The influence of climate on forest change during the past century in the eastern United States was evaluated in a recent paper (Nowacki & Abrams, 2014) that centers on an increase in ‘highly competitive mesophytic hardwoods’ (Nowacki & Abrams, 2008) and a concomitant decrease in the more xerophytic Quercus species. Nowacki & Abrams (2014) concluded that climate change has not contributed significantly to observed changes in forest composition. However, the authors restrict their focus to a single element of climate: increasing temperature since the end of the Little Ice Age ca. 150 years ago. In their study, species were binned into four classifications (e.g., Acer saccharum – ‘cool-adapted’, Acer rubrum – ‘warm-adapted’) based on average annual temperature within each species range in the United States, reducing the multifaceted character of climate into a single, categorical measure. The broad temperature classes not only veil the many biologically relevant aspects of temperature (e.g., seasonal and extreme temperatures) but they may also mask other influences, both climatic (e.g., moisture sensitivity) and nonclimatic (e.g., competition).
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2014 - Gravity changes and deformation at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii, associated with summit eruptive activity, 2009-2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T13:28:32","indexId":"70131497","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-03T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gravity changes and deformation at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii, associated with summit eruptive activity, 2009-2012","docAbstract":"Analysis of microgravity and surface displacement data collected at the summit of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii (USA), between December 2009 and November 2012 suggests a net mass accumulation at ~1.5 km depth beneath the northeast margin of Halema‘uma‘u Crater, within Kīlauea Caldera. Although residual gravity increases and decreases are accompanied by periods of uplift and subsidence of the surface, respectively, the volume change inferred from the modeling of interferometric synthetic aperture radar deformation data can account for only a small portion (as low as 8%) of the mass addition responsible for the gravity increase. We propose that since the opening of a new eruptive vent at the summit of Kīlauea in 2008, magma rising to the surface of the lava lake outgasses, becomes denser, and sinks to deeper levels, replacing less dense gas-rich magma stored in the Halema‘uma‘u magma reservoir. In fact, a relatively small density increase (<200 kg m−3) of a portion of the reservoir can produce the positive residual gravity change measured during the period with the largest mass increase, between March 2011 and November 2012. Other mechanisms may also play a role in the gravity increase without producing significant uplift of the surface, including compressibility of magma, formation of olivine cumulates, and filling of void space by magma. The rate of gravity increase, higher than during previous decades, varies through time and seems to be directly correlated with the volcanic activity occurring at both the summit and the east rift zone of the volcano.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/2014JB011506","usgsCitation":"Bagnardi, M., Poland, M., Carbone, D., Baker, S., Battaglia, M., and Amelung, F., 2014, Gravity changes and deformation at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii, associated with summit eruptive activity, 2009-2012: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 119, no. 9, p. 7288-7305, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011506.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"7288","endPage":"7305","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052892","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472589,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jb011506","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296418,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.29449462890622,\n 19.43616185591159\n ],\n [\n -155.2333831787109,\n 19.439399401246273\n ],\n [\n -155.2333831787109,\n 19.406373411096297\n ],\n [\n -155.291748046875,\n 19.40443049681278\n ],\n [\n -155.29449462890622,\n 19.43616185591159\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"119","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54802619e4b0ac64d148dcd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bagnardi, Marco","contributorId":124560,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bagnardi","given":"Marco","affiliations":[{"id":5112,"text":"University of Miami","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":521307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael P.","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":521306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carbone, Daniele","contributorId":124561,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carbone","given":"Daniele","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5113,"text":"INGV","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":521308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baker, Scott","contributorId":124562,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baker","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5114,"text":"UNAVCO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":521309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Battaglia, Maurizio mbattaglia@usgs.gov","contributorId":2526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglia","given":"Maurizio","email":"mbattaglia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":521310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Amelung, Falk","contributorId":124563,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amelung","given":"Falk","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5112,"text":"University of Miami","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":521311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70134556,"text":"70134556 - 2014 - Storm-surge flooding on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-04T09:22:45","indexId":"70134556","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-03T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":894,"text":"Arctic","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Storm-surge flooding on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","docAbstract":"Coastal regions of Alaska are regularly affected by intense storms of ocean origin, the frequency and intensity of which are expected to increase as a result of global climate change. The Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (YKD), situated in western Alaska on the eastern edge of the Bering Sea, is one of the largest deltaic systems in North America. Its low relief makes it especially susceptible to storm-driven flood tides and increases in sea level. Little information exists on the extent of flooding caused by storm surges in western Alaska and its effects on salinization, shoreline erosion, permafrost thaw, vegetation, wildlife, and the subsistence-based economy. In this paper, we summarize storm flooding events in the Bering Sea region of western Alaska during 1913 – 2011 and map both the extent of inland flooding caused by autumn storms on the central YKD, using Radarsat-1 and MODIS satellite imagery, and the drift lines, using high-resolution IKONOS satellite imagery and field surveys. The largest storm surges occurred in autumn and were associated with high tides and strong (> 65 km hr-1) southwest winds. Maximum inland extent of flooding from storm surges was 30.3 km in 2005, 27.4 km in 2006, and 32.3 km in 2011, with total flood area covering 47.1%, 32.5%, and 39.4% of the 6730 km2 study area, respectively. Peak stages for the 2005 and 2011 storms were 3.1 m and 3.3 m above mean sea level, respectively—almost as high as the 3.5 m amsl elevation estimated for the largest storm observed (in November 1974). Several historically abandoned village sites lie within the area of inundation of the largest flood events. With projected sea level rise, large storms are expected to become more frequent and cover larger areas, with deleterious effects on freshwater ponds, non-saline habitats, permafrost, and landscapes used by nesting birds and local people.
","language":"English","publisher":"Arctic Institute of North America","doi":"10.14430/arctic4403","usgsCitation":"Terenzi, J., Ely, C.R., and Jorgenson, M., 2014, Storm-surge flooding on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska: Arctic, v. 67, no. 3, p. 360-374, https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic4403.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"360","endPage":"374","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049144","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472591,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic4403","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296415,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -141.328125,\n 71.63599288330606\n ],\n [\n -141.6796875,\n 58.81374171570782\n ],\n [\n -178.2421875,\n 50.62507306341435\n ],\n [\n -165.76171875,\n 71.69129271863999\n ],\n [\n -141.328125,\n 71.63599288330606\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"67","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5480261ce4b0ac64d148dce0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Terenzi, John jterenzi@usgs.gov","contributorId":5085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terenzi","given":"John","email":"jterenzi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ely, Craig R. 0000-0003-4262-0892 cely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4262-0892","contributorId":3214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"Craig","email":"cely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jorgenson, M. Torre","contributorId":34848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorgenson","given":"M. Torre","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70133701,"text":"70133701 - 2014 - A stage-structured, spatially explicit migration model for Myotis bats: mortality location affects system dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-12T13:40:21","indexId":"70133701","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-03T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3824,"text":"Letters in Biomathematics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"A stage-structured, spatially explicit migration model for Myotis bats: mortality location affects system dynamics","title":"A stage-structured, spatially explicit migration model for Myotis bats: mortality location affects system dynamics","docAbstract":"","language":"English","publisher":"Illinois State University","doi":"10.1080/23737867.2014.11414477","usgsCitation":"Erickson, R.A., Thogmartin, W.E., Russell, R.E., Diffendorfer, J., and Szymanski, J.A., 2014, A stage-structured, spatially explicit migration model for Myotis bats: mortality location affects system dynamics: Letters in Biomathematics, v. 1, no. 2, p. 157-172, https://doi.org/10.1080/23737867.2014.11414477.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"157","endPage":"172","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051683","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472595,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23737867.2014.11414477","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296459,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5482e53de4b0aa6d77852ff4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erickson, Richard A. 0000-0003-4649-482X rerickson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4649-482X","contributorId":5455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"Richard","email":"rerickson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thogmartin, Wayne E. 0000-0002-2384-4279 wthogmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":2545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"Wayne","email":"wthogmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Russell, Robin E. 0000-0001-8726-7303 rerussell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8726-7303","contributorId":3998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"Robin","email":"rerussell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Diffendorfer, James E. 0000-0003-1093-6948 jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1093-6948","contributorId":3208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diffendorfer","given":"James E.","email":"jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Szymanski, Jennifer A.","contributorId":51593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szymanski","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70134602,"text":"70134602 - 2014 - Historic and contemporary mercury exposure and potential risk to yellow-billed loons (Gavia adamsii) breeding in Alaska and Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T11:51:55","indexId":"70134602","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-03T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Historic and contemporary mercury exposure and potential risk to yellow-billed loons (Gavia adamsii) breeding in Alaska and Canada","docAbstract":"
