{"pageNumber":"1352","pageRowStart":"33775","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46734,"records":[{"id":61305,"text":"mf2081G - 1994 - Maps showing interpretation, using R-mode factor analysis, of trace-element abundances in heavy-mineral concentrate samples, Delta 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-01T19:04:20.674893","indexId":"mf2081G","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2081","chapter":"G","title":"Maps showing interpretation, using R-mode factor analysis, of trace-element abundances in heavy-mineral concentrate samples, Delta 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah","docAbstract":"A set of heavy-mineral concentrate data for the Delta 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah Conterminous U.S. Mineral Assessment Program (CUSMAP) project was compiled from results of analyses of samples collected during the National Uranium Resource Evaluation Program (SURE), as well as results obtained from samples collected more recently by the USGS. Data results, sampling methods, and analytical methods are provided in Abrogast and others, 1993; 1990; 1988a; 1988b). A similar report, discussing results obtained from stream-sediment samples, is presented in Zimbelman (1993a). The Delta 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah (figure 1) contains a variety of hydrothermal mineral deposit types, including porphyry-, vein-, replacement-, and Carlin-type deposits. These deposit types have been worked for commodities including gold, silver, beryllium, uranium, lead, zinc, copper, manganese, and cadmium (Lindsey, 1977; Morris and Mogensen, 1978; Zimbelman and others, 1990; Zimbelman and others, 1988). Heavy-mineral concentrate and stream-sediment samples derived from these hydrothermally altered rocks typically contain many geochemical anomalies (for example, see Zimbelman 1993b, c, d). Element associations characterizing lithology and hydrothermal mineral deposits can be distinguished using R-mode factor analysis. This tool often is useful in reconnaissance-scale surveys where sample anomalies are often weak. and single-element distributions may not help to delineate targets. R-mode factors analysis can help identify geologic trends and areas most likely to contain the mineral deposits. R-mode factor analysis was performed on a data set of results of analyses for 19 elements in 643 samples and produced a six-factor model. These six factors represent the geochemical contributions to the data set provided by lithologic and mineralization processes, The distribution of samples that contain high scores for mineralization-related factors is widespread in the Delta quadrangle. These sample sites are though to relate to both known prospect and mineralization areas, as well as define new areas that are geochemically favorable to contain altered or mineralized rocks.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf2081G","usgsCitation":"Zimbelman, D.R., 1994, Maps showing interpretation, using R-mode factor analysis, of trace-element abundances in heavy-mineral concentrate samples, Delta 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2081, 2 Plates: 43.24 x 59.05 inches and 44.52 x 58.91 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2081G.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 43.24 x 59.05 inches and 44.52 x 58.91 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":406086,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5688.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":186909,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf2081g.jpg"},{"id":284431,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2081-G/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":284432,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2081-G/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Utah","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.0,39.0 ], [ -114.0,40.0 ], [ -112.0,40.0 ], [ -112.0,39.0 ], [ -114.0,39.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6636e4b0b2908510096e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimbelman, David R.","contributorId":58253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimbelman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":54945,"text":"wdrPA931 - 1994 - Water resources data, Pennsylvania, water year 1993: Volume 1. Delaware River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-03T16:23:33.86084","indexId":"wdrPA931","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"PA-93-1","title":"Water resources data, Pennsylvania, water year 1993: Volume 1. Delaware River Basin","docAbstract":"<p>Water resources dan for the 1993 waxer year for Pennsylvania consist of records of discharge and waxer quality of streams; contents and elevations of lakes and reservoirs; and waxer levels and waxer quality of ground-water wells. This report, Volume 1, includes records from the Delaware River Basin. Specifically, Volume 1 contains (1) discharge records for 94 continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations and 25 partial-record stations; (2) elevation and contents records for 12 lakes and reservoirs; and (3) waxer-quality records for 33 gaging stations and 38 ungaged streamsites; and (4) waxer-level records for 17 observation wells. The location of these sites is shown in figures 6-9. Additional water data collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program are also presented. These data together with the data in Volumes 2 and 3, represent that part of the National Waxer Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State, local, and Federal agencies in Pennsylvania. <br></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrPA931","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources, the Philadelphia Water Department and with other State, municipal, and Federal agencies","usgsCitation":"Campbell, R., Druther, R., and Moleski, P., 1994, Water resources data, Pennsylvania, water year 1993: Volume 1. Delaware River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report PA-93-1, xiii, 299 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrPA931.","productDescription":"xiii, 299 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":497011,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1993/pa-93-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":177274,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1993/pa-93-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Delaware River 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,{"id":54969,"text":"wdrSC931 - 1994 - Water resources data, South Carolina, water year 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-24T13:29:33.572575","indexId":"wdrSC931","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"SC-93-1","title":"Water resources data, South Carolina, water year 1993","docAbstract":"<p>Water Resources data for the 1993 water year for South Carolina consists of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage and contents of lakes and reservoirs; and levels of ground-water wells. This volume contains records for water discharge at 121 gaging stations, stage only at 39 gaging stations, stage and contents at 12 lakes and reservoirs, water-quality at 34 gaging stations and at one observation well, water temperature at 18 gaging stations, and water levels at 32 observations wells. Also included are data for 80 crest-stage partial-record stations and discharge measurement information at 4 locations. Locations of these sites are shown on figures 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7. Additional water data were collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in South Carolina.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrSC931","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of South Carolina and with other agencies.","usgsCitation":"Bennett, C., Cooney, T., Jones, K., and Drewes, P., 1994, Water resources data, South Carolina, water year 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report SC-93-1, xii, 494 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrSC931.","productDescription":"xii, 494 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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,{"id":2439,"text":"wsp2357B - 1994 - Ground-water-quality assessment of the Central Oklahoma Aquifer, Oklahoma; analysis of available water-quality data through 1987","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":20390,"text":"ofr88728 - 1989 - Ground-water quality assessment of the central Oklahoma aquifer, Oklahoma - Analysis of available water-quality data through 1987","indexId":"ofr88728","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water quality assessment of the central Oklahoma aquifer, Oklahoma - Analysis of available water-quality data through 1987"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2439,"text":"wsp2357B - 1994 - Ground-water-quality assessment of the Central Oklahoma Aquifer, Oklahoma; analysis of available water-quality data through 1987","indexId":"wsp2357B","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Ground-water-quality assessment of the Central Oklahoma Aquifer, Oklahoma; analysis of available water-quality data through 1987"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-24T22:34:26.452319","indexId":"wsp2357B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2357","chapter":"B","title":"Ground-water-quality assessment of the Central Oklahoma Aquifer, Oklahoma; analysis of available water-quality data through 1987","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"National water-quality assessment - Central Oklahoma aquifer","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/wsp2357B","usgsCitation":"Parkhurst, D.L., Christenson, S.C., and Schlottmann, J.L., 1994, Ground-water-quality assessment of the Central Oklahoma Aquifer, Oklahoma; analysis of available water-quality data through 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2357, viii, 74 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2357B.","productDescription":"viii, 74 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":394792,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25488.htm"},{"id":28509,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2357b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138622,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2357b/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -97.675,\n              34.9320\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.767,\n              34.9320\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.767,\n              36\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.675,\n              36\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.675,\n              