{"pageNumber":"1350","pageRowStart":"33725","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184757,"records":[{"id":70143059,"text":"70143059 - 2014 - Experimental test of theory for the stability of partially saturated vertical cut slopes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-17T10:53:50","indexId":"70143059","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-01T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2327,"text":"Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Experimental test of theory for the stability of partially saturated vertical cut slopes","docAbstract":"<p>This paper extends Culmann's vertical-cut analysis to unsaturated soils. To test the extended theory, unsaturated sand was compacted to a uniform porosity and moisture content in a laboratory apparatus. A sliding door that extended the height of the free face of the slope was lowered until the vertical cut failed. Digital images of the slope cross section and upper surface were acquired concurrently. A recently developed particle image velocimetry (PIV) tool was used to quantify soil displacement. The PIV analysis showed strain localization at varying distances from the sliding door prior to failure. The areas of localized strain were coincident with the location of the slope crest after failure. Shear-strength and soil-water-characteristic parameters of the sand were independently tested for use in extended analyses of the vertical-cut stability and of the failure plane angle. Experimental failure heights were within 22.3% of the heights predicted using the extended theory.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001119","usgsCitation":"Morse, M., Lu, N., Wayllace, A., Godt, J.W., and Take, W., 2014, Experimental test of theory for the stability of partially saturated vertical cut slopes: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, v. 140, no. 9, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001119.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055441","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298615,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":298592,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%29GT.1943-5606.0001119"}],"volume":"140","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5509502ee4b02e76d757e61b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morse, Michael M.","contributorId":11115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morse","given":"Michael M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lu, N.","contributorId":96025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wayllace, Alexandra","contributorId":23044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wayllace","given":"Alexandra","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Godt, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-8737-2493 jgodt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493","contributorId":1166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgodt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Take, W.A.","contributorId":139686,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Take","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70134681,"text":"70134681 - 2014 - Phenological adjustment in arctic bird species: relative importance of snow melt and ecological factors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-06T16:38:30","indexId":"70134681","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-01T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3093,"text":"Polar Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phenological adjustment in arctic bird species: relative importance of snow melt and ecological factors","docAbstract":"<p>Previous studies have documented advancement in clutch initiation dates (CIDs) in response to climate change, most notably for temperate-breeding passerines. Despite accelerated climate change in the Arctic, few studies have examined nest phenology shifts in arctic breeding species. We investigated whether CIDs have advanced for the most abundant breeding shorebird and passerine species at a long-term monitoring site in arctic Alaska. We pooled data from three additional nearby sites to determine the explanatory power of snow melt and ecological variables (predator abundance, green-up) on changes in breeding phenology. As predicted, all species (semipalmated sandpiper,&nbsp;<em class=\"a-plus-plus\">Calidris pusilla</em>, pectoral sandpiper,&nbsp;<em class=\"a-plus-plus\">Calidris melanotos</em>, red-necked phalarope,&nbsp;<em class=\"a-plus-plus\">Phalaropus lobatus</em>, red phalarope,&nbsp;<em class=\"a-plus-plus\">Phalaropus fulicarius</em>, Lapland longspur,&nbsp;<em class=\"a-plus-plus\">Calcarius lapponicus</em>) exhibited advanced CIDs ranging from 0.40 to 0.80&nbsp;days/year over 9&nbsp;years. Timing of snow melt was the most important variable in explaining clutch initiation advancement (&ldquo;climate/snow hypothesis&rdquo;) for four of the five species, while green-up was a much less important explanatory factor. We found no evidence that high predator abundances led to earlier laying dates (&ldquo;predator/re-nest hypothesis&rdquo;). Our results support previous arctic studies in that climate change in the cryosphere will have a strong impact on nesting phenology although factors explaining changes in nest phenology are not necessarily uniform across the entire Arctic. Our results suggest some arctic-breeding shorebird and passerine species are altering their breeding phenology to initiate nesting earlier enabling them to, at least temporarily, avoid the negative consequences of a trophic mismatch.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00300-014-1522-x","usgsCitation":"Liebezeit, J.R., Gurney, K.E., Budde, M.E., Zack, S., and Ward, D.H., 2014, Phenological adjustment in arctic bird species: relative importance of snow melt and ecological factors: Polar Biology, v. 37, no. 9, p. 1309-1320, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-014-1522-x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1309","endPage":"1320","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056264","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296439,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -154.896240234375,\n              70.10674681309753\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.896240234375,\n              70.67088107015755\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.7001953125,\n              70.67088107015755\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.7001953125,\n              70.10674681309753\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.896240234375,\n              70.10674681309753\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"37","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"548193bee4b0aa6d778520f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liebezeit, Joseph R.","contributorId":127693,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liebezeit","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gurney, K. E. B.","contributorId":14230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gurney","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E. B.","affiliations":[{"id":108,"text":"Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Budde, Michael E. 0000-0002-9098-2751 mbudde@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9098-2751","contributorId":3007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budde","given":"Michael","email":"mbudde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zack, Steve","contributorId":127694,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zack","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ward, David H. 0000-0002-5242-2526 dward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2526","contributorId":3247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"David","email":"dward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70125311,"text":"70125311 - 2014 - Inorganic elements in green sea turtles (<i>Chelonia mydas</i>): relationships among external and internal tissues","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-14T16:03:35","indexId":"70125311","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-01T11:39:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inorganic elements in green sea turtles (<i>Chelonia mydas</i>): relationships among external and internal tissues","docAbstract":"Inorganic elements from anthropogenic sources have entered marine environments worldwide and are detectable in marine organisms, including sea turtles. Threatened and endangered classifications of sea turtles have heretofore made assessments of contaminant concentrations difficult because of regulatory restrictions on obtaining samples using nonlethal techniques. In the present study, claw and skin biopsy samples were examined as potential indicators of internal tissue burdens in green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas). Significant relationships were observed between claw and liver, and claw and muscle concentrations of mercury, nickel, arsenic, and selenium (p < 0.05). Similarly, significant relationships were observed between skin biopsy concentrations and those in liver, kidney, and muscle tissues for mercury, arsenic, selenium, and vanadium (p < 0.05). Concentrations of arsenic, barium, chromium, nickel, strontium, vanadium, and zinc in claws and skin biopsies were substantially elevated when compared with all other tissues, indicating that these highly keratinized tissues may represent sequestration or excretion pathways. Correlations between standard carapace length and cobalt, lead, and manganese concentrations were observed (p < 0.05), indicating that tissue concentrations of these elements may be related to age and size. Results suggest that claws may indeed be useful indicators of mercury and nickel concentrations in liver and muscle tissues, whereas skin biopsy inorganic element concentrations may be better suited as indicators of mercury, selenium, and vanadium concentrations in liver, kidney, and muscle tissues of green sea turtles.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1002/etc.2650","usgsCitation":"Faust, D.R., Hooper, M.J., Cobb, G., Barnes, M., Shaver, D., Ertolacci, S., and Smith, P.N., 2014, Inorganic elements in green sea turtles (<i>Chelonia mydas</i>): relationships among external and internal tissues: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 33, no. 9, p. 2020-2027, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2650.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2020","endPage":"2027","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-053836","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293939,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293938,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.2650"}],"volume":"33","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54195141e4b091c7ffc8e721","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faust, Derek R.","contributorId":68232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faust","given":"Derek","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hooper, Michael J. 0000-0002-4161-8961 mhooper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4161-8961","contributorId":3251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooper","given":"Michael","email":"mhooper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cobb, George P.","contributorId":23860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cobb","given":"George P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barnes, Melanie","contributorId":62945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"Melanie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shaver, Donna","contributorId":27372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaver","given":"Donna","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ertolacci, Shauna","contributorId":23459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ertolacci","given":"Shauna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, Philip N.","contributorId":8396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70157132,"text":"70157132 - 2014 - Quaternary ostracode and foraminiferal biostratigraphy and paleoceanography in the western Arctic Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-09T10:32:31","indexId":"70157132","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-01T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2673,"text":"Marine Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quaternary ostracode and foraminiferal biostratigraphy and paleoceanography in the western Arctic Ocean","docAbstract":"<p><span>The stratigraphic distributions of ostracodes and selected calcareous benthic and planktic foraminiferal species were studied in sediment cores from ~&nbsp;700 to 2700&nbsp;m water depth on the Northwind, Mendeleev, and Lomonosov Ridges in the western Arctic Ocean. Microfaunal records in most cores cover mid- to late Quaternary sediments deposited in the last ~&nbsp;600&nbsp;ka, with one record covering the last ~&nbsp;1.5&nbsp;Ma. Results show a progressive faunal turnover during the mid-Pleistocene transition (MPT, ~&nbsp;1.2 to 0.7&nbsp;Ma) and around the mid-Brunhes event (MBE, ~&nbsp;0.4&nbsp;Ma) reflecting major changes in Arctic Ocean temperature, circulation and sea-ice cover. The observed MPT shift is characterized by the extinction of species that today inhabit the sea-ice free subpolar North Atlantic and/or seasonally sea-ice free Nordic Seas (</span><i>Echinocythereis</i><span>&nbsp;sp.,&nbsp;</span><i>Rockallia</i><span>cf.