Suspended sediment in rivers and streams can play an important role in ecological health of rivers and estuaries and consequently is an important issue for water-resource managers. To better understand suspended-sediment loads and transport in a watershed, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the San Antonio River Authority, developed a Hydrological Simulation Program—FORTRAN model to simulate hydrologic conditions and suspended-sediment loads during 2000–12 for four watersheds, which comprise the overall study area in the San Antonio River Basin (hereinafter referred to as the “USGS–2014 model”). The study area consists of approximately 2,150 square miles encompassing parts of Bexar, Guadalupe, Wilson, Karnes, DeWitt, Goliad, Victoria, and Refugio Counties. The USGS–2014 model was calibrated for hydrology and suspended sediment for 2006–12. Overall, model-fit statistics and graphic evaluations from the calibration and testing periods provided multiple lines of evidence indicating that the USGS–2014 model simulations of hydrologic and suspended-sediment conditions were mostly “good” to “very good.” Model simulation results indicated that approximately 1,230 tons per day of suspended sediment exited the study area and were delivered to the Guadalupe River during 2006–12, of which approximately 62 percent originated upstream from the study area. Sample data and simulated model results indicate that most of the suspended-sediment load in the study area consisted of silt- and clay-sized particles (less than 0.0625 millimeters). The Cibolo Creek watershed was the largest contributor of suspended sediment from the study area. For the entire study area, open/developed land and cropland exhibited the highest simulated soil erosion rates; however, the largest contributions of sediment (by land-cover type) were pasture and forest/rangeland/shrubland, which together composed approximately 80 percent of the land cover of the study area and generated about 70 percent of the suspended-sediment load from the study area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145182","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Antonio River Authority","usgsCitation":"Banta, J., and Ockerman, D.J., 2014, Simulation of hydrologic conditions and suspended-sediment loads in the San Antonio River Basin downstream from San Antonio, Texas, 2000-12: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5182, v, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145182.","productDescription":"v, 46 p.","numberOfPages":"56","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2000-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-056710","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295842,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145182.jpg"},{"id":295821,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5182/"},{"id":295841,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5182/pdf/sir2014-5182.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"San Antonio","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5459eaa3e4b009f8aec97016","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banta, J. Ryan 0000-0002-2226-7270 jbanta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2226-7270","contributorId":4723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banta","given":"J. Ryan","email":"jbanta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":522917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ockerman, Darwin J. 0000-0003-1958-1688 ockerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1958-1688","contributorId":1579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ockerman","given":"Darwin","email":"ockerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":522918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70127487,"text":"ofr20141206 - 2014 - Low-head hydropower assessment of the Brazilian State of São Paulo","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T11:27:29","indexId":"ofr20141206","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-04T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1206","title":"Low-head hydropower assessment of the Brazilian State of São Paulo","docAbstract":"This study produced a comprehensive estimate of the magnitude of hydropower potential available in the streams that drain watersheds entirely within the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Because a large part of the contributing area is outside of São Paulo, the main stem of the Paraná River was excluded from the assessment. Potential head drops were calculated from the Digital Terrain Elevation Data,which has a 1-arc-second resolution (approximately 30-meter resolution at the equator). For the conditioning and validation of synthetic stream channels derived from the Digital Elevation Model datasets, hydrography data (in digital format) supplied by the São Paulo State Department of Energy and the Agência Nacional de Águas were used. Within the study area there were 1,424 rain gages and 123 streamgages with long-term data records. To estimate average yearly streamflow, a hydrologic regionalization system that divides the State into 21 homogeneous basins was used. Stream segments, upstream areas, and mean annual rainfall were estimated using geographic information systems techniques. The accuracy of the flows estimated with the regionalization models was validated. Overall, simulated streamflows were significantly correlated with the observed flows but with a consistent underestimation bias. When the annual mean flows from the regionalization models were adjusted upward by 10 percent, average streamflow estimation bias was reduced from -13 percent to -4 percent. The sum of all the validated stream reach mean annual hydropower potentials in the 21 basins is 7,000 megawatts (MW). Hydropower potential is mainly concentrated near the Serra do Mar mountain range and along the Tietê River. The power potential along the Tietê River is mainly at sites with medium and high potentials, sites where hydropower has already been harnessed. In addition to the annual mean hydropower estimates, potential hydropower estimates with flow rates with exceedance probabilities of 40 percent, 60 percent, and 90 percent were made.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141206","usgsCitation":"Artan, G.A., Cushing, W.M., Mathis, M.L., and Tieszen, L.L., 2014, Low-head hydropower assessment of the Brazilian State of São Paulo: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1206, v, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141206.","productDescription":"v, 15 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051675","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295835,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141206.jpg"},{"id":295834,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1206/pdf/ofr2014-1206.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":295766,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1206/"}],"country":"Brazil","city":"São Paulo","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5459eaa2e4b009f8aec96ffe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Artan, Guleid A. 0000-0001-8409-6182 gartan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8409-6182","contributorId":2938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Artan","given":"Guleid","email":"gartan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":521219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cushing, W. Matthew 0000-0001-5209-6006 mcushing@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5209-6006","contributorId":2980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cushing","given":"W.","email":"mcushing@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Matthew","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":521220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mathis, Melissa L. 0000-0003-4967-4770 mlmathis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4967-4770","contributorId":5461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathis","given":"Melissa","email":"mlmathis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":521221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tieszen, Larry L. tieszen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tieszen","given":"Larry","email":"tieszen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":521222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70138189,"text":"70138189 - 2014 - An objective and parsimonious approach for classifying natural flow regimes at a continental scale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-15T12:44:06","indexId":"70138189","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An objective and parsimonious approach for classifying natural flow regimes at a continental scale","docAbstract":"Hydro-ecological stream classification-the process of grouping streams by similar hydrologic responses and, by extension, similar aquatic habitat-has been widely accepted and is considered by some to be one of the first steps towards developing ecological flow targets. A new classification of 1543 streamgauges in the contiguous USA is presented by use of a novel and parsimonious approach to understand similarity in ecological streamflow response. This novel classification approach uses seven fundamental daily streamflow statistics (FDSS) rather than winnowing down an uncorrelated subset from 200 or more ecologically relevant streamflow statistics (ERSS) commonly used in hydro-ecological classification studies. The results of this investigation demonstrate that the distributions of 33 tested ERSS are consistently different among the classification groups derived from the seven FDSS. It is further shown that classification based solely on the 33 ERSS generally does a poorer job in grouping similar streamgauges than the classification based on the seven FDSS. This new classification approach has the additional advantages of overcoming some of the subjectivity associated with the selection of the classification variables and provides a set of robust continental-scale classes of US streamgauges. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","publisherLocation":"Chichester, West Sussex, UK","doi":"10.1002/rra.2710","collaboration":"USGS National Water Census","usgsCitation":"Archfield, S.A., Kennen, J., Carlisle, D.M., and Wolock, D.M., 2014, An objective and parsimonious approach for classifying natural flow regimes at a continental scale: River Research and Applications, v. 30, no. 9, p. 1166-1183, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.2710.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1166","endPage":"1183","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050605","costCenters":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297295,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297285,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/rra.2710/full"}],"volume":"30","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b30e4b08de9379b329e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Archfield, Stacey A. 0000-0002-9011-3871 sarch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-3871","contributorId":1874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archfield","given":"Stacey","email":"sarch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennen, Jonathan G. 0000-0002-5426-4445 jgkennen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5426-4445","contributorId":574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennen","given":"Jonathan G.","email":"jgkennen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carlisle, Daren M. 0000-0002-7367-348X dcarlisle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7367-348X","contributorId":513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlisle","given":"Daren","email":"dcarlisle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70188050,"text":"70188050 - 2014 - Understanding the hydrologic sources and sinks in the Nile Basin using multisource climate and remote sensing data sets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-30T15:10:08","indexId":"70188050","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Understanding the hydrologic sources and sinks in the Nile Basin using multisource climate and remote sensing data sets","docAbstract":"In this study, we integrated satellite-drived precipitation and modeled evapotranspiration data (2000–2012) to describe spatial variability of hydrologic sources and sinks in the Nile Basin. Over 2000–2012 period, 4 out of 11 countries (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda) in the Nile Basin showed a positive water balance while three downstream countries (South Sudan, Sudan, and Egypt) showed a negative balance. Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mass deviation in storage data analysis showed that at annual timescales, the Nile Basin storage change is substantial while over longer time periods, it is minimal (<1% of basin precipitation). We also used long-term gridded runoff and river discharge data (1869–1984) to understand the discrepancy in the observed and expected flow along the Nile River. The top three countries that contribute most to the flow are Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Kenya. The study revealed that ∼85% of the runoff generated in the equatorial region is lost in an interstation basin that includes the Sudd wetlands in South Sudan; this proportion is higher than the literature reported loss of 50% at the Sudd wetlands alone. The loss in runoff and flow volume at different sections of the river tend to be more than what can be explained by evaporation losses, suggesting a potential recharge to deeper aquifers that are not connected to the Nile channel systems. On the other hand, we also found that the expected average annual Nile flow at Aswan is greater (97 km3) than the reported amount (84 km3). Due to the large variations of the reported Nile flow at different locations and time periods, the study results indicate the need for increased hydrometeorological instrumentation of the basin. The study also helped improve our understanding of the spatial dynamics of water sources and sinks in the Nile Basin and identified emerging hydrologic questions that require further attention.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/2013WR015231","usgsCitation":"Senay, G., Velpuri, N.M., Bohms, S., Demissie, Y., and Gebremichael, M., 2014, Understanding the hydrologic sources and sinks in the Nile Basin using multisource climate and remote sensing data sets: Water Resources Research, v. 50, no. 11, p. 8625-8650, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013WR015231.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"8625","endPage":"8650","ipdsId":"IP-054002","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472662,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013wr015231","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341873,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Nile Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 23.818359375,\n -3.688855143147035\n ],\n [\n 37.6171875,\n -3.688855143147035\n ],\n [\n 37.6171875,\n 31.57853542647338\n ],\n [\n 23.818359375,\n 31.57853542647338\n ],\n [\n 23.818359375,\n -3.688855143147035\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592e84c0e4b092b266f10d6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":166812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Velpuri, Naga Manohar 0000-0002-6370-1926 nvelpuri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6370-1926","contributorId":166813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velpuri","given":"Naga","email":"nvelpuri@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Manohar","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bohms, Stefanie 0000-0002-2979-4655 sbohms@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2979-4655","contributorId":3148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohms","given":"Stefanie","email":"sbohms@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Demissie, Yonas","contributorId":192369,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Demissie","given":"Yonas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gebremichael, Mekonnen","contributorId":147882,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gebremichael","given":"Mekonnen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70188041,"text":"70188041 - 2014 - A suggestion for computing objective function in model calibration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-30T15:57:15","indexId":"70188041","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1457,"text":"Ecological Informatics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A suggestion for computing objective function in model calibration","docAbstract":"A parameter-optimization process (model calibration) is usually required for numerical model applications, which involves the use of an objective function to determine the model cost (model-data errors). The sum of square errors (SSR) has been widely adopted as the objective function in various optimization procedures. However, ‘square error’ calculation was found to be more sensitive to extreme or high values. Thus, we proposed that the sum of absolute errors (SAR) may be a better option than SSR for model calibration. To test this hypothesis, we used two case studies—a hydrological model calibration and a biogeochemical model calibration—to investigate the behavior of a group of potential objective functions: SSR, SAR, sum of squared relative deviation (SSRD), and sum of absolute relative deviation (SARD). Mathematical evaluation of model performance demonstrates that ‘absolute error’ (SAR and SARD) are superior to ‘square error’ (SSR and SSRD) in calculating objective function for model calibration, and SAR behaved the best (with the least error and highest efficiency). This study suggests that SSR might be overly used in real applications, and SAR may be a reasonable choice in common optimization implementations without emphasizing either high or low values (e.g., modeling for supporting resources management).