The Yellow-billed Loon (Gavia adamsii) is one of the rarest breeding birds in North America. Because of the small population size and patchy distribution, any stressor to its population is of concern. To determine risks posed by environmental mercury (Hg) loads, we captured 115 Yellow-billed Loons between 2002 and 2012 in the North American Arctic and sampled their blood and/or feather tissues and collected nine eggs. Museum samples from Yellow-billed Loons also were analyzed to examine potential changes in Hg exposure over time. An extensive database of published Hg concentrations and associated adverse effects in Common Loons (G. immer) is highly informative and representative for Yellow-billed Loons. Blood Hg concentrations reflect dietary uptake of methylmercury (MeHg) from breeding areas and are generally considered near background levels if less than 1.0 µg/g wet weight (ww). Feather (grown at wintering sites) and egg Hg concentrations can represent a mix of breeding and wintering dietary uptake of MeHg. Based on Common Loon studies, significant risk of reduced reproductive success generally occurs when adult Hg concentrations exceed 2.0 µg/g ww in blood, 20.0 µg/g fresh weight (fw) in flight feathers and 1.0 µg/g ww in eggs. Contemporary mercury concentrations for 176 total samples (across all study sites for 115 Yellow-billed Loons) ranged from 0.08 to 1.45 µg/g ww in blood, 3.0 to 24.9 µg/g fw in feathers and 0.21 to 1.23 µg/g ww in eggs. Mercury concentrations in blood, feather and egg tissues indicate that some individual Yellow-billed Loons in breeding populations across North America are at risk of lowered productivity resulting from Hg exposure. Most Yellow-billed Loons breeding in Alaska overwinter in marine waters of eastern Asia. Although blood Hg concentrations from most breeding loons in Alaska are within background levels, some individuals exhibit elevated feather and egg Hg concentrations, which likely indicate the uptake of MeHg originating from eastern Asia. Feather Hg concentrations tended to be highest in individuals overwintering farthest west (closer to Asia). A retrospective analysis of museum specimens (n = 25) found a two-fold increase in Yellow-billed Loon feather Hg concentrations from the pre-1920s (as early as 1845) to the present. The projected increase in Hg deposition (approximately four-fold by 2050) along with the uncertainty of Hg being released through the thawing of permafrost and Arctic sea ice suggest that Hg body burdens in Yellow-billed Loons may increase. These findings indicate that Hg is a current and potentially increasing environmental stressor for the Yellow-billed Loon and possibly other Nearctic-Palearctic migrant birds.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","doi":"10.1675/063.037.sp117","usgsCitation":"Evers, D.C., Schmutz, J.A., Basu, N., DeSorbo, C.R., Fair, J., Gray, C., Paruk, J.D., Perkins, M., Regan, K., Uher-Koch, B.D., and Wright, K., 2014, Historic and contemporary mercury exposure and potential risk to yellow-billed loons (Gavia adamsii) breeding in Alaska and Canada: Waterbirds, v. 37, no. 1, p. 147-159, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.037.sp117.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"159","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052422","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472594,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1675/063.037.sp117","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296407,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54802619e4b0ac64d148dcd2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evers, David C.","contributorId":96160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evers","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6928,"text":"BioDiversity Research Institute, Gorham, ME 04038","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Basu, Niladri","contributorId":60085,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Basu","given":"Niladri","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeSorbo, Christopher R.","contributorId":127667,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeSorbo","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6928,"text":"BioDiversity Research Institute, Gorham, ME 04038","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fair, Jeff","contributorId":127668,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fair","given":"Jeff","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gray, Carrie E.","contributorId":127669,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gray","given":"Carrie E.","affiliations":[{"id":25572,"text":"University of Maine, Orono","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6928,"text":"BioDiversity Research Institute, Gorham, ME 04038","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Paruk, James D.","contributorId":127670,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paruk","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6928,"text":"BioDiversity Research Institute, Gorham, ME 04038","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Perkins, Marie","contributorId":22957,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perkins","given":"Marie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Regan, Kevin","contributorId":127671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Regan","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6928,"text":"BioDiversity Research Institute, Gorham, ME 04038","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Uher-Koch, Brian D. 0000-0002-1885-0260 buher-koch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1885-0260","contributorId":5117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uher-Koch","given":"Brian","email":"buher-koch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wright, Kenneth G.","contributorId":127672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Kenneth G.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70133885,"text":"ofr20131024B - 2014 - Generalized surficial geologic map of the Fort Irwin Area, San Bernardino County, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70133885,"text":"ofr20131024B - 2014 - Generalized surficial geologic map of the Fort Irwin Area, San Bernardino County, California","indexId":"ofr20131024B","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","displayTitle":"Generalized Surficial Geologic Map of the Fort Irwin Area, San Bernardino County, California","title":"Generalized surficial geologic map of the Fort Irwin Area, San Bernardino County, California"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70201192,"text":"ofr20131024 - 2014 - Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California","indexId":"ofr20131024","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70201192,"text":"ofr20131024 - 2014 - Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California","indexId":"ofr20131024","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T19:49:18.927666","indexId":"ofr20131024B","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-02T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1024","chapter":"B","displayTitle":"Generalized Surficial Geologic Map of the Fort Irwin Area, San Bernardino County, California","title":"Generalized surficial geologic map of the Fort Irwin Area, San Bernardino County, California","docAbstract":"The geology and landscape of the Fort Irwin area, typical of many parts of the Mojave Desert, consist of rugged mountains separated by broad alluviated valleys that form the main coarse-resolution features of the geologic map. Crystalline and sedimentary rocks, Mesozoic and older in age, form most of the mountains with lesser accumulations of Miocene sedimentary and volcanic rocks. In detail, the area exhibits a fairly complex distribution of surficial deposits resulting from diverse rock sources and geomorphology that has been driven by topographic changes caused by recent and active faulting. Depositional environments span those typical of the Mojave Desert: alluvial fans on broad piedmonts, major intermittent streams along valley floors, eolian sand dunes and sheets, and playas in closed valleys that lack through-going washes. Erosional environments include rocky mountains, smooth gently sloping pediments, and badlands in readily eroded sediment. All parts of the landscape, from regional distribution of mountains, valleys, and faults to details of degree of soil development in surface materials, are portrayed by the surficial geologic map. Many of these attributes govern infiltration and recharge, and the surface distribution of permeable rock units such as Miocene sedimentary and volcanic rocks provides a basis for evaluating potential groundwater storage. Quaternary faults are widespread in the Fort Irwin area and include sinistral, east-striking faults that characterize the central swath of the area and the contrasting dextral, northwest-striking faults that border the east and west margins. Bedrock distribution and thickness of valley-fill deposits are controlled by modern and past faulting, and faults on the map help to identify targets for groundwater exploration.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131024B","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army, Fort Irwin National Training Center","usgsCitation":"Miller, D.M., Menges, C.M., and Lidke, D.J., 2014, Generalized surficial geologic map of the Fort Irwin area, San Bernardino County, California, chap. B of Buesch, D.C., ed., Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013–1024, 11 p., scale 1:100,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131024B.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 11 p.; 1 Plate: 50.91 x 35.84 inches; Database","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-041811","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":398994,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_103355.htm"},{"id":296354,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/b/images/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":296352,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/b/downloads/ofr2013-1024_b_map.pdf","text":"Map","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296351,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/b/downloads/ofr2013_1024_b_report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296353,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/b/downloads/OF2013-1024-b.zip","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino County","otherGeospatial":"Fort Irwin area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.1767,\n 35.0222\n ],\n [\n -116.1122,\n 35.0222\n ],\n [\n -116.1122,\n 35.6944\n ],\n [\n -117.1767,\n 35.6944\n ],\n [\n -117.1767,\n 35.0222\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact Information,
Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center—Menlo Park
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road
Menlo Park, CA 94025-3591
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Bernalillo County Public Works Division, has conducted a monitoring program in the East Mountain area of eastern Bernalillo County, New Mexico, since 2000 to better define the hydrogeologic characteristics of the East Mountain area and to provide scientific information that will assist in the sustainable management of water resources. This report presents estimates of groundwater recharge to the aquifers that supply water to a network of springs that discharged within the East Mountain area of eastern Bernalillo County during 2005–12. Chloride concentration, the mass ratio of chloride to bromide, and the stable isotope ratios of hydrogen and oxygen were used to estimate annual groundwater recharge rates and to identify the sources and timing of recharge to the aquifers in the East Mountain area. Groundwater recharge rates were estimated by using a chloride mass-balance (CMB) method applied to data from selected springs located in the study area.
\nEleven springs and four downgradient monitoring wells were sampled for this study. On the basis of chloride concentrations and the mass ratio of chloride to bromide, eight of the eleven sampled springs are considered representative of dilute groundwater recharged by meteoric water in the Sandia Mountains. Eight of the eleven springs sampled as part of this investigation are considered representative of dilute groundwater not influenced by nonmeteoric chloride sources on the basis of analysis of chloride concentrations and the mass ratio of chloride to bromide. Chloride concentrations at three of the sampled springs were likely affected by nonmeteoric chloride sources.
\nResults of CMB calculations for the eight springs with Cl:Br ratios and chloride concentrations within the range of dilute groundwater (not influenced by nonmeteoric chloride sources) indicated that between about 5.5 and 23 percent of annual precipitation recharges the groundwater system. The variation in estimated recharge rates indicated that the mechanisms for recharge and groundwater movement in the East Mountain area are complex and that factors such as climate variability, the extent and interconnection of structural features such as faults and fractures, and potential solution enhancement of the aquifers all play important roles in the rates and timing of recharge.
