{"pageNumber":"135","pageRowStart":"3350","pageSize":"25","recordCount":4111,"records":[{"id":85771,"text":"85771 - 1992 - The Florida manatee, Trichechus manatus latirostris","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:02","indexId":"85771","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The Florida manatee, Trichechus manatus latirostris","docAbstract":"Abstract not supplied at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rare and Endangered Biota of Florida. Volume 1. Mammals.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"University Press Florida","publisherLocation":"Gainesville, FL","usgsCitation":"O'Shea, T., and Ludlow, M., 1992, The Florida manatee, Trichechus manatus latirostris, chap. of Rare and Endangered Biota of Florida. Volume 1. Mammals., v. 1, p. 190-200.","productDescription":"p. 190-200","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127731,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c7e4","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Humphrey, S.R.","contributorId":100312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Humphrey","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504800,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"O'Shea, T. J. 0000-0002-0758-9730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-9730","contributorId":50100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Shea","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ludlow, M.E.","contributorId":96208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludlow","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":85766,"text":"85766 - 1992 - Okaloosa darter Etheostoma okaloosae","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:01","indexId":"85766","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Okaloosa darter Etheostoma okaloosae","docAbstract":"Abstract not supplied at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rare and Endangered Biota of Florida. Volume 2. Fishes.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"University Press of Florida","publisherLocation":"Gainesville, FL","usgsCitation":"Burkhead, N., and Williams, J., 1992, Okaloosa darter Etheostoma okaloosae, chap. of Rare and Endangered Biota of Florida. Volume 2. Fishes., v. 2, p. 23-30.","productDescription":"p. 23-30","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128021,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af3e4b07f02db691c6c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Gilbert, Carter R.","contributorId":7667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilbert","given":"Carter","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504792,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Burkhead, N.M.","contributorId":34456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkhead","given":"N.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, J.D.","contributorId":74701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185140,"text":"70185140 - 1992 - Roosting behavior of premigratory Dunlins (Calidris alpina)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-20T11:31:40","indexId":"70185140","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Roosting behavior of premigratory Dunlins (Calidris alpina)","docAbstract":"

We studied roosting behavior of Dunlins (Calidris alpina) during late summer along the coast of the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, in relation to tidal cycle, time of day, time of season, and occurrence of predators. Within Angyoyaravak Bay, peak populations of 70,000-100,000 Dunlins occur each year. The major diurnal roost sites were adjacent to intertidal feeding areas, provided an unobstructed view of predators, and were close to shallow waters used for bathing. At one site studied intensively, roosting flocks formed at high water consistently during the day but rarely at night. On about 75% of the days, Dunlins also came to the roost at dawn and dusk when the tide was low. The size of the roosting flock, the length of time birds spent at the roost site, and behavior at the roost site were highly variable throughout the season and significantly affected by both tide level and time of day. Roosting behavior changed significantly between early and late August, as Dunlins underwent heavy wing and body molt, and began premigratory fattening. The reaction of Dunlins to potential predators, the formation of roosting flocks in response to light cues, and seasonal changes in social behavior at the roost site suggested that communal roosting behavior may be related not only to the risk of predation but also to behavior during migration.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4088266","usgsCitation":"Handel, C.M., and Gill, R., 1992, Roosting behavior of premigratory Dunlins (Calidris alpina): The Auk, v. 109, no. 1, p. 57-72, https://doi.org/10.2307/4088266.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"72","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480359,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4088266","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337623,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta","volume":"109","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ca5301e4b0849ce97c875e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Handel, Colleen M. 0000-0002-0267-7408 cmhandel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-7408","contributorId":3067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handel","given":"Colleen","email":"cmhandel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016618,"text":"70016618 - 1992 - Speciation in experimental C-O-H fluids produced by the thermal dissociation of oxalic acid dihydrate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-12T15:41:14.416586","indexId":"70016618","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Speciation in experimental C-O-H fluids produced by the thermal dissociation of oxalic acid dihydrate","docAbstract":"

Fluid speciations and their related reaction pathways were studied in C-O-H-system fluids produced by the thermal dissociation of oxalic acid dihydrate (OAD: H2C2O4 · 2H2O) sealed in silica glass capsules. Experiments were conducted in the temperature range 230–750°C, with bulk fluid densities in the range 0.01–0.53 g/cm3. Pressure was controlled by temperature and density in the isochoric systems. The quenched products of dissociation experiments were an aqueous liquid and one (supercritical fluid) or, rarely, two (vapor plus liquid) carbonic phase (s). In-situ Raman microanalyses were performed on the quenched carbonic phases at room temperature, at which fluid pressures ranged from about 50 to 340 bars. Bulk fluid speciations were reconstructed from the Raman analyses via mass balance constraints, and appear to monitor the true fluid speciations at run conditions. In experiments from the lowtemperature range (230–350°C), fluid speciations record the dissociation of OAD according to the reaction OAD = CO2 + CO + 3H2O. A process of the form CO + H2O = CO2 + H2 is driven to the right with increasing temperature. The hydrogen gas produced tends to escape from the sample systems via diffusion into/through the silica glass capsules, shifting bulk compositions toward equimolar binary H2O-CO2 mixtures.

The speciations of fluids in experiments with minimal hydrogen loss show poor agreement with speciations calculated for equilibrium fluids by the corresponding-states model of Saxena and Fei (1988). Such disagreement suggests that the formations of CH4 and graphite are metastably inhibited in the current experiments, which correlates with their absence or trivial abundances in experimental products. Moreover, calculations in which the stabilities of methane and graphite are suppressed suggest that such metastable equilibrium is approached only in experiments at temperatures greater than about 600–650°C. These results have applications to fluid processes in geological environments, in addition to considerations of using oxalate compounds as volatile sources in experimental studies. It is possible that disequilibrium or metastable fluids may be entrapped as inclusions; re-speciation (toward metastable or stable equilibrium) during P-T evolution of a given terrain would place the fluid inclusion on a new isochore that would not project through the original conditions of entrapment. Moreover, the disequilibrium to metastable nature of dissociation reactions, coupled with the diffusional mobility of hydrogen gas observed in the current experiments, suggests that the predominance of binary H2O-CO2 fluid mixtures in natural inclusions from medium- to high-grade metamorphic terrains may be more than a coincidence of similar initial bulk compositions.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(92)90133-4","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Morgan, V.G., Chou, I., and Pasteris, J.D., 1992, Speciation in experimental C-O-H fluids produced by the thermal dissociation of oxalic acid dihydrate: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 56, no. 1, p. 281-294, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(92)90133-4.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"281","endPage":"294","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224979,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94eae4b08c986b31acbb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morgan, VI G.B.","contributorId":68488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"VI","email":"","middleInitial":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chou, I.-M. 0000-0001-5233-6479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":44283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I.-M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":374051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pasteris, J. D.","contributorId":97640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pasteris","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017273,"text":"70017273 - 1992 - Variation of rock-forming metals in sub-annual increments of modern Greenland snow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-09T18:06:23.045111","indexId":"70017273","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":925,"text":"Atmospheric Environment - Part A General Topics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation of rock-forming metals in sub-annual increments of modern Greenland snow","docAbstract":"

