{"pageNumber":"1352","pageRowStart":"33775","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165415,"records":[{"id":70129170,"text":"70129170 - 2014 - Assessing effects of native forest restoration on soil moisture dynamics and potential aquifer recharge, Auwahi, Maui","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-27T19:01:31.219486","indexId":"70129170","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T15:30:39","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1447,"text":"Ecohydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing effects of native forest restoration on soil moisture dynamics and potential aquifer recharge, Auwahi, Maui","docAbstract":"

Understanding the role of soils in regulating water flow through the unsaturated zone is critical in assessing the influence of vegetation on soil moisture dynamics and aquifer recharge. Because of fire, introduced ungulates and landscape-level invasion of non-native grasses, less than 10% of original dry forest (~730 mm precipitation annually) still exists on leeward Haleakalā, Maui, Hawaiian Islands. Native dry forest restoration at Auwahi has demonstrated the potential for dramatic revegetation, allowing a unique experimental comparison of hydrologic function between tracts of restored forest and adjacent grasslands. We hypothesized that even relatively recent forest restoration can assist in the recovery of impaired hydrologic function, potentially increasing aquifer recharge. To compare restored forest and grassland sites, we experimentally irrigated and measured soil moisture and temperature with subsurface instrumentation at four locations within the reforested area and four within the grassland, each with a 2·5 × 2·5-m plot. Compared with grassland areas, water in reforested sites moved to depth faster with larger magnitude changes in water content. The median first arrival velocity of water was greater by a factor of about 13 in the reforested sites compared with the grassland sites. This rapid transport of water to depths of 1 m or greater suggests increased potential aquifer recharge. Improved characterization of how vegetation and soils influence recharge is crucial for understanding the long-term impacts of forest restoration on aquifer recharge and water resources, especially in moisture-limited regions.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/eco.1469","usgsCitation":"Perkins, K., Nimmo, J.R., Medeiros, A.C., Szutu, D.J., and von Allmen, E., 2014, Assessing effects of native forest restoration on soil moisture dynamics and potential aquifer recharge, Auwahi, Maui: Ecohydrology, v. 7, no. 5, p. 1437-1451, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1469.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1437","endPage":"1451","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049281","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295470,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Haleakalā, Maui","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.88476562499997,\n 20.478481600090568\n ],\n [\n -155.7861328125,\n 20.478481600090568\n ],\n [\n -155.7861328125,\n 21.06399706324597\n ],\n [\n -156.88476562499997,\n 21.06399706324597\n ],\n [\n -156.88476562499997,\n 20.478481600090568\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54422f9ce4b0192a5a42f3d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perkins, Kim S. 0000-0001-8349-447X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8349-447X","contributorId":44097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"Kim S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nimmo, John R. 0000-0001-8191-1727 jrnimmo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"John","email":"jrnimmo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Medeiros, Arthur C. 0000-0002-8090-8451 amedeiros@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8090-8451","contributorId":2152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medeiros","given":"Arthur","email":"amedeiros@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Szutu, Daphne J. dszutu@usgs.gov","contributorId":5019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szutu","given":"Daphne","email":"dszutu@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":503504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"von Allmen, Erica","contributorId":47712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Allmen","given":"Erica","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70115661,"text":"70115661 - 2014 - Change detection using vegetation indices and multiplatform satellite imagery at multiple temporal and spatial scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-07T15:19:23","indexId":"70115661","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T15:16:26","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Change detection using vegetation indices and multiplatform satellite imagery at multiple temporal and spatial scales","docAbstract":"

This chapter describes emerging methods for using satellite imagery across temporal and spatial scales using a case study approach to illustrate some of the opportunities now available for combining observations across scales. It explores the use of multiplatform sensor systems to characterize ecological change, as exemplified by efforts to scale the effects of a biocontrol insect (the leaf beetle Diorhabda carinulata) on the phenology and water use of Tamarix shrubs (Tamarix ramosissima and related species and hybrids) targeted for removal on western U.S. rivers, from the level of individual leaves to the regional level of measurement. Finally, the chapter summarizes the lessons learned and emphasize the need for ground data to calibrate and validate remote sensing data and the types of errors inherent in scaling point data over wide areas, illustrated with research on evapotranspiration (ET) of Tamarix using a wide range of ground measurement and remote sensing methods.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Scale Issues in Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley and Sons","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1002/9781118801628.ch05","usgsCitation":"Glenn, E.P., Nagler, P.L., and Huete, A.R., 2014, Change detection using vegetation indices and multiplatform satellite imagery at multiple temporal and spatial scales, chap. of Scale Issues in Remote Sensing, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118801628.ch05.","ipdsId":"IP-041959","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289490,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":289489,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118801628.ch05"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53bbc162e4b084059e8bfeb7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Weng, Qihao","contributorId":112678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weng","given":"Qihao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509914,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Glenn, Edward P.","contributorId":19289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glenn","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nagler, Pamela L. 0000-0003-0674-103X pnagler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":1398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"Pamela","email":"pnagler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huete, Alfredo R.","contributorId":87291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huete","given":"Alfredo","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70104742,"text":"70104742 - 2014 - Evaluation of analytical techniques to determine AQUI-S® 20E (eugenol) concentrations in water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-18T19:29:40.387295","indexId":"70104742","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T14:47:09","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of analytical techniques to determine AQUI-S® 20E (eugenol) concentrations in water","docAbstract":"