\nStable isotope data from springs and snowpacks sampled in the East Mountain area were compared with local, regional, and global meteoric water lines and were analyzed along with values representing the stable isotope composition of winter precipitation and summer monsoonal rains. Results of the stable isotope analysis from springs in this study suggested that winter precipitation is the primary source of groundwater recharge to the aquifers supplying the springs, but there is a component of more isotopically enriched precipitation being recharged as well, likely from summer monsoonal rains. Specific conductance, groundwater-level hydrographs, snowpack chemistry, and snow-water equivalent data were used to inform the analyses and corroborate the findings of the CMB and stable isotope results.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145181","collaboration":"Bernalillo County Public Works Natural Resource Services","usgsCitation":"Rice, S.E., and Crilley, D.M., 2014, Estimates of groundwater recharge rates and sources in the East Mountain area, Eastern Bernalillo County, New Mexico, 2005-12: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5181, vii, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145181.","productDescription":"vii, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056751","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296345,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145181.jpg"},{"id":296344,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5181/pdf/sir2014-5181.pdf"},{"id":296331,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5181/"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"Bernalillo County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.48199462890625,\n 34.57442951865274\n ],\n [\n -107.48199462890625,\n 36.049098959065645\n ],\n [\n -105.8917236328125,\n 36.049098959065645\n ],\n [\n -105.8917236328125,\n 34.57442951865274\n ],\n [\n -107.48199462890625,\n 34.57442951865274\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"547ed4a1e4b09357f05f8a1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rice, Steven E. srice@usgs.gov","contributorId":5438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Steven","email":"srice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crilley, Dianna M. 0000-0003-0432-5948 dcrilley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0432-5948","contributorId":3896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crilley","given":"Dianna","email":"dcrilley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70155213,"text":"70155213 - 2014 - Why the New Madrid earthquakes are M 7–8 and the Charleston earthquake is ∼M 7","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-03T11:16:54","indexId":"70155213","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-01T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Why the New Madrid earthquakes are M 7–8 and the Charleston earthquake is ∼M 7","docAbstract":"Estimates of magnitudes of large historical earthquakes are an essential input to and can seriously affect seismic‐hazard estimates. The earthquake‐intensity observations, modified Mercalli intensities (MMI), and assigned magnitudes Mof the 1811–1812 New Madrid events have been reinterpreted several times in the last decade and have been a source of controversy in making seismic‐hazard estimates in the central United States. Observations support the concept that the larger the earthquake, the greater the maximum‐felt distance. For the same crustal attenuation and local soil conditions, magnitude should be the main influence on intensity values at large distances. We apply this concept by comparing the mean MMI at distances of 600–1200 km for each of the four largest New Madrid 1811–1812 earthquakes, the 1886 Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake, the 1929 M 7.2 Grand Banks earthquake, and the 2001M 7.6 Bhuj, India, earthquake. We fit the intensity observations using the form MMI=A+C×dist−0.8×log(dist) to better define intensity attenuation in eastern North America (ENA). The intensity attenuation in cratonic India differs from ENA and is corrected to ENA using both the above estimate and published intensity relations. We evaluate source, marine geophysical, Q, and stress‐drop information, as well as a 1929 Milne–Shaw record at Chicago to confirm that the 1929 Grand Banks earthquake occurred in ENA crust. Our direct comparison of mean intensities beyond 600 km suggests M 7.5, 7.3, 7.7, and 6.9 for the three New Madrid 1811–1812 mainshocks and the largest aftershock and M 7.0 for the 1886 Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake, with an estimated uncertainty of 0.3 units at the 95% confidence level (based on a Monte Carlo analysis). Our mean New Madrid and Charleston mainshock magnitudes are similar to those of Bakun and Hopper (2004) and are much higher than those of Hough and Page (2011) for New Madrid.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Stanford, CA","doi":"10.1785/0120120257","collaboration":"Center for Earthquake Research and Information at the University of Memphis","usgsCitation":"Cramer, C.H., and Boyd, O.S., 2014, Why the New Madrid earthquakes are M 7–8 and the Charleston earthquake is ∼M 7: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 104, no. 6, p. 2884-2903, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120120257.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"2884","endPage":"2903","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056865","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306315,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c090b6e4b033ef521042bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cramer, Chris H.","contributorId":32196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cramer","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boyd, Oliver S. 0000-0001-9457-0407 olboyd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9457-0407","contributorId":140739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyd","given":"Oliver","email":"olboyd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70170849,"text":"70170849 - 2014 - Fate of injected CO2 in the Wilcox Group, Louisiana, Gulf Coast Basin: Chemical and isotopic tracers of microbial–brine–rock–CO2 interactions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-01T12:46:38","indexId":"70170849","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Fate of injected CO2 in the Wilcox Group, Louisiana, Gulf Coast Basin: Chemical and isotopic tracers of microbial-brine-rock-CO2 interactions","title":"Fate of injected CO2 in the Wilcox Group, Louisiana, Gulf Coast Basin: Chemical and isotopic tracers of microbial–brine–rock–CO2 interactions","docAbstract":"The “2800’ sandstone” of the Olla oil field is an oil and gas-producing reservoir in a coal-bearing interval of the Paleocene–Eocene Wilcox Group in north-central Louisiana, USA. In the 1980s, this producing unit was flooded with CO2 in an enhanced oil recovery (EOR) project, leaving ∼30% of the injected CO2 in the 2800’ sandstone post-injection. This study utilizes isotopic and geochemical tracers from co-produced natural gas, oil and brine to determine the fate of the injected CO2, including the possibility of enhanced microbial conversion of CO2 to CH4 via methanogenesis. Stable carbon isotopes of CO2, CH4 and DIC, together with mol% CO2 show that 4 out of 17 wells sampled in the 2800’ sandstone are still producing injected CO2. The dominant fate of the injected CO2appears to be dissolution in formation fluids and gas-phase trapping. There is some isotopic and geochemical evidence for enhanced microbial methanogenesis in 2 samples; however, the CO2 spread unevenly throughout the reservoir, and thus cannot explain the elevated indicators for methanogenesis observed across the entire field. Vertical migration out of the target 2800’ sandstone reservoir is also apparent in 3 samples located stratigraphically above the target sand. Reservoirs comparable to the 2800’ sandstone, located along a 90-km transect, were also sampled to investigate regional trends in gas composition, brine chemistry and microbial activity. Microbial methane, likely sourced from biodegradation of organic substrates within the formation, was found in all oil fields sampled, while indicators of methanogenesis (e.g. high alkalinity, δ13C-CO2 and δ13C-DIC values) and oxidation of propane were greatest in the Olla Field, likely due to its more ideal environmental conditions (i.e. suitable range of pH, temperature, salinity, sulfate and iron concentrations).
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.09.015","usgsCitation":"Shelton, J., McIntosh, J.C., Warwick, P.D., and Lee Zhi Yi, A., 2014, Fate of injected CO2 in the Wilcox Group, Louisiana, Gulf Coast Basin: Chemical and isotopic tracers of microbial–brine–rock–CO2 interactions: Applied Geochemistry, v. 51, p. 155-169, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.09.015.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"169","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049302","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320987,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.70263671874999,\n 31.019986671412497\n ],\n [\n -92.70263671874999,\n 32.03602003973757\n ],\n [\n -91.658935546875,\n 32.03602003973757\n ],\n [\n -91.658935546875,\n 31.019986671412497\n ],\n [\n -92.70263671874999,\n 31.019986671412497\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"51","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"572c6eaee4b09acee7535b77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shelton, Jenna L. 0000-0002-1377-0675 jlshelton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1377-0675","contributorId":5025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelton","given":"Jenna L.","email":"jlshelton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McIntosh, Jennifer C.","contributorId":139870,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McIntosh","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13301,"text":"Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":628813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":628814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee Zhi Yi, Amelia","contributorId":169185,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee Zhi Yi","given":"Amelia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6651,"text":"Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, PA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":628815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70129182,"text":"70129182 - 2014 - Eruptions at Lone Star geyser, Yellowstone National Park, USA: 2. Constraints on subsurface dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-14T08:19:45","indexId":"70129182","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eruptions at Lone Star geyser, Yellowstone National Park, USA: 2. Constraints on subsurface dynamics","docAbstract":"We use seismic, tilt, lidar, thermal, and gravity data from 32 consecutive eruption cycles of Lone Star geyser in Yellowstone National Park to identify key subsurface processes throughout the geyser's eruption cycle. Previously, we described measurements and analyses associated with the geyser's erupting jet dynamics. Here we show that seismicity is dominated by hydrothermal tremor (~5–40 Hz) attributed to the nucleation and/or collapse of vapor bubbles. Water discharge during eruption preplay triggers high-amplitude tremor pulses from a back azimuth aligned with the geyser cone, but during the rest of the eruption cycle it is shifted to the east-northeast. Moreover, ~4 min period ground surface displacements recur every 26 ± 8 min and are uncorrelated with the eruption cycle. Based on these observations, we conclude that (1) the dynamical behavior of the geyser is controlled by the thermo-mechanical coupling between the geyser conduit and a laterally offset reservoir periodically filled with a highly compressible two-phase mixture, (2) liquid and steam slugs periodically ascend into the shallow crust near the geyser system inducing detectable deformation, (3) eruptions occur when the pressure decrease associated with overflow from geyser conduit during preplay triggers an unstable feedback between vapor generation (cavitation) and mass discharge, and (4) flow choking at a constriction in the conduit arrests the runaway process and increases the saturated vapor pressure in the reservoir by a factor of ~10 during eruptions.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2014JB011526","usgsCitation":"Vandemeulebrouck, J., Sohn, R.A., Rudolph, M., Hurwitz, S., Manga, M., Johnston, M.J., Soule, S., McPhee, D., Glen, J., Karlstrom, L., and Murphy, F., 2014, Eruptions at Lone Star geyser, Yellowstone National Park, USA: 2. Constraints on subsurface dynamics: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 119, no. 12, p. 8688-8707, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011526.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"8688","endPage":"8707","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060505","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472627,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jb011526","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":325073,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Lone Star geyser, Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.05804443359375,\n 44.39454219215587\n ],\n [\n -111.05804443359375,\n 44.69013547299005\n ],\n [\n -110.57189941406249,\n 44.69013547299005\n ],\n [\n -110.57189941406249,\n 44.39454219215587\n ],\n [\n -111.05804443359375,\n 44.39454219215587\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"119","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579dcfdee4b0589fa1cbd7e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vandemeulebrouck, Jean","contributorId":101973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandemeulebrouck","given":"Jean","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sohn, Robert A.","contributorId":37258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohn","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rudolph, Maxwell L.","contributorId":42122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudolph","given":"Maxwell L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hurwitz, Shaul 0000-0001-5142-6886 shaulh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5142-6886","contributorId":2169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurwitz","given":"Shaul","email":"shaulh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Manga, Michael","contributorId":66559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manga","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Johnston, Malcolm J.S.","contributorId":105171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"Malcolm","email":"","middleInitial":"J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Soule, S. 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G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Karlstrom, Leif","contributorId":23048,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karlstrom","given":"Leif","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Murphy, Fred fmurphy@usgs.gov","contributorId":4572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Fred","email":"fmurphy@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70138885,"text":"70138885 - 2014 - Genetic structure of Florida green turtle rookeries as indicated by mitochondrial DNA control region sequences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-18T10:59:32","indexId":"70138885","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic structure of Florida green turtle rookeries as indicated by mitochondrial DNA control region sequences","docAbstract":"Green turtle (Chelonia mydas) nesting has increased dramatically in Florida over the past two decades, ranking the Florida nesting aggregation among the largest in the Greater Caribbean region. Individual beaches that comprise several hundred kilometers of Florida’s east coast and Keys support tens to thousands of nests annually. These beaches encompass natural to highly developed habitats, and the degree of demographic partitioning among rookeries was previously unresolved. We characterized the genetic structure of ten Florida rookeries from Cape Canaveral to the Dry Tortugas through analysis of 817 base pair mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences from 485 nesting turtles. Two common haplotypes, CM-A1.1 and CM-A3.1, accounted for 87 % of samples, and the haplotype frequencies were strongly partitioned by latitude along Florida’s Atlantic coast. Most genetic structure occurred between rookeries on either side of an apparent genetic break in the vicinity of the St. Lucie Inlet that separates Hutchinson Island and Jupiter Island, representing the finest scale at which mtDNA structure has been documented in marine turtle rookeries. Florida and Caribbean scale analyses of population structure support recognition of at least two management units: central eastern Florida and southern Florida. More thorough sampling and deeper sequencing are necessary to better characterize connectivity among Florida green turtle rookeries as well as between the Florida nesting aggregation and others in the Greater Caribbean region.