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,{"id":38216,"text":"pp1545 - 1994 - Depositional framework and regional correlation of pre-Carboniferous metacarbonate rocks of the Snowden Mountain area, central Brooks Range, Northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-07T21:31:36","indexId":"pp1545","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1545","title":"Depositional framework and regional correlation of pre-Carboniferous metacarbonate rocks of the Snowden Mountain area, central Brooks Range, Northern Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>This report describes lithofacies, conodont biostratigraphy and biofacies, and depositional environments of Proterozoic(?) through Devonian metacarbonate rocks in the Snowden Mountain area. These rocks are correlated with successions on the Seward Peninsula and across the Brooks Range. Lithologic and paleobiogeographic data suggest that these successions formed along a single continental margin which had faunal exchange with both North America and Siberia, rather than on a series of discrete platforms juxtaposed by later tectonic events.</p>","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/pp1545","usgsCitation":"Dumoulin, J.A., and Harris, A., 1994, Depositional framework and regional correlation of pre-Carboniferous metacarbonate rocks of the Snowden Mountain area, central Brooks Range, Northern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1545, 66 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1545.","productDescription":"66 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119217,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1545/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":64520,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1545/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Snowden Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -150.29296875,\n              67.6343168308615\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.29296875,\n              69.03714171275197\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.9970703125,\n              69.03714171275197\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.9970703125,\n              67.6343168308615\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.29296875,\n              67.6343168308615\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab1e4b07f02db66e823","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":219354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, A. G.","contributorId":39791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"A. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":31739,"text":"ofr94702 - 1994 - Neogene and Quaternary foraminifera and paleoenvironments of a corehole from Horn Island, Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:18","indexId":"ofr94702","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-702","title":"Neogene and Quaternary foraminifera and paleoenvironments of a corehole from Horn Island, Mississippi","docAbstract":"The only semipermanent surface water available on the Southern High \r\nPlains plateau of Texas and New Mexico is contained in saline lakes and \r\nin the playa lakes that form in shallow depressions, called playa \r\nbasins, following heavy rainfall. The playas generally are accepted as \r\nthe main source of recharge to the underlying High Plains (Ogallala) \r\naquifer of the region, and they constitute the major wildlife habitat on \r\nthe Southern High Plains. Their use as water sources, holding ponds, \r\nand waste-disposal sites by agricultural and industrial operations may \r\npotentially lead to ground-water contamination and habitat degradation.  \r\nTherefore, playa lakes will play an essential role in the collection of \r\nsurface-water quality and ecological data for the Southern High Plains \r\nstudy unit of the National Water-Quality Assessment program of the U.S. \r\nGeological Survey.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr94702","usgsCitation":"Gibson, T.G., 1994, Neogene and Quaternary foraminifera and paleoenvironments of a corehole from Horn Island, Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-702, 24 leaves :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94702.","productDescription":"24 leaves :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163455,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0702/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59958,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0702/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697d85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibson, Thomas G.","contributorId":25180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibson","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":31884,"text":"ofr94608B - 1994 - Earthquake data report, August 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:04","indexId":"ofr94608B","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-608","chapter":"B","title":"Earthquake data report, August 1994","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr94608B","usgsCitation":"National Earthquake Information Center, 1994, Earthquake data report, August 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-608, Five 5 1/4 inch diskettes , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94608B.","productDescription":"Five 5 1/4 inch diskettes ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160253,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a52e4b07f02db62aad8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"National Earthquake Information Center","contributorId":128066,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"National Earthquake Information Center","id":529310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":31883,"text":"ofr94608A - 1994 - Earthquake data report, August 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:04","indexId":"ofr94608A","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-608","chapter":"A","title":"Earthquake data report, August 1994","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr94608A","usgsCitation":"National Earthquake Information Center, 1994, Earthquake data report, August 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-608, 435 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94608A.","productDescription":"435 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160252,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0608a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60071,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0608a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a52e4b07f02db62aad5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"National Earthquake Information Center","contributorId":128066,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"National Earthquake Information Center","id":529309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":31882,"text":"ofr94607B - 1994 - Earthquake data report, July 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:04","indexId":"ofr94607B","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-607","chapter":"B","title":"Earthquake data report, July 1994","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr94607B","usgsCitation":"National Earthquake Information Center, 1994, Earthquake data report, July 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-607, Four 5 1/2 inch diskettes. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94607B.","productDescription":"Four 5 1/2 inch diskettes. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160251,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a52e4b07f02db62a7a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"National Earthquake Information Center","contributorId":128066,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"National Earthquake Information Center","id":529308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":31881,"text":"ofr94607A - 1994 - Earthquake data report, July 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:04","indexId":"ofr94607A","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-607","chapter":"A","title":"Earthquake data report, July 1994","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr94607A","usgsCitation":"National Earthquake Information Center, 1994, Earthquake data report, July 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-607, 527 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94607A.","productDescription":"527 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160250,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0607a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60070,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0607a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a52e4b07f02db62a7a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"National Earthquake Information Center","contributorId":128066,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"National Earthquake Information Center","id":529307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":31885,"text":"ofr94609A - 1994 - Earthquake data report, September 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:04","indexId":"ofr94609A","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-609","chapter":"A","title":"Earthquake data report, September 1994","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr94609A","usgsCitation":"National Earthquake Information Center, 1994, Earthquake data report, September 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-609, 387 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94609A.","productDescription":"387 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160254,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0609a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60072,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0609a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62987d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"National Earthquake Information Center","contributorId":128066,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"National Earthquake Information Center","id":529311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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,{"id":17501,"text":"ofr953 - 1994 - Preliminary analysis of integrated stratigraphic data from the South Venice corehole, Sarasota County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-27T07:02:41","indexId":"ofr953","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-3","title":"Preliminary analysis of integrated stratigraphic data from the South Venice corehole, Sarasota County, Florida","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr953","usgsCitation":"Brewster-Wingard, G.L., Weedman, S., Scott, T., Edwards, L.E., and Green, R., 1994, Preliminary analysis of integrated stratigraphic data from the South Venice corehole, Sarasota County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-3, 129 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr953.","productDescription":"129 p.","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":149121,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0003/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46652,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0003/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida ","county":"Sarasota County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.6611328125,\n              27.19112839142226\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.2821044921875,\n              27.19112839142226\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.2821044921875,\n              27.464413510962768\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.6611328125,\n              27.464413510962768\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.6611328125,\n              27.19112839142226\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acae4b07f02db67cd65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brewster-Wingard, G. Lynn","contributorId":17626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brewster-Wingard","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lynn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weedman, S.D.","contributorId":23961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weedman","given":"S.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scott, T.M.","contributorId":66694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":176611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Green, R.C.","contributorId":22373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":19261,"text":"ofr94703 - 1994 - A control and data acquisition system for use with a hydrothermal diamond-anvil cell","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:31","indexId":"ofr94703","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-703","title":"A control and data acquisition system for use with a hydrothermal diamond-anvil cell","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr94703","usgsCitation":"Haselton, H., and Chou, I., 1994, A control and data acquisition system for use with a hydrothermal diamond-anvil cell: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-703, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94703.","productDescription":"24 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151471,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0703/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48723,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0703/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6af66d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haselton, H.T. Jr.","contributorId":83520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haselton","given":"H.T.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chou, I-Ming 0000-0001-5233-6479 imchou@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I-Ming","email":"imchou@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":180572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":19485,"text":"ofr94544 - 1994 - Methodology for the assessment of scour at bridge sites in Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:29","indexId":"ofr94544","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-544","title":"Methodology for the assessment of scour at bridge sites in Missouri","docAbstract":"A field inspection methodology, a scour- susceptibility ranking procedure, and a data base management system were developed for the Missouri Highway and Transportation Department to use for scour inspection and assessment at bridges throughout the State. Because scour can cause bridge failure, federal statute mandates that the approximately 4,700 state-owned bridges over water be assessed for scour-related problems. The Missouri Scour Assessment Field Form was developed so that bridge inspectors from the Missouri Highway and Transportation Department could collect data at a bridge site quickly and thoroughly. The arrangement of the form allows inspectors to collect specific quantitative data at each area with a minimum of wasted steps. The Missouri Bridge Scour data base was developed to store and manipulate scour data collected during field inspections. Scour data in the data base can be updated, printed, and tabulated with other records using several criteria. A potential scour index and an observed scour index are calculated within the data base for each bridge site. The data base also may have multiple entries for a single site, providing versatility whereby recent inspections may be compared with earlier inspections to document long-term trends and changes.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr94544","usgsCitation":"Huizinga, R.J., and Waite, L.A., 1994, Methodology for the assessment of scour at bridge sites in Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-544, v, 23 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94544.","productDescription":"v, 23 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151881,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0544/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48955,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0544/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629ff1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huizinga, Richard J. 0000-0002-2940-2324 huizinga@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2940-2324","contributorId":2089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huizinga","given":"Richard","email":"huizinga@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":180991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waite, Loyd A.","contributorId":79914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"Loyd","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":19974,"text":"ofr94627 - 1994 - Development of a digital land cover data base for the Selawik National Wildlife Refuge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-28T13:09:56","indexId":"ofr94627","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-627","title":"Development of a digital land cover data base for the Selawik National Wildlife Refuge","docAbstract":"<p>Digital land cover and terrain data of the Selawik National Wildlife Refuge were produced by the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Earth Resources Observation Systems Alaska Field Office for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. These and other environmental data were incorporated into a Fish and Wildlife Service geographic information system to prepare a comprehensive conservation plan and an environmental impact statement for the refuge and to assist in research and management of the refuge.