{"pageNumber":"1341","pageRowStart":"33500","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40894,"records":[{"id":20489,"text":"ofr94464 - 1994 - User's guide for MODPATH/MODPATH-PLOT, Version 3; a particle tracking post-processing package for MODFLOW, the U.S. Geological Survey finite-difference ground-water flow model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:40","indexId":"ofr94464","displayToPublicDate":"1995-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-464","title":"User's guide for MODPATH/MODPATH-PLOT, Version 3; a particle tracking post-processing package for MODFLOW, the U.S. Geological Survey finite-difference ground-water flow model","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"The Survey ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Earth Science Information Center [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr94464","usgsCitation":"Pollock, D.W., 1994, User's guide for MODPATH/MODPATH-PLOT, Version 3; a particle tracking post-processing package for MODFLOW, the U.S. Geological Survey finite-difference ground-water flow model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-464, 1 v., 248 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94464.","productDescription":"1 v., 248 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152071,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0464/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50020,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0464/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db603ee4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollock, David W. dwpolloc@usgs.gov","contributorId":4248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollock","given":"David","email":"dwpolloc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":182738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":20184,"text":"ofr94505 - 1994 - Simulation analysis of the ground-water flow system in the Portland Basin, Oregon and Washington","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":20184,"text":"ofr94505 - 1994 - Simulation analysis of the ground-water flow system in the Portland Basin, Oregon and Washington","indexId":"ofr94505","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"title":"Simulation analysis of the ground-water flow system in the Portland Basin, Oregon and Washington"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2332,"text":"wsp2470B - 1996 - Simulation analysis of the ground-water flow system in the Portland Basin, Oregon and Washington","indexId":"wsp2470B","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Simulation analysis of the ground-water flow system in the Portland Basin, Oregon and Washington"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":2332,"text":"wsp2470B - 1996 - Simulation analysis of the ground-water flow system in the Portland Basin, Oregon and Washington","indexId":"wsp2470B","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"Simulation analysis of the ground-water flow system in the Portland Basin, Oregon and Washington"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:43","indexId":"ofr94505","displayToPublicDate":"1995-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-505","title":"Simulation analysis of the ground-water flow system in the Portland Basin, Oregon and Washington","docAbstract":"A numerical model of the ground-water flow-system in the Portland Basin, Oregon and Washington, was used to test and refine the conceptual understanding of the flow system and estimate the effects of past and future human-caused changes to the ground-water system. Recharge to the basin in 1987-88 consisted primarily of 1,440 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) from direct infiltration of precipitation, but was augmented in unsewered urban areas by 62 ft3/s from runoff to drywells and 27 ft3/s from on-site waste disposal systems. Forty-nine percent of the recharge in the basin infiltrates through the Troutdale gravel aquifer and 22 percent through the unconsoli- dated sedimentary aquifer. The unconsolidated sedimentary aquifer and Troutdale gravel aquifer supplied 85 percent of 1987-88 pumpage. Recharge under pre-development conditions was 180 ft3/s (12 percent) more than in 1987-88 owing to the lack of impervious surfaces associated with urbanization. Simulation of the effects of the increased recharge and no well discharge indicates that water levels could have declined as much as 50 feet within the Troutdale gravel in southern Clark County in response to municipal pumping. The combination of reduced recharge and increased pumpage could have reduced discharge to large rivers by 25 percent, and discharge to small rivers and streams by 16 percent, since pre-development conditions. One hypothetical condition for future ground-water development was simulated to test the effects of additional pumping stress on the ground-water system. Pumpage estimates in this condition were based on projected municipal supply demands in Clark County through the year 2010 and on limited use of the City of Portland Columbia South Shore well-field. The hypothetical pumpage was 55 percent (92 ft3/s) greater than 1987-88 pumpage. Equilibrium water-level declines were as much as 20-40 ft in the Troutdale gravel aquifer in Clark County and in the Troutdale sandstone aquifer underlying the Columbia South Shore well-field. At equilibrium, much of the additional pumpage  was supplied by capture of discharge to the Columbia River (14 ft3/s) and by additional recharge induced from the Columbia River (26 ft3/s).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr94505","usgsCitation":"Morgan, D.S., and McFarland, W.D., 1994, Simulation analysis of the ground-water flow system in the Portland Basin, Oregon and Washington (Superseded by WSP 2470-B): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-505, vi, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94505.","productDescription":"vi, 85 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":152895,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0505/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49728,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0505/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Superseded by WSP 2470-B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a56f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morgan, David S.","contributorId":73181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McFarland, William D.","contributorId":18738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McFarland","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28170,"text":"wri934020 - 1994 - Nonlinear-regression flow model of the Gulf Coast aquifer systems in the south-central United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:50","indexId":"wri934020","displayToPublicDate":"1995-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4020","title":"Nonlinear-regression flow model of the Gulf Coast aquifer systems in the south-central United States","docAbstract":"A multiple-regression methodology was used to help answer questions concerning model reliability, and to calibrate a time-dependent variable-density ground-water flow model of the gulf coast aquifer systems in the south-central United States. More than 40 regression models with 2 to 31 regressions parameters are used and detailed results are presented for 12 of the models. More than 3,000 values for grid-element volume-averaged head and hydraulic conductivity are used for the regression model observations. Calculated prediction interval half widths, though perhaps inaccurate due to a lack of normality of the residuals, are the smallest for models with only four regression parameters. In addition, the root-mean weighted residual decreases very little with an increase in the number of regression parameters. The various models showed considerable overlap between the prediction inter- vals for shallow head and hydraulic conductivity. Approximate 95-percent prediction interval half widths for volume-averaged freshwater head exceed 108 feet; for volume-averaged base 10 logarithm hydraulic conductivity, they exceed 0.89. All of the models are unreliable for the prediction of head and ground-water flow in the deeper parts of the aquifer systems, including the amount of flow coming from the underlying geopressured zone. Truncating the domain of solution of one model to exclude that part of the system having a ground-water density greater than 1.005 grams per cubic centimeter or to exclude that part of the systems below a depth of 3,000 feet, and setting the density to that of freshwater does not appreciably change the results for head and ground-water flow, except for locations close to the truncation surface.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934020","usgsCitation":"Kuiper, L., 1994, Nonlinear-regression flow model of the Gulf Coast aquifer systems in the south-central United States: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4020, ix, 171 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934020.","productDescription":"ix, 171 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123592,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4020/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57004,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4020/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696eb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuiper, L.K.","contributorId":34557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuiper","given":"L.