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10592-014-0692-y","usgsCitation":"Shamblin, B.M., Bagley, D.A., Ehrhart, L.M., Desjardin, N.A., Martin, R.E., Hart, K.M., Naro-Maciel, E., Rusenko, K., Stiner, J.C., Sobel, D., Johnson, C., Wilmers, T., Wright, L.J., and Nairn, C.J., 2014, Genetic structure of Florida green turtle rookeries as indicated by mitochondrial DNA control region sequences: Conservation Genetics, v. 16, no. 3, p. 673-685, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-014-0692-y.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"673","endPage":"685","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058703","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501664,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://stars.library.ucf.edu/facultybib2010/6795","text":"External Repository"},{"id":297491,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.133544921875,\n 24.407137917727653\n ],\n [\n -83.133544921875,\n 28.98892237190413\n ],\n [\n -79.595947265625,\n 28.98892237190413\n ],\n [\n -79.595947265625,\n 24.407137917727653\n ],\n [\n -83.133544921875,\n 24.407137917727653\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a7ce4b08de9379b309c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shamblin, Brian M.","contributorId":138897,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shamblin","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12573,"text":"Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resource, Athens Georiga","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bagley, Dean A.","contributorId":138898,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bagley","given":"Dean","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12574,"text":"Department of Biology , University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ehrhart, Llewellyn M.","contributorId":138899,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ehrhart","given":"Llewellyn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12574,"text":"Department of Biology , University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Desjardin, Nicole A.","contributorId":138900,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Desjardin","given":"Nicole","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12575,"text":"Ecological Associates, Inc, Jensen Beach, Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Martin, R. 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Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resource, Athens Georiga","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70144591,"text":"70144591 - 2014 - Arthropods of Rose Atoll with special reference to ants and Pulvinaria Urbicola Scales (Hempitera Coccidae) on Pisonia Grandis trees","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T12:32:08","indexId":"70144591","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":414,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"seriesNumber":"HCSU-057","title":"Arthropods of Rose Atoll with special reference to ants and Pulvinaria Urbicola Scales (Hempitera Coccidae) on Pisonia Grandis trees","docAbstract":"Rose Atoll, at the eastern end of the Samoan Archipelago, is a small but important refuge for seabirds, shorebirds, and sea turtles. While the vertebrate community is relatively well-studied, the terrestrial arthropod fauna, and its role in ecosystem function, are poorly known. Arthropods may be influencing the decline of Pisonia grandis, an ecologically important tree that once dominated the 6.6 ha of land on Rose Atoll. Reasons for the decline are not fully understood but a facultative relationship between two invasive arthropods, the soft scale Pulvinaria urbicola and ants, likely has contributed to tree death. The primary objectives of this study were to systematically survey the terrestrial arthropod fauna and identify ant species that tend scales on Pisonia. Using an array of standard arthropod collecting techniques, at least 73 species from 20 orders were identified, including nine ant species. Of the ants collected, only Tetramorium bicarinatum and T. simillimum were observed tending scales on Pisonia. No known natural enemies of Pulvinaria scales were found, suggesting little predation on scale populations. Treatment of Pisonia with the systemic insecticide imidacloprid failed to eliminate Pulvinaria scales, although short-term suppression apparently occurred. The arthropod fauna of Rose Atoll is dominated by exotic species that likely have a significant impact on the structure and function of the island’s ecosystem.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Hawaii at Hilo","usgsCitation":"Banko, P.C., Peck, R.W., Pendleton, F., Schmaedick, M., and Ernsberger, K., 2014, Arthropods of Rose Atoll with special reference to ants and Pulvinaria Urbicola Scales (Hempitera Coccidae) on Pisonia Grandis trees: Technical Report HCSU-057, iii, 22 p.","productDescription":"iii, 22 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061138","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312024,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":299176,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://hilo.hawaii.edu/hcsu/documents/HCSUTR057PeckRoseAtollFinal.pdf"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Rose Atoll; America Samoa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -168.63739013671875,\n -14.237762492417659\n ],\n [\n -168.6456298828125,\n -14.76691505925414\n ],\n [\n -167.926025390625,\n -14.780193975699978\n ],\n [\n -167.9150390625,\n -14.248411107424003\n ],\n [\n -168.63739013671875,\n -14.237762492417659\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5666bbc7e4b06a3ea36c8aff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banko, Paul C. 0000-0002-6035-9803 pbanko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6035-9803","contributorId":3179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banko","given":"Paul","email":"pbanko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peck, Robert W.","contributorId":45629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peck","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":543736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pendleton, Frank","contributorId":39292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendleton","given":"Frank","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":543737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmaedick, Mark","contributorId":140009,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmaedick","given":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":13353,"text":"American Samoa Community College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ernsberger, Kelsie","contributorId":140010,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ernsberger","given":"Kelsie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13354,"text":"USGS Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70159904,"text":"70159904 - 2014 - Coastal tectonics on the eastern margin of the Pacific Rim: Late Quaternary sea-level history and uplift rates, Channel Islands National Park, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-03T11:58:21","indexId":"70159904","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coastal tectonics on the eastern margin of the Pacific Rim: Late Quaternary sea-level history and uplift rates, Channel Islands National Park, California, USA","docAbstract":"The Pacific Rim is a region where tectonic processes play a significant role in coastal landscape evolution. Coastal California, on the eastern margin of the Pacific Rm, is very active tectonically and geomorphic expressions of this include uplifted marine terraces. There have been, however, conflicting estimates of the rate of late Quaternary uplift of marine terraces in coastal California, particularly for the orthern Channel Islands. In the present study, the terraces on San Miguel Island and Santa Rosa Island were mapped and new age estimates were generated using uranium-series dating of fossil corals and amino acid geochronology of fossil mollusks. Results indicate that the 2nd terrace on both islands is ~120 ka and the 1st terrace on Santa Rosa Island is ~80 ka. These ages correspond to two global high-sea stands of the Last Interglacial complex, marine isotope stages (MIS) 5.5 and 51, respectively. The age estimates indicate that San Miguel Island and Santa Rosa Island have been tectonically uplifted at rates of 0.12e0.20 m/ka in the late Quaternary, similar to uplift rates inferred from previous studies on neighboring San Cruz Island. The newly estimated uplift rates for the northern Channel Islands are, however, an order of magnitude lower than a recent study that generated uplift rates from an offshore terrace dating to the Last Glacial period. The differences between the estimated uplift rates in the present study and the offshore study are explained by the magnitude of glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) effects that were not known at the time of the earlier study. Set in the larger context of northeastern Pacific Rim tectonics, Channel Islands uplift rates are higher than those coastal localities on the margin of the East Pacific Rise spreading center, but slightly lower than those of most localities adjacent to the Cascadia subduction zone. The uplift rates reported here for the northern Channel Islands are similar to those reported for most other localities where strike-slip tectonics are dominant, but lower than localities where restraining bends (such as the Big Bend of the San Andreas Fault) result in crustal shortening.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.09.017","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D., Simmons, K., Schumann, R.R., Groves, L., DeVogel, S.B., Minor, S.A., and Laurel, D., 2014, Coastal tectonics on the eastern margin of the Pacific Rim: Late Quaternary sea-level history and uplift rates, Channel Islands National Park, California, USA: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 105, p. 209-238, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.09.017.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"209","endPage":"238","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055047","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311866,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Channel Islands National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.52001953124999,\n 33.865854454071865\n ],\n [\n -120.52001953124999,\n 34.120900139826965\n ],\n [\n -119.28955078124999,\n 34.120900139826965\n ],\n [\n -119.28955078124999,\n 33.865854454071865\n ],\n [\n -120.52001953124999,\n 33.865854454071865\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.07531738281251,\n 33.445193134508465\n ],\n [\n -119.07531738281251,\n 33.50475906922606\n ],\n [\n -118.99291992187499,\n 33.50475906922606\n ],\n [\n -118.99291992187499,\n 33.445193134508465\n ],\n [\n -119.07531738281251,\n 33.445193134508465\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"105","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"566175c6e4b06a3ea36c5687","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, Daniel R. dmuhs@usgs.gov","contributorId":140959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"Daniel R.","email":"dmuhs@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":580966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simmons, Kathleen R. ksimmons@usgs.gov","contributorId":150195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"Kathleen R.","email":"ksimmons@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":580967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schumann, R. 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These plays are diverse in lithology and age but share the common feature of occurring in ‘tight’ formations which require hydraulic (hydro-) fracturing for economic flow rates. In general, economic success requires an organic-rich reservoir with a quartz- or carbonate-rich mineralogy that responds to artificial stimulation by fracturing. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is tasked with estimating the quantity and quality of undiscovered hydrocarbons reservoired in shales. In support of that mission, we began an investigation of unconventional petroleum systems in the southern part of the Mississippi Salt Basin in 2012, building on earlier reconnaissance work that identified this area as potentially prospective for ‘shale’ gas (Enomoto et al., 2012). While our recent studies (Valentine et al., 2014a; Hackley et al., 2014) have suggested poor ‘shale’ gas prospectivity (due to low organic content, low porosity, high clay content, and significant depth), at least for the Aptian section, they also have generated a wealth of new information about thermal maturity in the Cretaceous of south Mississippi. In addition, our work to-date has set the stage for future USGS evaluation of unconventional hydrocarbons reservoired in the Upper Cretaceous Tuscaloosa Marine Shale (TMS). Here, we summarize recent USGS thermal maturity studies in the south Mississippi Salt Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"Mississippi Geological Society","usgsCitation":"Hackley, P.C., Valentine, B.J., Enomoto, C.B., and Coleman, J.L., 2014, U.S. Geological Survey unconventional petroleum systems research in south Mississippi: Observations on burial history and thermal maturity in the Cretaceous: Mississippi Geological Society Bulletin, v. 63, no. 3, p. 9-15.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"15","ipdsId":"IP-060831","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370117,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":370116,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.missgeo.com/publications.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi Salt Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.29638671875,\n 30.29701788337205\n ],\n [\n -88.35205078124999,\n 30.29701788337205\n ],\n [\n -88.35205078124999,\n 32.45415593941475\n ],\n [\n -91.29638671875,\n 32.45415593941475\n ],\n [\n -91.29638671875,\n 30.29701788337205\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"63","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hackley, Paul C. 0000-0002-5957-2551 phackley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551","contributorId":592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Paul","email":"phackley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Valentine, Brett J. 0000-0002-8678-2431 bvalentine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8678-2431","contributorId":3846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"Brett","email":"bvalentine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Enomoto, Catherine B. 0000-0002-4119-1953 cenomoto@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4119-1953","contributorId":2126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enomoto","given":"Catherine","email":"cenomoto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coleman, James L. jlcoleman@usgs.gov","contributorId":141060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coleman","given":"James","email":"jlcoleman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70138205,"text":"70138205 - 2014 - Shale: an overlooked option for US nuclear waste disposal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-18T14:01:24","indexId":"70138205","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3856,"text":"Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shale: an overlooked option for US nuclear waste disposal","docAbstract":"Toss a dart at a map of the United States and, more often than not, it will land where shale can be found underground. A drab, relatively featureless sedimentary rock that historically attracted little interest, shale (as used here, the term includes clay and a range of clay-rich rocks) is entering Americans’ consciousness as a new source of gas and oil. But shale may also offer something entirely different—the ability to safely and permanently house high-level nuclear waste.
