In Southeast Asia, swamp eels (Synbranchidae: Monopterus spp.) are a common source of human gnathostomiasis, a foodborne zoonosis caused by advanced third-stage larvae (AL3) of Gnathostoma spp. nematodes. Live Asian swamp eels are imported to US ethnic food markets, and wild populations exist in several states. To determine whether these eels are infected, we examined 47 eels from markets and 67 wild-caught specimens. Nematodes were identified by morphologic features and ribosomal intergenic transcribed spacer–2 gene sequencing. Thirteen (27.7%) M. cuchia eels from markets were infected with 36 live G. spinigerum AL3: 21 (58.3%) in liver; 7 (19.4%) in muscle; 5 (13.8%) in gastrointestinal tract, and 3 (8.3%) in kidneys. Three (4.5%) wild-caught M. albus eels were infected with 5 G. turgidum AL3 in muscle, and 1 G. lamothei AL3 was found in a kidney (both North American spp.). Imported live eels are a potential source of human gnathostomiasis in the United States.
","language":"English","publisher":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","publisherLocation":"Atlanta, GA","doi":"10.3201/eid2004.131566","usgsCitation":"Cole, R.A., Choudhury, A., Nico, L.G., and Griffin, K.M., 2014, Gnathostoma spinigerum in live Asian swamp eels (Monopterus spp.) from food markets and wild populations, United States: Emerging Infectious Diseases, v. 20, no. 4, p. 634-642, https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2004.131566.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"634","endPage":"642","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051889","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473108,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2004.131566","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":283995,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":283994,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2004.131566"}],"volume":"20","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517043e4b05569d805a234","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, Rebecca A. 0000-0003-2923-1622 rcole@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2923-1622","contributorId":2873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Rebecca","email":"rcole@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Choudhury, Anindo 0000-0001-7553-4179","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7553-4179","contributorId":82268,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Choudhury","given":"Anindo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nico, Leo G. 0000-0002-4488-7737 lnico@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4488-7737","contributorId":2913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nico","given":"Leo","email":"lnico@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":491502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Griffin, Kathryn M. 0000-0003-1809-0019 kgriffin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1809-0019","contributorId":5473,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Griffin","given":"Kathryn","email":"kgriffin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70093931,"text":"ofr20141018 - 2014 - Sea-floor geology in northwestern Block Island Sound, Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-10T18:30:05","indexId":"ofr20141018","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-14T07:22:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1018","title":"Sea-floor geology in northwestern Block Island Sound, Rhode Island","docAbstract":"Multibeam-echosounder and sidescan-sonar data, collected by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in a 69-square-kilometer area of northwestern Block Island Sound, are used with sediment samples, and still and video photography of the sea floor, collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at 43 stations within this area, to interpret the sea-floor features and sedimentary environments. Features on the sea floor include boulders, sand waves, scour depressions, modern marine sediments, and trawl marks. Boulders, which are often several meters wide, are found in patches in the shallower depths and tend to be overgrown with sessile flora and fauna. They are lag deposits of winnowed glacial drift, and reflect high-energy environments characterized by processes associated with erosion and nondeposition. Sand waves and megaripples tend to have crests that either trend parallel to shore with 20- to 50-meter (m) wavelengths or trend perpendicular to shore with several-hundred-meter wavelengths. The sand waves reflect sediment transport directions perpendicular to shore by waves, and parallel to shore by tidal or wind-driven currents, respectively. Scour depressions, which are about 0.5 m lower than the surrounding sea floor, have floors of gravel and coarser sand than bounding modern marine sediments. These scour depressions, which are conspicuous in the sidescan-sonar data because of their more highly reflective coarser sediment floors, are likely formed by storm-generated, seaward-flowing currents and maintained by the turbulence in bottom currents caused by their coarse sediments. Areas of the sea floor with modern marine sediments tend to be relatively flat to current-rippled and sandy.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141018","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","usgsCitation":"McMullen, K.Y., Poppe, L., Ackerman, S.D., Blackwood, D.S., and Woods, D., 2014, Sea-floor geology in northwestern Block Island Sound, Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1018, HTML Index, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141018.","productDescription":"HTML Index","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049305","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":283993,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141018.jpg"},{"id":283991,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1018/title_page.html"},{"id":283992,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1018/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"Block Island Sound","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.666667,41.333333 ], [ -71.666667,41.666667 ], [ -71.0,41.666667 ], [ -71.0,41.333333 ], [ -71.666667,41.333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd719ce4b0b29085107c85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMullen, Katherine Y. kmcmullen@usgs.gov","contributorId":24036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMullen","given":"Katherine","email":"kmcmullen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poppe, Lawrence J. lpoppe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"Lawrence J.","email":"lpoppe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":490353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ackerman, Seth D. 0000-0003-0945-2794 sackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0945-2794","contributorId":178676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Seth","email":"sackerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":490356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blackwood, Dann S. dblackwood@usgs.gov","contributorId":2457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackwood","given":"Dann","email":"dblackwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Woods, D.A.","contributorId":11941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woods","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70093921,"text":"ofr20141012 - 2014 - Combined multibeam and bathymetry data from Rhode Island Sound and Block Island Sound: a regional perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-18T08:32:20","indexId":"ofr20141012","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-14T07:03:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1012","title":"Combined multibeam and bathymetry data from Rhode Island Sound and Block Island Sound: a regional perspective","docAbstract":"Detailed bathymetric maps of the sea floor in Rhode Island and Block Island Sounds are of great interest to the New York, Rhode Island, and Massachusetts research and management communities because of this area's ecological, recreational, and commercial importance. Geologically interpreted digital terrain models from individual surveys provide important benthic environmental information, yet many applications of this information require a geographically broader perspective. For example, individual surveys are of limited use for the planning and construction of cross-sound infrastructure, such as cables and pipelines, or for the testing of regional circulation models. To address this need, we integrated 14 contiguous multibeam bathymetric datasets that were produced by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration during charting operations into one digital terrain model that covers much of Block Island Sound and extends eastward across Rhode Island Sound. The new dataset, which covers over 1244 square kilometers, is adjusted to mean lower low water, gridded to 4-meter resolution, and provided in Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 19, North American Datum of 1983 and geographic World Geodetic Survey of 1984 projections. This resolution is adequate for sea-floor feature and process interpretation but is small enough to be queried and manipulated with standard Geographic Information System programs and to allow for future growth. Natural features visible in the data include boulder lag deposits of winnowed Pleistocene strata, sand-wave fields, and scour depressions that reflect the strength of oscillating tidal currents and scour by storm-induced waves. Bedform asymmetry allows interpretations of net sediment transport. Anthropogenic features visible in the data include shipwrecks and dredged channels. Together the merged data reveal a larger, more continuous perspective of bathymetric topography than previously available, providing a fundamental framework for research and resource management activities offshore of Rhode Island.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141012","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","usgsCitation":"Poppe, L., McMullen, K.Y., Danforth, W.W., Blankenship, M.R., Clos, A.R., Glomb, K.A., Lewit, P.G., Nadeau, M.A., Wood, D.A., and Parker, C.E., 2014, Combined multibeam and bathymetry data from Rhode Island Sound and Block Island Sound: a regional perspective: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1012, HTML Index, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141012.","productDescription":"HTML Index","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051771","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":283988,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1012/title_page.html"},{"id":283990,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141012.jpg"},{"id":283989,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1012/"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 19","datum":"NAD 83","country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"Block Island Sound;Rhode Island Sound","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72.0,41.083333 ], [ -72.0,41.416667 ], [ -71.0,41.416667 ], [ -71.0,41.083333 ], [ -72.0,41.083333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd51dae4b0b290850f4286","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poppe, Lawrence J. lpoppe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"Lawrence J.","email":"lpoppe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":490305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McMullen, Katherine Y. kmcmullen@usgs.gov","contributorId":24036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMullen","given":"Katherine","email":"kmcmullen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Danforth, William W. 0000-0002-6382-9487 bdanforth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6382-9487","contributorId":3292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danforth","given":"William","email":"bdanforth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blankenship, Mark R.","contributorId":43270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blankenship","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clos, Andrew R.","contributorId":101987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clos","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Glomb, Kimberly A.","contributorId":70283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glomb","given":"Kimberly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lewit, Peter G.","contributorId":69885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewit","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Nadeau, Megan A.","contributorId":32450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nadeau","given":"Megan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wood, Douglas A.","contributorId":23415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Parker, Castleton E.","contributorId":41334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"Castleton","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70094537,"text":"sir20145033 - 2014 - Quantifying benthic nitrogen fluxes in Puget Sound, Washington: a review of available data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-13T18:20:41","indexId":"sir20145033","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-13T18:14:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5033","title":"Quantifying benthic nitrogen fluxes in Puget Sound, Washington: a review of available data","docAbstract":"Understanding benthic fluxes is important for understanding the fate of materials that settle to the Puget Sound, Washington, seafloor, as well as the impact these fluxes have on the chemical composition and biogeochemical cycles of marine waters. Existing approaches used to measure benthic nitrogen flux in Puget Sound and elsewhere were reviewed and summarized, and factors for considering each approach were evaluated. Factors for selecting an appropriate approach for gathering information about benthic flux include: availability of resources, objectives of projects, and determination of which processes each approach measures. An extensive search of literature was undertaken to summarize known benthic nitrogen fluxes in Puget Sound. A total of 138 individual flux chamber measurements and 38 sets of diffusive fluxes were compiled for this study. Of the diffusive fluxes, 35 new datasets were located, and new flux calculations are presented in this report. About 65 new diffusive flux calculations are provided across all nitrogen species (nitrate, NO3-; nitrite, NO2-; ammonium, NH4+). Data analysis of this newly compiled benthic flux dataset showed that fluxes beneath deep (greater than 50 meters) water tended to be lower than those beneath shallow (less than 50 meters) water. Additionally, variability in flux at the shallow depths was greater, possibly indicating a more dynamic interaction between the benthic and pelagic environments. The overall range of bottom temperatures from studies in the Puget Sound area were small (5–16 degrees Celsius), and only NH4+ flux showed any pattern with temperature. For NH4+, flux values and variability increased at greater than about 12 degrees Celsius. Collection of additional study site metadata about environmental factors (bottom temperature, depth, sediment porosity, sediment type, and sediment organic matter) will help with development of a broader regional understanding benthic nitrogen flux in the Puget Sound.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145033","issn":"2328-0328","usgsCitation":"Sheibley, R.W., and Paulson, A.J., 2014, Quantifying benthic nitrogen fluxes in Puget Sound, Washington: a review of available data: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5033, vi, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145033.","productDescription":"vi, 44 p.","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051197","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":283987,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145033.jpg"},{"id":283985,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5033"},{"id":283986,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5033/pdf/sir20145033.pdf"}],"scale":"500000","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic Projection State Plane Washington South","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.5,47.0 ], [ -123.5,48.0 ], [ -122.0,48.0 ], [ -122.0,47.0 ], [ -123.5,47.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6ec4e4b0b29085105fc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sheibley, Richard W. 0000-0003-1627-8536 sheibley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1627-8536","contributorId":87452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheibley","given":"Richard","email":"sheibley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":490672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paulson, Anthony J. 0000-0002-2358-8834 apaulson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2358-8834","contributorId":5236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paulson","given":"Anthony","email":"apaulson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":490671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70093879,"text":"fs20143010 - 2014 - A framework for assessing water and proppant use and flowback water extraction associated with development of continuous petroleum resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-14T11:10:06","indexId":"fs20143010","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-13T16:43:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3010","title":"A framework for assessing water and proppant use and flowback water extraction associated with development of continuous petroleum resources","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey is developing approaches for the quantitative assessment of water and proppant involved with possible future production of continuous petroleum deposits. The assessment approach is an extension of existing U.S. Geological Survey petroleum-assessment methods, and it aims to provide objective information that helps decision makers understand the tradeoffs inherent in resource-development decisions. This fact sheet provides an overview of U.S. Geological Survey assessments for quantities of water and proppant required for drilling and hydraulic fracturing and for flowback water extracted with petroleum; the report also presents the form of the intended assessment output information.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143010","issn":"2327-6932","usgsCitation":"Haines, S.S., Cook, T., Thamke, J., Davis, K.W., Long, A.J., Healy, R.W., Hawkins, S.J., and Engle, M.A., 2014, A framework for assessing water and proppant use and flowback water extraction associated with development of continuous petroleum resources: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3010, Report: 5 p.; Printed version, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143010.","productDescription":"Report: 5 p.; Printed version","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051899","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":283983,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143010.jpg"},{"id":283980,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3010/"},{"id":283981,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3010/pdf/fs2014-3010.pdf"},{"id":283982,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3010/pdf/fs2014-3010print.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd49d5e4b0b290850ef68d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haines, Seth S. 0000-0003-2611-8165 shaines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-8165","contributorId":1344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"Seth","email":"shaines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cook, Troy","contributorId":6418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"Troy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thamke, Joanna N. 0000-0002-6917-1946 jothamke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6917-1946","contributorId":1012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thamke","given":"Joanna N.","email":"jothamke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, Kyle W. 0000-0002-8723-0110 kyledavis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8723-0110","contributorId":3987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Kyle","email":"kyledavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Long, Andrew J. 0000-0001-7385-8081 ajlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7385-8081","contributorId":989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Andrew","email":"ajlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Healy, Richard W. 0000-0002-0224-1858 rwhealy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0224-1858","contributorId":658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"Richard","email":"rwhealy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hawkins, Sarah J. 0000-0002-1878-9121 shawkins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1878-9121","contributorId":4818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawkins","given":"Sarah","email":"shawkins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Engle, Mark A. 0000-0001-5258-7374 engle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-7374","contributorId":584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"Mark","email":"engle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70215049,"text":"70215049 - 2014 - Spatial variability in survival of adult brook trout within two intensively surveyed headwater stream networks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-06T20:37:31.726375","indexId":"70215049","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-13T14:25:29","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6455,"text":"Canadian Journal Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial variability in survival of adult brook trout within two intensively surveyed headwater stream networks","docAbstract":"Headwater stream networks are considered heterogeneous riverscapes, but it is challenging to characterize spatial variability in demographic rates. We estimated site-scale (50 m) survival of adult (>age 1+) brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) within two intensively surveyed headwater stream networks by applying an open-population N-mixture approach to count data collected over two consecutive summers. The estimated annual apparent survival rate was 0.37 (95% CI: 0.28–0.46) in one network and 0.31 (95% CI: 0.15–0.45) in the other network. In both networks, trout survival was higher in stream sites characterized by more abundant pool habitats. Trout survival was negatively associated with mean depth in one network and positively associated with stream gradient in the other. Stream temperature was not related to trout survival in either network, possibly because the majority of sites were thermally suitable. A similar analytical approach can be useful for inferring survival rates when count data are available over space and time but individual tagging is not feasible.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2013-0358","usgsCitation":"Kanno, Y., Letcher, B., Vokoun, J.C., and Zipkin, E., 2014, Spatial variability in survival of adult brook trout within two intensively surveyed headwater stream networks: Canadian Journal Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 71, no. 7, p. 1010-1019, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2013-0358.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1010","endPage":"1019","ipdsId":"IP-052668","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":379105,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","otherGeospatial":"Kent Falls Brook, Jefferson Hill-Spruce 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\"}}]}","volume":"71","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kanno, Yoichiro","contributorId":210653,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kanno","given":"Yoichiro","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":800632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Letcher, Benjamin 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":242666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"Benjamin","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":800633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vokoun, Jason C.","contributorId":173912,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vokoun","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":800634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zipkin, Elise 0000-0003-4155-6139 ezipkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4155-6139","contributorId":242667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zipkin","given":"Elise","email":"ezipkin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":800635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70094383,"text":"ds828 - 2014 - Spatial mapping and attribution of Wyoming wind turbines, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-13T13:00:15","indexId":"ds828","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-13T12:48:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"828","title":"Spatial mapping and attribution of Wyoming wind turbines, 2012","docAbstract":"These data represent locations of wind turbines found within Wyoming as of August 2012. We assigned each wind turbine to a wind farm and, in these data, provide information about each turbine’s potential megawatt output, rotor diameter, hub height, rotor height, the status of the land ownership where the turbine exists, the county each turbine is located in, wind farm power capacity, the number of units currently associated with each wind farm, the wind turbine manufacturer and model, the wind farm developer, the owner of the wind farm, the current purchaser of power from the wind farm, the year the wind farm went online, and the status of its operation. Some of the attributes are estimates based on the information we found via the American Wind Energy Association and other on-line reports. The locations are derived from National Agriculture Imagery Program (2009 and 2012) true color aerial photographs and have a positional accuracy of approximately +/-5 meters.