Modern snowpack from central south Greenland was sampled in sub-seasonal increments and analysed for a suite of major, minor and trace rock-forming metals (K, Rb, Cs, Ca, Sr, Ba). There is a sharp seasonal concentration maximum for all six metals that comes in summer, later than mid-June. Metal concentrations in all other parts of the year's snowpack are up to 10 or more times smaller. The concentration maximum is preceded by low values in autumn-winter, very low values in early-mid-spring, and moderate-to-high values in late spring-early summer; this pattern is seen consistently in three-separate time stratigraphic intervals representing the same seasonal periods, spanning the time interval 1981–1984. The absolute concentration values of the snow strata representing the low-concentration portion of the year, autumn-winter-spring, may vary substantially from year to year, by a factor of two, or more.

The finding that all rock-forming metals are at a sharp concentration maximum in late summer contrasts with the interpretations of several other studies in high-latitude northern regions. Those studies have reported a broad maximum of continental dust-associated metals in late winter and spring. However, samples of the other studies have mostly come from regions farther to the north, and the analyses have emphasized industrial pollutant metals rather than the matched rock-forming suite of the present study.

The metals measured were chosen to give information about the origin and identity of the rock and soil dusts, and sea salts, present as impurities in the snow. Metal ratios indicate that the dusts in the snowpacks are of continental origin and from ferromagnesian rocks. Source rock types for dusts in central south Greenland snow contrast with the felsic rock dusts of the Sierra Nevada, CA, annual snowpacks, and with the very felsic rock dusts in large south central Alaskan mountain glaciers. Samples in which masses of sea salt are much larger than those of rock dusts may be identified by small changes in metal ratios caused by moderate increases of K and Ca from marine sources, nearly unaccompanied by the minor and trace metals Rb, Cs and Ba, that are very rare in the oceans.

A sampling frequency, such as that of the present study, that divides a year's accumulation into 8–10 subsamples is sufficient to reveal details of the time pattern of variation in proportions and concentrations of metals that give information about atmospheric deposition of important types of earth materials.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0960-1686(92)90359-S","issn":"00046981","usgsCitation":"Hinkley, T.K., 1992, Variation of rock-forming metals in sub-annual increments of modern Greenland snow: Atmospheric Environment - Part A General Topics, v. 26 A, no. 13, p. 2283-2293, https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(92)90359-S.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2283","endPage":"2293","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224540,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Greenland","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -48.61331539242025,\n 64.67434822891337\n ],\n [\n -48.61331539242025,\n 62.66873105505019\n ],\n [\n -43.430498617816,\n 62.66873105505019\n ],\n [\n -43.430498617816,\n 64.67434822891337\n ],\n [\n -48.61331539242025,\n 64.67434822891337\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26 A","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc171e4b08c986b32a58d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinkley, T. K. 0000-0001-8507-6271","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8507-6271","contributorId":78731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkley","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017278,"text":"70017278 - 1992 - Laser-excited fluorescence of rare earth elements in fluorite: Initial observations with a laser Raman microprobe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-12T15:59:19.869888","indexId":"70017278","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Laser-excited fluorescence of rare earth elements in fluorite: Initial observations with a laser Raman microprobe","docAbstract":"

Fluorescence emission spectra of three samples of fluorite containing 226–867 ppm total rare earth elements (REE) were excited by visible and ultraviolet wavelength lines of an argon ion laser and recorded with a Raman microprobe spectrometer system. Narrow emission lines (< 1 nm) due to 4f-4f electron transitions in individual trivalent REE (Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu?, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm) were observed in the wavelength range of 400–900 nm. Emission from individual REE occur in bands of overlapping lines in the wavelength intervals of 470–495 nm, 535–560 nm, 565–580 nm, 585–620 nm, 640–643 nm, 671.4 nm, and 758.2 nm. A broad band at 419 nm excited by the 363.8-nm ultraviolet line of the laser is due to a 4f-5 d transition in Eu2+. Two bands of enigmatic origin are a narrow line at 682.8 nm present at all excitation wavelengths in only one sample and a broad band at 720 nm. We have tentatively assigned individual REE to specific lines in each emission band based on selection rules for strongly and weakly allowed 4f-4f transitions and the position of absorption and emission bands documented in the literature for REE in CaF2 and LaF3 host crystals.

Working curves of integrated peak intensity of emission from Er3+ and Eu2+ vs. ppm measured by ICP-MS give linear log-log fits with R2 > 0.9 for Eu2+ and 0.99 for Er3+. Detection limits for three micrometer spots are about 0.01 ppm Eu2+ and 0.07 ppm Er3+. These limits are less than chondrite abundance for Eu and Er, demonstrating the potential microprobe analytical applications of laser-excited fluorescence of REE in fluorite. However, application of this technique to common rock-forming minerals may be hampered by competition between fluorescence emission and radiationless energy transfer processes involving lattice phonons.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(92)90355-M","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Burruss, R., Ging, T., Eppinger, R., and Samson, A., 1992, Laser-excited fluorescence of rare earth elements in fluorite: Initial observations with a laser Raman microprobe: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 56, no. 7, p. 2713-2723, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(92)90355-M.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2713","endPage":"2723","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224639,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44b6e4b0c8380cd66d09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burruss, R.C. 0000-0001-6827-804X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6827-804X","contributorId":99574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burruss","given":"R.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ging, T.G.","contributorId":25303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ging","given":"T.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eppinger, R. G.","contributorId":100837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eppinger","given":"R. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Samson, a.M.","contributorId":30370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samson","given":"a.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70016941,"text":"70016941 - 1992 - Water, CO2, Cl, and F in melt inclusions in phenocrysts from three Holocene explosive eruptions, Crater Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-24T12:12:30","indexId":"70016941","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water, CO2, Cl, and F in melt inclusions in phenocrysts from three Holocene explosive eruptions, Crater Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"