There is a critical need in U.S. public aquaculture and fishery management programs for an immediate-release sedative, i.e. a compound that can be safely and effectively used to sedate fish and subsequently, allow for their immediate release. AQUI-S® 20E (10% active ingredient, eugenol; any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government) is being pursued for U.S. approval as an immediate-release sedative. As part of the approval process, data describing animal safety and efficacy are needed. Essential to conducting studies that generate those data, is a method to accurately and precisely determine AQUI-S® 20E concentrations in exposure baths. Spectrophotometric and solid phase extraction (SPE)–high pressure liquid chromatography (LC) methods were developed and evaluated as methods to determine AQUI-S® 20E (eugenol) concentrations in water, methods that could be applied to any situation where eugenol was being evaluated as a fish sedative. The spectrophotometric method was accurate and precise (accuracy, > 87%; precision, < 0.70 %CV) when determining eugenol concentrations in solutions of 50 to 1000 mg/L AQUI-S® 20E made with LC grade water and water with varying pH and hardness. The spectrophotometric method's accuracy was negatively affected when analyzing water containing fish feed. The SPE–LC method was also accurate and precise (accuracy > 86%; precision < 8.9 %CV) when determining eugenol concentrations in solutions of 50 to 1000 mg/L AQUI-S® 20E made with LC grade water and water with varying pH and hardness. The SPE–LC method was influenced to a lesser degree by the presence of fish feed indicating greater specificity for eugenol.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.09.033","usgsCitation":"Meinertz, J.R., and Hess, K.R., 2014, Evaluation of analytical techniques to determine AQUI-S® 20E (eugenol) concentrations in water: Aquaculture, v. 418-419, p. 62-66, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.09.033.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"62","endPage":"66","numberOfPages":"5","ipdsId":"IP-042622","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287262,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"418-419","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53771748e4b02eab8669ebf6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meinertz, Jeffery R. 0000-0002-8855-2648 jmeinertz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8855-2648","contributorId":2495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meinertz","given":"Jeffery","email":"jmeinertz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hess, Karina R.","contributorId":50792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"Karina","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70099912,"text":"70099912 - 2014 - On the role of budget sufficiency, cost efficiency, and uncertainty in species management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T10:04:20","indexId":"70099912","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T14:24:42","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the role of budget sufficiency, cost efficiency, and uncertainty in species management","docAbstract":"Many conservation planning frameworks rely on the assumption that one should prioritize locations for management actions based on the highest predicted conservation value (i.e., abundance, occupancy). This strategy may underperform relative to the expected outcome if one is working with a limited budget or the predicted responses are uncertain. Yet, cost and tolerance to uncertainty rarely become part of species management plans. We used field data and predictive models to simulate a decision problem involving western burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia hypugaea) using prairie dog colonies (Cynomys ludovicianus) in western Nebraska. We considered 2 species management strategies: one maximized abundance and the other maximized abundance in a cost-efficient way. We then used heuristic decision algorithms to compare the 2 strategies in terms of how well they met a hypothetical conservation objective. Finally, we performed an info-gap decision analysis to determine how these strategies performed under different budget constraints and uncertainty about owl response. Our results suggested that when budgets were sufficient to manage all sites, the maximizing strategy was optimal and suggested investing more in expensive actions. This pattern persisted for restricted budgets up to approximately 50% of the sufficient budget. Below this budget, the cost-efficient strategy was optimal and suggested investing in cheaper actions. When uncertainty in the expected responses was introduced, the strategy that maximized abundance remained robust under a sufficient budget. Reducing the budget induced a slight trade-off between expected performance and robustness, which suggested that the most robust strategy depended both on one's budget and tolerance to uncertainty. Our results suggest that wildlife managers should explicitly account for budget limitations and be realistic about their expected levels of performance.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.638","usgsCitation":"van der Burg, M.P., Bly, B.B., Vercauteren, T., Grand, J.B., and Tyre, A.J., 2014, On the role of budget sufficiency, cost efficiency, and uncertainty in species management: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 78, no. 1, p. 153-163, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.638.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"153","endPage":"163","ipdsId":"IP-041133","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285063,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":285023,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.638"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.0535,39.9999 ], [ -104.0535,43.0017 ], [ -95.3083,43.0017 ], [ -95.3083,39.9999 ], [ -104.0535,39.9999 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"78","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517059e4b05569d805a356","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van der Burg, Max Post","contributorId":92580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van der Burg","given":"Max","email":"","middleInitial":"Post","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bly, Bartholomew B.","contributorId":106011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bly","given":"Bartholomew","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vercauteren, Tammy","contributorId":23064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vercauteren","given":"Tammy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grand, J. Barry 0000-0002-3576-4567 barry_grand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-4567","contributorId":579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.","email":"barry_grand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Barry","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tyre, Andrew J.","contributorId":10720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tyre","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70115114,"text":"70115114 - 2014 - Nitrate fate and transport through current and former depressional wetlands in an agricultural landscape, Choptank Watershed, Maryland, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-01T14:28:58","indexId":"70115114","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T14:20:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2456,"text":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrate fate and transport through current and former depressional wetlands in an agricultural landscape, Choptank Watershed, Maryland, United States","docAbstract":"Understanding local groundwater hydrology and geochemistry is critical for evaluating the effectiveness of wetlands at mitigating agricultural impacts on surface waters. The effectiveness of depressional wetlands at mitigating nitrate (NO3) transport from fertilized row crops, through groundwater, to local streams was examined in the watershed of the upper Choptank River, a tributary of Chesapeake Bay on the Atlantic Coastal Plain. Hydrologic, geochemical, and water quality data were collected from January of 2008 through December of 2009 from surface waters and networks of piezometers installed in and around current or former depressional wetlands of three major types along a gradient of anthropogenic alteration: (1) natural wetlands with native vegetation (i.e., forested); (2) prior-converted croplands, which are former wetlands located in cultivated fields; and (3) hydrologically restored wetlands, including one wetland restoration and one shallow water management area. These data were collected to estimate the orientation of groundwater flow paths and likely interactions of groundwater containing NO3 from agricultural sources with reducing conditions associated with wetlands of different types. Natural wetlands were found to have longer periods of soil saturation and reducing conditions conducive to denitrification compared to the other wetland types studied. Because natural wetlands are typically located in groundwater recharge areas along watershed divides, nitrogen (N) from nearby agriculture was not intercepted. However, these wetlands likely improve water quality in adjacent streams via dilution. Soil and geochemical conditions conducive to denitrification were also present in restored wetlands and prior-converted croplands, and substantial losses of agricultural NO3 were observed in groundwater flowing through these wetland sediments. However, delivery of NO3 from agricultural areas through groundwater to these wetlands resulting in opportunities for denitrification were limited, particularly where reducing conditions did not extend throughout the entire thickness of the surficial aquifer allowing NO3 to pass conservatively beneath a wetland along deeper groundwater flow paths. The complexity of N fate and transport associated with depressional wetlands complicates the understanding of their importance to water quality in adjacent streams. Although depressional wetlands often contribute low NO3 water to local streams, their effectiveness as landscape sinks, for N from adjacent agriculture varies with natural conditions, such as the thickness of the aquifer and the extent of reducing conditions. Measurement of such natural geologic, hydrologic, and geochemical conditions are therefore fundamental to understanding N mitigation in individual wetlands.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Soil and Water Conservation Society","doi":"10.2489/jswc.69.1.1","usgsCitation":"Denver, J.M., Ator, S., Lang, M., Fisher, T., Gustafson, A., Fox, R., Clune, J., and McCarty, G., 2014, Nitrate fate and transport through current and former depressional wetlands in an agricultural landscape, Choptank Watershed, Maryland, United States: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, v. 69, no. 1, p. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.69.1.1.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"16","numberOfPages":"16","ipdsId":"IP-037456","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473180,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.69.1.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":289338,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":289305,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2489/jswc.69.1.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryl","otherGeospatial":"Choptank River;Choptank Watershed","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.3577,38.5417 ], [ -76.3577,39.2014 ], [ -75.5928,39.2014 ], [ -75.5928,38.5417 ], [ -76.3577,38.5417 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"69","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b3d86ae4b07c5f79a7f348","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Denver, J. M.","contributorId":100356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denver","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ator, S.W. 0000-0002-9186-4837","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9186-4837","contributorId":104100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ator","given":"S.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lang, M.W.","contributorId":68221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lang","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fisher, T.R.","contributorId":89060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gustafson, A.B.","contributorId":98221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gustafson","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fox, R.","contributorId":22686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Clune, J.W.","contributorId":11510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clune","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McCarty, G.W.","contributorId":24533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarty","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70099125,"text":"70099125 - 2014 - Guidelines for monitoring and adaptively managing restoration of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead (O. mykiss) on the Elwha River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-30T09:14:25","indexId":"70099125","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T14:17:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Guidelines for monitoring and adaptively managing restoration of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead (O. mykiss) on the Elwha River","docAbstract":"

As of January, 2014, the removal of the Elwha and Glines Canyon dams on the Elwha River, Washington, represents the largest dam decommissioning to date in the United States. Dam removal is the single largest step in meeting the goals of the Elwha River Ecosystem and Fisheries Restoration Act of 1992 (The Elwha Act) — full restoration of the Elwha River ecosystem and its native anadromous fisheries (Section 3(a)). However, there is uncertainty about project outcomes with regards to salmon populations, as well as what the ‘best’ management strategy is to fully restore each salmon stock. This uncertainty is due to the magnitude of the action, the large volumes of sediment expected to be released during dam removal, and the duration of the sediment impact period following dam removal. Our task is further complicated by the depleted state of the native salmonid populations remaining in the Elwha, including four federally listed species. This situation lends itself to a monitoring and adaptive management approach to resource management, which allows for flexibility in decision-making processes in the face of uncertain outcomes.

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The Elwha Monitoring and Adaptive Management (EMAM) guidelines presented in this document provide a framework for developing goals that define project success and for monitoring project implementation and responses, focused upon two federally listed salmon species — Puget Sound Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and Puget Sound steelhead (O. mykiss). The framework also should serve as a guide to help managers adaptively manage fish restoration actions during and following dam removal. The document is organized into seven sections, including an introduction (Section 1), a description of the adaptive management approach (Section 2), suggested modifications to the existing restoration strategy developed in previous Elwha River restoration documents (section 3), specific descriptions of an adaptive management framework, including establishment of goals, performance indicators, and potential adaptive management responses to monitoring information (section 4), monitoring tools and methods for use in evaluating performance and project outcomes (section 5), and brief sections on data record keeping and reporting (Section 6) and an estimated budget (section 7).

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The purpose of the EMAM guidelines is to propose (1) refinement of existing goals established in previous documents (e.g., Ward et al. (2008), U.S. Department of the Interior, Department of Commerce, and Lower Elwha S’Klallam Tribe (1994)); (2) an adaptive management framework, (3) specific trigger values for relevant performance indicators that guide the adaptive management approach, (4) a specific monitoring strategy for evaluating outcomes of restoration activities; (5) a data management strategy, (6) information needed for adjusting goals when observations indicate conditions are different from anticipated. When taken together, our proposed adaptive management guidelines rely upon setting goals and objectives for each species of interest, which are monitored by relevant performance indicators and measurable trigger values that define success within each phase of the project. The guidelines themselves are arranged in a hierarchy for each species of interest. The levels of this hierarchy are goals, objectives, performance indicators, decision rules, triggers, and decisions (i.e., management/policy response).

\n

 

\n

The monitoring and adaptive management approach provided is based on monitoring several categories of performance indicators, each containing associated ‘trigger’ values which, when met, alters restoration activities (e.g., hatchery releases and/or strategies) through four successive restoration phases. Performance indicators proposed in these EMAM guidelines are based upon Viable Salmon Population (VSP) metrics, including abundance, productivity, distribution, and diversity (McElhany et al. 2000). Trigger values for each performance indicator are developed for four different restoration phases: Preservation, Recolonization, Local Adaptation, and Viable Natural Population. These biologically-based phases each have a set of objectives that are based on resource management scenarios, including the dam removal project itself, which change largely based on the level of active management required and the degree, if any, of resource utilization. Thus, details of prescribed management actions for each phase are based upon different needs specific to that phase.

\n

 

\n

The creation of biologically-based phases is one of the major differences between our proposed EMAM guidelines and previously presented plans for Elwha River Restoration Project management. Changed largely in response to the recommendations of the most recent of three Hatchery Scientific Review Group project reviews (HSRG 2012), the goal-oriented phases replaced the previous system of temporal changes centered around the decommissioning of the dams (i.e., before, during, and after dam removal). By focusing on outcomes associated with rebuilding salmon populations instead of an engineering schedule, the guidelines are more amenable to an adaptive management framework and the ability for management actions to influence outcomes, particularly in the periods during and following dam removal.

\n

 

\n

Trigger values for each performance indicator were generally developed using existing data from the Elwha River watershed, the Puget Sound region, or other Pacific Northwest rivers (i.e., elsewhere in Washington State, Oregon, British Columbia) modified to be relevant for Chinook salmon and steelhead recovery in the Elwha River. By meeting all of the trigger value levels for all performance indicators for a set amount of time within a management phase, the guidelines call for moving to the next phase. This next phase has a new set of trigger values for the same performance indicators. For example, upon moving from the Preservation phase to the Recolonization phase, the trigger value for intrinsic potential increases. Intrinsic potential is a pre-defined estimate of the total extent of available habitat within a watershed for adult and juvenile fish, specific to the target species and is therefore a performance indicator of spatial distribution. By the final Viable Natural Population phase, the entire intrinsic potential of the watershed is being occupied by the species of interest. For those cases when a performance indicator is not exceeding the target value for a particular phase after a certain time period, the trigger values provided in this document, as well as a series of exogenous variables, are explored that may help explain why the performance indicator is not being met. These exogenous variables include variables that are not part of the suite of performance indicators, such as hatchery production, harvest, habitat, and ecosystem indicators. In these cases where the program is stuck in a particular recovery phase, the situation could be caused by the selection of inappropriate trigger values or unforeseen environmental conditions. If the former, adaptive management would call for existing monitoring data to be used for modifying trigger values to an appropriate level. If one of the exogenous variables is found to be preventing the program moving to the next phase, then appropriate changes to management would be advised.

