Northern squawfish, Ptychocheilus oregonensis (live weight range 0.361–1.973 kg), O2consumption was measured with temperature-controlled, flow-through respirometers for >24 h. Mean standard O2 consumption rate of northern squawfish increased with acclimation temperature: 24.3, 49.1, 75.0, and 89.4 mg∙kg−0.67∙h−1 at 9, 15, 18, and 21 °C, respectively. Q10analysis showed that O2 consumption rate temperature sensitivity was greatest at the intermediate acclimation temperatures (15–18 °C, Q10 = 4.10), moderate at the lower acclimation temperatures (9–15 °C, Q10 = 3.23), and lowest at the higher acclimation temperatures (18–21 °C, Q10 = 1.80). Overall Q10 was 2.96 (9–21 °C). Body size (W, grams) and temperature (T, degrees Celcius) were related to O2 consumption (![\"\"](\"http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/na101/home/literatum/publisher/nrc/journals/content/cjfas/1994/cjfas5101/f94-002/production/images/medium/f94-002c1.gif\")
, grams per gram per day) by ![\"\"](\"http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/na101/home/literatum/publisher/nrc/journals/content/cjfas/1994/cjfas5101/f94-002/production/images/medium/f94-002c2.gif\")
W−0.285∙e0.105T. Northern squawfish red to white muscle ratios significantly exceeded those of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, in cross sections at 50 and 75% of standard length. High metabolic rates and red to white muscle ratios argue for comparability of northern squawfish with active predators such as sympatric rainbow trout.
The dynamics of mitochondrial and multilocus nuclear genotypic frequencies were monitored for 2 yr in experimental populations established with equal numbers of two poeciliid fishes (Gambusia affinis and Gambusia holbrooki) that hybridize naturally in the southeastern United States. In replicated \"small-pool\" populations (experiment I), 1018 sampled individuals at six time periods revealed an initial flush of hybridization, followed by a rapid decline in frequencies of G. affinis nuclear and mitochondrial alleles over 64 wk. Decay of gametic and cytonuclear disequilibria differed from expectations under random mating as well as under a model of assortative mating involving empirically estimated mating propensities. In two replicate \"large-pond\" populations (experiment II), 841 sampled individuals across four reproductive cohorts revealed lower initial frequencies of F1 hybrids than in experiment I, but again G. holbrooki alleles achieved high frequencies over four generations (72 wk). Thus, evolution within experimental Gambusia hybrid populations can be extremely rapid, resulting in consistent loss of G. affinis nuclear and cytoplasmic alleles. Concordance in results between experiments and across genetic markers suggests strong directional selection favoring G. holbrooki genotypes. Results are interpreted in light of previous reports of genotype-specific differences in life-history traits, reproductive ecology, patterns of recruitment, and size-specific mortality, and in the context of patterns of introgression previously studied indirectly from spatial observations on cytonuclear genotypes in natural Gambusia populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Evolution","doi":"10.2307/2410011","usgsCitation":"Scribner, K.T., and Avise, J.C., 1994, Population cage experiments with a vertebrate: The temporal demography and cytonuclear genetics of hybridization on Gambusia fishes: Evolution, v. 48, no. 1, p. 155-171, https://doi.org/10.2307/2410011.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"171","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480243,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1vq7j3bt","text":"External Repository"},{"id":336061,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"Aiken","otherGeospatial":"Savannah River Site","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.84814453125,\n 33.08003537299405\n ],\n [\n -81.4251708984375,\n 33.08003537299405\n ],\n [\n -81.4251708984375,\n 33.44060944370356\n ],\n [\n -81.84814453125,\n 33.44060944370356\n ],\n [\n -81.84814453125,\n 33.08003537299405\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"48","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b002dae4b01ccd54fb2809","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scribner, Kim T.","contributorId":146113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scribner","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":16582,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife and Department of Zoology, 480 Wilson Rd. 13 Natural Resources Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":671168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Avise, John C.","contributorId":182338,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Avise","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70182171,"text":"70182171 - 1994 - The role of nutrient reserves for clutch formation by Northern Pintails in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-17T15:06:30","indexId":"70182171","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of nutrient reserves for clutch formation by Northern Pintails in Alaska","docAbstract":"We analyzed carcass composition of female Northern Pintails (Anas acuta) in Alaska to assess the importance of nutrient reserves for formation of first clutches (n = 85) and renests (n = 39). Habitat (tundra vs. boreal forest), hen age (yearling vs. adult), and year (1990 vs. 1991) did not affect nutrient reserve use. During formation of first clutches, Northern Pintail hens relied on lipid reserves more than any other duck species that has been studied. For much of the nesting season, lipid reserves were used to meet costs beyond those incurred by clutch formation. Date of initiation of rapid follicle growth was related to lipid reserve dynamics; lipid reserves at initiation and the rate of lipid use both declined through the season. Protein reserves declined slightly with commitment of protein to the clutch and with date of initiation of rapid follicle growth. Use of mineral reserves for first nests was negligible. Renesting females did not use nutrient reserves. Lipid reserve levels were positively related to the amount of lipid reserves needed to complete the clutch and clutch sizes predicted from a lipid dynamics model were consistent with known clutch sizes. Similar relationships did not exist for protein. We suggest that lipid reserve levels affect timing of nesting and proximately limit clutch size of Northern Pintails.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/1369325","usgsCitation":"Esler, D., and Grand, J.B., 1994, The role of nutrient reserves for clutch formation by Northern Pintails in Alaska: The Condor, v. 96, no. 2, p. 422-432, https://doi.org/10.2307/1369325.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"422","endPage":"432","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335822,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge, Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge","volume":"96","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a819b8e4b025c46429afd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grand, J. Barry 0000-0002-3576-4567 barry_grand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-4567","contributorId":579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.","email":"barry_grand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Barry","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70182297,"text":"70182297 - 1994 - Satellite tobacco mosaic virus modifies the symptoms of helper tobamoviruses in pepper in a cultivar-specific manner","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-22T13:58:21","indexId":"70182297","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3080,"text":"Phytopathology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Satellite tobacco mosaic virus modifies the symptoms of helper tobamoviruses in pepper in a cultivar-specific manner","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Rodriguez-Alvarado, G., Kurath, G., and Dodds, J., 1994, Satellite tobacco mosaic virus modifies the symptoms of helper tobamoviruses in pepper in a cultivar-specific manner: Phytopathology, v. 84, p. 617-621.","productDescription":"5 p. ","startPage":"617","endPage":"621","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335976,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58aeb144e4b01ccd54f9ee68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodriguez-Alvarado, G.","contributorId":178840,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodriguez-Alvarado","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kurath, G.","contributorId":152437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":670419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dodds, J.A.","contributorId":178835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodds","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70180419,"text":"70180419 - 1994 - Importance of spatial pattern in estimating predation on juvenile salmonids in the Columbia River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-30T12:34:42","indexId":"70180419","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Importance of spatial pattern in estimating predation on juvenile salmonids in the Columbia River","docAbstract":"The impact of piscivores in aquatic systems is often estimated by assuming that predation rate and predator density can be characterized as means throughout large, homogeneous areas. Predation losses of juvenile Pacific salmonids Oncorhynchus spp. migrating through Columbia River reservoirs were previously estimated with the assumption that each reservoir consisted of one or two homogeneous areas. Data from the John Day Reservoir and throughout the river system showed that predation rate and predator density vary greatly between near-dam and midreservoir areas, suggesting that reservoirs in the Columbia River should be divided into at least three or four areas for estimating salmonid losses. For example, the estimated number of salmonids annually eaten by northern squawfish Ptychocheilus oregonensis in John Day Reservoir decreased from 2.9 million when all samples in the reservoir were pooled into one area, to 1.4 million when samples were partitioned among four areas. Variance about the estimates also decreased steadily with finer partitioning. Mortality of juvenile salmon from predation was substantial with any type of partitioning; however, spatial variation in predation rates and other density-dependent processes may be especially important in river models of migrating juvenile salmon that repeatedly apply predation rates in a series of reservoirs or river reaches.