Rare melt inclusions ~ 100 μm in diameter trapped near the boundaries of corroded patchy zones in plagioclase phenocrysts from Plinian pumice of three Holocene eruptions were analyzed by IR spectroscopy for molecular H2O, OH groups, and CO2and by electron microprobe for Cl and F. The three rhyodacitic eruptions, each of which began with a Plinian phase, occurred over ~200 yr. The Llao Rock and Cleetwood eruptions ended with degassed lava flows and the subsequent climactic eruption with voluminous ignimbrite. Groundmass glass and melt inclusion compositions (anhydrous) are similar. Inclusions with total H2O concentrations of 1.2–3.4 wt% are adjacent to fractures or are hourglass inclusions, suggesting partial degassing caused by depressurization. Melt inclusions in phenocrysts in climactic ignimbrite may have vesiculated for the same reason. Intact inclusions in Plinian pumices have total H2O concentrations believed to represent magmatic H2O contents (wt%): Llao Rock, 5.3, 5.3; Cleetwood,3.8,4.7; climactic 3.9 ± 0.2 (1σ, n = 6). Ratios of OH/molecular H2O indicate closure temperatures of 200–500 °C that reflect syn- or posteruptive cooling. CO2 concentrations are ≤25 ppm. H2O and CO2 concentrations indicate saturation pressures of 1.0–1.8 kbar or depths ≥5 km. Six inclusions from climactic pumice average 400 ± 40 (1σ) ppm F, 1880 ± 70 ppm Cl. F and Cl concentrations of the other samples are similar and not well correlated with each other or with total H2O.

Location of melt inclusions near boundaries of patchy zones, which are mantled by oscillatory-zoned overgrowths, suggests that their H2O concentrations represent magmatic values significantly before eruption. Although mean H2O concentrations of analyzed melt inclusions decrease for the three successive eruptions, it is not certain that this indicates a corresponding change in magmatic H2O content during the interval between eruptions.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Bacon, C., Newman, S., and Stolper, E., 1992, Water, CO2, Cl, and F in melt inclusions in phenocrysts from three Holocene explosive eruptions, Crater Lake, Oregon: American Mineralogist, v. 77, no. 9-10, p. 1021-1030.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1021","endPage":"1030","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Crater Lake","volume":"77","issue":"9-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bccd7e4b08c986b32dd60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bacon, C. R. 0000-0002-2165-5618","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":21522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":374925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newman, Sally","contributorId":191450,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newman","given":"Sally","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stolper, E.","contributorId":54350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolper","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016921,"text":"70016921 - 1992 - An Appalachian isochron: A kaolinized Carboniferous air-fall volcanic-ash deposit (tonstein)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-26T22:41:07.570975","indexId":"70016921","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An Appalachian isochron: A kaolinized Carboniferous air-fall volcanic-ash deposit (tonstein)","docAbstract":"

The Fire Clay tonstein is a kaolinized, airfall volcanic ash bed that was deposited in a widespread late Carboniferous peat-forming mire. Eleven samples from Kentucky and West Virginia, spanning a distance of 200 km, and two samples from Tennessee and Virginia indicate a characteristic mineralogical signature, as compared with other Appalachian tonsteins, consisting of well-crystallized kaolinite, beta-quartz crystal paramorphs, sanidine, ilmenite, zircon, and brookite. Detrital illite and quartz are rarely present or are in very small amounts, which indicates rapid deposition in a mire. Several normal graded cycles in this tonstein suggest repeated episodes of pyroclastic activity that produced a composite ash layer.

A high-silica alkalic rhyolitic source is suggested by the geochemistry of immobile elements and by electron-probe analyses of glass inclusions in volcanic quartz from the Fire Clay tonstein. The rare-earth-element plots (chondrite normalized) of the tonstein show a pronounced negative Eu anomaly and relatively high concentrations of Zr and Th, which are both indicative of a rhyolitic source. Probe analyses of the Fire Clay glass inclusions from four states indicate a chemically identical high-silica rhyolite with peraluminous affinities.

40Ar/39Ar sanidine plateau dating indicates an age of 312 ± 1 Ma for the Fire Clay tonstein, which is consistent with previous 40Ar/39Ar dates for this tonstein. This age is in agreement with a late Westphalian B age in the European Carboniferous chronostratigraphy on the basis of an age of 311 Ma for the Westphalian B/C boundary.

