darling","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubbard, L.E.","contributorId":104945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbard","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30313,"text":"wri934185 - 1994 - Hydrogeologic framework and simulation of shallow ground-water flow in the vicinity of a hazardous-waste landfill near Pinewood, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-25T14:38:40","indexId":"wri934185","displayToPublicDate":"1995-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4185","title":"Hydrogeologic framework and simulation of shallow ground-water flow in the vicinity of a hazardous-waste landfill near Pinewood, South Carolina","docAbstract":"The geologic units in the vicinity of a hazardous- waste landfill near Pinewood, S.C., were divided into hydrogeologic units on the basis of lithologic and hydrologic characteristics. A quasi-3- dimensional finite-difference ground-water-flow model was constructed to represent the hydrogeologic flamework. The simulation results indicate that if non-reactive constituents were released to the Lang Syne water-bearing zone underlying the central and western pans of the disposal area, the constituents would move in a southwesterly direction at a rate of about one-half to 7 feet per year. Contaminants could move from the Lang Syne water-bearing zone upward to the surficial aquifer, to streams, or to Lake Marion. Although these flow rates indicate that it would require at least 50 years for contaminants to travel between the disposal area and a nearby (400 ft) potential discharge area, the heterogeneity of the site hydrogeology imparts an uncertainty to the conclusion. Faster travel times cannot be ruled out if contamination enters an area having a higher hydraulic conductivity than those determined in this investigation. Faster arrival times at Lake Marion also could result if there are pathways shorter than about 400 feet between contaminated water and an area where it can discharge to the surficial aquifer or to streams. If contaminant releases were to occur on the eastern side of the ground-water mounds, near landfill section II and the southeastern part of land fill section I, initial flow directions would be toward the water-level depression in the eastern part of the facility. Ground water within water- level depression would flow downward, probably to the underlying lower Sawdust Landing water-beating zone. Movement of non-reactive constituents in the tower Sawdust Landing water-bearing zone would be southwestward toward Lake Marion at a rate of about 8 to 20 feet per year. Transport to the lake by this route could require more than 200 years.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934185","usgsCitation":"Vroblesky, D., 1994, Hydrogeologic framework and simulation of shallow ground-water flow in the vicinity of a hazardous-waste landfill near Pinewood, South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4185, v, 76 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934185.","productDescription":"v, 76 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":59105,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4185/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123587,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4185/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59104,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4185/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"Pinewood","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.60394287109375,\n              33.41310221370827\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.60394287109375,\n              33.84760762988741\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.0189208984375,\n              33.84760762988741\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.0189208984375,\n              33.41310221370827\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.60394287109375,\n              33.41310221370827\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627a48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vroblesky, D.A.","contributorId":101691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vroblesky","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":64480,"text":"i2402 - 1994 - Geologic map of the MTM-15147 quadrangle, Mangala Valles region of Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-10T13:56:12.73834","indexId":"i2402","displayToPublicDate":"1995-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2402","title":"Geologic map of the MTM-15147 quadrangle, Mangala Valles region of Mars","docAbstract":"<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW99873650 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW99873650 BCX8\">The map area is in the Mangala</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW99873650 BCX8\">-</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW99873650 BCX8\">M</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW99873650 BCX8\">e</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW99873650 BCX8\">mnonia</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW99873650 BCX8\"> region (fig. 1), which contains remarkably diverse geologic features</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW99873650 BCX8\"> and terrain types. Studies of the Mariner 9 images revealed the wide range of ages of the major rock units in this region</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW99873650 BCX8\">;</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW99873650 BCX8\"> age assignments </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW99873650 BCX8\">wer</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW99873650 BCX8\">e based on the density of impact craters preserved on the various surfaces (</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW99873650 BCX8\">Mutch</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW99873650 BCX8\"> and others, 1976, p. 56-60; Scott and </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW99873650 BCX8\">Carr</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW99873650 BCX8\">, 1978; </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW99873650 BCX8\">Mut</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW99873650 BCX8\">c</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW99873650 BCX8\">h</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW99873650 BCX8\"> and Morris, 1979). The </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW99873650 BCX8\">region</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW99873650 BCX8\"> includes </span><span class=\"ContextualSpellingAndGrammarError SCXW99873650 BCX8\">ancient cratered</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW99873650 BCX8\"> highlands, more </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW99873650 BCX8\">sparsely</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW99873650 BCX8\"> cratered smooth plains, young volcanic plains, and the Mangala Valles channel system. The sinuosity </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW99873650 BCX8\">of the streamlined l</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW99873650 BCX8\">an</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW99873650 BCX8\">dforms within the Man</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW99873650 BCX8\">g</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW99873650 BCX8\">ala Valles, combined with braided channels evident throughout the lower reaches of the valley system, were recognized as indicators that he Mangala area was subject to substantial erosion by a flowing fluid, most likely water (Milton, 1973; Baker and Milton, 1974; Sharp and </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW99873650 BCX8\">Malin</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW99873650 BCX8\">, 1975).</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW99873650 BCX8\"> Recent global mapping based on the Viking Orbiter images (Scott and Tanaka</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW99873650 BCX8\">, 1986</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW99873650 BCX8\">) </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW99873650 BCX8\">has refined the relative ages of many rock units on Mars, but it has modified only slightl</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW99873650 BCX8\">y the basic interpretations of features in the Mangala-</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW99873650 BCX8\">Memnonia</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW99873650 BCX8\"> region.</span></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2402","usgsCitation":"Zimbelman, J.R., Craddock, R.A., and Greeley, R., 1994, Geologic map of the MTM-15147 quadrangle, Mangala Valles region of Mars: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2402, 1 Plate: 45.00 x 42.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2402.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 45.00 x 42.