</p>\n<p>The digital data base, stored on tapes, includes land cover classifications from Landsat multispectral scanner data, elevation, slope, and aspect data for the area covered by the USGS Selawik and Shungnak l:250,000-scale topographic maps. The maps incorporate more than 90 percent of the refuge. Additional digital data in the data base include (a) land cover of the entire refuge at 50-, 200-, and 400-m pixel sizes derived from Landsat multispectral scanner data; (b) Landsat multispectral scanner data registered to a 50-m Universal Transverse Mercator grid; (c) elevation, slope, aspect, and solar illumination data registered to each Landsat scene; (d) stream hydrography and surficial geology digitized from USGS l:250,000-scale quadrangle maps; and (e) Refuge and wilderness boundaries.</p>\n<p>In addition to the digital products, color hard copy maps were produced from the l:250,000-scale quadrangle base land cover, elevation, slope, and aspect digital data.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr94627","usgsCitation":"Markon, C., and Kirk, W., 1994, Development of a digital land cover data base for the Selawik National Wildlife Refuge: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-627, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94627.","productDescription":"23 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":49499,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0627/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":152724,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0627/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Selawik National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -162,\n              66\n            ],\n            [\n              -162,\n              67\n            ],\n            [\n              -156,\n              67\n            ],\n            [\n              -156,\n              66\n            ],\n            [\n              -162,\n              66\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db667089","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markon, Carl J.","contributorId":80305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markon","given":"Carl J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirk, William","contributorId":98756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":20128,"text":"ofr93435 - 1994 - Cyclic injection, storage, and withdrawal of heated water in a sandstone aquifer at St. Paul, Minnesota: Analysis of thermal data and nonisothermal modeling of short-term test cycles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T10:21:29","indexId":"ofr93435","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-435","title":"Cyclic injection, storage, and withdrawal of heated water in a sandstone aquifer at St. Paul, Minnesota: Analysis of thermal data and nonisothermal modeling of short-term test cycles","docAbstract":"<p>In May 1980, the University of Minnesota began a project to evaluate the feasibility of storing heated water (150 degrees Celsius) in the Franconia-Ironton-Galesville aquifer (180 to 240 meters below land surface) and later recovering it for space heating. The University's steam-generation facilities supplied high-temperature water for injection. The Aquifer Thermal-Energy Storage system is a doublet-well design in which the injection-withdrawal wells are spaced approximately 250 meters apart. Water was pumped from one of the wells through a heat exchanger, where heat was added or removed. This water was then injected back into the aquifer through the other well.</p>\n<p>Four short-term test cycles were completed. Each cycle consisted of approximately equal durations of injection and withdrawal ranging from 5.25 to 8.01 days. Equal rates of injection and withdrawal, ranging from 17.4 to 18.6 liters per second, were maintained for each short-term test cycle. Average injection temperatures ranged from 88.5 to 117.9 degrees Celsius.</p>\n<p>Temperature graphs for selected depths at individual observation wells indicate that the Ironton and Galesville Sandstones received and stored more thermal energy than the upper part of the Franconia Formation. Clogging of the Ironton Sandstone was possibly due to precipitation of calcium carbonate or movement of fine-grain material or both. Vertical-profile plots indicate that the effects of buoyancy flow were small within the aquifer.</p>\n<p>A three-dimensional, anisotropic, nonisothermal, ground-water-flow, and thermal-energy-transport model was constructed to simulate the four short-term test cycles. The model was used to simulate the entire short-term testing period of approximately 400 days. The only model properties varied during model calibration were longitudinal and transverse thermal dispersivities, which, for final calibration, were simulated as 3.3 and 0.33 meters, respectively. The model was calibrated by comparing model-computed results to (1) measured temperatures at selected altitudes in four observation wells, (2) measured temperatures at the production well, and (3) calculated thermal efficiencies of the aquifer. Model-computed withdrawal-water temperatures were within an average of about 3 percent of measured values and model-computed aquifer-thermal efficiencies were within an average of about 5 percent of calculated values for the short-term test cycles. These data indicate that the model accurately simulated thermal-energy storage within the Franconia-Ironton-Galesville aquifer.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/ofr93435","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Minnesota and the Minnesota Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Miller, R.T., and Delin, G., 1994, Cyclic injection, storage, and withdrawal of heated water in a sandstone aquifer at St. Paul, Minnesota: Analysis of thermal data and nonisothermal modeling of short-term test cycles: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-435, vi, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93435.","productDescription":"vi, 70 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":153210,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0435/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":95441,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0435/report.pdf","size":"13067","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ec17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Robert T.","contributorId":91892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Delin, G. N.","contributorId":12834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"G. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30069,"text":"wri944189 - 1994 - Summary and interpretation of dye-tracer tests to investigate the hydraulic connection of fractures at a ridge-and-valley-wall site, near Fishtrap Lake, Pike County, Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T19:17:38.007782","indexId":"wri944189","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4189","title":"Summary and interpretation of dye-tracer tests to investigate the hydraulic connection of fractures at a ridge-and-valley-wall site, near Fishtrap Lake, Pike County, Kentucky","docAbstract":"<p>Dye-tracer tests were done during 1985-92 to investigate the hydraulic connection between fractures in Pennsylvanian coal-bearing strata at a ridge-and-valley-wall site near Fishtrap Lake, Pike County, Ky. Fluorescent dye was injected into a core hole penetrating near-surface and mining-induced fractures near the crest of the ridge. The rate and direction of migration of dye in the subsurface were determined by measuring the relative concentration of dye in water samples collected from piezometers completed in conductive fracture zones and fractured coal beds at various stratigraphic horizons within the ridge. Dye-concentration data and water-level measurements for each piezometer were plotted as curves on dye-recovery hydrographs. The dye-recovery hydrographs were used to evaluate trends in the fluctuation of dye concentrations and hydraulic heads in order to identify geologic and hydrologic factors affecting the subsurface transport of dye. </p><p>The principal factors affecting the transport of dye in the subsurface hydrologic system were determined to be (1) the distribution, interconnection, and hydraulic properties of fractures; (2) hydraulic-head conditions in the near-fracture zone at the time of dye injection; and (3) subsequent short- and long-term fluctuations in recharge to the hydrologic system. In most of the dye-tracer tests, dye-recovery hydrographs are characterized by complex, multipeaked dye-concentration curves that are indicative of a splitting of dye flow as ground water moved through fractures. Intermittent dye pulses (distinct upward spikes in dye concentration) mark the arrivals of dye-labeled water to piezometers by way of discrete fracture-controlled flow paths that vary in length, complexity, and hydraulic conductivity. Dye injections made during relatively high- or increasinghead conditions resulted in rapid transport of dye (within several days or weeks) from near-surf ace fractures to piezometers. Injections made during relatively low- or decreasing-head conditions resulted in dye being trapped in hydraulically dead zones in water-depleted fractures. Residual dye was remobilized from storage and transported (over periods ranging from several months to about 2 years) by increased recharge to the hydrologic system. Subsequent fluctuations in hydraulic gradients, resulting from increases or decreases in recharge to the hydrologic system, acted to speed or slow the transport of dye along the fracture-controlled flow paths. </p><p>The dye-tracer tests also demonstrated that mining-related disturbances significantly altered the natural fracture-controlled flow paths of the hydrologic system over time. An abandoned underground mine and subsidence-related surface cracks extend to within 250 ft of the principal dye-injection core hole. Results from two of the dye-tracer tests at the site indicate that the annular seal in&nbsp;the core hole was breached by subsurface propagation of the mining-induced fractures. This propagation of fractures resulted in hydraulic short-circuiting between the dye-injection zone in the core hole and two lower piezometer zones, and a partial disruption of the hydraulic connection between the injection core hole and downgradient piezometers on the ridge crest and valley wall. In addition, injected dye was detected in piezometers monitoring a flooded part of the abandoned underground mine. Dye was apparently transported into the mine through a hydraulic connection between the injection core hole and subsidence-related fractures. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944189","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement","usgsCitation":"Taylor, C.J., 1994, Summary and interpretation of dye-tracer tests to investigate the hydraulic connection of fractures at a ridge-and-valley-wall site, near Fishtrap Lake, Pike County, Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4189, Report: v, 83 p.; 1 Plate: 17.66 x 13.46 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944189.","productDescription":"Report: v, 83 p.; 1 Plate: 17.66 x 13.46 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":395712,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48064.htm"},{"id":354755,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4189/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58880,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4189/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160133,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4189/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","county":"Pike County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.37029552459717,\n              37.430466695526114\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.3624849319458,\n              37.430466695526114\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.3624849319458,\n              37.43581686206661\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.37029552459717,\n              37.43581686206661\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.37029552459717,\n              37.430466695526114\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699653","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Charles J.","contributorId":93100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27669,"text":"wri944158 - 1994 - Effects of urban flood-detention reservoirs on peak discharges and flood frequencies, and simulation of flood-detention reservoir outflow hydrographs in two watersheds in Albany, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-05T20:34:39.657275","indexId":"wri944158","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4158","title":"Effects of urban flood-detention reservoirs on peak discharges and flood frequencies, and simulation of flood-detention reservoir outflow hydrographs in two watersheds in Albany, Georgia","docAbstract":"<p>This report describes the effects of flood-detention reservoirs on downstream peak discharges of two urban tributaries to Kinchafoonee Creek (tributaries 1 and 2) in Albany, Georgia and presents simulated flood-detention reservoir outflow hydrographs. Rainfall-runoff data were collected for six years at two stations in these two urban watersheds. Tributary number 1 basin has a drainage area of 0.12 square miles, contains 23.8 percent impervious area, and contains two detention reservoirs. Tributary number 2 basin has a drainage area of 0.09 square miles, contains 12.9 percent impervious area, and has one detention reservoir. The Distributed Routing Rainfall-Runoff Model (DR3M) was calibrated using rainfall-runoff data collected during 1987- 92 at each station. DR3M was then used to simulate long-term (1906-33, 1941-73) peak discharges for these stations for conditions ranging from the existing condition with all detention reservoirs in place to the condition of no detention reservoirs. Flood-frequency relations based on the long-term peak discharges were developed for each simulation by fitting the logarithms of the annual peak discharge data to a Pearson type III distribution curve. The effect of detention reservoirs on peak discharge data to a Pearson type III distribution curve. The effect of detention reservoirs on peak discharges was determined by comparison of simulated flood-frequency peak discharges for conditions with and without the detention reservoirs. The comparisons indicated that the removal of flood-detention reservoirs from the tributary number 1 basin would increase the 10-, 50-, and 100-year peak discharges by 164 to 204 percent. Removal of the reservoir from tributary number 2 basin would increase these discharges by about 145 percent.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944158","usgsCitation":"Hess, G.W., and Inman, E.J., 1994, Effects of urban flood-detention reservoirs on peak discharges and flood frequencies, and simulation of flood-detention reservoir outflow hydrographs in two watersheds in Albany, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4158, vi, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944158.