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":17571,"text":"ofr94281 - 1994 - PRISM 8 degrees X 10 degrees North Hemisphere paleoclimate reconstruction; digital data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:21","indexId":"ofr94281","displayToPublicDate":"1995-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-281","title":"PRISM 8 degrees X 10 degrees North Hemisphere paleoclimate reconstruction; digital data","docAbstract":"The PRISM 8?x10? data set represents several years of investigation by PRISM (Pliocene Research, Interpretation, and Synoptic Mapping) Project members. One of the goals of PRISM is to produce time-slice reconstructions of intervals of warmer than modern climate within the Pliocene Epoch. The first of these was chosen to be at 3.0 Ma (time scale of Berggren et al., 1985) and is published in Global and Planetary Change (Dowsett et al., 1994). This document contains the actual data sets and a brief explanation of how they were constructed. For paleoenvironmental interpretations and discussion of each data set, see Dowsett et al., in press. The data sets includes sea level, land ice distribution, vegetation or land cover, sea surface temperature and sea-ice cover matrices. \r\nThis reconstruction of Middle Pliocene climate is organized as a series of datasets representing different environmental attributes. The data sets are designed for use with the GISS Model II atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) using an 8?x10? resolution (Hansen et al., 1983). The first step in documenting the Pliocene climate involves assigning an appropriate fraction of land versus ocean to each grid box. Following grid cell by grid cell, land versus ocean allocations, winter and summer sea ice coverage of ocean areas are assigned and then winter and summer sea surface temperatures are assigned to open ocean areas. Average land ice cover is recorded for land areas and then land areas not covered by ice are assigned proportions of six vegetation or land cover categories modified from Hansen et al. (1983).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr94281","usgsCitation":"Barron, J.A., Cronin, T.M., Dowsett, H.J., Fleming, F.R., Holtz, T.R., Ishman, S.E., Poore, R.Z., Thompson, R.S., and Willard, D.A., 1994, PRISM 8 degrees X 10 degrees North Hemisphere paleoclimate reconstruction; digital data (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-281, 23 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94281.","productDescription":"23 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1023,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/of94-281/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":150140,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0281/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46773,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0281/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689e13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barron, John A. 0000-0002-9309-1145 jbarron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9309-1145","contributorId":2222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barron","given":"John","email":"jbarron@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":176936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cronin, Thomas M. 0000-0002-2643-0979 tcronin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":2579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"Thomas","email":"tcronin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":176937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dowsett, Harry J. 0000-0003-1983-7524 hdowsett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-7524","contributorId":949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowsett","given":"Harry","email":"hdowsett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":176934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fleming, Farley R.","contributorId":36577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"Farley","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holtz, Thomas R. Jr.","contributorId":72351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holtz","given":"Thomas","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ishman, Scott E.","contributorId":102468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ishman","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Poore, Richard Z. rpoore@usgs.gov","contributorId":345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"Richard","email":"rpoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":176932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Thompson, Robert S. 0000-0001-9287-2954 rthompson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9287-2954","contributorId":891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Robert","email":"rthompson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":176933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Willard, Debra A. 0000-0003-4878-0942 dwillard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4878-0942","contributorId":2076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willard","given":"Debra","email":"dwillard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":24693,"text":"Climate Research and Development","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":176935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":38200,"text":"pp1538H - 1994 - A search for paleoliquefaction and evidence bearing on the recurrence behavior of the great 1811-12 New Madrid earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:00","indexId":"pp1538H","displayToPublicDate":"1995-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1538","chapter":"H","title":"A search for paleoliquefaction and evidence bearing on the recurrence behavior of the great 1811-12 New Madrid earthquakes","docAbstract":"In the winter of 1811-12, three of the largest historic earthquakes in the United States occurred near New Madrid, Missouri. Seismicity continues to the present day throughout a tightly clustered pattern of epicenters centered on the bootheel of Missouri, including parts of northeastern Arkansas, northwestern Tennessee, western Kentucky, and southern Illinois. In 1990, the New Madrid seismic zone/central United States became the first seismically active region east of the Rocky Mountains to be designated a priority research area within the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP). This professional paper is a collection of papers, some published separately, presenting results of the newly intensified research program in this area. Major components of this research program include tectonic framework studies, seismicity and deformation monitoring and modeling, improved seismic hazard and risk assessments, and cooperative hazard mitigation studies.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1538H","usgsCitation":"Wesnousky, S., and Leffler, L., 1994, A search for paleoliquefaction and evidence bearing on the recurrence behavior of the great 1811-12 New Madrid earthquakes: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1538, p. H1-H42, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1538H.","productDescription":"p. H1-H42","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123909,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1538h/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":64488,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1538h/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b18e4b07f02db6a6fed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wesnousky, S.G.","contributorId":16469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wesnousky","given":"S.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leffler, L.M.","contributorId":63854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leffler","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":17231,"text":"ofr94337 - 1994 - Hydrogeologic and water-quality data used to characterize the Management Systems Evaluation Area near Princeton, Minnesota, 1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-08T13:49:29","indexId":"ofr94337","displayToPublicDate":"1995-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-337","title":"Hydrogeologic and water-quality data used to characterize the Management Systems Evaluation Area near Princeton, Minnesota, 1991","docAbstract":"<p>The Minnesota Management Systems Evaluation Area project is part of a multi-scale, inter-agency initiative to evaluate the effects of agricultural management systems on water quality in the midwest corn belt. The research area is located in the Anoka Sand Plain about 5 kilometers southwest of Princeton, Minnesota. The ground-water-quality monitoring network within and immediately surrounding the research area consists of 29 observation wells and 22 multiport wells. Thirteen observation wells are also located outside the research area. The primary objectives of research by the U.S. Geological Survey at the Princeton Management Systems Evaluation Area are to: (1) determine the relation of the spatial and temporal distribution of agricultural chemicals in ground water to recharge, topography, and subsurface heterogeneities; and (2) determine the effects of the modified and prevailing farming systems on ground-water quality. This report presents geologic logs and water-quality data used to characterize the Princeton Management Systems Evaluation Area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/ofr94337","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Minnesota Department of Soil Science, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, and the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency","usgsCitation":"Delin, G., Landon, M., Lamb, J., and Anderson, J.L., 1994, Hydrogeologic and water-quality data used to characterize the Management Systems Evaluation Area near Princeton, Minnesota, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-337, iii, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94337.","productDescription":"iii, 42 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":149307,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0337/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46380,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0337/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Princeton","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.62557411193848,\n              45.52306687976779\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.62557411193848,\n              45.532086387683606\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.61398696899414,\n              45.532086387683606\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.61398696899414,\n              45.52306687976779\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.62557411193848,\n              45.52306687976779\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db628c4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Delin, G. N.","contributorId":12834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"G. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landon, M.K. 0000-0002-5766-0494","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":69572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"M.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lamb, J.A.","contributorId":95898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamb","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, J. L.","contributorId":103240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":17790,"text":"ofr94351 - 1994 - U.S. Geological Survey approved inorganic and organic methods for the analysis of water and fluvial sediment, 1954-94","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-28T17:43:35.76281","indexId":"ofr94351","displayToPublicDate":"1995-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-351","title":"U.S. Geological Survey approved inorganic and organic methods for the analysis of water and fluvial sediment, 1954-94","docAbstract":"All inorganic and organic methods for analyzing samples of water and fluvial sediment, which have been approved for use by the U.S. Geological Survey from 1954 to the present (1994), are listed. Descriptive method names include references to published reports for easy retrieval of methodology. The year each method was approved is listed as well as the year the method was discontinued. Inorganic and organic methods are listed separately by sample type (dissolved, whole water, bottom material, suspended sediment, or fish tissue) and by mode of analysis (manual or automated, or both).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr94351","usgsCitation":"Fishman, M., Raese, J.W., Gerlitz, C.N., and Husband, R.A., 1994, U.S. Geological Survey approved inorganic and organic methods for the analysis of water and fluvial sediment, 1954-94: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-351, iii, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94351.","productDescription":"iii, 55 p.","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":47030,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0351/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":149082,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0351/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2be4b07f02db612ded","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fishman, Marvin J.","contributorId":87110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fishman","given":"Marvin J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Raese, Jon W. jwraese@usgs.gov","contributorId":183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raese","given":"Jon","email":"jwraese@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":177853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gerlitz, Carol N.","contributorId":65128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerlitz","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Husband, Richard A.","contributorId":46359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Husband","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":28756,"text":"wri924013 - 1994 - Geohydrology and water quality of stratified-drift aquifers in the lower Connecticut River basin, southwestern New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:46","indexId":"wri924013","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4013","title":"Geohydrology and water quality of stratified-drift aquifers in the lower Connecticut River basin, southwestern New Hampshire","docAbstract":"Stratified-drift aquifers discontinuously underlie 116 square miles of the Lower Connecticut River basin in southwestern New Hampshire, which has a total drainage area of 1,163 square miles. Saturated thicknesses of stratified drift within the study area are locally greater than 400 feet but generally are less. Transmissivities 1ocally exceeds 4,000 feet squared per day but are generally much less. The 20.8 square mile, or 1.8 percent, of the study area identified as having transmissivity greater than 1,000 feet squared per day represents a valuable resource. The geohydrology of stratified- drift aquifers was investigated by focusing on basic aquifer properties, including aquifer boundaries; recharge, discharge, and direction of ground-water flow; saturated thickness and storage; and transmissivity. Surficial geologic mapping assisted in the determination of aquifer boundaries. Data from more than 2,300 wells, test borings, and springs were used to produce maps of water-table altitude, saturated thickness, and transmissivity of-stratified drift. Seismic-refraction profiles were completed at 29 locations in the study area. These profiles aided in the construction of the water-table and saturated-thickness maps. Seismic- reflection data were also collected along 60 miles of the Connecticut River. A stratified-drift aquifer in southern Croydon and northern Newport was analyzed for aquifer yield using transient simulations and a two-dimensional, finite-difference ground-water-flow model. The objective was to estimate the yield after a 180-day period of pumping. Two hypothetical wells were pumped at 1.0 Mgal/d and 0.5 Mgal/d for 180 days respectively. The amount of water available for infiltration was the limiting factor. Results of analysis of water samples from 22 wells and 8 spring show that, with some exceptions, water in the stratified-drift aquifer generally meets the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's primary and secondary drinking-water regulations.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri924013","usgsCitation":"Moore, R.B., Johnson, C., and Douglas, E., 1994, Geohydrology and water quality of stratified-drift aquifers in the lower Connecticut River basin, southwestern New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4013, 1 v. (various paging) :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm. [PGS - 325 p.], https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924013.","productDescription":"1 v. (various paging) :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm. [PGS - 325 p.]","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123676,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4013/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57616,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4013/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57617,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4013/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57618,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4013/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57619,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4013/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57620,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4013/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6880d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, R. B.","contributorId":98720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, C. D.","contributorId":8120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Douglas, E.M.","contributorId":60685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":19182,"text":"ofr93629 - 1994 - Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, 1899-1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:30","indexId":"ofr93629","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-629","title":"Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, 1899-1992","docAbstract":"A list of publications of the water-resources investigations conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands was compiled. The report includes publications regarding water-resources information in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands released from 1899 to 1992. The publications are grouped into four categories: by author(s), by specific locations in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, by discipline of interest (ground water. surface water, water quality, floods and climate, geology, ground-water modeling, water-level contour maps, sediment, and water use), and by series or type of publication. Also a list of approved reports pending publication is included.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr93629","usgsCitation":"Guzman-Otero, R.I., 1994, Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, 1899-1992: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-629, v, 107 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93629.","productDescription":"v, 107 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0629/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48648,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0629/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a90e4b07f02db655f69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guzman-Otero, Ruth I.","contributorId":29454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guzman-Otero","given":"Ruth","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30522,"text":"wri924187 - 1994 - Hydrology and geochemistry of a surface coal mine in northwestern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:57","indexId":"wri924187","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4187","title":"Hydrology and geochemistry of a surface coal mine in northwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"The hydrology and geochemistry of a reclaimed coal mine in northwestern Colorado were monitored during water years 1988 and 1989. Some data also were collected in water years 1987 and 1990. This report describes (1) the sources of hydrologic recharge to and discharge from reclaimed spoil, (2) the relative contributions of recharge to the reclaimed spoil aquifer from identified source waters and the rate of water movement from those sources to the reclaimed spoil, and (3) the geochemical reactions that control water quality in reclaimed spoil. The study area was at a dip-slope coal mine encompassing about 7 square miles with land slopes of varying aspect. The area was instrumented and monitored at five sites; two sites had unmined and reclaimed- spoil areas adjacent to each other and three sites were unmined. The mined areas had been reclaimed. Instrumentation at the study sites included 1 climate station, 3 rain gages, 19 soil-water access tubes, 2 lysimeters, 18 wells completed in bedrock, 7 wells completed in reclaimed spoil, and 2 surface- water gaging stations. The results of the study indicate that the reclaimed spoil is recharged from surface recharge and underburden aquifers. Discharge, as measured by lysimeters, was about 3 inches per year and occurred during and after snowmelt. Hydraulic-head measurements indicated a potential for ground-water movement from deeper to shallower aquifers. Water levels rose in the reclaimed-spoil aquifer and spring discharge at the toe of the spoil slopes increased rapidly in response to snowmelt. Water chemistry, stable isotopes, geochemical models, and mass-balance calculations indicate that surface recharge and the underburden aquifers each contribute about 50 percent of the water to the reclaimed-spoil aquifers. Geochemical information indicates that pyrite oxidation and dissolution of carbonate and efflorescent sulfate minerals control the water chemistry of the reclaimed-spoil aquifer.