&nbsp;</span><i>enigmatica</i><span>,&nbsp;</span><i>Krithe</i><span>&nbsp;cf.&nbsp;</span><i>aquilonia</i><span>,&nbsp;</span><i>Pterygocythereis vannieuwenhuisei</i><span>). After a very warm interglacial during marine isotope stage (MIS) 11 dominated by the temperate planktic foraminifer&nbsp;</span><i>Turborotalita egelida</i><span>, the MBE experienced a shift to polar assemblages characteristic of predominantly perennial Arctic sea-ice cover during the interglacial and interstadial periods of the last 300&nbsp;ka. These include the planktic foraminifera&nbsp;</span><i>Neogloboquadrina pachyderma</i><span>, the sea-ice dwelling ostracode</span><i>Acetabulastoma arcticum</i><span>&nbsp;and associated benthic taxa&nbsp;</span><i>Pseudocythere caudata</i><span>,</span><i>Pedicythere neofluitans</i><span>, and&nbsp;</span><i>Polycope</i><span>&nbsp;spp. Several species can be used as biostratigraphic markers of specific intervals such as ostracodes&nbsp;</span><i>Rabilimis mirabilis</i><span>&nbsp;&mdash; MIS 5 and&nbsp;</span><i>P. vannieuwenhuisei</i><span>&nbsp;extinction after MIS 11, and foraminiferal abundance zones&nbsp;</span><i>Bulimina aculeata</i><span>&nbsp;&mdash; late MIS 5 and&nbsp;</span><i>Bolivina arctica</i><span>&nbsp;&mdash; MIS 5-11.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.marmicro.2014.05.001","usgsCitation":"Cronin, T.M., DeNinno, L.H., Polyak, L., Caverly, E.K., Poore, R.Z., Brenner, A.R., Rodriguez-Lazaro, J., and Marzen, R., 2014, Quaternary ostracode and foraminiferal biostratigraphy and paleoceanography in the western Arctic Ocean: Marine Micropaleontology, v. 111, p. 118-133, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2014.05.001.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"118","endPage":"133","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054506","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307991,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55f15831e4b0dacf699eb972","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, Thomas M. 0000-0002-2643-0979 tcronin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":2579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"Thomas","email":"tcronin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeNinno, Lauren H. ldeninno@usgs.gov","contributorId":5312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeNinno","given":"Lauren","email":"ldeninno@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Polyak, L.V.","contributorId":64819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Polyak","given":"L.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Caverly, Emma K. ecaverly@usgs.gov","contributorId":5314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caverly","given":"Emma","email":"ecaverly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Poore, Richard Z. rpoore@usgs.gov","contributorId":147454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"Richard","email":"rpoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brenner, Alec R. abrenner@usgs.gov","contributorId":5315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brenner","given":"Alec","email":"abrenner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rodriguez-Lazaro, J.","contributorId":92002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez-Lazaro","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Marzen, R.E.","contributorId":147455,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marzen","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7173,"text":"Rice University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70155272,"text":"70155272 - 2014 - Indo-Pacific sea surface temperature influences on failed consecutive rainy seasons over eastern Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T11:32:03","indexId":"70155272","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-01T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1248,"text":"Climate Dynamics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Indo-Pacific sea surface temperature influences on failed consecutive rainy seasons over eastern Africa","docAbstract":"<p><span>Rainfall over eastern Africa (10&deg;S&ndash;10&deg;N; 35&deg;E&ndash;50&deg;E) is bimodal, with seasonal maxima during the \"long rains\" of March&ndash;April&ndash;May (MAM) and the \"short rains\" of October&ndash;November&ndash;December (OND). Below average precipitation during consecutive long and short rains seasons over eastern Africa can have devastating long-term impacts on water availability and agriculture. Here, we examine the forcing of drought during consecutive long and short rains seasons over eastern Africa by Indo-Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs). The forcing of eastern Africa precipitation and circulation by SSTs is tested using ten ensemble simulations of a global weather forecast model forced by 1950&ndash;2010 observed global SSTs. Since the 1980s, Indo-Pacific SSTs have forced more frequent droughts spanning consecutive long and short rains seasons over eastern Africa. The increased frequency of dry conditions is linked to warming SSTs over the Indo-west Pacific and to a lesser degree to Pacific Decadal Variability. During MAM, long-term warming of tropical west Pacific SSTs from 1950&ndash;2010 has forced statistically significant precipitation reductions over eastern Africa. The warming west Pacific SSTs have forced changes in the regional lower tropospheric circulation by weakening the Somali Jet, which has reduced moisture and rainfall over the Horn of Africa. During OND, reductions in precipitation over recent decades are oftentimes overshadowed by strong year-to-year precipitation variability forced by the Indian Ocean Dipole and the El Ni&ntilde;o&ndash;Southern Oscillation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"EBSCO Publishing","publisherLocation":"Heidelberg","doi":"10.1007/s00382-013-1991-6","usgsCitation":"Hoell, A., and Funk, C.C., 2014, Indo-Pacific sea surface temperature influences on failed consecutive rainy seasons over eastern Africa: Climate Dynamics, v. 43, no. 5-6, p. 1645-1660, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1991-6.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1645","endPage":"1660","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-048997","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306485,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"5-6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f076e4b0bc0bec09f795","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoell, Andrew","contributorId":145803,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoell","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":16236,"text":"UCSB Climate Hazards Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Funk, Christopher C. 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Christopher","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":565444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70131503,"text":"70131503 - 2014 - Use of isotopic sulfur to determine whitebark pine consumption by Yellowstone bears: a reassessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-13T11:00:33","indexId":"70131503","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-01T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of isotopic sulfur to determine whitebark pine consumption by Yellowstone bears: a reassessment","docAbstract":"<p>Use of naturally occurring stable isotopes to estimate assimilated diet of bears is one of the single greatest breakthroughs in nutritional ecology during the past 20 years. Previous research in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE), USA, established a positive relationship between the stable isotope of sulfur (&delta;<sup>34</sup>S) and consumption of whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) seeds. That work combined a limited sample of hair, blood clots, and serum. Here we use a much larger sample to reassess those findings. We contrasted &delta;<sup>34</sup>S values in spring hair and serum with abundance of seeds of whitebark pine in samples collected from grizzly (Ursus arctos) and American black bears (U. americanus) in the GYE during 2000&ndash;2010. Although we found a positive relationship between &delta;<sup>34</sup>S values in spring hair and pine seed abundance for grizzly bears, the coefficients of determination were small (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup>&thinsp;&le;&thinsp;0.097); we failed to find a similar relationship with black bears. Values of &delta;<sup>34</sup>S in spring hair were larger in black bears and &delta;<sup>34</sup>S values in serum of grizzly bears were lowest in September and October, a time when we expect &delta;<sup>34</sup>S to peak if whitebark pine seeds were the sole source of high &delta;<sup>34</sup>S. The relationship between &delta;<sup>34</sup>S in bear tissue and the consumption of whitebark pine seeds, as originally reported, may not be as clean a method as proposed. Data we present here suggest other foods have high values of &delta;<sup>34</sup>S, and there is spatial heterogeneity affecting the &delta;<sup>34</sup>S values in whitebark pine, which must be addressed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","collaboration":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Schwartz, C.C., Teisberg, J.E., Fortin, J.K., Haroldson, M.A., Servheen, C., Robbins, C.T., and van Manen, F.T., 2014, Use of isotopic sulfur to determine whitebark pine consumption by Yellowstone bears: a reassessment: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 38, no. 3, p. 664-670.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"664","endPage":"670","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051617","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296062,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":296061,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wsb.426/abstract"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","volume":"38","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5465d63fe4b04d4b7dbd66d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwartz, Charles C.","contributorId":124574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5119,"text":"Retired from U.S. Geological Survey, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, 2327 University Way, suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":521351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Teisberg, Justin E.","contributorId":124582,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Teisberg","given":"Justin","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5127,"text":"Washington State University, P.O. Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":521352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fortin, Jennifer K.","contributorId":124583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fortin","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5127,"text":"Washington State University, P.O. Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":521353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haroldson, Mark A. 0000-0002-7457-7676 mharoldson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7457-7676","contributorId":1773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haroldson","given":"Mark","email":"mharoldson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":521350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Servheen, Christopher","contributorId":124584,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Servheen","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5128,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":521354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Robbins, Charles T.","contributorId":124585,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robbins","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5127,"text":"Washington State University, P.O. Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":521355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"van Manen, Frank T. 0000-0001-5340-8489 fvanmanen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5340-8489","contributorId":2267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Manen","given":"Frank","email":"fvanmanen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":521356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70118077,"text":"70118077 - 2014 - Sampling from living organisms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-01T19:51:25.424529","indexId":"70118077","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-01T11:05:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"6.3","title":"Sampling from living organisms","docAbstract":"Living organisms, unlike inanimate surfaces, seem to exert some control over their surface microbiota, in many cases maintaining conserved, species-specific microbial communities. Microbial ecologists seek to characterize and identify these microbes to understand the roles they are playing in the larger organism's biology.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biofouling methods","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","usgsCitation":"Kellogg, C.A., 2014, Sampling from living organisms, chap. 6.3 <i>of</i> Biofouling methods, p. 184-189.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"184","endPage":"189","numberOfPages":"6","ipdsId":"IP-030644","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294786,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542e697fe4b092f17df5aa2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kellogg, Christina A. 0000-0002-6492-9455 ckellogg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6492-9455","contributorId":391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"Christina","email":"ckellogg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70138589,"text":"70138589 - 2014 - The effect of call libraries and acoustic filters on the identification of bat echolocation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-20T10:24:42","indexId":"70138589","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of call libraries and acoustic filters on the identification of bat echolocation","docAbstract":"<p>Quantitative methods for species identification are commonly used in acoustic surveys for animals. While various identification models have been studied extensively, there has been little study of methods for selecting calls prior to modeling or methods for validating results after modeling. We obtained two call libraries with a combined 1556 pulse sequences from 11 North American bat species. We used four acoustic filters to automatically select and quantify bat calls from the combined library. For each filter, we trained a species identification model (a quadratic discriminant function analysis) and compared the classification ability of the models. In a separate analysis, we trained a classification model using just one call library. We then compared a conventional model assessment that used the training library against an alternative approach that used the second library. We found that filters differed in the share of known pulse sequences that were selected (68 to 96%), the share of non-bat noises that were excluded (37 to 100%), their measurement of various pulse parameters, and their overall correct classification rate (41% to 85%). Although the top two filters did not differ significantly in overall correct classification rate (85% and 83%), rates differed significantly for some bat species. In our assessment of call libraries, overall correct classification rates were significantly lower (15% to 23% lower) when tested on the second call library instead of the training library. Well-designed filters obviated the need for subjective and time-consuming manual selection of pulses. Accordingly, researchers should carefully design and test filters and include adequate descriptions in publications. Our results also indicate that it may not be possible to extend inferences about model accuracy beyond the training library. If so, the accuracy of acoustic-only surveys may be lower than commonly reported, which could affect ecological understanding or management decisions based on acoustic surveys.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Pub. Ltd.","publisherLocation":"Oxford, England","doi":"10.1002/ece3.1201","usgsCitation":"Clement, M., Murray, K.L., Solick, D.I., and Gruver, J.C., 2014, The effect of call libraries and acoustic filters on the identification of bat echolocation: Ecology and Evolution, v. 4, no. 17, p. 3482-3493, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1201.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"3482","endPage":"3493","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057879","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472787,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1201","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297382,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297381,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.1201/full"}],"volume":"4","issue":"17","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c6be4b08de9379b37cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clement, Matthew mclement@usgs.gov","contributorId":138815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clement","given":"Matthew","email":"mclement@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murray, Kevin L","contributorId":138816,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murray","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"L","affiliations":[{"id":6660,"text":"Western EcoSystems Technology, Inc","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Solick, Donald I","contributorId":138817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Solick","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"I","affiliations":[{"id":6660,"text":"Western EcoSystems Technology, Inc","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gruver, Jeffrey C","contributorId":138818,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gruver","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"C","affiliations":[{"id":6660,"text":"Western EcoSystems Technology, Inc","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70132321,"text":"70132321 - 2014 - Combining demographic and genetic factors to assess population vulnerability in stream species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-28T12:29:46.865868","indexId":"70132321","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-01T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combining demographic and genetic factors to assess population vulnerability in stream species","docAbstract":"<p><span>Accelerating climate change and other cumulative stressors create an urgent need to understand the influence of environmental variation and landscape features on the connectivity and vulnerability of freshwater species. Here, we introduce a novel modeling framework for aquatic systems that integrates spatially explicit, individual‐based, demographic and genetic (demogenetic) assessments with environmental variables. To show its potential utility, we simulated a hypothetical network of 19 migratory riverine populations (e.g., salmonids) using a riverscape connectivity and demogenetic model (CDFISH). We assessed how stream resistance to movement (a function of water temperature, fluvial distance, and physical barriers) might influence demogenetic connectivity, and hence, population vulnerability. We present demographic metrics (abundance, immigration, and change in abundance) and genetic metrics (diversity, differentiation, and change in differentiation), and combine them into a single vulnerability index for identifying populations at risk of extirpation. We considered four realistic scenarios that illustrate the relative sensitivity of these metrics for early detection of reduced connectivity: (1) maximum resistance due to high water temperatures throughout the network, (2) minimum resistance due to low water temperatures throughout the network, (3) increased resistance at a tributary junction caused by a partial barrier, and (4) complete isolation of a tributary, leaving resident individuals only. We then applied this demogenetic framework using empirical data for a bull trout (</span><i>Salvelinus confluentus</i><span>) metapopulation in the upper Flathead River system, Canada and USA, to assess how current and predicted future stream warming may influence population vulnerability. Results suggest that warmer water temperatures and associated barriers to movement (e.g., low flows, dewatering) are predicted to fragment suitable habitat for migratory salmonids, resulting in the loss of genetic diversity and reduced numbers in certain vulnerable populations. This demogenetic simulation framework, which is illustrated in a web‐based interactive mapping prototype, should be useful for evaluating population vulnerability in a wide variety of dendritic and fragmented riverscapes, helping to guide conservation and management efforts for freshwater species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/13-0499.1","usgsCitation":"Landguth, E., Muhlfeld, C.C., Jones, L.W., Waples, R.S., Whited, D., Lowe, W.H., Lucotch, J., Neville, H., and Luikart, G., 2014, Combining demographic and genetic factors to assess population vulnerability in stream species: Ecological Applications, v. 24, no. 6, p. 1505-1524, https://doi.org/10.1890/13-0499.1.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1505","endPage":"1524","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044696","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296045,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Flathead River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.1314697265625,\n              47.645036570200226\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.44482421875,\n              48.011975126709956\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.7139892578125,\n              48.47838371535879\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.9996337890625,\n              48.705462895790546\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.41162109375,\n              49.03966846228119\n            ],\n            [\n             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L.","contributorId":126719,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Landguth","given":"Erin L.","affiliations":[{"id":6577,"text":"University of Montana, Division of Biological Sciences, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":522727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muhlfeld, Clint C. 0000-0002-4599-4059 cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4599-4059","contributorId":924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhlfeld","given":"Clint","email":"cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":522724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Leslie W. ljones@usgs.gov","contributorId":3029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Leslie","email":"ljones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5072,"text":"Office of Communication and Publishing","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":522725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waples, Robin S.","contributorId":126721,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Waples","given":"Robin","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6578,"text":"National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, WA 98112, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":522729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Whited, Diane","contributorId":126718,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whited","given":"Diane","affiliations":[{"id":6576,"text":"Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, MT 59860, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":522726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lowe, Winsor H.","contributorId":126722,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lowe","given":"Winsor","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":6577,"text":"University of Montana, Division of Biological Sciences, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":522730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lucotch, John","contributorId":126720,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lucotch","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6577,"text":"University of Montana, Division of Biological