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":438917,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9X9NTLN","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geologic map of the MTM-15147 quadrangle, Mangala Valles region of Mars"},{"id":100777,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2402/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":187412,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"502000","otherGeospatial":"Mangala Valles, Mars","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c664","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimbelman, J. R.","contributorId":94685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimbelman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Craddock, R. A.","contributorId":14900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Craddock","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greeley, Ronald","contributorId":20833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greeley","given":"Ronald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":29376,"text":"wri934181 - 1994 - Use of a precipitation-runoff model for simulating effects of forest management on streamflow in 11 small drainage basins, Oregon Coast Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T08:33:14","indexId":"wri934181","displayToPublicDate":"1995-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4181","title":"Use of a precipitation-runoff model for simulating effects of forest management on streamflow in 11 small drainage basins, Oregon Coast Range","docAbstract":"The Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) model of the U.S. Geological Survey was used to simulate the hydrologic effects of timber management in 11 small, upland drainage basins of the Coast Range in Oregon. The coefficients of determination for observed and simulated daily flow during the calibration periods ranged from 0.92 for the Flynn Creek Basin to 0.68 for the Priorli Creek Basin; percent error ranged from -0.25 for the Deer Creek Basin to -4.49 for the Nestucca River Basin. The coefficients of determination during the validation periods ranged from 0.90 for the Flynn Creek Basin to 0.66 for the Wind River Basin; percent error during the validation periods ranged from -0.91 for the Flynn Creek Basin to 22.3 for the Priorli Creek Basin. In addition to daily simulations, 42 storms were selected from the time-series periods in which the 11 basins were studied and used in hourly storm-mode simulations. Sources of simulation error included the quality of the input data, deficiencies in the PRMS model-algorithms, and the quality of parameter estimation. Times-series data from the Flynn Creek and Needle Branch Basins, collected during an earlier U.S. Geological Survey paired-watershed study, were used to evaluate the PRMS as a tool for predicting the hydrologic effects of timber-management practices. The Flynn Creek Basin remained forested and undisturbed during the data-collection period, while the Needle Branch Basin had been clearcut 82 percent at a midpoint during the period of data collection. Using the PRMS, streamflow at the Needle Branch Basin was simulated during the postlogging period using prelogging parameter values. Comparison of postlogging observed streamflow with the simulated data showed an increase in annual discharge volume of approximately 8 percent and a small increase in peak flows of from 1 to 2 percent. The simulated flows from the basins studied were generally insensitive to the number of hydrologic-response units used to replicate basin surface detail. The average number of hydrologic-response units used in the storm-period simulations was one-half the average number of hydrologic-response units used in the daily period simulations. With the exception of one basin, however, the coefficient of determination between observed and simulated daily flow differed by only 3 percent. Calibration and validation of the PRMS for 11 basins--that encompass a variety of forest, soil, and topographic conditions--provided regionalized parameter values. The parameter values assist the PRMS hydrologic simulations of other gaged and ungaged basins in the Coast Range with landscape conditions similar to those of the basins studied.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934181","usgsCitation":"Risley, J.C., 1994, Use of a precipitation-runoff model for simulating effects of forest management on streamflow in 11 small drainage basins, Oregon Coast Range: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4181, v, 61 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934181.","productDescription":"v, 61 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159844,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4181/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58221,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4181/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db5458fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Risley, J. C.","contributorId":88780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26005,"text":"wri944034 - 1994 - Interaction of ground water with the Rock River near Byron, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:24","indexId":"wri944034","displayToPublicDate":"1995-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4034","title":"Interaction of ground water with the Rock River near Byron, Illinois","docAbstract":"Ground-water discharge to the Rock River in the study area, estimated by three independent methods, ranged from 16,300 to 30,900 cubic feet per day; the low value, determined by the use of the modified Darcy equation, is an estimate only of ground-water discharge from the southern side of the Rock River. The vertical distribution of trichloroethene (TCE) in ground water was determined at a test hole along the estimated centerline of the contaminant plume and as close to the river as property access would allow. The maximum concentrations of TCE of 3 micro- grams per liter were found at depths of 59 and 64 feet. The contaminant was dispersed across a verti- cal interval of about 75 feet at depths of 19 and 94 feet. All of the TCE in ground water discharges to the Rock River because no TCE was detected below a depth of 109 feet, and increasing vertical head gradients with depth indicate ground-water flow from a depth of 119 feet is to the river. The maximum possible discharge of TCE is estimated to be about 1.7 grams per day. A finite-difference numerical model was used to simulate ground-water flow along a vertical section through the ground-water system from the Byron Superfund site to the Rock River. Results of the ground-water flow simulation indicate that, if underflow in the St. Peter aquifer occurs beneath the Rock River, it would be water that was present at depth in the flow system at the Byron Superfund site rather than contaminated water that had recharged the system in the vicinity of the Byron Superfund site. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey-ESIC, Open-File Report Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944034","usgsCitation":"Avery, C., 1994, Interaction of ground water with the Rock River near Byron, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4034, iv, 22 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944034.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":125104,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4034/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54765,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4034/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d8e4b07f02db549522","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Avery, C.F.","contributorId":67543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Avery","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27581,"text":"wri934207 - 1994 - Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow at Arnold Air Force Base, Coffee and Franklin counties, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:40","indexId":"wri934207","displayToPublicDate":"1995-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4207","title":"Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow at Arnold Air Force Base, Coffee and Franklin counties, Tennessee","docAbstract":"The U.S. Air Force at Arnold Air Force Base (AAFB), in Coffee and Franklin Counties, Tennessee, is investigating ground-water contamination in selected areas of the base. This report documents the results of a comprehensive investigation of the regional hydrogeology of the AAFB area. Three aquifers within the Highland Rim aquifer system, the shallow aquifer, the Manchester aquifer, and the Fort Payne aquifer, have been identified in the study area. Of these, the Manchester aquifer is the primary source of water for domestic use. Drilling and water- quality data indicate that the Chattanooga Shale is an effective confining unit, isolating the Highland Rim aquifer system from the deeper, upper Central Basin aquifer system. A regional ground-water divide, approximately coinciding with the Duck River-Elk River drainage divide, underlies AAFB and runs from southwest to northeast. The general direction of most ground-water flow is to the north- west or to the northwest or to the southeast from the divide towards tributary streams that drain the area. Recharge estimates range from 4 to 11 inches per year. Digital computer modeling was used to simulate and provide a better understanding of the ground-water flow system. The model indicates that most of the ground-water flow occurs in the shallow and Manchester aquifers. The model was most sensitive to increases in hydraulic conductivity and changes in recharge rates. Particle-tracking analysis from selected sites of ground-water contamination indicates a potential for contami- nants to be transported beyond the boundary of AAFB.