34.9320\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65a1f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parkhurst, David L. 0000-0003-3348-1544 dlpark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3348-1544","contributorId":1088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"David","email":"dlpark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":145205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christenson, Scott C. schris@usgs.gov","contributorId":980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christenson","given":"Scott","email":"schris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":145204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schlottmann, Jamie L.","contributorId":8830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlottmann","given":"Jamie","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":4349,"text":"cir1106 - 1994 - Mineral-resource assessments in Alaska; background information to accompany maps and reports about the geology and undiscovered-mineral-resource potential of the Mount Katmai Quadrangle and adjacent parts of the Naknek and Afognak quadrangles, Alaska Peninsula","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:21","indexId":"cir1106","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1106","title":"Mineral-resource assessments in Alaska; background information to accompany maps and reports about the geology and undiscovered-mineral-resource potential of the Mount Katmai Quadrangle and adjacent parts of the Naknek and Afognak quadrangles, Alaska Peninsula","docAbstract":"Geologic and geochemical field studies were carded out from 1983 to 1987 in the Mount Katmai l?x2 ? quadrangle and adjoining region, at the northeast end of the Alaska Peninsula. The region is nearly entirely within Katmai National Park and Preserve and has had almost no mineral production, so prior to this study there were few data by which to assess the mineral potential of the region. This report describes the folio of publications that have resulted from the study: geologic maps, geochemical results, fossil identifications, radiometric rock ages, and an assessment of the undiscovered-mineral-resource potential of the region. \r\n\r\nThe Katmai region is inferred to potentially have three types of undiscovered mineral deposits: porphyry copper (molybdenum), precious-metal vein, and hot-springs gold. These deposit types occur elsewhere on the Alaska Peninsula in similar geologic units. Evidence suggesting their occurrence in the Katmai region is the presence of trace amounts of metals typically associated with these kinds of deposits in bedrock of certain tracts and in sediments of streams draining those tracts. Magma to provide heat, fractures to provide pathways for mineralizing fluids, and altered rock are required by genetic models of these deposit types. Such features do occur in the Katmai tracts. Confirmation of any mineral deposit in the Katmai region requires detailed follow-up sampling and acquisition of subsurface information, which is beyond the scope of this study. However, producing porphyry deposits are unknown elsewhere on the Alaska Peninsula in similar rocks, so if any such deposits occur in the Katmai region, they are likely to be few in number. Conversely, vein deposits are typically small in size so there may be several of such deposits.\r\n\r\nThe properties and thermal history of the sedimentary rocks that could serve as reservoirs for oil or gas are unfavorable in adjacent regions. Thus the potential of the Katmai region for producible quantities of fossil fuels is low. In theory the region has shallow concentrations of geothermal fluids, but specific evidence for their presence is obscured by heavy precipitation and cold young rocks or deposits. Small volumes of coal occur at tidewater sites on the Pacific coast.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nFor sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Map Distribution,","doi":"10.3133/cir1106","usgsCitation":"Riehle, J., Church, S.E., Detterman, R.L., and Miller, J.W., 1994, Mineral-resource assessments in Alaska; background information to accompany maps and reports about the geology and undiscovered-mineral-resource potential of the Mount Katmai Quadrangle and adjacent parts of the Naknek and Afognak quadrangles, Alaska Peninsula: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1106, vi, 13 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1106.","productDescription":"vi, 13 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124430,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1994/1106/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31458,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1994/1106/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db648628","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riehle, J.R.","contributorId":73573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riehle","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Church, S. E.","contributorId":58260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Detterman, R. L.","contributorId":71525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Detterman","given":"R.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, J. W.","contributorId":62199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"J.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":25961,"text":"wri924046 - 1994 - Geohydrology and simulated ground-water flow in an irrigated area of northwestern Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T10:57:36","indexId":"wri924046","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4046","title":"Geohydrology and simulated ground-water flow in an irrigated area of northwestern Indiana","docAbstract":"<p>Water for irrigation in parts of Newton and Jasper Counties and adjacent areas of northwestern Indiana is pumped mostly from the carbonate- bedrock aquifer that underlies glacial drift. To help in managing the ground-water resources of the area, a three-dimensional ground-water model was developed and tested with hydrologic data collected during 1986 and 1988. Two major aquifers and a confining unit were identified. The surficial unconfined outwash aquifer consists of sand and some gravel. Saturated thickness averages about 30 feet. Estimated values of horizontal hydraulic conductivity and storage coefficient are 350 feet per day and 0.07, respectively. The generally continuous confining unit beneath the outwash aquifer is composed predominantly of till and lacustrine silt and clay and is 0 to 125 feet thick. The carbonate-bedrock aquifer is composed of Silurian and Devonian dolomitic limestone; dolomite and has a median transmissivity of 2,000 feet squared per day. A nine-layer digital model was developed to simulate flow in the ground-water system. The mean absolute errors for simulated water levels in the bedrock aquifer ranged from 5 to 7 feet for two recent periods of irrigation. The component of the flow system that most affects water-level drawdowns in the bedrock aquifer is the confining unit which controls the rate of leakage to the bedrock aquifer. The model is most accurate in areas for which data for confining-unit thickness and bedrock water levels are available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/wri924046","collaboration":"INDIANA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES","usgsCitation":"Arihood, L.D., and Basch, M., 1994, Geohydrology and simulated ground-water flow in an irrigated area of northwestern Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4046, v, 38 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924046.","productDescription":"v, 38 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","startPage":"1","endPage":"38","numberOfPages":"43","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":54711,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4046/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":118978,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4046/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Jasper, Newton","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -86.92108154296875,\n              41.24064190269477\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.9183349609375,\n              40.901057866884024\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.97052001953125,\n              40.901057866884024\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.96914672851562,\n              40.83563216247778\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.07901000976562,\n              40.831475967182925\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.07901000976562,\n              40.72956780913899\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.53082275390625,\n              40.730608477796636\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.5225830078125,\n              41.20655580884106\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.28225708007812,\n              41.225150426206326\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.2149658203125,\n              41.261291493919856\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.14080810546875,\n              41.3025710943056\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.099609375,\n              41.30050773444147\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.03506469726562,\n              41.272645986935586\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.978759765625,\n              41.24270715552139\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.92245483398438,\n              41.24787000204815\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.92108154296875,\n              41.24064190269477\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8c78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arihood, L. D. 0000-0001-5792-3699","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5792-3699","contributorId":74388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arihood","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Basch, M.E.","contributorId":106937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Basch","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26031,"text":"wri934102 - 1994 - Effects of controlled burning of chaparral on streamflow and sediment characteristics, East Fork Sycamore Creek, central Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:33","indexId":"wri934102","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4102","title":"Effects of controlled burning of chaparral on streamflow and sediment characteristics, East Fork Sycamore Creek, central Arizona","docAbstract":"The effects of controlled burning of part of a