\nThese data will provide a planning tool for wildlife- and habitat-related projects underway at the U.S. Geological Survey’s Fort Collins Science Center and other government and non-government organizations. Specifically, we will use these data to support quantifying disturbances of the landscape as related to wind energy as well as to quantify indirect disturbances to flora and fauna. This data set represents an update to a previous version by O’Donnell and Fancher (2010).
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Apatite fission-track and zircon and apatite (U-Th)/He data from the Oligocene–Miocene Kailas Formation, within the India-Asia collision zone, show a synchronous cooling signal at 17 ± 1 Ma, which is younger than the ca. 26–21 Ma depositional age of the Kailas Formation, constrained by U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology, and requires heating (burial) after ca. 21 Ma and subsequent rapid exhumation. Data from the Gangdese batholith underlying the Kailas Formation also indicate Miocene exhumation. The thermal history of the Kailas Formation is consistent with rapid subsidence during a short-lived phase of early Miocene extension followed by uplift and exhumation driven by rollback and northward underthrusting of the Indian plate, respectively. Significant removal of material from the India-Asia collision zone was likely facilitated by efficient incision of the paleo–Indus River and paleo–Yarlung River in response to drainage reorganization and/or intensification of the Asian monsoon.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/G35350.1","usgsCitation":"Carrapa, B., Orme, D., DeCelles, P.G., Kapp, P., Cosca, M.A., and Waldrip, R., 2014, Miocene burial and exhumation of the India-Asia collision zone in southern Tibet: response to slab dynamics and erosion: Geology, https://doi.org/10.1130/G35350.1.","ipdsId":"IP-054968","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286189,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286184,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G35350.1"}],"country":"China","state":"Tibet","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 78.4,26.85 ], [ 78.4,36.48 ], [ 99.12,36.48 ], [ 99.12,26.85 ], [ 78.4,26.85 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517055e4b05569d805a331","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carrapa, Barbara","contributorId":9958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carrapa","given":"Barbara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orme, D.A.","contributorId":67008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orme","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeCelles, Peter G.","contributorId":16318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeCelles","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kapp, Paul","contributorId":79402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kapp","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cosca, Michael A. 0000-0002-0600-7663 mcosca@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0600-7663","contributorId":1000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosca","given":"Michael","email":"mcosca@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Waldrip, R.","contributorId":104399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldrip","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70094917,"text":"fs20143014 - 2014 - The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T15:49:05","indexId":"fs20143014","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-12T11:49:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3014","title":"The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Oregon","docAbstract":"Elevation data are essential to a broad range of business uses, including forest resources management, wildlife and habitat management, national security, recreation, and many others. 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\nThe National Enhanced Elevation Assessment evaluated multiple elevation data acquisition options to determine the optimal data quality and data replacement cycle relative to cost to meet the identified requirements of the user community. The evaluation demonstrated that lidar acquisition at quality level 2 for the conterminous United States and quality level 5 ifsar data for Alaska with a 6- to 10-year acquisition cycle provided the highest benefit/cost ratios. The 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) initiative selected an 8-year acquisition cycle for the respective quality levels. 3DEP, managed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Office of Management and Budget Circular A–16 lead agency for terrestrial elevation data, responds to the growing need for high-quality topographic data and a wide range of other 3D representations of the Nation’s natural and constructed features.
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William J. Jr. carswell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"William J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"carswell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":490947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70094916,"text":"fs20143012 - 2014 - The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T15:50:18","indexId":"fs20143012","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-12T11:36:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3012","title":"The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Kentucky","docAbstract":"Elevation data are essential to a broad range of applications, including forest resources management, wildlife and habitat management, national security, recreation, and many others. For the Commonwealth of Kentucky, elevation data are critical for agriculture and precision farming, natural resources conservation, flood risk management, infrastructure and construction management, forest resources management, geologic resource assessment and hazards mitigation, and other business uses. Today, high-density light detection and ranging (lidar) data are the primary sources for deriving elevation models and other datasets. Federal, State, Tribal, and local agencies work in partnership to (1) replace data that are older and of lower quality and (2) provide coverage where publicly accessible data do not exist. A joint goal of State and Federal partners is to acquire consistent, statewide coverage to support existing and emerging applications enabled by lidar data. “Kentucky from Above,” the Kentucky Aerial Photography and Elevation Data Program (http://kygeonet.ky.gov/kyfromabove/), provides statewide lidar coordination with local, Commonwealth, and national groups in support of 3DEP for the Commonwealth.
\nThe National Enhanced Elevation Assessment evaluated multiple elevation data acquisition options to determine the optimal data quality and data replacement cycle relative to cost to meet the identified requirements of the user community. The evaluation demonstrated that lidar acquisition at quality level 2 for the conterminous United States and quality level 5 ifsar data for Alaska with a 6- to 10-year acquisition cycle provided the highest benefit/cost ratios. The 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) initiative selected an 8-year acquisition cycle for the respective quality levels. 3DEP, managed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Office of Management and Budget Circular A–16 lead agency for terrestrial elevation data, responds to the growing need for high-quality topographic data and a wide range of other 3D representations of the Nation’s natural and constructed features.
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Jr. carswell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"William J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"carswell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":490946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70094155,"text":"fs20143008 - 2014 - The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T15:51:26","indexId":"fs20143008","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-12T11:29:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3008","title":"The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Tennessee","docAbstract":"Elevation data are essential to a broad range of applications, including forest resources management, wildlife and habitat management, national security, recreation, and many others. For the State of Tennessee, elevation data are critical for agriculture and precision farming, flood risk management, natural resources conservation, infrastructure and construction management, forest resources management, aviation navigation and safety, and other business uses. Today, high-density light detection and ranging (lidar) data are the primary sources for deriving elevation models and other datasets. Federal, State, Tribal, and local agencies work in partnership to (1) replace data that are older and of lower quality and (2) provide coverage where publicly accessible data do not exist. A joint goal of State and Federal partners is to acquire consistent, statewide coverage to support existing and emerging applications enabled by lidar data.
