1000lnαCO2(ACID)-calcite=3.48(103/T)-1.471000lnαCO2(ACID)-calcite=3.48(103/T)-1.47\n![\"\"](\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/sd/blank.gif\")
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\nAt the Amazon estuary, the oldest logging frontier in the Amazon, no studies have comprehensively explored the potential long-term population and yield consequences of multiple timber harvests over time. Matrix population modeling is one way to simulate long-term impacts of tree harvests, but this approach has often ignored common impacts of tree harvests including incidental damage, changes in post-harvest demography, shifts in the distribution of merchantable trees, and shifts in stand composition. We designed a matrix-based forest management model that incorporates these harvest-related impacts so resulting simulations reflect forest stand dynamics under repeated timber harvests as well as the realities of local smallholder timber management systems. Using a wide range of values for management criteria (e.g., length of cutting cycle, minimum cut diameter), we projected the long-term population dynamics and yields of hundreds of timber management regimes in the Amazon estuary, where small-scale, unmechanized logging is an important economic activity. These results were then compared to find optimal stand-level and species-specific sustainable timber management (STM) regimes using a set of timber yield and population growth indicators. Prospects for STM in Amazonian tidal floodplain forests are better than for many other tropical forests. However, generally high stock recovery rates between harvests are due to the comparatively high projected mean annualized yields from fast-growing species that effectively counterbalance the projected yield declines from other species. For Amazonian tidal floodplain forests, national management guidelines provide neither the highest yields nor the highest sustained population growth for species under management. Our research shows that management guidelines specific to a region’s ecological settings can be further refined to consider differences in species demographic responses to repeated harvests. In principle, such fine-tuned management guidelines could make management more attractive, thus bridging the currently prevalent gap between tropical timber management practice and regulation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0136740","usgsCitation":"Fortini, L.B., Cropper, W.P., and Zarin, D.J., 2015, Modeling the complex impacts of timber harvests to find optimal management regimes for Amazon tidal floodplain forests: PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 8, p. 1-17, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0136740.","productDescription":"e0136740; 17 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066968","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471846,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0136740","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":312008,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Brazil","otherGeospatial":"Amazon River, Mazagão watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -51.6,\n -0.5\n ],\n [\n -51.6,\n -0.4 \n ],\n [\n -51.5,\n -0.4 \n ],\n [\n -51.5,\n -0.5\n ],\n [\n -51.6,\n -0.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5666bbe6e4b06a3ea36c8b3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fortini, Lucas B. 0000-0002-5781-7295 lfortini@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5781-7295","contributorId":4645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fortini","given":"Lucas","email":"lfortini@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":581403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cropper, Wendell P.","contributorId":150362,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cropper","given":"Wendell","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12557,"text":"University of Florida, FLREC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zarin, Daniel J.","contributorId":150363,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zarin","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":18011,"text":"Climate and Land Use Alliance","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70157344,"text":"70157344 - 2015 - Late Pleistocene ages for the most recent volcanism and glacial-pluvial deposits at Big Pine volcanic field, California, USA, from cosmogenic 36Cl dating","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-23T11:39:58","indexId":"70157344","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-30T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Pleistocene ages for the most recent volcanism and glacial-pluvial deposits at Big Pine volcanic field, California, USA, from cosmogenic 36Cl dating","docAbstract":"The Big Pine volcanic field is one of several Quaternary volcanic fields that poses a potential volcanic hazard along the tectonically active Owens Valley of east-central California, and whose lavas are interbedded with deposits from Pleistocene glaciations in the Sierra Nevada Range. Previous geochronology indicates an ∼1.2 Ma history of volcanism, but the eruption ages and distribution of volcanic products associated with the most-recent eruptions have been poorly resolved. To delimit the timing and products of the youngest volcanism, we combine field mapping and cosmogenic 36Cl dating of basaltic lava flows in the area where lavas with youthful morphology and well-preserved flow structures are concentrated. Field mapping and petrology reveal approximately 15 vents and 6 principal flow units with variable geochemical composition and mineralogy. Cosmogenic 36Cl exposure ages for lava flow units from the top, middle, and bottom of the volcanic stratigraphy indicate eruptions at ∼17, 27, and 40 ka, revealing several different and previously unrecognized episodes of late Pleistocene volcanism. Olivine to plagioclase-pyroxene phyric basalt erupted from several vents during the most recent episode of volcanism at ∼17 ka, and produced a lava flow field covering ∼35 km2. The late Pleistocene 36Cl exposure ages indicate that moraine and pluvial shoreline deposits that overlie or modify the youngest Big Pine lavas reflect Tioga stage glaciation in the Sierra Nevada and the shore of paleo-Owens Lake during the last glacial cycle.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/2015GC005889","usgsCitation":"Vazquez, J.A., and Woolford, J.M., 2015, Late Pleistocene ages for the most recent volcanism and glacial-pluvial deposits at Big Pine volcanic field, California, USA, from cosmogenic 36Cl dating: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 16, p. 1-17, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GC005889.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"17","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063301","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471847,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gc005889","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":308442,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5603cd4ae4b03bc34f544b1c","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/2015gc005889","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015gc005889","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Vazquez J. A., Woolford J. M.","journalName":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","publicationDate":"8/30/2015","auditedOn":"10/14/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vazquez, Jorge A. 0000-0003-2754-0456 jvazquez@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2754-0456","contributorId":4458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vazquez","given":"Jorge","email":"jvazquez@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woolford, Jeff M","contributorId":147805,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woolford","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":16939,"text":"California State University - Northridge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":572762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70155907,"text":"70155907 - 2015 - Changes in data sharing and data reuse practices and perceptions among scientists worldwide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-10T13:39:46","indexId":"70155907","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-26T18:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in data sharing and data reuse practices and perceptions among scientists worldwide","docAbstract":"The incorporation of data sharing into the research lifecycle is an important part of modern scholarly debate. In this study, the DataONE Usability and Assessment working group addresses two primary goals: To examine the current state of data sharing and reuse perceptions and practices among research scientists as they compare to the 2009/2010 baseline study, and to examine differences in practices and perceptions across age groups, geographic regions, and subject disciplines. We distributed surveys to a multinational sample of scientific researchers at two different time periods (October 2009 to July 2010 and October 2013 to March 2014) to observe current states of data sharing and to see what, if any, changes have occurred in the past 3–4 years. We also looked at differences across age, geographic, and discipline-based groups as they currently exist in the 2013/2014 survey. Results point to increased acceptance of and willingness to engage in data sharing, as well as an increase in actual data sharing behaviors. However, there is also increased perceived risk associated with data sharing, and specific barriers to data sharing persist. There are also differences across age groups, with younger respondents feeling more favorably toward data sharing and reuse, yet making less of their data available than older respondents. Geographic differences exist as well, which can in part be understood in terms of collectivist and individualist cultural differences. An examination of subject disciplines shows that the constraints and enablers of data sharing and reuse manifest differently across disciplines. Implications of these findings include the continued need to build infrastructure that promotes data sharing while recognizing the needs of different research communities. Moving into the future, organizations such as DataONE will continue to assess, monitor, educate, and provide the infrastructure necessary to support such complex grand science challenges.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0134826","usgsCitation":"Tenopir, C., Dalton, E.D., Allard, S., Frame, M., Pjesivac, I., Birch, B., Pollock, D., and Dorsett, K., 2015, Changes in data sharing and data reuse practices and perceptions among scientists worldwide: PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 8, e0134826.; 24 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0134826.","productDescription":"e0134826.; 24 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063754","costCenters":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471851,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0134826","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":324942,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5780ceb2e4b08116168222d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tenopir, Carol","contributorId":172632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tenopir","given":"Carol","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dalton, Elizabeth D.","contributorId":172768,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dalton","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16989,"text":"University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allard, Suzie","contributorId":172634,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allard","given":"Suzie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Frame, Mike 0000-0001-9995-2172 mike_frame@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9995-2172","contributorId":4541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frame","given":"Mike","email":"mike_frame@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pjesivac, Ivanka","contributorId":172769,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pjesivac","given":"Ivanka","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Birch, Ben","contributorId":172635,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Birch","given":"Ben","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pollock, Danielle","contributorId":172770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"Danielle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16989,"text":"University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dorsett, Kristina","contributorId":172771,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dorsett","given":"Kristina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16989,"text":"University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70156628,"text":"70156628 - 2015 - Plugs or flood-makers? the unstable landslide dams of eastern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-24T16:06:17","indexId":"70156628","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-26T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plugs