A new isopachous map of the Fire Clay ash-fall deposit indicates an area of 37,000 km2 and a probable source to the present-day southwest. The deposit has a minimum preserved compacted volume of 2.8 km3, which corresponds to an original uncompacted volume of about 20 km3. This preserved volume indicates an ultraplinian volcanic explosion. Pindell and Dewey (1982) proposed an Andean-type arc in this block during the late Carboniferous, prior to South American-North American plate collision. We hypothesize an associated back-arc caldera system in the Yucatan block to explain the high-silica, potassic rhyolitic ash that gave rise to the Fire Clay tonstein.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1992)104<1515:AAIAKC>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Lyons, P., 1992, An Appalachian isochron: A kaolinized Carboniferous air-fall volcanic-ash deposit (tonstein): Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 104, no. 11, p. 1515-1527, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1992)104<1515:AAIAKC>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1515","endPage":"1527","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224762,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.78615179446737,\n 39.20931093502901\n ],\n [\n -84.78615179446737,\n 35.90066001192099\n ],\n [\n -81.09474554446747,\n 35.90066001192099\n ],\n [\n -81.09474554446747,\n 39.20931093502901\n ],\n [\n -84.78615179446737,\n 39.20931093502901\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"104","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9d1e4b0c8380cd4849b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lyons, P.C.","contributorId":87285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2002246,"text":"2002246 - 1992 - Rare plants of Anacapa, Santa Barbara, and San Miguel in Channel Islands National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:02","indexId":"2002246","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":91,"text":"Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"47","title":"Rare plants of Anacapa, Santa Barbara, and San Miguel in Channel Islands National Park","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"University of California, NPS Cooperative Park Studies Unit","usgsCitation":"Halvorson, W.L., Clark, R., and Soiseth, C., 1992, Rare plants of Anacapa, Santa Barbara, and San Miguel in Channel Islands National Park: Technical Report 47.","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6491f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halvorson, W. L.","contributorId":26246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halvorson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, R.A.","contributorId":13168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Soiseth, C.R.","contributorId":51231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soiseth","given":"C.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017187,"text":"70017187 - 1992 - Geochemical evolution of Jurassic diorites from the Bristol Lake region, California, USA, and the role of assimilation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:48","indexId":"70017187","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical evolution of Jurassic diorites from the Bristol Lake region, California, USA, and the role of assimilation","docAbstract":"Late Jurassic dioritic plutons from the Bristol Lake region of the eastern Mojave Desert share several geochemical attributes with high-alumina basalts, continental hawaiite basalts, and high-K are andesites including: high K2O concentrations; high Al2O3 (16-19 weight %); elevated Zr/TiO2; LREE (light-rare-earth-element) enrichment (La/YbCN=6.3-13.3); and high Nb. Pearce element ratio analysis supported by petrographic relations demonstrates that P, Hf, and Zr were conserved during differentiation. Abundances of conserved elements suggest that dioritic plutons from neighboring ranges were derived from similar parental melts. In the most voluminous suite, correlated variations in elemental concentrations and (87Sr/86Sr)i indicate differentiation by fractional crystallization of hornblende and plagioclase combined with assimilation of a component characterized by abundant radiogenic Sr. Levenberg-Marquardt and Monte Carlo techniques were used to obtain optimal solutions to non-linear inverse models for fractional crystallization-assimilation processes. Results show that the assimilated material was chemically analogous to lower crustal mafic granulites and that the mass ratio of contaminant to parental magma was on the order of 0.1. Lack of enrichment in 18O with differentiation is consistent with the model results. Elemental concentrations and O, Sr, and Nd isotopic data point to a hydrous REE-enriched subcontinental lithospheric source similar to that which produced some Cenozoic continental hawaiites from the southern Cordillera. Isotopic compositions of associated granitoids suggest that partial melting of this subcontinental lithosphere may have been an important process in the development of the Late Jurassic plutonic arc of the eastern Mojave Desert. ?? 1992 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00310883","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Young, E., Wooden, J.L., Shieh, Y., and Farber, D., 1992, Geochemical evolution of Jurassic diorites from the Bristol Lake region, California, USA, and the role of assimilation: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 110, no. 1, p. 68-86, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00310883.","startPage":"68","endPage":"86","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205519,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310883"},{"id":224634,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"110","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1635e4b0c8380cd550ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, E.D.","contributorId":69307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shieh, Y.-N.","contributorId":21696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shieh","given":"Y.-N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Farber, D.","contributorId":53532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farber","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70017240,"text":"70017240 - 1992 - Ages, rare-earth element enrichment, and petrogenesis of tholeiitic and alkalic basalts from Kahoolawe Island, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-06T00:20:31.585098","indexId":"70017240","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ages, rare-earth element enrichment, and petrogenesis of tholeiitic and alkalic basalts from Kahoolawe Island, Hawaii","docAbstract":"

Kahoolawe Island, Hawaii (18×11 km), is a basaltic shield volcano with caldera-filling lavas, seven identified postshield vents, and at least two occurrences of apparent rejuvenated-stage eruptive. We examined 42 samples that represent all stages of Kahoolawe volcano stratigraphy for their petrography, whole-rock major-and trace-element contents, mineral compositions, and K−Ar ages. The two oldest shield samples have an average age of 1.34±0.08 Ma, and four postshield samples (3 are alkalic) average 1.15±0.03 Ma; ages of 1.08 and 0.99 Ma for two additional tholeiitic samples probably are minimum ages. Whole-rock major- and trace-element and mineral compositions of Kahoolawe shield and caldera-fill laves are generally similar to the lavas forming Kilauea and Mauna Loa tholeiitic shields, but in detail, Kahoolawe shield lavas have distinctive compositions. An unusual aspect of many postshield Ka-hoolawe lavas is anomalously high REE and Y abundances (up to 200 ppm La and 175 ppm Y) and negative Ce anomalies. These enrichments reflect surficial processes, where weathering and soil development promoted REE-Y transport at the weathering front. Major element abundances (MgO, 10–6 wt.%) for shield and caldera-fill basalts are consistent with fractionation of ol+px+pl in frequently replenished magma reservoirs. In general, tholeiitic basalts erupted from late vents are higher in SiO2 than the shield lavas, and temporal differences in parental magma compositions are the likely explanation. Alkalic basalts that erupted from vents are comparable in composition to those at other Hawaiian volcanoes. Trace-element abundance ratios indicate that alkalic basalts represent either relatively lower degrees of melting of the shield source or a distinct source. Apparent rejuvenated-stage basalts (i.e., emplaced after substantial Kahoolawe erosion) are tholeiitic, unlike the rejuvenated-stages at other Hawaiian volcanoes (alkalic). Kahoolawe, like several other Hawaiian volcanoes, has intercalated tholeiitic and alkalic basalts in the postshield stage, but it is the only volcano that appears to have produced tholeiitic rejuvenated-stage lavas.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00344080","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Fodor, R., Frey, F., Bauer, G., and Clague, D., 1992, Ages, rare-earth element enrichment, and petrogenesis of tholeiitic and alkalic basalts from Kahoolawe Island, Hawaii: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 110, no. 4, p. 442-462, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00344080.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"442","endPage":"462","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kahoolawe Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.73507690429688,\n 20.486200430098492\n ],\n [\n -156.49887084960938,\n 20.486200430098492\n ],\n [\n -156.49887084960938,\n 20.632784250388028\n ],\n [\n -156.73507690429688,\n 20.632784250388028\n ],\n [\n -156.73507690429688,\n 20.486200430098492\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"110","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e906e4b0c8380cd48052","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fodor, R.V.","contributorId":106638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fodor","given":"R.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frey, F.A.","contributorId":12618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frey","given":"F.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bauer, G.R.","contributorId":68890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clague, D.A.","contributorId":36129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clague","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70017159,"text":"70017159 - 1992 - Garnet/high-silica rhyolite trace element partition coefficients measured by ion microprobe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-25T11:02:20","indexId":"70017159","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Garnet/high-silica rhyolite trace element partition coefficients measured by ion microprobe","docAbstract":"

Garnet/liquid trace element partition coefficients have been measured in situ by ion microprobe in a rhyolite from Monache Mountain, California. Partition coefficients are reported for La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Dy, Er, Yb, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Sr, Y, and Zr. The in situ analyses avoid the problem of contamination of the garnet phase by trace element-rich accessory minerals encountered in traditional bulk phenocryst/matrix partitioning studies. The partitioning pattern for the rare earth elements (REEs, excluding Eu) is smooth and rises steeply from the light to the heavy REEs with no sharp kinks or changes in slope, unlike patterns for garnet /silicic liquid REE partitioning determined by bulk methods. This difference suggests that the previous determinations by bulk methods are in error, having suffered from contamination of the phenocryst separates.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(92)90336-H","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Sisson, T.W., and Bacon, C.R., 1992, Garnet/high-silica rhyolite trace element partition coefficients measured by ion microprobe: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 56, no. 5, p. 2133-2136, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(92)90336-H.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"2133","endPage":"2136","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14bbe4b0c8380cd54b38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sisson, Thomas W. 0000-0003-3380-6425 tsisson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3380-6425","contributorId":2341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sisson","given":"Thomas","email":"tsisson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":375589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bacon, Charles R. 0000-0002-2165-5618 cbacon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":2909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"Charles","email":"cbacon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":375588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017083,"text":"70017083 - 1992 - Geochemistry and origin of the Bald Knob manganese deposit, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-04T16:47:44.034034","indexId":"70017083","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry and origin of the Bald Knob manganese deposit, North Carolina","docAbstract":"