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri924187","usgsCitation":"Williams, R., and Clark, G.M., 1994, Hydrology and geochemistry of a surface coal mine in northwestern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4187, vi, 61 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924187.","productDescription":"vi, 61 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124119,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4187/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59301,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4187/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db604da8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, R.S. Jr.","contributorId":46102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"R.S.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, G. M.","contributorId":90325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":39626,"text":"pp1538N - 1994 - Evidence of contemporary and ancient excess fluid pressure in the New Madrid seismic zone of the Reelfoot Rift, central United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:55","indexId":"pp1538N","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1538","chapter":"N","title":"Evidence of contemporary and ancient excess fluid pressure in the New Madrid seismic zone of the Reelfoot Rift, central United States","docAbstract":"In the winter of 1811-12, three of the largest historic earthquakes in the United States occurred near New Madrid, Missouri. Seismicity continues to the present day throughout a tightly clustered pattern of epicenters centered on the bootheel of Missouri, including parts of northeastern Arkansas, northwestern Tennessee, western Kentucky, and southern Illinois. In 1990, the New Madrid seismic zone/central United States became the first seismically active region east of the Rocky Mountains to be designated a priority research area within the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP). This professional paper is a collection of papers, some published separately, presenting results of the newly intensified research program in this area. Major components of this research program include tectonic framework studies, seismicity and deformation monitoring and modeling, improved seismic hazard and risk assessments, and cooperative hazard mitigation studies.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1538N","usgsCitation":"McKeown, F.A., and Diehl, S., 1994, Evidence of contemporary and ancient excess fluid pressure in the New Madrid seismic zone of the Reelfoot Rift, central United States: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1538, p. N1-N24, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1538N.","productDescription":"p. N1-N24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124002,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1538n/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":67263,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1538n/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9946","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKeown, F. A.","contributorId":106100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKeown","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diehl, S.","contributorId":68368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diehl","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":24217,"text":"ofr94463 - 1994 - Source code and ancillary data files for the MODPATH particles tracking package of the ground-water flow model MODFLOW","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-17T15:22:39","indexId":"ofr94463","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-463","title":"Source code and ancillary data files for the MODPATH particles tracking package of the ground-water flow model MODFLOW","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;Earth Science Information Center [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr94463","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Pollock, D.W., 1994, Source code and ancillary data files for the MODPATH particles tracking package of the ground-water flow model MODFLOW (Version 3, Release 1.): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-463, 2 computer disks ;3 1/2 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94463.","productDescription":"2 computer disks ;3 1/2 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156578,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0463/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53352,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0463/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":277710,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0463/application.zip"}],"edition":"Version 3, Release 1.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e775e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollock, David W. dwpolloc@usgs.gov","contributorId":4248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollock","given":"David","email":"dwpolloc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":191508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":32716,"text":"ofr94615 - 1994 - Landslide susceptibility in the Tully Valley area, Finger Lakes region, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:25","indexId":"ofr94615","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-615","title":"Landslide susceptibility in the Tully Valley area, Finger Lakes region, New York","docAbstract":"As a consequence of a large landslide in the Tully Valley, Onondaga County, New York, an investigation was undertaken to determine the factors responsible for the landslide in order to develop a model for regional landslide susceptibility. The April 27, 1993 Tully Valley landslide occurred within glacial lake clays overlain by till and colluvium on gentle slopes of 9-12 degrees. The landslide was triggered by extreme climatic events of prolonged heavy rainfall combined with rapid melting of a winter snowpack. A photoinventory and field checking of landslides within a 415 km2 study area, including the Tully Valley, revealed small recently-active landslides and other large dormant prehistoric landslides, probably Pleistocene in age. Similar to the larger Tully Valley landslide, the smaller recently-active landslides occurred in red, glacial lake clays very likely triggered by seasonal rainfall. The large dormant landslides have been stable for long periods as evidenced by slope denudational processes that have modified the landslides. These old and ancient landslides correspond with proglacial lake levels during the Pleistocene, suggesting that either inundation or rapid drainage was responsible for triggering these landslides. A logistic regression analysis was performed within a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment to develop a model of landslide susceptibility for the Tully Valley study area. Presence of glacial clays, slope angle, and glacial lake levels were used as explanatory variables for landslide incidence. The spatial probability of landsliding, categorized as low, moderate and high, is portrayed within 90-m square cells on the susceptibility map.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr94615","usgsCitation":"Jager, S., and Wieczorek, G., 1994, Landslide susceptibility in the Tully Valley area, Finger Lakes region, New York (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-615, 1 over-size sheet, scale 1:50,000 (1 inch = about 4,200 feet)., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94615.","productDescription":"1 over-size sheet, scale 1:50,000 (1 inch = about 4,200 feet).","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":164239,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3293,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/ofr-94-0615/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"50000","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ee4b07f02db6aa5bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jager, Stefan","contributorId":86013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jager","given":"Stefan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wieczorek, Gerald E.","contributorId":23191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"Gerald E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70187023,"text":"70187023 - 1994 - Measuring phenological variability from satellite imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-21T16:42:38.130069","indexId":"70187023","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2490,"text":"Journal of Vegetation Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measuring phenological variability from satellite imagery","docAbstract":"<p><span>Vegetation phenological phenomena are closely related to seasonal dynamics of the lower atmosphere and are therefore important elements in global models and vegetation monitoring. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data derived from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) satellite sensor offer a means of efficiently and objectively evaluating phenological characteristics over large areas. Twelve metrics linked to key phenological events were computed based on time-series NDVI data collected from 1989 to 1992 over the conterminous United States. These measures include the onset of greenness, time of peak NDVI, maximum NDVI, rate of greenup, rate of senescence, and integrated NDVI. Measures of central tendency and variability of the measures were computed and analyzed for various land cover types. Results from the analysis showed strong coincidence between the satellite-derived metrics and predicted phenological characteristics. In particular, the metrics identified interannual variability of spring wheat in North Dakota, characterized the phenology of four types of grasslands, and established the phenological consistency of deciduous and coniferous forests. These results have implications for large-area land cover mapping and monitoring. The utility of remotely sensed data as input to vegetation mapping is demonstrated by showing the distinct phenology of several land cover types. More stable information contained in ancillary data should be incorporated into the mapping process, particularly in areas with high phenological variability. In a regional or global monitoring system, an increase in variability in a region may serve as a signal to perform more detailed land cover analysis with higher resolution imagery.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3235884","usgsCitation":"Reed, B.C., Brown, J.F., Vanderzee, D., Loveland, T.R., Merchant, J.W., and Ohlen, D.O., 1994, Measuring phenological variability from satellite imagery: Journal of Vegetation Science, v. 5, no. 5, p. 703-714, https://doi.org/10.2307/3235884.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"703","endPage":"714","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339968,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North 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,{"id":70204715,"text":"70204715 - 1994 - Field and modeling studies of hurricane disturbance on gulf coastal forest ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-09T15:19:02","indexId":"70204715","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-31T14:56:05","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Field and modeling studies of hurricane disturbance on gulf coastal forest ecosystems","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global strategies for environmental issues : NAEP 19th Annual Conference proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"National Association of Environmental Professionals 19th Annual Conference","conferenceDate":"June 12-15, 1994","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA","language":"English","publisher":"National Association of Environmental Professionals","usgsCitation":"Doyle, T.W., 1994, Field and modeling studies of hurricane disturbance on gulf coastal forest ecosystems, <i>in</i> Global strategies for environmental issues : NAEP 19th Annual Conference proceedings, New Orleans, LA, June 12-15, 1994, p. 167-173.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"173","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":366467,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.71337890625,\n              30.334953881988564\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.85620117187499,\n              29.707139348134145\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.251953125,\n              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doylet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5754-0671","contributorId":703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"Thomas","email":"doylet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":768174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70209984,"text":"70209984 - 1994 - Strontium isotope geochemistry of soil and playa deposits near Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-07T19:24:37.272536","indexId":"70209984","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-31T14:18:44","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Strontium isotope geochemistry of soil and playa deposits near Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p><span>The isotopic composition of strontium contained in the carbonate fractions of soils provides an excellent tracer which can be used to test models for their origin. This paper reports data on surface coatings and cements, eolian sediments, playas and alluvial fan soils which help to constrain a model for formation of the extensive calcretes and fault infillings in the Yucca Mountain region. The playas contain carbonate with a wide range of strontium compositions; further work will be required to fully understand their possible contributions to the pedogenic carbonate system. Soils from an alluvial fan to the west of Yucca Mountain show that only small amounts of strontium are derived from a fan draining a carbonate terrane have strontium component. Although much evidence points to an eolian source for at least some of the strontium in the pedogenic carbonates near Yucca Mountain, an additional component or past variation of strontium composition in the eolian source is required to model the pedogenic carbonate system</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"High level radioactive waste management: Proceedings of the fifth annual international conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"International High-Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference","conferenceDate":"May 22-26, 1994","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","usgsCitation":"Marshall, B.D., and Mahan, S.A., 1994, Strontium isotope geochemistry of soil and playa deposits near Yucca Mountain, Nevada, <i>in</i> High level radioactive waste management: Proceedings of the fifth annual international conference, v. 4, Las Vegas, NV, May 22-26, 1994, p. 2685-2691.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2685","endPage":"2691","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374551,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.48254394531249,\n              36.91352904330221\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.43602371215822,\n              36.91352904330221\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.43602371215822,\n              36.95757376878687\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.48254394531249,\n              36.95757376878687\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.48254394531249,\n              36.91352904330221\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marshall, Brian D. 0000-0002-8093-0093 bdmarsha@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8093-0093","contributorId":520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"Brian","email":"bdmarsha@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon A. 0000-0001-5214-7774 smahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":147159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","email":"smahan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70203833,"text":"70203833 - 1994 - American White Pelicans at the Molly Islands, in Yellowstone National Park: Twenty-two years of boom-and-bust breeding, 1966-87","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-14T13:47:31","indexId":"70203833","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-31T13:47:06","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1272,"text":"Colonial Waterbirds","printIssn":"07386028","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"American White Pelicans at the Molly Islands, in Yellowstone National Park: Twenty-two years of boom-and-bust breeding, 1966-87","docAbstract":"<p><span>Systematic monitoring of nesting and fledging of American White Pelicans (<i>Pelecanus erythrorhynchos</i>) breeding on the Molly Islands In Yellowstone Lake was carried on for 20 years between 1966 and 1987. The mean number of pelicans fledged during those years was 214 (±196 SD). In five of those years the number of pelicans fledged was at or near zero. In six other years, the number of young pelicans fledged ranged from 302-650, with four of those years producing record numbers of successfully fledged young. Maximum seasonal levels of Yellowstone Lake reaching 1.6 m or more produced complete or near complete reproductive failures. Conversely, years with maximum lake levels never reaching 1.4 m were most likely to have very good to outstanding fledging success. Also, numbers of days when air temperatures of -8.8° C or colder and daily temperature minimums of -16.6° C, as well as the duration of ice cover on Yellowstone Lake were important modifiers of the numbers of pelicans fledged. Unexpected crustal deformations adjacent to and within the Yellowstone Lake basin induced flooding, representing serious geologic threats to the long-term well being of the Molly Island pelican colony. A baseline breeding population of 546 (± 183 SD) adult pelicans was calculated to have supported this Molly Island colony. Also, the percentage of population change in the computed annual life cycle for 1966-87 was +5%.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.2307/1521291","usgsCitation":"Diem, K.L., and Pugesek, B.H., 1994, American White Pelicans at the Molly Islands, in Yellowstone National Park: Twenty-two years of boom-and-bust breeding, 1966-87: Colonial Waterbirds, v. 17, no. 2, p. 130-145, https://doi.org/10.2307/1521291.