\n

 

\n

For each performance indicator and many of the exogenous variables, a set of monitoring tools were proposed. Data standards were also proposed for data generated by each monitoring tool. Data management, record keeping, and reporting of monitoring and adaptive management activities and results are also outlined. Management of data from the focused monitoring program and documenting the outcomes of trigger value evaluations and associated decisions from the adaptive management approach are key components of the EMAM guidelines. Without a clear history of data generated and adaptive management decisions taken by managers, the ability to learn through adaptive management breaks down. In addition to the long time period involved, another complication is the fact that the data will likely be collected by different federal and state agencies, tribal staff, and others. Having a system of reporting developed should help alleviate potential problems.

\n

 

\n

The restoration of the migration route to spawning and rearing habitats upstream of the former Glines Canyon Dam represents a great opportunity for salmon on the Olympic Peninsula. By removing two aging structures, it will be possible for all 5 species of salmon and steelhead to return to wild stretches of the Elwha River and major floodplain habitat characterized by multiple channels, as well as significant portions of numerous tributaries. Measuring the progress of restoration, from the perspective of both salmon populations and the ecosystem upon which they depend, is a great test for a collaborative team of scientists. The normally challenging conditions of working in a steep gradient, high velocity wilderness river are exacerbated by the release of millions of cubic yards of sediment that had accumulated in the reservoirs. After the first two years of the dam decommissioning process, this release has changed the ecology of the river, estuary, and nearshore habitats downstream of the dams. Our goal in developing the guidelines described is to provide a roadmap for tracking what hopefully will become a successful outcome. If successfully implemented, this information should prove useful as others begin planning for the removal, alteration, or reconstruction of dams throughout North America and elsewhere, an inevitable outcome of an aging dam infrastructure.

","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Joint Federal Interagency Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Joint Federal Interagency Conference","conferenceDate":"June 28-July, 2010","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Peters, R., Duda, J., Pess, G., Zimmerman, M., Crain, P., Hughes, Z., Wilson, A., Liermann, M., Morley, S., McMillan, J., Denton, K., and Warheit, K., 2014, Guidelines for monitoring and adaptively managing restoration of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead (O. mykiss) on the Elwha River, in Proceedings of the Joint Federal Interagency Conference, Las Vegas, NV, June 28-July, 2010, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049368","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286303,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Elwha River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.605912,47.730895 ], [ -123.605912,48.147649 ], [ -123.444184,48.147649 ], [ -123.444184,47.730895 ], [ -123.605912,47.730895 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517044e4b05569d805a247","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, R.J.","contributorId":7619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duda, J.J. 0000-0001-7431-8634","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7431-8634","contributorId":105073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"J.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pess, G.R.","contributorId":33037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pess","given":"G.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zimmerman, M.","contributorId":72541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crain, P.","contributorId":31308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crain","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hughes, Z.","contributorId":80185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wilson, A.","contributorId":8430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Liermann, M.C.","contributorId":42875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liermann","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Morley, S.A.","contributorId":49619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morley","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"McMillan, J.","contributorId":83835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMillan","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Denton, K.","contributorId":28165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denton","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Warheit, K.","contributorId":80186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warheit","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70111258,"text":"70111258 - 2014 - Transport of fine sediment over a coarse, immobile riverbed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-03T13:59:30","indexId":"70111258","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T13:56:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport of fine sediment over a coarse, immobile riverbed","docAbstract":"Sediment transport in cobble-boulder rivers consists mostly of fine sediment moving over a coarse, immobile bed. Transport rate depends on several interrelated factors: boundary shear stress, the grain size and volume of fine sediment, and the configuration of fine sediment into interstitial deposits and bed forms. Existing models do not incorporate all of these factors. Approaches that partition stress face a daunting challenge because most of the boundary shear is exerted on immobile grains. We present an alternative approach that divides the bed into sand patches and interstitial deposits and is well constrained by two clear end-member cases: full sand cover and absence of sand. Entrainment from sand patches is a function of their aerial coverage. Entrainment from interstices among immobile grains is a function of sand elevation relative to the size of the immobile grains. The bed-sand coverage function is used to predict the ratio of the rate of entrainment from a partially covered bed to the rate of entrainment from a completely sand-covered bed, which is determined using a standard sand transport model. We implement the bed-sand coverage function in a morphodynamic routing model and test it against observations of sand bed elevation and suspended sand concentration for conditions of nonuniform fine sediment transport in a large flume with steady uniform flow over immobile hemispheres. The results suggest that this approach may provide a simple and robust method for predicting the transport and migration of fine sediment through rivers with coarse, immobile beds.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2013JF002925","usgsCitation":"Grams, P.E., and Wilcock, P.R., 2014, Transport of fine sediment over a coarse, immobile riverbed: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 119, no. 2, p. 188-211, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JF002925.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"188","endPage":"211","numberOfPages":"24","ipdsId":"IP-049407","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473182,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013jf002925","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":288035,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288034,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013JF002925"}],"volume":"119","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"538eeea0e4b0d497d4968554","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grams, Paul E. 0000-0002-0873-0708 pgrams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0873-0708","contributorId":1830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grams","given":"Paul","email":"pgrams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilcock, Peter R.","contributorId":52049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcock","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70101155,"text":"70101155 - 2014 - 40Ar/39Ar Geochronology, Isotope Geochemistry (Sr, Nd, Pb), and petrology of alkaline lavas near Yampa, Colorado: migration of alkaline volcanism and evolution of the northern Rio Grande rift","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-10T13:58:38","indexId":"70101155","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T13:55:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"40Ar/39Ar Geochronology, Isotope Geochemistry (Sr, Nd, Pb), and petrology of alkaline lavas near Yampa, Colorado: migration of alkaline volcanism and evolution of the northern Rio Grande rift","docAbstract":"Volcanic rocks near Yampa, Colorado (USA), represent one of several small late Miocene to Quaternary alkaline volcanic fields along the northeast margin of the Colorado Plateau. Basanite, trachybasalt, and basalt collected from six sites within the Yampa volcanic field were investigated to assess correlations with late Cenozoic extension and Rio Grande rifting. In this paper we report major and trace element rock and mineral compositions and Ar, Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope data for these volcanic rocks. High-precision 40Ar/39Ar geochronology indicates westward migration of volcanism within the Yampa volcanic field between 6 and 4.5 Ma, and the Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope values are consistent with a primary source in the Proterozoic subcontinental lithospheric mantle. Relict olivine phenocrysts have Mg- and Ni-rich cores, whereas unmelted clinopyroxene cores are Na and Si enriched with finely banded Ca-, Mg-, Al-, and Ti-enriched rims, thus tracing their crystallization history from a lithospheric mantle source region to one in contact with melt prior to eruption. A regional synthesis of Neogene and younger volcanism within the Rio Grande rift corridor, from northern New Mexico to southern Wyoming, supports a systematic overall southwest migration of alkaline volcanism. We interpret this Neogene to Quaternary migration of volcanism toward the northeast margin of the Colorado Plateau to record passage of melt through subvertical zones within the lithosphere weakened by late Cenozoic extension. If the locus of Quaternary alkaline magmatism defines the current location of the Rio Grande rift, it includes the Leucite Hills, Wyoming. We suggest that alkaline volcanism in the incipient northern Rio Grande rift, north of Leadville, Colorado, represents melting of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle in response to transient infiltration of asthenospheric mantle into deep, subvertical zones of dilational crustal weakness developed during late Cenozoic extension that have been migrating toward, and subparallel to, the northeast margin of the Colorado Plateau since the middle Miocene. Quaternary volcanism within this northern Rio Grande rift corridor is evidence that the rift is continuing to evolve.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/GES00921.1","usgsCitation":"Cosca, M.A., Thompson, R.A., Lee, J.P., Turner, K.J., Neymark, L.A., and Premo, W.R., 2014, 40Ar/39Ar Geochronology, Isotope Geochemistry (Sr, Nd, Pb), and petrology of alkaline lavas near Yampa, Colorado: migration of alkaline volcanism and evolution of the northern Rio Grande rift: Geology, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00921.1.","ipdsId":"IP-044362","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473183,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00921.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":286215,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286214,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00921.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Yampa","otherGeospatial":"Rio Grande Rift","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.913309,40.148579 ], [ -106.913309,40.157725 ], [ -106.901999,40.157725 ], [ -106.901999,40.148579 ], [ -106.913309,40.148579 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53516eb1e4b05569d8059d11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cosca, Michael A. 0000-0002-0600-7663 mcosca@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0600-7663","contributorId":1000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosca","given":"Michael","email":"mcosca@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Ren A. 0000-0002-3044-3043 rathomps@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3044-3043","contributorId":1265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Ren","email":"rathomps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, John P. jplee@usgs.gov","contributorId":3291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"John","email":"jplee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":492622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Turner, Kenzie J. 0000-0002-4940-3981 kturner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4940-3981","contributorId":496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Kenzie","email":"kturner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Neymark, Leonid A. lneymark@usgs.gov","contributorId":532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neymark","given":"Leonid","email":"lneymark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":492618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Premo, Wayne R. 0000-0001-9904-4801 wpremo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9904-4801","contributorId":1697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Premo","given":"Wayne","email":"wpremo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":492621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70101109,"text":"70101109 - 2014 - Earthquake intensity distributions: a new view","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-10T13:39:13","indexId":"70101109","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T13:36:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1101,"text":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake intensity distributions: a new view","docAbstract":"Pioneering work by Nicolas Ambraseys and many collaborators demonstrates\nboth the tremendous value of macroseismic data and the perils of its uncritical assessment. In\nnumerous publications he shows that neglect of original sources and/or failure to appreciate\nthe context of historical accounts, as well as use of unreliable indicators such as landslid-\ning to determine intensities, commonly leads to inflated magnitude estimates for historical\nearthquakes. The U.S. Geological Survey “Did You Feel It?” (DYFI) system, which now\ncollects and systematically interprets thousands of first-hand reports from felt earthquakes,\nprovides the opportunity to explore further the biases associated with traditional intensity\ndistributions determined from written (media or archival) accounts. I briefly summarize and\nfurther develop the results of Hough (2013), who shows that traditional intensity distrib-\nutions imply more dramatic damage patterns than are documented by more spatially rich\nDYFI data, even when intensities are assigned according to the conservative practices estab-\nlished by Ambraseys’ work. I further consider the separate intensity–attenuation relations\nthat have been developed to characterize intensities for historical and modern earthquakes\nin California, using traditionally assigned intensities and DYFI intensities, respectively. The\nresults support the conclusion that traditionally assigned intensity values tend to be inflated\nby a fundamental bias towards reporting of dramatic rather than representative effects. I\nintroduce an empirical correction-factor approach to correct for these biases. This allows the\ngrowing wealth of well-calibrated DYFI data to be used as calibration events in the analysis\nof historical earthquakes","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10518-013-9573-x","usgsCitation":"Hough, S.E., 2014, Earthquake intensity distributions: a new view: Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, v. 12, no. 1, p. 135-155, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-013-9573-x.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"155","ipdsId":"IP-049246","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286205,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286204,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-013-9573-x"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517035e4b05569d805a1d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hough, Susan E. 0000-0002-5980-2986 hough@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"Susan","email":"hough@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70058636,"text":"sir20135228 - 2014 - Simulation of groundwater flow in the Edwards-Trinity and related aquifers in the Pecos County region, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T12:36:54","indexId":"sir20135228","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T13:28:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5228","title":"Simulation of groundwater flow in the Edwards-Trinity and related aquifers in the Pecos County region, Texas","docAbstract":"