or flood-makers? the unstable landslide dams of eastern Oregon","docAbstract":"Landslides into valley bottoms can affect longitudinal profiles of rivers, thereby influencing landscape evolution through base-level changes. Large landslides can hinder river incision by temporarily damming rivers, but catastrophic failure of landslide dams may generate large floods that could promote incision. Dam stability therefore strongly modulates the effects of landslide dams and might be expected to vary among geologic settings. Here, we investigate the morphometry, stability, and effects on adjacent channel profiles of 17 former and current landslide dams in eastern Oregon. Data on landslide dam dimensions, former impoundment size, and longitudinal profile form were obtained from digital elevation data constrained by field observations and aerial imagery; while evidence for catastrophic dam breaching was assessed in the field. The dry, primarily extensional terrain of low-gradient volcanic tablelands and basins contrasts with the tectonically active, mountainous landscapes more commonly associated with large landslides. All but one of the eastern Oregon landslide dams are ancient (likely of order 103 to 104 years old), and all but one has been breached. The portions of the Oregon landslide dams blocking channels are small relative to the area of their source landslide complexes (0.4–33.6 km2). The multipronged landslides in eastern Oregon produce marginally smaller volume dams but affect much larger channels and impound more water than do landslide dams in mountainous settings. As a result, at least 14 of the 17 (82%) large landslide dams in our study area appear to have failed cataclysmically, producing large downstream floods now marked by boulder outwash, compared to a 40–70% failure rate for landslide dams in steep mountain environments. Morphometric indices of landslide dam stability calibrated in other environments were applied to the Oregon dams. Threshold values of the Blockage and Dimensionless Blockage Indices calibrated to worldwide data sets successfully separate dam sites in eastern Oregon that failed catastrophically from those that did not. Accumulated sediments upstream of about 50% of the dam sites indicate at least short-term persistence of landslide dams prior to eventual failure. Nevertheless, only three landslide dam remnants and one extant dam significantly elevate the modern river profile. We conclude that eastern Oregon's landslide dams are indeed floodmakers, but we lack clear evidence that they form lasting plugs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.06.040","collaboration":"Prepared in collaboration with Lewis and Clarck College, Portland, OR Central Washington University, USDA Forset Service","usgsCitation":"Safran, E.B., O'Connor, J., Ely, L.L., House, K., Grant, G., Harrity, K., Croall, K., and Jones, E., 2015, Plugs or flood-makers? the unstable landslide dams of eastern Oregon: Geomorphology, v. 248, p. 237-251, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.06.040.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"251","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061330","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471854,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.06.040","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":307507,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.20214843749999,\n 44.55916341529184\n ],\n [\n -118.3447265625,\n 46.042735653846506\n ],\n [\n -121.00341796874999,\n 45.72152152227954\n ],\n [\n -121.48681640624999,\n 43.1811470593997\n ],\n [\n -118.58642578124999,\n 43.1811470593997\n ],\n [\n -117.44384765625,\n 41.1290213474951\n ],\n [\n -115.3564453125,\n 41.1455697310095\n ],\n [\n -117.20214843749999,\n 44.55916341529184\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"248","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55ded526e4b0518e354e07e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Safran, Elizabeth B.","contributorId":10694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Safran","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O'Connor, Jim E. 0000-0002-7928-5883 oconnor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7928-5883","contributorId":140771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Connor","given":"Jim E.","email":"oconnor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":569718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ely, Lisa L.","contributorId":19854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"House, Kyle 0000-0002-0019-8075 khouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0019-8075","contributorId":2293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"House","given":"Kyle","email":"khouse@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grant, Gordon E.","contributorId":30881,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grant","given":"Gordon E.","affiliations":[{"id":12647,"text":"U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harrity, Kelsey","contributorId":146980,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harrity","given":"Kelsey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16764,"text":"Lewis and Clark College, Portland OR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Croall, Kelsey","contributorId":146981,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Croall","given":"Kelsey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16764,"text":"Lewis and Clark College, Portland OR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jones, Emily","contributorId":146982,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Emily","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16764,"text":"Lewis and Clark College, Portland OR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70156551,"text":"70156551 - 2015 - Rethinking the longitudinal stream temperature paradigm: region-wide comparison of thermal infrared imagery reveals unexpected complexity of river temperatures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T18:00:14","indexId":"70156551","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-25T13:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rethinking the longitudinal stream temperature paradigm: region-wide comparison of thermal infrared imagery reveals unexpected complexity of river temperatures","docAbstract":"Prevailing theory suggests that stream temperature warms asymptotically in a downstream direction, beginning at the temperature of the source in the headwaters and leveling off downstream as it converges to match meteorological conditions. However, there have been few empirical examples of longitudinal patterns of temperature in large rivers due to a paucity of data. We constructed longitudinal thermal profiles (temperature versus distance) for 53 rivers in the Pacific Northwest (USA) using an extensive dataset of remotely sensed summertime river temperatures and classified each profile into one of five patterns of downstream warming: asymptotic (increasing then flattening), linear (increasing steadily), uniform (not changing), parabolic (increasing then decreasing), or complex (not fitting other classes). We evaluated (1) how frequently profiles warmed asymptotically downstream as expected, and (2) whether relationships between river temperature and common hydroclimatic variables differed by profile class. We found considerable diversity in profile shape, with 47% of rivers warming asymptotically, and 53% having alternative profile shapes. Water temperature did not warm substantially over the course of the river for coastal parabolic and uniform profiles, and for some linear and complex profiles. Profile classes showed no clear geographical trends. The degree of correlation between river temperature and hydroclimatic variables differed among profile classes, but there was overlap among classes. Water temperature in rivers with asymptotic or parabolic profiles was positively correlated with August air temperature, tributary temperature and velocity, and negatively correlated with elevation, August precipitation, gradient, and distance upstream. Conversely, associations were less apparent in rivers with linear, uniform, or complex profiles. Factors contributing to the unique shape of parabolic profiles differed for coastal and inland rivers, where downstream cooling was influenced locally by climate or cool water inputs, respectively. Potential drivers of shape for complex profiles were specific to each river. These thermal patterns indicate diverse thermal habitats that may promote resilience of aquatic biota to climate change. Without this spatial context, climate change models may incorrectly estimate loss of thermally suitable habitat.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.10506","usgsCitation":"Fullerton, A.H., Torgersen, C.E., Lawler, J.J., Faux, R.N., Steel, E.A., Beechie, T.J., Ebersole, J.L., and Leibowitz, S.J., 2015, Rethinking the longitudinal stream temperature paradigm: region-wide comparison of thermal infrared imagery reveals unexpected complexity of river temperatures: Hydrological Processes, v. 29, no. 22, p. 4719-4737, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10506.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"4719","endPage":"4737","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1994-07-01","temporalEnd":"2007-08-31","ipdsId":"IP-055750","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307413,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Idaho, Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.04858398437499,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -123.321533203125,\n 49.023461463214126\n ],\n [\n -123.211669921875,\n 48.22467264956519\n ],\n [\n -124.771728515625,\n 48.42920055556841\n ],\n [\n -124.71679687499999,\n 47.87214396888731\n ],\n [\n -124.024658203125,\n 45.85941212790755\n ],\n [\n -124.244384765625,\n 43.79488907226601\n ],\n [\n -124.661865234375,\n 42.90011265525328\n ],\n [\n -124.112548828125,\n 41.43449030894922\n ],\n [\n -124.508056640625,\n 40.38839687388361\n ],\n [\n -123.85986328124999,\n 39.740986355883564\n ],\n [\n -123.82690429687499,\n 38.882481197550774\n ],\n [\n -123.035888671875,\n 38.18638677411551\n ],\n [\n -118.78967285156249,\n 38.156156969924915\n ],\n [\n -119.99267578124999,\n 38.993572058209466\n ],\n [\n -119.9981689453125,\n 41.99624282178583\n ],\n [\n -111.0443115234375,\n 42.00848901572399\n ],\n [\n -111.04774475097656,\n 44.47446108518852\n ],\n [\n -116.04858398437499,\n 49.009050809382046\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"22","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dd83a5e4b0518e354dc717","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fullerton, Aimee H.","contributorId":146936,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fullerton","given":"Aimee","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":12641,"text":"NOAA NMFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Torgersen, Christian E. 0000-0001-8325-2737 ctorgersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8325-2737","contributorId":146935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torgersen","given":"Christian","email":"ctorgersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lawler, Joshua J.","contributorId":73327,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lawler","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Faux, Russell N.","contributorId":146937,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Faux","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":16760,"text":"Watershed Sciences, Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Steel, E. Ashley","contributorId":7589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steel","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ashley","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Beechie, Timothy J.","contributorId":139468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beechie","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6578,"text":"National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, WA 98112, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ebersole, Joseph L.","contributorId":146938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ebersole","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":12657,"text":"EPA NEIC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Leibowitz, Scott J.","contributorId":146939,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leibowitz","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12657,"text":"EPA NEIC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70156451,"text":"70156451 - 2015 - Local variability mediates vulnerability of trout populations to land use and climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T17:48:25","indexId":"70156451","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-24T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Local variability mediates vulnerability of trout populations to land use and climate change","docAbstract":"Land use and climate change occur simultaneously around the globe. Fully understanding their separate and combined