","language":"English","publisher":"Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists","usgsCitation":"Neuzil, C.E., 2014, Shale: an overlooked option for US nuclear waste disposal: Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061329","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298724,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297296,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://thebulletin.org/shale-overlooked-option-us-nuclear-waste-disposal7831"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"550aa1bee4b02e76d7590c00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neuzil, Christopher E. 0000-0003-2022-4055 ceneuzil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2022-4055","contributorId":2322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuzil","given":"Christopher","email":"ceneuzil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70160895,"text":"70160895 - 2014 - Characterizing phosphorus dynamics in tile-drained agricultural fieldsof eastern Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-04T14:59:21","indexId":"70160895","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterizing phosphorus dynamics in tile-drained agricultural fieldsof eastern Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Artificial subsurface drainage provides an avenue for the rapid transfer of phosphorus (P) from agricultural fields to surface waters. This is of particular interest in eastern Wisconsin, where there is a concentrated population of dairy farms and high clay content soils prone to macropore development. Through collaboration with private landowners, surface and tile drainage was measured and analyzed for dissolved reactive P (DRP) and total P (TP) losses at four field sites in eastern Wisconsin between 2005 and 2009. These sites, which received frequent manure applications, represent a range of crop management practices which include: two chisel plowed corn fields (CP1, CP2), a no-till corn–soybean field (NT), and a grazed pasture (GP). Subsurface drainage was the dominant pathway of water loss at each site accounting for 66–96% of total water discharge. Average annual flow-weighted (FW) TP concentrations were 0.88, 0.57, 0.21, and 1.32 mg L−1 for sites CP1, CP2, NT, and GP, respectively. Low TP concentrations at the NT site were due to tile drain interception of groundwater flow where large volumes of tile drainage water diluted the FW-TP concentrations. Subsurface pathways contributed between 17% and 41% of the TP loss across sites. On a drainage event basis, total drainage explained between 36% and 72% of the event DRP loads across CP1, CP2, and GP; there was no relationship between event drainflow and event DRP load at the NT site. Manure applications did not consistently increase P concentrations in drainflow, but annual FW-P concentrations were greater in years receiving manure applications compared to years without manure application. Based on these field measures, P losses from tile drainage must be integrated into field level P budgets and P loss calculations on heavily manured soils, while also acknowledging the unique drainage patterns observed in eastern Wisconsin.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.08.016","collaboration":"University of Wisconsin-Madison; University of Wisconsin-Extension Discovery Farms","usgsCitation":"Madison, A., Ruark, M., Stuntebeck, T.D., Komiskey, M.J., Good, L.W., Drummy, N., and Cooley, E., 2014, Characterizing phosphorus dynamics in tile-drained agricultural fieldsof eastern Wisconsin: Journal of Hydrology, v. 519 A, p. 892-901, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.08.016.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"892","endPage":"901","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055251","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":313245,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":313242,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169414006143"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Eastern Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.48825073242188,\n 44.48817848394613\n ],\n [\n -87.57545471191406,\n 44.49503597386932\n ],\n [\n -87.56309509277344,\n 44.42544404744875\n ],\n [\n -87.506103515625,\n 44.42054008115568\n ],\n [\n -87.49031066894531,\n 44.48376967178836\n ],\n [\n -87.48825073242188,\n 44.48817848394613\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.55083465576172,\n 43.15084733565114\n ],\n [\n -88.55220794677734,\n 43.062115566057855\n ],\n [\n -88.43788146972655,\n 43.06010884219939\n ],\n [\n -88.4395980834961,\n 43.15235015543291\n ],\n [\n -88.55083465576172,\n 43.15084733565114\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"519 A","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"568ba5c7e4b0e7594ee77661","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madison, Allison","contributorId":151055,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Madison","given":"Allison","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":584193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruark, Matthew","contributorId":151056,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruark","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":584194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stuntebeck, Todd D. 0000-0002-8405-7295 tdstunte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8405-7295","contributorId":902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuntebeck","given":"Todd","email":"tdstunte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":584191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Komiskey, Matthew J. 0000-0003-2962-6974 mjkomisk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2962-6974","contributorId":1776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Komiskey","given":"Matthew","email":"mjkomisk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":584192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Good, Laura W.","contributorId":151057,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Good","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":584195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Drummy, Nancy","contributorId":151058,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drummy","given":"Nancy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18174,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Extension Discovery Farms","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":584196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cooley, Eric","contributorId":151059,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooley","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18174,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Extension Discovery Farms","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":584197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70134354,"text":"sir20145179 - 2014 - Seismic instrumentation plan for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-15T10:16:08","indexId":"sir20145179","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-25T15:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5179","title":"Seismic instrumentation plan for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","docAbstract":"The seismic network operated by the U.S. Geological Survey’s Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) is the main source of authoritative data for reporting earthquakes in the State of Hawaii, including those that occur on the State’s six active volcanoes (Kīlauea, Mauna Loa, Hualālai, Mauna Kea, Haleakalā, Lō‘ihi). Of these volcanoes, Kīlauea and Mauna Loa are considered “very high threat” in a report on the rationale for a National Volcanic Early Warning System (NVEWS) (Ewert and others, 2005). This seismic instrumentation plan assesses the current state of HVO’s seismic network with respect to the State’s active volcanoes and calculates the number of stations that are needed to upgrade the current network to provide a seismic early warning capability for forecasting volcanic activity. Further, the report provides proposed priorities for upgrading the seismic network and a cost assessment for both the installation costs and maintenance costs of the improved network that are required to fully realize the potential of the early warning system.
HVO has operated seismometers on the Island of Hawai‘i since 1912. Currently, the seismic network includes more than 70 stations from four different organizations. Generally, the Island of Hawai‘i has most of the seismic stations in the network (and most of the activity), with the density of seismic stations increasing from the northern part of the island to the south-southeast. The strength of the current network, based on theoretical detection and location capabilities, is at the summit of Kīlauea Volcano and Kīlauea’s upper East Rift Zone and Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō—where few, if any, upgrades need to be made to the seismic network. The network in the region between Kīlauea and Mauna Loa is slightly weaker, as is the summit of Mauna Loa. In general, the rift zones of each volcano are more poorly monitored seismically than the summits and thus require a greater number of stations to achieve a volcanic early warning capability for monitoring seismicity.
Priorities for new seismic installations on the volcanoes depend on several factors, including current activity, historical activity, population exposure, and current network quality. On Kīlauea, new installations on the middle East Rift Zone, lower East Rift Zone, and lower Southwest Rift Zone appear to be the highest priorities. On Mauna Loa, improvements to the summit seismic network should be prioritized based on the analysis of the data, followed by the installation of a sparse network on both rift zones. Once installed, the next priority would be to create denser seismic networks on the rift zones, particularly where eruptions could quickly threaten populated areas (middle Northeast Rift Zone, lower Southwest Rift Zone). On Hualālai, analysis of the data indicates that the Northwest Rift Zone is the most important priority, particularly where it runs through the population center of Kalaoa. Hualālai’s South Rift Zone appears to be the lowest priority for additional seismic instrumentation of any rift zone on Kīlauea, Mauna Loa, or Hualālai because of its low historical activity and lack of population exposure. Mauna Kea and Haleakalā have less active historical eruptive activity and thus have more modest proposed upgrades to seismic instrumentation.