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1994)123<0924:IOSPIE>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Petersen, J.H., 1994, Importance of spatial pattern in estimating predation on juvenile salmonids in the Columbia River: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 123, no. 6, p. 924-930, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1994)123<0924:IOSPIE>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"924","endPage":"930","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334326,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"123","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58905ef8e4b072a7ac0cad83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, James H. petersen@usgs.gov","contributorId":23231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"James","email":"petersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70182641,"text":"70182641 - 1994 - Use of boreal forested wetlands by Pacific loons (Gavia pacifica Lawrence) and horned grebes (Podiceps auritus L.): Relations with limnological characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-27T13:54:06","indexId":"70182641","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5305,"text":"Developments in Hydrobiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"Use of boreal forested wetlands by Pacific loons (Gavia pacifica Lawrence) and horned grebes (Podiceps auritus L.): Relations with limnological characteristics","docAbstract":"Our objective was to determine if the occurrence and abundance of Pacific loons (Gavia pacifica Lawrence) and horned grebes (Podiceps auritus L.) on 123 wetlands of Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge in east central Alaska were related to the limnological characteristics of those wetlands. Aquatic bird-wetland use surveys were conducted in conjunction with limnological sampling from May through September 1985–87 and May through August 1989. Results from logistic regression analysis demonstrated a significant association between the probability of wetland use by Pacific loons and shoreline length, water color, calcium and total phosphorus. Wetland use by horned grebes was related to shoreline length, pH, and chlorophyll. Aquatic bird abundance was then used as a Poisson response variable and modeled as a function of wetland limnological characteristics. Our results indicate that Pacific loon abundance was adequately modeled by linear and quadratic functions of shoreline length, color, pH, calcium and total phosphorus. Horned grebe abundance could not be modeled with this approach. The statistical techniques known collectively as generalized linear models provided a framework for the development of models for aquatic bird use of wetlands. Our results, however, indicate that while this approach shows promise, a better understanding of how to model aquatic bird abundance is needed. We then identify problems in model development and suggest avenues for future research.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Developments in Hydrobiology: Aquatic birds in the trophic web of lakes: Proceedings of a symposium held in Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada, in August 1991","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"conferenceDate":"August 1991","conferenceLocation":"Sackville, NB","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-94-011-1128-7_17","isbn":"978-94-010-4493-6","usgsCitation":"Heglund, P., Jones, J., Fredrickson, L., and Kaiser, M., 1994, Use of boreal forested wetlands by Pacific loons (Gavia pacifica Lawrence) and horned grebes (Podiceps auritus L.): Relations with limnological characteristics, chap. of Developments in Hydrobiology: Aquatic birds in the trophic web of lakes: Proceedings of a symposium held in Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada, in August 1991: Developments in Hydrobiology, p. 171-183, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1128-7_17.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"171","endPage":"183","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336235,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -150,\n 65.75\n ],\n [\n -142.5,\n 65.75\n ],\n [\n -142.5,\n 67.5\n ],\n [\n -150,\n 67.5\n ],\n [\n -150,\n 65.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b15445e4b01ccd54fc5ee7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heglund, P.J.","contributorId":44505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heglund","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":672552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, J.R.","contributorId":15967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":672553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fredrickson, L.H.","contributorId":91042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fredrickson","given":"L.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":672554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kaiser, M.S.","contributorId":37836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaiser","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":672555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70182507,"text":"70182507 - 1994 - Geographic modeling of food production from rainfed agriculture—Senegal case study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T13:08:31","indexId":"70182507","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Geographic modeling of food production from rainfed agriculture—Senegal case study","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental information management and analysis—ecosystem to global scales","language":"English","publisher":"CODATA","usgsCitation":"Moore, D.G., Tappan, G., Howard, S.M., Lietzow, R., Nadeau, C., Renison, W., and Olsson, J., 1994, Geographic modeling of food production from rainfed agriculture—Senegal case study, chap. of Environmental information management and analysis—ecosystem to global scales, p. 133-158.","productDescription":"26 p. ","startPage":"133","endPage":"158","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336137,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b002d9e4b01ccd54fb2805","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, D. G.","contributorId":7285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tappan, G.G. 0000-0002-2240-6963","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2240-6963","contributorId":182382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tappan","given":"G.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howard, Stephen M. 0000-0001-5255-5882 smhoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5255-5882","contributorId":3483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Stephen","email":"smhoward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":671313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lietzow, R.W.","contributorId":58104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lietzow","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nadeau, C.A.","contributorId":182383,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nadeau","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Renison, W.","contributorId":182384,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Renison","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Olsson, J.","contributorId":182385,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olsson","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70180361,"text":"70180361 - 1994 - Biological monitoring of environmental quality: The use of developmental instability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-30T08:58:54","indexId":"70180361","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2255,"text":"Journal of Environmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biological monitoring of environmental quality: The use of developmental instability","docAbstract":"Distributed robustness is thought to influence the buffering of random phenotypic variation through the scale-free topology of gene regulatory, metabolic, and protein-protein interaction networks. If this hypothesis is true, then the phenotypic response to the perturbation of particular nodes in such a network should be proportional to the number of links those nodes make with neighboring nodes. This suggests a probability distribution approximating an inverse power-law of random phenotypic variation. Zero phenotypic variation, however, is impossible, because random molecular and cellular processes are essential to normal development. Consequently, a more realistic distribution should have a y-intercept close to zero in the lower tail, a mode greater than zero, and a long (fat) upper tail. The double Pareto-lognormal (DPLN) distribution is an ideal candidate distribution. It consists of a mixture of a lognormal body and upper and lower power-law tails.