The Edwards-Trinity aquifer is a vital groundwater resource for agricultural, industrial, and public supply uses in the Pecos County region of western Texas. The U.S. Geological Survey completed a comprehensive, integrated analysis of available hydrogeologic data to develop a numerical groundwater-flow model of the Edwards-Trinity and related aquifers in the study area in parts of Brewster, Jeff Davis, Pecos, and Reeves Counties. The active model area covers about 3,400 square miles of the Pecos County region of Texas west of the Pecos River, and its boundaries were defined to include the saturated areas of the Edwards-Trinity aquifer. The model is a five-layer representation of the Pecos Valley, Edwards-Trinity, Dockum, and Rustler aquifers. The Pecos Valley aquifer is referred to as the alluvial layer, and the Edwards-Trinity aquifer is divided into layers representing the Edwards part of the Edwards-Trinity aquifer and the Trinity part of the Edwards-Trinity aquifer, respectively. The calibration period of the simulation extends from 1940 to 2010. Simulated hydraulic heads generally were in good agreement with observed values; 1,684 out of 2,860 (59 percent) of the simulated values were within 25 feet of the observed value. The average root mean square error value of hydraulic head for the Edwards-Trinity aquifer was 34.2 feet, which was approximately 4 percent of the average total observed change in groundwater-level altitude (groundwater level). Simulated spring flow representing Comanche Springs exhibits a pattern similar to observed spring flow. Independent geochemical modeling corroborates results of simulated groundwater flow that indicates groundwater in the Edwards-Trinity aquifer in the Leon-Belding and Fort Stockton areas is a mixture of recharge from the Barilla and Davis Mountains and groundwater that has upwelled from the Rustler aquifer.

\n

The model was used to simulate groundwater-level altitudes resulting from prolonged pumping to evaluate sustainability of current and projected water-use demands. Each of three scenarios utilized a continuation of the calibrated model. Scenario 1 extended recent (2008) irrigation and nonirrigation pumping values for a 30-year period from 2010 to 2040. Projected groundwater-level changes in and around the Fort Stockton area under scenario 1 change little from current conditions, indicating that the groundwater system is near equilibrium with respect to recent (2008) pumping stress. Projected groundwater-level declines in the eastern part of the model area ranging from 5.0 to 15.0 feet are likely the result of nonequilibrium conditions associated with recent increases in pumping after a prolonged water-level recovery period of little or no pumping. Projected groundwater-level declines (from 15.0 to 31.0 feet) occurred in localized areas by the end of scenario 1 in the Leon-Belding area. Scenario 2 evaluated the effects of extended recent (2008) pumping rates as assigned in scenario 1 with year-round maximum permitted pumping rates in the Belding area. Results of scenario 2 are similar in water-level decline and extent as those of scenario 1. The extent of the projected groundwater-level decline in the range from 5.0 to 15.0 feet in the Leon-Belding irrigation area expanded slightly (about a 2-percent increase) from that of scenario 1. Maximum projected groundwater-level declines in the Leon-Belding irrigation area were approximately 31.3 feet in small isolated areas. Scenario 3 evaluated the effects of periodic increases in pumping rates over the 30-year extended period. Results of scenario 3 are similar to those of scenario 2 in terms of the areas of groundwater-level decline; however, the maximum projected groundwater-level decline increased to approximately 34.5 feet in the Leon-Belding area, and the extent of the decline was larger in area (about a 17-percent increase) than that of scenario 2. Additionally, the area of projected groundwater-level declines in the eastern part of the model area increased from that of scenario 2—two individual areas of decline coalesced into one larger area. The localized nature of the projected groundwater-level declines is a reflection of the high degree of fractured control on storage and hydraulic conductivity in the Edwards-Trinity aquifer. Additionally, the finding that simulated spring flow is highly dependent on the transient nature of hydraulic heads in the underlying aquifer indicates the importance of adequately understanding and characterizing the entire groundwater system.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135228","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Middle Pecos Groundwater Conservation District, Pecos County, City of Fort Stockton, Brewster County, and Pecos County Water Control and Improvement District No. 1","usgsCitation":"Clark, B.R., Bumgarner, J.R., Houston, N.A., and Foster, A.L., 2014, Simulation of groundwater flow in the Edwards-Trinity and related aquifers in the Pecos County region, Texas (First posted February 14, 2014; Revised and reposted August 5, 2014, version 1.1): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5228, viii, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135228.","productDescription":"viii, 55 p.","numberOfPages":"67","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052736","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282423,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135228.jpg"},{"id":282420,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5228/pdf/sir2013-5228.pdf"},{"id":282422,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5228/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Pecos County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.5,30.5 ], [ -104.5,31.5 ], [ -101.5,31.5 ], [ -101.5,30.5 ], [ -104.5,30.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"First posted February 14, 2014; Revised and reposted August 5, 2014, version 1.1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e3414ae4b0567f2770196a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Brian R. 0000-0001-6611-3807 brclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6611-3807","contributorId":1502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Brian","email":"brclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bumgarner, Johnathan R. jbumgarner@usgs.gov","contributorId":5378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bumgarner","given":"Johnathan","email":"jbumgarner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":487214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Houston, Natalie A. 0000-0002-6071-4545 nhouston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6071-4545","contributorId":1682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houston","given":"Natalie","email":"nhouston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Foster, Adam L.","contributorId":28944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70103842,"text":"70103842 - 2014 - Temporal and spatial distributions of cold-water corals in the Drake Passage: insights from the last 35,000 years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-08T13:22:47","indexId":"70103842","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T13:11:44","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1371,"text":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal and spatial distributions of cold-water corals in the Drake Passage: insights from the last 35,000 years","docAbstract":"Scleractinian corals have a global distribution ranging from shallow tropical seas to the depths of the Southern Ocean. Although this distribution is indicative of the corals having a tolerance to a wide spectrum of environmental conditions, individual species seem to be restricted to a much narrower range of ecosystem variables. One way to ascertain the tolerances of corals, with particular focus on the potential impacts of changing climate, is to reconstruct their growth history across a range of environmental regimes. This study examines the spatial and temporal distribution of the solitary scleractinian corals Desmophyllum dianthus, Gardineria antarctica, Balanophyllia malouinensis, Caryophyllia spp. and Flabellum spp. from five sites in the Drake Passage which cross the major frontal zones. A rapid reconnaissance radiocarbon method was used to date more than 850 individual corals. Coupled with U-Th dating, an age range of present day back to more than 100 thousand years was established for corals in the region. Within this age range there are distinct changes in the temporal and spatial distributions of these corals, both with depth and latitude, and on millennial timescales. Two major patterns that emerge are: (1) D. dianthus populations show clear variability in their occurrence through time depending on the latitudinal position within the Drake Passage. North of the Subantarctic Front, D. dianthus first appears in the late deglaciation (~17,000 years ago) and persists to today. South of the Polar Front, in contrast, early deglacial periods, with a few modern occurrences. A seamount site between the two fronts exhibits characteristics similar to both the northern and southern sites. This shift across the frontal zones within one species cannot yet be fully explained, but it is likely to be linked to changes in surface productivity, subsurface oxygen concentrations, and carbonate saturation state. (2) at locations where multiple genera were dated, differences in age and depth distribution of the populations provide clear evidence that each genus has unique environmental requirements to sustain its population.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.06.008","usgsCitation":"Margolin, A.R., Robinson, L., Burke, A., Waller, R., Scanlon, K.M., Roberts, M.L., Auro, M.E., and van de Flierdt, T., 2014, Temporal and spatial distributions of cold-water corals in the Drake Passage: insights from the last 35,000 years: Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, v. 99, p. 237-248, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.06.008.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"248","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-043740","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473185,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140403-091731138","text":"External Repository"},{"id":286996,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286995,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.06.008"}],"otherGeospatial":"Drake Passage","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -85.0,-67.0 ], [ -85.0,-50.0 ], [ -45.0,-50.0 ], [ -45.0,-67.0 ], [ -85.0,-67.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"99","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"536ca77de4b060efff280de4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Margolin, Andrew R.","contributorId":61343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Margolin","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, Laura F.","contributorId":6179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Laura F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burke, Andrea","contributorId":12179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burke","given":"Andrea","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waller, Rhian G.","contributorId":52081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waller","given":"Rhian G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scanlon, Kathryn M.","contributorId":6816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roberts, Mark L.","contributorId":69890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Auro, Maureen E.","contributorId":40900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auro","given":"Maureen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"van de Flierdt, Tina","contributorId":34434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van de Flierdt","given":"Tina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70159439,"text":"70159439 - 2014 - Mineral resource of the month: Iron and steel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-04T11:16:31","indexId":"70159439","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1419,"text":"Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral resource of the month: Iron and steel","docAbstract":"