Geochemical and textural evidence for the submarine hydrothermal origin of the Bald Knob Mn deposit, North Carolina, is preserved in a mineralogically diverse suite of rocks that have experienced amphibolite facies metamorphism. Manganese- and Mn-Fe-rich lithologies have high Mn/Fe ratios and low concentrations of Ni, Cu, Zn, U, Th, and rare earth elements that are similar to concentrations reported from other ancient manganiferous deposits and from crusts and sediments which are forming in hydrothermally active regions of the present sea floor. Manganese- and Ca-rich carbonate minerals, a variety of Mn-rich silicates (including tephroite, the Mn humite-group minerals, spessartine, rhodonite, and pyroxmangite), and the oxides galaxite and jacobsite form fine laminations that represent different bulk compositions. No chemical or textural evidence for replacement of Mn-poor by Mn-rich minerals was found and, in some samples, the same lithologic units are repeated on the scale of a thin section, consistent with a primary sedimentary origin for the layering. Chert, which is one of the country rocks at Bald Knob, and Mn- and Ca-rich carbonate rocks represent original sedimentary protoliths. More than one detrital component may be present in the Mn-rich layers. Biogenic detritus was the probable source of at least some of the siliceous material that allowed for the formation of the Mn-rich silicates. An aluminous detrital component, which probably was derived from a continental or andesitic source, is reflected in spessartine-rich layers. Minor Mn and Co sulfide mineralization (alabandite, cattierite, cobaltite) was contemporaneous with deposition of the Mn-rich sediments. The association of the manganiferous lithologies with chert and meta-igneous rocks (amphibolite) is consistent with deposition of the sediments in a rifting environment, such as a back-arc basin, or possibly, a midocean ridge.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.87.8.2023","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Flohr, M., 1992, Geochemistry and origin of the Bald Knob manganese deposit, North Carolina: Economic Geology, v. 87, no. 8, p. 2023-2040, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.87.8.2023.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"2023","endPage":"2040","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225200,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1992-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a16dae4b0c8380cd552ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flohr, M.J.K.","contributorId":73753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flohr","given":"M.J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016914,"text":"70016914 - 1992 - Mineralogy and geochemistry of two metamorphosed sedimentary manganese deposits, Sierra Nevada, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-22T20:26:40","indexId":"70016914","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2588,"text":"LITHOS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineralogy and geochemistry of two metamorphosed sedimentary manganese deposits, Sierra Nevada, California, USA","docAbstract":"Laminated to massive rhodochrosite, hausmannite, and Mn-silicates from the Smith prospect and Manga-Chrome mine, Sierra Nevada, California were deposited as ocean floor sediments associated with chert and shale. The principal lithologies at Smith are chert, argillite, rhodochrosite-, hausmannite- and chlorite-rich layers, and relatively uncommon layers of jacobsite. The Manga-Chrome mine also contains layers rich in manganoan calcite and caryopilite. Tephroite, rhodonite, spessartine, and accessory alleghanyite and sonolite formed during metamorphism. Volcaniclastic components are present at Manga-Chrome as metavolcanic clasts and as Mn-poor, red, garnet- and hematite-rich layers. There is no evidence, such as relict lithologies, that Mn was introduced into Mn-poor lithologies such as chert, limestone or mudstone. Replacement of Mn-poor phases by Mn-rich phases is observed only in the groundmass of volcanic clasts that appear to have fallen into soft Mn-rich mud. Manganiferous samples from the Smith prospect and Manga-Chrome mine have high Mn Fe and low concentrations of Ni, Cu, Zn, Co, U, Th and the rare-earth elements that are similar to concentrations reported from other ancient Mn deposits found in chert-greenstone complexes and from manganiferous sediments and crusts that are forming near modern sea floor vents. The Sierra Nevada deposits formed as precipitates of Mn-rich sediments on the sea floor, probably from mixtures of circulating hydrothermal fluids and seawater. The composition of a metabasalt from the Smith prospect is consistent with those of island-arc tholeiites. Metavolcanic clasts from the Manga-Chrome mine are compositionally distinct from the Smith metabasalt and have alkaline to calc-alkaline affinities. A back-arc basin is considered to be the most likely paleoenvironment for the formation of the Mn-rich lenses at the Manga-Chrome mine and, by association, the Smith prospect. Layers of rhodochrosite, hausmannite and chert preserve the composition and some textures of the sedimentary protoliths at both Sierra Nevada deposits. Jacobsite-rich layers probably represent a Fe-rich protolith. Caryopilite and manganoan calcite represent additional protoliths at the Manga-Chrome mine. The metamorphic assemblage prehnite-chlorite-epidote-calcite in a metabasalt from the Smith prospect constrains regional metamorphic conditions to a maximum temperature of 325??C and a pressure of 2 kbar. Slightly higher temperatures are indicated by the presence of actinolite in another metabasalt. Compositions of Mn-rich minerals in Smith samples are consistent with these metamorphic conditions. ?? 1992.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"LITHOS","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0024-4937(92)90034-V","issn":"00244937","usgsCitation":"Flohr, M., and Huebner, J., 1992, Mineralogy and geochemistry of two metamorphosed sedimentary manganese deposits, Sierra Nevada, California, USA: LITHOS, v. 29, no. 1-2, p. 57-85, https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(92)90034-V.","startPage":"57","endPage":"85","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224666,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267961,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(92)90034-V"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5abbe4b0c8380cd6f0b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flohr, M.J.K.","contributorId":73753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flohr","given":"M.J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huebner, J.S.","contributorId":41422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huebner","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016897,"text":"70016897 - 1992 - An unusual occurrence of arsenic-bearing pyrite in the Upper Freeport coal bed, West-Central Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-16T00:30:07.91549","indexId":"70016897","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1506,"text":"Energy & Fuels","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An unusual occurrence of arsenic-bearing pyrite in the Upper Freeport coal bed, West-Central Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Scanning electron microscopy and electron microprobe analysis were used to identify a rare type of As-bearing pyrite in selected specific gravity separates from the Pennsylvanian age Upper Freeport coal bed, west-central Pennsylvania. Arsenic was detected mainly in cell-wall replacement pyrite where concentrations ranged from nondetectable to 1.9 wt %. Although the majority of arsenic-bearing pyrite in the Upper Freeport coal bed is concentrated in massive and late diagenetic pyrite morphologies, the rarer As-bearing cell-replacement pyrite was observed in both light and heavy gravity separates from the three coal facies examined. Arsenic was occasionally detected in cell-filling replacement pyrite, but this As appears to be an artifact produced by signals from underlying and/or adjacent As-bearing cell-wall replacement pyrite. It is postulated that some plants of the Upper Freeport paleoswamp may have biomethylated As, which later could have been converted to dimethylarsine or other volatile organoarsenic compounds by either biologically or chemically driven processes. Once liberated, the arsenic may have been incorporated into pyrite during pyritization of the cell walls. The As incorporation occurred early, before significant compaction of the peat, because the pyritized cell walls are not compacted.","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/ef00032a002","issn":"08870624","usgsCitation":"Ruppert, L., Minkin, J., McGee, J.J., and Cecil, C.B., 1992, An unusual occurrence of arsenic-bearing pyrite in the Upper Freeport coal bed, West-Central Pennsylvania: Energy & Fuels, v. 6, no. 2, p. 120-125, https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00032a002.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"120","endPage":"125","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225189,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eab1e4b0c8380cd48a07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruppert, L.F. 0000-0003-4990-0539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":59043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"L.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Minkin, J.A.","contributorId":38588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minkin","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGee, J. J.","contributorId":92271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGee","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cecil, C. B. 0000-0002-9032-1689","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-1689","contributorId":62204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cecil","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70017297,"text":"70017297 - 1992 - Host-rock controlled epigenetic, hydrothermal metasomatic origin of the Bayan Obo REEFe-Nb ore deposit, Inner Mongolia, P.R.C.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-14T13:20:44.748041","indexId":"70017297","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Host-rock controlled epigenetic, hydrothermal metasomatic origin of the Bayan Obo REEFe-Nb ore deposit, Inner Mongolia, P.R.C.","docAbstract":"