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":393931,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48037.htm"},{"id":56520,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4158/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123955,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4158/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","city":"Albany","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.2706298828125,\n              31.508312698943445\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.04403686523438,\n              31.508312698943445\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.04403686523438,\n              31.631167783684678\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.2706298828125,\n              31.631167783684678\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.2706298828125,\n              31.508312698943445\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f92d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hess, G. W.","contributorId":43338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Inman, E. J.","contributorId":44193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Inman","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30447,"text":"wri944058 - 1994 - Calibration, verification, and use of a water-quality model to simulate effects of discharging treated wastewater to the Red River of the North at Fargo, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-14T16:51:25","indexId":"wri944058","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4058","title":"Calibration, verification, and use of a water-quality model to simulate effects of discharging treated wastewater to the Red River of the North at Fargo, North Dakota","docAbstract":"<p>A 30.8-mile reach of the Red River of the North receives treated wastewater from plants at Fargo, North Dakota, and Moorhead, Minnesota, and streamflows from the Sheyenne River. A one-dimensional, steady-state, stream water-quality model, the Enhanced Stream Water Quality Model (QUAL2E), was calibrated and verified for summer streamflow conditions to simulate some of the biochemical processes that result from discharging treated wastewater into this reach of the river.</p><p>Data obtained to define the river's transport conditions are measurements of channel geometry, streamflow, traveltime, specific conductance, and temperature. Data obtained to define the river's water-quality conditions are measurements of concentrations of selected water-quality constituents and estimates of various reaction coefficients. Most of the water-quality data used to calibrate and verify the model were obtained during two synoptic samplings in August 1989 and August 1990. </p><p>The water-quality model simulates specific conductance, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, ultimate carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand, total nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen, total ammonia as nitrogen, total organic nitrogen as nitrogen, total phosphorus as phosphorus, and algal biomass as chlorophyll a. Of the nine properties and constituents that the calibrated model simulates, all except algae were verified. When increases in dissolved-oxygen concentration are considered, model sensitivity analyses indicate that dissolved-oxygen concentration is most sensitive to maximum specific algal growth rate. When decreases in dissolved-oxygen concentration are considered, model sensitivity analyses indicate that dissolved-oxygen concentration is most sensitive to point-source ammonia. Model simulations indicate nitrification and sediment oxygen demand consume most of the dissolved oxygen in the study reach.</p><p>The Red River at Fargo Water-Quality Model and the verification data set, including associated reaction-coefficient values as input, were used to simulate total ammonia as nitrogen, total nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen, 5-day carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand, and dissolved oxygen for water-quality conditions that result from three hypothetical boundary conditions. The model was applied to various combinations of three hypothetical waste loads when the headwater streamflow was either 50 or 75 cubic feet per second, when Fargo's wastewater-treatment plant outflow was either 15 or 37.8 cubic feet per second, and when total ammonia as nitrogen concentration of the outflow was either 5,9, or 15 milligrams per liter. For each hypothetical waste load, at least one water-quality standard for either total ammonia as nitrogen, total nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen, or dissolved oxygen was contravened, and, for one scenario, all three standards were contravened.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944058","usgsCitation":"Wesolowski, E.A., 1994, Calibration, verification, and use of a water-quality model to simulate effects of discharging treated wastewater to the Red River of the North at Fargo, North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4058, viii, 143 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944058.","productDescription":"viii, 143 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":59230,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4058/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124074,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4058/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e72f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wesolowski, Edwin A.","contributorId":14014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wesolowski","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26127,"text":"wri944200 - 1994 - Investigation of bridge scour at selected sites on Missouri streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-19T18:22:15","indexId":"wri944200","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4200","title":"Investigation of bridge scour at selected sites on Missouri streams","docAbstract":"<p>Scour around bridge piers is a major concern in the design of a new bridge or the evaluation of the structural stability of an existing bridge. An adequate estimation of potential scour at bridge piers is essential to effective design, construction, and maintenance of hydraulic structures. Reasonably accurate estimates of scour depth are needed for safe, cost-effective bridge design. Although many equations have been developed on the basis of laboratory work that can be used to estimate local scour at piers, site-specific data have not previously been collected to verify the accuracy of these equations or applicability to Missouri streams.</p>\n<p>Scour data were collected during floods at 10 sites on streams in Missouri. The recurrence intervals of the floods ranged from less than 2 to more than 50 years. Local-scour holes near bridge piers ranged from 0.5 to 7.1 feet deep. Seven local-pier-scour equations were evaluated as to their usefulness in estimating the measured scour at the sites studied. Scour depths estimated using the Froehlich equatin without a safety factor had an interquartile range nearest in magnitude to the interquartile range of the measured scour depths. None of the medians of scour depths estimated using the seven equations were statistically equal to the median of the measured scour depths at a 0.05 level of significance. However, the Froehlich equation without a safety factor provided the \"best fit\" estimates of the equations considered.</p>\n<p>Contraction scour exceeded local scour by several times in some cases. Total scour of approximately 19 feet, largely becasue of contraction scour, was measured at the Chariton River near Prairie Hill during the flood of July 8, 1993. This large scour was, in part, the result of an accumulation of woody debris de- creasing the bridge-opening area.</p>\n<p>A bridge on State Highway 32 near Lebanon over North Cobb Creek (drainage area 52.5&nbsp;square miles) was destroyed during the flood of May 26, 1990. Bridge scour attributable to&nbsp;contraction of the flood flow caused this loss.