Iron is one of the most abundant elements on Earth, but it does not occur in nature in a useful metallic form. Although ancient people may have recovered some iron from meteorites, it wasn’t until smelting was invented that iron metal could be derived from iron oxides. After the beginning of the Iron Age in about 1200 B.C., knowledge of iron- and steelmaking spread from the ancient Middle East through Greece to the Roman Empire, then to Europe and, in the early 17th century, to North America. The first successful furnace in North America began operating in 1646 in what is now Saugus, Mass. Introduction of the Bessemer converter in the mid-19th century made the modern steel age possible.

\n

Pig iron is a high-carbon alloy made by smelting iron ore in a blast furnace with carbonaceous material, typically coke, as a reducing agent. Limestone is added to the iron ore-coke charge as a fluxing agent to remove impurities. Steel is produced from pig iron by removing some of the carbon in a basic oxygen converter and adding several alloying elements, such as manganese, chromium, copper, nickel, titanium, molybdenum, tungsten and vanadium. Steel is also made by recycling ferrous scrap in an electric arc furnace.

\n

There are many grades of steel, but the three major types of steel are carbon, alloy and stainless. About 93 percent of the steel made in the United States is carbon steel, which contains a maximum 2 percent carbon. Applications are found in appliances, construction, shipbuilding, containers and packaging, as well as in the automotive, machinery and equipment industries. Alloy steel, about 5 percent of annual production, contains as much as 4 percent alloying elements. Special applications for alloy steel include use in machined parts and tool fabrication. Stainless steel, which accounts for about 2 percent of annual steel production, is formed by adding chromium and usually nickel to steel to make it highly corrosion-resistant.

\n

Since 2008, steelmaking capacity has greatly exceeded apparent steel consumption, primarily as a result of China’s rapid economic expansion and rapidly increasing capacity. This has resulted in an influx of steel products into the United States and other steelmaking countries that already have excess capacity. Demand by China’s steelmakers has also driven unprecedented increases in the prices of iron ore and metallurgical coal. In the short term, steelmaking capacity, globally and especially in China, is expected to continue to exceed steel consumption, with steel prices and production costs remaining stable.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geological Institute","publisherLocation":"Alexandria, VA","usgsCitation":"Fenton, M.D., 2014, Mineral resource of the month: Iron and steel: Earth, HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069755","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311008,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":311007,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.earthmagazine.org/article/mineral-resource-month-iron-and-steel"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"563b3a45e4b0d6133fe75c6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fenton, Michael D. mfenton@usgs.gov","contributorId":2897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fenton","given":"Michael","email":"mfenton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70148653,"text":"70148653 - 2014 - Nocturnal field use by fall migrating American woodcock in the Delta of Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-13T11:07:55","indexId":"70148653","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nocturnal field use by fall migrating American woodcock in the Delta of Arkansas","docAbstract":"

The American woodcock (Scolopax minor) population has declined since the late 1960s across its range and is now considered a species of special concern. Research on woodcock habitat use during migration and migratory routes through the Central Flyway has been limited. We assessed woodcock phenology, estimated density, and nocturnal habitat use in fields on public lands in the lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley portion of Arkansas during November and December of 2010 and 2011. We used all-terrain vehicles to survey woodcock along transects in 67 fields of 8 field types. We analyzed data using hierarchical distance sampling. We detected woodcock from the first week in November through the third week in December but in low numbers. We did not detect woodcock in millet or rice fields, whereas woodcock had the highest estimated densities in unharvested soybeans. All other crop type-post-harvest management combinations had low woodcock densities. We did not detect woodcock in fields <8 ha or >40 ha. Woodcock in the lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley may benefit from management for unharvested soybean fields of moderate size (approx. 8-40ha).

","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.655","collaboration":"Unites States Fish and Wildlife Service Region IV","usgsCitation":"Krementz, D.G., Crossett, R., and Lehnen, S.E., 2014, Nocturnal field use by fall migrating American woodcock in the Delta of Arkansas: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 78, no. 2, p. 264-272, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.655.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"264","endPage":"272","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045160","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473186,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.655","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":305678,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55a4e143e4b0183d66e4539e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krementz, David G. 0000-0002-5661-4541 dkrementz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5661-4541","contributorId":2827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krementz","given":"David","email":"dkrementz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crossett, Richard II","contributorId":145587,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crossett","given":"Richard","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lehnen, Sarah E.","contributorId":145588,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lehnen","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70134286,"text":"70134286 - 2014 - Reconstruction of historic sea ice conditions in a sub-Arctic lagoon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-23T15:06:17.380411","indexId":"70134286","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1264,"text":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reconstruction of historic sea ice conditions in a sub-Arctic lagoon","docAbstract":"

Historical sea ice conditions were reconstructed for Izembek Lagoon, Bering Sea, Alaska. This lagoon is a crucial staging area during migration for numerous species of avian migrants and a major eelgrass (Zostera marina) area important to a variety of marine and terrestrial organisms, especially Pacific Flyway black brant geese (Branta bernicla nigricans). Ice cover is a common feature of the lagoon in winter, but appears to be declining, which has implications for eelgrass distribution and abundance, and its use by wildlife. We evaluated ice conditions from a model based on degree days, calibrated to satellite observations, to estimate distribution and long-term trends in ice conditions in Izembek Lagoon. Model results compared favorably with ground observations and 26 years of satellite data, allowing ice conditions to be reconstructed back to 1943. Specifically, periods of significant (limited access to eelgrass areas) and severe (almost complete ice coverage of the lagoon) ice conditions could be identified. The number of days of severe ice within a single season ranged from 0 (e.g., 2001) to ≥ 67 (e.g., 2000). We detected a slight long-term negative trend in ice conditions, superimposed on high inter-annual variability in seasonal aggregate ice conditions. Based on reconstructed ice conditions, the seasonally cumulative number of significant or severe ice days correlated linearly with mean air temperature from January until March. Further, air temperature at Izembek Lagoon was correlated with wind direction, suggesting that ice conditions in Izembek Lagoon were associated with synoptic-scale weather patterns. Methods employed in this analysis may be transferable to other coastal locations in the Arctic.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Pub. 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The historical oscillation (~13y) is remarkably consistent among small seepage lakes, groundwater tables and the two largest Laurentian Great Lakes despite substantial differences in hydrology. Hydrologic analyses indicate that the oscillation has been governed primarily by changes in the net atmospheric flux of water (P-E) and stage-dependent outflow. The oscillation is hypothetically connected to large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns originating in the mid-latitude North Pacific that support the flux of moisture into the region from the Gulf of Mexico. Recent data indicate an apparent change in the historical oscillation characterized by a ~12y downward trend beginning in 1998. Record low water levels region-wide may mark the onset of a new hydroclimatic regime.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2013GL058679","usgsCitation":"Watras, C., Read, J., Holman, K., Liu, Z., Song, Y., Watras, A., Morgan, S., and Stanley, E., 2014, Decadal oscillation of lakes and aquifers in the upper Great Lakes region of North America: hydroclimatic implications: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 41, no. 2, p. 456-462, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058679.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"456","endPage":"462","numberOfPages":"7","ipdsId":"IP-051171","costCenters":[{"id":160,"text":"Center for Integrated Data Analytics","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473188,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013gl058679","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":286507,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286489,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058679"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Upper Great Lakes Region","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -93.8,40.95 ], [ -93.8,49.14 ], [ -79.71,49.14 ], [ -79.71,40.95 ], [ -93.8,40.95 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"41","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53578f63e4b0938066bc81ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watras, C.J.","contributorId":13917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watras","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Read, J.S.","contributorId":34440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Read","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holman, K.D.","contributorId":60548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holman","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liu, Z.","contributorId":70943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Song, Y.-Y.","contributorId":77056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Song","given":"Y.-Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Watras, A.J.","contributorId":31315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watras","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Morgan, S.","contributorId":81026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stanley, E.H.","contributorId":18966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"E.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70059041,"text":"70059041 - 2014 - Isolation and molecular characterization of a novel picornavirus from baitfish in the USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-26T10:44:55","indexId":"70059041","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T11:25:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isolation and molecular characterization of a novel picornavirus from baitfish in the USA","docAbstract":"