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoinf.2014.08.002","usgsCitation":"Wu, Y., and Liu, S., 2014, A suggestion for computing objective function in model calibration: Ecological Informatics, v. 24, p. 107-111, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2014.08.002.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"107","endPage":"111","ipdsId":"IP-058778","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472664,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2014.08.002","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341882,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592e84c2e4b092b266f10d75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wu, Yiping ywu@usgs.gov","contributorId":987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Yiping","email":"ywu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Shuguang 0000-0002-6027-3479 sliu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6027-3479","contributorId":147403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Shuguang","email":"sliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70150421,"text":"70150421 - 2014 - Environmental stressors afflicting tailwater stream reaches across the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-18T11:48:46","indexId":"70150421","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental stressors afflicting tailwater stream reaches across the United States","docAbstract":"The tailwater is the reach of a stream immediately below an impoundment that is hydrologically, physicochemically and biologically altered by the presence and operation of a dam. The overall goal of this study was to gain a nationwide awareness of the issues afflicting tailwater reaches in the United States. Specific objectives included the following: (i) estimate the percentage of reservoirs that support tailwater reaches with environmental conditions suitable for fish assemblages throughout the year, (ii) identify and quantify major sources of environmental stress in those tailwaters that do support fish assemblages and (iii) identify environmental features of tailwater reaches that determine prevalence of key fish taxa. Data were collected through an online survey of fishery managers. Relative to objective 1, 42% of the 1306 reservoirs included in this study had tailwater reaches with sufficient flow to support a fish assemblage throughout the year. The surface area of the reservoir and catchment most strongly delineated reservoirs maintaining tailwater reaches with or without sufficient flow to support a fish assemblage throughout the year. Relative to objective 2, major sources of environmental stress generally reflected flow variables, followed by water quality variables. Relative to objective 3, zoogeography was the primary factor discriminating fish taxa in tailwaters, followed by a wide range of flow and water quality variables. Results for objectives 1–3 varied greatly among nine geographic regions distributed throughout the continental United States. Our results provide a large-scale view of the effects of reservoirs on tailwater reaches and may help guide research and management needs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.2705","usgsCitation":"Miranda, L.E., and Krogman, R.M., 2014, Environmental stressors afflicting tailwater stream reaches across the United States: River Research and Applications, v. 30, no. 9, p. 1184-1194, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.2705.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1184","endPage":"1194","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044822","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":302317,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.76123046875,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -95.16357421875,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -95.16357421875,\n 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48.158757304569235\n ],\n [\n -123.145751953125,\n 48.17341248658084\n ],\n [\n -122.76123046875,\n 49.009050809382046\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"558bd4b6e4b0b6d21dd652f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miranda, Leandro E. 0000-0002-2138-7924 smiranda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2138-7924","contributorId":531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miranda","given":"Leandro","email":"smiranda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":556835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krogman, R. M.","contributorId":143706,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krogman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":556848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70156768,"text":"70156768 - 2014 - Estimates of natural salinity and hydrology in a subtropical estuarine ecosystem: implications for Greater Everglades restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-31T11:45:35","indexId":"70156768","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimates of natural salinity and hydrology in a subtropical estuarine ecosystem: implications for Greater Everglades restoration","docAbstract":"Disruption of the natural patterns of freshwater flow into estuarine ecosystems occurred in many locations around the world beginning in the twentieth century. To effectively restore these systems, establishing a pre-alteration perspective allows managers to develop science-based restoration targets for salinity and hydrology. This paper describes a process to develop targets based on natural hydrologic functions by coupling paleoecology and regression models using the subtropical Greater Everglades Ecosystem as an example. Paleoecological investigations characterize the circa 1900 CE (pre-alteration) salinity regime in Florida Bay based on molluscan remains in sediment cores. These paleosalinity estimates are converted into time series estimates of paleo-based salinity, stage, and flow using numeric and statistical models. Model outputs are weighted using the mean square error statistic and then combined. Results indicate that, in the absence of water management, salinity in Florida Bay would be about 3 to 9 salinity units lower than current conditions. To achieve this target, upstream freshwater levels must be about 0.25 m higher than indicated by recent observed data, with increased flow inputs to Florida Bay between 2.1 and 3.7 times existing flows. This flow deficit is comparable to the average volume of water currently being diverted from the Everglades ecosystem by water management. The products (paleo-based Florida Bay salinity and upstream hydrology) provide estimates of pre-alteration hydrology and salinity that represent target restoration conditions. This method can be applied to any estuarine ecosystem with available paleoecologic data and empirical and/or model-based hydrologic data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1007/s12237-014-9783-8","usgsCitation":"Marshall, F.E., Wingard, G.L., and Pitts, P.A., 2014, Estimates of natural salinity and hydrology in a subtropical estuarine ecosystem: implications for Greater Everglades restoration: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 37, no. 6, p. 1449-1466, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-014-9783-8.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1449","endPage":"1466","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-043059","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307723,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307638,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12237-014-9783-8"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Bay, Everglades National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.64215087890625,\n 25.107984454913446\n ],\n [\n -81.64215087890625,\n 25.91111496561543\n ],\n [\n -80.10406494140625,\n 25.91111496561543\n ],\n [\n -80.10406494140625,\n 25.107984454913446\n ],\n [\n -81.64215087890625,\n 25.107984454913446\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"37","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e57aade4b05561fa208690","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marshall, Frank E.","contributorId":88962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wingard, G. Lynn 0000-0002-3833-5207 lwingard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3833-5207","contributorId":605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wingard","given":"G.","email":"lwingard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lynn","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pitts, Patrick A.","contributorId":90118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitts","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70136365,"text":"70136365 - 2014 - Effects of distributed and centralized stormwater best management practices and land cover on urban stream hydrology at the catchment scale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-30T14:59:09","indexId":"70136365","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of distributed and centralized stormwater best management practices and land cover on urban stream hydrology at the catchment scale","docAbstract":"Urban stormwater runoff remains an important issue that causes local and regional-scale water quantity and quality issues. Stormwater best management practices (BMPs) have been widely used to mitigate runoff issues, traditionally in a centralized manner; however, problems associated with urban hydrology have remained. An emerging trend is implementation of BMPs in a distributed manner (multi-BMP treatment trains located on the landscape and integrated with urban design), but little catchment-scale performance of these systems have been reported to date. Here, stream hydrologic data (March, 2011–September, 2012) are evaluated in four catchments located in the Chesapeake Bay watershed: one utilizing distributed stormwater BMPs, two utilizing centralized stormwater BMPs, and a forested catchment serving as a reference. Among urban catchments with similar land cover, geology and BMP design standards (i.e. 100-year event), but contrasting placement of stormwater BMPs, distributed BMPs resulted in: significantly greater estimated baseflow, a higher minimum precipitation threshold for stream response and maximum discharge increases, better maximum discharge control for small precipitation events, and reduced runoff volume during an extreme (1000-year) precipitation event compared to centralized BMPs. For all catchments, greater forest land cover and less impervious cover appeared to be more important drivers than stormwater BMP spatial pattern, and caused lower total, stormflow, and baseflow runoff volume; lower maximum discharge during typical precipitation events; and lower runoff volume during an extreme precipitation event. Analysis of hydrologic field data in this study suggests that both the spatial distribution of stormwater BMPs and land cover are important for management of urban stormwater runoff. In particular, catchment-wide application of distributed BMPs improved stream hydrology compared to centralized BMPs, but not enough to fully replicate forested catchment stream hydrology. Integrated planning of stormwater management, protected riparian buffers and forest land cover with suburban development in the distributed-BMP catchment enabled multi-purpose use of land that provided esthetic value and green-space, community gathering points, and wildlife habitat in addition to hydrologic stormwater treatment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.07.007","usgsCitation":"Loperfido, J.V., Noe, G., Jarnagin, S.T., and Hogan, D.M., 2014, Effects of distributed and centralized stormwater best management practices and land cover on urban stream hydrology at the catchment scale: Journal of Hydrology, v. 519, no. Part C, p. 2584-2595, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.07.007.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"2584","endPage":"2595","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-038949","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296947,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"519","issue":"Part C","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b89e4b08de9379b33e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loperfido, John V. jloperfido@usgs.gov","contributorId":4324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loperfido","given":"John","email":"jloperfido@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noe, Gregory B. 0000-0002-6661-2646 gnoe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6661-2646","contributorId":2332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noe","given":"Gregory","email":"gnoe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jarnagin, S. Taylor","contributorId":131134,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jarnagin","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Taylor","affiliations":[{"id":7258,"text":"Landscape Ecology Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hogan, Dianna M. 0000-0003-1492-4514 dhogan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1492-4514","contributorId":2299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogan","given":"Dianna","email":"dhogan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70155250,"text":"70155250 - 2014 - A seasonal agricultural drought forecast system for food-insecure regions of East Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T11:29:02","indexId":"70155250","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1928,"text":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A seasonal agricultural drought forecast system for food-insecure regions of East Africa","docAbstract":" The increasing food and water demands of East Africa's growing population are stressing the region's inconsistent water resources and rain-fed agriculture. More accurate seasonal agricultural drought forecasts for this region can inform better water and agricultural management decisions, support optimal allocation of the region's water resources, and mitigate socio-economic losses incurred by droughts and floods. Here we describe the development and implementation of a seasonal agricultural drought forecast system for East Africa (EA) that provides decision support for the Famine Early Warning Systems Network's science team. We evaluate this forecast system for a region of equatorial EA (2° S to 8° N, and 36° to 46° E) for the March-April-May growing season. This domain encompasses one of the most food insecure, climatically variable and socio-economically vulnerable regions in EA, and potentially the world: this region has experienced famine as recently as 2011.
To assess the agricultural outlook for the upcoming season our forecast system simulates soil moisture (SM) scenarios using the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrologic model forced with climate scenarios for the upcoming season. First, to show that the VIC model is appropriate for this application we forced the model with high quality atmospheric observations and found that the resulting SM values were consistent with the Food and Agriculture Organization's (FAO's) Water Requirement Satisfaction Index (WRSI), an index used by FEWS NET to estimate crop yields. Next we tested our forecasting system with hindcast runs (1993–2012). We found that initializing SM forecasts with start-of-season (5 March) SM conditions resulted in useful SM forecast skill (> 0.5 correlation) at 1-month, and in some cases at 3 month lead times. Similarly, when the forecast was initialized with mid-season (i.e. 5 April) SM conditions the skill until the end-of-season improved. This shows that early-season rainfall is critical for end-of-season outcomes. Finally we show that, in terms of forecasting spatial patterns of SM anomalies, the skill of this agricultural drought forecast system is generally greater (> 0.8 correlation) during drought years. This means that this system might be particularity useful for identifying the events that present the greatest risk to the region.