Bayan Obo, a complex rare earth element (REE)\"singleFe\"singleNb ore deposit, located in Inner Mongolia, P.R.C. is the world's largest known REE deposit. The deposit is chiefly in a marble unit (H8), but extends into an overlying unit of black shale, slate and schist unit (H9), both of which are in the upper part of the Middle Proterozoic Bayan Obo Group. Based on sedimentary structures, the presence of detrital quartz and algal fossil remains, and the 16-km long geographic extent, the H8 marble is a sedimentary deposit, and not a carbonatite of magmatic origin, as proposed by some previous investigators. The unit was weakly regionally metamorphosed (most probably the lower part of the green schist facies) into marble and quartzite prior to mineralization. Tectonically, the deposit is located on the northern flank of the Sino-Korean craton.

Many hypotheses have been proposed for the origin of the Bayan Obo deposit; the studies reported here support an epigenetic, hydrothermal, metasomatic origin. Such an origin is supported by field and laboratory textural evidence; 232Th/208Pb internal isochron mineral ages of selected monazite and bastnaesite samples;40Ar/39Ar incremental heating minimum mineral ages of selected alkali amphiboles; chemical compositions of different generations of both REE ore minerals and alkali amphiboles; and evidence of host-rock influence on the various types of Bayan Obo ores. The internal isochron ages of the REE minerals indicate Caledonian ages for various episodes of REE and Fe mineralization. No evidence was found to indicate a genetic relation between the extensive biotite granitic rocks of Hercynian age in the mine region and the Bayan Obo are deposit, as suggested by previous workers.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0883-2927(92)90005-N","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Chao, E.C., Back, J., Minkin, J., and Yinchen, R., 1992, Host-rock controlled epigenetic, hydrothermal metasomatic origin of the Bayan Obo REEFe-Nb ore deposit, Inner Mongolia, P.R.C.: Applied Geochemistry, v. 7, no. 5, p. 443-458, https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(92)90005-N.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"443","endPage":"458","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224928,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mongolia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 83.04347070629007,\n 54.34697978479241\n ],\n [\n 83.04347070629007,\n 40.4265088962743\n ],\n [\n 122.40175601848028,\n 40.4265088962743\n ],\n [\n 122.40175601848028,\n 54.34697978479241\n ],\n [\n 83.04347070629007,\n 54.34697978479241\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3235e4b0c8380cd5e5e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chao, E. C. T.","contributorId":96713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chao","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"C. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Back, J.M.","contributorId":15639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Back","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Minkin, J.A.","contributorId":38588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minkin","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yinchen, R.","contributorId":102641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yinchen","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1003201,"text":"1003201 - 1992 - Feeding flights of breeding double-crested cormorants at two Wisconsin colonies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-21T10:37:28","indexId":"1003201","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Feeding flights of breeding double-crested cormorants at two Wisconsin colonies","docAbstract":"Unmarked Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus ) were followed by airplane from Cat Island and Spider Island, two nesting colonies in Wisconsin, to their first landing site. Cormorants flew an average of 2.0 km from Cat Island (maximum 40 km) and 2.4 km from Spider Island (maximum 12 km). The mean direction of landing sites differed seasonally for flights from Spider Island, but not from Cat Island, Cormorants generally landed in Green Bay or Lake Michigan and rarely landed in inland lakes or ponds. The most frequent water depth at landing sites for each colony was < 9.1 m. Water depths greater than or equal to 9.1 m were used less frequently than available within the maximum observed flight distance for each colony. The average flight speed for cormorants was 61 km/h.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Custer, T., and Bunck, C., 1992, Feeding flights of breeding double-crested cormorants at two Wisconsin colonies: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 63, no. 2, p. 203-211.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"211","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129562,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":372501,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4513692"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Door","otherGeospatial":"Spider Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.20123291015625,\n 45.20236064717846\n ],\n [\n -87.03712463378906,\n 45.08515722028692\n ],\n [\n -86.73088073730469,\n 45.41194838064267\n ],\n [\n -86.8194580078125,\n 45.44134445115735\n ],\n [\n -87.04055786132812,\n 45.4379719091347\n ],\n [\n -87.20123291015625,\n 45.20236064717846\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"63","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db6726cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custer, T. W. 0000-0003-3170-6519","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":91802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"T. W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bunck, C.","contributorId":68681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunck","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1000687,"text":"1000687 - 1992 - Status of coregonine fishes in the Laurentian Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:40","indexId":"1000687","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3102,"text":"Polskie Archiwum Hydrobiologii","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Status of coregonine fishes in the Laurentian Great Lakes","docAbstract":"The post-glacial coregonine assemblage in the Great Lakes included several species of the genera Prosopium and Coregonus. Overfishing, habitat degradation, and competition with various exotic fish species severely reduced coregonine abundance and altered their distribution by the mid to latter part of the 20th century. Most of the original Coregonus species, some which were endemic to the Great Lakes, are now extinct or are extremely rare. The prevailing coregonines are mostly benthic and deep-water species, contrasted to the original assemblage dominated by pelagic, nearshore species. Lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) populations have recovered and now support record fisheries in Lakes Superior, Michigan, and Huron. Bloaters (C. hoyi) have recovered to dominate the planktivorous fish community in Lake Michigan and are rapidly increasing in Lake Huron. The recent resurgence in some coregonine populations are linked to declines in exotic fish populations and favorable climatic changes. The reduced diversity of the coregonines may explain the dominance of the remaining species. The stability of this simplified coregonine community is uncertain but the existing coregonines have demonstrated resiliency.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Polskie Archiwum Hydrobiologii","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Fleischer, G.W., 1992, Status of coregonine fishes in the Laurentian Great Lakes: Polskie Archiwum Hydrobiologii, v. 39, no. 3-4, p. 247-259.","productDescription":"p. 247-259","startPage":"247","endPage":"259","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133409,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f92fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleischer, Guy W.","contributorId":89478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleischer","given":"Guy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70000605,"text":"70000605 - 1991 - Books and the popularization of science","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:38","indexId":"70000605","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:28","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3205,"text":"Publishing Research Quarterly","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Books and the popularization of science","docAbstract":"This article discusses best-selling science books, the characteristics of the audience for popular science books, and the role of books within science popularization and science education. Best-selling science books have been rare, but generally readable. Regional books, also important sources of scientific information, aim at much smaller, far more price-sensitive audiences. Many successful regional, nontechnical science books are readable, heavily illustrated, and in some cases, cross-disciplinary. To increase the attentive audience for scientific information, improvement in science education is necessary, and the most efficacious role for scientific institutions may be the production of materials that can be easily incorporated into school curricula. ?? 