Sciences, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":522728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Neville, Helen","contributorId":126723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neville","given":"Helen","affiliations":[{"id":6579,"text":"Trout Unlimited, Boise, ID, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":522731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Luikart, Gordon","contributorId":124531,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luikart","given":"Gordon","affiliations":[{"id":5091,"text":"Flathead Lake Biological Station, Fish and Wildlife Genomics Group, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Polson, MT 59860, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":522732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70146655,"text":"70146655 - 2014 - A ternary age-mixing model to explain contaminant occurrence in a deep supply well","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-04T08:49:01","indexId":"70146655","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-01T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A ternary age-mixing model to explain contaminant occurrence in a deep supply well","docAbstract":"<p>The age distribution of water from a public-supply well in a deep alluvial aquifer was estimated and used to help explain arsenic variability in the water. The age distribution was computed using a ternary mixing model that combines three lumped parameter models of advection-dispersion transport of environmental tracers, which represent relatively recent recharge (post- 1950s) containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs), old intermediate depth groundwater (about 6500 years) that was free of drinking-water contaminants, and very old, deep groundwater (more than 21,000 years) containing arsenic above the USEPA maximum contaminant level of 10 µg/L. The ternary mixing model was calibrated to tritium, chloroflorocarbon-113, and carbon-14 (<sup>14</sup>C) concentrations that were measured in water samples collected on multiple occasions. Variability in atmospheric <sup>14</sup>C over the past 50,000 years was accounted for in the interpretation of <sup>14</sup>C as a tracer. Calibrated ternary models indicate the fraction of deep, very old groundwater entering the well varies substantially throughout the year and was highest following long periods of nonoperation or infrequent operation, which occurred during the winter season when water demand was low. The fraction of young water entering the well was about 11% during the summer when pumping peaked to meet water demand and about 3% to 6% during the winter months. This paper demonstrates how collection of multiple tracers can be used in combination with simplified models of fluid flow to estimate the age distribution and thus fraction of contaminated groundwater reaching a supply well under different pumping conditions.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Ground Water Association","publisherLocation":"Malden, MA","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12170","usgsCitation":"Jurgens, B.C., Bexfield, L.M., and Eberts, S.M., 2014, A ternary age-mixing model to explain contaminant occurrence in a deep supply well: Groundwater, v. 52, no. S1, p. 25-39, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12170.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"39","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053056","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472788,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12170","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":299767,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"S1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55362330e4b0b22a15807a7b","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/gwat.12170","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12170","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Jurgens Bryant C., Bexfield Laura M., Eberts Sandra M.","journalName":"Groundwater","publicationDate":"3/5/2014","auditedOn":"3/17/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jurgens, Bryant C. 0000-0002-1572-113X bjurgens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1572-113X","contributorId":127842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jurgens","given":"Bryant","email":"bjurgens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bexfield, Laura M. 0000-0002-1789-654X bexfield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1789-654X","contributorId":1273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bexfield","given":"Laura","email":"bexfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eberts, Sandra M. 0000-0001-5138-8293 smeberts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5138-8293","contributorId":127844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberts","given":"Sandra","email":"smeberts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70126406,"text":"70126406 - 2014 - Temporal changes in taxonomic and functional diversity of fish assemblages downstream from mountaintop mining","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-23T10:02:53","indexId":"70126406","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-01T09:39:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1699,"text":"Freshwater Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal changes in taxonomic and functional diversity of fish assemblages downstream from mountaintop mining","docAbstract":"Mountaintop mining (MTM) affects chemical, physical, and hydrological properties of receiving streams, but the long-term consequences for fish-assemblage structure and function are poorly understood. We sampled stream fish assemblages using electrofishing techniques in MTM exposure sites and reference sites within the Guyandotte River basin, USA, during 2010–2011. We calculated indices of taxonomic diversity (species richness, abundance, Shannon diversity) and functional diversity (functional richness, functional evenness, functional divergence) to compare exposure and reference assemblages between seasons (spring and autumn) and across years (1999–2011). We based temporal comparisons on 2 sites that were sampled during 1999–2001 by Stauffer and Ferreri (2002). Exposure assemblages had lower taxonomic and functional diversity than reference assemblages or simulated assemblages that accounted for random variation. Differences in taxonomic composition between reference and exposure assemblages were associated with conductivity and aqueous Se concentrations. Exposure assemblages had fewer species, lower abundances, and less biomass than reference assemblages across years and seasons. Green Sunfish (<i>Lepomis cyanellus</i>) and Creek Chub (<i>Semotilus atromaculatus</i>) became numerically dominant in exposure assemblages over time because of their persistence and losses of other taxa. In contrast, species richness increased over time in reference assemblages, a result that may indicate recovery from drought. Mean individual biomass increased as fish density decreased and most obligate invertivores were apparently extirpated at MTM exposure sites. Effects of MTM were not related to physical-habitat conditions but were associated with water-quality variables, which may limit quality and availability of benthic macroinvertebrate prey. Simulations revealed effects of MTM that could not be attributed to random variation in fish assemblage structure.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Society for Freshwater Science","doi":"10.1086/676997","usgsCitation":"Hitt, N.P., and Chambers, D., 2014, Temporal changes in taxonomic and functional diversity of fish assemblages downstream from mountaintop mining: Freshwater Science, v. 33, no. 3, p. 915-926, https://doi.org/10.1086/676997.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"915","endPage":"926","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-049606","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472789,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1086/676997","text":"External Repository"},{"id":294294,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294293,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/676997"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Guyandotte River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.217,37.7747 ], [ -82.217,38.3293 ], [ -81.5497,38.3293 ], [ -81.5497,37.7747 ], [ -82.217,37.7747 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"33","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422bb33e4b08312ac7cf0e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hitt, Nathaniel P. 0000-0002-1046-4568 nhitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1046-4568","contributorId":4435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hitt","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nhitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chambers, Douglas B. 0000-0002-5275-5427 dbchambe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5275-5427","contributorId":2520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chambers","given":"Douglas B.","email":"dbchambe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70126219,"text":"70126219 - 2014 - Tidal and seasonal effects on survival rates of the endangered California clapper rail: Does invasive Spartina facilitate greater survival in a dynamic environment?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T11:22:24","indexId":"70126219","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-01T09:17:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Tidal and seasonal effects on survival rates of the endangered California clapper rail: Does invasive <i>Spartina</i> facilitate greater survival in a dynamic environment?","title":"Tidal and seasonal effects on survival rates of the endangered California clapper rail: Does invasive Spartina facilitate greater survival in a dynamic environment?","docAbstract":"Invasive species frequently degrade habitats, disturb ecosystem processes, and can increase the likelihood of extinction of imperiled populations. However, novel or enhanced functions provided by invading species may reduce the impact of processes that limit populations. It is important to recognize how invasive species benefit endangered species to determine overall effects on sensitive ecosystems. For example, since the 1990s, hybrid <i>Spartina</i> (<i>Spartina foliosa × alterniflora</i>) has expanded throughout South San Francisco Bay, USA, supplanting native vegetation and invading mudflats. The endangered California clapper rail (<i>Rallus longirostris obsoletus</i>) uses the tall, dense hybrid <i>Spartina</i> for cover and nesting, but the effects of hybrid <i>Spartina</i> on clapper rail survival was unknown. We estimated survival rates of 108 radio-marked California clapper rails in South San Francisco Bay from January 2007 to March 2010, a period of extensive hybrid <i>Spartina</i> eradication, with Kaplan–Meier product limit estimators. Clapper rail survival patterns were consistent with hybrid <i>Spartina</i> providing increased refuge cover from predators during tidal extremes which flood native vegetation, particularly during the winter when the vegetation senesces. Model averaged annual survival rates within hybrid <i>Spartina</i> dominated marshes before eradication (Ŝ = 0.466) were greater than the same marshes posttreatment (Ŝ = 0.275) and a marsh dominated by native vegetation (Ŝ = 0.272). However, models with and without marsh treatment as explanatory factor for survival rates had nearly equivalent support in the observed data, lending ambiguity as to whether hybrid <i>Spartina</i> facilitated greater survival rates than native marshland. Conservation actions to aid in recovery of this endangered species should recognize the importance of available of high tide refugia, particularly in light of invasive species eradication programs and projections of future sea-level rise.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10530-013-0634-5","usgsCitation":"Overton, C.T., Casazza, M.L., Takekawa, J.Y., Strong, D.R., and Holyoak, M., 2014, Tidal and seasonal effects on survival rates of the endangered California clapper rail: Does invasive Spartina facilitate greater survival in a dynamic environment?: Biological Invasions, v. 16, no. 9, p. 1897-1914, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-013-0634-5.