The projection and analysis of the Pajaro Valley Hydrologic Model (PVHM) 34 years into the future using MODFLOW with the Farm Process (MF-FMP) facilitates assessment of potential future water availability. The projection is facilitated by the integrated hydrologic model, MF-FMP that fully couples the simulation of the use and movement of water from precipitation, streamflow, runoff, groundwater flow, and consumption by natural and agricultural vegetation throughout the hydrologic system at all times. MF-FMP allows for more complete analysis of conjunctive-use water-resource systems than previously possible with MODFLOW by combining relevant aspects of the landscape with the groundwater and surface-water components. This analysis is accomplished using distributed cell-by-cell supply-constrained and demand-driven components across the landscape within “water-balance subregions” (WBS) comprised of one or more model cells that can represent a single farm, a group of farms, watersheds, or other hydrologic or geopolitical entities. Analysis of conjunctive use would be difficult without embedding the fully coupled supply-and-demand into a fully coupled simulation, and are difficult to estimate a priori.
\nThe analysis of projected supply and demand for the Pajaro Valley indicate that the current water supply facilities constructed to provide alternative local sources of supplemental water to replace coastal groundwater pumpage, but may not completely eliminate additional overdraft. The simulation of the coastal distribution system (CDS) replicates: 20 miles of conveyance pipeline, managed aquifer recharge and recovery (MARR) system that captures local runoff, and recycled-water treatment facility (RWF) from urban wastewater, along with the use of other blend water supplies, provide partial relief and substitution for coastal pumpage (aka in-lieu recharge). The effects of these Basin Management Plan (BMP) projects were analyzed subject to historical climate variations and assumptions of 2009 urban water demand and land use. Water supplied directly from precipitation, and indirectly from reuse, captured local runoff, and groundwater is necessary but inadequate to satisfy agricultural demand without coastal and regional storage depletion that facilitates seawater intrusion. These facilities reduce potential seawater intrusion by about 45% with groundwater levels in the four regions served by the CDS projected to recover to levels a few feet above sea level. The projected recoveries are not high enough to prevent additional seawater intrusion during dry-year periods or in the deeper aquifers where pumpage is greater. While these facilities could reduce coastal pumpage by about 55% of the historical 2000–2009 pumpage for these regions, and some of the water is delivered in excess of demand, other coastal regions continue to create demands on coastal pumpage that will need to be replaced to reduce seawater intrusion. In addition, inland urban and agricultural demands continue to sustain water levels below sea level causing regional landward gradients that also drive seawater intrusion. Seawater intrusion is reduced by about 45% but it supplies about 55% of the recovery of groundwater levels in the coastal regions served by the CDS. If economically feasible, water from summer agricultural runoff and tile-drain returnflows could be another potential local source of water that, if captured and reused, could offset the imbalance between supply and demand as well as reducing discharge of agricultural runoff into the National Marine Sanctuary of Monterey Bay. A BMP update (2012) identifies projects and programs that will fund a conservation program and will provide additional, alternative water sources to reduce or replace coastal and inland pumpage, and to replenish the aquifers with managed aquifer recharge in an inland portion of the Pajaro Valley.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.07.005","usgsCitation":"Hanson, R.T., Lockwood, B., and Schmid, W., 2014, Analysis of projected water availability with current basin management plan, Pajaro Valley, California: Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, v. 519, no. A, p. 131-147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.07.005.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"147","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-041544","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299982,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Pajaro Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.84112548828125,\n 36.797739040981085\n ],\n [\n -121.84112548828125,\n 36.89005557519409\n ],\n [\n -121.70654296874999,\n 36.89005557519409\n ],\n [\n -121.70654296874999,\n 36.797739040981085\n ],\n [\n -121.84112548828125,\n 36.797739040981085\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"519","issue":"A","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55435229e4b0a658d794149f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanson, Randall T. 0000-0002-9819-7141 rthanson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9819-7141","contributorId":801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Randall","email":"rthanson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lockwood, Brian","contributorId":80202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockwood","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmid, Wolfgang","contributorId":84020,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmid","given":"Wolfgang","affiliations":[{"id":13040,"text":"Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70155249,"text":"70155249 - 2014 - Predicting East African spring droughts using Pacific and Indian Ocean sea surface temperature indices","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T11:29:34","indexId":"70155249","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1928,"text":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting East African spring droughts using Pacific and Indian Ocean sea surface temperature indices","docAbstract":"In southern Ethiopia, Eastern Kenya, and southern Somalia poor boreal spring rains in 1999, 2000, 2004, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2011 contributed to severe food insecurity and high levels of malnutrition. Predicting rainfall deficits in this region on seasonal and decadal time frames can help decision makers support disaster risk reduction while guiding climate-smart adaptation and agricultural development. Building on recent research that links more frequent droughts to a stronger Walker Circulation, warming in the Indo-Pacific warm pool, and an increased western Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) gradient, we explore the dominant modes of East African rainfall variability, links between these modes and sea surface temperatures, and a simple index-based monitoring-prediction system suitable for drought early warning.
","language":"English","publisher":"EGU","doi":"10.5194/hessd-11-3111-2014","collaboration":"Andrew Hoell; Shraddhanand Shukla; Ileana Blade Mendoza; Brant Liebmann; Jason B. Roberts; Franklin R. Robertson; Gregory Husak","usgsCitation":"Funk, C.C., Hoell, A., Shukla, S., Blade, I., Liebmann, B., Roberts, J., and Robertson, F.R., 2014, Predicting East African spring droughts using Pacific and Indian Ocean sea surface temperature indices: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, v. 11, p. 3111-3136, https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-3111-2014.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"3111","endPage":"3136","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055482","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472670,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-3111-2014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306849,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d45733e4b0518e354694e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Funk, Christopher C. 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Christopher","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":565359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoell, Andrew","contributorId":145805,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoell","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":16236,"text":"UCSB Climate Hazards Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shukla, Shraddhanand","contributorId":145802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shukla","given":"Shraddhanand","affiliations":[{"id":16236,"text":"UCSB Climate Hazards Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blade, Ileana","contributorId":145806,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blade","given":"Ileana","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16237,"text":"Institut Catala de Ciencies del Clima","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liebmann, Brant","contributorId":145807,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liebmann","given":"Brant","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16238,"text":"NOAA Earth Systems Research Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roberts, Jason B.","contributorId":145808,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roberts","given":"Jason B.","affiliations":[{"id":16239,"text":"NASA Marshall Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Robertson, Franklin R.","contributorId":145809,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robertson","given":"Franklin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":16239,"text":"NASA Marshall Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70122403,"text":"sir20145149 - 2014 - Aquifers of Arkansas: protection, management, and hydrologic and geochemical characteristics of groundwater resources in Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-09T09:29:28","indexId":"sir20145149","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-31T15:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5149","title":"Aquifers of Arkansas: protection, management, and hydrologic and geochemical characteristics of groundwater resources in Arkansas","docAbstract":"Sixteen aquifers in Arkansas that currently serve or have served as sources of water supply are described with respect to existing groundwater protection and management programs, geology, hydrologic characteristics, water use, water levels, deductive analysis, projections of hydrologic conditions, and water quality. State and Federal protection and management programs are described according to regulatory oversight, management strategies, and ambient groundwater-monitoring programs that currently (2013) are in place for assessing and protecting groundwater resources throughout the State.
\n\n
Physical attributes, groundwater geochemistry, and groundwater quality are described for each of the 16 aquifers of the State. Information in regard to the hydrology and geochemistry of each of the aquifers is summarized from about 550 historical and recent publications. Additionally, more than 8,000 sites with groundwater-quality data were obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System and the Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality databases and entered into a spatial database to investigate distribution and trends in chemical constituents for each of the aquifers.
\n\n
The 16 aquifers of the State were divided into two major physiographic regions of the State: the Coastal Plain Province (referred to as Coastal Plain) of eastern and southern Arkansas, which includes 11 of the 16 aquifers, and the Interior Highlands Division (referred to as Interior Highlands) of western Arkansas, which includes the remaining 5 aquifers. The 11 aquifers in the Coastal Plain consist of various geologic units that are Cenozoic in age and consist primarily of Cretaceous, Tertiary, and Quaternary sands, gravels, silts, and clays. Groundwater in the Coastal Plain represents one of the most valuable natural resources in the State, driving the economic engines of agriculture, while also supplying abundant water for commercial, industrial, and public-supply use. In terms of age from youngest to oldest, the aquifers of the Coastal Plain include Quaternary alluvial aquifers, including the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer (the most important aquifer in Arkansas in terms of volume of use and economic benefits), the Jackson Group (a regional confining unit that served for decades as an important source of domestic supply), and the Cockfield, Sparta, Cane River, Carrizo, Wilcox, Nacatoch, Ozan, Tokio, and Trinity aquifers. The Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer accounts for approximately 94 percent of all groundwater used in the State, and the aquifer is used primarily for irrigation purposes. The Sparta aquifer is the second most important aquifer in terms of use, and the aquifer was used in the past dominantly as a source of public and industrial supply, although increasing irrigation use is occurring because of critically declining water levels in the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer. Other aquifers of the Coastal Plain generally are used as important local sources of domestic, industrial, and public supply, in addition to other minor uses. Water quality generally is good for all aquifers of the Coastal Plain, except for elevated iron concentrations and localized areas of high salinity. The high salinity results from intrusion from underlying formations, evapotranspiration processes in areas of low recharge, and inadequate flushing in downgradient areas of residual salinity from deposition in marine environments. Trends in the spatial distribution of individual chemical constituents are related to position along the flow path for most aquifers of the Coastal Plain. These trends include elevated iron and nitrate concentrations with lower pH values and dissolved solids in groundwater from the outcrop areas, transitioning to lower iron and nitrate (related to changes in redox) and higher pH and dissolved solids (dominantly from the dissolution of carbonate minerals) in groundwater downgradient from outcrop areas. Groundwater generally trended from a calcium- to a sodium-bicarbonate water type with increasing cation exchange along the flow path.