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944200","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Highway and Transportation Commission","usgsCitation":"Becker, L.D., 1994, Investigation of bridge scour at selected sites on Missouri streams: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4200, v, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944200.","productDescription":"v, 40 p.","numberOfPages":"49","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":309692,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri944200.PNG"},{"id":309691,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4200/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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,{"id":28349,"text":"wri944097 - 1994 - Physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of Pueblo Reservoir, Colorado, 1985-89","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-22T13:10:52","indexId":"wri944097","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4097","title":"Physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of Pueblo Reservoir, Colorado, 1985-89","docAbstract":"<p>Physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of Pueblo Reservoir are described on the basis of data collected from spring 1985 through fall 1989. Also included are discussions of water quality of the upper Arkansas River Basin and the reservoir as they relate to reservoir operations. Pueblo Reservoir is a multipurpose, main-stem reservoir on the Arkansas River about 6 miles west of Pueblo, Colorado. At the top of its conservation pool, the reservoir is more than 9 miles long and ranges in depth from a few feet at the inflow to about 155 feet at the dam. Pueblo Reservoir derives most of its contents from the Arkansas River, which comprises native and transmountain flow. </p><p>With respect to water temperature, the reservoir typically was well mixed to weakly stratified during the early spring and gradually became strongly stratified by May. The strong thermal stratification and underflow of the Arkansas River generally persisted into August, at which time the reservoir surface began to cool and the reservoir subsequently underwent fall turnover. Following fall turnover, the reservoir was stratified to some degree in the shallow upstream part and well mixed in the deeper middle and downstream parts. Reservoir residence times were affected by the extent of stratification present. When the reservoir was well mixed, residence times were as long as several months. During the summer when the reservoir was strongly stratified, reservoir releases were large, and when underflow was the prevalent flow pattern of the Arkansas River, reservoir residence times were as short as 30 days.</p><p>Most particulate matter settled from the water column between the inflow and a distance of about 5 miles downstream. On occasions of large streamflows and sediment loads from the Arkansas River, particulate matter was transported completely through the reservoir. Water transparency, as measured with a Secchi disk, increased in a downstream direction from the reservoir inflow. The increase probably was a result of sediment settling from the water column in the upstream part of the reservoir. Secchi-disk depths in December through April were larger than those in May through November. Secchi-disk depths were small between May through August as inflow sediment loads and reservoir biomass increased. In the fall, Secchi-disk depths remained small possibly as the result of resuspension of sediment and detritus within the water column. </p><p>Dissolved-oxygen concentrations generally were near supersaturation near the reservoir surface. Dissolved-oxygen concentrations decreased with increasing depth. On several occasions during the summer, dissolved oxygen became completely depleted in the hypolimnion of the downstream part of the reservoir. The most extensive period of anoxia that was measured was in August 1988; the bottom 12 to 30 feet of the downstream end of the reservoir was anoxic. Fall turnover typically resulted in well-oxygenated conditions throughout the water column from September or October through the spring. Values of pH ranged from 7.5 to 9.0 and typically were largest near the surface and decreased with depth.</p><p>Dissolved-solids concentrations in the reservoir primarily are affected by dissolved solids in the inflow from the Arkansas River. Concentrations are largest during periods of decreased streamflows, September through April, and decrease with increasing streamflows in May through August. The median dissolved-solids concentration increased from 224 milligrams per liter at the inflow to 262 milligrams per liter at the outflow. However, a statistical analysis of dissolved solids indicated the apparent increase in dissolved-solids concentrations between the inflow and outflow was not significant. Calcium,&nbsp;sulfate, and bicarbonate are the major dissolved ions in Pueblo Reservoir.</p><p>Concentrations of the major nutrients, nitrogen and phosphorus, varied within the reservoir because of settling of particulate matter, uptake by phytoplankton near the reservoir surface, and releases from the reservoir bottom sediments. Phosphorus was indicated to be a potentially growth-limiting nutrient in the reservoir because of its relatively small concentrations. During 1986 and 1987, the reservoir retained about 35 percent (359 tons) of the total nitrogen load and about 83 percent (203 tons) of the total phosphorus load. Settling of particulate matter from the water column and uptake by phytoplankton are the major nutrient sinks in the reservoir.</p><p>Barium, iron, manganese, and zinc were the major trace elements in Pueblo Reservoir. Traceelement concentrations in the reservoir varied because of seasonality of trace-element concentrations in the Arkansas River, settling of particulate matter, and flux of trace elements from the bottom sediments. The aquatic-life standard in Pueblo Reservoir for total-recoverable iron (1,000 micrograms per liter) and the public water-supply standard for dissolved manganese (50 micrograms per liter) were exceeded on several occasions during the summer. Elevated concentrations of totalrecoverable iron and dissolved manganese in the Arkansas River during summer runoff contributed to exceedances in the upper part of the reservoir. Flux of manganese from the reservoir bottom sediments during periods of low or depleted dissolved-oxygen concentrations contributed to exceedances in the deeper, downstream parts of the reservoir. Concentrations of lead, mercury, and zinc were elevated in the reservoir bottom sediments and may be the result of metal-mine drainage in the upper Arkansas River Basin. </p><p>Median concentrations of total organic carbon ranged from 3.1 to 4.5 milligrams per liter in May through September and from 2.5 to 3.5 milligrams per liter in October through April. Totalorganic-carbon concentrations in the reservoir were largest in the summer when streamflows and total-organic-carbon concentrations are largest in the Arkansas River. Total-organic-carbon concentrations in the reservoir decrease downstream from the reservoir inflow because of settling of particulate organic carbon. </p><p>Levels of gross-alpha and gross-beta radioactivity generally were relatively low. In 7 of 31 samples collected, dissolved gross-alpha radioactivity, as natural uranium, exceeded 5 picocuries per liter, the level at which additional radiochemical analyses are recommended for drinking-water supplies. Potential sources of uranium in Pueblo Reservoir include weathering of exposed uranium ore deposits in the upper Arkansas River Basin and a uranium milling operation near Canon City.</p><p>Phytoplankton densities and biovolumes measured during the winter, spring, and fall generally were indicative of a small to moderate algal biomass. Phytoplankton production tended to be largest during the summer. During the summer, phytoplankton densities and biovolumes generally were indicative of a moderate to large algal biomass. However, excessive algal production and biomass periodically occurred during the spring, summer, and fall. Three species of phytoplankton that are specifically associated with taste-and-odor problems in drinking water were identified on several occasions in water samples collected from Pueblo Reservoir. </p><p>Reservoir operations and hydrodynamics can substantially affect processes that affect reservoir water quality. Stratification, underflow, and hypolimnetic withdrawals affect concentrations of dissolved solids, availability of nutrients, and concentrations of metals in the reservoir. Stratification impedes the mixing of epilimnetic and hypolimnetic waters, and the prevalent underflow that occurs during the summer results in a decrease in the potential dilution of inflowing river water with reservoir water. The underflow also decreases the maximum available nutrient load to the euphotic zone, which can, in turn, offset the maximum algal growth potential. Increased dissolved-solids, nutrient, and metal concentrations that occur in the hypolimnion during the summer are partially offset by hypolimnetic withdrawals.