chaparral-covered drainage basin on streamflow and sediment characteristics were studied in the upper reaches of the Sycamore Creek basin in central Arizona. A paired-watershed method was used to analyze data collected in two phases separated by the controlled burning of 45 percent of the East Fork Sycamore Creek drainage basin by the U.S. Forest Service on October 31, 1981. Statistically significant increases in streamflow in East Fork occurred from October 26, 1982, through August 25, 1984. Streamflow for August 26, 1984, through the end of data collection for the study on May 31, 1986, was generally at or less than preburn levels. An increase in the percentage of time that flow occurred in East Fork was noted for water years 1983 and 1984. No increase in the magnitude of instantaneous peak flows as a result of the burn was discernable at statistically significant levels. Suspended-sediment yields computed for data collected during water year 1983 were significantly greater in the East Fork drainage basin, 546 tons per square mile, than in the West Fork drainage basin, 22.6 tons per square mile. Suspended-sediment yields computed for East Fork and West Fork for water year 1985, 38.3 and 13.3 tons per square mile, respectively, were much closer in yield. These more uniform yields indicate a possible return to preburn conditions. Data collection did not begin until 11 months after the burn; therefore, the largest increases in streamflow and sediment yields, which commonly occur during the year after a burn, may not have been measured. During the second through fourth years after the burn, smaller increases in stream- flow and sediment yields were found in this study than were found in similar studies in this region.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Books and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934102","usgsCitation":"Baldys, S., and Hjalmarson, H., 1994, Effects of controlled burning of chaparral on streamflow and sediment characteristics, East Fork Sycamore Creek, central Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4102, v, 33 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934102.","productDescription":"v, 33 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123531,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4102/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54811,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4102/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54812,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4102/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db615d78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldys, Stanley sbaldys@usgs.gov","contributorId":3366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldys","given":"Stanley","email":"sbaldys@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":195672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hjalmarson, H. W.","contributorId":95872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hjalmarson","given":"H. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":54946,"text":"wdrPA932 - 1994 - Water resources data, Pennsylvania, water year 1993. Volume 2. Susquehanna and Potomac River basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-14T19:20:16.201436","indexId":"wdrPA932","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"PA-93-2","title":"Water resources data, Pennsylvania, water year 1993. Volume 2. Susquehanna and Potomac River basins","docAbstract":"<p>Water resources data for the 1993 water year for Pennsylvania consist of records of discharge and water quality of streams; contents and elevations of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality of ground-water wells. This report, Volume 2, includes records from the Susquehanna and Potomac River Basins. Specifically, Volume 2 contains (1) discharge records for 97 continuous-record streamflow gaging stations and 39 partial-record stations; (2) elevation and contents records for 13 lakes and reservoirs; and (3) water-level records for 25 observation wells. The location of these sites is shown in figures 6-8. Additional water data collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program are also presented. These data together with the data in Volumes 1 and 3, represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State, local, and Federal agencies in Pennsylvania. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrPA932","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Baltimore District, the Susquehanna River Basin Commission, and with other State, municipal, and Federal agencies","usgsCitation":"Durlin, R., and Schaffstall, W., 1994, Water resources data, Pennsylvania, water year 1993. Volume 2. 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,{"id":70135638,"text":"70135638 - 1994 - Historical shoreline mapping (II): Application of the Digital Shoreline Mapping and Analysis Systems (DSMS/DSAS) to shoreline change mapping in Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T14:11:43","indexId":"70135638","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Historical shoreline mapping (II): Application of the Digital Shoreline Mapping and Analysis Systems (DSMS/DSAS) to shoreline change mapping in Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"<p><span>A new, state-of-the-art method for mapping historical shorelines from maps and aerial photographs, the Digital Shoreline Mapping System (DSMS), has been developed. The DSMS is a freely available, public domain software package that meets the cartographic and photogrammetric requirements of precise coastal mapping, and provides a means to quantify and analyze different sources of error in the mapping process. The DSMS is also capable of resolving imperfections in aerial photography that commonly are assumed to be nonexistent. The DSMS utilizes commonly available computer hardware and software, and permits the entire shoreline mapping process to be executed rapidly by a single person in a small lab. The DSMS generates output shoreline position data that are compatible with a variety of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). A second suite of programs, the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) has been developed to calculate shoreline rates-of-change from a series of shoreline data residing in a GIS. Four rate-of-change statistics are calculated simultaneously (end-point rate, average of rates, linear regression and jackknife) at a user-specified interval along the shoreline using a measurement baseline approach. An example of DSMS and DSAS application using historical maps and air photos of Punta Uvero, Puerto Rico provides a basis for assessing the errors associated with the source materials as well as the accuracy of computed shoreline positions and erosion rates. The maps and photos used here represent a common situation in shoreline mapping: marginal-quality source materials. The maps and photos are near the usable upper limit of scale and accuracy, yet the shoreline positions are still accurate &plusmn;9.25 m when all sources of error are considered. This level of accuracy yields a resolution of &plusmn;0.51 m/yr for shoreline rates-of-change in this example, and is sufficient to identify the short-term trend (36 years) of shoreline change in the study area.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Education and Research Foundation","usgsCitation":"Thieler, E.R., and Danforth, W.W., 1994, Historical shoreline mapping (II): Application of the Digital Shoreline Mapping and Analysis Systems (DSMS/DSAS) to shoreline change mapping in Puerto Rico: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 10, no. 3, p. 600-620.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"600","endPage":"620","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296680,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":345395,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://journals.fcla.edu/jcr/article/view/79433/76767"}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -67.313232421875,\n              18.61501328321048\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.2093505859375,\n              18.516074596589366\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.2313232421875,\n              17.910795834978483\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.39013671875,\n              17.910795834978483\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.313232421875,\n              18.61501328321048\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5490143ce4b058d886db1646","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thieler, E. Robert 0000-0003-4311-9717 rthieler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-9717","contributorId":2488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"E.","email":"rthieler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Danforth, William W. 0000-0002-6382-9487 bdanforth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6382-9487","contributorId":3292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danforth","given":"William","email":"bdanforth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":19085,"text":"ofr94325 - 1994 - U. S. Geological Survey Federal-State Cooperative Water-Resources Program Fiscal Year 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:24","indexId":"ofr94325","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-325","title":"U. S. Geological Survey Federal-State Cooperative Water-Resources Program Fiscal Year 1993","docAbstract":"The Federal-State Cooperative Program is a part- nership between the U.S. Geological Survey and State and local agencies. It provides a balanced approach to the study and resolution of water- related problems and to acquiring hydrologic data. The principal program objectives are to: (1) collect, on a systematic basis, data needed for the continuing determination and evaluation of the quantity, quality, and use of the Nation's water resources, and (2) appraise the availa- bility and the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of surface and ground water through analytical and interpretive investi- gations. During fiscal year 1993, hydrologic data collection, interpretive investigations, and research were conducted by Geological Survey personnel in offices in every State, Puerto Rico, and in several territories in cooperation with about 1,100 local, State, and regional agencies. In fiscal year 1993, Federal funding of $63.5 million was matched by cooperating agencies, which also provided almost $23 million unmatched for a total program of about $150 million. This amounted to nearly 40 percent of the total funds for Geological Survey water- resources activities. This report presents examples of current (1993) investigations. It also provides updated information on Cooperative Program investigations related to agricultural activities.