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1897","endPage":"1914","ipdsId":"IP-034687","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472790,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/1w5589nv","text":"External Repository"},{"id":294285,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Arrowhead Marsh, Cogswell Marsh, Colma Creek, Laumeister Marsh, San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.414343,37.426651 ], [ -122.414343,37.754344 ], [ -121.988832,37.754344 ], [ -121.988832,37.426651 ], [ -122.414343,37.426651 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"16","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422bb38e4b08312ac7cf10b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Overton, Cory T. 0000-0002-5060-7447 coverton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-7447","contributorId":3262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Overton","given":"Cory","email":"coverton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":501951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Strong, Donald R.","contributorId":73882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strong","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holyoak, Marcel","contributorId":15076,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holyoak","given":"Marcel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7082,"text":"University of California - Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":501954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70123779,"text":"70123779 - 2014 - In situ and laboratory toxicity of coalbed natural gas produced waters with elevated sodium bicarbonate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T16:36:21","indexId":"70123779","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-01T09:00:37","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In situ and laboratory toxicity of coalbed natural gas produced waters with elevated sodium bicarbonate","docAbstract":"<p>Some tributaries in the Powder River Structural Basin, USA, were historically ephemeral, but now contain water year round as a result of discharge of coalbed natural gas (CBNG)-produced waters. This presented the opportunity to study field sites with 100% effluent water with elevated concentrations of sodium bicarbonate. In situ experiments, static renewal experiments performed simultaneously with in situ experiments, and static renewal experiments performed with site water in the laboratory demonstrated that CBNG-produced water reduces survival of fathead minnow (<i>Pimephales promelas</i>) and pallid sturgeon (<i>Scaphirhynchus albus</i>). Age affected survival of fathead minnow, where fish 2 d posthatch (dph) were more sensitive than 6 dph fish, but pallid sturgeon survival was adversely affected at both 4 and 6 dph. This may have implications for acute assays that allow for the use of fish up to 14 dph. The survival of early lifestage fish is reduced significantly in the field when concentrations of NaHCO<sub>3</sub> rise to more than 1500 mg/L (also expressed as &gt;1245 mg HCO<sub>3</sub> (-) /L). Treatment with the Higgin's Loop technology and dilution of untreated water increased survival in the laboratory. The mixing zones of the 3 outfalls studied ranged from approximately 800 m to 1200 m below the confluence. These experiments addressed the acute toxicity of effluent waters but did not address issues related to the volumes of water that may be added to the watershed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.2658","usgsCitation":"Farag, A.M., Harper, D., and Skaar, D., 2014, In situ and laboratory toxicity of coalbed natural gas produced waters with elevated sodium bicarbonate: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 33, no. 9, p. 2086-2093, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2658.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2086","endPage":"2093","ipdsId":"IP-045353","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293484,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54101464e4b07ab1cd9809cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farag, Aida M. 0000-0003-4247-6763 aida_farag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-6763","contributorId":1139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farag","given":"Aida","email":"aida_farag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harper, David D.","contributorId":102946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harper","given":"David D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Skaar, Don","contributorId":9171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skaar","given":"Don","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70206601,"text":"70206601 - 2014 - Revised Wonoka isotopic anomaly in South Australia and Late Ediacaran mass extinction ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-13T08:52:38","indexId":"70206601","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-01T08:40:58","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2545,"text":"Journal of the Geological Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Revised Wonoka isotopic anomaly in South Australia and Late Ediacaran mass extinction ","docAbstract":"<p>The global Late Ediacaran Shuram–Wonoka carbon isotope anomaly has been regarded as the largest and longest known isotopic anomaly in the ocean, assuming that all Ediacaran carbonate is marine. Disregarding carbonate in South Australia shown here to be palaeosol or palaeokarst, the synchronous marine organic–carbonate excursion is only −8‰ for δ<sup>13</sup>C organic and −6‰ for δ<sup>13</sup>C carbonate, and lasted less than a million years. This revised magnitude and duration is comparable with perturbations across the Permian–Triassic boundary, and correlative with a global Late Ediacaran acritarch mass extinction. Like Permian–Triassic isotopic excursions, the revised organic–carbonate Wonoka excursion may also have been a greenhouse palaeoclimatic warm spike, which terminated valley incision and glacioeustatic drawdown during the mid-Ediacaran Fauquier Glaciation, and preceded chill of the Late Ediacaran Billy Springs Glaciation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1144/jgs2014-016","usgsCitation":"Retallack, G.J., Marconato, A., Osterhout, J.T., Watts, K.E., and Bindeman, I.N., 2014, Revised Wonoka isotopic anomaly in South Australia and Late Ediacaran mass extinction : Journal of the Geological Society, v. 171, no. 5, p. 709-722, https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2014-016.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"709","endPage":"722","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"text":"External Repository"},{"id":369159,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Australia","otherGeospatial":"Flinders Ranges","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              136.845703125,\n              -32.69486597787506\n            ],\n            [\n              139.130859375,\n              -32.69486597787506\n            ],\n            [\n              139.130859375,\n              -29.84064389983441\n            ],\n            [\n              136.845703125,\n              -29.84064389983441\n            ],\n            [\n              136.845703125,\n              -32.69486597787506\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"171","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Retallack, Gregory J.","contributorId":220517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Retallack","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13025,"text":"Department of Geological Sciences, University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marconato, Andre","contributorId":220518,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marconato","given":"Andre","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Osterhout, Jeffery T.","contributorId":220519,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osterhout","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":13025,"text":"Department of Geological Sciences, University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Watts, Kathryn E. 0000-0002-6110-7499 kwatts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6110-7499","contributorId":5081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"Kathryn","email":"kwatts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bindeman, Ilya N.","contributorId":175500,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bindeman","given":"Ilya","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":6604,"text":"University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70225542,"text":"70225542 - 2014 - Succession of Laramide magmatic and magmatic-hydrothermal events in the Patagonia Mountains, Santa Cruz County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-21T13:36:27.411783","indexId":"70225542","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-01T08:30:12","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Succession of Laramide magmatic and magmatic-hydrothermal events in the Patagonia Mountains, Santa Cruz County, Arizona","docAbstract":"<p>This investigation of the space-time progression of magmatism and hydrothermal activity in the Patagonia Mountains of southern Arizona is based on field and paragenetic relationships, and on U-Pb and<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar geochronology of igneous and hydrothermal minerals. The Patagonia Mountains consist of Precambrian, Paleozoic, and Mesozoic sedimentary, granitic, and volcanic rocks, Laramide volcanic rocks, and a core of Laramide intrusions that comprise the Patagonia Mountains batholith. Laramide igneous rocks and adjacent Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks contain significant porphyry Cu-Mo deposits, Mo-Cu breccia pipes, Ag replacement deposits, and numerous other Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag replacement and vein deposits. Ages of igneous and hydrothermal minerals from 20 U-Pb and 52<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar determinations define four magmatic and magmatic-hydrothermal events that formed the batholith and altered parts of it and adjacent rocks; cumulatively the events span at least 16 m.y., from ~74 to 58 Ma. The oldest event of this succession includes the 74 Ma Washington Camp stock and spatially associated Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag replacement deposits in Paleozoic carbonate rocks of the Washington Camp-Duquesne district. Eruption of 73 to 68 Ma volcanic rocks in the northern part of the range was the next youngest event, which coincides temporally with replacement and vein deposits in Paleozoic carbonate rocks at the Flux mine (~71 Ma). An event at 65 to 62 Ma is marked by emplacement of small-volume quartz monzonite, granodiorite, and diorite intrusions, formation of the Ventura breccia deposit in Jurassic granite at 65 to 64 Ma, and formation of other Pb-Zn-Ag-Cu replacement and vein deposits (~62 Ma; Blue Nose and Morning Glory). The Red Mountain porphyry Cu-Mo system is hosted by ~62 Ma granodiorite and Laramide volcanic rocks (73–68 Ma) at the northern end of the batholith. It includes a deep, chalcopyrite-bornite resource (~60 Ma) that is associated with potassic and sericitic alteration and a near-surface chalcocite-enargite resource (60 Ma) that is associated with advanced, supergene-enriched argillic alteration.</p><p>The youngest event includes the Sunnyside porphyry Cu-Mo system and a Cu-Mo breccia deposit at Red Hill (Four Metals mine), both of which formed in large-volume quartz monzonite, granodiorite, quartz monzonite porphyry, and quartz feldspar porphyry (~61–59 Ma). Similar to the Red Mountain system, the Sunnyside system consists of a deep chalcopyrite resource that occurs in ~60 to 59 Ma quartz feldspar porphyry, and a near-surface, slightly younger (~59–58 Ma) enargite-chalcocite-tennantite resource that occurs in quartz feldspar porphyry, quartz monzonite porphyry, and Mesozoic rocks. The Red Hill Cu-Mo breccia deposit is hosted by large-volume quartz monzonite, granodiorite, and quartz monzonite porphyry (~61–59 Ma). Discrepancies between field and paragenetic relationships and some analytic ages at Sunnyside and Red Hill preclude precise dating of mineralization stages, and may reflect disturbance of isotope systems by multiple, co-spatial to juxtaposed intrusive and hydrothermal events, and/or by unrecognized intrusions. Numerous vein and replacement deposits at the northern end of the batholith, including the Hardshell Ag resource and the Three R supergene chalcocite resource, are distal deposits of the Sunnyside and Red Mountain systems. Small, ~61 to 59 Ma Cu-Mo deposits in large-volume intrusions in the southern part of the batholith consist of hydrothermal quartz, biotite, K-feldspar, muscovite, chalcopyrite, and molybdenite.