","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Freeman, D., Emlen, J., Graham, J., Hough, R.A., and Bannon, T., 1994, Biological monitoring of environmental quality: The use of developmental instability: Journal of Environmental Engineering, v. 4, p. 6-11.","productDescription":"6 p. ","startPage":"6","endPage":"11","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334223,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"588c6ab2e4b08c8121c909a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freeman, D.C.","contributorId":21309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Emlen, J.M.","contributorId":63979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emlen","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graham, J.H.","contributorId":77322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hough, R. A.","contributorId":176555,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hough","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bannon, T.A.","contributorId":178859,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bannon","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70180360,"text":"70180360 - 1994 - Application of the stage-projection model with density-dependent fecundity to the population dynamics of Spanish ibex","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-27T14:28:55","indexId":"70180360","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of the stage-projection model with density-dependent fecundity to the population dynamics of Spanish ibex","docAbstract":"A stage-class population model with density-feedback term included was used to identify the most critical parameters determining the population dynamics of female Spanish ibex (Capra pyrenaica) in southern Spain. A population in the Cazorla and Segura mountains is rapidly declining, but the eastern Sierra Nevada population is growing. The stable population density obtained using estimated values of kid and adult survival (0.49 and 0.87, respectively) and with fecundity equal to 0.367 in the absence of density feedback is 12.7 or 16.82 individuals/km2, based on a non-time-lagged and a time-lagged model, respectively. Given the maximum estimate of fecundity and an adult survival rate of 0.87, a kid survival rate of at least 0.41 is required to avoid extinction. At the minimum fecundity estimate, kid survival would have to exceed 0.52. Elasticities were used to estimate the influence of variation in life-cycle parameters on the intrinsic rate of increase. Adult survival is the most critical parameter, while fecundity and juvenile survival are less important. An increase in adult survival from 0.87 to 0.91 in the Cazorla and Segura mountains population would almost stabilize the population in the absence of stochastic variation, while the same increase in the Sierra Nevada population would yield population growth of 4–5% per annum. A reduction in adult survival to 0.83 results in population decline in both cases.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/z94-098","usgsCitation":"Escos, J., Alados, C., and Emlen, J.M., 1994, Application of the stage-projection model with density-dependent fecundity to the population dynamics of Spanish ibex: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 72, no. 4, p. 731-737, https://doi.org/10.1139/z94-098.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"731","endPage":"737","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334222,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"588c6aa9e4b08c8121c90986","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Escos, J.","contributorId":44311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Escos","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alados, C.L.","contributorId":22925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alados","given":"C.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Emlen, John M.","contributorId":168812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emlen","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":661373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70177034,"text":"70177034 - 1994 - A toxic equivalency factor scale for polychlorinated dibenzofurans","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-17T10:09:55","indexId":"70177034","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3608,"text":"Toxicological Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A toxic equivalency factor scale for polychlorinated dibenzofurans","docAbstract":"The ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) induction of 20 polychiorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) was examined in the H4IIE rat hepatoma cell bioassay. The selection of the compounds tested was based on a multivariate chemical characterization laying the groundwork for covering the whole chemical series of PCDFs. The EROD induction potency was found to vary in ED50 values from 25 to 100,000,000 pg/mg, i.e., nearly seven orders of magnitude. The response of the bioassay was calibrated against the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, enabling the corresponding toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) to be calculated. In order to establish a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) for the TEF values, 37 physicochemical descriptor variables were used to chemically characterize the 87 tetra- to octachlorinated PCDFs. Using partial least-squares modeling on a training set of 10 congeners, a QSAR model with sound predictive power was obtained. The QSAR model was validated with a validation set of additional 10 congeners. The predicted TEFs indicate that a large number of congeners are potent EROD inducers.