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934207","usgsCitation":"Haugh, C., and Mahoney, E., 1994, Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow at Arnold Air Force Base, Coffee and Franklin counties, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4207, vi, 69 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934207.","productDescription":"vi, 69 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122769,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4207/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56437,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4207/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db62531e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haugh, C.J.","contributorId":24380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haugh","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mahoney, E.N.","contributorId":75171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahoney","given":"E.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":21134,"text":"ofr93356 - 1994 - Ground-water quality and geochemistry in Dayton, Stagecoach, and Churchill Valleys, western Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:46","indexId":"ofr93356","displayToPublicDate":"1995-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-356","title":"Ground-water quality and geochemistry in Dayton, Stagecoach, and Churchill Valleys, western Nevada","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey investigated the quality of ground water in the Dayton, Stagecoach, and Churchill Valleys as part of the Carson River Basin National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) pilot study. Four aquifer systems have been de- lineated in the study area. Principal aquifers are unconsolidated deposits at altitudes of less than 4,900 feet above sea level and more than 50 feet below land surface. Shallow aquifers are at altitudes of less than 4,900 feet and less than 50 feet below land surface. Upland aquifers are above 4,900 feet and provide recharge to the principal aquifers. Thermal aquifers, defined as those having a water temperature greater than 30 degrees Celsius, are also present. Ground water used in Dayton, Stagecoach, and Churchill Valleys is pumped from principal aquifers in unconsolidated basin-fill deposits. Ground water in these aquifers originates as precipitation in the adjacent mountains and is recharged by the Carson River and by underflow from adjacent upstream valleys. Ground-water flow is generally parallel to the direction of surface-water flow in the Carson River. Ground water is discharged by pumping, evapo- transpiration, and underflow into the Carson River. The results of geochemical modeling indicate that as ground water moves from upland aquifers in mountainous recharge areas to principal aquifers in basin-fill deposits, the following processes probably occur: (1) plagioclase feldspar, sodium chloride, gypsum (or pyrite), potassium feldspar, and biotite dissolve; (2) calcite precipitates; (3) kaolinite forms; (4) small amounts of calcium and magnesium in the water exchange for potassium on aquifer minerals; and (5) carbon dioxide is gained or lost. The geochemical models are consistent with (1) phases identified in basin- fill sediments; (2) chemical activity of major cations and silica; (3) saturation indices of calcite and amorphous silica; (4) phase relations for aluminosilicate minerals indicated by activity diagrams; and (5) results of optical, X-ray diffraction, and scanning-electron microscopy examination of mineral grains in the aquifer sediments. Sulfur-isotopic composition of ground- water samples also supports the models. In general, the quality of ground water in the study area meets Nevada State drinking-water standards and is acceptable for most uses. In addition to analysis for major ions, samples were analyzed for 22 inorganic trace elements, 3 nutrients, and 4 radionuclides. Selenium in 1 sample is the only constituent that exceeded Nevada State primary drinking-water standards. Nevada State secondary- drinking water standards were exceeded for fluoride in 1 sample, for iron in 7 samples, and for manganese in 19 samples. Minor constituent con- centrations are generally the result of local redox conditions, and are primarily from minerals in volcanic and marine metasedimentary rocks, metal- oxide coatings on mineral grains, and organic matter.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr93356","usgsCitation":"Thomas, J., and Lawrence, S.J., 1994, Ground-water quality and geochemistry in Dayton, Stagecoach, and Churchill Valleys, western Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-356, v, 69 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93356.","productDescription":"v, 69 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153924,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0356/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50727,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0356/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a378","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, James M.","contributorId":97880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"James M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lawrence, Stephen J. slawrenc@usgs.gov","contributorId":1885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"Stephen","email":"slawrenc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":183899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":17950,"text":"ofr94667A - 1994 - Make your own paper fossils; a computer animation and paper models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:28","indexId":"ofr94667A","displayToPublicDate":"1995-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-667","chapter":"A","title":"Make your own paper fossils; a computer animation and paper models","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS-ESIC-Open-File Report Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr94667A","usgsCitation":"Alpha, T.R., Hendley, J.W., and Starratt, S.W., 1994, Make your own paper fossils; a computer animation and paper models: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-667, 42 leaves :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94667A.","productDescription":"42 leaves :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151824,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0667a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47186,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0667a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649f0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alpha, Tau Rho","contributorId":63371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpha","given":"Tau","email":"","middleInitial":"Rho","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hendley, James W. II jhendley@usgs.gov","contributorId":2547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendley","given":"James","suffix":"II","email":"jhendley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Starratt, Scott W. 0000-0001-9405-1746 sstarrat@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9405-1746","contributorId":2891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starratt","given":"Scott","email":"sstarrat@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":178261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":17951,"text":"ofr94667B - 1994 - Make your own paper fossils; a computer animation and paper models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:28","indexId":"ofr94667B","displayToPublicDate":"1995-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-667","chapter":"B","title":"Make your own paper fossils; a computer animation and paper models","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr94667B","usgsCitation":"Alpha, T.R., Starratt, S.W., and Hendley, J.W., 1994, Make your own paper fossils; a computer animation and paper models: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-667, 1 computer disk ;3 1/2 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94667B.","productDescription":"1 