\nThe National Enhanced Elevation Assessment evaluated multiple elevation data acquisition options to determine the optimal data quality and data replacement cycle relative to cost to meet the identified requirements of the user community. The evaluation demonstrated that lidar acquisition at quality level 2 for the conterminous United States and quality level 5 ifsar data for Alaska with a 6- to 10-year acquisition cycle provided the highest benefit/cost ratios. The 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) initiative selected an 8-year acquisition cycle for the respective quality levels. 3DEP, managed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Office of Management and Budget Circular A–16 lead agency for terrestrial elevation data, responds to the growing need for high-quality topographic data and a wide range of other 3D representations of the Nation’s natural and constructed features.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143008","usgsCitation":"Carswell, W., 2014, The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3008, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143008.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052819","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":283879,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143008.jpg"},{"id":283878,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3008/pdf/fs2014-3008.pdf","text":"Report","size":"314 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":283877,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3008/"}],"country":"United 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Jr. carswell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"William J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"carswell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":490476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70095719,"text":"70095719 - 2014 - Ecological feedbacks can reduce population-level efficacy of wildlife fertility control","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-11T13:39:10","indexId":"70095719","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-11T13:32:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecological feedbacks can reduce population-level efficacy of wildlife fertility control","docAbstract":"1. Anthropogenic stress on natural systems, particularly the fragmentation of landscapes and the extirpation of predators from food webs, has intensified the need to regulate abundance of wildlife populations with management. Controlling population growth using fertility control has been considered for almost four decades, but nearly all research has focused on understanding effects of fertility control agents on individual animals. Questions about the efficacy of fertility control as a way to control populations remain largely unanswered.
\n2. Collateral consequences of contraception can produce unexpected changes in birth rates, survival, immigration and emigration that may reduce the effectiveness of regulating animal abundance. The magnitude and frequency of such effects vary with species-specific social and reproductive systems, as well as connectivity of populations. Developing models that incorporate static demographic parameters from populations not controlled by contraception may bias predictions of fertility control efficacy.
\n3. Many population-level studies demonstrate that changes in survival and immigration induced by fertility control can compensate for the reduction in births caused by contraception. The most successful cases of regulating populations using fertility control come from applications of contraceptives to small, closed populations of gregarious and easily accessed species.
\n4. Fertility control can result in artificial selection pressures on the population and may lead to long-term unintentional genetic consequences. The magnitude of such selection is dependent on individual heritability and behavioural traits, as well as environmental variation.
\n5. Synthesis and applications. Understanding species' life-history strategies, biology, behavioural ecology and ecological context is critical to developing realistic expectations of regulating populations using fertility control. Before time, effort and funding are invested in wildlife contraception, managers may need to consider the possibility that many species and populations can compensate for reduction in fecundity, and this could minimize any reduction in population growth rate.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Scientific Publications","publisherLocation":"Oxford","doi":"10.1111/1365-2664.12166","usgsCitation":"Ransom, J.I., Powers, J.G., Hobbs, N., and Baker, D.L., 2014, Ecological feedbacks can reduce population-level efficacy of wildlife fertility control: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 51, no. 1, p. 259-269, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12166.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"259","endPage":"269","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-050888","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473109,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12166","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":283839,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12166"},{"id":283840,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-10-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517035e4b05569d805a1d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ransom, Jason I. 0000-0002-5930-4004","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5930-4004","contributorId":71645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ransom","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powers, Jenny G.","contributorId":10710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powers","given":"Jenny","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hobbs, N. Thompson","contributorId":35031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hobbs","given":"N. Thompson","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baker, Dan L.","contributorId":7995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Dan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70095606,"text":"70095606 - 2014 - Diffuse migratory connectivity in two species of shrubland birds: evidence from stable isotopes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-11T13:25:14","indexId":"70095606","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-11T13:18:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diffuse migratory connectivity in two species of shrubland birds: evidence from stable isotopes","docAbstract":"Connecting seasonal ranges of migratory birds is important for understanding the annual template of stressors that influence their populations. Brewer’s sparrows (Spizella breweri) and sagebrush sparrows (Artemisiospiza nevadensis) share similar sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) habitats for breeding but have different population trends that might be related to winter location. To link breeding and winter ranges, we created isoscapes of deuterium [stable isotope ratio (δ) of deuterium; δ2H] and nitrogen (δ15N) for each species modeled from isotope ratios measured in feathers of 264 Brewer’s and 82 sagebrush sparrows and environmental characteristics at capture locations across their breeding range. We then used feather δ2Hf and δ15Nf measured in 1,029 Brewer’s and 527 sagebrush sparrows captured on winter locations in southwestern United States to assign probable breeding ranges. Intraspecies population mixing from across the breeding range was strong for both Brewer’s and sagebrush sparrows on winter ranges. Brewer’s sparrows but not sagebrush sparrows were linked to more northerly breeding locations in the eastern part of their winter range. Winter location was not related to breeding population trends estimated from US Geological Survey Breeding Bird Survey routes for either Brewer’s or sagebrush sparrows. Primary drivers of population dynamics are likely independent for each species; Brewer’s and sagebrush sparrows captured at the same winter location did not share predicted breeding locations or population trends. The diffuse migratory connectivity displayed by Brewer’s and sagebrush sparrows measured at the coarse spatial resolution in our analysis also suggests that local environments rather than broad regional characteristics are primary drivers of annual population trends.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oecologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","doi":"10.1007/s00442-013-2791-8","usgsCitation":"Knick, S.T., Leu, M., Rotenberry, J.T., Hanser, S.E., and Fesenmyer, K., 2014, Diffuse migratory connectivity in two species of shrubland birds: evidence from stable isotopes: Oecologia, v. 174, no. 2, p. 595-608, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-013-2791-8.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"595","endPage":"608","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-043572","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473110,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5xv473nm","text":"External Repository"},{"id":283838,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":283432,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-013-2791-8"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125.73,30.86 ], [ -125.73,53.38 ], [ -100.2,53.38 ], [ -100.2,30.86 ], [ -125.73,30.86 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"174","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-10-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517033e4b05569d805a1bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knick, Steven T. 0000-0003-4025-1704 steve_knick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4025-1704","contributorId":159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knick","given":"Steven","email":"steve_knick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leu, Matthias","contributorId":68393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leu","given":"Matthias","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rotenberry, John T.","contributorId":60121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rotenberry","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hanser, Steven E.","contributorId":99273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanser","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fesenmyer, Kurt","contributorId":105640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fesenmyer","given":"Kurt","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70095555,"text":"70095555 - 2014 - Detection limits and cost comparisons of human- and gull-associated conventional and quantitative PCR assays in artificial and environmental waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-11T13:15:17","indexId":"70095555","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-11T13:12:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2258,"text":"Journal of Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detection limits and cost comparisons of human- and gull-associated conventional and quantitative PCR assays in artificial and environmental waters","docAbstract":"Some molecular methods for tracking fecal pollution in environmental waters have both PCR and quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays available for use. To assist managers in deciding whether to implement newer qPCR techniques in routine monitoring programs, we compared detection limits (LODs) and costs of PCR and qPCR assays with identical targets that are relevant to beach water quality assessment. For human-associated assays targeting Bacteroidales HF183 genetic marker, qPCR LODs were 70 times lower and there was no effect of target matrix (artificial freshwater, environmental creek water, and environmental marine water) on PCR or qPCR LODs. The PCR startup and annual costs were the lowest, while the per reaction cost was 62% lower than the Taqman based qPCR and 180% higher than the SYBR based qPCR. For gull-associated assays, there was no significant difference between PCR and qPCR LODs, target matrix did not effect PCR or qPCR LODs, and PCR startup, annual, and per reaction costs were lower. Upgrading to qPCR involves greater startup and annual costs, but this increase may be justified in the case of the human-associated assays with lower detection limits and reduced cost per sample.