effects requires a mechanistic understanding at the local scale where their effects are ultimately realized. Here we applied an individual-based model of fish population dynamics to evaluate the role of local stream variability in modifying responses of Coastal Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii) to scenarios simulating identical changes in temperature and stream flows linked to forest harvest, climate change, and their combined effects over six decades. We parameterized the model for four neighboring streams located in a forested headwater catchment in northwestern Oregon, USA with multi-year, daily measurements of stream temperature, flow, and turbidity (2007–2011), and field measurements of both instream habitat structure and three years of annual trout population estimates. Model simulations revealed that variability in habitat conditions among streams (depth, available habitat) mediated the effects of forest harvest and climate change. Net effects for most simulated trout responses were different from or less than the sum of their separate scenarios. In some cases, forest harvest countered the effects of climate change through increased summer flow. Climate change most strongly influenced trout (earlier fry emergence, reductions in biomass of older trout, increased biomass of young-of-year), but these changes did not consistently translate into reductions in biomass over time. Forest harvest, in contrast, produced fewer and less consistent responses in trout. Earlier fry emergence driven by climate change was the most consistent simulated response, whereas survival, growth, and biomass were inconsistent. Overall our findings indicate a host of local processes can strongly influence how populations respond to broad scale effects of land use and climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0135334","usgsCitation":"Penaluna, B.E., Dunham, J., Railsback, S., Arismendi, I., Johnson, S.L., Bilby, R., Safeeq, M., and Skaugset, A.E., 2015, Local variability mediates vulnerability of trout populations to land use and climate change: PLoS ONE, v. 8, no. 10, e0135334: 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0135334.","productDescription":"e0135334: 20 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059556","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471863,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0135334","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":307212,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Gus Creek, Pothole Creek, Rock Creek, Upper Mainstem Trask","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.01367187499999,\n 46.2330529447983\n ],\n [\n -122.92053222656249,\n 46.14178273759234\n ],\n [\n -122.73925781250001,\n 45.64092778836502\n ],\n [\n -122.398681640625,\n 45.54483149242463\n ],\n [\n -122.01416015625,\n 45.62172169252446\n ],\n [\n -121.62963867187499,\n 45.744526980468436\n ],\n [\n -121.04736328125,\n 45.62172169252446\n ],\n [\n -120.574951171875,\n 45.73685954736049\n ],\n [\n -120.21240234375001,\n 45.537136680398596\n ],\n [\n -119.4873046875,\n 44.66865287227321\n ],\n [\n -119.091796875,\n 43.866218006556394\n ],\n [\n -120.95947265624999,\n 43.58039085560786\n ],\n [\n -122.76123046875,\n 43.40504748787035\n ],\n [\n -123.70605468750001,\n 43.40504748787035\n ],\n [\n -124.1455078125,\n 43.992814500489914\n ],\n [\n -124.01367187499999,\n 46.2330529447983\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dc321de4b0518e354d0c36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Penaluna, Brooke E.","contributorId":104817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Penaluna","given":"Brooke","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunham, Jason B. 0000-0002-6268-0633 jdunham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-0633","contributorId":1808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"Jason B.","email":"jdunham@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":569203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Railsback, Steve F.","contributorId":68449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Railsback","given":"Steve F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arismendi, Ivan","contributorId":70661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arismendi","given":"Ivan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Sherri L.","contributorId":91757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Sherri","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bilby, Robert E","contributorId":146867,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bilby","given":"Robert E","affiliations":[{"id":16757,"text":"Oregon State Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Safeeq, Mohammad 0000-0003-0529-3925","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0529-3925","contributorId":77814,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Safeeq","given":"Mohammad","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6641,"text":"University of California at Merced","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Skaugset, Arne E.","contributorId":145929,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Skaugset","given":"Arne","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70160083,"text":"70160083 - 2015 - Diet shifts by planktivorous and benthivorous fishes in northern Lake Michigan in response to ecosystem changes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-11T16:00:36","indexId":"70160083","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diet shifts by planktivorous and benthivorous fishes in northern Lake Michigan in response to ecosystem changes","docAbstract":"In Lake Michigan, diets of planktivorous and benthivorous fishes have varied over the past decades, in part owing to food web changes. To update diet information and compare them to a similar effort in 1994–1995, we analyzed the diets of seven benthivorous and planktivorous fish species collected along two northern Lake Michigan transects that spanned nearshore (18 m), intermediate (46 m), and offshore (91, 110, 128 m) bottom depths during spring, summer, and autumn of 2010. Calanoid copepods (e.g., Limnocalanus macrurus, Leptodiaptomus sicilis, and Senecella calanoides) comprised a majority of the diets in at least one season for all sizes of alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), bloater (Coregonus hoyi), and rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax). Similarly, Mysis diluviana was the highest proportion in at least one season for large sizes of alewife, bloater, and rainbow smelt, as well as slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) and deepwater sculpin (Myoxocephalus thompsonii). The diets of the remaining two species, ninespine stickleback (Pungitius pungitius) and round goby (Neogobius melanostomus), were dominated by herbivorous cladocerans or dreissenid mussels, respectively. Interspecific diet overlap was minimal at 18 and 46 m. In offshore waters, however, overlap was relatively high, driven by frequent consumption of Mysis. Relative to 1994–1995, 2010 diets revealed increased feeding on calanoid copepods and Mysis, with corresponding declining consumption of Diporeia spp. and herbivorous cladocerans. Relative diet weight was also higher in 1994–1995 than in 2010 for small and large bloater and both sculpin species. We hypothesize that the shifts in diets are reflective of community-level changes in invertebrate prey availability.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2015.07.011","usgsCitation":"Bunnell, D., Davis, B.M., Chriscinske, M.A., Keeler, K.M., and Mychek-Londer, J., 2015, Diet shifts by planktivorous and benthivorous fishes in northern Lake Michigan in response to ecosystem changes: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 41, no. Suppl. 3, p. 161-171, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2015.07.011.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"171","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058260","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312207,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312139,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0380133015001495"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin and Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Sturgeon Bay and Frankfort","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.40859985351561,\n 44.90841397875737\n ],\n [\n -87.38800048828125,\n 44.89090425391711\n ],\n [\n -87.38456726074219,\n 44.8699828720045\n ],\n [\n -87.38388061523438,\n 44.839316876761046\n ],\n [\n -87.35916137695312,\n 44.825195295107505\n ],\n [\n -87.34268188476562,\n 44.820812031724444\n ],\n [\n -87.32139587402344,\n 44.79937794671695\n ],\n [\n -87.28843688964844,\n 44.80522439622254\n ],\n [\n -87.27470397949219,\n 44.815454257230414\n ],\n [\n -87.264404296875,\n 44.800839614637205\n ],\n [\n -87.26783752441405,\n 44.78134766441459\n ],\n [\n -87.28294372558594,\n 44.76818687659432\n ],\n [\n -87.30697631835936,\n 44.77062428581206\n ],\n [\n -87.31590270996094,\n 44.782809789027425\n ],\n [\n -87.31521606445311,\n 44.794992720781046\n ],\n [\n -87.34336853027344,\n 44.810583121135906\n ],\n [\n -87.35984802246094,\n 44.82032498188776\n ],\n [\n -87.39349365234375,\n 44.8310391278729\n ],\n [\n -87.41065979003906,\n 44.861709529639704\n ],\n [\n -87.43194580078124,\n 44.88068778527483\n ],\n [\n -87.4346923828125,\n 44.887498965976505\n ],\n [\n -87.42027282714844,\n 44.886525989535045\n ],\n [\n -87.42576599121094,\n 44.89041779655458\n ],\n [\n -87.43263244628906,\n 44.89771422497743\n ],\n [\n -87.43125915527344,\n 44.90695503868511\n ],\n [\n -87.41615295410155,\n 44.91181802825403\n ],\n [\n -87.40859985351561,\n 44.90841397875737\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.25778198242188,\n 44.66767620116954\n ],\n [\n -86.36489868164062,\n 44.66181582895674\n ],\n [\n -86.34567260742188,\n 44.595356872562256\n ],\n [\n -86.32781982421875,\n 44.569925985528336\n ],\n [\n -86.2481689453125,\n 44.57286088638149\n ],\n [\n -86.22207641601562,\n 44.577752058683366\n ],\n [\n -86.25778198242188,\n 44.66767620116954\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"Suppl. 3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"566c01d4e4b09cfe53ca5ac4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bunnell, David B. dbunnell@usgs.gov","contributorId":141167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunnell","given":"David B.","email":"dbunnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":581828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, Bruce M. bmdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":4227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Bruce","email":"bmdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chriscinske, Margret Ann 0000-0002-9930-0630 mchriscinske@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9930-0630","contributorId":4416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chriscinske","given":"Margret","email":"mchriscinske@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keeler, Kevin M.","contributorId":139751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keeler","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12902,"text":"MI State UNiversity","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mychek-Londer, Justin G.","contributorId":64138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mychek-Londer","given":"Justin G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70156299,"text":"70156299 - 2015 - First national-scale reconnaissance of neonicotinoid insecticides in streams across the USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:47:05","indexId":"70156299","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-19T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1529,"text":"Environmental Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"First national-scale reconnaissance of neonicotinoid insecticides in streams across the USA","docAbstract":"To better understand the fate and transport of neonicotinoid insecticides, water samples were collected from streams across the United States. In a nationwide study, at least one neonicotinoid was detected in 53 % of the samples collected, with imidacloprid detected most frequently (37 %), followed by clothianidin (24 %), thiamethoxam (21 %), dinotefuran (13 %), acetamiprid (3 %) and thiacloprid (0 %). Clothianidin and thiamethoxam concentrations were positively related to the percentage of the land use in cultivated crop production and imidacloprid concentrations were positively related to the percentage of urban area within the basin. Additional sampling was also conducted in targeted research areas to complement these national-scale results, including determining: (1) neonicotinoid concentrations during elevated flow conditions in an intensely agricultural region; (2) temporal patterns of neonicotinoids in heavily urbanised basins; (3) neonicotinoid concentrations in agricultural basins in a nationally important ecosystem; and (4) in-stream transport of neonicotinoids near a wastewater treatment plant. Across all study areas, at least one neonicotinoid was detected in 63 % of the 48 streams sampled.