</p><p>The age span of magmatic and magmatic-hydrothermal events in the Patagonia Mountains, minimally 16 m.y., is comparable to that of certain other magmatic-hydrothermal successions that contain porphyry Cu-Mo systems. Magmatic-hydrothermal events of the Wasatch-Oquirrh igneous trend, Utah, and the Boulder batholith, Montana, both span ~17 m.y. and include the Bingham and Butte porphyry Cu-Mo, vein and replacement deposits, respectively. Plutons and mineral deposits in the Pima district, Arizona, which includes the porphyry Cu-Mo deposits at Sierrita-Esperanza, Mission-Pima-San Xavier North, and Twin Buttes, formed over an interval of ~14 m.y. The diversity of igneous and hydrothermal products likely reflects evolutionary processes occurring at multiple sites in the lithosphere and at different time scales from &gt;10 m.y. to less than the geochronologic precision currently achievable.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.109.6.1667","usgsCitation":"Vikre, P., Graybeal, F., Fleck, R., Barton, M.D., and Seedorff, E., 2014, Succession of Laramide magmatic and magmatic-hydrothermal events in the Patagonia Mountains, Santa Cruz County, Arizona: Economic Geology, v. 109, no. 6, p. 1667-1704, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.109.6.1667.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"1667","endPage":"1704","ipdsId":"IP-050075","costCenters":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":390723,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Santa Cruz County","otherGeospatial":"Patagonia Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.82252502441406,\n              31.33604401284106\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.64468383789062,\n              31.33604401284106\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.64468383789062,\n              31.532896662756986\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.82252502441406,\n              31.532896662756986\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.82252502441406,\n              31.33604401284106\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"109","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vikre, Peter 0000-0001-7895-5972 pvikre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7895-5972","contributorId":267885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vikre","given":"Peter","email":"pvikre@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":825517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graybeal, Frederick T.","contributorId":267886,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Graybeal","given":"Frederick T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fleck, Robert J.","contributorId":267887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"Robert J.","affiliations":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":825519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barton, Mark D.","contributorId":267888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barton","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Seedorff, Eric","contributorId":267889,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seedorff","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70132324,"text":"70132324 - 2014 - Partitioning the non‑consumptive effects of predators on preywith complex life histories","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-31T19:58:30.229705","indexId":"70132324","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Partitioning the non‑consumptive effects of predators on preywith complex life histories","docAbstract":"<p><span>Non-consumptive effects (NCEs) of predators on prey can be as strong as consumptive effects (CEs) and may be driven by numerous mechanisms, including predator characteristics. Previous work has highlighted the importance of predator characteristics in predicting NCEs, but has not addressed how complex life histories of prey could mediate predator NCEs. We conducted a meta-analysis to compare the effects of predator gape limitation (gape limited or not) and hunting mode (active or sit-and-pursue) on the activity, larval period, and size at metamorphosis of larval aquatic amphibians and invertebrates. Larval prey tended to reduce their activity and require more time to reach metamorphosis in the presence of all predator functional groups, but the responses did not differ from zero. Prey metamorphosed at smaller size in response to non-gape-limited, active predators, but counter to expectations, prey metamorphosed larger when confronted by non-gape-limited, sit-and-pursue predators. These results indicate NCEs on larval prey life history can be strongly influenced by predator functional characteristics. More broadly, our results suggest that understanding predator NCEs would benefit from greater consideration of how prey life history attributes mediate population and community-level outcomes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00442-014-2996-5","usgsCitation":"Davenport, J., Hossack, B.R., and Lowe, W.H., 2014, Partitioning the non‑consumptive effects of predators on preywith complex life histories: Oecologia, v. 176, no. 1, p. 149-155, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-014-2996-5.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"155","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051612","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295942,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"176","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"545ded2de4b0ba8303f92b93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davenport, Jon M.","contributorId":126727,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davenport","given":"Jon M.","affiliations":[{"id":6583,"text":"University of Montana, Division of Biological Sciences, Missoula, MT, USA 59812","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":522748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hossack, Blake R. 0000-0001-7456-9564 blake_hossack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7456-9564","contributorId":1177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossack","given":"Blake","email":"blake_hossack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":522747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lowe, Winsor H.","contributorId":126722,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lowe","given":"Winsor","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":6577,"text":"University of Montana, Division of Biological Sciences, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":522749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70135338,"text":"70135338 - 2014 - Variation in the terrestrial isotopic composition and atomic weight of argon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-12T11:14:14","indexId":"70135338","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3207,"text":"Pure and Applied Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation in the terrestrial isotopic composition and atomic weight of argon","docAbstract":"<p><span>The isotopic composition and atomic weight of argon (Ar) are variable in terrestrial materials. Those variations are a source of uncertainty in the assignment of standard properties for Ar, but they provide useful information in many areas of science. Variations in the stable isotopic composition and atomic weight of Ar are caused by several different processes, including (1) isotope production from other elements by radioactive decay (radiogenic isotopes) or other nuclear transformations (e.g., nucleogenic isotopes), and (2) isotopic fractionation by physical-chemical processes such as diffusion or phase equilibria. Physical-chemical processes cause correlated mass-dependent variations in the Ar isotope-amount ratios (</span><sup><span>40</span></sup><span>Ar/</span><sup><span>36</span></sup><span>Ar,&nbsp;</span><sup><span>38</span></sup><span>Ar/</span><sup><span>36</span></sup><span>Ar), whereas nuclear transformation processes cause non-mass-dependent variations. While atmospheric Ar can serve as an abundant and homogeneous isotopic reference, deviations from the atmospheric isotopic ratios in other Ar occurrences limit the precision with which a standard atomic weight can be given for Ar. Published data indicate variation of Ar atomic weights in normal terrestrial materials between about 39.7931 and 39.9624. The upper bound of this interval is given by the atomic mass of&nbsp;</span><sup><span>40</span></sup><span>Ar, as some samples contain almost pure radiogenic&nbsp;</span><sup><span>40</span></sup><span>Ar. The lower bound is derived from analyses of pitchblende (uranium mineral) containing large amounts of nucleogenic&nbsp;</span><sup><span>36</span></sup><span>Ar and&nbsp;</span><sup><span>38</span></sup><span>Ar. Within this interval, measurements of different isotope ratios (</span><sup><span>40</span></sup><span>Ar/</span><sup><span>36</span></sup><span>Ar or&nbsp;</span><sup><span>38</span></sup><span>Ar/</span><sup><span>36</span></sup><span>Ar) at various levels of precision are widely used for studies in geochronology, water&ndash;rock interaction, atmospheric evolution, and other fields.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry","doi":"10.1515/pac-2013-0918","usgsCitation":"Böhlke, J., 2014, Variation in the terrestrial isotopic composition and atomic weight of argon: Pure and Applied Chemistry, v. 86, no. 9, p. 1421-1432, https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2013-0918.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1421","endPage":"1432","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055456","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472798,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2013-0918","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296642,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"548c1fd9e4b0ca8c43c3697e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Böhlke, John Karl 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":1285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"John Karl","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":527075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70133250,"text":"70133250 - 2014 - List of recent land mammals from Mexico, 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-16T09:16:57","indexId":"70133250","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"subseriesTitle":"Museum of Texas Tech University Special Publications","title":"List of recent land mammals from Mexico, 2014","docAbstract":"<p>We provide an updated list of the Recent land mammals of Mexico and include information on the taxonomy of certain species, and where appropriate, the endemic and threatened status of all species listed. Several taxonomic and nomenclatural changes have been made since publication of the last list of the Mexican terrestrial mammalian fauna. Within the period from 2005 to present, there have been at least 209 changes concerning the nomenclature of this fauna; these we evaluated in this paper. The land mammals of Mexico comprise 168 genera, 496 species, and 881 subspecies.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Texas Tech University Natural Science Research Laboratory","usgsCitation":"Ramirez-Pulido, J., Gonzalez-Ruiz, N., Gardner, A., and Arroyo-Cabrales, J., 2014, List of recent land mammals from Mexico, 2014, v. 63, 69 p.","productDescription":"69 p.","numberOfPages":"76","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056565","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311333,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564b0c4ee4b0ebfbef0d315f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramirez-Pulido, Jose","contributorId":127388,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ramirez-Pulido","given":"Jose","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6933,"text":"Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":524980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gonzalez-Ruiz, Noe","contributorId":127389,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gonzalez-Ruiz","given":"Noe","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6933,"text":"Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":524981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gardner, Alfred L. 0000-0002-4945-1641 agardner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4945-1641","contributorId":412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"Alfred L.","email":"agardner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":524979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arroyo-Cabrales, Joaquin","contributorId":99248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arroyo-Cabrales","given":"Joaquin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":524982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70162586,"text":"70162586 - 2014 - Heterogeneous occupancy and density estimates of the pathogenic fungus <i>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</i> in waters of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T15:01:40","indexId":"70162586","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heterogeneous occupancy and density estimates of the pathogenic fungus <i>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</i> in waters of North America","docAbstract":"<p><span>Biodiversity losses are occurring worldwide due to a combination of stressors. For example, by one estimate, 40% of amphibian species are vulnerable to extinction, and disease is one threat to amphibian populations. The emerging infectious disease chytridiomycosis, caused by the aquatic fungus&nbsp;</span><i>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>(</span><i>Bd</i><span>), is a contributor to amphibian declines worldwide.