computer disk ;3 1/2 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151825,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649f23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alpha, Tau Rho","contributorId":63371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpha","given":"Tau","email":"","middleInitial":"Rho","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Starratt, Scott W. 0000-0001-9405-1746 sstarrat@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9405-1746","contributorId":2891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starratt","given":"Scott","email":"sstarrat@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":178264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hendley, James W. II jhendley@usgs.gov","contributorId":2547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendley","given":"James","suffix":"II","email":"jhendley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":28110,"text":"wri944115 - 1994 - User's guide to revised method-of-characteristics solute-transport model (MOC--version 31)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-12T14:23:51.210931","indexId":"wri944115","displayToPublicDate":"1995-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4115","title":"User's guide to revised method-of-characteristics solute-transport model (MOC--version 31)","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey computer model to simulate two-dimensional solute transport and dispersion in ground water (Konikow and Bredehoeft, 1978; Goode and Konikow, 1989) has been modified to improve management of input and output data and to provide progressive run-time information. All opening and closing of files are now done automatically by the program. Names of input data files are entered either interactively or using a batch-mode script file. Names of output files, created automatically by the program, are based on the name of the input file. In the interactive mode, messages are written to the screen during execution to allow the user to monitor the status and progress of the simulation and to anticipate total running time. Information reported and updated during a simulation include the current pumping period and time step, number of particle moves, and percentage completion of the current time step. The batch mode enables a user to run a series of simulations consecutively, without additional control. A report of the model's activity in the batch mode is written to a separate output file, allowing later review. The user has several options for creating separate output files for different types of data. The formats are compatible with many commercially available applications, which facilitates graphical postprocessing of model results. Geohydrology and Evaluation of Stream-Aquifer Relations in the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin, Southeastern Alabama, Northwestern Florida, and Southwestern Georgia  By Lynn J. Torak, Gary S. Davis, George A. Strain, and Jennifer G. Herndon  Abstract The lower Apalachieola-Chattahoochec-Flint River Basin is underlain by Coastal Plain sediments of pre-Cretaceous to Quaternary age consisting of alternating units of sand, clay, sandstone, dolomite, and limestone that gradually thicken and dip gently to the southeast. The stream-aquifer system consism of carbonate (limestone and dolomite) and elastic sediments, which define the Upper Floridan aquifer and Intermediate system, in hydraulic connection with the principal rivers of the basin and other surface-water features, natural and man made. Separate digital models of the Upper Flori-dan aquifer and Intermediate system were constructed by using the U.S. Geological Survey's MODular Finite-Element model of two dimensional ground-water flow, based on concep- tualizations of the stream-aquifer system, and calibrated to drought conditions of October 1986. Sensitivity analyses performed on the models indicated that aquifer hydraulic conductivity, lateral and vertical boundary flows, and pumpage have a strong influence on groundwater levels. Simulated pumpage increases in the Upper Floridan aquifer, primarily in the Dougherty Plain physiographic district of Georgia,. caused significant reductions in aquifer discharge to streams that eventually flow to Lake Seminole and the Apalachicola River and Bay. Simulated pumpage increases greater than 3 times the October 1986 rates caused drying ofsome stream reaches and parts of the Upper Floridan aquifer in Georgia. Water budgets prepared from simulation results indicate that ground- water discharge to streams and recharge by horizontal and vertical flow are the principal mechanisms for moving water through the flow system. The potential for changes in ground-water quality is high in areas where chemical constituents can be mobilized by these mechanisms. Less than 2 percent of ground-water discharge to streams comes from the Intermediate system; thus, it plays a minor role in the hydrodynamics of the stream- aquifer system.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944115","usgsCitation":"Konikow, L.F., Granato, G., and Hornberger, G., 1994, User's guide to revised method-of-characteristics solute-transport model (MOC--version 31): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4115, iv, 63 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944115.","productDescription":"iv, 63 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56939,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4115/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158719,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4115/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a16e4b07f02db603de7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":199236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Granato, G.E.","contributorId":61457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granato","given":"G.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hornberger, G.Z.","contributorId":71582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"G.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":18899,"text":"ofr9445 - 1994 - Calculation of a water budget and delineation of contributing sources to drainflows in the western San Joaquin Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-08T20:53:17.746682","indexId":"ofr9445","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-45","title":"Calculation of a water budget and delineation of contributing sources to drainflows in the western San Joaquin Valley, California","docAbstract":"<p>Geohydrologic data and a ground-water flow model were used to calculate a water budget and evaluate the contribution of regional groundwater flow to on-farm drainflow in a part of the western San Joaquin Valley, California. Regional ground-water flow is affected by the distribution of unconsolidated coarse- and fine-grained sediment. Predominantly coarse-grained sediment in the upslope areas results in a water table greater than 3 meters below land surface, but the low-lying areas are underlain by predominantly fine-grained sediments and have a water table within 3 meters of land surface. The vertical component of flow is downward in the upslope areas, but can be upward at some locations in the low-lying areas. </p><p>Results of model simulations indicate that about 18.5x10<sup>6</sup> cubic meters per year of drainflow originates as recharge within the fields that overlay the drainage systems (89 percent), and 2.3x10<sup>6</sup> cubic meters per year of drainflow is lateral-flowing ground water and upward-moving deep percolation originating as recharge within fields upslope of the drainage systems (11 percent). The drainage systems that intercept this upslope recharge overlay predominantly coarse-grained sediment associated with old stream channels. This ground water can move upward from depths greater than 29 meters below land surface and distances as great as 3.6 kilometers, requiring from 10 to more than 90 years to reach the drainage systems.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9445","usgsCitation":"Fio, J.L., 1994, Calculation of a water budget and delineation of contributing sources to drainflows in the western San Joaquin Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-45, v, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9445.","productDescription":"v, 39 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":406406,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12447.