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The Interior Highlands of western Arkansas has less reported groundwater use than other areas of the State, reflecting a combination of factors. These factors include prevalent and increasing use of surface water, less intensive agricultural uses, lower population and industry densities, lesser potential yield of the resource, and lack of detailed reporting. The overall low yields of aquifers of the Interior Highlands result in domestic supply as the dominant use, with minor industrial, public, and commercial-supply use. Where greater volumes are required for growth of population and industry, surface water is the greatest supplier of water needs in the Interior Highlands. The various aquifers of the Interior Highlands generally occur in shallow, fractured, well-indurated, structurally modified bedrock of this mountainous region of the State, as compared to the relatively flat-lying, unconsolidated sediments of the Coastal Plain. In terms of age from youngest to oldest, the aquifers of the Interior Highlands include: the Arkansas River Valley alluvial aquifer, the Ouachita Mountains aquifer, the Western Interior Plains confining system, the Springfield Plateau aquifer, and the Ozark aquifer. Spatial trends in groundwater geochemistry in the Interior Highlands differ greatly from trends noted for aquifers of the Coastal Plain. In the Coastal Plain, the prevalence of long regional flow paths results in regionally predictable and mappable geochemical changes along the flow paths. In the Interior Highlands, short, topographically controlled flow paths (from hilltops to valleys) within small watersheds represent the predominant groundwater-flow system. As such, dense data coverage from numerous wells would be required to effectively characterize these groundwater basins and define small-scale geochemical changes along any given flow path for aquifers of the Interior Highlands. Changes in geochemistry generally were related to rock type and residence time along individual flow paths. Dominant changes in geochemistry for the Ouachita Mountains aquifer and the Western Interior Plains confining system are attributed to rock/water interaction and changes in redox zonation along the flow path. In these areas, groundwater evolves along flow paths from a calcium- to a sodium-bicarbonate water type with increasing reducing conditions resulting in denitrification, elevated iron and manganese concentrations, and production of methane in the more geochemically evolved and strongest reducing conditions. In the Ozark and Springfield Plateau aquifers, rapid influx of surface-derived contaminants, especially nitrogen, coupled with few to no attenuation processes was attributed to the karst landscape developed on Mississippian- and Ordovician-age carbonate rocks of the Ozark Plateaus. Increasing nitrate concentrations are related to increasing agricultural land use, and areas of mature karst development result in higher nitrate concentrations than areas with less karst features.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145149","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arkansas Natural Resources Commission","usgsCitation":"Kresse, T.M., Hays, P.D., Merriman, K.R., Gillip, J.A., Fugitt, D., Spellman, J.L., Nottmeier, A.M., Westerman, D.A., Blackstock, J.M., and Battreal, J.L., 2014, Aquifers of Arkansas: protection, management, and hydrologic and geochemical characteristics of groundwater resources in Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5149, Report: xxi, 334 p.; Report pages 1-111; Report pages 112-221; Report pages 222-235, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145149.","productDescription":"Report: xxi, 334 p.; Report pages 1-111; Report pages 112-221; Report pages 222-235","numberOfPages":"360","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-054912","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science 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kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report Front Matter","linkHelpText":"Report Front Matter"},{"id":295814,"rank":4,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5149/pdf/sir2014-5149_Abstract.pdf","text":"Abstract through the Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer","size":"20.2 MB","description":"Report pages 1-111","linkHelpText":"Report pages 1-111"},{"id":295815,"rank":5,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5149/pdf/sir2014-5149_MinorAlluvial.pdf","text":"Minor Alluvial Aquifers in Coastal Plain through the Trinity Aquifer","size":"23.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report pages 112-249","linkHelpText":"Report pages 112-249"},{"id":295783,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5149/"},{"id":295812,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5149/pdf/sir2014-5149.pdf","size":"54.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkasas","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"545c9bb2e4b0ba8303f709a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kresse, Timothy M. 0000-0003-1035-0672 tkresse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1035-0672","contributorId":2758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kresse","given":"Timothy","email":"tkresse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":522842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hays, Phillip D. 0000-0001-5491-9272 pdhays@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5491-9272","contributorId":4145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hays","given":"Phillip","email":"pdhays@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":522843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Merriman, Katherine R. 0000-0002-1303-2410 kmerriman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1303-2410","contributorId":4973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merriman","given":"Katherine","email":"kmerriman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":522844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gillip, Jonathan A. jgillip@usgs.gov","contributorId":3222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillip","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgillip@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":522845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fugitt, D. Todd","contributorId":127005,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fugitt","given":"D. Todd","affiliations":[{"id":6759,"text":"Arkansas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":522846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Spellman, Jane L.","contributorId":127006,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spellman","given":"Jane","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6760,"text":"FTN Associates, Ltd","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":522847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nottmeier, Anna M. 0000-0002-0205-0955 anottmeier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0205-0955","contributorId":5283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nottmeier","given":"Anna","email":"anottmeier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":522848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Westerman, Drew A. 0000-0002-8522-776X dawester@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8522-776X","contributorId":4526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westerman","given":"Drew","email":"dawester@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":522849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Blackstock, Joshua M. jblackst@usgs.gov","contributorId":5553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackstock","given":"Joshua","email":"jblackst@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":522850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Battreal, James L.","contributorId":127019,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Battreal","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6759,"text":"Arkansas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":522898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70122361,"text":"sir20145166 - 2014 - Groundwater-flow and land-subsidence model of Antelope Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-31T15:21:38","indexId":"sir20145166","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-31T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5166","title":"Groundwater-flow and land-subsidence model of Antelope Valley, California","docAbstract":"Antelope Valley, California, is a topographically closed basin in the western part of the Mojave Desert, about 50 miles northeast of Los Angeles. The Antelope Valley groundwater basin is about 940 square miles and is separated from the northern part of Antelope Valley by faults and low-lying hills. Prior to 1972, groundwater provided more than 90 percent of the total water supply in the valley; since 1972, it has provided between 50 and 90 percent. Most groundwater pumping in the valley occurs in the Antelope Valley groundwater basin, which includes the rapidly growing cities of Lancaster and Palmdale. Groundwater-level declines of more than 270 feet in some parts of the groundwater basin have resulted in an increase in pumping lifts, reduced well efficiency, and land subsidence of more than 6 feet in some areas. Future urban growth and limits on the supply of imported water may increase reliance on groundwater.
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In 2011, the Los Angeles County Superior Court of California ruled that the Antelope Valley groundwater basin is in overdraft—groundwater extractions are in excess of the Court-defined safe yield of the groundwater basin. The Court determined that the safe yield of the adjudicated area of the basin was 110,000 acre-feet per year (acre-ft/yr). Natural recharge is an important component of total groundwater recharge in Antelope Valley; however, the exact quantity and distribution of natural recharge, primarily in the form of mountain-front recharge, is uncertain, with total estimates ranging from 30,000 to 160,000 acre-ft/yr. Technical experts, retained by parties to the adjudication, used 60,000 acre-ft/yr to estimate the sustainable yield of the basin, and this value was used in this study. In order to better understand the uncertainty associated with natural recharge and to provide a tool to aid in groundwater management, a numerical model of groundwater flow and land subsidence in the Antelope Valley groundwater basin was developed using old and new geohydrologic information.
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The groundwater-flow system consists of three aquifers: the upper, middle, and lower aquifers. The three aquifers, which were identified on the basis of the hydrologic properties, age, and depth of the unconsolidated deposits, consist of gravel, sand, silt, and clay alluvial deposits and clay and silty clay lacustrine deposits. Prior to groundwater development in the valley, recharge was primarily the infiltration of runoff from the surrounding mountains. Groundwater flowed from the recharge areas to discharge areas around the playas where it discharged from the aquifer system as either evapotranspiration or from springs. Partial barriers to horizontal groundwater flow, such as faults, have been identified in the groundwater basin. Water-level declines owing to groundwater development have eliminated the natural sources of discharge, and pumping for agricultural and urban uses have become the primary source of discharge from the groundwater system. Infiltration of return flow from agricultural irrigation has become an important source of recharge to the aquifer system.
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The groundwater-flow model of the basin was discretized horizontally into a grid of 130 rows and 118 columns of square cells 1 kilometer (0.621 mile) on a side, and vertically into four layers representing the upper (two layers), middle (one layer), and lower (one layer) aquifers. Faults that were thought to act as horizontal-flow barriers were simulated in the model. The model was calibrated to simulate steady-state conditions, represented by 1915 water levels and transient-state conditions during 1915–95, by using water-level and subsidence data. Initial estimates of the aquifer-system properties and stresses were obtained from a previously published numerical model of the Antelope Valley groundwater basin; estimates also were obtained from recently collected hydrologic data and from results of simulations of groundwater-flow and land-subsidence models of the Edwards Air Force Base area. Some of these initial estimates were modified during model calibration. Groundwater pumpage for agriculture was estimated on the basis of irrigated crop acreage and crop consumptive-use data. Pumpage for public supply, which is metered, was compiled and entered into a database used for this study. Estimated annual agricultural pumpage peaked at 395,000 acre-feet (acre-ft) in 1951 and then declined because of declining agricultural production. Recharge from irrigation return flows was assumed to be 30 percent of agricultural pumpage; delays associated with return flow moving through the unsaturated zone were also simulated. The annual quantity of mountain-front recharge initially was based on estimates from previous studies. The model was calibrated using the PEST software suite; prior information from the area was incorporated through the use of Tikhonov regularization. During model calibration, the estimated mountain-front recharge was reduced from the previous estimate of 30,300 acre-ft/yr to 29,150 acre-ft/yr.
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Results of the simulations using the calibrated model indicate that simulated groundwater pumpage exceeded recharge in most years, resulting in an estimated cumulative depletion in groundwater storage of 8,700,000 acre-ft during the transient-simulation period (1915–2005). About 15,000,000 acre-ft of cumulative groundwater pumpage was simulated during the transient-simulation period (1915–2005), reaching a maximum rate of about 400,000 acre-ft/yr in 1951. Groundwater pumpage resulted in simulated hydraulic heads declining by more than 150 feet (ft) compared to 1915 conditions in agricultural areas. The decline in hydraulic head in the groundwater basin is the result of this depletion of groundwater storage. In turn, the simulated decline in hydraulic head in the groundwater basin has resulted in the decrease in natural discharge from the basin and has caused compaction of aquitards, resulting in land subsidence. The areal distribution of total simulated land subsidence for 2005, after about 90 years of groundwater development, indicates that land subsidence occurred throughout almost the entire Lancaster subbasin, with a maximum of about 9.4 ft in the central and eastern parts of the subbasin.
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An important objective of this study was to systematically address the uncertainty in estimates of natural recharge and related aquifer parameters by using the groundwater-flow and land-subsidence model with observational data and expert knowledge. After the model was calibrated to the observations and a reasonable parameter set obtained, the parameter null space—parameter values that do not appreciably affect the model calibration but may have importance for prediction—was identified. The effect of parameter uncertainty on the estimation of mountain-front recharge was addressed using the Null-Space Monte Carlo method. The Pareto trade-off method of visualizing uncertainty was also used to portray the reasonableness of larger natural-recharge rates. Results indicate that the total mountain-front recharge likely ranges between 28,000 and 44,000 acre-ft/yr, which is appreciably less than published estimates of 60,000 acre-ft/yr. Additionally, expected errors associated with agricultural pumpage estimates used in this study were found to have relatively little effect on the estimates of mountain-front recharge, reflecting the difficulty in increasing recharge through manipulation of other components of the water budget.
\n\n
The calibrated model was used to simulate the response of the aquifer to potential future pumping scenarios: (1) no change in the distribution of pumpage, or status quo; (2) redistribution of pumpage; and (3) artificial recharge. All three of these scenarios specify a total pumpage throughout the Antelope Valley of 110,000 acre-ft/yr according to the safe yield value ruled by the Los Angeles County Superior Court of California. This reduction in groundwater pumpage is assumed uniform throughout the basin, based on a 10-percent reduction of the total pumpage in 2005 to achieve the 110,000 acre-ft/yr level. The calibrated Antelope Valley groundwater-flow and land-subsidence model was used to simulate the hydrologic effects of the three groundwater-management scenarios during a 50-year period by using the reduced, temporally constant, pumpage distribution.