<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Bd</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>research has focused on the dynamics of the pathogen in its amphibian hosts, with little emphasis on investigating the dynamics of free-living<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Bd</i><span>. Therefore, we investigated patterns of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Bd</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>occupancy and density in amphibian habitats using occupancy models, powerful tools for estimating site occupancy and detection probability. Occupancy models have been used to investigate diseases where the focus was on pathogen occurrence in the host. We applied occupancy models to investigate free-living<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Bd</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>in North American surface waters to determine<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Bd</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>seasonality, relationships between<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Bd</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>site occupancy and habitat attributes, and probability of detection from water samples as a function of the number of samples, sample volume, and water quality. We also report on the temporal patterns of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Bd</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>density from a 4-year case study of a<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Bd</i><span>-positive wetland. We provide evidence that<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Bd</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>occurs in the environment year-round.<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Bd</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>exhibited temporal and spatial heterogeneity in density, but did not exhibit seasonality in occupancy.<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Bd</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>was detected in all months, typically at less than 100 zoospores L</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. The highest density observed was ∼3 million zoospores L</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. We detected<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Bd</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>in 47% of sites sampled, but estimated that<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Bd</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>occupied 61% of sites, highlighting the importance of accounting for imperfect detection. When<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Bd</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>was present, there was a 95% chance of detecting it with four samples of 600 ml of water or five samples of 60 mL. Our findings provide important baseline information to advance the study of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Bd</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>disease ecology, and advance our understanding of amphibian exposure to free-living<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Bd</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>in aquatic habitats over time.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0106790","usgsCitation":"Chestnut, T.E., Anderson, C.W., Popa, R., Blaustein, A.R., Voytek, M., Olson, D.H., and Kirshtein, J., 2014, Heterogeneous occupancy and density estimates of the pathogenic fungus <i>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</i> in waters of North America: PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 9, e106790: 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106790.","productDescription":"e106790: 11 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053595","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open 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chestnut@usgs.gov","contributorId":3921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chestnut","given":"Tara","email":"chestnut@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Chauncey W. 0000-0002-1016-3781 chauncey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1016-3781","contributorId":140160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Chauncey","email":"chauncey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Popa, Radu","contributorId":152601,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Popa","given":"Radu","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18942,"text":"Univ Southern California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blaustein, Andrew R.","contributorId":44276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blaustein","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Voytek, Mary","contributorId":13117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voytek","given":"Mary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Olson, Deanna H.","contributorId":114032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Deanna","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kirshtein, Julie","contributorId":104371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirshtein","given":"Julie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70136068,"text":"70136068 - 2014 - If groundwater is contaminated, will water from the well be contaminated?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-22T14:52:02","indexId":"70136068","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"If groundwater is contaminated, will water from the well be contaminated?","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12260","usgsCitation":"Eberts, S.M., 2014, If groundwater is contaminated, will water from the well be contaminated?: Groundwater, v. 52, no. S1, p. 3-7, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12260.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"7","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054948","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472797,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12260","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296851,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"S1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2bcee4b08de9379b34e8","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/gwat.12260","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12260","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Eberts Sandra M.","journalName":"Groundwater","publicationDate":"8/19/2014","auditedOn":"3/17/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eberts, Sandra M. 0000-0001-5138-8293 smeberts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5138-8293","contributorId":127844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberts","given":"Sandra","email":"smeberts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70189093,"text":"70189093 - 2014 - Structure and tectonics of the northwestern United States from EarthScope USArray magnetotelluric data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-29T15:06:51","indexId":"70189093","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structure and tectonics of the northwestern United States from EarthScope USArray magnetotelluric data","docAbstract":"<p><span>The magnetotelluric component of the EarthScope USArray program has covered over 35% of the continental United States. Resistivity tomography models derived from these data image lithospheric structure and provide constraints on the distribution of fluids and melt within the lithosphere. We present a three-dimensional resistivity model of the northwestern United States which provides new insight into the tectonic assembly of western North America from the Archean to present. Comparison with seismic tomography models reveals regions of correlated and anti-correlated resistivity and velocity that help identify thermal and compositional variations within the lithosphere. Recent (Neogene) tectonic features reflected in the model include the subducting Juan de Fuca–Gorda plate which can be traced beneath the forearc to more than 100 km depth, high lithospheric conductivity along the Snake River Plain, and pronounced lower-crustal and upper-mantle conductivity beneath the Basin and Range. The latter is abruptly terminated to the northwest by the Klamath–Blue Mountains Lineament, which we interpret as an important structure during and since the Mesozoic assembly of the region. This boundary is interpreted to separate hot extended lithosphere from colder, less extended lithosphere. The western edge of Proterozoic North America, as indicated by the Cretaceous initial&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup><span>Sr/</span><sup>86</sup><span>Sr = 0.706 contour, is clearly reflected in the resistivity model. We further image an Archean crustal block (“Pend Oreille block”) straddling the Washington/Idaho border, which we speculate separated from the Archean Medicine Hat block in the Proterozoic. Finally, in the modern Cascades forearc, the geometry and internal structure of the Eocene Siletz terrane is reflected in the resistivity model. The apparent eastern edge of the Siletz terrane under the Cascades arc suggests that pre-Tertiary rocks fill the Washington and Oregon back-arc.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2013.07.035","usgsCitation":"Bedrosian, P.A., and Feucht, D.W., 2014, Structure and tectonics of the northwestern United States from EarthScope USArray magnetotelluric data: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 402, p. 275-289, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.07.035.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"275","endPage":"289","ipdsId":"IP-049294","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343165,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -125.3759765625,\n              35.639441068973944\n            ],\n            [\n              -105,\n              35.639441068973944\n            ],\n            [\n              -105,\n              49.009050809382046\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.3759765625,\n              49.009050809382046\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.3759765625,\n              35.639441068973944\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"402","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595611c0e4b0d1f9f0506798","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bedrosian, Paul A. 0000-0002-6786-1038 pbedrosian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6786-1038","contributorId":839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedrosian","given":"Paul","email":"pbedrosian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feucht, Daniel W. dfeucht@usgs.gov","contributorId":5022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feucht","given":"Daniel","email":"dfeucht@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70118953,"text":"70118953 - 2014 - Lake Ontario zooplankton in 2003 and 2008: Community changes and vertical redistribution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-20T11:05:10","indexId":"70118953","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":865,"text":"Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lake Ontario zooplankton in 2003 and 2008: Community changes and vertical redistribution","docAbstract":"<p><span>Lake-wide zooplankton surveys are critical for documenting and understanding food web responses to ecosystem change. Surveys in 2003 and 2008 during the binational intensive field year in Lake Ontario found that offshore epilimnetic crustacean zooplankton declined by a factor of 12 (density) and factor of 5 (biomass) in the summer with smaller declines in the fall. These declines coincided with an increase in abundance of </span><i>Bythotrephes</i><span> and are likely the result of direct predation by, or behavioral responses to this invasive invertebrate predator. Whole water column zooplankton density also declined from 2003 to 2008 in the summer and fall (factor of 4), but biomass only declined in the fall (factor of 2). The decline in biomass was less than the decline in density because the average size of individual zooplankton increased. This was due to changes in the zooplankton community composition from a cyclopoid/bosminid dominated community in 2003 to a calanoid dominated community in 2008. The increase in calanoid copepods was primarily due to the larger species </span><i>Limnocalanus macrurus</i><span> and </span><i>Leptodiaptomus sicilis</i><span>. These cold water species were found in and below the thermocline associated with a deep chlorophyll layer. In 2008, most of the zooplankton biomass resided in or below the thermocline during the day. Increased importance of copepods in deeper, colder water may favor Cisco and Rainbow Smelt over Alewife because these species are better adapted to cold temperatures than Alewife.