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":48300,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0045/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":151333,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0045/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"western San Joaquin Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.821,\n              36.713\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.5,\n              36.713\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.5,\n              36.949\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.821,\n              36.949\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.821,\n              36.713\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e74b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fio, John L.","contributorId":77543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fio","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":17218,"text":"ofr94662 - 1994 - Hazard of earthquake-induced lateral-spread ground failure on the Central California Coast modeled from earth-science map data in a geographic information system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:15","indexId":"ofr94662","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-662","title":"Hazard of earthquake-induced lateral-spread ground failure on the Central California Coast modeled from earth-science map data in a geographic information system","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr94662","usgsCitation":"Pike, R.J., Bernknopf, R., Tinsley, J.C., and Mark, R.K., 1994, Hazard of earthquake-induced lateral-spread ground failure on the Central California Coast modeled from earth-science map data in a geographic information system: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-662, 46 p. :ill., maps (1 col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94662.","productDescription":"46 p. :ill., maps (1 col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149379,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0662/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":21652,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0662/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46365,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0662/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63f0c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pike, Richard J. rpike@usgs.gov","contributorId":5753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pike","given":"Richard","email":"rpike@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":175452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bernknopf, R. L.","contributorId":46082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernknopf","given":"R. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tinsley, J. C.","contributorId":65827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinsley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mark, R. K.","contributorId":32159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":64643,"text":"i2451 - 1994 - Wetlands of modern and ancestral Lakes Erie and St. Clair, Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, Pennsylvania, and New York, U.S.A., and Ontario, Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-13T21:42:30.764255","indexId":"i2451","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2451","title":"Wetlands of modern and ancestral Lakes Erie and St. Clair, Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, Pennsylvania, and New York, U.S.A., and Ontario, Canada","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2451","usgsCitation":"Robbins, E.I., Rybicki, R.A., Hockey, D., Fuller, J.A., and Indrick, S.S., 1994, Wetlands of modern and ancestral Lakes Erie and St. Clair, Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, Pennsylvania, and New York, U.S.A., and Ontario, Canada: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2451, Report: 1 p.; 1 Plate: 51.49 × 29.79 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2451.","productDescription":"Report: 1 p.; 1 Plate: 51.49 × 29.79 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":410403,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_10282.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":255060,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2451/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":255059,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2451/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":255058,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2451/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"500000","country":"Canada, United States","state":"Indiana, Michigan, New York, Ohio, Ontario, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Lake Erie, Lake St. Claire","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -85,\n              40.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -85,\n              43\n            ],\n            [\n              -78,\n              43\n            ],\n            [\n              -78,\n              40.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -85,\n              40.75\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e498b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, E. I.","contributorId":101269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rybicki, R. A.","contributorId":106577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rybicki","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hockey, David","contributorId":10103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hockey","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fuller, J. A.","contributorId":29838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Indrick, S. S.","contributorId":36225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Indrick","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":26147,"text":"wri944042 - 1994 - Relation of stream quality to streamflow, and estimated loads of selected water-quality constituents in the James and Rappahannock rivers near the fall line of Virginia, July 1988 through June 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:34","indexId":"wri944042","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4042","title":"Relation of stream quality to streamflow, and estimated loads of selected water-quality constituents in the James and Rappahannock rivers near the fall line of Virginia, July 1988 through June 1990","docAbstract":"This report presents the results of a study by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality-- Division of Intergovernmental Coordination to monitor and estimate loads of selected nutrients and suspended solids discharged to Chesapeake Bay from two major tributaries in Virginia. From July 1988 through June 1990, monitoring consisted of collecting depth-integrated, cross-sectional samples from the James and Rappahannock Rivers during storm- flow conditions and at scheduled intervals. Water- quality constituents that were monitored included total suspended solids (residue, total at 105 degrees Celsius), dissolved nitrite plus nitrate, dissolved ammonia, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (ammonia plus organic), total nitrogen, total phosphorus, dissolved orthopohosphorus, total organic carbon, and dissolved silica. Daily mean load estimates of each constituent were computed by month, using a seven-parameter log-linear-regression model that uses variables of time, discharge, and seasonality. Water-quality data and constituent- load estimates are included in the report in tabular and graphic form. The data and load estimates provided in this report will be used to calibrate the computer modeling efforts of the Chesapeake Bay region, evaluate the water quality of the Bay and the major effects on the water quality, and assess the results of best-management practices in Virginia.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944042","usgsCitation":"Belval, D., Campbell, J., and Woodside, M.D., 1994, Relation of stream quality to streamflow, and estimated loads of selected water-quality constituents in the James and Rappahannock rivers near the fall line of Virginia, July 1988 through June 1990: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4042, vi, 85 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944042.","productDescription":"vi, 85 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158325,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4042/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54941,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4042/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686512","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belval, D.L.","contributorId":52186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belval","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, J.P.","contributorId":80310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woodside, M. D.","contributorId":98722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodside","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":27124,"text":"wri934160 - 1994 - Calibration of a streamflow-routing model for the Delaware River and its principal tributaries in New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-05T11:23:34","indexId":"wri934160","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4160","title":"Calibration of a streamflow-routing model for the Delaware River and its principal tributaries in New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"The flow-routing module of the Hydrologic Simulation Program-Fortran watershed model was calibrated for 31 reaches on the Delaware River and 5 of it principal tributaries. These calibrations primarily involved the development of discharge-storage volume relations for the defined reaches. Daily discharge records for stream-gaging stations located at the upstream ends of the study reaches on the respective streams provided the primary hydrographic inputs for the routing models. Streamflow records for gaging stations at upstream locations and on other tributaries were used to estimate all other inflows for the 5-year calibration period, 1979-83. Root mean square errors of streamflows that were simulated for the downstream ends of gaged reaches ranged from 0.4 to 9.4 percent for the Delaware River, Lehigh River, Schuylkill River, and Brandywine Creek. Errors of 13 and 30 percent resulted from the streamflow simulations for the Lackawaxen and Neversink Rivers, respectively.