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"130","endPage":"145","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":364710,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Molly Islands, Yellowstone Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.27097702026366,\n              44.31193459497029\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.25724411010742,\n              44.31193459497029\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.25724411010742,\n              44.3170933048524\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.27097702026366,\n              44.3170933048524\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.27097702026366,\n              44.31193459497029\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diem, Kenneth L.","contributorId":216252,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Diem","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":764333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pugesek, Bruce H.","contributorId":22668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pugesek","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":764334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70197714,"text":"70197714 - 1994 - Paleozoic ophiolitic assemblages within the southern New England orogen of eastern Australia: Implications for growth of the Gondwana margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-18T14:46:07","indexId":"70197714","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleozoic ophiolitic assemblages within the southern New England orogen of eastern Australia: Implications for growth of the Gondwana margin","docAbstract":"<p>Several ophiolitic assemblages occur in the southern New England orogen. The development of these rocks and their relations to the rest of the orogen have major implications for the tectonic evolution of eastern Gondwana. A major, narrow but elongate belt of Early Cambrian suprasubduction zone ophiolite crops out along and near the PeelManning Fault System and is juxtaposed against younger arc and subduction complex terranes. No pre-Permian links with the rest of the New England orogen have been established for this terrane. It may represent portions of Lachlan Fold Belt basement which underlies younger, westward overthrust New England terranes, and has been diapirically emplaced at higher crustal levels as serpentinite-matrix melange. Middle to Late Devonian ophiolitic rocks in the Yarras Complex comprise basement to the Birpai subterrane and represent a crustal cross section through a rifted island arc. Correlatives of this terrane also occur within the more extensive Gamilaroi terrane to the west of which deeper crustal levels are not exposed. The various components of serpentinite-matrix melange in the Ngamba terrane at Port Macquarie superficially appear to represent a dismembered ophiolite association. However, the various components of the melange exhibit a wide range of ages, metamorphism, and tectonic affinities, rendering a genetically related origin unlikely. This terrane includes fragments of ocean floor accreted into a Late Devonian subduction complex, which was later affected by Early Carboniferous forearc serpentinite diapirism and high Mg series magmatism. Zircon inheritance in Triassic dikes, which intrude the melange attest to the development or later emplacement of this forearc region over an older Lachlan Fold Belt basement. Ultramafic rocks of the Bundjalung terrane in the east of the New England region probably formed at deep levels in an intraoceanic island arc and are intruded by boninitic dikes. The tectonic development of the NEO was significantly more complicated than has been suggested in earlier published models. Periodic accretion of island arc systems, some of which are now represented by suprasubduction zone ophiolites, to the eastern margin of Gondwana suggests multiple phases of subduction with the possibility of polarity reversals throughout the history of accretion. Lateral accretion was not the only means by which Gondwana continental crust grew, and there was considerable postaccretion continentward overthrusting of younger terranes. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93TC03550","usgsCitation":"Aitchinson, J., Blake, M.C., Flood, P., and Jayko, A.S., 1994, Paleozoic ophiolitic assemblages within the southern New England orogen of eastern Australia: Implications for growth of the Gondwana margin: Tectonics, v. 13, no. 5, p. 1135-1149, https://doi.org/10.1029/93TC03550.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1135","endPage":"1149","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355136,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Australia","state":"New South Wales","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              144.84375,\n              -38.89103282648846\n            ],\n            [\n              157.236328125,\n              -38.89103282648846\n            ],\n            [\n              157.236328125,\n              -27.605670826465445\n            ],\n            [\n              144.84375,\n              -27.605670826465445\n            ],\n            [\n              144.84375,\n              -38.89103282648846\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c111318e4b034bf6a813a06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aitchinson, J.C.","contributorId":205710,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aitchinson","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blake, M. Clark Jr.","contributorId":56675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blake","given":"M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Clark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flood, P.G.","contributorId":205711,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flood","given":"P.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jayko, A. S. 0000-0002-7378-0330","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7378-0330","contributorId":18011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jayko","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70196433,"text":"70196433 - 1994 - Glacial processes affecting the stratigraphy of the Antarctic Continental Shelf: Results from modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-06T11:49:09","indexId":"70196433","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3530,"text":"Terra Antarctica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Glacial processes affecting the stratigraphy of the Antarctic Continental Shelf: Results from modeling","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Dipartimento di scienze della terra, Università di Siena","usgsCitation":"ten Brink, U., and Schneider, C., 1994, Glacial processes affecting the stratigraphy of the Antarctic Continental Shelf: Results from modeling: Terra Antarctica, v. 1, no. 2, p. 435-436.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"435","endPage":"436","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353223,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":353222,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.mna.unisi.it/english/Publications/TAP/terranta.html"}],"volume":"1","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff22fee4b0da30c1bfd62b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":732899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schneider, Christopher","contributorId":41504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":732900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70197715,"text":"70197715 - 1994 - Biostratigraphic constraints on formation and timing of accretion in a subduction complex: An example from the Franciscan Complex of Northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-18T15:04:55","indexId":"70197715","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2309,"text":"Journal of Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biostratigraphic constraints on formation and timing of accretion in a subduction complex: An example from the Franciscan Complex of Northern California","docAbstract":"<p><span>The determination of the total age coverage of pelagic bedded chert is particularly important in studies of ancient accretionary complexes because the time span represents the minimum travel time of an oceanic plate before accretion at an island arc or continental margin. The Yolla Bolly terrane of the Franciscan Complex consists of rare metabasalt overlain by bedded radiolarian chert which in turn is overlain by metagraywacke and subordinate slaty mudstone and conglomerate. The bedded chert ranges in age from Aaleian (early Middle Jurassic) to Tithonian (latest Jurassic). A lithologic gradation from pelagic bedded chert through hemipelagic siliceous mudstone occurred during the Tithonian and thus marks the arrival of the oceanic sediments at the continental margin. The Tithonian age also agrees with previously reported Tithonian to Valanginian (Early Cretaceous) fossils in the overlying terrigenous metagraywacke. Both chert and metagraywacke are intruded by gabbroic sills, suggesting off-ridge volcanism, probably in a near-trench environment. Following the intrusive activity, all of the rocks were subducted to depths of 20-30 km, imbricated, and recrystallized to the lower blueschist facies (lawsonite-aragonite ± jadeitic pyroxene). Metamorphic ages, using a variety of isotopic methods, range from 90-105 Ma and thus indicate a long interval (ca. 30-40 Ma) between accretion and subduction. Two possible models include: (1) a long period of storage in an accretionary prism prior to subduction, or (2) accretion and subsequent northward transport.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/629671","usgsCitation":"Isozaki, Y., and Blake, M.C., 1994, Biostratigraphic constraints on formation and timing of accretion in a subduction complex: An example from the Franciscan Complex of Northern California: Journal of Geology, v. 102, no. 3, p. 283-296, https://doi.org/10.1086/629671.