Techniques for the hydrologic restoration of placer-mined streams and floodplains were developed in Denali National Park and Preserve Alaska, USA. The hydrologic study focused on a design of stream and floodplain geometry using hydraulic capacity and shear stress equations. Slope and sinuosity values were based on regional relationships. Design requirements include a channel capacity for a 1.5-year (bankfull) discharge and a floodplain capacity for a 1.5- to 100-year discharge. Concern for potential damage to the project from annual flooding before natural revegetation occurs led to development of alder (Alnus crispa) brush bars to dissipate floodwater energy and encourage sediment deposition. The brush bars, constructed of alder bundles tied together and anchored laterally adjacent to the channel, were installed on the floodplain in several configurations to test their effectiveness. A moderate flood near the end of the two-year construction phase of the project provided data on channel design, stability, floodplain erosion, and brush bar effectiveness. The brush bars provided substantial protection, but unconsolidated bank material and a lack of bed armour for a new channel segment led to some bank erosion, slope changes and an increase in sinuosity in several reaches of the study area.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0925-8574(94)90041-8","usgsCitation":"Karle, K.F., and Densmore, R.V., 1994, Stream and floodplain restoration in a riparian ecosystem disturbed by placer mining: Ecological Engineering, v. 3, no. 2, p. 121-133, https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-8574(94)90041-8.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"133","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335853,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Denali National Park and Preserve, Glen Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -150.7866668701172,\n 63.51779683618753\n ],\n [\n -150.7866668701172,\n 63.58\n ],\n [\n -150.6778335571289,\n 63.58\n ],\n [\n -150.6778335571289,\n 63.51779683618753\n ],\n [\n -150.7866668701172,\n 63.51779683618753\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ac0e34e4b0ce4410e7d620","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karle, Kenneth F.","contributorId":37461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karle","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Densmore, Roseann V.","contributorId":24022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Roseann","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70175710,"text":"70175710 - 1994 - A cottontail-habitat model for evaluating the Conservation Reserve Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-18T12:34:26","indexId":"70175710","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"A cottontail-habitat model for evaluating the Conservation Reserve Program","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins","usgsCitation":"Stanley, T., 1994, A cottontail-habitat model for evaluating the Conservation Reserve Program, 46 p.","productDescription":"46 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326817,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b6dc2ee4b03fd6b7d94bf7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanley, T.R.","contributorId":61379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"T.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70180711,"text":"70180711 - 1994 - Phenotypic divergence of secondary sexual traits among sage grouse, Centrocercus urophasianus, populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-12T21:23:32","indexId":"70180711","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":770,"text":"Animal Behaviour","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phenotypic divergence of secondary sexual traits among sage grouse, Centrocercus urophasianus, populations","docAbstract":"Sage grouse, Centrocercus urophasianus, in an isolated montane basin near Gunnison, Colorado differ in several morphological and behavioural traits from conspecifics studied in other areas of the species' range. Both sexes in Gunnison are smaller than sage grouse elsewhere, and males possess differences in feather morphology as well. The mating behaviour of male sage grouse in three populations was examined to determine whether male strut displays of Gunnison sage grouse were behaviourally distinct. Behavioural analyses revealed Gunnison males perform strut displays at a slower rate than males in the two other sage grouse populations sampled. In addition, Gunnison males' strut displays contain unique visual and acoustical aspects. The most distinguishing attributes of Gunnison sage grouse were male secondary sexual characteristics including traits that correlate with mating success in other populations. Thus, phenotypic differences observed in the Gunnison population represent a divergence in expression of traits that are likely to be influenced by sexual selection. Recent models of speciation suggest that species characterized by intense sexual selection, such as those with lek mating systems, have the potential for rapid inter-populational divergence in male traits and female preferences leading to speciation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/anbe.1994.1183","usgsCitation":"Young, J., Hupp, J.W., Bradbury, J.W., and Braun, C.E., 1994, Phenotypic divergence of secondary sexual traits among sage grouse, Centrocercus urophasianus, populations: Animal Behaviour, v. 37, no. 6, p. 1353-1362, https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1994.1183.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1353","endPage":"1362","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334506,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Gunnison","volume":"37","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5891b0b9e4b072a7ac12993e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, Jessica R.","contributorId":50837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Jessica R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hupp, Jerry W. 0000-0002-6439-3910 jhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6439-3910","contributorId":127803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Jerry","email":"jhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradbury, Jack W.","contributorId":179016,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bradbury","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Braun, Clait E.","contributorId":59368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braun","given":"Clait","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70180927,"text":"70180927 - 1994 - Assessment of shoreline vegetation in relation to use by molting black brant Branta bernicla nigricans on the Alaska Coastal Plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T13:30:14","indexId":"70180927","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of shoreline vegetation in relation to use by molting black brant Branta bernicla nigricans on the Alaska Coastal Plain","docAbstract":"To evaluate the importance of large thaw lakes on the Alaska Coastal Plain for molting Pacific black brant Branta bernicla nigricans, distribution and life form of shoreline vegetation were assessed using several scales: satellite imagery, point-intercept transects, cover quadrats, and a parameter for water regime. Brant population and distribution estimates from aerial surveys were used to classify large lakes into high, moderate, and low use. Correlations between brant and abundance of their preferred feeding site - moss flats - were best demonstrated by satellite imagery. Intercepts and cover ratings were not correlated, presumably because these techniques were less efficient at assessing area. General observations suggested that the presence of islands, large ice floes, and possibly other physical attributes of the habitat, influenced brant distribution. This area is unique because of low-lying, drained-lake basins that have ideal combinations of moss flats and large water areas where brant seek protection disturbance is vital to the success of this declining species because alternate habitats may not be available elsewhere on the Coastal Plain. in water or on ice floes. Protection of the area from disturbance is vital to the success of this declining species because alternate habitats may not be available elsewhere on the Coastal Plain.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0006-3207(94)90166-X","usgsCitation":"Weller, M.W., Jensen, K.C., Taylor, E., Miller, M., Bollinger, K.S., Derksen, D.V., Esler, D., and Markon, C.J., 1994, Assessment of shoreline vegetation in relation to use by molting black brant Branta bernicla nigricans on the Alaska Coastal Plain: Biological Conservation, v. 70, no. 3, p. 219-225, https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(94)90166-X.