The installation of new seismic stations is only the first part of building a volcanic early warning capability for seismicity in the State of Hawaii. Additional personnel will likely be required to study the volcanic processes at work under each volcano, analyze the current seismic activity at a level sufficient for early warning, build new tools for monitoring, maintain seismic computing resources, and maintain the new seismic stations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145179","usgsCitation":"Thelen, W.A., 2014, Seismic instrumentation plan for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5179, v, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145179.","productDescription":"v, 43 p.","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054008","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296311,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145179.gif"},{"id":296310,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5179/downloads/sir2014-5179.pdf","size":"5.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296308,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5179/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.09649658203125,\n 18.916679786648565\n ],\n [\n -156.09649658203125,\n 20.262197124246534\n ],\n [\n -154.77813720703125,\n 20.262197124246534\n ],\n [\n -154.77813720703125,\n 18.916679786648565\n ],\n [\n -156.09649658203125,\n 18.916679786648565\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54759a1ce4b042f27ef134e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thelen, Weston A. 0000-0003-2534-5577 wthelen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2534-5577","contributorId":4126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thelen","given":"Weston","email":"wthelen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70133415,"text":"fs20143116 - 2014 - Public-supply water use in Kansas, 1990-2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-25T11:07:11","indexId":"fs20143116","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-25T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3116","title":"Public-supply water use in Kansas, 1990-2012","docAbstract":"This fact sheet describes water-use data collection and quantities of surface water and groundwater diverted for public supply in Kansas for the years 1990 through 2012. Data used in this fact sheet are from the Kansas Department of Agriculture’s Division of Water Resources and the Kansas Water Office. Water used for public supply represents about 10 percent of all reported water withdrawals in Kansas. Between 1990 and 2012, annual withdrawals for public supply ranged from a low of 121 billion gallons in 1993 to a high of 159 billion gallons in 2012. Differences in annual withdrawals were associated primarily with climatic fluctuations. Six suppliers distributed about one-half of the total water withdrawn for public supply, and nearly three-quarters of the surface water. Surface water represented between 52 and 61 percent of total annual withdrawals for public supply. The proportion of surface water obtained through contracts from Federal reservoirs increased from less than 5 percent in the 1990s to 8 percent in 2011 and 2012. More than 99 percent of the reported water withdrawn for public supply in Kansas in 2012 was metered, which was an increase from 92 percent in 1990. State population increased steadily from 2.5 million people in 1990 to 2.9 million in 2012. Recent estimates indicate that about 95 percent of the total population was served by public water supply; the remainder obtained water from other sources such as private wells. Average per capita water use as calculated for State conservation planning purposes varied by region of the State. The smallest regional average water use for the years 1990–2012 was 98 gallons per person per day in easternmost Kansas, and the largest regional average water use was 274 gallons per person per day in westernmost Kansas.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143116","collaboration":"Kansas Department of Agriculture, Division of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Kenny, J.F., 2014, Public-supply water use in Kansas, 1990-2012: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3116, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143116.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1990-01-01","ipdsId":"IP-059749","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296295,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143116.jpg"},{"id":296293,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3116/"},{"id":296294,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3116/pdf/fs2014-3116.pdf","text":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54759a1ce4b042f27ef134d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kenny, Joan F. jkenny@usgs.gov","contributorId":3676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenny","given":"Joan","email":"jkenny@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70102156,"text":"sir20105070I - 2014 - Occurrence model for magmatic sulfide-rich nickel-copper-(platinum-group element) deposits related to mafic and ultramafic dike-sill complexes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-01T19:20:33.804546","indexId":"sir20105070I","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-19T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5070","chapter":"I","title":"Occurrence model for magmatic sulfide-rich nickel-copper-(platinum-group element) deposits related to mafic and ultramafic dike-sill complexes","docAbstract":"Magmatic sulfide deposits containing nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu), with or without (±) platinum-group elements (PGE), account for approximately 60 percent of the world’s nickel production. Most of the remainder of the Ni production is derived from lateritic deposits, which form by weathering of ultramafic rocks in humid tropical conditions. Magmatic Ni-Cu±PGE sulfide deposits are spatially and genetically related to bodies of mafic and/or ultramafic rocks. The sulfide deposits form when the mantle-derived mafic and/or ultramafic magmas become sulfide-saturated and segregate immiscible sulfide liquid, commonly following interaction with continental crustal rocks.
\nDeposits of magmatic Ni-Cu sulfides occur with mafic and/or ultramafic bodies emplaced in diverse geologic settings. They range in age from Archean to Tertiary, but the largest number of deposits are Archean and Paleoproterozoic. Although deposits occur on most continents, ore deposits (deposits of sufficient size and grade to be economic to mine) are relatively rare; major deposits are present in Russia, China, Australia, Canada, and southern Africa. Nickel-Cu sulfide ore deposits can occur as single or multiple sulfide lenses within mafic and/or ultramafic bodies with clusters of such deposits comprising a district or mining camp. Typically, deposits contain ore grades of between 0.5 and 3 percent Ni and between 0.2 and 2 percent Cu. Tonnages of individual deposits range from a few tens of thousands to tens of millions of metric tons (Mt) bulk ore. Two giant Ni-Cu districts, with ≥10 Mt Ni, dominate world Ni sulfide resources and production. These are the Sudbury district, Ontario, Canada, where sulfide ore deposits are at the lower margins of a meteorite impact-generated igneous complex and contain 19.8 Mt Ni; and the Noril’sk-Talnakh district, Siberia, Russia, where the ore deposits are in subvolcanic mafic intrusions related to flood basalts and contain 23.1 Mt Ni. In the United States, the Duluth Complex in Minnesota, comprised of a group of mafic intrusions related to the 1.1 Ga Midcontinent Rift system, represents a major Ni resource of 8 Mt Ni, but deposits generally exhibit low grades (0.2 percent Ni, 0.66 percent Cu) and remain in the process of being proven economic.
\nThe sulfides in magmatic Ni-Cu deposits generally constitute a small volume of the host rock(s) and tend to be concentrated in the lower parts of the mafic and/or ultramafic bodies, often in physical depressions or areas marking changes in the geometry of the footwall topography. In most deposits, the sulfide mineralization can be divided into disseminated, matrix or net, and massive sulfide, depending on a combination of the sulfide content of the rock and the silicate texture. The major Ni-Cu sulfide mineralogy typically consists of an intergrowth of pyrrhotite (Fe7S8), pentlandite ([Fe, Ni]9S8), and chalcopyrite (FeCuS2). Cobalt, PGE, and gold (Au) are extracted from most magmatic Ni-Cu ores as byproducts, although such elements can have a significant impact on the economics in some deposits, such as the Noril’sk-Talnakh deposits, which produce much of the world’s palladium. In addition, deposits may contain between 1 and 15 percent magnetite associated with the sulfides.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineral deposit models for resource assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105070I","issn":"2328-0328","usgsCitation":"Schulz, K.J., Woodruff, L.G., Nicholson, S.W., Seal, R., Piatak, N.M., Chandler, V., and Mars, J.L., 2014, Occurrence model for magmatic sulfide-rich nickel-copper-(platinum-group element) deposits related to mafic and ultramafic dike-sill complexes: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5070, x, 80 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105070I.","productDescription":"x, 80 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-027620","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296211,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20105070i.jpg"},{"id":296210,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5070/i/pdf/sir2010-5070i.pdf","text":"Report","size":"12.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":296209,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5070/i/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546db11ee4b0fc7976bf1e39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schulz, Klaus J. 0000-0003-2967-4765 kschulz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2967-4765","contributorId":2438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"Klaus","email":"kschulz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodruff, Laurel G. 0000-0002-2514-9923 woodruff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2514-9923","contributorId":2224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"Laurel","email":"woodruff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nicholson, Suzanne W. 0000-0002-9365-1894 swnich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9365-1894","contributorId":880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholson","given":"Suzanne","email":"swnich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":525487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Seal, Robert R. II 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"II","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Piatak, Nadine M. 0000-0002-1973-8537 npiatak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1973-8537","contributorId":2324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatak","given":"Nadine","email":"npiatak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chandler, Val W.","contributorId":57135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chandler","given":"Val W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mars, John L. jmars@usgs.gov","contributorId":3428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mars","given":"John","email":"jmars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70133657,"text":"70133657 - 2014 - Uncertainty analysis of a groundwater flow model in east-central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-05T10:39:49","indexId":"70133657","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-19T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uncertainty analysis of a groundwater flow model in east-central Florida","docAbstract":"A groundwater flow model for east-central Florida has been developed to help water-resource managers assess the impact of increased groundwater withdrawals from the Floridan aquifer system on heads and spring flows originating from the Upper Floridan aquifer. The model provides a probabilistic description of predictions of interest to water-resource managers, given the uncertainty associated with system heterogeneity, the large number of input parameters, and a nonunique groundwater flow solution. The uncertainty associated with these predictions can then be considered in decisions with which the model has been designed to assist. The “Null Space Monte Carlo” method is a stochastic probabilistic approach used to generate a suite of several hundred parameter field realizations, each maintaining the model in a calibrated state, and each considered to be hydrogeologically plausible. The results presented herein indicate that the model’s capacity to predict changes in heads or spring flows that originate from increased groundwater withdrawals is considerably greater than its capacity to predict the absolute magnitudes of heads or spring flows. Furthermore, the capacity of the model to make predictions that are similar in location and in type to those in the calibration dataset exceeds its capacity to make predictions of different types at different locations. The quantification of these outcomes allows defensible use of the modeling process in support of future water-resources decisions. The model allows the decision-making process to recognize the uncertainties, and the spatial/temporal variability of uncertainties that are associated with predictions of future system behavior in a complex hydrogeological context.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Ground Water Association","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12232","usgsCitation":"Sepulveda, N., and Doherty, J.E., 2014, Uncertainty analysis of a groundwater flow model in east-central Florida: Groundwater, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12232.","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050416","costCenters":[{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296204,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Lake County, Orange County, Osceola County, Polk County, Seminole County","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546db11fe4b0fc7976bf1e4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sepulveda, Nicasio 0000-0002-6333-1865 nsepul@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6333-1865","contributorId":1454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"Nicasio","email":"nsepul@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doherty, John E.","contributorId":8817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doherty","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7046,"text":"Watermark Numerical Computing","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70133637,"text":"ofr20141167 - 2014 - Digital Mapping Techniques '11–12 workshop proceedings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-18T10:56:46","indexId":"ofr20141167","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-18T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1167","title":"Digital Mapping Techniques '11–12 workshop proceedings","docAbstract":"The Digital Mapping Techniques '11 (DMT'11) workshop was hosted by Virginia Division of Geology and Mineral Resources and The College of William & Mary, and coordinated by the National Geologic Map Database project. Conducted May 22-25 on the campus of The College of William & Mary, in Williamsburg, Virginia, it was attended by 77 technical experts from 30 agencies, universities, and private companies, including representatives from 19 State geological surveys (see \"DMT'11 Presentations and Attendees\" in these Proceedings).
\nThe Digital Mapping Techniques '12 (DMT'12) workshop was hosted by the Illinois State Geological Survey and coordinated by the National Geologic Map Database project. Conducted May 20-23 on the campus of The University of Illinois, in Champaign, Illinois, it was attended by 73 technical experts from 34 agencies, universities, and private companies, including representatives from 25 State geological surveys (see \"DMT'12 Presentations and Attendees\" in these Proceedings).