\n\n
Results from the first scenario indicated that the total drawdown observed since predevelopment would continue, with values exceeding 325 ft near Palmdale; consequently, land subsidence would also continue, with additional subsidence (since 2005) exceeding 3 ft in the central part of the Lancaster subbasin. The second scenario evaluated redistributing pumpage from areas in the Lancaster subbasin where simulated hydraulic-head declines were the greatest to areas where declines were smallest. Neither a formal optimization algorithm nor water-rights allocations were considered when redistributing the pumpage. Results indicated that hydraulic heads near Palmdale, where the pumpage was reduced, would recover by about 200 ft compared to 2005 conditions, with only 30 ft of additional drawdown in the northwestern part of the Lancaster subbasin, where the pumpage was increased. The magnitude of the simulated additional land subsidence decreased slightly compared to the first, status quo, scenario but land subsidence continued to be simulated throughout most of the northern part of the Lancaster subbasin. The third scenario consisted of two artificial-recharge simulations along the Upper Amargosa Creek channel and at a site located north of Antelope Buttes. Results indicate that applying artificial recharge at these sites would yield continued drawdowns and associated land subsidence. However, the magnitudes of drawdown and subsidence would be smaller than those simulated in the status quo scenario, indicating that artificial-recharge operations in the Antelope Valley could be expected to reduce the magnitude and extent of continued water-level declines and associated land subsidence.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145166","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Los Angeles County Department of Public Works, Antelope Valley-East Kern Water Agency, Palmdale Water District, and Edwards Air Force Base","usgsCitation":"Siade, A.J., Nishikawa, T., Rewis, D.L., Martin, P., and Phillips, S.P., 2014, Groundwater-flow and land-subsidence model of Antelope Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5166, Report: xiv, 138 p.; 5 Appendix Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145166.","productDescription":"Report: xiv, 138 p.; 5 Appendix Tables","numberOfPages":"154","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-023623","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295810,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145166.jpg"},{"id":295798,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5166/pdf/sir2014-5166.pdf","size":"13.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":295799,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5166/downloads/sir2014-5166_appendix_2_table_1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2 Table 1","size":"1.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":295800,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5166/downloads/sir2014-5166_appendix_3_table_1_and_2.xlsx","text":"Appendix 3 Tables 1 and 2","size":"259 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":295801,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5166/downloads/sir2014-5166_appendix_4_table_1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 4 Table 1","size":"222 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":295802,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5166/downloads/sir2014-5166_appendix_7_table_1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 7 Table 1","size":"238 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":295803,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5166/downloads/sir2014-5166_appendixtables.xlsx","text":"Appendix Tables","size":"1.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":295777,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5166/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Antelope Valley","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5454968ee4b0dc7793747c72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Siade, Adam J. asiade@usgs.gov","contributorId":1533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siade","given":"Adam","email":"asiade@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":522821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nishikawa, Tracy 0000-0002-7348-3838 tnish@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7348-3838","contributorId":1515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishikawa","given":"Tracy","email":"tnish@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":522824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rewis, Diane L. dlrewis@usgs.gov","contributorId":1511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rewis","given":"Diane","email":"dlrewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":522822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martin, Peter pmmartin@usgs.gov","contributorId":799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Peter","email":"pmmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":522823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Phillips, Steven P. 0000-0002-5107-868X sphillip@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5107-868X","contributorId":1506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Steven","email":"sphillip@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":522879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70131481,"text":"70131481 - 2014 - Dual-domain mass-transfer parameters from electrical hysteresis: Theory and analytical approach applied to laboratory, synthetic streambed, and groundwater experiments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-05T11:58:18.201575","indexId":"70131481","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dual-domain mass-transfer parameters from electrical hysteresis: Theory and analytical approach applied to laboratory, synthetic streambed, and groundwater experiments","docAbstract":"Models of dual‐domain mass transfer (DDMT) are used to explain anomalous aquifer transport behavior such as the slow release of contamination and solute tracer tailing. Traditional tracer experiments to characterize DDMT are performed at the flow path scale (meters), which inherently incorporates heterogeneous exchange processes; hence, estimated “effective” parameters are sensitive to experimental design (i.e., duration and injection velocity). Recently, electrical geophysical methods have been used to aid in the inference of DDMT parameters because, unlike traditional fluid sampling, electrical methods can directly sense less‐mobile solute dynamics and can target specific points along subsurface flow paths. Here we propose an analytical framework for graphical parameter inference based on a simple petrophysical model explaining the hysteretic relation between measurements of bulk and fluid conductivity arising in the presence of DDMT at the local scale. Analysis is graphical and involves visual inspection of hysteresis patterns to (1) determine the size of paired mobile and less‐mobile porosities and (2) identify the exchange rate coefficient through simple curve fitting. We demonstrate the approach using laboratory column experimental data, synthetic streambed experimental data, and field tracer‐test data. Results from the analytical approach compare favorably with results from calibration of numerical models and also independent measurements of mobile and less‐mobile porosity. We show that localized electrical hysteresis patterns resulting from diffusive exchange are independent of injection velocity, indicating that repeatable parameters can be extracted under varied experimental designs, and these parameters represent the true intrinsic properties of specific volumes of porous media of aquifers and hyporheic zones.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2014WR015880","usgsCitation":"Briggs, M.A., Day-Lewis, F.D., Ong, J.B., Harvey, J.W., and Lane, J.W., 2014, Dual-domain mass-transfer parameters from electrical hysteresis: Theory and analytical approach applied to laboratory, synthetic streambed, and groundwater experiments: Water Resources Research, v. 50, no. 10, p. 8281-8299, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR015880.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"8281","endPage":"8299","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059884","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472679,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014wr015880","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296079,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5465d632e4b04d4b7dbd65c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Briggs, Martin A. 0000-0003-3206-4132 mbriggs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3206-4132","contributorId":4114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Martin","email":"mbriggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":521236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Day-Lewis, Frederick D. 0000-0003-3526-886X daylewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":1672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"Frederick","email":"daylewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":521237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ong, John B. jbong@usgs.gov","contributorId":5190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ong","given":"John","email":"jbong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":521238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harvey, Judson W. 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":1796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":521239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. jwlane@usgs.gov","contributorId":1738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jwlane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":521240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70129605,"text":"70129605 - 2014 - Measurements of HFC-134a and HCFC-22 in groundwater and unsaturated-zone air: implications for HFCs and HCFCs as dating tracers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T16:12:11","indexId":"70129605","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-24T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measurements of HFC-134a and HCFC-22 in groundwater and unsaturated-zone air: implications for HFCs and HCFCs as dating tracers","docAbstract":"A new analytical method using gas chromatography with an atomic emission detector (GC–AED) was developed for measurement of ambient concentrations of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) in soil, air, and groundwater, with the goal of determining their utility as groundwater age tracers. The analytical detection limits of HCFC-22 (difluorochloromethane, CHClF2) and HFC-134a (1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, C2H2F4) in 1 L groundwater samples are 4.3 × 10− 1 and 2.1 × 10− 1 pmol kg− 1, respectively, corresponding to equilibrium gas-phase mixing ratios of approximately 5–6 parts per trillion by volume (pptv). Under optimal conditions, post-1960 (HCFC-22) and post-1995 (HFC-134a) recharge could be identified using these tracers in stable, unmixed groundwater samples. Ambient concentrations of HCFC-22 and HFC-134a were measured in 50 groundwater samples from 27 locations in northern and western parts of Virginia, Tennessee, and North Carolina (USA), and 3 unsaturated-zone profiles were collected in northern Virginia. Mixing ratios of both HCFC-22 and HFC-134a decrease with depth in unsaturated-zone gas profiles with an accompanying increase in CO2 and loss of O2. Apparently, ambient concentrations of HCFC-22 and HFC-134a are readily consumed by methanotrophic bacteria under aerobic conditions in the unsaturated zone. The results of this study indicate that soils are a sink for these two greenhouse gases. These observations contradict the previously reported results from microcosm experiments that found that degradation was limited above-ambient HFC-134a. The groundwater HFC and HCFC concentrations were compared with concentrations of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs, CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). Nearly all samples had measured HCFC-22 or HFC-134a that were below concentrations predicted by the CFCs and SF6, with many samples showing a complete loss of HCFC-22 and HFC-134a. This study indicates that HCFC-22 and HFC-134a are not conservative as environmental tracers and leaves in question the usefulness of other HCFCs and HFCs as candidate age tracers.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.07.016","usgsCitation":"Haase, K.B., Busenberg, E., Plummer, N., Casile, G., and Sanford, W.E., 2014, Measurements of HFC-134a and HCFC-22 in groundwater and unsaturated-zone air: implications for HFCs and HCFCs as dating tracers: Chemical Geology, v. 385, p. 117-128, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.07.016.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"128","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-058125","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295711,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295703,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.07.016"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia","volume":"385","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544b5c05e4b03653c63fb1ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haase, Karl B. 0000-0002-6897-6494 khaase@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6897-6494","contributorId":3405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haase","given":"Karl","email":"khaase@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Busenberg, Eurybiades ebusenbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"Eurybiades","email":"ebusenbe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Casile, Gerolamo","contributorId":69494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casile","given":"Gerolamo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sanford, Ward E. 0000-0002-6624-0280 wsanford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":2268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"Ward","email":"wsanford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70131477,"text":"70131477 - 2014 - Hyporheic flow and transport processes: mechanisms, models, and biogeochemical implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-02T14:38:01","indexId":"70131477","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3283,"text":"Reviews of Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hyporheic flow and transport processes: mechanisms, models, and biogeochemical implications","docAbstract":"Fifty years of hyporheic zone research have shown the important role played by the hyporheic zone as an interface between groundwater and surface waters. However, it is only in the last two decades that what began as an empirical science has become a mechanistic science devoted to modeling studies of the complex fluid dynamical and biogeochemical mechanisms occurring in the hyporheic zone. These efforts have led to the picture of surface-subsurface water interactions as regulators of the form and function of fluvial ecosystems. Rather than being isolated systems, surface water bodies continuously interact with the subsurface. Exploration of hyporheic zone processes has led to a new appreciation of their wide reaching consequences for water quality and stream ecology. Modern research aims toward a unified approach, in which processes occurring in the hyporheic zone are key elements for the appreciation, management, and restoration of the whole river environment. In this unifying context, this review summarizes results from modeling studies and field observations about flow and transport processes in the hyporheic zone and describes the theories proposed in hydrology and fluid dynamics developed to quantitatively model and predict the hyporheic transport of water, heat, and dissolved and suspended compounds from sediment grain scale up to the watershed scale. The implications of these processes for stream biogeochemistry and ecology are also discussed.\"