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.01.029","usgsCitation":"Riedel, T.E., Zimmer-Faust, A.G., Thulsiraj, V., Madi, T., Hanley, K.T., Ebentier, D.L., Byappanahalli, M., Layton, B., Raith, M., Boehm, A., Griffith, J.F., Holden, P.A., Shanks, O.C., Weisberg, S., and Jay, J.A., 2014, Detection limits and cost comparisons of human- and gull-associated conventional and quantitative PCR assays in artificial and environmental waters: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 136, p. 112-120, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.01.029.","productDescription":"9 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L.","contributorId":13524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebentier","given":"Darcy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N.","contributorId":47335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byappanahalli","given":"Muruleedhara N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Layton, Blythe","contributorId":14724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Layton","given":"Blythe","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Raith, Meredith","contributorId":32443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raith","given":"Meredith","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Boehm, Alexandria B.","contributorId":51616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boehm","given":"Alexandria B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Griffith, John F.","contributorId":41325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffith","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Holden, Patricia A.","contributorId":56090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holden","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Shanks, Orin C.","contributorId":51643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"Orin","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Weisberg, Stephen 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international reference materials for isotope-ratio analysis (IUPAC Technical Report)","docAbstract":"Since the early 1950s, the number of international measurement standards for anchoring stable isotope delta scales has mushroomed from 3 to more than 30, expanding to more than 25 chemical elements. With the development of new instrumentation, along with new and improved measurement procedures for studying naturally occurring isotopic abundance variations in natural and technical samples, the number of internationally distributed, secondary isotopic reference materials with a specified delta value has blossomed in the last six decades to more than 150 materials. More than half of these isotopic reference materials were produced for isotope-delta measurements of seven elements: H, Li, B, C, N, O, and S. The number of isotopic reference materials for other, heavier elements has grown considerably over the last decade. Nevertheless, even primary international measurement standards for isotope-delta measurements are still needed for some elements, including Mg, Fe, Te, Sb, Mo, and Ge. It is recommended that authors publish the delta values of internationally distributed, secondary isotopic reference materials that were used for anchoring their measurement results to the respective primary stable isotope scale.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"De Gruyter","doi":"10.1515/pac-2013-1023","usgsCitation":"Brand, W., Coplen, T.B., Vogl, J., Rosner, M., and Prohaska, T., 2014, Assessment of international reference materials for isotope-ratio analysis (IUPAC Technical Report): Pure and Applied Chemistry, v. 86, no. 3, p. 425-467, https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2013-1023.","productDescription":"43 p.","startPage":"425","endPage":"467","numberOfPages":"43","ipdsId":"IP-051430","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473112,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2013-1023","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":284050,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":283647,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2013-1023"}],"volume":"86","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517025e4b05569d805a168","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brand, Willi A.","contributorId":38866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brand","given":"Willi A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vogl, Jochen","contributorId":28526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogl","given":"Jochen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rosner, Martin","contributorId":56359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosner","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Prohaska, Thomas","contributorId":101170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prohaska","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70095788,"text":"70095788 - 2014 - Applying downscaled global climate model data to a hydrodynamic surface-water and groundwater model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-11T12:58:56","indexId":"70095788","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-11T12:53:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":725,"text":"American Journal of Climate Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Applying downscaled global climate model data to a hydrodynamic surface-water and groundwater model","docAbstract":"Precipitation data from Global Climate Models have been downscaled to smaller regions. Adapting this downscaled precipitation data to a coupled hydrodynamic surface-water/groundwater model of southern Florida allows an examination of future conditions and their effect on groundwater levels, inundation patterns, surface-water stage and flows, and salinity. The downscaled rainfall data include the 1996-2001 time series from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting ERA-40 simulation and both the 1996-1999 and 2038-2057 time series from two global climate models: the Community Climate System Model (CCSM) and the Geophysical Fluid Dynamic Laboratory (GFDL). Synthesized surface-water inflow datasets were developed for the 2038-2057 simulations. The resulting hydrologic simulations, with and without a 30-cm sea-level rise, were compared with each other and field data to analyze a range of projected conditions. Simulations predicted generally higher future stage and groundwater levels and surface-water flows, with sea-level rise inducing higher coastal salinities. A coincident rise in sea level, precipitation and surface-water flows resulted in a narrower inland saline/fresh transition zone. The inland areas were affected more by the rainfall difference than the sea-level rise, and the rainfall differences make little difference in coastal inundation, but a larger difference in coastal salinities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Journal of Climate Change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Scientific Research Publishing Inc.","publisherLocation":"Irvine, CA","doi":"10.4236/ajcc.2014.31004","usgsCitation":"Swain, E., Stefanova, L., and Smith, T., 2014, Applying downscaled global climate model data to a hydrodynamic surface-water and groundwater model: American Journal of Climate Change, v. 3, no. 1, p. 33-49, https://doi.org/10.4236/ajcc.2014.31004.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"49","numberOfPages":"17","ipdsId":"IP-038872","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473113,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajcc.2014.31004","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":283835,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":283834,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=43632#.Ux9OwPRDuVM"},{"id":283774,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajcc.2014.31004"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.8998,24.5211 ], [ -82.8998,27.8146 ], [ 24.5211,27.8146 ], [ 24.5211,24.5211 ], [ -82.8998,24.5211 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5351701ee4b05569d805a156","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swain, Eric 0000-0001-7168-708X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-708X","contributorId":23347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stefanova, Lydia","contributorId":48300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stefanova","given":"Lydia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Thomas","contributorId":46416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70057463,"text":"sir20135217 - 2014 - Water-quality trends for selected sampling sites in the upper Clark Fork Basin, Montana, water years 1996-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-11T10:37:01","indexId":"sir20135217","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-11T10:28:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5217","title":"Water-quality trends for selected sampling sites in the upper Clark Fork Basin, Montana, water years 1996-2010","docAbstract":"A large-scale trend analysis was done on specific conductance, selected trace elements (arsenic, cadmium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, and zinc), and suspended-sediment data for 22 sites in the upper Clark Fork Basin for water years 1996–2010. Trend analysis was conducted by using two parametric methods: a time-series model (TSM) and multiple linear regression on time, streamflow, and season (MLR). Trend results for 1996–2010 indicate moderate to large decreases in flow-adjusted concentrations (FACs) and loads of copper (and other metallic elements) and suspended sediment in Silver Bow Creek upstream from Warm Springs. Deposition of metallic elements and suspended sediment within Warm Springs Ponds substantially reduces the downstream transport of those constituents. However, mobilization of copper and suspended sediment from floodplain tailings and stream banks in the Clark Fork reach from Galen to Deer Lodge is a large source of metallic elements and suspended sediment, which also affects downstream transport of those constituents. Copper and suspended-sediment loads mobilized from within this reach accounted for about 40 and 20 percent, respectively, of the loads for Clark Fork at Turah Bridge (site 20); whereas, streamflow contributed from within this reach only accounted for about 8 percent of the streamflow at Turah Bridge. Minor changes in FACs and loads of copper and suspended sediment are indicated for this reach during 1996–2010.