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Cyclic LP “drumbeating” was the characteristic seismicity accompanying the sustained dome-building phase of the 2004–2008 eruption of Mount St. Helens (MSH), WA. However, together with the LP drumbeating was a near-continuous, randomly occurring series of tiny LP seismic events (LP “subevents”), which may hold important additional information on the mechanism of seismogenesis at restless volcanoes. We employ template matching, phase-weighted stacking, and full-waveform inversion to image the source mechanism of one multiplet of these LP subevents at MSH in July 2005. The signal-to-noise ratios of the individual events are too low to produce reliable waveform-inversion results, but the events are repetitive and can be stacked. We apply network-based template matching to 8 days of continuous velocity waveform data from 29 June to 7 July 2005 using a master event to detect 822 network triggers. We stack waveforms for 359 high-quality triggers at each station and component, using a combination of linear and phase-weighted stacking to produce clean stacks for use in waveform inversion. The derived source mechanism pointsto the volumetric oscillation (~10 m3) of a subhorizontal crack located at shallow depth (~30 m) in an area to the south of Crater Glacier in the southern portion of the breached MSH crater. A possible excitation mechanism is the sudden condensation of metastable steam from a shallow pressurized hydrothermal system as it encounters cool meteoric water in the outer parts of the edifice, perhaps supplied from snow melt.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2015JB012279","usgsCitation":"Matoza, R.S., Chouet, B.A., Dawson, P.B., Shearer, P., Haney, M.M., Waite, G.P., Moran, S.C., and Mikesell, T.D., 2015, Source mechanism of small long-period events at Mount St. Helens in July 2005 using template matching, phase-weighted stacking, and full-waveform inversion: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 120, no. 9, p. 6351-6364, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JB012279.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"6351","endPage":"6364","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066288","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471869,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7dv8w3bq","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306870,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.2723388671875,\n 46.14939437647686\n ],\n [\n -122.2723388671875,\n 46.283376780187254\n ],\n [\n -122.09793090820311,\n 46.283376780187254\n ],\n [\n -122.09793090820311,\n 46.14939437647686\n ],\n [\n -122.2723388671875,\n 46.14939437647686\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"120","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-09-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d44923e4b0518e3546947c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matoza, Robin S.","contributorId":54873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matoza","given":"Robin","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chouet, Bernard A. 0000-0001-5527-0532 chouet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5527-0532","contributorId":3304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"Bernard","email":"chouet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dawson, Phillip B. dawson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Phillip","email":"dawson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shearer, Peter M.","contributorId":78946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shearer","given":"Peter M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haney, Matthew M. mhaney@usgs.gov","contributorId":2943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haney","given":"Matthew","email":"mhaney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":568437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Waite, Gregory P.","contributorId":146613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Waite","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":16203,"text":"Michigan Technological university","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Moran, Seth C. 0000-0001-7308-9649 smoran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7308-9649","contributorId":548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Seth","email":"smoran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Mikesell, T. 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We estimated consumption of Bythotrephes by planktivorous and benthivorous fishes, using bioenergetics and daily ration models at nearshore (18 m), intermediate (46 m), and offshore (110 m) depths along one western Lake Superior transect (April, and September-November) and two northern Lake Michigan transects (April, July, September). In Lake Superior, consumption (primarily by cisco Coregonus artedi) exceeded Bythotrephes production at all offshore sites in September-November (up to 396% of production consumed) and at the intermediate site in November (842%) with no evidence of consumption nearshore. By comparing Bythotrephes biomass following months of excessive consumption, we conservatively concluded that top-down control was evident only at the offshore site during September-October. In Lake Michigan, consumption by fishes (primarily alewife Alosa pseudoharengus) exceeded production at nearshore sites (up to 178%), but not in deeper sites (< 15%). Evidence for top-down control in the nearshore was not supported, however, as Bythotrephes never subsequently declined. Using generalized additive models, temperature, and not fish consumption, not zooplankton prey density, best explained variability in Bythotrephes biomass. The non-linear pattern revealed Bythotrephes to increase with temperature up to 16 °C, and then decline between 16 and 23 °C. We discuss how temperature likely has direct negative impacts on Bythotrephes when temperatures near 23 °C, but speculate that predation also contributes to declining biomass when temperatures exceed 16 °C.
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performance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-09T12:36:43","indexId":"70155965","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-17T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3647,"text":"Transportation Research Record","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dust control products at Hagerman National Wildlife Refuge, Texas: environmental safety and performance","docAbstract":"Controlling fugitive dust while protecting natural resources is a challenge faced by all managers of unpaved roads. Unfortunately, road managers choosing between dust control products often have little objective environmental information to aid their decisions. To address this information gap, the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service collaborated on a field test of three dust control products with the objectives of (a) evaluating product performance under real-world conditions, (b) verifying the environmental safety of products identified as practically nontoxic in laboratory tests, and (c) testing the feasibility of several environmental monitoring techniques for use in dust control tests. In cooperation with refuge staff and product vendors, three products (one magnesium chloride plus binder, one cellulose, and one synthetic fluid plus binder) were applied in July 2012 to replicated road sections at the Hagerman National Wildlife Refuge in Texas. These sections were monitored periodically for 12 months after application. Product performance was assessed by mobile-mounted particulate-matter meters measuring production of fugitive dust and by observations of road conditions. Environmental safety was evaluated through on-site biological observations and leaching tests with samples of treated aggregate. All products reduced dust and improved surface condition during those 12 months. Planned environmental measurements were not always compatible with day-to-day refuge management actions; this incompatibility highlighted the need for flexible biological monitoring plans. As one of the first field tests of dust suppressants that explicitly incorporated biological endpoints, this effort provides valuable information for improving field tests and for developing laboratory or semifield alternatives.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Research Council","doi":"10.3141/2472-08","usgsCitation":"Kunz, B.K., and Little, E.E., 2015, Dust control products at Hagerman National Wildlife Refuge, Texas: environmental safety and performance: Transportation Research Record, no. 2472, p. 64-71, https://doi.org/10.3141/2472-08.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"64","endPage":"71","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061527","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306871,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Hagerman National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.86576843261717,\n 33.704920213014425\n ],\n [\n -96.86576843261717,\n 33.787707864473006\n ],\n [\n -96.70578002929688,\n 33.787707864473006\n ],\n [\n -96.70578002929688,\n 33.704920213014425\n ],\n [\n -96.86576843261717,\n 33.704920213014425\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","issue":"2472","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d4572fe4b0518e354694b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kunz, Bethany K. 0000-0002-7193-9336 bkunz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7193-9336","contributorId":3798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunz","given":"Bethany","email":"bkunz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":567453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Little, Edward E. 0000-0003-0034-3639 elittle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0034-3639","contributorId":1746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Little","given":"Edward","email":"elittle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":567454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70155976,"text":"70155976 - 2015 - Peclet number as affected by molecular diffusion controls transient anomalous transport in alluvial aquifer-aquitard complexes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T16:29:55","indexId":"70155976","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-13T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Peclet number as affected by molecular diffusion controls transient anomalous transport in alluvial aquifer-aquitard complexes","docAbstract":"This study evaluates the role of the Peclet number as affected by molecular diffusion in transient anomalous transport, which is one of the major knowledge gaps in anomalous transport, by combining Monte Carlo simulations and stochastic model analysis. Two alluvial settings containing either short- or long-connected hydrofacies are generated and used as media for flow and transport modeling. Numerical experiments show that 1) the Peclet number affects both the duration of the power-law segment of tracer breakthrough curves (BTCs) and the transition rate from anomalous to Fickian transport by determining the solute residence time for a given low-permeability layer, 2) mechanical dispersion has a limited contribution to the anomalous characteristics of late-time transport as compared to molecular diffusion due to an almost negligible velocity in floodplain deposits, and 3) the initial source dimensions only enhance the power-law tail of the BTCs at short travel distances. A tempered stable stochastic (TSS) model is then applied to analyze the modeled transport. Applications show that the time-nonlocal parameters in the TSS model relate to the Peclet number, Pe. In particular, the truncation parameter in the TSS model increases nonlinearly with a decrease in Pe due to the decrease of the mean residence time, and the capacity coefficient increases with an increase in molecular diffusion which is probably due to the increase in the number of immobile particles. The above numerical experiments and stochastic analysis therefore reveal that the Peclet number as affected by molecular diffusion controls transient anomalous transport in alluvial aquifer–aquitard complexes.