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2012RG000417","usgsCitation":"Boano, F., Harvey, J.W., Marion, A., Packman, A.I., Revelli, R., Ridolfi, L., and Anders, W., 2014, Hyporheic flow and transport processes: mechanisms, models, and biogeochemical implications: Reviews of Geophysics, v. 52, no. 4, p. 603-679, https://doi.org/10.1002/2012RG000417.","productDescription":"77 p.","startPage":"603","endPage":"679","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055545","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296110,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546727b9e4b04d4b7dbde860","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/2012rg000417","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2012rg000417","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Boano F., Harvey J. W., Marion A., Packman A. I., Revelli R., Ridolfi L., Wörman A.","journalName":"Reviews of Geophysics","publicationDate":"10/20/2014","auditedOn":"7/27/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boano, Fulvio","contributorId":124515,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boano","given":"Fulvio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5039,"text":"Department of Environment, Land, and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":521224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, Judson W. 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":1796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":521223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marion, Andrea","contributorId":124516,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marion","given":"Andrea","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5040,"text":"Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, Padova, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":521225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Packman, Aaron I.","contributorId":124517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Packman","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":5041,"text":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":521226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Revelli, Roberto","contributorId":124518,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Revelli","given":"Roberto","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5039,"text":"Department of Environment, Land, and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":521227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ridolfi, Luca","contributorId":124519,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ridolfi","given":"Luca","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5039,"text":"Department of Environment, Land, and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":521228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Anders, Worman","contributorId":124520,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anders","given":"Worman","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5042,"text":"Division of River Engineering, Institute of Land and Water Resources Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":521229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70129358,"text":"70129358 - 2014 - Scaling up watershed model parameters--Flow and load simulations of the Edisto River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-30T14:36:50","indexId":"70129358","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Scaling up watershed model parameters--Flow and load simulations of the Edisto River Basin","docAbstract":"The Edisto River is the longest and largest river system completely contained in South Carolina and is one of the longest free flowing blackwater rivers in the United States. The Edisto River basin also has fish-tissue mercury concentrations that are some of the highest recorded in the United States. As part of an effort by the U.S. Geological Survey to expand the understanding of relations among hydrologic, geochemical, and ecological processes that affect fish-tissue mercury concentrations within the Edisto River basin, analyses and simulations of the hydrology of the Edisto River basin were made with the topography-based hydrological model (TOPMODEL). The potential for scaling up a previous application of TOPMODEL for the McTier Creek watershed, which is a small headwater catchment to the Edisto River basin, was assessed. Scaling up was done in a step-wise process beginning with applying the calibration parameters, meteorological data, and topographic wetness index data from the McTier Creek TOPMODEL to the Edisto River TOPMODEL. Additional changes were made with subsequent simulations culminating in the best simulation, which included meteorological and topographic wetness index data from the Edisto River basin and updated calibration parameters for some of the TOPMODEL calibration parameters. Comparison of goodness-of-fit statistics between measured and simulated daily mean streamflow for the two models showed that with calibration, the Edisto River TOPMODEL produced slightly better results than the McTier Creek model, despite the significant difference in the drainage-area size at the outlet locations for the two models (30.7 and 2,725 square miles, respectively). Along with the TOPMODEL hydrologic simulations, a visualization tool (the Edisto River Data Viewer) was developed to help assess trends and influencing variables in the stream ecosystem. Incorporated into the visualization tool were the water-quality load models TOPLOAD, TOPLOAD-H, and LOADEST. Because the focus of this investigation was on scaling up the models from McTier Creek, water-quality concentrations that were previously collected in the McTier Creek basin were used in the water-quality load models.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2014 South Carolina Water Resources Conference","conferenceTitle":"2014 South Carolina Water Resources Conference","conferenceDate":"October 15-16, 2014","conferenceLocation":"Columbia, South Carolina","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Feaster, T., Benedict, S., Clark, J.M., Bradley, P.M., and Conrads, P., 2014, Scaling up watershed model parameters--Flow and load simulations of the Edisto River Basin, in Proceedings of the 2014 South Carolina Water Resources Conference, Columbia, South Carolina, October 15-16, 2014, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059324","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311630,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Edisto River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.45700073242188,\n 32.505129231918936\n ],\n [\n -80.51742553710938,\n 32.986779893387755\n ],\n [\n -81.54190063476562,\n 33.52536850360117\n ],\n [\n -81.52130126953125,\n 33.74147082163694\n ],\n [\n -81.474609375,\n 33.81452532651738\n ],\n [\n -81.06948852539062,\n 33.67178278364437\n ],\n [\n -80.84152221679688,\n 33.57572644624357\n ],\n [\n -80.628662109375,\n 33.25476662931657\n ],\n [\n -80.3265380859375,\n 33.07543248121335\n ],\n [\n -80.30044555664062,\n 32.737616843309304\n ],\n [\n -80.31143188476562,\n 32.49586350791503\n ],\n [\n -80.45700073242188,\n 32.505129231918936\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56505257e4b0f162148c5d1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feaster, Toby D. 0000-0002-5626-5011 tfeaster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5626-5011","contributorId":1109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feaster","given":"Toby D.","email":"tfeaster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benedict, Stephen T. benedict@usgs.gov","contributorId":3198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benedict","given":"Stephen T.","email":"benedict@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, Jimmy M. 0000-0002-3138-5738 jmclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3138-5738","contributorId":4773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Jimmy","email":"jmclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Conrads, Paul 0000-0003-0408-4208 pconrads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0408-4208","contributorId":764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrads","given":"Paul","email":"pconrads@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70132466,"text":"70132466 - 2014 - High-resolution delineation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds in a dipping, fractured mudstone: depth- and strata-dependent spatial variability from rock-core sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-14T16:01:01","indexId":"70132466","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-resolution delineation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds in a dipping, fractured mudstone: depth- and strata-dependent spatial variability from rock-core sampling","docAbstract":"Synthesis of rock-core sampling and chlorinated volatile organic compound (CVOC) analysis at five coreholes, with hydraulic and water-quality monitoring and a detailed hydrogeologic framework, was used to characterize the fine-scale distribution of CVOCs in dipping, fractured mudstones of the Lockatong Formation of Triassic age, of the Newark Basin in West Trenton, New Jersey. From these results, a refined conceptual model for more than 55 years of migration of CVOCs and depth- and strata-dependent rock-matrix contamination was developed. Industrial use of trichloroethene (TCE) at the former Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC) from 1953 to 1995 resulted in dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) TCE and dissolved TCE and related breakdown products, including other CVOCs, in underlying mudstones. Shallow highly weathered and fractured strata overlie unweathered, gently dipping, fractured strata that become progressively less fractured with depth. The unweathered lithology includes black highly fractured (fissile) carbon-rich strata, gray mildly fractured thinly layered (laminated) strata, and light-gray weakly fractured massive strata. CVOC concentrations in water samples pumped from the shallow weathered and highly fractured strata remain elevated near residual DNAPL TCE, but dilution by uncontaminated recharge, and other natural and engineered attenuation processes, have substantially reduced concentrations along flow paths removed from sources and residual DNAPL. CVOCs also were detected in most rock-core samples in source areas in shallow wells. In many locations, lower aqueous concentrations, compared to rock core concentrations, suggest that CVOCs are presently back-diffusing from the rock matrix. Below the weathered and highly fractured strata, and to depths of at least 50 meters (m), groundwater flow and contaminant transport is primarily in bedding-plane-oriented fractures in thin fissile high-carbon strata, and in fractured, laminated strata of the gently dipping mudstones. Despite more than 18 years of pump and treat (P&T) remediation, and natural attenuation processes, CVOC concentrations in aqueous samples pumped from these deeper strata remain elevated in isolated intervals. DNAPL was detected in one borehole during coring at a depth of 27 m. In contrast to core samples from the weathered zone, concentrations in core samples from deeper unweathered and unfractured strata are typically below detection. However, high CVOC concentrations were found in isolated samples from fissile black carbon-rich strata and fractured gray laminated strata. Aqueous-phase concentrations were correspondingly high in samples pumped from these strata via short-interval wells or packer-isolated zones in long boreholes. A refined conceptual site model considers that prior to P&T remediation groundwater flow was primarily subhorizontal in the higher-permeability near surface strata, and the bulk of contaminant mass was shallow. CVOCs diffused into these fractured and weathered mudstones. DNAPL and high concentrations of CVOCs migrated slowly down in deeper unweathered strata, primarily along isolated dipping bedding-plane fractures. After P&T began in 1995, using wells open to both shallow and deep strata, downward transport of dissolved CVOCs accelerated. Diffusion of TCE and other CVOCs from deeper fractures penetrated only a few centimeters into the unweathered rock matrix, likely due to sorption of CVOCs on rock organic carbon. Remediation in the deep, unweathered strata may benefit from the relatively limited migration of CVOCs into the rock matrix. Synthesis of rock core sampling from closely spaced boreholes with geophysical logging and hydraulic testing improves understanding of the controls on CVOC delineation and informs remediation design and monitoring.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.10.005","usgsCitation":"Goode, D., Imbrigiotta, T., and Lacombe, P., 2014, High-resolution delineation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds in a dipping, fractured mudstone: depth- and strata-dependent spatial variability from rock-core sampling: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 171, p. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.10.005.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051397","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296109,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Newark Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.81640625,\n 40.38839687388361\n ],\n [\n -76.81640625,\n 41.541477666790286\n ],\n [\n -73.85009765625,\n 41.541477666790286\n ],\n [\n -73.85009765625,\n 40.38839687388361\n ],\n [\n -76.81640625,\n 40.38839687388361\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"171","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546727b8e4b04d4b7dbde857","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goode, Daniel J. 0000-0002-8527-2456 djgoode@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8527-2456","contributorId":2433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goode","given":"Daniel J.","email":"djgoode@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":522913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Imbrigiotta, Thomas E. 0000-0003-1716-4768 timbrig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1716-4768","contributorId":2466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imbrigiotta","given":"Thomas E.","email":"timbrig@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":522914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lacombe, Pierre J. placombe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacombe","given":"Pierre J.","email":"placombe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":522915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70117089,"text":"70117089 - 2014 - Modelling landscape-scale erosion potential related to vehicle disturbances along the U.S.-Mexico border","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-17T16:25:12","indexId":"70117089","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-11T02:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2597,"text":"Land Degradation and Development","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modelling landscape-scale erosion potential related to vehicle disturbances along the U.S.-Mexico border","docAbstract":"Decades of intensive off-road vehicle use for border security, immigration, smuggling, recreation, and military training along the USA–Mexico border have prompted concerns about long-term human impacts on sensitive desert ecosystems. To help managers identify areas susceptible to soil erosion from anthropogenic activities, we developed a series of erosion potential models based on factors from the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). To better express the vulnerability of soils to human disturbances, we refined two factors whose categorical and spatial representations limit the application of the USLE for non-agricultural landscapes: the C-factor (vegetation cover) and the P-factor (support practice/management). A soil compaction index (P-factor) was calculated as the difference in saturated hydrologic conductivity (Ks) between disturbed and undisturbed soils, which was then scaled up to maps of vehicle disturbances digitized from aerial photography. The C-factor was improved using a satellite-based vegetation index, which was better correlated with estimated ground cover (r2 = 0·77) than data derived from land cover (r2 = 0·06). We identified 9,780 km of unauthorized off-road tracks in the 2,800-km2 study area. Maps of these disturbances, when integrated with soil compaction data using the USLE, provided landscape-scale information on areas vulnerable to erosion from both natural processes and human activities and are detailed enough for adaptive management and restoration planning. The models revealed erosion potential hotspots adjacent to the border and within areas managed as critical habitat for the threatened flat-tailed horned lizard and endangered Sonoran pronghorn.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ldr.2317","usgsCitation":"Villarreal, M.L., Webb, R., Norman, L.M., Psillas, J.L., Rosenberg, A., Carmichael, S., Petrakis, R., and Sparks, P.E., 2014, Modelling landscape-scale erosion potential related to vehicle disturbances along the U.S.-Mexico border: Land Degradation and Development, v. 27, no. 4, p. 1106-1121, https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2317.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1106","endPage":"1121","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053329","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294983,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.82910156249999,\n 31.28793989264176\n ],\n [\n -114.82910156249999,\n 33.422272258866016\n ],\n [\n -111.07177734375,\n 33.422272258866016\n ],\n [\n -111.07177734375,\n 31.28793989264176\n ],\n [\n -114.82910156249999,\n 31.28793989264176\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5434f286e4b0a4f4b46a235e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Villarreal, Miguel L. 0000-0003-0720-1422 mvillarreal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0720-1422","contributorId":1424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villarreal","given":"Miguel","email":"mvillarreal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webb, Robert H. rhwebb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webb","given":"Robert H.","email":"rhwebb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":495930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Norman, Laura M. 0000-0002-3696-8406 lnorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3696-8406","contributorId":967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"Laura","email":"lnorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Psillas, Jennifer L.","contributorId":23092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Psillas","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rosenberg, Abigail S.","contributorId":77467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberg","given":"Abigail S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Carmichael, Shinji","contributorId":63748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carmichael","given":"Shinji","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Petrakis, Roy E.","contributorId":107632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petrakis","given":"Roy E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sparks, Philip E.","contributorId":12398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparks","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70148379,"text":"70148379 - 2014 - Sampling and monitoring for the mine life cycle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-06T11:45:44","indexId":"70148379","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"Sampling and monitoring for the mine life cycle","docAbstract":"Sampling and Monitoring for the Mine Life Cycle provides an overview of sampling for environmental purposes and monitoring of environmentally relevant variables at mining sites. It focuses on environmental sampling and monitoring of surface water, and also considers groundwater, process water streams, rock, soil, and other media including air and biological organisms. The handbook includes an appendix of technical summaries written by subject-matter experts that describe field measurements, collection methods, and analytical techniques and procedures relevant to environmental sampling and monitoring.