\nClark Fork reaches downstream from Deer Lodge are relatively smaller sources of metallic elements than the reach from Galen to Deer Lodge. In general, small decreases in loads and FACs of copper and suspended sediment are indicated for Clark Fork sites downstream from Deer Lodge during 1996–2010. Thus, although large decreases in FACs and loads of copper and suspended sediment are indicated for Silver Bow Creek upstream from Warm Springs, those large decreases are not translated to the more downstream reaches largely because of temporal stationarity in constituent transport relations in the Clark Fork reach from Galen to Deer Lodge.
\nUnlike metallic elements, arsenic (a metalloid element) in streams in the upper Clark Fork Basin typically is mostly in dissolved phase, has less variability in concentrations, and has weaker direct relations with suspended-sediment concentrations and streamflow. Arsenic trend results for 1996–2010 indicate generally moderate decreases in FACs and loads in Silver Bow Creek upstream from Opportunity. In general, small temporal changes in loads and FACs of arsenic are indicated for Silver Bow Creek and Clark Fork reaches downstream from Opportunity during 1996–2010. Contribution of arsenic (from Warm Springs Ponds, the Mill-Willow bypass, and groundwater sources) in the Silver Bow Creek reach from Opportunity to Warm Springs is a relatively large source of arsenic. Arsenic loads originating from within this reach accounted for about 11 percent of the load for Clark Fork at Turah Bridge; whereas, streamflow contributed from within this reach only accounted for about 2 percent of the streamflow at Turah Bridge.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135217","usgsCitation":"Sando, S.K., Vecchia, A.V., Lorenz, D.L., and Barnhart, E.P., 2014, Water-quality trends for selected sampling sites in the upper Clark Fork Basin, Montana, water years 1996-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5217, xiii, 162 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135217.","productDescription":"xiii, 162 p.","numberOfPages":"180","temporalStart":"1995-10-01","temporalEnd":"2010-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-045334","costCenters":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":283807,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135217.jpg"},{"id":283806,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5217/pdf/sir13-5217.pdf"},{"id":283770,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5217/"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator Projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Clark Fork Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.071,45.7493 ], [ -114.071,47.532 ], [ -112.1814,47.532 ], [ -112.1814,45.7493 ], [ -114.071,45.7493 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7d32e4b0b2908510f3b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sando, Steven K. 0000-0003-1206-1030 sksando@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1206-1030","contributorId":1016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sando","given":"Steven","email":"sksando@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vecchia, Aldo V. 0000-0002-2661-4401","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-4401","contributorId":41810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"Aldo","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lorenz, David L. 0000-0003-3392-4034 lorenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3392-4034","contributorId":1384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"David","email":"lorenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barnhart, Elliott P. 0000-0002-8788-8393 epbarnhart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8788-8393","contributorId":5385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhart","given":"Elliott","email":"epbarnhart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70095676,"text":"ofr20141048 - 2014 - Soil compaction vulnerability at Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-11T10:25:52","indexId":"ofr20141048","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-11T10:18:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1048","title":"Soil compaction vulnerability at Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Arizona","docAbstract":"Compaction vulnerability of different types of soils by hikers and vehicles is poorly known, particularly for soils of arid and semiarid regions. Engineering analyses have long shown that poorly sorted soils (for example, sandy loams) compact to high densities, whereas well-sorted soils (for example, eolian sand) do not compact, and high gravel content may reduce compaction. Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument (ORPI) in southwestern Arizona, is affected greatly by illicit activities associated with the United States–Mexico border, and has many soils that resource managers consider to be highly vulnerable to compaction. Using geospatial soils data for ORPI, compaction vulnerability was estimated qualitatively based on the amount of gravel and the degree of sorting of sand and finer particles. To test this qualitative assessment, soil samples were collected from 48 sites across all soil map units, and undisturbed bulk densities were measured. A scoring system was used to create a vulnerability index for soils on the basis of particle-size sorting, soil properties derived from Proctor compaction analyses, and the field undisturbed bulk densities. The results of the laboratory analyses indicated that the qualitative assessments of soil compaction vulnerability underestimated the area of high vulnerability soils by 73 percent. The results showed that compaction vulnerability of desert soils, such as those at ORPI, can be quantified using laboratory tests and evaluated using geographic information system analyses, providing a management tool that managers potentially could use to inform decisions about activities that reduce this type of soil disruption in protected areas.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141048","usgsCitation":"Webb, R., Nussear, K.E., Carmichael, S., and Esque, T., 2014, Soil compaction vulnerability at Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1048, iv, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141048.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-041135","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":283804,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141048.GIF"},{"id":283769,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1048/"},{"id":283803,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1048/pdf/ofr2014-1048.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.17,31.6978 ], [ -113.17,32.2627 ], [ -112.4986,32.2627 ], [ -112.4986,31.6978 ], [ -113.17,31.6978 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd732ae4b0b29085108c47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webb, Robert H. rhwebb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webb","given":"Robert H.","email":"rhwebb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":491333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nussear, Kenneth E. knussear@usgs.gov","contributorId":2695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nussear","given":"Kenneth","email":"knussear@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carmichael, Shinji","contributorId":14299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carmichael","given":"Shinji","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Esque, Todd C. tesque@usgs.gov","contributorId":3221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"Todd C.","email":"tesque@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":491335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70056590,"text":"sim3276 - 2014 - Detailed cross sections of the Eocene Green River Formation along the north and east margins of the Piceance Basin, western Colorado, using measured sections and drill hole information","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-11T10:16:24","indexId":"sim3276","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-11T10:02:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3276","title":"Detailed cross sections of the Eocene Green River Formation along the north and east margins of the Piceance Basin, western Colorado, using measured sections and drill hole information","docAbstract":"This report presents two detailed cross sections of the Eocene Green River Formation in the Piceance Basin, northwestern Colorado, constructed from eight detailed measured sections, fourteen core holes, and two rotary holes. The Eocene Green River Formation in the Piceance Basin contains the world’s largest known oil shale deposit with more than 1.5 billion barrels of oil in place. It was deposited in Lake Uinta, a long-lived saline lake that once covered much of the Piceance Basin and the Uinta Basin to the west. The cross sections extend across the northern and eastern margins of the Piceance Basin and are intended to aid in correlating between surface sections and the subsurface in the basin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3276","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R.C., 2014, Detailed cross sections of the Eocene Green River Formation along the north and east margins of the Piceance Basin, western Colorado, using measured sections and drill hole information: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3276, Report: iv, 11 p.; 2 Sheets: 179.0 x 74.0 inches and 127.0 x 91.0 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3276.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 11 p.; 2 Sheets: 179.0 x 74.0 inches and 127.0 x 91.0 inches","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049343","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":283801,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":283767,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3276/"},{"id":283800,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3276/pdf/sim3276_sheet2.pdf"},{"id":283798,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3276/pdf/sim3276_pamphlet.pdf"},{"id":283799,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3276/pdf/sim3276_sheet1.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Piceance Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.28,38.0 ], [ -112.28,43.51 ], [ -106.18,43.51 ], [ -106.18,38.0 ], [ -112.28,38.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5459e4b0b290850f5ae8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Ronald C. 0000-0002-6197-5165 rcjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6197-5165","contributorId":1550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Ronald","email":"rcjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70048952,"text":"ds711 - 2014 - USGS Field Activities 11CEV01 and 11CEV02 on the West Florida Shelf, Gulf of Mexico, in January and February 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-10T15:48:40","indexId":"ds711","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-10T15:08:08","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"711","title":"USGS Field Activities 11CEV01 and 11CEV02 on the West Florida Shelf, Gulf of Mexico, in January and February 2011","docAbstract":"During January and February 2011 the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the University of South Florida (USF), conducted geochemical surveys on the west Florida Shelf. Data collected will allow USGS and USF scientists to investigate the effects of climate change on ocean acidification within the northern Gulf of Mexico, specifically, the effect of ocean acidification on marine organisms and habitats. This work is part of a larger USGS study on Climate and Environmental Variability (CEV). The first cruise was conducted from January 3 – 7 (11CEV01) and the second from February 17 - 27 (11CEV02). To view each cruise's survey lines, please see the Trackline page. Both cruises took place aboard the R/V Weatherbird II, a ship of opportunity led by Dr. Kendra Daly (USF), which departed and returned from Saint Petersburg, Florida.