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/14634988.2014.965121","usgsCitation":"Rudstam, L.G., Holeck, K.T., Bowen, K.L., Watkins, J., Weidel, B., and Luckey, F.J., 2014, Lake Ontario zooplankton in 2003 and 2008: Community changes and vertical redistribution: Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, v. 18, no. 1, p. 43-62, https://doi.org/10.1080/14634988.2014.965121.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"62","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052882","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296823,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake 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       44.09153051045218\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.1956787109375,\n              44.16250418310723\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2bdde4b08de9379b352e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rudstam, Lars G.","contributorId":56609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rudstam","given":"Lars","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holeck, Kristen T.","contributorId":105549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holeck","given":"Kristen","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bowen, Kelly L.","contributorId":38382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowen","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Watkins, James M.","contributorId":97410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watkins","given":"James M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Weidel, Brian 0000-0001-6095-2773 bweidel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6095-2773","contributorId":2485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weidel","given":"Brian","email":"bweidel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Luckey, Frederick J.","contributorId":131035,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luckey","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70146285,"text":"70146285 - 2014 - Earliest record of the invasive Foraminifera Trochammina hadai in San Francisco Bay, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T11:23:14","indexId":"70146285","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3883,"text":"Marine Biodiversity Records","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Earliest record of the invasive Foraminifera <i>Trochammina hadai</i> in San Francisco Bay, California, USA","title":"Earliest record of the invasive Foraminifera Trochammina hadai in San Francisco Bay, California, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>In 1995,<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span></span><i>Trochammina hadai</i><span>, a benthic Foraminifera prevalent in Japanese estuaries, was found in San Francisco Bay, California, USA. Subsequent field investigations determined that the species was also present in nearly all of the major ports and estuaries along the western United States. Because of its widespread colonization, it is of interest to determine when<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span></span><i>T. hadai</i><span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>first appeared as an invasive in the coastal regions of the North Pacific. In San Francisco Bay, the species was not found in 404 surface samples collected between 1930 and 1981. In 1983, however, a grab sediment sample from one of four sites in the southern portion of the bay contained<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span></span><i>T. hadai</i><span>. This site was the most northern of the four and contained 12 specimens of the invasive, comprising 1.5% of the assemblage. This is the earliest appearance on record of<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span></span><i>T. hadai</i><span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>in San Francisco Bay.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/S1755267214000888","usgsCitation":"McGann, M., 2014, Earliest record of the invasive Foraminifera Trochammina hadai in San Francisco Bay, California, USA: Marine Biodiversity Records, v. 7, 7 p.; e94, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755267214000888.","productDescription":"7 p.; e94","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-027784","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299988,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.3169708251953,\n              37.63217854454145\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.15492248535156,\n              37.62837193983584\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.06909179687501,\n              37.52225246712464\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.03887939453125,\n              37.454147653035456\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.09312438964844,\n              37.455782895709184\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.12127685546875,\n              37.46831856835604\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.13157653808594,\n              37.507547084964116\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.17071533203125,\n              37.50427882876826\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.26341247558594,\n              37.57179370689751\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.3169708251953,\n              37.63217854454145\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5543522ce4b0a658d79414a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGann, Mary 0000-0002-3057-2945 mmcgann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3057-2945","contributorId":2849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGann","given":"Mary","email":"mmcgann@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":544933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70176409,"text":"70176409 - 2014 - Modification of the Quaternary stratigraphic framework of the inner-continental shelf by Holocene marine transgression: An example offshore of Fire Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-13T09:10:40","indexId":"70176409","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modification of the Quaternary stratigraphic framework of the inner-continental shelf by Holocene marine transgression: An example offshore of Fire Island, New York","docAbstract":"<p><span>The inner-continental shelf off Fire Island, New York was mapped in 2011 using interferometric sonar and high-resolution chirp seismic-reflection systems. The area mapped is approximately 50&nbsp;km long by 8&nbsp;km wide, extending from Moriches Inlet to Fire Island Inlet in water depths ranging from 8 to 32&nbsp;m. The morphology of this inner-continental shelf region and modern sediment distribution patterns are determined by erosion of Pleistocene glaciofluvial sediments during the ongoing Holocene marine transgression; much of the shelf is thus an actively forming ravinement surface. Remnants of a Pleistocene outwash lobe define a submerged headland offshore of central Fire Island. East of the submerged headland, relatively older Pleistocene outwash is exposed over much of the inner-continental shelf and covered by asymmetric, sorted bedforms interpreted to indicate erosion and westward transport of reworked sediment. Erosion of the eastern flank of the submerged Pleistocene headland over the last ~&nbsp;8000&nbsp;years yielded an abundance of modern sand that was transported westward and reworked into a field of shoreface-attached ridges offshore of western Fire Island. West of the submerged headland, erosion of Pleistocene outwash continues in troughs between the sand ridges, resulting in modification of the lower shoreface. Comparison of the modern sand ridge morphology with the morphology of the underlying ravinement surface suggests that the sand ridges have moved a minimum of ~&nbsp;1000&nbsp;m westward since formation. Comparison of modern sediment thickness mapped in 1996–1997 and 2011 allows speculation that the nearshore/shoreface sedimentary deposit has gained sediment at the expense of deflation of the sand ridges.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2014.06.011","usgsCitation":"Schwab, W.C., Baldwin, W.E., Denny, J.F., Hapke, C.J., Gayes, P.T., List, J.H., and Warner, J., 2014, Modification of the Quaternary stratigraphic framework of the inner-continental shelf by Holocene marine transgression: An example offshore of Fire Island, New York: Marine Geology, v. 355, p. 346-360, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2014.06.011.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"346","endPage":"360","ipdsId":"IP-057751","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472795,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository 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,{"id":70137437,"text":"70137437 - 2014 - Survival of surf scoters and white-winged scoters during remigial molt","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-08T10:55:09","indexId":"70137437","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of surf scoters and white-winged scoters during remigial molt","docAbstract":"<p><span>Quantifying sources and timing of variation in demographic rates is necessary to determine where and when constraints may exist within the annual cycle of organisms. Surf scoters (</span><i>Melanitta perspicillata</i><span>) and white-winged scoters (</span><i>M. fusca</i><span>) undergo simultaneous remigial molt during which they are flightless for &gt;1 month. Molt could result in reduced survival due to increased predation risk or increased energetic demands associated with regrowing flight feathers. Waterfowl survival during remigial molt varies across species, and has rarely been assessed for sea ducks. To quantify survival during remigial molt, we deployed very high frequency (VHF) transmitters on surf scoters (</span><i>n</i><span>&thinsp;=&thinsp;108) and white-winged scoters (</span><i>n</i><span>&thinsp;=&thinsp;57) in southeast Alaska and the Salish Sea (British Columbia and Washington) in 2008 and 2009. After censoring mortalities potentially related to capture and handling effects, we detected no mortalities during remigial molt; thus, estimates of daily and period survival for both scoter species during molt were 1.00. We performed sensitivity analyses in which mortalities were added to the dataset to simulate potential mortality rates for the population and then estimated the probability of obtaining a dataset with 0 mortalities. We found that only at high survival rates was there a high probability of observing 0 mortalities. We conclude that remigial molt is normally a period of low mortality in the annual cycle of scoters. The molt period does not appear to be a constraint on scoter populations; therefore, other annual cycle stages should be targeted by research and management efforts to change population trajectories.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.774","usgsCitation":"Uher-Koch, B.D., Esler, D., Dickson, R.D., Hupp, J.W., Evenson, J.R., Anderson, E.M., Barrett, J., and Schmutz, J.A., 2014, Survival of surf scoters and white-winged scoters during remigial molt: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 78, no. 7, p. 1189-1196, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.774.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1189","endPage":"1196","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051189","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297083,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United 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