The sixth of a series of handbooks on technologies for management of metal mine and metallurgical process drainage, this handbook supplements and enhances current literature and provides an awareness of the critical components and complexities involved in environmental sampling and monitoring at the mine site. It differs from most information sources by providing an approach to address all types of mining influenced water and other sampling media throughout the mine life cycle.
Sampling and Monitoring for the Mine Life Cycle is organized into a main text and six appendices that are an integral part of the handbook. Sidebars and illustrations are included to provide additional detail about important concepts, to present examples and brief case studies, and to suggest resources for further information. Extensive references are included.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration","publisherLocation":"Englewood, CO","isbn":"978-0873353557","usgsCitation":"McLemore, V.T., Smith, K.S., and Russell, C.C., 2014, Sampling and monitoring for the mine life cycle, 191 p.","productDescription":"191 p.","ipdsId":"IP-028363","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342331,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593bb3aae4b0764e6c60e7f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLemore, Virginia T.","contributorId":113338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLemore","given":"Virginia","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Kathleen S. 0000-0001-8547-9804 ksmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8547-9804","contributorId":182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kathleen","email":"ksmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Russell, Carol C.","contributorId":140998,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Russell","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70119019,"text":"sir20145148 - 2014 - Documentation of a groundwater flow model (SJRRPGW) for the San Joaquin River Restoration Program study area, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-08T13:30:42","indexId":"sir20145148","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-07T08:44:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5148","title":"Documentation of a groundwater flow model (SJRRPGW) for the San Joaquin River Restoration Program study area, California","docAbstract":"To better understand the potential effects of restoration flows on existing drainage problems, anticipated as a result of the San Joaquin River Restoration Program (SJRRP), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation), developed a groundwater flow model (SJRRPGW) of the SJRRP study area that is within 5 miles of the San Joaquin River and adjacent bypass system from Friant Dam to the Merced River. The primary goal of the SJRRP is to reestablish the natural ecology of the river to a degree that restores salmon and other fish populations. Increased flows in the river, particularly during the spring salmon run, are a key component of the restoration effort. A potential consequence of these increased river flows is the exacerbation of existing irrigation drainage problems along a section of the river between Mendota and the confluence with the Merced River. Historically, this reach typically was underlain by a water table within 10 feet of the land surface, thus requiring careful irrigation management and (or) artificial drainage to maintain crop health. The SJRRPGW is designed to meet the short-term needs of the SJRRP; future versions of the model may incorporate potential enhancements, several of which are identified in this report.
\nThe SJRRPGW was constructed using the USGS groundwater flow model MODFLOW and was built on the framework of the USGS Central Valley Hydrologic Model (CVHM) within which the SJRRPGW model domain is embedded. The Farm Process (FMP2) was used to simulate the supply and demand components of irrigated agriculture. The Streamflow-Routing Package (SFR2) was used to simulate the streams and bypasses and their interaction with the aquifer system. The 1,300-square mile study area was subdivided into 0.25-mile by 0.25-mile cells. The sediment texture of the aquifer system, which was used to distribute hydraulic properties by model cell, was refined from that used in the CVHM to better represent the natural heterogeneity of aquifer-system materials within the model domain. In addition, the stream properties were updated from the CVHM to better simulate stream-aquifer interactions, and water-budget subregions were refined to better simulate agricultural water supply and demand. External boundary conditions were derived from the CVHM.
\nThe SJRRPGW was calibrated for April 1961 to September 2003 by using groundwater-level observations from 133 wells and streamflow observations from 19 streamgages. The model was calibrated using public-domain parameter estimation software (PEST) in a semi-automated manner. The simulated groundwater-level elevations and trends (including seasonal fluctuations) and surface-water flow magnitudes and trends reasonably matched observed data. The calibrated model is planned to be used to assess the potential effects of restoration flows on agricultural lands and the relative capabilities of proposed SJRRP actions to reduce these effects.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145148","collaboration":"In cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Traum, J.A., Phillips, S.P., Bennett, G.L., Zamora, C., and Metzger, L.F., 2014, Documentation of a groundwater flow model (SJRRPGW) for the San Joaquin River Restoration Program study area, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5148, Report: xii, 151 p.; 3 Interactive Animations, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145148.","productDescription":"Report: xii, 151 p.; 3 Interactive Animations","numberOfPages":"167","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-033499","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294968,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145148.jpg"},{"id":294965,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5148/pdf/sir2014-5148.pdf"},{"id":294967,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5148/downloads/sir2014-5148_D2GW.swf"},{"id":294966,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5148/downloads/sir2014-5148_StreamSeepage.swf"},{"id":294963,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5148/"},{"id":294964,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5148/downloads/sir2014-5148_GWE.swf"}],"datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5434f286e4b0a4f4b46a235c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Traum, Jonathan A. 0000-0002-4787-3680 jtraum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4787-3680","contributorId":4780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Traum","given":"Jonathan","email":"jtraum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Steven P. 0000-0002-5107-868X sphillip@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5107-868X","contributorId":1506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Steven","email":"sphillip@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bennett, George L. V 0000-0002-6239-1604 georbenn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-1604","contributorId":1373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"George","suffix":"V","email":"georbenn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zamora, Celia 0000-0003-1456-4360 czamora@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1456-4360","contributorId":1514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zamora","given":"Celia","email":"czamora@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Metzger, Loren F. 0000-0003-2454-2966 lmetzger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2454-2966","contributorId":1378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metzger","given":"Loren","email":"lmetzger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":497571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70120244,"text":"sir20145152 - 2014 - Hydrogeologic framework and occurrence, movement, and chemical characterization of groundwater in Dixie Valley, west-central Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-02T13:04:53","indexId":"sir20145152","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-02T12:58:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5152","title":"Hydrogeologic framework and occurrence, movement, and chemical characterization of groundwater in Dixie Valley, west-central Nevada","docAbstract":"Dixie Valley, a primarily undeveloped basin in west-central Nevada, is being considered for groundwater exportation. Proposed pumping would occur from the basin-fill aquifer. In response to proposed exportation, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation and Churchill County, conducted a study to improve the understanding of groundwater resources in Dixie Valley. The objective of this report is to characterize the hydrogeologic framework, the occurrence and movement of groundwater, the general water quality of the basin-fill aquifer, and the potential mixing between basin-fill and geothermal aquifers in Dixie Valley. Various types of geologic, hydrologic, and geochemical data were compiled from previous studies and collected in support of this study. Hydrogeologic units in Dixie Valley were defined to characterize rocks and sediments with similar lithologies and hydraulic properties influencing groundwater flow. Hydraulic properties of the basin-fill deposits were characterized by transmissivity estimated from aquifer tests and specific-capacity tests. Groundwater-level measurements and hydrogeologic-unit data were combined to create a potentiometric surface map and to characterize groundwater occurrence and movement. Subsurface inflow from adjacent valleys into Dixie Valley through the basin-fill aquifer was evaluated using hydraulic gradients and Darcy flux computations. The chemical signature and groundwater quality of the Dixie Valley basin-fill aquifer, and potential mixing between basin-fill and geothermal aquifers, were evaluated using chemical data collected from wells and springs during the current study and from previous investigations.
\nDixie Valley is the terminus of the Dixie Valley flow system, which includes Pleasant, Jersey, Fairview, Stingaree, Cowkick, and Eastgate Valleys. The freshwater aquifer in the study area is composed of unconsolidated basin-fill deposits of Quaternary age. The basin-fill hydrogeologic unit can be several orders of magnitude more transmissive than surrounding and underlying consolidated rocks and Dixie Valley playa deposits. Transmissivity estimates in the basin fill throughout Dixie Valley ranged from 30 to 45,500 feet squared per day; however, a single transmissivity value of 0.1 foot squared per day was estimated for playa deposits.
\nGroundwater generally flows from the mountain range uplands toward the central valley lowlands and eventually discharges near the playa edge. Potentiometric contours east and west of the playa indicate that groundwater is moving eastward from the Stillwater Range and westward from the Clan Alpine Mountains toward the playa. Similarly, groundwater flows from the southern and northern basin boundaries toward the basin center. Subsurface groundwater flow likely enters Dixie Valley from Fairview and Stingaree Valleys in the south and from Jersey and Pleasant Valleys in the north, but groundwater connections through basin-fill deposits were present only across the Fairview and Jersey Valley divides. Annual subsurface inflow from Fairview and Jersey Valleys ranges from 700 to 1,300 acre-feet per year and from 1,800 to 2,300 acre-feet per year, respectively. Groundwater flow between Dixie, Stingaree, and Pleasant Valleys could occur through less transmissive consolidated rocks, but only flow through basin fill was estimated in this study.