\r\n\r\n      Verification simulations for a 3-month period of extreme low flows on the Delaware River in 1966 resulted in overestimation of discharges for the Trenton, NJ, gaging station by approximately 50 percent on many days. Observed (recorded) streamflows at the Trenton gaging station during this time were exceptionally low, owing to comparatively large diversions of flow for public supplies, and into the Delaware and Raritan Canal. A flow-verification simulation for 3 months of the summer and fall of 1985, during which time minimum flows in the basin were comparable to those of 1966, resulted in a root mean square error of 3.3 percent for the Trenton gaging station. There was no diversion to the Delaware and Raritan Canal at the time. Simulated flows closely matched observed flows for upstream gaging stations on the Delaware River as well, thereby confirming the routing calibration for this stream.\r\n\r\n      Information contained in this report can be used, with little modification, to develop routing modules for full-scale applications of the Hydrologic Simulation Program FORTRAN model to the watersheds of the studied streams.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri934160","usgsCitation":"Flippo, H., and Madden, T., 1994, Calibration of a streamflow-routing model for the Delaware River and its principal tributaries in New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4160, v, 31 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934160.","productDescription":"v, 31 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123474,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4160/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55986,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4160/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688e7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flippo, H.N. Jr.","contributorId":96301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flippo","given":"H.N.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Madden, T.M. Jr.","contributorId":41044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madden","given":"T.M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":19227,"text":"ofr94468 - 1994 - A data input program (MFI) for the U.S. Geological Survey modular finite-difference ground-water flow model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:32","indexId":"ofr94468","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-468","title":"A data input program (MFI) for the U.S. Geological Survey modular finite-difference ground-water flow model","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS ESIC--Open-File Report Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr94468","usgsCitation":"Harbaugh, A.W., 1994, A data input program (MFI) for the U.S. Geological Survey modular finite-difference ground-water flow model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-468, vi, 24 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94468.","productDescription":"vi, 24 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151383,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0468/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48687,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0468/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6af5fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harbaugh, Arlen W. harbaugh@usgs.gov","contributorId":426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harbaugh","given":"Arlen","email":"harbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":180522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2590,"text":"wsp2401 - 1994 - Hydrogeology and analysis of the ground-water-flow system of the eastern shore, Virginia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":20633,"text":"ofr91490 - 1992 - Hydrogeology and analysis of the ground-water-flow system of the Eastern Shore, Virginia","indexId":"ofr91490","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrogeology and analysis of the ground-water-flow system of the Eastern Shore, Virginia"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2590,"text":"wsp2401 - 1994 - Hydrogeology and analysis of the ground-water-flow system of the eastern shore, Virginia","indexId":"wsp2401","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrogeology and analysis of the ground-water-flow system of the eastern shore, Virginia"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:20","indexId":"wsp2401","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2401","title":"Hydrogeology and analysis of the ground-water-flow system of the eastern shore, Virginia","docAbstract":"Ground water is the sole freshwater supply for the Eastern Shore Peninsula in Virginia. The fresh ground-water-flow system consists of a water-table aquifer underlain by three confined aquifers separated by intervening confining units. Results of simulations using a sharp-interface, ground-water-flow model indicate that current levels of withdrawal have not caused noticeable saltwater intrusion and that lateral movement of the boundary between saltwater and freshwater is slow and takes place over long periods of time.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nFor sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Map Distribution,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2401","usgsCitation":"Richardson, D.L., 1994, Hydrogeology and analysis of the ground-water-flow system of the eastern shore, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2401, vii, 108 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; 1 plate in pocket, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2401.","productDescription":"vii, 108 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; 1 plate in pocket","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137576,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2401/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28867,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2401/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28868,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2401/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db6275c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richardson, Donna L.","contributorId":54572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":44732,"text":"wri944126 - 1994 - Potential for, and possible effects of, artificial recharge in Carson Valley, Douglas County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:59","indexId":"wri944126","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4126","title":"Potential for, and possible effects of, artificial recharge in Carson Valley, Douglas County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Rapid population growth in Carson Valley, west- central Nevada, requires a dependable municipal water source. Artificial recharge of aquifers using available flow of the Carson River is one way to increase the amount of water in underground storage and maintain a dependable ground-water supply. Ground water can be artificially recharged by routing excess surface water or, after proper treatment, routing wastewater to infiltration basins or injection wells. Withdrawal wells would remove stored water when needed. As a first step, maps showing areas in Carson Valley with high, low, moderate and unknown potential for artificial recharge were developed on the basis of the distribution of geologic units, depth to water, specific yield, infiltration rate, and location of natural recharge and discharge. For recharge by means of infiltration, areas totaling 5,700 acres have high potential, 23,900 acres have moderate potential, and 6,200 acres have low potential. For recharge through injection, areas totaling 7,800 acres have high potential and 43,500 acres have moderate potential; 23,000 acres have unknown potential because data are lacking on subsurface conditions. A ground-water-flow model was used to assess the possible results of artificial recharge. Simulations with no accompanying ground-water withdrawal show that, when recharge by injection is simulated near the valley floor, heads in the semiconfined aquifer increase over much of the valley, floor; only about 20 percent of the recharged water is stored in the aquifer after 5 years and as much as 80 percent is lost to streamflow and evapotranspiration. When recharge is simulated on the eastern side of the valley, 80 percent of the recharged water remains in storage after 5 years. When recharge is simulated near the valley floor, more water is lost to discharge than when recharge is on the eastern side of the valley. When recharge is applied for long periods without accompanying withdrawal, recharged water moves downgradient to discharge areas. The recharge water that discharges to the surface-water system could in turn replenish base flow of the Carson River and benefit downstream users.