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wells","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-09T12:47:21","indexId":"70155847","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-12T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organic and inorganic composition and microbiology of produced waters from Pennsylvania shale gas wells","docAbstract":"Hydraulically fractured shales are becoming an increasingly important source of natural gas production in the United States. This process has been known to create up to 420 gallons of produced water (PW) per day, but the volume varies depending on the formation, and the characteristics of individual hydraulic fracture. PW from hydraulic fracturing of shales are comprised of injected fracturing fluids and natural formation waters in proportions that change over time. Across the state of Pennsylvania, shale gas production is booming; therefore, it is important to assess the variability in PW chemistry and microbiology across this geographical span. We quantified the inorganic and organic chemical composition and microbial communities in PW samples from 13 shale gas wells in north central Pennsylvania. Microbial abundance was generally low (66–9400 cells/mL). Non-volatile dissolved organic carbon (NVDOC) was high (7–31 mg/L) relative to typical shallow groundwater, and the presence of organic acid anions (e.g., acetate, formate, and pyruvate) indicated microbial activity. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were detected in four samples (∼1 to 11.7 μg/L): benzene and toluene in the Burket sample, toluene in two Marcellus samples, and tetrachloroethylene (PCE) in one Marcellus sample. VOCs can be either naturally occurring or from industrial activity, making the source of VOCs unclear. Despite the addition of biocides during hydraulic fracturing, H2S-producing, fermenting, and methanogenic bacteria were cultured from PW samples. The presence of culturable bacteria was not associated with salinity or location; although organic compound concentrations and time in production were correlated with microbial activity. Interestingly, we found that unlike the inorganic chemistry, PW organic chemistry and microbial viability were highly variable across the 13 wells sampled, which can have important implications for the reuse and handling of these fluids
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.04.011","usgsCitation":"Akob, D.M., Cozzarelli, I.M., Dunlap, D.S., Rowan, E.L., and Lorah, M.M., 2015, Organic and inorganic composition and microbiology of produced waters from Pennsylvania shale gas wells: Applied Geochemistry, v. 60, p. 116-125, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.04.011.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"116","endPage":"125","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061928","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306602,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Lycoming, 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erowan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5753-6189","contributorId":2075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"Elisabeth","email":"erowan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lorah, Michelle M. 0000-0002-9236-587X mmlorah@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9236-587X","contributorId":1437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorah","given":"Michelle","email":"mmlorah@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70155846,"text":"70155846 - 2015 - Normalization of stable isotope data for carbonate minerals: implementation of IUPAC guideline","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-12T08:49:16","indexId":"70155846","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-12T08:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Normalization of stable isotope data for carbonate minerals: implementation of IUPAC guideline","docAbstract":"Carbonate minerals provide a rich source of geochemical information because their δ13C and δ18O values provide information about surface and subsurface Earth processes. However, a significant problem is that the same δ18O value is not reported for the identical carbonate sample when analyzed in different isotope laboratories in spite of the fact that the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) has provided reporting guidelines for two decades. This issue arises because (1) the δ18O measurements are performed on CO2 evolved by reaction of carbonates with phosphoric acid, (2) the acid-liberated CO2 is isotopically fractionated (enriched in 18O) because it contains only two-thirds of the oxygen from the solid carbonate, (3) this oxygen isotopic fractionation factor is a function of mineralogy, temperature, concentration of the phosphoric acid, and δ18O value of water in the phosphoric acid, (4) researchers may use any one of an assortment of oxygen isotopic fractionation factors that have been published for various minerals at various reaction temperatures, and (5) it sometimes is not clear how one should calculate δ18OVPDB values on a scale normalized such that the δ18O value of SLAP reference water is −55.5 ‰ relative to VSMOW reference water.
\nTo enable researchers worldwide to publish the same δ18O value (within experimental uncertainty) for the same carbonate sample, we have re-evaluated reported acid fractionation factors for calcite at 25, 50, and 75 °C and propose a revised relation for the temperature dependence of oxygen isotopic acid fractionation factor, αCO2(ACID)-calciteαCO2(ACID)-calcite, of
\nwhere T is temperature in kelvin. At 25 °C, αCO2(ACID)-calcite=1.01025αCO2(ACID)-calcite=1.01025, the most commonly accepted value for this quantity. We propose a normalization protocol in which (1) the internationally distributed carbonate isotopic reference materials NBS 18 and NBS 19 are interspersed among carbonate samples analyzed by treatment with phosphoric acid, (2) the δ18O values of the calcite reference materials and the carbonate samples are calculated, respectively, by using the αCO2(ACID)-calciteαCO2(ACID)-calcite relation above and oxygen-isotope acid fractionation factors appropriate for the sample mineralogy and reaction temperature, (3) the δ18O values of solid carbonate samples are determined on the VPDB scale (δ18OVPDB) with IUPAC-recommended scale expansion such that the δ18O of SLAP reference water is −55.5 ‰ relative to VSMOW reference water by normalizing δ18O values of carbonate samples with 2014-IUPAC-recommended δ18O values of NBS 18 and NBS 19, and (4) δ18O values on the VPDB scale are converted to δ18O values on the VSMOW-SLAP scale by using IUPAC recommendations.
\nTo ease calculations in the protocol, a software application titled “Carbon and Oxygen Isotopic Normalization Tool for Carbonates” is available that relies upon IUPAC-recommended δ13C and δ18O values of carbonate isotopic reference materials
\n(http://isotopes.usgs.gov/research/topics/carbonatesnormalizationtool.html).