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr94325","usgsCitation":"Gilbert, B., 1994, U. S. Geological Survey Federal-State Cooperative Water-Resources Program Fiscal Year 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-325, 45 p. ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94325.","productDescription":"45 p. ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151026,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0325/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48524,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0325/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698b0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilbert, B.K.","contributorId":32167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilbert","given":"B.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":20010,"text":"ofr93463 - 1994 - Hydrogeology and potential effects of changes in water use, Carson Desert agricultural area, Churchill County, Nevada","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":20010,"text":"ofr93463 - 1994 - Hydrogeology and potential effects of changes in water use, Carson Desert agricultural area, Churchill County, Nevada","indexId":"ofr93463","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrogeology and potential effects of changes in water use, Carson Desert agricultural area, Churchill County, Nevada"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2230,"text":"wsp2436 - 1996 - Hydrogeology and potential effects of changes in water use, Carson Desert agricultural area, Churchill County, Nevada","indexId":"wsp2436","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrogeology and potential effects of changes in water use, Carson Desert agricultural area, Churchill County, Nevada"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":2230,"text":"wsp2436 - 1996 - Hydrogeology and potential effects of changes in water use, Carson Desert agricultural area, Churchill County, Nevada","indexId":"wsp2436","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrogeology and potential effects of changes in water use, Carson Desert agricultural area, Churchill County, Nevada"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-17T15:24:15.4334","indexId":"ofr93463","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-463","title":"Hydrogeology and potential effects of changes in water use, Carson Desert agricultural area, Churchill County, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>Operating Criteria and Procedures established in 1988 for delivery of water for irrigation in the Newlands Project area include regulations and methods to increase Project efficiency. Public Law 101-618 of 1990 includes a target of 75-percent Project efficiency and a program of water-rights acquisition for wetlands maintenance. The directives could result in large reductions in water used for irrigation in the Carson Desert, potentially affecting ground-water supplies. Previous studies of the area have been evaluated to determine the current understanding of how aquifers are recharged, what controls the flow and quality of ground water, potential effects of changes in water use, and what additional information would be needed to quantify further changes in water use.</p><p>Inflow of surface water to the basin from Lahontan Reservoir averaged about 370,000 acre-ft/yr (acre-feet per year) from 1975 to 1992, supplying water for irrigation of more than 50,000 acres. More than half of the water released from the reservoir is lost to seepage, operational spills, and evaporation before delivery of about 170,000 acre-ft/yr to farm headgates. The volume of water delivered to farms that does not contribute to crop consumptive use (on-farm loss) is poorly known but could be as much as 60,000 acre-ft/yr. Consumptive use on irrigated land may be about 180,000 acre-ft/yr, of which 50,000 acre-ft/yr may be derived from the shallow aquifer. Outflow from irrigated land is a mixture of operational spill, runoff from irrigated fields, and ground-water seepage to drains. Total outflow averages about 170,000 to 190,000 acre-ft/yr. This water flows to wetlands at Carson Lake, Stillwater Wildlife Management Area, and Carson Sink. </p><p>Three sedimentary aquifers were previously defined in the basin: a shallow aquifer having highly variable lithology and water quality, an intermediate aquifer containing principally fresh water, and a deep aquifer having water of poor quality. The deep aquifer could possibly be divided into sedimentary and volcanic zones. In addition, a near-surface zone may exist near the top of the shallow aquifer where vertical flow is inhibited by underlying clay beds. A basalt aquifer near the center of the basin is the source of public supply and is recharged by the shallow, intermediate, and deep aquifers. Water levels in the basalt aquifer have declined about 10 feet from pre-pumping levels, and chloride and arsenic concentrations in the water have increased. The average depth to ground water has decreased beneath large areas of the Carson Desert since 1904 as a result of recharge of surface water used for irrigation. Ground water generally flows from west to east, and dissolvedsolids concentrations increase greatly near areas of ground-water discharge, where State of Nevada drinking-water standards commonly are exceeded. </p><p>Uncertainties in the rates of recharge to and discharge from the basin cause an imbalance in the calculated water budget. Estimates for total recharge range from 400,000 to 420,000 acreft/yr, whereas estimates for discharge range from 630,000 to 680,000 acre-ft/yr. Estimates of inflow to and outflow from aquifers of the study area are as follows: shallow aquifer, more than 120,000 acre-ft/yr; intermediate aquifer, possibly more than 25,000 acre-ft/yr; deep aquifer, unknown; and basalt aquifer, about 4,000 acre-ft/yr. Estimates for flow volumes to and from the shallow and intermediate aquifers are based on assumed aquifer properties and could be in error by an order of magnitude or more. <br></p><p>Conceptual models of the basin show that ground-water flow is downward from the shallow aquifer to the intermediate aquifer in the western part and near the center of the basin, and is upward in the eastern part of the basin. Little is known about flow in the deep aquifer. Nearsurface clay beds inhibit vertical flow near the center and eastern part of the basin except where breached by relict sand-filled channels of the Carson River.&nbsp;<br></p><p>Conceptual models of the basin show that changes in water use in the western part of the basin probably would affect recharge to the sedimentary and basalt aquifers. Near the center of the basin, water-use changes could affect the shallow and basalt aquifers but might have less effect on the intermediate aquifer. In the eastern part of the basin, changes could affect the shallow aquifer, but would probably not affect the intermediate or basalt aquifers. </p><p>If seepage is decreased by lining canals, and land is removed from production, water-level declines in the shallow aquifer could be greater than 10 feet as far as 2 miles from the lined canals. Depending upon the distribution of specific yield, decreasing recharge by 25,000 to 50,000 acre-ft/yr beneath 30,000 acres could cause water levels to decline from 4 to 17 feet. Where ground water supplements crop consumptive use, water levels could temporarily rise when land is removed from production. Where water is pumped from a near-surface zone of the shallow aquifer, water-level declines might not greatly affect pumped wells where the nearsurface zone is thickest, but could cause wells to go dry where the zone is thin. </p><p>The understanding of surface-water and ground-water relations, recharge and discharge of ground water, ground-water movement, and the potential effects of changes in water use in the Carson Desert can be refined by studying (1) the extent of potable water in the intermediate and basalt aquifers, (2) lithology and specific yield of aquifer materials, (3) data on ground-water levels and quality, and (4) data on surface-water flow and quality, as well as monitoring the effects of changes in water use as they take place. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr93463","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Maurer, D.K., Johnson, A.K., and Welch, A., 1994, Hydrogeology and potential effects of changes in water use, Carson Desert agricultural area, Churchill County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-463, Report: ix, 101 p.; 3 Plates: 28.70 x 31.65 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93463.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 101 p.; 3 Plates: 28.70 x 31.65 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":351002,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0463/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":351001,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0463/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":351000,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0463/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":350999,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0463/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":152523,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0463/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"150000","country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Churchill County","otherGeospatial":"Carson Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -118,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -118,\n              40\n            ],\n            [\n              -119,\n              40\n            ],\n            [\n              -119,\n              39\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625535","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maurer, Douglas K. dkmaurer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maurer","given":"Douglas","email":"dkmaurer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":181895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Ann K.","contributorId":12457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Welch, Alan H.","contributorId":45286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"Alan H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017648,"text":"70017648 - 1994 - Variations in the chemical and stable isotope composition of carbon and sulfur species during organic-rich sediment alteration: An experimental and theoretical study of hydrothermal activity at Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-21T01:07:22.321366","indexId":"70017648","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variations in the chemical and stable isotope composition of carbon and sulfur species during organic-rich sediment alteration: An experimental and theoretical study of hydrothermal activity at Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California","docAbstract":"<p>Organic-rich diatomaceous ooze was reacted with seawater and a Na-Ca-K-Cl fluid of seawater chlorinity at 325–400°C, 400–500 bars, and fluid/sediment mass ratios of 1.56–2.35 to constrain factors regulating the abundance and stable isotope composition of C and S species during hydrothermal alteration of sediment from Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California. Alteration of inorganic and organic sedimentary components resulted in extensive exchange reactions, the release of abundant H<sub>2</sub>S, CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, and C<sub>organic</sub>, to solution, and recrystallization of the sediment to an assemblage containing albitic plagioclase, quartz, pyrrhotite, and calcite.