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri944126","usgsCitation":"Maurer, D.K., and Peltz, L.A., 1994, Potential for, and possible effects of, artificial recharge in Carson Valley, Douglas County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4126, 87 p.; 7 maps on 4 sheets : col. ; 37 x 27 cm., sheets 61 x 102 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944126.","productDescription":"87 p.; 7 maps on 4 sheets : col. ; 37 x 27 cm., sheets 61 x 102 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":99323,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4126/report.pdf","size":"108","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":99324,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4126/plate-1.pdf","size":"5233","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":99325,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4126/plate-2.pdf","size":"5671","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":99326,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4126/plate-3.pdf","size":"6154","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":99327,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4126/plate-4.pdf","size":"5942","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":167921,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4126/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683327","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maurer, Douglas K. dkmaurer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maurer","given":"Douglas","email":"dkmaurer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":230334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peltz, Lorri A.","contributorId":29401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peltz","given":"Lorri","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12701,"text":"US Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":230335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":66626,"text":"i2387 - 1994 - Geologic maps of the southwestern Puerto Rico Parguera to Guanica insular shelf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-14T14:17:48","indexId":"i2387","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2387","title":"Geologic maps of the southwestern Puerto Rico Parguera to Guanica insular shelf","docAbstract":"<p>These maps describe the sediments and sedimentary environment of the southwestern Puerto Rico shelf (index). In addition to presenting new data, the maps summarize earlier geological investigations. </p><p>There are two morphological zones separated along a line extending southward from Punta Jorobaflo. The Parguera shelf extends from this line to the western boundary of the study area, and the Guanica shelf extends from Punta Jorobado to the eastern study limit (fig. 1). The age and character of the underlying limestone bedrock, the depositional environment, the history of subaerial erosion, and the intensity of modem physical processes differ in each of these shelf areas. However, the bedrock surface of both the Parquera and Guanica shelves is primarily karst; the limestone surface was modified by reef growth and sediment deposition after the last glacial lowstand. Although several anticlines and faults that trend parallel to the shoreline have been mapped on the adjacent land areas (Volckmann, 1984), no evidence was found to suggest major structural features on the shelf.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2387","usgsCitation":"Morelock, J., Winget, E.A., and Goenaga, C., 1994, Geologic maps of the southwestern Puerto Rico Parguera to Guanica insular shelf: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2387, 4 maps :col. ;35 x 66 cm. and smaller on sheet 147 x 102 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm. +1 pamphlet (6 p. ; 28 cm.), https://doi.org/10.3133/i2387.","productDescription":"4 maps :col. ;35 x 66 cm. and smaller on sheet 147 x 102 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm. +1 pamphlet (6 p. ; 28 cm.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":91583,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2387/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"710 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":107407,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_10263.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"10263"},{"id":189615,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2387/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"40000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -67.11749999999999,17.850833333333334 ], [ -67.11749999999999,17.984166666666667 ], [ -66.86749999999999,17.984166666666667 ], [ -66.86749999999999,17.850833333333334 ], [ -67.11749999999999,17.850833333333334 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c527","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morelock, Jack","contributorId":27145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morelock","given":"Jack","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":274816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winget, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":38165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winget","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":274818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goenaga, Carlos","contributorId":32569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goenaga","given":"Carlos","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":274817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":20598,"text":"ofr94221 - 1994 - Computer programs ASPAR, GSAS and ENAS and APROB for the statistical modeling of aftershock sequences and estimation of aftershock hazard","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:40","indexId":"ofr94221","displayToPublicDate":"1995-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-221","title":"Computer programs ASPAR, GSAS and ENAS and APROB for the statistical modeling of aftershock sequences and estimation of aftershock hazard","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr94221","usgsCitation":"Reasenberg, P., 1994, Computer programs ASPAR, GSAS and ENAS and APROB for the statistical modeling of aftershock sequences and estimation of aftershock hazard: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-221, 36 p., :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94221.","productDescription":"36 p., :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153259,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0221/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50115,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0221/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7706","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reasenberg, Paul","contributorId":10806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reasenberg","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":17237,"text":"ofr92139 - 1994 - Hydrogeology and hydrochemistry of dunes and wetlands along the southern shore of Lake Michigan, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:15","indexId":"ofr92139","displayToPublicDate":"1995-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-139","title":"Hydrogeology and hydrochemistry of dunes and wetlands along the southern shore of Lake Michigan, Indiana","docAbstract":"The dunes and the wetlands along the southern shore of Lake Michigan are underlain by a complex aquifer system composed of unconsolidated glacial, lacustrine, and eolian deposits.  