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"219","endPage":"225","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334974,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Alaska Coastal Plain, Teshekpuk Lake","volume":"70","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"589c3c50e4b0efcedb741117","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weller, Milton W.","contributorId":113630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weller","given":"Milton","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jensen, K. C.","contributorId":16671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jensen","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taylor, Eric J.","contributorId":41966,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"Eric J.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, Mark W.","contributorId":83642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Mark W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bollinger, Karen S.","contributorId":33842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bollinger","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Derksen, Dirk V. dderksen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derksen","given":"Dirk","email":"dderksen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Markon, Carl J. markon@usgs.gov","contributorId":2499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markon","given":"Carl","email":"markon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70044636,"text":"70044636 - 1994 - Soda Lake-Painted Rock(!) Petroleum System in the Cuyama Basin, California, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-18T12:04:49","indexId":"70044636","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Soda Lake-Painted Rock(!) Petroleum System in the Cuyama Basin, California, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"The Cuyama basin, located in the central California Coast Ranges, was formed by extension during early Miocene time and was filled with a variety of nonmarine, marginal marine, and neritic to bathyal marine sediments. Low sulfur oil is produced primarily from the lower Miocene Painted Rock Sandstone Member of the Vaqueros Formation along a structural trend parallel to the Russell fault, which was active from 23 to 5 Ma. A major fold and thrust belt beginning about 3 Ma formed the Caliente and Sierra Madre ranges and partially obscures the Miocene extensional basin. Stable carbon isotope and biomarker data indicate that the lower Miocene Soda Lake Shale Member of the Vaqueros Formation is the predominant source rock for the oil in the Cuyama area. Burial and thermal history modeling shows that oil generation began in middle-late Miocene time and that oil migrated into existing traps. Younger traps that formed in the overthrust are barren of oil because migration occurred prior to the development of the fold and thrust belt or because subthrust oil was unable to migrate into the overthrust.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Petroleum system : from source to trap","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","usgsCitation":"Lillis, P.G., 1994, Soda Lake-Painted Rock(!) Petroleum System in the Cuyama Basin, California, U.S.A., chap. of The Petroleum system : from source to trap, p. 437-451.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"437","endPage":"451","numberOfPages":"15","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":269659,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269658,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/methodo2/images/a077/a0770001/0400/04370.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"514837a2e4b022dd171afee3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lillis, Paul G. 0000-0002-7508-1699 plillis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7508-1699","contributorId":1817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lillis","given":"Paul","email":"plillis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017987,"text":"70017987 - 1994 - Issues related to modeling the transport of suspended sediments in Northern San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T12:32:33","indexId":"70017987","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Issues related to modeling the transport of suspended sediments in Northern San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"Measurements of suspended sediment concentrations at several deep-channel stations in San Francisco Bay are reviewed. Sediment concentrations are found to be strongly correlated with delta outflow, tidal, and spring/neap variations. However, little to no correlation is observed between wind speed and sediment concentration in the deep channel. A two-dimensional depth-averaged sediment transport model has been developed which includes the effects of tidal and spring-neap variations and wind-generated resuspension. During a period of low delta outflow, the model successfully reproduces field measurements of suspended sediment concentration at a station in San Pablo Bay. The model is found to be most sensitive to critical shear stresses, settling velocity, and the erosion rate constant.
","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling III","conferenceDate":"8 September 1993 through 10 September 1993","conferenceLocation":"Oak Brook, IL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629759","usgsCitation":"McDonald, E.T., and Cheng, R.T., 1994, Issues related to modeling the transport of suspended sediments in Northern San Francisco Bay, California, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling III, Oak Brook, IL, USA, 8 September 1993 through 10 September 1993, p. 551-564.","startPage":"551","endPage":"564","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228738,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3fc7e4b0c8380cd647fd","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Spaulding Malcolm L.Bedford KeithBlumberg AlanCheng RalphSwanson Craig","contributorId":128444,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Spaulding Malcolm L.Bedford KeithBlumberg AlanCheng RalphSwanson Craig","id":536408,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"McDonald, Ellen Thomas","contributorId":100557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cheng, Ralph T.","contributorId":69134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70135342,"text":"70135342 - 1994 - Stratigraphy of the Mississippi-Alabama shelf and the Mobile River incised-valley system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-14T10:53:46","indexId":"70135342","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3842,"text":"SEPM Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratigraphy of the Mississippi-Alabama shelf and the Mobile River incised-valley system","docAbstract":"The Mobile River incised-valley system located in the northern Gulf of Mexico occupies an area from southern Alabama through Mobile Bay to the outer Mississippi-Alabama continental shelf. During the Wisconsinan regression, this incised-valley system was fluvially eroded and extended across the exposed shelf to a shelf-margin delta complex. The last postglacial transgression drowned the entrenched alluvial valleys and reworked the alluvial fill and estuarine deposits to form shoals on the middle shelf. As the postglacial transgression slowed. Mobile Bay was formed. Mobile Bay is a large estuarine system protected by barrier islands. This paper documents the late Quaternary history of the Mobile River incised valley and fill.
\nMobile Bay is a large (> 1000 km2) microtidal estuary in southern Alabama that receives drainage through the Mobile River system. The Mobile River catchment is the fourth largest in the United States and terminates at the bayhead delta of Mobile Bay. The bay is a classic example of a wave-dominated, drowned, fluvial incised valley. During the middle-late Wisconsinan, glacial maximum, relative sea level was approximately 120 m lower than present. The Mobile River incised valley was a conduit for drainage from the catchment to the shelf margin. The sediment carried by the fluvial system during this lowstand passed through the Mobile River incised valley, across the exposed shelf and was deposited on the shelf margin as deltaic lobes.
\nRapid sea-level rise forced coastal-plain shorelines landward across the present mid-continental shelf. Transgression of the estuary mouth left a series of estuary-mouth-bar deposits that were reworked and overlie alluvial fill. These sand-rich deposits were submerged by the continuing transgression and reworked to form shoals As the Holocene sea-level rise slowed, the Mobile River incised valley became an estuarine depocenter. In the present alluvial valley, lowstand deposits are overlain by estuarine sediments deposited during the initial flooding of the valley and subsequent formation of Mobile Bay.