</p><p>The<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>&amp;#x3B4;</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>34</mn></msup><mtext>S</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn><mtext>cdt</mtext></mn></msub></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">δ<sup>34</sup>S<sub>cdt</sub></span></span></span><sub><span>&nbsp;</span></sub>values of dissolved H<sub>2</sub>S varied from −10.9 to +4.3‰ during seawater-sediment interaction at 325 and 400°C and from −16.5 to −9.0‰ during Na-Ca-K-Cl fluid-sediment interaction at 325 and 375°C. In the absence of seawater SO<sub>4</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>S is derived from both the transformation of pyrite to pyrrhotite and S released during the degradation of organic matter. In the presence of seawater SO<sub>4</sub>, reduction of SO<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>contributes directly to H<sub>2</sub>S production. Sedimentary organic matter acts as the reducing agent during pyrite and SO<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>reduction. Requisite acidity for the reduction of SO<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>is provided by Mg fixation during early-stage sediment alteration and by albite and calcite formation in Mg-free solutions.</p><p>Organically derived CH<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>was characterized by<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>&amp;#x3B4;</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>13</mn></msup><mtext>C</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn><mtext>pdb</mtext></mn></msub></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">δ13Cpdb</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;</span>values ranging between −20.8 and −23.1‰, whereas<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-3-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>&amp;#x3B4;</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>13</mn></msup><mtext>C</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn><mtext>pdb</mtext></mn></msub></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>pdb</sub></span></span></span><span>&nbsp;</span>values for dissolved C<sub>organic</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>ranged between −14.8 and −17.7%. Mass balance calculations indicate that<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup><i>C</i><span>&nbsp;</span>values for organically derived CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>were ≥ − 14.8%. Residual solid sedimentary organic C showed small (≤ 0.7‰) depletions in<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>13</sup>C relative to the starting sediment.</p><p>The experimental results are consistent with the isotopic and chemical composition of natural hydrothermal fluids and minerals at Guaymas Basin and permit us to better constrain sources and sinks for C and S species in subseafloor hydrothermal systems at sediment-covered spreading centers. Our data show that the sulfur isotope composition of hydrothermal Sulfide minerals in Guaymas Basin can be explained by derivation of S from diagenetic sulfide and seawater sulfate. Basaltic S may also contribute to hydrothermal sulfide precipitates but is not required to explain their isotopic composition. Estimates of seawater/ sediment mass ratios based on sulfur isotopic composition of sulfide minerals and the abundance of dissolved NH<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>in vent fluids range from 3–29 during hydrothermal circulation. Sources of C in Guaymas Basin hydrothermal fluids include thermal degradation of organic matter, bacteriogenic methane production, and dissolution of diagenetic carbonate.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(94)90232-1","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Seewald, J.S., Seyfried, W., and Shanks, W.C., 1994, Variations in the chemical and stable isotope composition of carbon and sulfur species during organic-rich sediment alteration: An experimental and theoretical study of hydrothermal activity at Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 58, no. 22, p. 5065-5082, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(94)90232-1.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"5065","endPage":"5082","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228764,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","state":"Baja California Sur","otherGeospatial":"Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.67490416942663,\n              28.487675483170577\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.55496941119057,\n              27.834030349102974\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.02071457904789,\n              27.292757359691393\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.34471866898996,\n              26.52467590032498\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.86497963604575,\n              25.986874495069387\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.33072480390307,\n              24.844542484073244\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.60021309464699,\n              24.189821136536423\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.77157294683352,\n              23.726782309173146\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.36815603276663,\n              23.866449220376992\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.19370547533245,\n              24.175175237579523\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.25912443437034,\n              24.6120862704565\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.74976662715433,\n              24.928885613395124\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.14228038138144,\n              25.363157215182227\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.32763409865541,\n              25.402559645339323\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.64382573400518,\n              26.03123930088701\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.65472889384493,\n              26.27591024307287\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.69052907861104,\n              27.414074612031058\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.875882795885,\n              27.704054907905473\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.8026513822548,\n              28.233685371432642\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.43503465295434,\n              28.55978698303599\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.67490416942663,\n              28.487675483170577\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc18de4b08c986b32a63b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seewald, Jeffrey S.","contributorId":16596,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seewald","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seyfried, W.E. Jr.","contributorId":15347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seyfried","given":"W.E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shanks, Wayne C. III","contributorId":100527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"Wayne","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":54637,"text":"wdrLA931 - 1994 - Water resources data, Louisiana, water year 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-21T15:08:12.226516","indexId":"wdrLA931","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"LA-93-1","title":"Water resources data, Louisiana, water year 1993","docAbstract":"<p>Water resources data for the 1993 water year for Louisiana consists of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs: and water levels and water quality of ground water. This report contains records for water discharge at 57 gaging stations; stage only for 36 gaging stations and 6 lakes; water quality for 52 surface-water stations (including 30 gaging stations) and 107 wells; and water levels for 226 observation wells. Also included are data for 113 crest-stage and flood-profile partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Louisiana.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrLA931","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Louisiana and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Dantin, L., Garrison, C., and Lovelace, W., 1994, Water resources data, Louisiana, water year 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report LA-93-1, xviii, 458 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrLA931.","productDescription":"xviii, 458 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":492631,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1993/la-93-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":177561,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1993/la-93-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":30168,"text":"wri934081 - 1994 - Instrumentation, methods, and preliminary evaluation of evapotranspiration for a grassland in the Arid Lands Ecology Reserve, Benton County, Washington, May-October 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:50","indexId":"wri934081","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4081","title":"Instrumentation, methods, and preliminary evaluation of evapotranspiration for a grassland in the Arid Lands Ecology Reserve, Benton County, Washington, May-October 1990","docAbstract":"The report describes instrumentation, methods, and preliminary results for a study on evapo- transpiration at a grassland in Snively Basin of the Arid Lands Ecology Reserve. Instrumentation was used to collect data from May 30 to October 15, 1990. A combination of the Bowen-ratio and Penman-Monteith methods was used to calculate estimates of evapotranspiration. The Bowen-ratio method could be used to calculate estimates of latent-heat flux and evapotranspiration during only parts of the study period. Latent-heat flux values obtained during these periods were used in the Penman-Monteith method to estimate the canopy resistance. These canopy resistances were averaged for each day and the average values were used to recalculate the laten-heat flux for all periods using the Penman-Monteith method. The canopy resistance ranged from near zero during periods of rainfall to more than 40,000 seconds per meter during periods of extreme dryness. Evapotranspiration estimates varied during the study period. Daily evapotranspiration ranged from less than 0.1 millimeter on some days in August, September, and October to about 2 milli- meters on June 3 and August 22. Monthly totals of evapotranspiration were as follows: June, 28.2 millimeters; July, 10.5 millimeters; August, 15.0 millimeters; September, 5.3 millimeters; and October 1-15, 1.8 millimeters. Evapotranspiration values given in the report are estimates. Some error, perhaps as low as 25 percent on a daily basis and 4 percent on a monthly total basis, is probably introduced into these estimates through complexities of data collection, data analysis, and canopy-resistance estimation, particularly when evapotranspiration was near zero.