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2015.02.011","usgsCitation":"Kim, S., Coplen, T.B., and Horita, J., 2015, Normalization of stable isotope data for carbonate minerals: implementation of IUPAC guideline: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 158, p. 276-289, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2015.02.011.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"276","endPage":"289","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062909","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306604,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"158","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55cc6022e4b08400b1fe0fb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kim, Sang-Tae","contributorId":146204,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kim","given":"Sang-Tae","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16624,"text":"School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, ON, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Horita, Juske","contributorId":146205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Horita","given":"Juske","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16625,"text":"Department of Geosciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70155840,"text":"70155840 - 2015 - Origins of geothermal gases at Yellowstone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T10:49:43","indexId":"70155840","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-11T15:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origins of geothermal gases at Yellowstone","docAbstract":"Gas emissions at the Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field (YPVF) reflect open-system mixing of gas species originating from diverse rock types, magmas, and crustal fluids, all combined in varying proportions at different thermal areas. Gases are not necessarily in chemical equilibrium with the waters through which they vent, especially in acid sulfate terrain where bubbles stream through stagnant acid water. Gases in adjacent thermal areas often can be differentiated by isotopic and gas ratios, and cannot be tied to one another solely by shallow processes such as boiling-induced fractionation of a parent liquid. Instead, they inherit unique gas ratios (e.g., CH4/He) from the dominant rock reservoirs where they originate, some of which underlie the Quaternary volcanic rocks. Steam/gas ratios (essentially H2O/CO2) of Yellowstone fumaroles correlate with Ar/He and N2/CO2, strongly suggesting that H2O/CO2 is controlled by addition of steam boiled from water rich in atmospheric gases. Moreover, H2O/CO2 varies systematically with geographic location, such that boiling is more enhanced in some areas than others. The δ13C and 3He/CO2 of gases reflect a dominant mantle origin for CO2 in Yellowstone gas. The mantle signature is most evident at Mud Volcano, which hosts gases with the lowest H2O/CO2, lowest CH4 concentrations and highest He isotope ratios (~16Ra), consistent with either a young subsurface intrusion or less input of crustal and meteoric gas than any other location at Yellowstone. Across the YPVF, He isotope ratios (3He/4He) inversely vary with He concentrations, and reflect varied amounts of long- stored, radiogenic He added to the magmatic endmember within the crust. Similarly, addition of CH4 from organic-rich sediments is common in the eastern thermal areas at Yellowstone. Overall, Yellowstone gases reflect addition of deep, high-temperature magmatic gas (CO2-rich), lower-temperatures crustal gases (4He- and CH4-bearing), and those gases (N2, Ne, Ar) added principally through boiling of the meteoric-water-derived geothermal liquid found in the upper few kilometers. We also briefly explore the pathways by which Cl, F, and S, move through the crust.
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Although the hazard and sustainability literature often frames vulnerability conceptually as a multidimensional issue involving exposure, sensitivity, and resilience to a hazard, assessments often focus on one element or do not recognize the hazard context. We introduce an analytical framework for describing variations in population vulnerability to tsunami hazards that integrates (i) geospatial approaches to identify the number and characteristics of people in hazard zones, (ii) anisotropic path distance models to estimate evacuation travel times to safety, and (iii) cluster analysis to classify communities with similar vulnerability. We demonstrate this approach by classifying 49 incorporated cities, 7 tribal reservations, and 17 counties from northern California to northern Washington that are directly threatened by tsunami waves associated with a Cascadia subduction zone earthquake. Results suggest three primary community groups: (i) relatively low numbers of exposed populations with varied demographic sensitivities, (ii) high numbers of exposed populations but sufficient time to evacuate before wave arrival, and (iii) moderate numbers of exposed populations but insufficient time to evacuate. Results can be used to enhance general hazard-awareness efforts with targeted interventions, such as education and outreach tailored to local demographics, evacuation training, and/or vertical evacuation refuges.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1420309112","collaboration":"Seth Spielman, University of Colorado, Boulder; Mathew C. 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Only one species of diving bird, the black-footed penguin (Spheniscus demersus), has been studied in respect to auditory capabilities (Wever et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 63:676–680, 1969). We, therefore, measured in-air auditory threshold in ten species of diving birds, using the auditory brainstem response (ABR). The average audiogram obtained for each species followed the U-shape typical of birds and many other animals. All species tested shared a common region of the greatest sensitivity, from 1000 to 3000 Hz, although audiograms differed significantly across species. Thresholds of all duck species tested were more similar to each other than to the two non-duck species tested. The red-throated loon (Gavia stellata) and northern gannet (Morus bassanus) exhibited the highest thresholds while the lowest thresholds belonged to the duck species, specifically the lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) and ruddy duck (Oxyura jamaicensis). Vocalization parameters were also measured for each species, and showed that with the exception of the common eider (Somateria mollisima), the peak frequency, i.e., frequency at the greatest intensity, of all species' vocalizations measured here fell between 1000 and 3000 Hz, matching the bandwidth of the most sensitive hearing range.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1007/s00359-015-1024-5","usgsCitation":"Crowell, S.E., Berlin, A., Carr, C.E., Olsen, G.H., Therrien, R.E., Yannuzzi, S.E., and Ketten, D.R., 2015, A comparison of auditory brainstem responses across diving bird species: Journal of Comparative Physiology A, v. 201, no. 8, p. 803-815, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-015-1024-5.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"803","endPage":"815","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066076","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471904,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-015-1024-5","text":"External Repository"},{"id":306780,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"201","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d305aae4b0518e35468ccf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crowell, Sara E.","contributorId":146550,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crowell","given":"Sara","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berlin, Alicia aberlin@usgs.gov","contributorId":4139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berlin","given":"Alicia","email":"aberlin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":566700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carr, Catherine E.","contributorId":146232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carr","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7083,"text":"University of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Olsen, Glenn H. 0000-0002-7188-6203 golsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-6203","contributorId":40918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Glenn","email":"golsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":566702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Therrien, Ronald E.","contributorId":146233,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Therrien","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":16639,"text":"EcoSmart Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yannuzzi, Sally E.","contributorId":146234,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yannuzzi","given":"Sally","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7083,"text":"University of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ketten, Darlene R.","contributorId":146235,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ketten","given":"Darlene","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6706,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70156091,"text":"70156091 - 2015 - Water masses, ocean fronts, and the structure of Antarctic seabird communities: putting the eastern Bellingshausen Sea in perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-21T16:08:42.453927","indexId":"70156091","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1371,"text":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water masses, ocean fronts, and the structure of Antarctic seabird communities: putting the eastern Bellingshausen Sea in perspective","docAbstract":"Waters off the western Antarctic Peninsula (i.e., the eastern Bellingshausen Sea) are unusually complex owing to the convergence of several major fronts. Determining the relative influence of fronts on occurrence patterns of top-trophic species in that area, therefore, has been challenging. In one of the few ocean-wide seabird data syntheses, in this case for the Southern Ocean, we analyzed ample, previously collected cruise data, Antarctic-wide, to determine seabird species assemblages and quantitative relationships to fronts as a way to provide context to the long-term Palmer LTER and the winter Southern Ocean GLOBEC studies in the eastern Bellingshausen Sea. Fronts investigated during both winter (April–September) and summer (October–March) were the southern boundary of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), which separates the High Antarctic from the Low Antarctic water mass, and within which are embedded the marginal ice zone and Antarctic Shelf Break Front; and the Antarctic Polar Front, which separates the Low Antarctic and the Subantarctic water masses. We used clustering to determine species' groupings with water masses, and generalized additive models to relate species' densities, biomass and diversity to distance to respective fronts. Antarctic-wide, in both periods, highest seabird densities and lowest species diversity were found in the High Antarctic water mass. In the eastern Bellingshausen, seabird density in the High Antarctic water mass was lower (as low as half that of winter) than found in other Antarctic regions. During winter, Antarctic-wide, two significant species groups were evident: one dominated by Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) (High Antarctic water mass) and the other by petrels and prions (no differentiation among water masses); in eastern Bellingshausen waters during winter, the one significant species group was composed of species from both Antarctic-wide groups. In summer, Antarctic-wide, a High Antarctic group dominated by Adélie penguins, a Low Antarctic group dominated by petrels, and a Subantarctic group dominated by albatross were evident. In eastern Bellingshausen waters during summer, groups were inconsistent. With regard to frontal features, Antarctic-wide in winter, distance to the ice edge was an important explanatory factor for nine of 14 species, distance to the Antarctic Polar Front for six species and distance to the Shelf Break Front for six species; however, these Antarctic-wide models could not successfully predict spatial relationships of winter seabird density (individual species or total) and biomass in the eastern Bellingshausen. Antarctic-wide in summer, distance to land/Antarctic continent was important for 10 of 18 species, not a surprising result for these summer-time Antarctic breeders, as colonies are associated with ice-free areas of coastal land. Distance to the Shelf Break Front was important for 8 and distance to the southern boundary of the ACC was important for 7 species. These summer models were more successful in predicting eastern Bellingshausen species density and species diversity but failed to predict total seabird density or biomass. Antarctic seabirds appear to respond to fronts in a way similar to that observed along the well-studied upwelling front of the California Current. To understand fully the seabird patterns found in this synthesis, multi-disciplinary at-sea investigations, including a quantified prey field, are needed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Science Direct","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.09.017","usgsCitation":"Ribic, C.A., Ainley, D.G., Ford, R.G., Fraser, W., Tynan, C.T., and Woehler, E.J., 2015, Water masses, ocean fronts, and the structure of Antarctic seabird communities: putting the eastern Bellingshausen Sea in perspective: Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, v. 58, no. 13-16, p. 1695-1709, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.09.017.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1695","endPage":"1709","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-010170","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502621,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Water_masses_ocean_fronts_and_the_structure_of_Antarctic_seabird_communities_Putting_the_eastern_Bellingshausen_Sea_in_perspective/22890020","text":"External Repository"},{"id":306852,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica, Bellingshausen Sea, Southern Ocean, Western Antarctic Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.49218749999999,\n -76.16399261609192\n ],\n [\n -51.591796875,\n -76.16399261609192\n ],\n [\n -51.591796875,\n -56.218923189166624\n ],\n [\n -99.49218749999999,\n -56.218923189166624\n ],\n [\n -99.49218749999999,\n -76.16399261609192\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"13-16","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d45736e4b0518e3546950a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ribic, Christine A. caribic@usgs.gov","contributorId":831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribic","given":"Christine","email":"caribic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":567844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ainley, David G.","contributorId":32039,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ainley","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":34154,"text":"Point Reyes Bird Observatory, Stinson Beach, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ford, R. Glenn","contributorId":75793,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ford","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Glenn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fraser, William R.","contributorId":94277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fraser","given":"William R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tynan, Cynthia T.","contributorId":43208,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tynan","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Woehler, Eric J.","contributorId":39561,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woehler","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70193143,"text":"70193143 - 2015 - Oyster reef restoration supports increased nekton biomass and potential commercial fishery value","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T13:19:08","indexId":"70193143","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3840,"text":"PeerJ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oyster reef restoration supports increased nekton biomass and potential commercial fishery value","docAbstract":"Across the globe, discussions centered on the value of nature drive many conservation and restoration decisions. As a result, justification for management activities increasingly asks for two lines of evidence: (1) biological proof of augmented ecosystem function or service, and (2) monetary valuation of these services. For oyster reefs, which have seen significant global declines and increasing restoration work, the need to provide both biological and monetary evidence of reef services on a local-level has become more critical in a time of declining resources. Here, we quantified species biomass and potential commercial value of nekton collected from restored oyster (Crassostrea virginica) reefs in coastal Louisiana over a 3-year period, providing multiple snapshots of biomass support over time. Overall, and with little change over time, fish and invertebrate biomass is 212% greater at restored oyster reefs than mud-bottom, or 0.12 kg m−2. The additional biomass of commercial species is equivalent to an increase of local fisheries value by 226%, or $0.09 m−2. Understanding the ecosystem value of restoration projects, and how they interact with regional management priorities, is critical to inform local decision-making and provide testable predictions. Quantitative estimates of potential commercial fisheries enhancement by oyster reef restoration such as this one can be used directly by local managers to determine the expected return on investment.