\nAt these meetings, oral and poster presentations and special discussion sessions emphasized: (1) methods for creating and publishing map products (here, \"publishing\" includes Web-based release); (2) field data capture software and techniques, including the use of LiDAR; (3) digital cartographic techniques; (4) migration of digital maps into ArcGIS Geodatabase formats; (5) analytical GIS techniques; and (6) continued development of the National Geologic Map Database.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141167","usgsCitation":"Soller, D.R., 2014, Digital Mapping Techniques '11–12 workshop proceedings: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1167, iv, 134 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141167.","productDescription":"iv, 134 p.","numberOfPages":"141","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053871","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296152,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1167/pdf/ofr2014-1167_dmt11-12.pdf"},{"id":296153,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141167.jpg"},{"id":296136,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1167/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546c6433e4b068a3ebb6f007","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soller, David R. 0000-0001-6177-8332 drsoller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-8332","contributorId":2700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soller","given":"David","email":"drsoller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70129407,"text":"sir20145206 - 2014 - Measurement of unsaturated hydraulic properties and evaluation of property-transfer models for deep sedimentary interbeds, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-21T13:16:38","indexId":"sir20145206","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-14T16:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5206","title":"Measurement of unsaturated hydraulic properties and evaluation of property-transfer models for deep sedimentary interbeds, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho","docAbstract":"Operations at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) have the potential to contaminate the underlying Eastern Snake River Plain (ESRP) aquifer. Methods to quantitatively characterize unsaturated flow and recharge to the ESRP aquifer are needed to inform water-resources management decisions at INL. In particular, hydraulic properties are needed to parameterize distributed hydrologic models of unsaturated flow and transport at INL, but these properties are often difficult and costly to obtain for large areas. The unsaturated zone overlying the ESRP aquifer consists of alternating sequences of thick fractured volcanic rocks that can rapidly transmit water flow and thinner sedimentary interbeds that transmit water much more slowly. Consequently, the sedimentary interbeds are of considerable interest because they primarily restrict the vertical movement of water through the unsaturated zone. Previous efforts by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) have included extensive laboratory characterization of the sedimentary interbeds and regression analyses to develop property-transfer models, which relate readily available physical properties of the sedimentary interbeds (bulk density, median particle diameter, and uniformity coefficient) to water retention and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity curves.
\n\n
During 2013–14, the USGS, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, focused on further characterization of the sedimentary interbeds below the future site of the proposed Remote Handled Low-Level Waste (RHLLW) facility, which is intended for the long-term storage of low-level radioactive waste. Twelve core samples from the sedimentary interbeds from a borehole near the proposed facility were collected for laboratory analysis of hydraulic properties, which also allowed further testing of the property-transfer modeling approach. For each core sample, the steady-state centrifuge method was used to measure relations between matric potential, saturation, and conductivity. These laboratory measurements were compared to water-retention and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity parameters estimated using the established property-transfer models. For each core sample obtained, the agreement between measured and estimated hydraulic parameters was evaluated quantitatively using the Pearson correlation coefficient (r). The highest correlation is for saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) with an r value of 0.922. The saturated water content (qsat) also exhibits a strong linear correlation with an r value of 0.892. The curve shape parameter (λ) has a value of 0.731, whereas the curve scaling parameter (yo) has the lowest r value of 0.528. The r values demonstrate that model predictions correspond well to the laboratory measured properties for most parameters, which supports the value of extending this approach for quantifying unsaturated hydraulic properties at various sites throughout INL.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145206","collaboration":"DOE/ID-22231. Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy.","usgsCitation":"Perkins, K., Johnson, B., and Mirus, B.B., 2014, Measurement of unsaturated hydraulic properties and evaluation of property-transfer models for deep sedimentary interbeds, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5206, v, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145206.","productDescription":"v, 15 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058687","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296127,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145206.jpg"},{"id":296125,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5206/"},{"id":296126,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5206/pdf/sir2014-5206.pdf","size":"1.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Idaho National Laboratory","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.148193359375,\n 43.37311218382002\n ],\n [\n -113.148193359375,\n 43.92163712834673\n ],\n [\n -112.54394531249999,\n 43.92163712834673\n ],\n [\n -112.54394531249999,\n 43.37311218382002\n ],\n [\n -113.148193359375,\n 43.37311218382002\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5467199de4b04d4b7dbde52e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perkins, Kimberlie kperkins@usgs.gov","contributorId":2270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"Kimberlie","email":"kperkins@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Brittany D. bdjohnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":5797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Brittany D.","email":"bdjohnson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mirus, Benjamin B.","contributorId":12348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mirus","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":7043,"text":"University of North Carolina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70127634,"text":"ofr20141187 - 2014 - A ground-based magnetic survey of Frenchman Flat, Nevada National Security Site and Nevada Test and Training Range, Nevada: data release and preliminary interpretation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-14T15:00:56","indexId":"ofr20141187","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-14T15:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1187","title":"A ground-based magnetic survey of Frenchman Flat, Nevada National Security Site and Nevada Test and Training Range, Nevada: data release and preliminary interpretation","docAbstract":"The Nevada National Security Site (NNSS, formerly the Nevada Test Site) is located in southern Nevada approximately 105 kilometers (km) (65 miles) northwest of Las Vegas. Frenchman Flat is a sedimentary basin located on the eastern edge of NNSS and extending eastward into the adjacent Nevada Test and Training Range (NTTR).
\n\n
In late September 2010, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a ground-based magnetic survey of the northeast portion of Frenchman Flat within the NNSS and within the adjacent NTTR. The survey was designed to address two questions of importance to the siting of new monitoring wells near (down-gradient of) or within groundwater-contaminant plumes resulting from the Milk Shake and Pin Stripe underground nuclear tests:
\n\n
Question 1—What is the horizontal extent of the basalt flow (the Basalt lava flow aquifer or BLFA) encountered in three wells (UE5k, UE5i, and ER-5-3) within the alluvial section at depths ranging from 268 to 290 meters (m) (880 to 950 feet [ft]), and having a thickness between 9 and 21 m (30 and 70 ft)? Exploratory Hole UE5k is located near Emplacement Hole U5k, site of the Milk Shake underground nuclear test (U.S. Department of Energy, 2000). Characterization well ER-5-3 is located approximately 670 m (2,200 ft) west-northwest of the Milk Shake test.
\n\n
Question 2—Does basin and range normal faulting observed in the hills north of Frenchman Flat continue southward under alluvium and possibly disrupt the Topopah Spring Tuff of the Paintbrush Group (the Topopah Spring welded tuff aquifer or TSA) east of the Pin Stripe underground nuclear test, which was conducted in Emplacement hole U11b?
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141187","usgsCitation":"Phillips, J.D., Burton, B., Curry-Elrod, E., and Drellack, S., 2014, A ground-based magnetic survey of Frenchman Flat, Nevada National Security Site and Nevada Test and Training Range, Nevada: data release and preliminary interpretation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1187, Report: vi, 144 p.; 1 Plate: 36.00 x 48.00 inches; USGS-474-216: 24 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141187.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 144 p.; 1 Plate: 36.00 x 48.00 inches; USGS-474-216: 24 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"150","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-033091","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296122,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141187.jpg"},{"id":296117,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1187/"},{"id":296118,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1187/pdf/ofr2014-1187.pdf","size":"13.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296119,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1187/pdf/Plate1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"93.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296120,"rank":4,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1187/pdf/USGS-474-216.pdf","text":"USGS-474-216","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296121,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1187/downloads/","text":"Downloads Directory"}],"datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Frenchman Flat","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.9771728515625,\n 36.72567681977065\n ],\n [\n -115.9771728515625,\n 36.85764758564407\n ],\n [\n -115.7244873046875,\n 36.85764758564407\n ],\n [\n -115.7244873046875,\n 36.72567681977065\n ],\n [\n -115.9771728515625,\n 36.72567681977065\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54671998e4b04d4b7dbde512","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, Jeffrey D. 0000-0002-6459-2821 jeff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-2821","contributorId":1572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burton, Bethany L. 0000-0001-5011-7862 blburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5011-7862","contributorId":1341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Bethany L.","email":"blburton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Curry-Elrod, Erika","contributorId":83634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curry-Elrod","given":"Erika","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Drellack, Sigmund","contributorId":121072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drellack","given":"Sigmund","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70125378,"text":"sir20145178 - 2014 - Stream-water and groundwater quality in and near the Citizen Potawatomi Nation Tribal Jurisdictional Area, Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma, 2012-13","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-14T13:18:15","indexId":"sir20145178","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-14T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5178","title":"Stream-water and groundwater quality in and near the Citizen Potawatomi Nation Tribal Jurisdictional Area, Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma, 2012-13","docAbstract":"The Citizen Potawatomi Nation needs to characterize their existing surface-water and groundwater resources in and near their tribal jurisdictional area to complete a water-resource management plan. Water resources in this area include surface water from the North Canadian and Little Rivers and groundwater from the terrace and alluvial aquifers and underlying bedrock aquifers. To assist in this effort, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Citizen Potawatomi Nation, collected water-quality samples at 4 sites on 3 streams and from 30 wells during 2012 and 2013 in and near the Citizen Potawatomi Nation Tribal Jurisdictional Area in central Oklahoma. Stream samples were collected eight times on the North Canadian River at the upstream USGS streamflow-gaging station North Canadian River near Harrah, Okla. (07241550); at the downstream USGS streamflow-gaging station North Canadian River at Shawnee, Okla. (07241800); and on the Little River at the USGS streamflow-gaging station Little River near Tecumseh, Okla., (07230500). Stream samples also were collected three times at an ungaged site, Deer Creek near McLoud, Okla. (07241590). Water properties were measured, and water samples were analyzed for concentrations of major ions, nutrients, trace elements, counts of fecal-indicator bacteria, and 69 organic compounds.
\n\n
The highest concentrations of dissolved solids and chlorides were measured in stream-water samples collected at the Little River near Tecumseh station. The Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level (SMCL) for dissolved solids in drinking water of 500 milligrams per liter (mg/L) was exceeded in 7 of 8 stream-water samples, with a median concentration of 844 mg/L at that station. The 250-mg/L SMCL for chloride was exceeded in 5 of the 8 stream-water samples collected at that station.