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934081","usgsCitation":"Tomlinson, S.A., 1994, Instrumentation, methods, and preliminary evaluation of evapotranspiration for a grassland in the Arid Lands Ecology Reserve, Benton County, Washington, May-October 1990: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4081, iv, 32 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934081.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121824,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4081/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58969,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4081/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49b4e4b07f02db5cabd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tomlinson, S. A.","contributorId":98770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomlinson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1003637,"text":"1003637 - 1994 - Use of sentinel mallards for epizootiologic studies of avian botulism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-18T11:24:38","indexId":"1003637","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of sentinel mallards for epizootiologic studies of avian botulism","docAbstract":"<p>Captive-reared mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) were used as sentinels to study the epizootiology of avian botulism at the Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge, Willows, California (USA) from 1986 to 1989. Sentinel mallards were wing-clipped, and 40 to 50 birds were confined in 1.6-ha enclosures in 11 selected wetlands (pools). Enclosures were searched intensively three to four times weekly from July through October. Sick and dead wild and sentinel birds were collected, necropsied, and tested for type C botulism toxin. Botulism epizootics occurred in sentinel mallards in 1986, 1987, and 1989, but only a few isolated cases of botulism were detected in 1988. In most epizootics, botulism also was detected simultaneously in wild birds using the same pool outside the enclosure. Epizootics in sentinels were initiated and perpetuated in the absence of vertebrate carcasses. A sex-specific trend in the probability of intoxication was detected, with males contracting botulism at a higher rate than females. Daily mortality rates of sentinels during botulism epizootics ranged from 0.0006 to 0.0600, with a mean of 0.0190. These rates would result in the daily loss of 0.6 to 60 birds per thousand at risk. The use of sentinel birds provided an effective means of gathering site-specific epizootiologic data.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-30.4.514","usgsCitation":"Rocke, T., and Brand, C.J., 1994, Use of sentinel mallards for epizootiologic studies of avian botulism: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 30, no. 4, p. 514-522, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-30.4.514.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"514","endPage":"522","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480255,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-30.4.514","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":134072,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Sacramento","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.19955444335938,\n              39.35261775357708\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.19955444335938,\n              39.469330027492575\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.1229934692383,\n              39.469330027492575\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.1229934692383,\n              39.35261775357708\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.19955444335938,\n              39.35261775357708\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db60438d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rocke, Tonie E. 0000-0003-3933-1563","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-1563","contributorId":88680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocke","given":"Tonie E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brand, C. J.","contributorId":8788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brand","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":54320,"text":"wdrIL931 - 1994 - Water Resources Data, Illinois, Water Year 1993, Vol. 1","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:51","indexId":"wdrIL931","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"IL-93-1","title":"Water Resources Data, Illinois, Water Year 1993, Vol. 1","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrIL931","usgsCitation":"Maurer, J., Wicker, T., and LaTour, J., 1994, Water Resources Data, Illinois, Water Year 1993, Vol. 1: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report IL-93-1, NA, https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrIL931.","productDescription":"NA","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":175210,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb926","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maurer, J.C.","contributorId":70467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maurer","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wicker, T.L.","contributorId":83994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicker","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LaTour, J.K.","contributorId":30257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaTour","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":68385,"text":"ha727 - 1994 - Deuterium content of water from wells and perennial springs, southeastern California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":17055,"text":"ofr91470 - 1992 - Deuterium content of water from wells and perennial springs, southeastern California","indexId":"ofr91470","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Deuterium content of water from wells and perennial springs, southeastern California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":68385,"text":"ha727 - 1994 - Deuterium content of water from wells and perennial springs, southeastern California","indexId":"ha727","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"title":"Deuterium content of water from wells and perennial springs, southeastern California"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-28T11:31:31","indexId":"ha727","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"727","title":"Deuterium content of water from wells and perennial springs, southeastern California","docAbstract":"<p>The areal distribution of the concentrations of the stable isotopes deuterium and oxygen-18 in ground water in southeastern California is depicted and evaluated in this report. The deuterium content of about 300 ground-water samples and the oxygen-18 content of 101 of these samples are presented. Thirty-two of the samples were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1977&ndash;78 as part of a study to determine the mineral and brine potential of playa lakes in selected basins in southeastern California. Most of the remaining samples were collected during the winters and springs of 1981 and 1982 as part of the Climate Change Program of the Geological Survey. Selected additional samples were collected through 1986. Stable-isotope data from three previous studies also have been included. These data are for 19 samples from the Coso thermal area east of the southern Sierra Nevada (Fournier and Thompson, 1980, tables 1,2), 5 samples from areas in Nevada just east of Death Valley (Winograd and Friedman, 1972, table 1), and 9 samples from the Imperial Valley (Coplen, 1971, table 1). Also presented for comparison are weighted averages of deuterium content of recent precipitation collected for this report at 32 stations over the 7-year period from April 1982 to April 1989 (Irving Friedman and G.I. Smith, U.S. Geological Survey, written commun., 1989).</p>","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ha727","usgsCitation":"Gleason, J., Veronda, G., Smith, G., Friedman, I., and Martin, P.M., 1994, Deuterium content of water from wells and perennial springs, southeastern California: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 727, 1 map :col. ;65 x 49 cm. on sheet 122 x 89 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ha727.