","language":"English","publisher":"PeerJ","doi":"10.7717/peerj.1111","usgsCitation":"Humphries, A.T., and LaPeyre, M.K., 2015, Oyster reef restoration supports increased nekton biomass and potential commercial fishery value: PeerJ, v. 3, p. 1-19, https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1111.","productDescription":"e1111; 19 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"19","ipdsId":"IP-060932","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1111","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":349207,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Sister Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.00387573242188,\n 29.161455709145933\n ],\n [\n -90.80680847167969,\n 29.161455709145933\n ],\n [\n -90.80680847167969,\n 29.280110436303417\n ],\n [\n -91.00387573242188,\n 29.280110436303417\n ],\n [\n -91.00387573242188,\n 29.161455709145933\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fe75e4b06e28e9c252ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Humphries, Austin T.","contributorId":15943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Humphries","given":"Austin","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LaPeyre, Megan K. 0000-0001-9936-2252 mlapeyre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9936-2252","contributorId":585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaPeyre","given":"Megan","email":"mlapeyre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70159890,"text":"70159890 - 2015 - Preserved filamentous microbial biosignatures in the Brick Flat gossan, Iron Mountain, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-03T09:40:22","indexId":"70159890","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":912,"text":"Astrobiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preserved filamentous microbial biosignatures in the Brick Flat gossan, Iron Mountain, California","docAbstract":"A variety of actively precipitating mineral environments preserve morphological evidence of microbial biosignatures. One such environment with preserved microbial biosignatures is the oxidized portion of a massive sulfide deposit, or gossan, such as that at Iron Mountain, California. This gossan may serve as a mineralogical analogue to some ancient martian environments due to the presence of oxidized iron and sulfate species, and minerals that only form in acidic aqueous conditions, in both environments. Evaluating the potential biogenicity of cryptic textures in such martian gossans requires an understanding of how microbial textures form biosignatures on Earth. The iron-oxide-dominated composition and morphology of terrestrial, nonbranching filamentous microbial biosignatures may be distinctive of the underlying formation and preservation processes. The Iron Mountain gossan consists primarily of ferric oxide (hematite), hydrous ferric oxide (HFO, predominantly goethite), and jarosite group minerals, categorized into in situ gossan, and remobilized iron deposits. We interpret HFO filaments, found in both gossan types, as HFO-mineralized microbial filaments based in part on (1) the presence of preserved central filament lumina in smooth HFO mineral filaments that are likely molds of microbial filaments, (2) mineral filament formation in actively precipitating iron-oxide environments, (3) high degrees of mineral filament bending consistent with a flexible microbial filament template, and (4) the presence of bare microbial filaments on gossan rocks. Individual HFO filaments are below the resolution of the Mars Curiosity and Mars 2020 rover cameras, but sinuous filaments forming macroscopic matlike textures are resolvable. If present on Mars, available cameras may resolve these features identified as similar to terrestrial HFO filaments and allow subsequent evaluation for their biogenicity by synthesizing geochemical, mineralogical, and morphological analyses. Sinuous biogenic filaments could be preserved on Mars in an iron-rich environment analogous to Iron Mountain, with the Pahrump Hills region and Hematite Ridge in Gale Crater astentative possibilities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Mary Ann Liebert Inc.","doi":"10.1089/ast.2014.1235","usgsCitation":"Williams, A.J., Sumner, D.Y., Alpers, C.N., Karunatillake, S., and Hofmann, B.A., 2015, Preserved filamentous microbial biosignatures in the Brick Flat gossan, Iron Mountain, California: Astrobiology, v. 15, no. 8, p. 637-668, https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2014.1235.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"637","endPage":"668","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060391","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471915,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2014.1235","text":"External Repository"},{"id":311840,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Brick Flat Gossan, Iron Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.47009277343749,\n 38.4514377951069\n ],\n [\n -122.47009277343749,\n 38.57393751557591\n ],\n [\n -122.22908020019531,\n 38.57393751557591\n ],\n [\n -122.22908020019531,\n 38.4514377951069\n ],\n [\n -122.47009277343749,\n 38.4514377951069\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"566175dfe4b06a3ea36c56e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Amy J.","contributorId":138805,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12532,"text":"Univ. of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sumner, Dawn Y.","contributorId":88997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sumner","given":"Dawn","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Karunatillake, Suniti","contributorId":40125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karunatillake","given":"Suniti","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hofmann, Beda A","contributorId":150177,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hofmann","given":"Beda","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":17928,"text":"Naturhistorisches Museum der Burgergemeinde Bern, Bern, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70188063,"text":"70188063 - 2015 - Evaluating a satellite-based seasonal evapotranspiration product and identifying its relationship with other satellite-derived products and crop yield: A case study for Ethiopia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-30T13:16:13","indexId":"70188063","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2027,"text":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating a satellite-based seasonal evapotranspiration product and identifying its relationship with other satellite-derived products and crop yield: A case study for Ethiopia","docAbstract":"Satellite-derived evapotranspiration anomalies and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) products from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data are currently used for African agricultural drought monitoring and food security status assessment. In this study, a process to evaluate satellite-derived evapotranspiration (ETa) products with a geospatial statistical exploratory technique that uses NDVI, satellite-derived rainfall estimate (RFE), and crop yield data has been developed. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the ETa using the NDVI and RFE, and identify a relationship between the ETa and Ethiopia’s cereal crop (i.e., teff, sorghum, corn/maize, barley, and wheat) yields during the main rainy season. Since crop production is one of the main factors affecting food security, the evaluation of remote sensing-based seasonal ETa was done to identify the appropriateness of this tool as a proxy for monitoring vegetation condition in drought vulnerable and food insecure areas to support decision makers. The results of this study showed that the comparison between seasonal ETa and RFE produced strong correlation (R2 > 0.99) for all 41 crop growing zones in Ethiopia. The results of the spatial regression analyses of seasonal ETa and NDVI using Ordinary Least Squares and Geographically Weighted Regression showed relatively weak yearly spatial relationships (R2 < 0.7) for all cropping zones. However, for each individual crop zones, the correlation between NDVI and ETa ranged between 0.3 and 0.84 for about 44% of the cropping zones. Similarly, for each individual crop zones, the correlation (R2) between the seasonal ETa anomaly and de-trended cereal crop yield was between 0.4 and 0.82 for 76% (31 out of 41) of the crop growing zones. The preliminary results indicated that the ETa products have a good predictive potential for these 31 identified zones in Ethiopia. Decision makers may potentially use ETa products for monitoring cereal crop yields and early warning of food insecurity during drought years for these identified zones.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jag.2015.03.006","usgsCitation":"Tadesse, T., Senay, G.B., Berhan, G., Regassa, T., and Beyene, S., 2015, Evaluating a satellite-based seasonal evapotranspiration product and identifying its relationship with other satellite-derived products and crop yield: A case study for Ethiopia: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, v. 40, p. 39-54, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2015.03.006.