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944097","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pueblo Board of Water Works, Fountain Valley Authority, Southeastern Colorado Water Conservancy District, Pueblo West Metropolitan District, St. Charles Mesa Water District, and the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Lewis, M.E., and Edelmann, P., 1994, Physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of Pueblo Reservoir, Colorado, 1985-89: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4097, Report: v, 71 p.; 1 Plate: 19.28 x 15.51 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944097.","productDescription":"Report: v, 71 p.; 1 Plate: 19.28 x 15.51 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":57155,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4097/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4097/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":352735,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4097/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Pueblo Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.9,\n              38.22\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.64,\n              38.22\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.64,\n              38.32\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.9,\n              38.32\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.9,\n              38.22\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db68503b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, Michael E. mlewis@usgs.gov","contributorId":3849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"Michael","email":"mlewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":199643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edelmann, Patrick","contributorId":86305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edelmann","given":"Patrick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":21110,"text":"ofr94522 - 1994 - Estimated water use, by county, in North Carolina, 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T11:55:41","indexId":"ofr94522","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-522","title":"Estimated water use, by county, in North Carolina, 1990","docAbstract":"Data on water use in North Carolina were compiled for 1990 as part of a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Division of Water Resources of the North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources. Data were compiled from a number of Federal, State, and private sources for the offstream water-use categories of public supply, domestic, commercial, industrial, mining, livestock, irrigation, and thermoelectric-power generation. Data also were collected for instream use from hydroelectric facilities.\r\n\r\nTotal estimated offstream water use in the State for 1990 was about 8,940 million gallons per day. About 95 percent of the water withdrawn was from surface-water sources. Thermoelectric-power generation accounted for about 81 percent of all withdrawals. Data for instream water use for hydroelectric-power generation also were compiled. This instream water use totaled about 66,900 million gallons per day. eAch water-use category is summarized in this report by county and source of water supply.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS ESIC, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr94522","usgsCitation":"Terziotti, S., Schrader, T.P., and Treece, M., 1994, Estimated water use, by county, in North Carolina, 1990: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-522, iv, 102 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94522.","productDescription":"iv, 102 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":154091,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0522/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50699,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0522/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcbf5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Terziotti, Silvia 0000-0003-3559-5844 seterzio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3559-5844","contributorId":1613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terziotti","given":"Silvia","email":"seterzio@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":183858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schrader, Tony P. tpschrad@usgs.gov","contributorId":3027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schrader","given":"Tony","email":"tpschrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":183859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Treece, M.W.","contributorId":91134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Treece","given":"M.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":44731,"text":"wri944119 - 1994 - Bathymetric map of Coeur D'Alene Lake, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-13T14:08:59","indexId":"wri944119","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4119","title":"Bathymetric map of Coeur D'Alene Lake, Idaho","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey investigated nutrient and trace-element enrichment in Coeur d'Alene Lake, northern Idaho, during 1991-92.&nbsp; The objectives of the investigation were to characterize limnology, quantify hydrologic and nutrient budgets, and develop a nutrient-load/lake-response model.&nbsp; The model required bathymetric data to compute mass balances of water and nutrients within many depth layers in the lake.&nbsp; A review of historical bathymetric data for the lake (Funk and others, 1973; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1977; Milligan and others, 1983) revealed a need for contoured bathymetric data.&nbsp; Therefore, to augment past studies, the U.S. Geological Survey collected extensive bathymetric data and developed a bathymetric map of Coeur d'Alene Lake.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944119","usgsCitation":"Woods, P.F., and Berenbrock, C.E., 1994, Bathymetric map of Coeur D'Alene Lake, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4119, 26.35 x 38.02 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944119.","productDescription":"26.35 x 38.02 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361878,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4119/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":167920,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4119/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"48000","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Coeur D'alene Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.916667,47.370833 ], [ -118.916667,47.69 ], [ -118.666667,47.69 ], [ -118.666667,47.370833 ], [ -118.916667,47.370833 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640a2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woods, P. F.","contributorId":97509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woods","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berenbrock, Charles E. ceberenb@usgs.gov","contributorId":857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berenbrock","given":"Charles","email":"ceberenb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":230332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":19242,"text":"ofr94691 - 1994 - Analytical data for gold, silver, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc in samples of stream sediments from the Mogollon and Holt Mountain quadrangles, Catron County, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:31","indexId":"ofr94691","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-691","title":"Analytical data for gold, silver, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc in samples of stream sediments from the Mogollon and Holt Mountain quadrangles, Catron County, New Mexico","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr94691","usgsCitation":"Harms, T.F., 1994, Analytical data for gold, silver, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc in samples of stream sediments from the Mogollon and Holt Mountain quadrangles, Catron County, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-691, 12 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94691.","productDescription":"12 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152030,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0691/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48698,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0691/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acee4b07f02db67fe83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harms, Thelma F.","contributorId":57841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harms","given":"Thelma","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":17659,"text":"ofr94706 - 1994 - Seismic velocities and geologic logs from