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;65 x 49 cm. on sheet 122 x 89 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185614,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":89885,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/727/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"1000000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119,33 ], [ -119,37 ], [ -11.833333333333334,37 ], [ -11.833333333333334,33 ], [ -119,33 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667332","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gleason, J.D.","contributorId":27072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gleason","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Veronda, Guida","contributorId":55429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veronda","given":"Guida","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, G.I.","contributorId":103694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Friedman, Irving","contributorId":90664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Irving","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Martin, P. M.","contributorId":39003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70016706,"text":"70016706 - 1994 - Volume of magma accumulation or withdrawal estimated from surface uplift or subsidence, with application to the 1960 collapse of Kilauea volcano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:50","indexId":"70016706","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volume of magma accumulation or withdrawal estimated from surface uplift or subsidence, with application to the 1960 collapse of Kilauea volcano","docAbstract":"An elastic point source model proposed by Mogi for magma chamber inflation and deflation has been applied to geodetic data collected at many volcanoes. The volume of ground surface uplift or subsidence estimated from this model is closely related to the volume of magma injection into or withdrawal from the reservoir below. The analytical expressions for these volumes are reviewed for a spherical chamber and it is shown that they differ by the factor 2(1-v), where v is Poisson's ratio of the host rock. For the common estimate v=0.25, as used by Mogi and subsequent workers, the uplift volume is 3/2 the injection volume. For highly fractured rocks, v can be even less and the uplift volume can approach twice the injection volume. Unfortunately, there is no single relation between the inflation of magma reservoirs and the dilation or contraction of host rocks. The inflation of sill-like bodies, for instance, generates no overall change in host rock volume. Inflation of dike-like bodies generates contraction such that, in contrast with Mogi's result, the uplift volume is generally less than the injection volume; for v=0.25, the former is only 3/4 of the latter. Estimates of volumes of magma injection or withdrawal are there-fore greatly dependent on the magma reservoir configuration. Ground surface tilt data collected during the 1960 collapse of Kilauea crater, one of the first events interpreted with Mogi's model and one of the largest collapses measured at Kilauea, is not favored by any one of a variety of deformation models. These models, however, predict substantially different volumes of both magma withdrawal and ground surface subsidence. ?? 1994 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00302823","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Delaney, P., and McTigue, D., 1994, Volume of magma accumulation or withdrawal estimated from surface uplift or subsidence, with application to the 1960 collapse of Kilauea volcano: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 56, no. 6-7, p. 417-424, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00302823.","startPage":"417","endPage":"424","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205533,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00302823"},{"id":224699,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"6-7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc363e4b08c986b32b13d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Delaney, P.T.","contributorId":69980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delaney","given":"P.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McTigue, D.F.","contributorId":57605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McTigue","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":54427,"text":"wdrCA931 - 1994 - Water Resources Data, California, Water Year 1993. Volume 1. Southern Great Basin from Mexican Border to Mono Lake Basin, and Pacific Slope Basins from Tijuana River to Santa Maria River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-20T01:01:36","indexId":"wdrCA931","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"CA-93-1","title":"Water Resources Data, California, Water Year 1993. Volume 1. Southern Great Basin from Mexican Border to Mono Lake Basin, and Pacific Slope Basins from Tijuana River to Santa Maria River","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 1993 water year for California consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage and contents in lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality in wells. Volume 1 contains (1) discharge records for 156 streamflow-gaging stations, 12 crest-stage partial-record streamflow stations, and 5 miscellaneous measurement stations; (2) stage and contents records for 26 lakes and reservoirs; (3) water-quality records for 17 streamflow-gaging stations and 6 partial-record stations; and (4) precipitation records for 10 stations . These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in California.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrCA931","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Department of Water Resources and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Mullen, J., Hayes, P., and Agajanian, J., 1994, Water Resources Data, California, Water Year 1993. Volume 1. Southern Great Basin from Mexican Border to Mono Lake Basin, and Pacific Slope Basins from Tijuana River to Santa Maria River (Legacy Report): U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report CA-93-1, xvii, 440 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrCA931.","productDescription":"xvii, 440 p.","temporalStart":"1992-10-01","temporalEnd":"1993-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":631,"text":"Water Resources Division-California District","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257698,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wdr_CA_93_1.jpg"},{"id":174278,"rank":0,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1993/ca-93/WDR-1993-vol1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Southern Great Basin;Mono Lake Basin;Pacific Slope Basins;Tijuana River;Santa Maria River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.4,32.5 ], [ -124.4,42 ], [ -114.13333333333334,42 ], [ -114.13333333333334,32.5 ], [ -124.4,32.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Legacy Report","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbfaf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mullen, J.R.","contributorId":92683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullen","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hayes, P.D.","contributorId":52644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Agajanian, J.A.","contributorId":73669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agajanian","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":20676,"text":"ofr94446 - 1994 - Planktic foraminifer census data from site RC-15-62 and Ocean Drilling Program holes 747A and 751A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:46","indexId":"ofr94446","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-446","title":"Planktic foraminifer census data from site RC-15-62 and Ocean Drilling Program holes 747A and 751A","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr94446","usgsCitation":"Robinson, M., and Brown, S., 1994, Planktic foraminifer census data from site RC-15-62 and Ocean Drilling Program holes 747A and 751A: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-446, 6 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94446.","productDescription":"6 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153143,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0446/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50200,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0446/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db6855a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, M.M.","contributorId":56263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, S.L.","contributorId":100154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":54428,"text":"wdrCA932 - 1994 - Water Resources Data, California, Water Year 1993. Volume 2. Pacific Slope Basins from Arroyo Grande to Oregon State Line except Central Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-01T01:01:51","indexId":"wdrCA932","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"CA-93-2","title":"Water Resources Data, California, Water Year 1993. Volume 2. Pacific Slope Basins from Arroyo Grande to Oregon State Line except Central Valley","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 1993 water year for California consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage and contents in lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality in wells. Volume 2 contains discharge records for 119 streamflow-gaging stations, 1 low-flow partial-record streamflow station, and 6 miscellaneous measurement stations; stage and contents records for 6 lakes and reservoirs; precipitation records for 3 stations; and water-quality records for 31 streamflow-gaging stations. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and with other agencies.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Sacramento, CA","doi":"10.3133/wdrCA932","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Department of Water Resources and with other agencies.","usgsCitation":"Palmer, J.R., Friebel, M., Trujillo, L., and Markham, K., 1994, Water Resources Data, California, Water Year 1993. Volume 2. Pacific Slope Basins from Arroyo Grande to Oregon State Line except Central Valley (Legacy Report): U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report CA-93-2, xviii, 391 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrCA932.","productDescription":"xviii, 391 p.","numberOfPages":"416","costCenters":[{"id":631,"text":"Water Resources Division-California District","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":174279,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wdr_CA_93_2.jpg"},{"id":260098,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1993/ca-93/WDR-1993-vol2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Arroyo Grande;Pacific Slope Basins","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.75,32.5 ], [ -120.75,38.166666666666664 ], [ -114.13333333333334,38.166666666666664 ], [ -114.13333333333334,32.5 ], [ -120.75,32.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Legacy Report","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fc168","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Palmer, J. R.","contributorId":83559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmer","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friebel, M.F.","contributorId":23207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friebel","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trujillo, L.F.","contributorId":71959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trujillo","given":"L.F.