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"54","ipdsId":"IP-064424","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471912,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2015.03.006","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341857,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Ethiopia","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[37.90607,14.95943],[38.51295,14.50547],[39.0994,14.74064],[39.34061,14.53155],[40.02625,14.51959],[40.8966,14.11864],[41.1552,13.77333],[41.59856,13.45209],[42.00975,12.86582],[42.35156,12.54223],[42,12.1],[41.66176,11.6312],[41.73959,11.35511],[41.75557,11.05091],[42.31414,11.0342],[42.55493,11.10511],[42.77685,10.92688],[42.55876,10.57258],[42.92812,10.02194],[43.29699,9.54048],[43.67875,9.18358],[46.94834,7.99688],[47.78942,8.003],[44.9636,5.00162],[43.66087,4.95755],[42.76967,4.25259],[42.12861,4.23413],[41.85508,3.91891],[41.1718,3.91909],[40.76848,4.25702],[39.85494,3.83879],[39.55938,3.42206],[38.89251,3.50074],[38.67114,3.61607],[38.43697,3.58851],[38.12092,3.59861],[36.85509,4.44786],[36.15908,4.44786],[35.81745,4.77697],[35.81745,5.33823],[35.29801,5.506],[34.70702,6.59422],[34.25032,6.82607],[34.0751,7.22595],[33.56829,7.71334],[32.95418,7.78497],[33.2948,8.35458],[33.8255,8.37916],[33.97498,8.68456],[33.96162,9.58358],[34.25745,10.63009],[34.73115,10.91017],[34.83163,11.31896],[35.26049,12.08286],[35.86363,12.57828],[36.27022,13.56333],[36.42951,14.42211],[37.59377,14.2131],[37.90607,14.95943]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Ethiopia\"}}]}","volume":"40","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592e84bbe4b092b266f10d42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tadesse, Tsegaye 0000-0002-4102-1137","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4102-1137","contributorId":147617,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tadesse","given":"Tsegaye","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":3114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berhan, Getachew","contributorId":192391,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berhan","given":"Getachew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Regassa, Teshome","contributorId":192395,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Regassa","given":"Teshome","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beyene, Shimelis","contributorId":192396,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beyene","given":"Shimelis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70147943,"text":"ofr20151091 - 2015 - U.S. Geological Survey science for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative—2014 annual report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-21T11:28:11","indexId":"ofr20151091","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-31T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1091","title":"U.S. Geological Survey science for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative—2014 annual report","docAbstract":"This is the seventh report produced by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative (WLCI) to detail annual activities conducted by the USGS for addressing specific management needs identified by WLCI partners. In FY2014, there were 26 projects, including a new one that was completed, two others that were also completed, and several that entered new phases or directions. The 26 projects fall into several categories: (1) synthesizing and analyzing existing data to identify current conditions on the landscape and using the data to develop models for projecting past and future landscape conditions; (2) monitoring indicators of ecosystem conditions and the effectiveness of on-the-ground habitat projects; (3) conducting research to elucidate the mechanisms underlying wildlife and habitat responses to changing land uses; (4) managing and making accessible the large number of databases, maps, and other products being developed; and (5) coordinating efforts among WLCI partners, helping them use USGS-developed decision-support tools, and integrating WLCI outcomes with future habitat enhancement and research projects.
\nThe new (completed) project was the development and publication of a public outreach piece for visitors of Fossil Butte National Monument. The final product was a USGS Fact Sheet that capitalized on previously collected elk-monitoring data to interpret the ecology of the Monument’s elk population and the importance of the Monument’s habitats to this highly visible wildlife species. One of the completed projects entailed developing and evaluating a synthetic approach to high-resolution satellite imagery for use in effectiveness monitoring, which culminated in a journal article. The other completed project was a coalescing of two similar tasks under data and information management that pertain to Web application development and the development of outreach and graphic products into a single integrated project that focuses on developing and maintaining/upgrading Web applications and other tools for visualizing, mapping, and using geospatial data.
\nMajor accomplishments for FY2014 included several publications, including Part B of an energy resources map that (with Part A) depicts coal, wind, oil, gas, oil shale, uranium, and solar energy production in the WLCI region. Two published works associated with sage-grouse included a Wildlife Monograph on prioritizing species’ habitats across large landscapes, multiple seasons, and novel areas (using sage-grouse in Wyoming as an example), and a USGS Data Series report that includes both the data used in the habitat-prioritization models and the habitat prioritization models developed for sage-grouse. Our Science Team also published a framework for conducting large, collaborative projects that rely on geospatial data, and a paper that describes the efficacy of fusing satellite data collected at various resolutions for measuring and monitoring vegetation changes. These products are all invaluable tools for maximizing the efficiency and effectiveness of managing species of concern, conducting future landscape-scale assessments, and monitoring status and trends of landscape conditions.
\nOther highlights of FY2014 included a renewed effort to gather and analyze wildlife and habitat status and trend data for the WLCI Interagency Monitoring Database (IAMD) to assess long-term trends and cumulative effects associated with land-use and climate changes. Water-monitoring efforts included drilling four new groundwater-monitoring wells in the Green and New Fork River basins near the proposed Normally Pressured Lance Formation energy development, and continued data collection at established water-monitoring sites. Three additional wells were sampled as part of the Wyoming Groundwater Monitoring Network, bringing the total to 19 Network wells sampled in the WLCI region since 2010. Combined, these water-monitoring efforts can help to identify potential changes in water quality or levels that may result from land-use changes. Major terrestrial monitoring accomplishments included processing satellite imagery from 1985−2010 to develop a historical perspective of long-term vegetation changes, which can serve as a basis for monitoring current and future trends in sagebrush steppe. Such data are crucial tools for agencies tasked with sage-grouse management and conservation.
\nThe USGS WLCI Science Team also continued monitoring and testing methods for evaluating WLCI habitat treatments designed to promote aspen regeneration and enhance sage-grouse habitat, and to assess how those treatments influence invasive species distributions and ungulate herbivory. Highlights included analyzing field data collected to elucidate the relationships between sage-grouse habitat use and the proximity of energy infrastructure, and using new instruments to measure productivity responses of aspen woodlands to various factors.
\nNumerous FY2014 accomplishments specifically addressed agency needs to manage and conserve Wyoming’s wildlife species of concern. A pygmy rabbit habitat model and Wyoming distribution map were completed to identify factors associated with rabbit habitat occupancy. Previous work on sage-grouse population dynamics was expanded to better understand the factors that drive long-term viability of sage-grouse populations and to develop a tool that helps to identify key factors limiting sage-grouse persistence in Wyoming. Field work and data analyses continued for elucidating the relationships between sagebrush songbird abundance and productivity, the intensity of energy development, and community dynamics of nest predators. For the mule deer study, mixed mountain shrublands important to migrating and wintering mule deer were mapped and delivered to WLCI partners. Additionally, the relationships between energy development and crucial winter habitat for mule deer were evaluated, and a new phase of work was implemented to better understand relationships between plant phenology and mule deer migration movements. Finally, initial analyses of data collected to evaluate fish-community composition in relation to habitat quality indicate that water quality, as measured by concentrations of hydrocarbons, water temperature, and others parameters, has been diminished in subwatersheds with higher levels of energy development. Overall, the outcomes and products of these wildlife studies contribute significantly to the information and tools needed for addressing effects of land-use changes on Wyoming’s species of concern.
\nFinally, capabilities of the WLCI Web site and the USGS ScienceBase infrastructure were maintained and upgraded to help ensure access to and efficient use of all the WLCI data, products, assessment tools, and outreach materials that have been developed. Of particular note is the completion of three Web applications developed for mapping (1) the 1900−2008 progression of oil and gas development;(2) the predicted distributions of Wyoming’s Species of Greatest Conservation Need; and (3) the locations of coal and wind energy production, sage-grouse distribution and core management areas, and alternative routes for transmission lines within the WLCI region. Collectively, these applications tools provide WLCI planners and managers with powerful tools for better understanding the distributions of wildlife species and potential alternatives for energy development.
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