1991 Springer.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Publishing Research Quarterly","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02678443","issn":"10538801","usgsCitation":"Buchanan, R., 1991, Books and the popularization of science: Publishing Research Quarterly, v. 7, no. 1, p. 5-10, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02678443.","startPage":"5","endPage":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":18974,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02678443"},{"id":203554,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602aba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buchanan, R.","contributorId":71677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchanan","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5222954,"text":"5222954 - 1991 - Specimens and probable breeding activity of the band-rumped storm-petrel on Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:51","indexId":"5222954","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:12","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Specimens and probable breeding activity of the band-rumped storm-petrel on Hawaii","docAbstract":"Specimens (a downy fledgling and a hatch-year juvenile) and nocturnal calling of the Band-rumped Storm-Petrel (Oceanodroma custro) are evidence that this rare seabird breeds on the island of Hawaii. Nocturnal calling over land and sightings near the coast indicate that populations nest on the southwest rift and possibly the upper western slope of Mauna Loa.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Banko, W., Banko, P., and David, R., 1991, Specimens and probable breeding activity of the band-rumped storm-petrel on Hawaii: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 103, no. 4, p. 650-655.","productDescription":"650-655","startPage":"650","endPage":"655","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197690,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16506,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Wilson/v103n04/p0650-p0655.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"103","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb6e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banko, W.E.","contributorId":62694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banko","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Banko, P.C. 0000-0002-6035-9803","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6035-9803","contributorId":99531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banko","given":"P.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"David, R.E.","contributorId":44633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"David","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5223042,"text":"5223042 - 1991 - Mammal mortality at Arizona, California, and Nevada gold mines using cyanide extraction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-20T09:51:11","indexId":"5223042","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:12","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1153,"text":"California Fish and Game","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mammal mortality at Arizona, California, and Nevada gold mines using cyanide extraction","docAbstract":"Five-hundred nineteen mammals were reported dead at cyanide-extraction gold mines in Arizona [USA], California, and Nevada from 1984 through 1989. Most numerous were rodents (34.9%) and bats (33.7%); 'bat' was the most often reported category among 24 species or species groups. There are an estimated 160 cyanide-extraction gold mines in these three states, and the number is increasing. Ten mammal species listed as endangered, threatened, rare, protected, or species of special concern are known to have cyanide-extraction gold mines within their geographic ranges.","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Clark, D.R., and Hothem, R.L., 1991, Mammal mortality at Arizona, California, and Nevada gold mines using cyanide extraction: California Fish and Game, v. 77, no. 2, p. 61-69.","productDescription":"61-69","startPage":"61","endPage":"69","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201704,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a03e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, D. R. Jr.","contributorId":40928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"D.","suffix":"Jr.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hothem, R. L.","contributorId":82633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hothem","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222582,"text":"5222582 - 1991 - Conservation genetics of the endangered Isle Royale gray wolf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-01T11:55:13.59561","indexId":"5222582","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:04","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conservation genetics of the endangered Isle Royale gray wolf","docAbstract":"

The small group of wolves on Isle Royale has been studied for over three decades as a model of the relationship between large carnivores and their prey. During the last ten years the population declined from 50 individuals to as few as 12 individuals. The causes of this decline may be food shortages, disease, or reduced genetic variability. We address the issues of genetic variability and relationships of Isle Royale wolves using allozyme electrophoresis, mtDNA restriction-site analysis, and multilocus hypervariable minisatellite DNA analysis (genetic fingerprinting). Our results indicate that approximately 50% of the allozyme heterozygosity has been lost in the island population, a decline similar to that expected if no immigration had occurred from the mainland. The genetic fingerprinting data indicate that the seven sampled Isle Royale wolves are as similar as captive populations of siblings. Surprisingly, the Isle Royale wolves have an mDNA genotype that is very rare on the mainland, being found in only one of 144 mainland wolves ThFF suggests that the remaining Isle Royale wolves areprobably derived from a single female founder.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1523-1739.1991.tb00386.x","usgsCitation":"Wayne, R., Lehman, N., Girman, D., Gogan, P., Gilbert, D., Hansen, K., Peterson, R.O., Seal, U., Eisenhawer, A., Mech, L., and Krumenaker, R., 1991, Conservation genetics of the endangered Isle Royale gray wolf: Conservation Biology, v. 5, no. 1, p. 41-51, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.1991.tb00386.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"51","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199507,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Isle Royale National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.67745377865694,\n 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E.","contributorId":87925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grosz","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelly, William M.","contributorId":63832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70138492,"text":"70138492 - 1991 - Rare earth elements in Japan Sea sediments and diagenetic behavior of Ce/Ce∗: results from ODP Leg 127","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-10T14:35:52","indexId":"70138492","displayToPublicDate":"1991-09-01T13:15:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rare earth elements in Japan Sea sediments and diagenetic behavior of Ce/Ce∗: results from ODP Leg 127","docAbstract":"

The relative effects of paleoceanographic and paleogeographic variations, sediment lithology, and diagenetic processes on the recorded rare earth element (REE) chemistry of Japan Sea sediments are evaluated by investigating REE total abundances and relative fractionations in 59 samples from Ocean Drilling Program Leg 127.