Surficial dune, beach, and glacial lacustrine sands compose an extensive surficial aquifer. The underlying drift contains three major confined sand aquifers. Potentiometric and hydrochemical data are consistent with a conceptual model in which regional and intermediate flow systems, recharged in end moraines south of the dune-beach complexes, discharge into Lake Michigan and the Great Marsh by upward leakage through unconsolidated sediments. Local flow systems in the surficial aquifer, recharged in the major dune-beach complexes, discharge into streams, ditches, and ponded areas in the adjacent interdunal wetlands. Shallow ground water discharges directly into Lake Michigan only north of a water-table divide that underlies the dune-beach complex along the shoreline. The position of ground-water seepage faces is affected by transient water-table mounds observed in the dune-beach complexes at the margins of wetlands. Substantial recharge to the dune complexes probably occurs near these dune-wetland margins. In the dune-beach complexes and intradunal wetlands, the shallow ground and wetland waters are dilute calcium bicarbonate and calcium bicarbonate sulfate types. More mineralized bicarbonate water types having variable proportions of calcium, magnesium, and sodium are found in interior parts of the Great Marsh because this area is probably a discharge zone for the regional and intermediate flow systems.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr92139","usgsCitation":"Shedlock, R.J., Cohen, D., Imbrigiotta, T., and Thompson, T., 1994, Hydrogeology and hydrochemistry of dunes and wetlands along the southern shore of Lake Michigan, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-139, vi, 85 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92139.","productDescription":"vi, 85 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149333,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0139/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46387,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0139/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db62540b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shedlock, Robert J. rjshedlo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shedlock","given":"Robert","email":"rjshedlo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":175546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cohen, D.A.","contributorId":17628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Imbrigiotta, T.E. 0000-0003-1716-4768","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1716-4768","contributorId":86355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imbrigiotta","given":"T.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thompson, T.A.","contributorId":73226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":17231,"text":"ofr94337 - 1994 - Hydrogeologic and water-quality data used to characterize the Management Systems Evaluation Area near Princeton, Minnesota, 1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-08T13:49:29","indexId":"ofr94337","displayToPublicDate":"1995-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-337","title":"Hydrogeologic and water-quality data used to characterize the Management Systems Evaluation Area near Princeton, Minnesota, 1991","docAbstract":"<p>The Minnesota Management Systems Evaluation Area project is part of a multi-scale, inter-agency initiative to evaluate the effects of agricultural management systems on water quality in the midwest corn belt. The research area is located in the Anoka Sand Plain about 5 kilometers southwest of Princeton, Minnesota. The ground-water-quality monitoring network within and immediately surrounding the research area consists of 29 observation wells and 22 multiport wells. Thirteen observation wells are also located outside the research area. The primary objectives of research by the U.S. Geological Survey at the Princeton Management Systems Evaluation Area are to: (1) determine the relation of the spatial and temporal distribution of agricultural chemicals in ground water to recharge, topography, and subsurface heterogeneities; and (2) determine the effects of the modified and prevailing farming systems on ground-water quality. This report presents geologic logs and water-quality data used to characterize the Princeton Management Systems Evaluation Area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/ofr94337","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Minnesota Department of Soil Science, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, and the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency","usgsCitation":"Delin, G., Landon, M., Lamb, J., and Anderson, J.L., 1994, Hydrogeologic and water-quality data used to characterize the Management Systems Evaluation Area near Princeton, Minnesota, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-337, iii, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94337.","productDescription":"iii, 42 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":149307,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0337/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46380,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0337/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Princeton","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.62557411193848,\n              45.52306687976779\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.62557411193848,\n              45.532086387683606\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.61398696899414,\n              45.532086387683606\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.61398696899414,\n              45.52306687976779\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.62557411193848,\n              45.52306687976779\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db628c4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Delin, G. N.","contributorId":12834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"G. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landon, M.K. 0000-0002-5766-0494","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":69572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"M.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lamb, J.A.","contributorId":95898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamb","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, J. L.","contributorId":103240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":28170,"text":"wri934020 - 1994 - Nonlinear-regression flow model of the Gulf Coast aquifer systems in the south-central United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:50","indexId":"wri934020","displayToPublicDate":"1995-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4020","title":"Nonlinear-regression flow model of the Gulf Coast aquifer systems in the south-central United States","docAbstract":"A multiple-regression methodology was used to help answer questions concerning model reliability, and to calibrate a time-dependent variable-density ground-water flow model of the gulf coast aquifer systems in the south-central United States. More than 40 regression models with 2 to 31 regressions parameters are used and detailed results are presented for 12 of the models. More than 3,000 values for grid-element volume-averaged head and hydraulic conductivity are used for the regression model observations. Calculated prediction interval half widths, though perhaps inaccurate due to a lack of normality of the residuals, are the smallest for models with only four regression parameters. In addition, the root-mean weighted residual decreases very little with an increase in the number of regression parameters. The various models showed considerable overlap between the prediction inter- vals for shallow head and hydraulic conductivity. Approximate 95-percent prediction interval half widths for volume-averaged freshwater head exceed 108 feet; for volume-averaged base 10 logarithm hydraulic conductivity, they exceed 0.89. All of the models are unreliable for the prediction of head and ground-water flow in the deeper parts of the aquifer systems, including the amount of flow coming from the underlying geopressured zone. Truncating the domain of solution of one model to exclude that part of the system having a ground-water density greater than 1.005 grams per cubic centimeter or to exclude that part of the systems below a depth of 3,000 feet, and setting the density to that of freshwater does not appreciably change the results for head and ground-water flow, except for locations close to the truncation surface.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934020","usgsCitation":"Kuiper, L., 1994, Nonlinear-regression flow model of the Gulf Coast aquifer systems in the south-central United States: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4020, ix, 171 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934020.","productDescription":"ix, 171 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123592,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4020/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57004,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4020/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696eb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuiper, L.K.","contributorId":34557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuiper","given":"L.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}