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":250334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Markham, K.L.","contributorId":14041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markham","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":44361,"text":"ofr9414B - 1994 - Principal facts for gravity data in the Bethel and Russian Mission 1 degree x 3 degrees quadrangles, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-15T16:57:28.573479","indexId":"ofr9414B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-14","chapter":"B","title":"Principal facts for gravity data in the Bethel and Russian Mission 1 degree x 3 degrees quadrangles, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9414B","collaboration":"The USGS does not provide technical support for the software associated with this publication.","usgsCitation":"Morin, R.L., 1994, Principal facts for gravity data in the Bethel and Russian Mission 1 degree x 3 degrees quadrangles, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-14, 1 CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9414B.","productDescription":"1 CD-ROM","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":168049,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":432790,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0014-a/ofr9414A,B.zip","text":"CD-ROM ofr9414A,B","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -129.7635812346696,\n              72.81739131372794\n            ],\n            [\n              -181.46886449635872,\n              72.81739131372794\n            ],\n            [\n              -181.46886449635872,\n              51.45431066869793\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.7635812346696,\n              51.45431066869793\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.7635812346696,\n              72.81739131372794\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db668cf6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morin, Robert L.","contributorId":82671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017068,"text":"70017068 - 1994 - Geochemical evolution of groundwater in the Culebra dolomite near the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, southeastern New Mexico, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-22T11:26:53.155498","indexId":"70017068","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical evolution of groundwater in the Culebra dolomite near the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, southeastern New Mexico, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Culebra Dolomite Member of the Rustler Formation, a thin (10 m) fractured dolomite aquifer, lies approximately 450 m above the repository horizon of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) in southeastern New Mexico, USA. Salinities of water in the Culebra range roughly from 10,000 to 200,000 mg/L within the WIPP site. A proposed model for the post-Pleistocene hydrochemical evolution of the Culebra tentatively identifies the major sources and sinks for many of the groundwater solutes. Reaction-path simulations with the PHRQPITZ code suggest that the Culebra dolomite is a partial chemical equilibrium system whose composition is controlled by an irreversible process (dissolution of evaporites) and equilibrium with gypsum and calcite. Net geochemical reactions along postulated modern flow paths, calculated with the NETPATH code, include dissolution of halite, carbonate and evaporite salts, and ion exchange. R-mode principal component analysis revealed correlations among the concentrations of Si, Mg, pH, Li, and B that are consistent with several clay-water reactions. The results of the geochemical calculations and mineralogical data are consistent with the following hydrochemical model:</span></p><ul class=\"list\"><li class=\"react-xocs-list-item\"><span class=\"list-label\">1. </span>solutes are added to the Culebra by dissolution of evaporite minerals</li><li class=\"react-xocs-list-item\"><span class=\"list-label\">2. </span>the solubilities of gypsum and calcite increase as the salinity increases; these minerals dissolve as chemical equilibrium is maintained between them and the groundwater</li><li class=\"react-xocs-list-item\"><span class=\"list-label\">3. </span>equilibrium is not maintained between the waters and dolomite; sufficient Mg is added to the waters by dissolution of accessory carnallite or polyhalite such that the degree of dolomite supersaturation increases with ionic strength</li><li class=\"react-xocs-list-item\"><span class=\"list-label\">4. </span>clays within the fractures and rock matrix exert some control on the distribution of Li, B, Mg, and Si via sorption, ion exchange, and dissolution.</li></ul>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(94)90012-4","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Siegel, M., and Anderholm, S., 1994, Geochemical evolution of groundwater in the Culebra dolomite near the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, southeastern New Mexico, USA: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 58, no. 10, p. 2299-2323, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(94)90012-4.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"2299","endPage":"2323","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224914,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Delaware Basin, Rustler Formation","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.83527231807984,\n              31.999507260035358\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.06136883545061,\n              31.999507260035358\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.06136883545061,\n              32.76223573754362\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.83527231807984,\n              32.76223573754362\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.83527231807984,\n              31.999507260035358\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1637e4b0c8380cd550c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Siegel, M.D.","contributorId":64395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siegel","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderholm, S.","contributorId":20912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderholm","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":44323,"text":"ofr94182B - 1994 - Analytical data for stream sediment, heavy-mineral concentrate, and outcrop samples, Sur Medio region, departments of Ica, Ayacucho, and Huancavelica, Peru; Part B, Printout of analytical data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:00","indexId":"ofr94182B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-182","chapter":"B","title":"Analytical data for stream sediment, heavy-mineral concentrate, and outcrop samples, Sur Medio region, departments of Ica, Ayacucho, and Huancavelica, Peru; Part B, Printout of analytical data","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr94182B","usgsCitation":"Learned, R.E., Long, K.R., Turner, R.L., Rios C., C., and Rodriguez C., J., 1994, Analytical data for stream sediment, heavy-mineral concentrate, and outcrop samples, Sur Medio region, departments of Ica, Ayacucho, and Huancavelica, Peru; Part B, Printout of analytical data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-182, 2 v. : map ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94182B.","productDescription":"2 v. : map ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":169204,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0182b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":81650,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0182b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acee4b07f02db67fd58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Learned, Robert Eugene","contributorId":11627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Learned","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Eugene","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, K. R.","contributorId":94658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turner, R. L.","contributorId":93903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rios C., Cesar","contributorId":95945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rios C.","given":"Cesar","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rodriguez C., Joe","contributorId":39438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez C.","given":"Joe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":20090,"text":"ofr9483 - 1994 - Biology as an integrated component of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:43","indexId":"ofr9483","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-83","title":"Biology as an integrated component of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey?s (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program is designed to integrate chemical, physical, and biological data to assess the status of and trends in the Nation?s water quality at local, regional, and national levels. The Program consists of 60 study units (major river basins and large parts of aquifers) located throughout the Nation (fig. 1). Data are collected at stream, river, and ground-water sites that represent the Nation?s mix of major natural and human factors that influence water quality. Biological data are collected from streams and rivers, and include (1) fish and other aquatic organisms whose tissues are analyzed for a wide array of chemical contaminants; (2) characterizations of algal, benthic invertebrate, and fish communities; and (3) characterizations of vegetation growing in streams and along streambanks. These biological data are collected in conjunction with physical (streamflow, characterizations of instream, bank, and flood-plain habitats) and chemical data.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/ofr9483","usgsCitation":"Meador, M., and Gurtz, M.E., 1994, Biology as an integrated component of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-83, 4 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9483.","productDescription":"4 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0083/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49641,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0083/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db6231db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meador, Michael R. mrmeador@usgs.gov","contributorId":615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meador","given":"Michael R.","email":"mrmeador@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":182043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gurtz, Martin E. megurtz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gurtz","given":"Martin","email":"megurtz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":182044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}