\n

REE total abundances (ΣREE) in the Japan Sea are strongly dependent upon the paleoceanographic position of a given site with respect to terrigenous and biogenic sources. REE concentrations at Site 794 (Yamato Basin) overall correspond well to aluminosilicate chemical indices and are strongly diluted by SiO2within the late Miocene-Pliocene diatomaceous sequence. Eu/Eu* values at Site 794 reach a maximum through the diatomaceous interval as well, most likely suggesting an association of Eu/Eu* with the siliceous component, or reflecting slight incorporation of a detrital feldspar phase. ΣREE at Site 795 (Japan Basin) also is affiliated strongly with aluminosilicate phases, yet is diluted only slightly by siliceous input. At Site 797 (Yamato Basin), REE is not as clearly associated with the aluminosilicate fraction, is correlated moderately to siliceous input, and may be sporadically influenced by detrital heavy minerals originating from the nearby rifted continental fragment composing the Yamato Rise. The biogenic influence is largest at Site 794, moderately developed at Site 797, and of only minor importance at Site 795, reflecting basinal contrasts in productivity such that the Yamato Basin records greater biogenic input than the Japan Basin, while the most productive waters overlie the easternmost sequence of Site 794.

\n

Ce/Ce* profiles at all three sites increase monotonically with depth, and record progressive diagenetic LREE fractionation. The observed Ce/Ce* record does not respond to changes in oxygenation state of the overlying water, and Ce/Ce* correlated slightly better with depth than with age. The downhole increase in Ce/Ce* at Site 794 and Site 797 is a passive response to diagenetic transfer of LREE (except Ce) from sediment to interstitial water. At Site 795, the overall lack of correlation between Ce/Ce* and L(ln/Ybnsuggests that other processes are occurring which mask the diagenetic behavior of all LREEs. First-order calculations of the Ce budget in Japan Sea waters and sediment indicate that ~20% of the excess Ce adsorbed by settling particles is recycled within the water column, and that an additional ~38% is recycled at or near the seafloor (data from Masuzawa and Koyama, 1989). Thus, because the remaining excess Ce is only ~10% of the total Ce, there is not a large source of Ce to the deeply buried sediment, further suggesting that the downhole increase in Ce/Ce* is a passive response to diagenetic behavior of the other LREEs. The REE chemistry of Japan Sea sediment therefore predicts successive downhole addition of LREEs to deeply-buried interstitial waters.

","language":"English","publisher":"Pergamon Press","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(91)90365-C","usgsCitation":"Murray, R., Buchholtz ten Brink, M.R., Brumsack, H., Gerlach, D.C., and Russ, G.P., 1991, Rare earth elements in Japan Sea sediments and diagenetic behavior of Ce/Ce∗: results from ODP Leg 127: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 55, no. 9, p. 2453-2466, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(91)90365-C.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2453","endPage":"2466","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297345,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Japan Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 132.5390625,\n 33.7243396617476\n ],\n [\n 141.6796875,\n 38.8225909761771\n ],\n [\n 140.625,\n 50.064191736659104\n ],\n [\n 131.8359375,\n 44.33956524809713\n ],\n [\n 128.671875,\n 40.97989806962013\n ],\n [\n 127.61718749999999,\n 35.746512259918504\n ],\n [\n 132.5390625,\n 33.7243396617476\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"55","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c3fe4b08de9379b36d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murray, R.","contributorId":80440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buchholtz ten Brink, Marilyn R.","contributorId":88021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchholtz ten Brink","given":"Marilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brumsack, Hans-Juergen","contributorId":61141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumsack","given":"Hans-Juergen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gerlach, David C.","contributorId":138786,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gerlach","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Russ, G. Price","contributorId":138787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Russ","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Price","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70126916,"text":"70126916 - 1991 - Human disturbance of an avian scavenging guild","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-25T09:26:21","indexId":"70126916","displayToPublicDate":"1991-05-01T09:25:32","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Human disturbance of an avian scavenging guild","docAbstract":"In order to investigate the effects of human activities on relationships within foraging guilds, we examined inacanus dynamics of eagles, crows, and gulls scavenging on spawned salmon in the Pacific Northwest. We examined several hypotheses that postulate the asymmetric foraging relationships of the three guild members and that reveal the influence of competition and facilitation in these relationships. Spatial and temporal patterns of resource use by the three primary guild members varied with the presence and absence of human activity at experimental feeding stations. At control (undisturbed) stations, eagles preferred to feed >100 m from vegetative cover, whereas gulls fed <50 m from cover. At experimental (disturbed) stations, eagles rarely fed, and feeding activity by gulls increased at both near and far stations. Crows often fed on alternate food sources in fields adjacent to the river, especially when salmon carcasses were scarce, whereas eagles and gulls rarely did so. We also examined if and how the behavior of single guild members changes in the presence or absence of other guild members. In the absence of eagles, gulls and crows preferred stations far from cover, numbers of both increased at feeding stations, birds were distributed nearer to carcasses, and they fed more. We emphasize that guild theory lends important insights to our understanding of the effects of human disturbance on wildlife communities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Tempe, AZ","doi":"10.2307/1941814","usgsCitation":"Skagen, S.K., Knight, R., and Orians, G.H., 1991, Human disturbance of an avian scavenging guild: Ecological Applications, v. 1, no. 1, p. 215-225, https://doi.org/10.2307/1941814.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"215","endPage":"225","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":294456,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294455,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1941814"}],"volume":"1","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54252eb7e4b0e641df8a7022","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skagen, Susan K. 0000-0002-6744-1244 skagens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6744-1244","contributorId":2009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skagen","given":"Susan","email":"skagens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":502191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knight, Richard L.","contributorId":46014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"Richard L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orians, Gordon H.","contributorId":97833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orians","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}