During both regulatory and routine surveillance sampling of baitfish from the states of Illinois, Minnesota, Montana, and Wisconsin, USA, isolates (n = 20) of a previously unknown picornavirus were obtained from kidney/spleen or entire viscera of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and brassy minnows (Hybognathus hankinsoni). Following the appearance of a diffuse cytopathic effect, examination of cell culture supernatant by negative contrast electron microscopy revealed the presence of small, round virus particles (∼30–32 nm), with picornavirus-like morphology. Amplification and sequence analysis of viral RNA identified the agent as a novel member of the Picornaviridae family, tentatively named fathead minnow picornavirus (FHMPV). The full FHMPV genome consisted of 7834 nucleotides. Phylogenetic analysis based on 491 amino acid residues of the 3D gene showed 98.6% to 100% identity among the 20 isolates of FHMPV compared in this study while only 49.5% identity with its nearest neighbor, the bluegill picornavirus (BGPV) isolated from bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus). Based on complete polyprotein analysis, the FHMPV shared 58% (P1), 33% (P2) and 43% (P3) amino acid identities with BGPV and shared less than 40% amino acid identity with all other picornaviruses. Hence, we propose the creation of a new genus (Piscevirus) within the Picornaviridae family. The impact of FHMPV on the health of fish populations is unknown at present.

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Rebekah","contributorId":83837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCann","given":"Rebekah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ng, Terry Fei Fan","contributorId":47293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ng","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"Fei Fan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Puzach, Corey","contributorId":98220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puzach","given":"Corey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Waltzek, Thomas B.","contributorId":9574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waltzek","given":"Thomas B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Delwart, Eric","contributorId":99683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delwart","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Winton, James","contributorId":53897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Goyal, Sagar M.","contributorId":48006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goyal","given":"Sagar","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70111900,"text":"70111900 - 2014 - Status of forest birds on Rota, Mariana Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-07T11:00:13","indexId":"70111900","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T10:52:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"TR HCSU-048","title":"Status of forest birds on Rota, Mariana Islands","docAbstract":"

The western Pacific island of Rota is the third largest human inhabited island in the Mariana archipelago, and is designated an Endemic Bird Area. Between 1982 and 2012, 12 point-transect distance sampling surveys were conducted to assess population status. Surveys did not consistently sample the entire island; thus, we used a ratio estimator to estimate bird abundances in strata not sampled during every survey. Occupancy models of the 2012 survey revealed general patterns of habitat use and detectability among 11 species that could be reliably modeled. The endangered Mariana crow (Corvus kubaryi) was dispersed around the periphery of the island in steep forested habitats. In contrast, the endangered Rota white-eye (Zosterops rotensis) was restricted to the high-elevation mesa. Precision of detection probabilities and occupancy estimates and effects of habitat types, sampling conditions, and specific observers varied considerably among species, indicating that more narrowly defined classifications and additional observer training may improve the accuracy of predictive modeling. Population estimates of five out of ten native bird species, including collared kingfisher (Todiramphus chloris orii), Mariana crow, Mariana fruit-dove (Ptilinopus roseicapilla), Micronesian myzomela (Myzomela rubrata), and white-throated ground-dove (Gallicolumba xanthonura) declined over the 30-year time series. The crow declined sharply to fewer than 200 individuals (upper 95% confidence interval). Trends increased for Micronesian starling (Aplonis opaca), rufous fantail (Rhipidura rufifrons mariae), and white tern (Gygis alba). Rota white-eye numbers declined from 1982 to the late 1990s, but returned to 1980s levels by 2012. The trend for the yellow bittern (Ixobrychus sinensis) was inconclusive. The alien Eurasian tree sparrow (Passer montanus) apparently increased in number despite an unreliable trend assessment. Declines were noted in the other two alien birds, black drongo (Dicrurus macrocercus) and island collared-dove (Streptopelia bitorquata). Total bird densities on Rota were similar to those on Saipan and Tinian, which were lower than densities on Aguiguan. Overall, bird trends on Rota declined, whereas trends observed for the same period on Saipan and Tinian were mixed, and trends on Aguiguan were stable to increasing. We identified several sampling design and protocol procedures that may improve the precision of occupancy, status, and trend assessments. Continued monitoring and demographic sampling are needed to understand why most bird species on Rota are declining, to identify the causative agents, and to assess effectiveness of conservation actions for rare species, especially the Mariana crow.

","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit Technical Report","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Hawaii","publisherLocation":"Hilo, HI","usgsCitation":"Camp, R., Brinck, K., Gorresen, P.M., Amidon, F.A., Radley, P.M., Berkowitz, S., and Banko, P.C., 2014, Status of forest birds on Rota, Mariana Islands, vi, 97 p.","productDescription":"vi, 97 p.","numberOfPages":"105","ipdsId":"IP-054916","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289461,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288193,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://hilo.hawaii.edu/hcsu/publications.php"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Marianas Islands","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 145.120659,14.109592 ], [ 145.120659,14.201673 ], [ 145.2921,14.201673 ], [ 145.2921,14.109592 ], [ 145.120659,14.109592 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53bbc185e4b084059e8bff00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Camp, Richard J.","contributorId":27392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camp","given":"Richard J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brinck, Kevin W.","contributorId":78215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brinck","given":"Kevin W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gorresen, P. Marcos mgorresen@usgs.gov","contributorId":37020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorresen","given":"P.","email":"mgorresen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Marcos","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Amidon, Fred A.","contributorId":107200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amidon","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Radley, Paul M.","contributorId":7626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Radley","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Berkowitz, S. Paul","contributorId":44836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berkowitz","given":"S. Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Banko, Paul C. 0000-0002-6035-9803 pbanko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6035-9803","contributorId":3179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banko","given":"Paul","email":"pbanko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70148665,"text":"70148665 - 2014 - Modelling riverine habitat for robust redhorse: assessment for reintroduction of an imperilled species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-19T09:49:59","indexId":"70148665","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1659,"text":"Fisheries Management and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modelling riverine habitat for robust redhorse: assessment for reintroduction of an imperilled species","docAbstract":"

A critical component of a species reintroduction is assessment of contemporary habitat suitability. The robust redhorse, Moxostoma robustum (Cope), is an imperilled catostomid that occupies a restricted range in the south-eastern USA. A remnant population persists downstream of Blewett Falls Dam, the terminal dam in the Pee Dee River, North Carolina. Reintroduction upstream of Blewett Falls Dam may promote long-term survival of this population. Tillery Dam is the next hydroelectric facility upstream, which includes a 30 rkm lotic reach. Habitat suitability indices developed in the Pee Dee River were applied to model suitable habitat for proposed minimum flows downstream of Tillery Dam. Modelling results indicate that the Tillery reach provides suitable robust redhorse habitat, with spawning habitat more abundant than non-spawning habitat. Sensitivity analyses suggested that suitable water depth and substrate were limiting physical habitat variables. These results can inform decisions on flow regulation and guide planning for reintroduction of the robust redhorse and other species.