boreholes at three downhole arrays in San Francisco, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-12T01:01:50","indexId":"ofr94706","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-706","title":"Seismic velocities and geologic logs from boreholes at three downhole arrays in San Francisco, California","docAbstract":"The Loma Prieta earthquake of October 17, 1989 (1704 PST), has reinforced observations made by Wood and others (1908) after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, that poor ground conditions (soft soil) increase the likelihood of shaking damage to structures. Since 1908 many studies (for example Borcherdt, 1970, Borcherdt and Gibbs, 1976, Borcherdt and Glassmoyer, 1992) have shown that soft soils amplify seismic waves at frequencies that can be damaging to structures. Damage in the City of San Francisco from the Loma Prieta earthquake was concentrated in the Marina District, the Embarcadero, and the China Basin areas. Each of these areas, to some degree, is underlain by soft soil deposits. These concentrations of damage raise important questions regarding the amplification effects of such deposits at damaging levels of motion. Unfortunately, no strong-motion recordings were obtained in these areas during the Loma Prieta earthquake and only a limited number (< 10) have been obtained on other soft soil sites in the United States. Consequently, important questions exist regarding the response of such deposits during damaging earthquakes, especially questions regarding the nonlinear soil response. Towards developing a data set to address these important questions, borehole strong-motion arrays have been installed at three locations. These arrays consist of groups of wide-dynamic-range pore-pressure transducers and three-component accelerometers, the outputs of which are recorded digitally. The arrays are designed to provide an integrated set of data on ground shaking, liquifaction-induced ground failure, and structural response. This report describes the detailed geologic, seismic, and material-property determinations derived at each of these sites.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr94706","usgsCitation":"Gibbs, J., Fumal, T.E., Borcherdt, R.D., Warrick, R.E., Liu, H., and Westerlund, R.E., 1994, Seismic velocities and geologic logs from boreholes at three downhole arrays in San Francisco, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-706, ii, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94706.","productDescription":"ii, 40 p.","costCenters":[{"id":271,"text":"Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262846,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_94_706.gif"},{"id":257468,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0706/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.4,32.5 ], [ -124.4,42 ], [ -114.13333333333334,42 ], [ -114.13333333333334,32.5 ], [ -124.4,32.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fa9af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibbs, James F.","contributorId":95880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbs","given":"James F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fumal, Thomas E.","contributorId":67882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fumal","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":177329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Borcherdt, Roger D. 0000-0002-8668-0849 borcherdt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-0849","contributorId":2373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borcherdt","given":"Roger","email":"borcherdt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":177327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Warrick, Richard E.","contributorId":56228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrick","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liu, Hsi-Ping","contributorId":82705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Hsi-Ping","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Westerlund, Robert E.","contributorId":93324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westerlund","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":16902,"text":"ofr94465 - 1994 - Aquifer descriptions from the U.S. Geological Survey Regional Aquifer-System Analysis Program, 1978-1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-18T07:39:47","indexId":"ofr94465","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-465","title":"Aquifer descriptions from the U.S. Geological Survey Regional Aquifer-System Analysis Program, 1978-1993","docAbstract":"The Regional Aquifer-System Analysis Program of the U.S. Geological Survey began in 1978. The overall purpose of this program is to define the geologic, hydrologic, and geochemical framework of the Nation's most important aquifers and aquifer systems. This report summarizes the aquifer or aquifer system name, geographic area, rock units, equivalent names, lithology, thickness, hydrologic characteristics, water quality, water use, and references for 157 aquifers in 23 areas of the United States. A .zip file containing the aquifer data and data search programs (in compressed ASCII format) is included in the report.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr94465","collaboration":"With a section on Use of the Aquifer Database by Helen Doherty. The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Davidson, C.B., and Doherty, H., 1994, Aquifer descriptions from the U.S. Geological Survey Regional Aquifer-System Analysis Program, 1978-1993: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-465, iii, 22 p. :ill. ;28 cm. +1 computer disk (3 1/2 in.); ZIP Download of Database Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94465.","productDescription":"iii, 22 p. :ill. ;28 cm. +1 computer disk (3 1/2 in.); ZIP Download of Database Files","costCenters":[{"id":225,"text":"Earth Science Information Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":150297,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_94_465.gif"},{"id":258899,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0465/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":46010,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0465/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":277769,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0465/application.zip"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679f87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davidson, Claire B.","contributorId":38573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davidson","given":"Claire","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doherty, Helen","contributorId":88602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doherty","given":"Helen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":18546,"text":"ofr94487 - 1994 - Ground-water and precipitation data for South Carolina, 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T11:27:24","indexId":"ofr94487","displayToPublicDate":"1995-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-487","title":"Ground-water and precipitation data for South Carolina, 1990","docAbstract":"Continuous water-level data collected from 53 wells in South Carolina during 1990 provide the basic data for this report. Hydrographs are presented for selected wells to illustrate the effects that changes in ground-water recharge and artificial ground-water discharge have had on the ground-water reservoirs in the State. Daily mean water levels are listed in tables. Monthly mean water levels for 1990 and for the entire period of record at each monitoring well are depicted in hydrographs. Also included are precipitation records from ten National Weather Service stations in South Carolina.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr94487","usgsCitation":"Conrads, P., Jones, K.H., and Stringfield, W.J., 1994, Ground-water and precipitation data for South Carolina, 1990: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-487, vi, 137 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94487.","productDescription":"vi, 137 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":150856,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0487/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47895,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0487/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South 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