\nGroundwater in the playa is distinct from the freshwater, basin-fill aquifer. Groundwater mixing between basin-fill and playa groundwater systems is physically limited by transmissivity contrasts of about four orders of magnitude. Total dissolved solids in playa deposit groundwater are nearly 440 times greater than total dissolved solids in the basin-fill groundwater. These distinctive physical and chemical flow restrictions indicate that groundwater interaction between the basin fill and playa sediments was minimal during this study period (water years 2009–11).
\nGroundwater in Dixie Valley generally can be characterized as a sodium bicarbonate type, with greater proportions of chloride north of the Dixie Valley playa, and greater proportions of sulfate south of the playa. Analysis of major ion water chemistry data sampled during the study period indicates that groundwater north and south of Township 22N differ chemically. Dixie Valley groundwater quality is marginal when compared with national primary and secondary drinking-water standards. Arsenic and fluoride concentrations exceed primary drinking water standards, and total dissolved solids and manganese concentrations exceed secondary drinking water standards in samples collected during this study. High concentrations of boron and tungsten also were observed.
\nChemical comparisons between basin-fill and geothermal aquifer water indicate that most basin-fill groundwater sampled could contain 10–20 percent geothermal water. Geothermal indicators such as high temperature, lithium, boron, chloride, and silica suggest that mixing occurs in many wells that tap the basin-fill aquifer, particularly on the north, south, and west sides of the basin. Magnesium-lithium geothermometers indicate that some basin-fill aquifer water sampled for the current study likely originates from water that was heated above background mountain-block recharge temperatures (between 3 and 15 degrees Celsius), highlighting the influence of mixing with warm water that was possibly derived from geothermal sources.
","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145152","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Huntington, J.M., Garcia, C.A., and Rosen, M.R., 2014, Hydrogeologic framework and occurrence, movement, and chemical characterization of groundwater in Dixie Valley, west-central Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5152, Report: vii, 59 p.; 1 Plate 24 x 36 inches; 1 Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145152.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 59 p.; 1 Plate 24 x 36 inches; 1 Appendix","numberOfPages":"72","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-034768","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294838,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145152.jpg"},{"id":294827,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5152/"},{"id":294829,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5152/pdf/sir2014-5152.pdf"},{"id":294832,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5152/pdf/sir2014-5152_plate01.pdf"},{"id":294834,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5152/downloads/sir2014-5152_appendixA.xlsx"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Nevada","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542e5b0ae4b092f17df5a6ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huntington, Jena M. 0000-0002-9291-1404 jmhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9291-1404","contributorId":2294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Jena","email":"jmhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garcia, C. Amanda 0000-0003-3776-3565 cgarcia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3776-3565","contributorId":1899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"C.","email":"cgarcia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Amanda","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosen, Michael R. 0000-0003-3991-0522 mrosen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3991-0522","contributorId":495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosen","given":"Michael","email":"mrosen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70117442,"text":"70117442 - 2014 - Development of a shared vision for groundwater management to protect and sustain baseflows of the Upper San Pedro River, Arizona, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-01T14:19:39","indexId":"70117442","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T14:14:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3709,"text":"Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of a shared vision for groundwater management to protect and sustain baseflows of the Upper San Pedro River, Arizona, USA","docAbstract":"Groundwater pumping along portions of the binational San Pedro River has depleted aquifer storage that supports baseflow in the San Pedro River. A consortium of 23 agencies, business interests, and non-governmental organizations pooled their collective resources to develop the scientific understanding and technical tools required to optimize the management of this complex, interconnected groundwater-surface water system. A paradigm shift occurred as stakeholders first collaboratively developed, and then later applied, several key hydrologic simulation and monitoring tools. Water resources planning and management transitioned from a traditional water budget-based approach to a more strategic and spatially-explicit optimization process. After groundwater modeling results suggested that strategic near-stream recharge could reasonably sustain baseflows at or above 2003 levels until the year 2100, even in the presence of continued groundwater development, a group of collaborators worked for four years to acquire 2250 hectares of land in key locations along 34 kilometers of the river specifically for this purpose. These actions reflect an evolved common vision that considers the multiple water demands of both humans and the riparian ecosystem associated with the San Pedro River.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3390/w6082519","usgsCitation":"Richter, H., Gungle, B., Lacher, L.J., Turner, D., and Bushman, B., 2014, Development of a shared vision for groundwater management to protect and sustain baseflows of the Upper San Pedro River, Arizona, USA: Water, v. 6, no. 8, p. 2519-2538, https://doi.org/10.3390/w6082519.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"2519","endPage":"2538","ipdsId":"IP-058279","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472709,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w6082519","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":294727,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294726,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w6082519"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"San Pedro River","volume":"6","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542d098ae4b092f17defc4da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richter, Holly E.","contributorId":26238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"Holly E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gungle, Bruce 0000-0001-6406-1206 bgungle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6406-1206","contributorId":107628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gungle","given":"Bruce","email":"bgungle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lacher, Laurel J.","contributorId":81426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacher","given":"Laurel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Turner, Dale S.","contributorId":63742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Dale S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bushman, Brooke M.","contributorId":22706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bushman","given":"Brooke M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70117418,"text":"70117418 - 2014 - Developing and testing temperature models for regulated systems: a case study on the Upper Delaware River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-21T14:52:40","indexId":"70117418","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T13:39:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developing and testing temperature models for regulated systems: a case study on the Upper Delaware River","docAbstract":"Water temperature is an important driver of many processes in riverine ecosystems. If reservoirs are present, their releases can greatly influence downstream water temperatures. Models are important tools in understanding the influence these releases may have on the thermal regimes of downstream rivers. In this study, we developed and tested a suite of models to predict river temperature at a location downstream of two reservoirs in the Upper Delaware River (USA), a section of river that is managed to support a world-class coldwater fishery. Three empirical models were tested, including a Generalized Least Squares Model with a cosine trend (GLScos), AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). We also tested one mechanistic Heat Flux Model (HFM) that was based on energy gain and loss. Predictor variables used in model development included climate data (e.g., solar radiation, wind speed, etc.) collected from a nearby weather station and temperature and hydrologic data from upstream U.S. Geological Survey gages. Models were developed with a training dataset that consisted of data from 2008 to 2011; they were then independently validated with a test dataset from 2012. Model accuracy was evaluated using root mean square error (RMSE), Nash Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), percent bias (PBIAS), and index of agreement (d) statistics. Model forecast success was evaluated using baseline-modified prime index of agreement (md) at the one, three, and five day predictions. All five models accurately predicted daily mean river temperature across the entire training dataset (RMSE = 0.58–1.311, NSE = 0.99–0.97, d = 0.98–0.99); ARIMA was most accurate (RMSE = 0.57, NSE = 0.99), but each model, other than ARIMA, showed short periods of under- or over-predicting observed warmer temperatures. For the training dataset, all models besides ARIMA had overestimation bias (PBIAS = −0.10 to −1.30). Validation analyses showed all models performed well; the HFM model was the most accurate compared other models (RMSE = 0.92, both NSE = 0.98, d = 0.99) and the ARIMA model was least accurate (RMSE = 2.06, NSE = 0.92, d = 0.98); however, all models had an overestimation bias (PBIAS = −4.1 to −10.20). Aside from the one day forecast ARIMA model (md = 0.53), all models forecasted fairly well at the one, three, and five day forecasts (md = 0.77–0.96). Overall, we were successful in developing models predicting daily mean temperature across a broad range of temperatures. These models, specifically the GLScos, ANN, and HFM, may serve as important tools for predicting conditions and managing thermal releases in regulated river systems such as the Delaware River. Further model development may be important in customizing predictions for particular biological or ecological needs, or for particular temporal or spatial scales.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.07.058","usgsCitation":"Cole, J.C., Maloney, K.O., Schmid, M., and McKenna, J., 2014, Developing and testing temperature models for regulated systems: a case study on the Upper Delaware River: Journal of Hydrology, v. 519, no. Part A, p. 588-598, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.07.058.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"588","endPage":"598","ipdsId":"IP-054405","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294719,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294718,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.07.058"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, New York, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Delaware River","volume":"519","issue":"Part A","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542d0989e4b092f17defc4d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, Jeffrey C. 0000-0002-2477-7231 jccole@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2477-7231","contributorId":5585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jccole@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maloney, Kelly O. 0000-0003-2304-0745 kmaloney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2304-0745","contributorId":4636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maloney","given":"Kelly","email":"kmaloney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmid, Matthias","contributorId":53714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmid","given":"Matthias","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKenna, James E. Jr.","contributorId":38486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"James E.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70127641,"text":"70127641 - 2014 - Bioaccumulation and toxicity of CuO nanoparticles by a freshwater invertebrate after waterborne and dietborne exposures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T16:41:54","indexId":"70127641","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T10:16:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bioaccumulation and toxicity of CuO nanoparticles by a freshwater invertebrate after waterborne and dietborne exposures","docAbstract":"The incidental ingestion of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) can be an important route of uptake for aquatic organisms. Yet, knowledge of dietary bioavailability and toxicity of NPs is scarce. Here we used isotopically modified copper oxide (65CuO) NPs to characterize the processes governing their bioaccumulation in a freshwater snail after waterborne and dietborne exposures. Lymnaea stagnalis efficiently accumulated 65Cu after aqueous and dietary exposures to 65CuO NPs. Cu assimilation efficiency and feeding rates averaged 83% and 0.61 g g–1 d–1 at low exposure concentrations (<100 nmol g–1), and declined by nearly 50% above this concentration. We estimated that 80–90% of the bioaccumulated 65Cu concentration in L. stagnalis originated from the 65CuO NPs, suggesting that dissolution had a negligible influence on Cu uptake from the NPs under our experimental conditions. The physiological loss of 65Cu incorporated into tissues after exposures to 65CuO NPs was rapid over the first days of depuration and not detectable thereafter. As a result, large Cu body concentrations are expected in L. stagnalis after exposure to CuO NPs. To the degree that there is a link between bioaccumulation and toxicity, dietborne exposures to CuO NPs are likely to elicit adverse effects more readily than waterborne exposures.","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es5018703","usgsCitation":"Croteau, M.N., Misra, S., Luoma, S.N., and Valsami-Jones, E., 2014, Bioaccumulation and toxicity of CuO nanoparticles by a freshwater invertebrate after waterborne and dietborne exposures: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 48, no. 18, p. 10929-10937, https://doi.org/10.1021/es5018703.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"10929","endPage":"10937","ipdsId":"IP-056250","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294702,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294701,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es5018703"}],"volume":"48","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542d0986e4b092f17defc4c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Croteau, Marie Noele 0000-0003-0346-3580 mcroteau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0346-3580","contributorId":895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croteau","given":"Marie","email":"mcroteau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Noele","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Misra, Superb K.","contributorId":66188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Misra","given":"Superb K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Valsami-Jones, Eugenia","contributorId":26057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valsami-Jones","given":"Eugenia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}