","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Science","publisherLocation":"Oxford, England","doi":"10.1111/fme.12050","collaboration":"North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; North Carolina State University; North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute","usgsCitation":"Fisk, J.M., Kwak, T.J., and Heise, R.J., 2014, Modelling riverine habitat for robust redhorse: assessment for reintroduction of an imperilled species: Fisheries Management and Ecology, v. 21, no. 1, p. 57-67, https://doi.org/10.1111/fme.12050.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"67","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-041530","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473190,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/fme.12050","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":301336,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55853d44e4b023124e8f5b18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fisk, J. M. III","contributorId":141230,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fisk","given":"J.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kwak, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0616-137X tkwak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0616-137X","contributorId":834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwak","given":"Thomas","email":"tkwak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heise, R. J.","contributorId":141231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heise","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70059576,"text":"70059576 - 2014 - Breaking the oceanic lithosphere of a subducting slab: the 2013 Khash, Iran earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-12T11:25:54","indexId":"70059576","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T10:42:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Breaking the oceanic lithosphere of a subducting slab: the 2013 Khash, Iran earthquake","docAbstract":"[1] Large intermediate depth, intraslab normal faulting earthquakes are a common, dangerous, but poorly understood phenomenon in subduction zones owing to a paucity of near field geophysical observations. Seismological and high quality geodetic observations of the 2013 Mw7.7 Khash, Iran earthquake reveal that at least half of the oceanic lithosphere, including the mantle and entire crust, ruptured in a single earthquake, confirming with unprecedented resolution that large earthquakes can nucleate in and rupture through the oceanic mantle. A rupture width of at least 55 km is required to explain both InSAR observations and teleseismic waveforms, with the majority of slip occurring in the oceanic mantle. Combining our well-constrained earthquake slip distributions with the causative fault orientation and geometry of the local subduction zone, we hypothesize that the Khash earthquake likely occurred as the combined result of slab bending forces and dehydration of hydrous minerals along a preexisting fault formed prior to subduction.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2013GL058096","usgsCitation":"Barnhart, W.D., Hayes, G.P., Samsonov, S., Fielding, E., and Seidman, L., 2014, Breaking the oceanic lithosphere of a subducting slab: the 2013 Khash, Iran earthquake: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 41, no. 1, p. 32-36, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058096.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"32","endPage":"36","ipdsId":"IP-053076","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280502,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280501,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058096"}],"country":"Iran","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 61.4548,27.4766 ], [ 61.4548,28.3116 ], [ 62.4957,28.3116 ], [ 62.4957,27.4766 ], [ 61.4548,27.4766 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"41","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52b95bbbe4b0a747b3e7e713","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnhart, William D. wbarnhart@usgs.gov","contributorId":5299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhart","given":"William","email":"wbarnhart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hayes, Gavin P. 0000-0003-3323-0112 ghayes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3323-0112","contributorId":842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Gavin","email":"ghayes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":487698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Samsonov, S.","contributorId":14726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samsonov","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fielding, E.","contributorId":51057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fielding","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Seidman, L.","contributorId":66166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seidman","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70106071,"text":"70106071 - 2014 - Litter quality versus soil microbial community controls over decomposition: a quantitative analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-19T10:35:15","indexId":"70106071","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Litter quality versus soil microbial community controls over decomposition: a quantitative analysis","docAbstract":"The possible effects of soil microbial community structure on organic matter decomposition rates have been widely acknowledged, but are poorly understood. Understanding these relationships is complicated by the fact that microbial community structure and function are likely to both affect and be affected by organic matter quality and chemistry, thus it is difficult to draw mechanistic conclusions from field studies. We conducted a reciprocal soil inoculum × litter transplant laboratory incubation experiment using samples collected from a set of sites that have similar climate and plant species composition but vary significantly in bacterial community structure and litter quality. The results showed that litter quality explained the majority of variation in decomposition rates under controlled laboratory conditions: over the course of the 162-day incubation, litter quality explained nearly two-thirds (64 %) of variation in decomposition rates, and a smaller proportion (25 %) was explained by variation in the inoculum type. In addition, the relative importance of inoculum type on soil respiration increased over the course of the experiment, and was significantly higher in microcosms with lower litter quality relative to those with higher quality litter. We also used molecular phylogenetics to examine the relationships between bacterial community composition and soil respiration in samples through time. Pyrosequencing revealed that bacterial community composition explained 32 % of the variation in respiration rates. However, equal portions (i.e., 16 %) of the variation in bacterial community composition were explained by inoculum type and litter quality, reflecting the importance of both the meta-community and the environment in bacterial assembly. Taken together, these results indicate that the effects of changing microbial community composition on decomposition are likely to be smaller than the potential effects of climate change and/or litter quality changes in response to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations or atmospheric nutrient deposition.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oecologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00442-013-2758-9","usgsCitation":"Cleveland, C.C., Reed, S.C., Keller, A.B., Nemergut, D.R., O’Neill, S.P., Ostertag, R., and Vitousek, P.M., 2014, Litter quality versus soil microbial community controls over decomposition: a quantitative analysis: Oecologia, v. 174, no. 1, p. 283-294, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-013-2758-9.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"283","endPage":"294","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-051378","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287281,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287275,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-013-2758-9"}],"volume":"174","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-09-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537b27fbe4b0929ba496ab98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cleveland, Cory C.","contributorId":10264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleveland","given":"Cory","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, Sasha C. 0000-0002-8597-8619 screed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-8619","contributorId":462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Sasha","email":"screed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keller, Adrienne B.","contributorId":62904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"Adrienne","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nemergut, Diana R.","contributorId":45634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nemergut","given":"Diana","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O’Neill, Sean P.","contributorId":32092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neill","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ostertag, Rebecca","contributorId":21864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostertag","given":"Rebecca","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Vitousek, Peter M.","contributorId":108401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vitousek","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70150331,"text":"70150331 - 2014 - Distal border fragments of the equine navicular bone: association between magnetic resonance imaging characteristics and clinical lameness","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-16T10:15:33","indexId":"70150331","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3903,"text":"Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distal border fragments of the equine navicular bone: association between magnetic resonance imaging characteristics and clinical lameness","docAbstract":"

Distal border fragments of the navicular bone are increasingly being detected due to the improved capabilities of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but their clinical significance remains unclear. The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe the location, size, and frequency of fragments in a cohort of horses presented for MRI of the foot and to compare MRI findings with severity of lameness. Archived MRI studies and medical records were searched from March 2006 to June 2008. Horses were included if a distal border fragment of the navicular bone was visible in MRI scans. Confidence interval comparisons and linear regression analyses were used to test hypotheses that fragments were associated with lameness and lameness severity was positively correlated with fragment volume and biaxial location. A total of 453 horses (874 limbs) were included. Fragments were identified in 60 horses (13.25%) and 90 limbs (10.3%). Fifty percent of the horses had unilateral fragments and 50% had bilateral fragments. Fragments were located at the lateral (62.2%), medial (8.89%), or medial and lateral (28.9%) angles of the distal border of the navicular bone. There was no increased probability of being categorized as lame if a fragment was present. There was no significant difference in fragment volume across lameness severity categorizations. Confidence intervals indicated a slightly increased probability of being classified as lame if both medial and lateral fragments were present. Findings indicated that distal border fragments of the navicular bone in equine MRI studies are unlikely to be related to existing lameness.

","language":"English","publisher":"American College of Veterinary Radiology","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/vru.12082","usgsCitation":"Yorke, E.H., Judy, C.E., Saveraid, T.C., McGowan, C., and Caldwell, F.J., 2014, Distal border fragments of the equine navicular bone: association between magnetic resonance imaging characteristics and clinical lameness: Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound, v. 55, no. 1, p. 35-44, https://doi.org/10.1111/vru.12082.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"44","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-034366","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306516,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c9cb32e4b08400b1fdb701","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yorke, Elizabeth H.","contributorId":146373,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yorke","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Judy, Carter E.","contributorId":146374,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Judy","given":"Carter","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Saveraid, Travis C.","contributorId":146375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saveraid","given":"Travis","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGowan, Conor P. 0000-0002-7330-9581 cmcgowan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7330-9581","contributorId":3381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGowan","given":"Conor P.","email":"cmcgowan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":556710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Caldwell, Fred J.","contributorId":146376,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70132335,"text":"70132335 - 2014 - Blocking and guiding adult sea lamprey with pulsed direct current from vertical electrodes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-28T17:30:26.264336","indexId":"70132335","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1661,"text":"Fisheries Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Blocking and guiding adult sea lamprey with pulsed direct current from vertical electrodes","docAbstract":"

Controlling the invasion front of aquatic nuisance species is of high importance to resource managers. We tested the hypothesis that adult sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), a destructive invasive species in the Laurentian Great Lakes, would exhibit behavioral avoidance to dual-frequency pulsed direct current generated by vertical electrodes and that the electric field would not injure or kill sea lamprey or non-target fish. Laboratory and in-stream experiments demonstrated that the electric field blocked sea lamprey migration and directed sea lamprey into traps. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and white sucker (Catostomus commersoni), species that migrate sympatrically with sea lamprey, avoided the electric field and had minimal injuries when subjected to it. Vertical electrodes are advantageous for fish guidance because (1) the electric field produced varies minimally with depth, (2) the electric field is not grounded, reducing power consumption to where portable and remote deployments powered by solar, wind, hydro, or a small generator are feasible, and (3) vertical electrodes can be quickly deployed without significant stream modification allowing rapid responses to new invasions. Similar dual-frequency pulsed direct current fields produced from vertical electrodes may be advantageous for blocking or trapping other invasive fish or for guiding valued fish around dams.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.fishres.2013.10.006","usgsCitation":"Johnson, N.S., Thompson, H.T., Holbrook, C., and Tix, J., 2014, Blocking and guiding adult sea lamprey with pulsed direct current from vertical electrodes: Fisheries Research, v. 150, p. 38-48, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2013.10.006.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"48","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049331","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296048,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Ocqueoc River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.18960571289062,\n 45.314494733802576\n ],\n [\n -84.0179443359375,\n 45.314494733802576\n ],\n [\n -84.0179443359375,\n 45.53617475484822\n ],\n [\n -84.18960571289062,\n 45.53617475484822\n ],\n [\n -84.18960571289062,\n 45.314494733802576\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"150","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5465d62fe4b04d4b7dbd6564","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Nicholas S. 0000-0002-7419-6013 njohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7419-6013","contributorId":597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nicholas","email":"njohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":522805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Henry T. 0000-0002-3730-9322 hthompson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3730-9322","contributorId":5028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Henry","email":"hthompson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":522806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holbrook, Christopher M. 0000-0001-8203-6856 cholbrook@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8203-6856","contributorId":4198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holbrook","given":"Christopher M.","email":"cholbrook@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":522807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tix, John A.","contributorId":126766,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tix","given":"John A.","affiliations":[{"id":6602,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center, Hammond Bay Biological Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":522808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70147100,"text":"70147100 - 2014 - Forecasting landscape effects of Mississippi River diversions on elevation and accretion in Louisiana deltaic wetlands under future environmental uncertainty scenarios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-28T08:57:31","indexId":"70147100","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forecasting landscape effects of Mississippi River diversions on elevation and accretion in Louisiana deltaic wetlands under future environmental uncertainty scenarios","docAbstract":"

Large sediment diversions are proposed and expected to build new wetlands to alleviate the extensive wetland loss (5,000 km2) affecting coastal Louisiana during the last 78 years. Current assessment and prediction of the impacts of sediment diversions have focused on the capture and dispersal of both water and sediment on the adjacent river side and the immediate outfall marsh area. However, little is known about the effects of sediment diversions on existing wetland surface elevation and vertical accretion dynamics in the receiving basin at the landscape scale. In this study, we used a spatial wetland surface elevation model developed in support of Louisiana's 2012 Coastal Master Plan to examine such landscape-scale effects of sediment diversions. Multiple sediment diversion projects were incorporated in the model to simulate surface elevation and vertical accretion for the next 50 years (2010-2060) under two environmental (moderate and less optimistic) scenarios. Specifically, we examined landscape-scale surface elevation and vertical accretion trends under diversions with different geographical locations, diverted discharge rates, and geomorphic characteristics of the receiving basin. Model results indicate that small diversions (< 283 m3 s-1) tend to have limited effects of reducing landscape-scale elevation loss (< 3%) compared to a future without action (FWOA) condition. Large sediment diversions (> 1,500 m3 s-1) are required to achieve landscape-level benefits to promote surface elevation via vertical accretion to keep pace with rising sea level.