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"283","endPage":"296","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355137,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Coast Ranges","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.552001953125,\n              36.27085020723902\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.860595703125,\n              36.27085020723902\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.860595703125,\n              39.410733055084954\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.552001953125,\n              39.410733055084954\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.552001953125,\n              36.27085020723902\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"102","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c111316e4b034bf6a813a02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Isozaki, Y.","contributorId":205712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Isozaki","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blake, M. Clark Jr.","contributorId":56675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blake","given":"M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Clark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70195411,"text":"70195411 - 1994 - A synthesis of post-glacial diatom records from Lake Baikal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-27T13:39:30","indexId":"70195411","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2411,"text":"Journal of Paleolimnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A synthesis of post-glacial diatom records from Lake Baikal","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">The biostratigraphy of fossil diatoms contributes important chronologic, paleolimnologic, and paleoclimatic information from Lake Baikal in southeastern Siberia. Diatoms are the dominant and best preserved microfossils in the sediments, and distinctive assemblages and species provide inter-core correlations throughout the basin at millennial to centennial scales, in both high and low sedimentation-rate environments. Distributions of unique species, once dated by radiocarbon, allow diatoms to be used as dating tools for the Holocene history of the lake.</p><p class=\"Para\">Diatom, pollen, and organic geochemical records from site 305, at the foot of the Selenga Delta, provide a history of paleolimnologic and paleoclimatic changes from the late glacial (15 ka) through the Holocene. Before 14 ka diatoms were very rare, probably because excessive turbidity from glacial meltwater entering the lake impeded productivity. Between 14 and 12 ka, lake productivity increased, perhaps as strong winds promoted deep mixing and nutrient regeneration. Pollen evidence suggests a cold shrub — steppe landscape dominated the central Baikal depression at this time. As summer insolation increased, conifers replaced steppe taxa, but diatom productivity declined between 11 and 9 ka perhaps as a result of increased summer turbidity resulting from violent storm runoff entering the lake via short, steep drainages. After 8 ka, drier, but more continental climates prevailed, and the modern diatom flora of Lake Baikal came to prominence.</p><p class=\"Para\">On Academician Ridge, a site of slow sedimentation rates, Holocene diatom assemblages at the top of 10-m cores reappear at deeper levels suggesting that such cores record at least two previous interglacial (or interstadial?) periods. Nevertheless, distinctive species that developed prior to the last glacial period indicate that the dynamics of nutrient cycling in Baikal and the responsible regional climatic environments were not entirely analogous to Holocene conditions. During glacial periods, the deep basin sediments of Lake Baikal are dominated by rapidly deposited clastics entering from large rivers with possibly glaciated headwaters. On the sublacustrine Academician Ridge (depth = 300 m), however, detailed analysis of the diatom biostratigraphy indicates that diastems (hiatuses of minor duration) and (or) highly variable rates of accumulation complicate paleolimnologic and paleoclimatic reconstructions from these records.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00684034","usgsCitation":"Bradbury, J.P., Bezrukova, E., Chernyaeva, G., Colman, S., Khursevich, G., King, J., and Likoshway, Y.V., 1994, A synthesis of post-glacial diatom records from Lake Baikal: Journal of Paleolimnology, v. 10, no. 3, p. 213-252, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00684034.","productDescription":"40 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"252","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488755,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/gsofacpubs/1763","text":"External Repository"},{"id":351571,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia","otherGeospatial":"Lake Baikal","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              100.546875,\n              50.62507306341435\n            ],\n            [\n              113.203125,\n              50.62507306341435\n            ],\n            [\n              113.203125,\n              57.61010702068388\n            ],\n            [\n              100.546875,\n              57.61010702068388\n            ],\n            [\n              100.546875,\n              50.62507306341435\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff22fee4b0da30c1bfd62f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradbury, J. Platt","contributorId":91106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradbury","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Platt","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bezrukova, E.","contributorId":202301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bezrukova","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chernyaeva, G.","contributorId":202307,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chernyaeva","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Colman, S.M.","contributorId":32851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Khursevich, G.","contributorId":202472,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Khursevich","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"King, J.W.","contributorId":19265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Likoshway, Ye. V.","contributorId":202473,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Likoshway","given":"Ye.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70017181,"text":"70017181 - 1994 - The south pole region of the moon as seen by Clementine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-12T16:49:50.986605","indexId":"70017181","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The south pole region of the moon as seen by Clementine","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\"><div class=\"core-container\"><span>The Clementine mission has provided the first comprehensive set of high-resolution images of the south pole region of the moon. Within 5° of latitude of the pole, an area of an estimated 30,000 square kilometers remained in shadow during a full lunar rotation and is a promising target for future exploration for ice deposits. The Schrödinger Basin (320 kilometers in diameter), centered at 75°S, is one of the two youngest, least modified, great multiring impact basins on the moon. A large maar-type volcano localized along a graben within the Schrödinger Basin probably erupted between 1 and 2 billion years ago.</span></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.266.5192.1851","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Shoemaker, E., Robinson, M., and Eliason, E.M., 1994, The south pole region of the moon as seen by Clementine: Science, v. 266, no. 5192, p. 1851-1854, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.266.5192.1851.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1851","endPage":"1854","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224533,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"266","issue":"5192","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb04ce4b08c986b324d83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shoemaker, E.M.","contributorId":81499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoemaker","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, M.S.","contributorId":34934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eliason, E. M.","contributorId":93113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eliason","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70207171,"text":"70207171 - 1994 - Strain accumulation along the Laguna Salada Fault, Baja California, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-28T13:36:09.468394","indexId":"70207171","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-11T11:15:44","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strain accumulation along the Laguna Salada Fault, Baja California, Mexico","docAbstract":"<p><span>Strain accumulation observed over the 1978–1991 interval in a 30×100 km aperture trilateration network spanning the Laguna Salada fault is described by the principal strain rates 0.101±0.012 strain/yr N80°E±2° and −0.021±0.012 strain/yr N10°W±2°, extension reckoned positive. These strain accumulation rates have been corrected to remove coseismic effects of the nearby 1979 Imperial Valley ( = 6.5), 1980 Victoria (Baja California) ( = 6.4), 1987 Superstition Hills ( = 6.5), and 1987 Elmore Ranch ( = 5.9) earthquakes. The observed strain rates indicate extension at a rate of about 0.08 strain/yr perpendicular to the trend (N35°W) of the Salton trough as well as a right‐lateral tensor shear strain rate 0.05 strain/yr across it. The extension perpendicular to the trough is observed neither farther north near the Salton Sea nor farther south across the Gulf of California. However, Holocene slip on the Laguna Salada fault, about equal parts right‐lateral and normal slip, is consistent with the observed strain accumulation. A simple dislocation model intended to explain the observed strain accumulation as a product of slip at depth on the Laguna Salada fault would require that the fault be listric.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/94JB01471","usgsCitation":"Savage, J.C., Lisowski, M., King, N., and Gross, W., 1994, Strain accumulation along the Laguna Salada Fault, Baja California, Mexico: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 99, no. B9, p. 18109-18116, https://doi.org/10.1029/94JB01471.