\nData collection included sampling of the surface and water column (referred to as station samples) with lab analysis of pH, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and total alkalinity. Augmenting the lab analysis was a continuous flow-through system with a Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) sensor, which also recorded salinity, and pH. Corroborating the USGS data are the vertical CTD profiles collected by USF. The CTD casts measured continuous vertical profiles of oxygen, chlorophyll fluorescence, optical backscatter, and transmissometer. Discrete samples for nutrients, chlorophyll, and particulate organic carbon/nitrogen were also collected during the CTD casts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds711","usgsCitation":"Robbins, L.L., Knorr, P.O., Daly, K.L., and Taylor, C.A., 2014, USGS Field Activities 11CEV01 and 11CEV02 on the West Florida Shelf, Gulf of Mexico, in January and February 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 711, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds711.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-035577","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286224,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds711.jpg"},{"id":283783,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0711/"},{"id":286220,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0711/title.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Shelf;Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.967,25.5722 ], [ -89.967,31.0059 ], [ -80.4639,31.0059 ], [ -80.4639,25.5722 ], [ -89.967,25.5722 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5351706ce4b05569d805a426","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, Lisa L. 0000-0003-3681-1094 lrobbins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3681-1094","contributorId":422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Lisa","email":"lrobbins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knorr, Paul O. pknorr@usgs.gov","contributorId":3691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knorr","given":"Paul","email":"pknorr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Daly, Kendra L.","contributorId":79018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daly","given":"Kendra","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taylor, Carl A.","contributorId":9960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70095526,"text":"70095526 - 2014 - Genetic variation in bacterial kidney disease (BKD) susceptibility in Lake Michigan Chinook Salmon and its progenitor population from the Puget Sound","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-10T10:35:03","indexId":"70095526","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-10T14:56:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic variation in bacterial kidney disease (BKD) susceptibility in Lake Michigan Chinook Salmon and its progenitor population from the Puget Sound","docAbstract":"Mass mortality events in wild fish due to infectious diseases are troubling, especially given the potential for long-term, population-level consequences. Evolutionary theory predicts that populations with sufficient genetic variation will adapt in response to pathogen pressure. Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha were introduced into Lake Michigan in the late 1960s from a Washington State hatchery population. In the late 1980s, collapse of the forage base and nutritional stress in Lake Michigan were thought to contribute to die-offs of Chinook Salmon due to bacterial kidney disease (BKD). Previously, we demonstrated that Lake Michigan Chinook Salmon from a Wisconsin hatchery have greater survival following BKD challenge relative to their progenitor population. Here, we evaluated whether the phenotypic divergence of these populations in BKD susceptibility was due to selection rather than genetic drift. Comparison of the overall magnitude of quantitative trait to neutral marker divergence between the populations suggested selection had occurred but a direct test of quantitative trait divergence was not significant, preventing the rejection of the null hypothesis of differentiation through genetic drift. Estimates of phenotypic variation (VP), additive genetic variation (VA) and narrow-sense heritability (h2) were consistently higher in the Wisconsin relative to the Washington population. If selection had acted on the Wisconsin population there was no evidence of a concomitant loss of genetic variation in BKD susceptibility. The Renibacterium salmoninarum exposures were conducted at both 14°C and 9°C; the warmer temperature accelerated time to death in both populations and there was no evidence of phenotypic plasticity or a genotype-by-environment (G × E) interaction. High h2 estimates for BKD susceptibility in the Wisconsin population, combined with a lack of phenotypic plasticity, predicts that future adaptive gains in BKD resistance are still possible and that these adaptive gains would be stable under the temperature range evaluated here.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.1080/08997659.2013.860061","usgsCitation":"Purcell, M., Hard, J.J., Neely, K.G., Park, L.K., Winton, J.R., and Elliott, D.G., 2014, Genetic variation in bacterial kidney disease (BKD) susceptibility in Lake Michigan Chinook Salmon and its progenitor population from the Puget Sound: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 26, no. 1, p. 9-18, https://doi.org/10.1080/08997659.2013.860061.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"18","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-048953","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":283627,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":283355,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08997659.2013.860061"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington;Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan;Puget Sound","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.88,42.49 ], [ -124.88,49.03 ], [ -86.25,49.03 ], [ -86.25,42.49 ], [ -124.88,42.49 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5351703ee4b05569d805a210","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Purcell, Maureen K.","contributorId":104214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purcell","given":"Maureen K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hard, Jeffrey J.","contributorId":15115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hard","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neely, Kathleen G.","contributorId":61341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neely","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Park, Linda K.","contributorId":28525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Park","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Winton, James R. 0000-0002-3505-5509 jwinton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-5509","contributorId":1944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"James","email":"jwinton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":491238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Elliott, Diane G. 0000-0002-4809-6692 dgelliott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-6692","contributorId":2947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Diane","email":"dgelliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70048055,"text":"70048055 - 2014 - Antecedent flow conditions and nitrate concentrations in the Mississippi River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-04T11:15:54","indexId":"70048055","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-10T09:35:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1928,"text":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Antecedent flow conditions and nitrate concentrations in the Mississippi River basin","docAbstract":"The relationship between antecedent flow conditions and nitrate concentrations was explored at eight sites in the 2.9 million square kilometers (km2) Mississippi River basin, USA. Antecedent flow conditions were quantified as the ratio between the mean daily flow of the previous year and the mean daily flow from the period of record (Qratio), and the Qratio was statistically related to nitrate anomalies (the unexplained variability in nitrate concentration after filtering out season, long-term trend, and contemporaneous flow effects) at each site. Nitrate anomaly and Qratio were negatively related at three of the four major tributary sites and upstream in the Mississippi River, indicating that when mean daily streamflow during the previous year was lower than average, nitrate concentrations were higher than expected. The strength of these relationships increased when data were subdivided by contemporaneous flow conditions. Five of the eight sites had significant negative relationships (p ≤ 0.05) at high or moderately high contemporaneous flows, suggesting nitrate that accumulates in these basins during a drought is flushed during subsequent high flows. At half of the sites, when mean daily flow during the previous year was 50 percent lower than average, nitrate concentration can be from 9 to 27 percent higher than nitrate concentrations that follow a year with average mean daily flow. Conversely, nitrate concentration can be from 8 to 21 percent lower than expected when flow during the previous year was 50 percent higher than average. Previously documented for small, relatively homogenous basins, our results suggest that relationships between antecedent flows and nitrate concentrations are also observable at a regional scale. Relationships were not observed (using all contemporaneous flow data together) for basins larger than 1 million km2, suggesting that above this limit the overall size and diversity within these basins may necessitate the use of more complicated statistical approaches or that there may be no discernible basin-wide relationship with antecedent flow. The relationships between nitrate concentration and Qratio identified in this study serve as the basis for future studies that can better define specific hydrologic processes occurring during and after a drought (or high flow period) which influence nitrate concentration, such as the duration or magnitude of low flows, and the timing of low and high flows.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Hydrology and Earth System Science","doi":"10.5194/hessd-10-11451-2013","usgsCitation":"Murphy, J.C., Hirsch, R.M., and Sprague, L.A., 2014, Antecedent flow conditions and nitrate concentrations in the Mississippi River basin: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, p. 967-979, https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-11451-2013.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"967","endPage":"979","ipdsId":"IP-045515","costCenters":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473114,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-11451-2013","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":288062,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277439,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-11451-2013"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53903fe4e4b04eea98bf84ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, Jennifer C. 0000-0002-0881-0919 jmurphy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0881-0919","contributorId":4281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Jennifer","email":"jmurphy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hirsch, Robert M. 0000-0002-4534-075X rhirsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-075X","contributorId":2005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"Robert","email":"rhirsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sprague, Lori A. 0000-0003-2832-6662 lsprague@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2832-6662","contributorId":726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprague","given":"Lori","email":"lsprague@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70095212,"text":"sim3291 - 2014 - Geologic map of the Kechumstuk fault zone in the Mount Veta area, Fortymile mining district, east-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-16T14:36:03.296289","indexId":"sim3291","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-10T06:42:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3291","title":"Geologic map of the Kechumstuk fault zone in the Mount Veta area, Fortymile mining district, east-central Alaska","docAbstract":"This map was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program to depict the fundamental geologic features for the western part of the Fortymile mining district of east-central Alaska, and to delineate the location of known bedrock mineral prospects and their relationship to rock types and structural features.