","language":"English","publisher":"Estuarine and Brackish-water Sciences Association","publisherLocation":"London, England","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2013.12.020","usgsCitation":"Wang, H., Steyer, G.D., Couvillion, B.R., John M. Rybczyk, Beck, H.J., Sleavin, W.J., Ehab A. Meselhe, Allison, M.A., Boustany, R.G., Craig J. Fischenich, and Rivera-Monroy, V.H., 2014, Forecasting landscape effects of Mississippi River diversions on elevation and accretion in Louisiana deltaic wetlands under future environmental uncertainty scenarios: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 138, p. 57-68, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2013.12.020.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"68","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051034","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299907,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"138","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5540af2be4b0a658d79392a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Hongqing 0000-0002-2977-7732 wangh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2977-7732","contributorId":140432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Hongqing","email":"wangh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steyer, Gregory D. 0000-0001-7231-0110 steyerg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7231-0110","contributorId":2856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steyer","given":"Gregory","email":"steyerg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5064,"text":"Southeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5062,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Couvillion, Brady R. 0000-0001-5323-1687 couvillionb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5323-1687","contributorId":3829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Couvillion","given":"Brady","email":"couvillionb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"John M. Rybczyk","contributorId":140433,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"John M. Rybczyk","affiliations":[{"id":12723,"text":"Western Washington University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beck, Holly J. 0000-0002-0567-9329 hbeck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0567-9329","contributorId":5454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"Holly","email":"hbeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sleavin, William J. 0000-0002-1269-7525","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1269-7525","contributorId":140434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sleavin","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13498,"text":"Five Rivers Services, LLC.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ehab A. Meselhe","contributorId":140435,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ehab A. Meselhe","affiliations":[{"id":13499,"text":"The Water Institute of the Gulf","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Allison, Mead A.","contributorId":140436,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allison","given":"Mead","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13500,"text":"Tulane University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Boustany, Ronald G.","contributorId":140437,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boustany","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":13501,"text":"USDA NRCS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Craig J. Fischenich","contributorId":140438,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Craig J. Fischenich","affiliations":[{"id":13502,"text":"US Army Corps of Engineers","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Rivera-Monroy, Victor H.","contributorId":140439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rivera-Monroy","given":"Victor","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70135974,"text":"70135974 - 2014 - Marsh soils as potential sinks for Bacteroides fecal indicator bacteria, Waccamaw National Wildlife Refuge, Georgetown, SC, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-12T17:13:04","indexId":"70135974","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Marsh soils as potential sinks for Bacteroides fecal indicator bacteria, Waccamaw National Wildlife Refuge, Georgetown, SC, USA","title":"Marsh soils as potential sinks for Bacteroides fecal indicator bacteria, Waccamaw National Wildlife Refuge, Georgetown, SC, USA","docAbstract":"

A soil core collected in a tidal freshwater marsh in the Waccamaw National Wildlife Refuge (Georgetown, SC) exuded a particularly strong odor of cow manure upon extrusion. In order to test for manure and determine its provenance, we carried out microbial source tracking using DNA markers for Bacteroides, a noncoliform, anaerobic bacterial group that represents a broad group of the fecal population. Three core sections from 0-3 cm, 9-12 cm and 30-33 were analyzed for the presence of Bacteroides. The ages of core sediments were estimated using 210Pb and 137Cs dating. All three core sections tested positive for Bacteroides DNA markers related to cow or deer feces. Because cow manure is stockpiled, used as fertilizer, and a source of direct contamination in the Great Pee Dee River/Winyah Bay watershed, it is very likely the source of the Bacteroides that was deposited on the marsh. The mid-points of the core sections were dated as follows: 0-3 cm: 2009; 9-12 cm: 1999, and 30-33 cm: 1961. The presence of Bacteroides at different depths/ages in the soil profile indicates that soils in tidal freshwater marshes are, at the least, capable of being short-term sinks for Bacteroides and, may have the potential to be long-term sinks of stable, naturalized populations.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11270-013-1861-1","usgsCitation":"Drexler, J., Johnson, H., Duris, J.W., and Krauss, K.W., 2014, Marsh soils as potential sinks for Bacteroides fecal indicator bacteria, Waccamaw National Wildlife Refuge, Georgetown, SC, USA: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 225, p. 1-7, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-013-1861-1.","productDescription":"Article 1861; 7 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053177","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297076,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"Georgetown","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.57809448242188,\n 33.097294071891696\n ],\n [\n -79.57809448242188,\n 33.5608510182527\n ],\n [\n -79.013671875,\n 33.5608510182527\n ],\n [\n -79.013671875,\n 33.097294071891696\n ],\n [\n -79.57809448242188,\n 33.097294071891696\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"225","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2befe4b08de9379b3583","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drexler, Judith Z. 0000-0002-0127-3866 jdrexler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0127-3866","contributorId":1659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drexler","given":"Judith Z.","email":"jdrexler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Heather E.","contributorId":207837,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Heather E.","affiliations":[{"id":12456,"text":"former USGS scientist","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":744854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duris, Joseph W. 0000-0002-8669-8109 jwduris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8669-8109","contributorId":1981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duris","given":"Joseph","email":"jwduris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krauss, Ken W. 0000-0003-2195-0729 kraussk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":2017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"Ken","email":"kraussk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70102295,"text":"70102295 - 2014 - A radiogenic isotope tracer study of transatlantic dust transport from Africa to the Caribbean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-22T09:54:15","indexId":"70102295","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T09:45:49","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":924,"text":"Atmospheric Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A radiogenic isotope tracer study of transatlantic dust transport from Africa to the Caribbean","docAbstract":"Many studies have suggested that long-range transport of African desert dusts across the Atlantic Ocean occurs, delivering key nutrients and contributing to fertilization of the Amazon rainforest. Here we utilize radiogenic isotope tracers – Sr, Nd and Pb – to derive the provenance, local or remote, and pathways of dust transport from Africa to the Caribbean. Atmospheric total suspended particulate (TSP) matter was collected in 2008 on quartz fibre filters, from both sides of the Atlantic Ocean at three different locations: in Mali (12.6°N, 8.0°W; 555 m a.s.l.), Tobago (11.3°N, 60.5°W; 329 m a.s.l.) and the U.S. Virgin Islands (17.7°N, 64.6°W; 27 m a.s.l.). Both the labile phase, representative of the anthropogenic signal, and the refractory detrital silicate fraction were analysed. Dust deposits and soils from around the sampling sites were measured as well to assess the potential contribution from local sources to the mineral dust collected. The contribution from anthropogenic sources of Pb was predominant in the labile, leachate phase. The overall similarity in Pb isotope signatures found in the leachates is attributed to a common African source of anthropogenic Pb, with minor inputs from other sources, such as from Central and South America. The Pb, Sr and Nd isotopic compositions in the silicate fraction were found to be systematically more radiogenic than those in the corresponding labile phases. In contrast, Nd and Sr isotopic compositions from Mali, Tobago, and the Virgin Islands are virtually identical in both leachates and residues. Comparison with existing literature data on Saharan and Sahelian sources constrains the origin of summer dust transported to the Caribbean to mainly originate from the Sahel region, with some contribution from northern Saharan sources. The source regions derived from the isotope data are consistent with 7-day back-trajectory analyses, demonstrating the usefulness of radiogenic isotopes in tracing dust provenance and atmospheric transport.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Atmospheric Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.10.021","usgsCitation":"Kumar, A., Abouchami, W., Galer, S., Garrison, V., Williams, E., and Andreae, M., 2014, A radiogenic isotope tracer study of transatlantic dust transport from Africa to the Caribbean: Atmospheric Environment, v. 82, p. 130-143, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.10.021.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"130","endPage":"143","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-049234","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286483,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286481,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.10.021"}],"country":"Mali;Tobago;U.S. Virgin Islands","otherGeospatial":"Africa;Atlantic Ocean;Caribbean;Sahara;Sahel","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.0,-20.0 ], [ -80.0,40.0 ], [ 45.0,40.0 ], [ 45.0,-20.0 ], [ -80.0,-20.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"82","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53578f60e4b0938066bc81af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kumar, A.","contributorId":16140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kumar","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abouchami, W.","contributorId":103886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abouchami","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Galer, S.J.G.","contributorId":36860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galer","given":"S.J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garrison, V.H.","contributorId":70731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrison","given":"V.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Williams, E.","contributorId":15560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Andreae, M.O.","contributorId":29311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andreae","given":"M.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}