\n\n
Median concentrations of total dissolved nitrogen were about an order of magnitude higher in stream-water samples collected at the two stations on the North Canadian River than concentrations in stream-water samples collected at the Little River near Tecumseh station and the Deer Creek site. Median concentrations of total dissolved nitrogen were 4.36 and 2.89 mg/L in stream-water samples collected at the two North Canadian River stations, 0.35 mg/L in stream-water samples collected at the Little River near Tecumseh station, and 0.76 mg/L in stream-water samples collected at the Deer Creek site.
\n\n
Similar to nitrogen, median concentrations of total dissolved phosphorus were higher by about two orders of magnitude in stream-water samples collected at the two stations on the North Canadian River than concentrations in stream-water samples collected at the Little River near Tecumseh station and the Deer Creek site. Median concentrations of total dissolved phosphorus were 1.05 and 0.805 mg/L in stream-water samples collected at the two North Canadian River stations, 0.007 mg/L in stream-water samples collected at the Little River near Tecumseh station, and 0.032 mg/L from the Deer Creek site. Dissolved concentrations of total nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen, orthophosphorus, and total phosphorus were highest in stream-water samples collected at the two North Canadian River stations at low streamflows, indicating that wastewater effluent may have been a notable source of these nutrients.
\n\n
Concentrations of most trace elements increased with increasing streamflow in stream-water samples collected at the two North Canadian River stations, indicating that most trace elements are washed into the river by runoff from the land surface or resuspended from streambed sediments. In general, most trace-element concentrations were below respective Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) for public drinking-water supplies, except for one stream-water sample with an arsenic concentration of 10.1 micrograms per liter (µg/L) collected from the North Canadian River and one stream-water sample with a barium concentration of 2,690 µg/L collected from the Little River. At least one stream-water sample from each of the four stream sites sampled in this study contained a lead concentration exceeding the SMCL of 15 µg/L. All of these samples were collected during high streamflows.
\n\n
A greater number of organic compounds were detected in stream-water samples collected at the two stations on the North Canadian River than in stream-water samples collected at the Tecumseh station and Deer Creek site. In the 8 stream-water samples collected at the upstream Harrah station, 213 detections of organic compounds were measured, whereas in 8 samples collected at the downstream Shawnee station, 203 detections of organic compounds were measured. In contrast, 59 detections of organic compounds were measured in the 8 stream-water samples collected at the Tecumseh station, and 25 detections of organic compounds were measured in the 3 stream-water samples collected at the Deer Creek site; however, the 8 detections of 7 organic compounds in the 2 equipment-blank samples is problematic for evaluating these data, especially for the Deer Creek and Little River samples because of the comparatively low detection frequency and should be taken into consideration when evaluating these results.
\n\n
Groundwater samples also were collected once from 30 wells producing water from the Garber-Wellington aquifer; Admire, Chase, and Council Grove Groups; the Vanoss Formation; and the terrace and alluvial aquifers along the North Canadian River. Water properties were measured, and samples were analyzed for concentrations of major ions, nutrients, trace elements, and selected radionuclides in groundwater. Of 30 wells sampled for this study, 26 were completed in bedrock aquifers, and 4 were completed in terrace and alluvial aquifers. In general, groundwater in the study area is very hard, with a median concentration of 180 mg/L as calcium carbonate in water samples collected from the 30 wells. Concentrations of sulfate exceeded the 250-mg/L SMCL in two groundwater samples, and dissolved solids concentrations exceeded the 500-mg/L SMCL in nine groundwater samples. Trace-element concentrations did not exceed respective MCLs in the 30 groundwater samples collected for this study.
\n\n
Concentrations of the radionuclide uranium ranged from 0.03 to 79.5 µg/L, with a median concentration of 1.9 µg/L in the 30 groundwater samples collected. Two of the groundwater samples collected for this study had uranium concentrations exceeding the MCL of 30 µg/L, with concentrations of 79.5 and 31.1 µg/L. Generally, uranium concentrations were highest in water samples collected from wells completed in the Wellington Formation and the Chase, Council Grove, and Admire Groups in the southern and eastern parts of the study area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145178","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Citizen Potawatomi Nation","usgsCitation":"Becker, C., 2014, Stream-water and groundwater quality in and near the Citizen Potawatomi Nation Tribal Jurisdictional Area, Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma, 2012-13: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5178, viii, 102 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145178.","productDescription":"viii, 102 p.","numberOfPages":"114","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055762","costCenters":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296101,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145178.jpg"},{"id":296100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5178/pdf/sir2014-5178.pdf","size":"4.83 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":296099,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5178/"}],"projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","county":"Pottawatomie County","otherGeospatial":"Little River, North Canadian River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.27157592773438,\n 34.88593094075317\n ],\n [\n -97.27157592773438,\n 35.561277754384555\n ],\n [\n -96.77169799804686,\n 35.561277754384555\n ],\n [\n -96.77169799804686,\n 34.88593094075317\n ],\n [\n -97.27157592773438,\n 34.88593094075317\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5467199fe4b04d4b7dbde53c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Becker, Carol 0000-0001-6652-4542 cjbecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6652-4542","contributorId":2489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"Carol","email":"cjbecker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70134557,"text":"70134557 - 2014 - The Late Cretaceous Middle Fork caldera, its resurgent intrusion, and enduring landscape stability in east-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T13:22:10","indexId":"70134557","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Late Cretaceous Middle Fork caldera, its resurgent intrusion, and enduring landscape stability in east-central Alaska","docAbstract":"Dissected caldera structures expose thick intracaldera tuff and, uncommonly, cogenetic shallow plutons, while remnants of correlative outflow tuffs deposited on the pre-eruption ground surface record elements of ancient landscapes. The Middle Fork caldera encompasses a 10 km × 20 km area of rhyolite welded tuff and granite porphyry in east-central Alaska, ∼100 km west of the Yukon border. Intracaldera tuff is at least 850 m thick. The K-feldspar megacrystic granite porphyry is exposed over much of a 7 km × 12 km area having 650 m of relief within the western part of the caldera fill. Sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe with reverse geometry (SHRIMP-RG) analyses of zircon from intracaldera tuff, granite porphyry, and outflow tuff yield U-Pb ages of 70.0 ± 1.2, 69.7 ± 1.2, and 71.1 ± 0.5 Ma (95% confidence), respectively. An aeromagnetic survey indicates that the tuff is reversely magnetized, and, therefore, that the caldera-forming eruption occurred in the C31r geomagnetic polarity chron. The tuff and porphyry have arc geochemical signatures and a limited range in SiO2 of 69 to 72 wt%. Although their phenocrysts differ in size and abundance, similar quartz + K-feldspar + plagioclase + biotite mineralogy, whole-rock geochemistry, and analytically indistinguishable ages indicate that the tuff and porphyry were comagmatic. Resorption of phenocrysts in tuff and porphyry suggests that these magmas formed by thermal rejuvenation of near-solidus or solidified crystal mush. A rare magmatic enclave (54% SiO2, arc geochemical signature) in the porphyry may be similar to parental magma and provides evidence of mafic magma and thermal input.
\n\n
The Middle Fork is a relatively well preserved caldera within a broad region of Paleozoic metamorphic rocks and Mesozoic plutons bounded by northeast-trending faults. In the relatively downdropped and less deeply exhumed crustal blocks, Cretaceous–Early Tertiary silicic volcanic rocks attest to long-term stability of the landscape. Within the Middle Fork caldera, the granite porphyry is interpreted to have been exposed by erosion of thick intracaldera tuff from an asymmetric resurgent dome. The Middle Fork of the North Fork of the Fortymile River incised an arcuate valley into and around the caldera fill on the west and north and may have cut down from within an original caldera moat. The 70 Ma land surface is preserved beneath proximal outflow tuff at the west margin of the caldera structure and beneath welded outflow tuff 16–23 km east-southeast of the caldera in a paleovalley. Within ∼50 km of the Middle Fork caldera are 14 examples of Late Cretaceous (?)–Tertiary felsic volcanic and hypabyssal intrusive rocks that range in area from <1 km2 to ∼100 km2. Rhyolite dome clusters north and northwest of the caldera occupy tectonic basins associated with northeast-trending faults and are relatively little eroded. Lava of a latite complex, 12–19 km northeast of the caldera, apparently flowed into the paleovalley of the Middle Fork of the North Fork of the Fortymile River. To the northwest of the Middle Fork caldera, in the Mount Harper crustal block, mid-Cretaceous plutonic rocks are widely exposed, indicating greater total exhumation. To the southeast of the Middle Fork block, the Mount Veta block has been uplifted sufficiently to expose a ca. 68–66 Ma equigranular granitic pluton. Farther to the southeast, in the Kechumstuk block, the flat-lying outflow tuff remnant in Gold Creek and a regionally extensive high terrace indicate that the landscape there has been little modified since 70 Ma other than entrenchment of tributaries in response to post–2.7 Ma lowering of base level of the Yukon River associated with advance of the Cordilleran ice sheet.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES01037.1","usgsCitation":"Bacon, C.R., Dusel-Bacon, C., Aleinikoff, J.N., and Slack, J.F., 2014, The Late Cretaceous Middle Fork caldera, its resurgent intrusion, and enduring landscape stability in east-central Alaska: Geosphere, v. 10, no. 6, p. 1432-1455, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01037.1.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"1432","endPage":"1455","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054534","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472644,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges01037.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296440,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -181.494140625,\n 51.01375465718821\n ],\n [\n -181.494140625,\n 71.74643171904148\n ],\n [\n -140.80078125,\n 71.74643171904148\n ],\n [\n -140.80078125,\n 51.01375465718821\n ],\n [\n -181.494140625,\n 51.01375465718821\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"548193cae4b0aa6d778520fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bacon, Charles R. 0000-0002-2165-5618 cbacon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":2909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"Charles","email":"cbacon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dusel-Bacon, Cynthia 0000-0001-8481-739X cdusel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8481-739X","contributorId":2797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusel-Bacon","given":"Cynthia","email":"cdusel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Slack, John F. 0000-0001-6600-3130 jfslack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6600-3130","contributorId":1032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"John","email":"jfslack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}