\nDuring the present highstand, longshore sediment transport formed a spit across much of the bay mouth, creating a restricted estuary into which a bayhead delta has prograded. Late Holocene deposits in Mobile Bay consists predominantly or lagoonal sediments with bayhead-delta deposits encroaching into the northern end of the bay.
\nThe Holocene incised-valley fill (estuarine facies) underlying Mobile Buy fit well into the conceptual facies model of a microtidal wave-dominated estuary. The model does not fit as well, however, with the rapidly transgressed shelf portion of the incised valley. The down dip section does not contain a clearly identifiable (from seismic profiles) estuarine facies; the valley fill is primarily fluvial and is overlain by marine shoals. In the Mobile River incised valley, the distal portion of the valley was rapidly drowned, allowing the thin estuarine facies to be reworked. The proximal portion was drowned more slowly, leaving the estuarine facies intact. Thus, the single incised valley contains two very different types of fill.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Incised-valley systems: origin and sedimentary sequences","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Sedimentary Geology","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","doi":"10.2110/pec.94.12.0083","usgsCitation":"Kindinger, J.L., Balson, P.S., and Flocks, J.G., 1994, Stratigraphy of the Mississippi-Alabama shelf and the Mobile River incised-valley system: SEPM Special Publication, v. 51, p. 83-95, https://doi.org/10.2110/pec.94.12.0083.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"95","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297233,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico, Mobile Bay, Mobile River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.1597900390625,\n 30.171250084367482\n ],\n [\n -88.1597900390625,\n 30.78313788815046\n ],\n [\n -87.73269653320312,\n 30.78313788815046\n ],\n [\n -87.73269653320312,\n 30.171250084367482\n ],\n [\n -88.1597900390625,\n 30.171250084367482\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"51","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c63e4b08de9379b3776","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Dalrymple, Robert W.","contributorId":138677,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dalrymple","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538314,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boyd, Ron","contributorId":54737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyd","given":"Ron","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538315,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zaitlin, Brian A.","contributorId":138678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zaitlin","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538316,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Kindinger, Jack L. jkindinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindinger","given":"Jack","email":"jkindinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":536763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Balson, Peter S.","contributorId":130987,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Balson","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":536764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flocks, James G. 0000-0002-6177-7433 jflocks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-7433","contributorId":816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"James","email":"jflocks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70182508,"text":"70182508 - 1994 - Designing global land cover databases to maximize utility—the US prototype","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-16T16:52:51.919029","indexId":"70182508","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"19","title":"Designing global land cover databases to maximize utility—the US prototype","docAbstract":"One of the most pressing problems in global climate and ecosystem studies is a lack of adequate land cover data. Staff from the United States Geological Survey's EROS Data Center and the University of Nebraska have developed a United States prototype for a proposed global land cover characteristics database derived from 1-km Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer satellite data. A total of 159 seasonally distinct spectral I temporal land cover classes were labelled according to their constituent vegetation types rather than forcing the vegetation complexes into a predefined classification scheme. The database contains attributes that characterize each land cover class, including elevation, climate attributes and biophysical parameters derived from the normalized difference vegetation index (ND VI). The database design permits convenient translation to a variety of land cover classification schemes commonly used in global scale models. This approach allows scientists to continue using classification schemes with which they are comfortable, eliminates duplicating land cover database development, and provides a degree of uniformity in the development of parallel but distinct databases.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental information management and analysis—ecosystem to global scales","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","publisherLocation":"Bristol, PA","doi":"10.1201/9781482272505","usgsCitation":"Reed, B., Loveland, T., Steyaert, L.T., Brown, J.F., Merchant, J., and Ohlen, D., 1994, Designing global land cover databases to maximize utility—the US prototype, chap. 19 of Environmental information management and analysis—ecosystem to global scales, p. 299-314, https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482272505.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"299","endPage":"314","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336141,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1994-08-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b002d9e4b01ccd54fb2803","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Michener, W.K.","contributorId":59139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michener","given":"W.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671324,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brunt, J.W.","contributorId":182387,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brunt","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671325,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stafford, S.G.","contributorId":182386,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stafford","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671326,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Reed, B. C. 0000-0002-1132-7178","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1132-7178","contributorId":55594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"B. C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":671318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":106125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":671319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steyaert, L. T.","contributorId":71303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steyaert","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, Jesslyn F. 0000-0002-9976-1998 jfbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-1998","contributorId":3241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Jesslyn","email":"jfbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":671321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Merchant, J.W.","contributorId":75694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merchant","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ohlen, D.O.","contributorId":72371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohlen","given":"D.