This geospatial map database presents a 1:63,360-scale geologic map for the Kechumstuk fault zone and surrounding area, which lies 55 km northwest of Chicken, Alaska. The Kechumstuk fault zone is a northeast-trending zone of faults that transects the crystalline basement rocks of the Yukon-Tanana Upland of the western part of the Fortymile mining district. The crystalline basement rocks include Paleozoic metasedimentary and metaigneous rocks as well as granitoid intrusions of Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous age. The geologic units represented by polygons in this dataset are based on new geologic mapping and geochronological data coupled with an interpretation of regional and new geophysical data collected by the Alaska Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys. The geochronological data are reported in the accompanying geologic map text and represent new U-Pb dates on zircons collected from the igneous and metaigneous units within the map area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3291","usgsCitation":"Day, W.C., O’Neill, J., Dusel-Bacon, C., Aleinikoff, J.N., and Siron, C.R., 2014, Geologic map of the Kechumstuk fault zone in the Mount Veta area, Fortymile mining district, east-central Alaska (Version 1.1: March 12, 2014; Version 1.0: March 10, 201): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3291, 1 Plate: 45.00 x 36.00 inches; HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3291.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 45.00 x 36.00 inches; HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051711","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375617,"rank":4,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3291/images/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":283773,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3291/downloads/"},{"id":283772,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3291/pdf/SIM3291.pdf"},{"id":283667,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3291/"}],"scale":"63360","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"1927 North American Datum","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Fortymile Mining District","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -143.4,64.0 ], [ -143.4,64.25 ], [ -142.666667,64.25 ], [ -142.666667,64.0 ], [ -143.4,64.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.1: March 12, 2014; Version 1.0: March 10, 201","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5c9de4b0b290850fa987","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Day, Warren C. 0000-0002-9278-2120 wday@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9278-2120","contributorId":1308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"Warren","email":"wday@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Neill, J. Michael","contributorId":98210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neill","given":"J. Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dusel-Bacon, Cynthia 0000-0001-8481-739X cdusel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8481-739X","contributorId":2797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusel-Bacon","given":"Cynthia","email":"cdusel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Siron, Christopher R.","contributorId":106410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siron","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70134834,"text":"70134834 - 2014 - An analysis of monthly home range size in the critically endangered California Condor Gymnogyps californianus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T10:43:00","indexId":"70134834","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1048,"text":"Bird Conservation International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An analysis of monthly home range size in the critically endangered California Condor Gymnogyps californianus","docAbstract":"Condors and vultures comprise the only group of terrestrial vertebrates in the world that are obligate scavengers, and these species move widely to locate ephemeral, unpredictable, and patchily-distributed food resources. In this study, we used high-resolution GPS location data to quantify monthly home range size of the critically endangered California Condor Gymnogyps californianus throughout the annual cycle in California. We assessed whether individual-level characteristics (age, sex and breeding status) and factors related to endangered species recovery program efforts (rearing method, release site) were linked to variation in monthly home range size. We found that monthly home range size varied across the annual cycle, with the largest monthly home ranges observed during late summer and early fall (July–October), a pattern that may be linked to seasonal changes in thermals that facilitate movement. Monthly home ranges of adults were significantly larger than those of immatures, but males and females used monthly home ranges of similar size throughout the year and breeding adults did not differ from non-breeding adults in their average monthly home range size. Individuals from each of three release sites differed significantly in the size of their monthly home ranges, and no differences in monthly home range size were detected between condors reared under captive conditions relative to those reared in the wild. Our study provides an important foundation for understanding the movement ecology of the California Condor and it highlights the importance of seasonal variation in space use for effective conservation planning for this critically endangered species.
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Compared to alternatives, the most effective models share some combination of the following characteristics: simpler, smaller, faster, general, idiosyncratic or manipulable. We argue that biological soil crusts (biocrusts) have unique combinations of these features that should be more widely exploited in community, landscape and ecosystem ecology. In community ecology, biocrusts are elucidating the importance of biodiversity and spatial pattern for maintaining ecosystem multifunctionality due to their manipulability in experiments. Due to idiosyncrasies in their modes of facilitation and competition, biocrusts have led to new models on the interplay between environmental stress and biotic interactions and on the maintenance of biodiversity by competitive processes. Biocrusts are perhaps one of the best examples of micro-landscapes—real landscapes that are small in size. Although they exhibit varying patch heterogeneity, aggregation, connectivity and fragmentation, like macro-landscapes, they are also compatible with well-replicated experiments (unlike macro-landscapes). In ecosystem ecology, a number of studies are imposing small-scale, low cost manipulations of global change or state factors in biocrust micro-landscapes. The versatility of biocrusts to inform such disparate lines of inquiry suggests that they are an especially useful model system that can enable researchers to see ecological principles more clearly and quickly.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biodiversity and Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Chapman & Hall","publisherLocation":"Andover, Hants, UK","doi":"10.1007/s10531-014-0658-x","usgsCitation":"Bowker, M.A., Maestre, F.T., Eldridge, D., Belnap, J., Castillo-Monroy, A., Escolar, C., and Soliveres, S., 2014, Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) as a model system in community, landscape and ecosystem ecology: Biodiversity and Conservation, v. 23, no. 7, p. 1619-1637, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-014-0658-x.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1619","endPage":"1637","numberOfPages":"19","ipdsId":"IP-053108","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488369,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://dspace.utpl.edu.ec/handle/123456789/19144","text":"External Repository"},{"id":294289,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294258,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-014-0658-x"},{"id":294259,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10531-014-0658-x"}],"volume":"23","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422bb18e4b08312ac7cef45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowker, Matthew A. mbowker@usgs.gov","contributorId":2875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowker","given":"Matthew","email":"mbowker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":501978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maestre, Fernando T.","contributorId":62450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maestre","given":"Fernando","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eldridge, David","contributorId":103595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eldridge","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Castillo-Monroy, Andrea","contributorId":69904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castillo-Monroy","given":"Andrea","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Escolar, Cristina","contributorId":70241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Escolar","given":"Cristina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Soliveres, Santiago","contributorId":37194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soliveres","given":"Santiago","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ]}