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"18109","endPage":"18116","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370153,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Laguna Salada trilateration network","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.49902343749999,\n              32.39851580247402\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.33447265625,\n              32.39851580247402\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.33447265625,\n              33.43144133557529\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.49902343749999,\n              33.43144133557529\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.49902343749999,\n              32.39851580247402\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"99","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, James C. 0000-0002-5114-7673 jasavage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":2412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"James","email":"jasavage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lisowski, Michael 0000-0003-4818-2504 mlisowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4818-2504","contributorId":637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisowski","given":"Michael","email":"mlisowski@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"King, N.E.","contributorId":29950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gross, W.K.","contributorId":12624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"W.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70226702,"text":"70226702 - 1994 - Joint investigations of the Middle Pliocene climate I: PRISM paleoenvironmental reconstructions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-06T19:41:50.553987","indexId":"70226702","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-01T13:32:54","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1844,"text":"Global and Planetary Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Joint investigations of the Middle Pliocene climate I: PRISM paleoenvironmental reconstructions","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id10\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id11\"><p>The Pliocene epoch represents an important transition from a climate regime with high-frequency, low-amplitude oscillations when the Northern Hemisphere lacked substantial ice sheets, to the typical high-frequency, high-amplitude Middle to Late Pleistocene regime characterized by glacial—interglacial cycles that involve waxing and waning of major Northern Hemisphere ice sheets. Analysis of middle Pliocene (∼3 Ma) marine and terrestrial records throughout the Northern Hemisphere forms the basis of an integrated synoptic Pliocene paleoclimate reconstruction of the last significantly warmer than present interval in Earth history. This reconstruction, developed primarily from paleontological data, includes middle Pliocene sea level, vegetation, land—ice distribution, sea—ice distribution, and sea-surface temperature (SST), all of which contribute to our conceptual understanding of this climate system. These data indicate middle Pliocene sea level was at least 25 m higher than present, presumably due in large part to a reduction in the size of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. Sea surface temperatures were essentially equivalent to modern temperatures in tropical regions but were significantly warmer at higher latitudes. Due to increased heat flux to high latitudes, both the Arctic and Antarctic appear to have been seasonally ice free during the middle Pliocene with greatly reduced sea ice extent relative to today during winter. Vegetation changes, while more complex, are generally consistent with marine SST changes and show increased warmth and moisture at higher latitudes during the middle Pliocene.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0921-8181(94)90015-9","usgsCitation":"Dowsett, H.J., Thompson, R.S., Barron, J.A., Cronin, T.M., Fleming, F.R., Ishman, S., Poore, R.Z., Willard, D.A., and Holtz, T.R., 1994, Joint investigations of the Middle Pliocene climate I: PRISM paleoenvironmental reconstructions: Global and Planetary Change, v. 9, no. 3-4, p. 169-195, https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-8181(94)90015-9.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"195","costCenters":[{"id":410,"text":"National Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":392507,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Northern Hemisphere","volume":"9","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dowsett, Harry J. 0000-0003-1983-7524 hdowsett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-7524","contributorId":949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowsett","given":"Harry","email":"hdowsett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":827843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Robert S. 0000-0001-9287-2954 rthompson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9287-2954","contributorId":891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Robert","email":"rthompson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":827844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barron, John A. 0000-0002-9309-1145 jbarron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9309-1145","contributorId":2222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barron","given":"John","email":"jbarron@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":827845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cronin, Thomas M. 0000-0002-2643-0979 tcronin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":2579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"Thomas","email":"tcronin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":827846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fleming, Farley R.","contributorId":36577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"Farley","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ishman, Scott","contributorId":49881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ishman","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Poore, Richard Z. rpoore@usgs.gov","contributorId":147454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"Richard","email":"rpoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":827849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Willard, Debra A. 0000-0003-4878-0942 dwillard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4878-0942","contributorId":2076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willard","given":"Debra","email":"dwillard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":24693,"text":"Climate Research and Development","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":827850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Holtz, Thomas R. Jr.","contributorId":72351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holtz","given":"Thomas","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70185710,"text":"70185710 - 1994 - Variability and prediction of freshwater and nitrate fluxes for the Louisiana-Texas shelf: Mississippi and Atchafalaya River source functions ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-28T10:15:11","indexId":"70185710","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variability and prediction of freshwater and nitrate fluxes for the Louisiana-Texas shelf: Mississippi and Atchafalaya River source functions ","docAbstract":"<p><span>Time histories of riverine water discharge, nitrate concentration, and nitrate, flux have been analyzed for the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers. Results indicate that water discharge variability is dominated by the annual cycle and shorter-time-scale episodic events presumably associated with snowmelt runoff and spring or summer rains. Interannual variability in water discharge is relatively small compared to the above. In contrast, nitrate concentration exhibits strongest variability at decadal time scales. The interannual variability is not monotonic but more complicated in structure. Weak covariability between water discharge and nitrate concentration leads to a relatively “noisy” nitrate flux signal. Nitrate flux variations exhibit a low-amplitude, long-term modulation of a dominant annual cycle. Predictor-hindcastor analyses indicate that skilled forecasts of nitrate concentration and nitrate flux fields are feasible. Water discharge was the most reliably hindcast (on seasonal to interannual time scales) due to the fundamental strength of the annual hydrologic cycle. However, the forecasting effort for this variable was less successful than the hindcasting effort, mostly due to a phase shift in the annual cycle during our relatively short test period (18 mo). Nitrate concentration was more skillfully predicted (seasonal to interannual time scales) due to the relative dominance of the decadal-scale portion of the signal. Nitrate flux was also skillfully forecast even though historical analyses seemed to indicate that it should be more difficult to predict than either water discharge or nitrate concentration.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Estuarine Research Federation","doi":"10.2307/1352746","usgsCitation":"Bratkovich, A., Dinnel, S., and Goolsby, D.A., 1994, Variability and prediction of freshwater and nitrate fluxes for the Louisiana-Texas shelf: Mississippi and Atchafalaya River source functions : Estuaries, v. 17, no. 4, p. 766-778, https://doi.org/10.2307/1352746.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"766","endPage":"778","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338446,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58db7636e4b0ee37af29e4cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bratkovich, A.","contributorId":189926,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bratkovich","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dinnel, S.P.","contributorId":189927,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dinnel","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goolsby, D. A.","contributorId":50508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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