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70017605,"text":"70017605 - 1994 - Some comparisons between mining-induced and laboratory earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:53","indexId":"70017605","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3209,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some comparisons between mining-induced and laboratory earthquakes","docAbstract":"Although laboratory stick-slip friction experiments have long been regarded as analogs to natural crustal earthquakes, the potential use of laboratory results for understanding the earthquake source mechanism has not been fully exploited because of essential difficulties in relating seismographic data to measurements made in the controlled laboratory environment. Mining-induced earthquakes, however, provide a means of calibrating the seismic data in terms of laboratory results because, in contrast to natural earthquakes, the causative forces as well as the hypocentral conditions are known. A comparison of stick-slip friction events in a large granite sample with mining-induced earthquakes in South Africa and Canada indicates both similarities and differences between the two phenomena. The physics of unstable fault slip appears to be largely the same for both types of events. For example, both laboratory and mining-induced earthquakes have very low seismic efficiencies {Mathematical expression} where ??a is the apparent stress and {Mathematical expression} is the average stress acting on the fault plane to cause slip; nearly all of the energy released by faulting is consumed in overcoming friction. In more detail, the mining-induced earthquakes differ from the laboratory events in the behavior of ?? as a function of seismic moment M0. Whereas for the laboratory events ?????0.06 independent of M0, ?? depends quite strongly on M0 for each set of induced earthquakes, with 0.06 serving, apparently, as an upper bound. It seems most likely that this observed scaling difference is due to variations in slip distribution over the fault plane. In the laboratory, a stick-slip event entails homogeneous slip over a fault of fixed area. For each set of induced earthquakes, the fault area appears to be approximately fixed but the slip is inhomogeneous due presumably to barriers (zones of no slip) distributed over the fault plane; at constant {Mathematical expression}, larger events correspond to larger??a as a consequence of fewer barriers to slip. If the inequality ??a/ {Mathematical expression} ??? 0.06 has general validity, then measurements of ??a=??Ea/M0, where ?? is the modulus of rigidity and Ea is the seismically-radiated energy, can be used to infer the absolute level of deviatoric stress at the hypocenter. ?? 1994 Birkha??user Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Birkha??user-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00876051","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"McGarr, A., 1994, Some comparisons between mining-induced and laboratory earthquakes: Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH, v. 142, no. 3-4, p. 467-489, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00876051.","startPage":"467","endPage":"489","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206140,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876051"},{"id":228663,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"142","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9286e4b08c986b319f77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGarr, Art 0000-0001-9769-4093","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9769-4093","contributorId":43491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGarr","given":"Art","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017885,"text":"70017885 - 1994 - Simulated circulation and transport in adjacent wind-driven estuaries in North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:55","indexId":"70017885","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Simulated circulation and transport in adjacent wind-driven estuaries in North Carolina","docAbstract":"The Pamlico and Neuse River estuaries, in North Carolina, display similar physical characteristics because of their proximity and physiographic setting. Yet, because of channel configuration and longitudinal alignment, differences in circulation and flushing exist. Spatially detailed hydrodynamic models were applied to each estuary to characterize these differences. The models were calibrated and tested using continuous records of water level and salinity collected at 15-minute intervals at sites throughout each study reach. Data and model simulations indicate that the alignment of each estuary in relation to Pamlico Sound and the predominant wind directions have significant effects on circulation and transport within each system. The range in simulated flow at the mouth of the Neuse River estuary was nearly 25 percent greater than that simulated at the mouth of the Pamlico River estuary. Simulated cumulative transport for an 11-day period in June 1991 was also greater and more dynamic in the Neuse River than in the Pamlico River. Simulated currents were generally higher in the Neuse River than in the Pamlico River and the tracking of individual particles showed greater overall movement in the Neuse River.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling III","conferenceDate":"8 September 1993 through 10 September 1993","conferenceLocation":"Oak Brook, IL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629759","usgsCitation":"Robbins, J.C., and Bales, J.D., 1994, Simulated circulation and transport in adjacent wind-driven estuaries in North Carolina, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling III, Oak Brook, IL, USA, 8 September 1993 through 10 September 1993, p. 105-118.","startPage":"105","endPage":"118","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228822,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8f8ae4b08c986b318fb6","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Spaulding Malcolm L.Bedford KeithBlumberg AlanCheng RalphSwanson Craig","contributorId":128444,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Spaulding Malcolm L.Bedford KeithBlumberg AlanCheng RalphSwanson Craig","id":536387,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, Jeanne C. 0000-0001-7804-0764 jrobbins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7804-0764","contributorId":1586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Jeanne","email":"jrobbins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":377836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bales, Jerad D. 0000-0001-8398-6984 jdbales@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8398-6984","contributorId":683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"Jerad","email":"jdbales@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":377835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017886,"text":"70017886 - 1994 - Modeling the seasonal circulation in Massachusetts Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-13T14:02:38","indexId":"70017886","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Modeling the seasonal circulation in Massachusetts Bay","docAbstract":"An 18 month simulation of circulation was conducted in Massachusetts Bay, a roughly 35 m deep, 100??50 km embayment on the northeastern shelf of the United States. Using a variant of the Blumberg-Mellor (1987) model, it was found that a continuous 18 month run was only possible if the velocity field was Shapiro filtered to remove two grid length energy that developed along the open boundary due to mismatch in locally generated and climatologically forced water properties. The seasonal development of temperature and salinity stratification was well-represented by the model once ??-coordinate errors were reduced by subtracting domain averaged vertical profiles of temperature, salinity and density before horizontal differencing was performed. Comparison of modeled and observed subtidal currents at fixed locations revealed that the model performance varies strongly with season and distance from the open boundaries. The model performs best during unstratified conditions, and in the interior of the bay. The model performs poorest during stratified conditions and in the regions where the bay is driven predominantly by remote fluctuations from the Gulf of Maine.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling III","conferenceDate":"September 8-10,1993","conferenceLocation":"Oak Brook, IL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629759","usgsCitation":"Signell, R.P., Jenter, H.L., and Blumberg, A.F., 1994, Modeling the seasonal circulation in Massachusetts Bay, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling III, Oak Brook, IL, USA, September 8-10,1993, p. 578-590.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"578","endPage":"590","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228823,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.8123779296875,\n 42.00848901572399\n ],\n [\n -70.02685546875,\n 42.00848901572399\n ],\n [\n -70.02685546875,\n 42.63799988907408\n ],\n [\n -70.8123779296875,\n 42.63799988907408\n ],\n [\n -70.8123779296875,\n 42.00848901572399\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c4fe4b0c8380cd6fbbb","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Spaulding Malcolm L.Bedford KeithBlumberg AlanCheng RalphSwanson Craig","contributorId":128444,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Spaulding Malcolm L.Bedford KeithBlumberg AlanCheng RalphSwanson Craig","id":536388,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Signell, Richard P. rsignell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"Richard","email":"rsignell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":377838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenter, Harry L. 0000-0002-1307-8785 hjenter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1307-8785","contributorId":228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenter","given":"Harry","email":"hjenter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":377837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blumberg, Alan F.","contributorId":66299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blumberg","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":87174,"text":"87174 - 1994 - An intersection model for estimating sea otter mortality along the Kenai Peninsula","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-28T15:47:50","indexId":"87174","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"An intersection model for estimating sea otter mortality along the Kenai Peninsula","docAbstract":"We developed an intersection model to integrate parameters estimated from three distinct data sets that resulted from the Exxon Valdez oil spill: (1) the distribution,\r\namount, and movements of spilled oil; (2) the distribution and abundance of sea otters along the Kenai Peninsula; and (3) the estimates of site-specific sea otter\r\nmortality relative to oil exposure from otters captured for rehabilitation and from collected carcasses. In this chapter, we describe the data sets and provide examples\r\nof how they can be used in the model to generate acute loss estimates. We also examine the assumptions required for the model and provide suggestions for\r\nimproving and applying the model. ","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine mammals and the Exxon Valdez","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","publisherLocation":"San Diego, CA","isbn":"9781483288819","usgsCitation":"Bodkin, J.L., and Udevitz, M.S., 1994, An intersection model for estimating sea otter mortality along the Kenai Peninsula, chap. of Marine mammals and the Exxon Valdez, p. 81-95.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"95","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127927,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339229,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.elsevier.com/books/marine-mammals-and-the-exxon-valdez/loughlin/978-0-12-456160-1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prince William Sound","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db684437","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Loughlin, Thomas R.","contributorId":18885,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loughlin","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504828,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Udevitz, Mark S. 0000-0003-4659-138X mudevitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-138X","contributorId":3189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udevitz","given":"Mark","email":"mudevitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":20183,"text":"ofr90179 - 1994 - Ground-water conditions in Las Vegas Valley, Clark County, Nevada; Part II, Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":20183,"text":"ofr90179 - 1994 - Ground-water conditions in Las Vegas Valley, Clark County, Nevada; Part II, Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow","indexId":"ofr90179","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water conditions in Las Vegas Valley, Clark County, Nevada; Part II, Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":3161,"text":"wsp2320B - 1996 - Ground-water conditions in Las Vegas Valley, Clark County, Nevada: Part 2, hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow","indexId":"wsp2320B","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Ground-water conditions in Las Vegas Valley, Clark County, Nevada: Part 2, hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":3161,"text":"wsp2320B - 1996 - Ground-water conditions in Las Vegas Valley, Clark County, Nevada: Part 2, hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow","indexId":"wsp2320B","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water conditions in Las Vegas Valley, Clark County, Nevada: Part 2, hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow"},"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-04T16:31:01.458852","indexId":"ofr90179","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-179","title":"Ground-water conditions in Las Vegas Valley, Clark County, Nevada; Part II, Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow","docAbstract":"Groundwater withdrawals in Las Vegas Valley, Nevada, primarily for municipal supplies, totaled more than 2.5 million acre-ft between 1912 and 1981, with a peak annual withdrawal rate of 88,000 acre-ft in 1968. Effects of heavy pumping are evident over large areas of the valley but are more pronounced near the major well fields. Secondary recharge from lawn irrigation and other sources is estimated to have totaled more than 340,000 acre-ft during 1972-81. Resulting rises in water-level in shallow, unconfined aquifers in the central and southeastern parts of the valley have caused: widespread water-logging of soils; increased groundwater discharge to Las Vegas Wash and its tributaries; and potential for degradation of water quality in deeper aquifers by accentuating downward vertical hydraulic potential in areas where shallow groundwater has high concentrations of dissolved solids and nitrate. A 3-dimensional groundwater flow model of the valley-fill aquifer system was constructed for use in evaluating possible groundwater management alternatives aimed at alleviating problems related to overdraft and water-logging while maximizing use of the groundwater resources. Natural recharge to the valley-fill aquifers is about 33,000 acre-ft/yr; in 1979, an estimated 44,000 acre-ft of secondary recharge infiltrated to the near-surface and developed-zone aquifers. Peak water use for lawn irrigation during summer results in rates of secondary recharge that may increase threefold from winter rates. Simulated rates of seepage to washes in the valley increased correspondingly from an average of 850 acre-ft/mo in winter to about 1,300 acre-ft/mo in the summer. Groundwater withdrawals by pumping totaled 620,000 acre-ft during 1972-81, and model results indicate that about 190,000 acre-ft of that total was derived from storage. Use of the model as a predictive tool was demonstrated by simulating the effects of using most municipal wells only during the peak-demand season of June 1 through September 20. Results of the 9-year simulation indicated that: (1) long-term rates of water-level decline near the municipal well field would be less than rates for 1972-81, but the magnitude of seasonal fluctuations would increase, and (2) total volume of water released from storage as a result of subsidence would be only 42,000 acre-feet per year, or about half the volume during 1972-81.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr90179","usgsCitation":"Morgan, D.S., and Dettinger, M.D., 1994, Ground-water conditions in Las Vegas Valley, Clark County, Nevada; Part II, Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-179, Report: vii, 151 p.; 2 Plates: 18.41 x 21.57 and 18.59 x 21.60 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90179.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 151 p.; 2 Plates: 18.41 x 21.57 and 18.59 x 21.60 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":382958,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0179/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":382957,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0179/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":152894,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0179/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":382956,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0179/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Clark County","otherGeospatial":"Las Vegas Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.26855468749999,\n 36.10237644873644\n ],\n [\n -115.02685546875,\n 36.10237644873644\n ],\n [\n -115.02685546875,\n 36.24427318493909\n ],\n [\n -115.26855468749999,\n 36.24427318493909\n ],\n [\n -115.26855468749999,\n 36.10237644873644\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66d27d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morgan, D. 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","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling","conferenceTitle":"Third International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling","conferenceDate":"September 8-10, 1993","conferenceLocation":"Chicago, Ill.","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","usgsCitation":"Casulli, V., and Cheng, R.T., 1994, Solutions of primitive equations for three-dimensional tidal circulation, in Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling, Chicago, Ill., September 8-10, 1993, p. 396-406.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"396","endPage":"406","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324964,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":324957,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.asce.org/templates/publications-book-detail.aspx?id=7804"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5780cebfe4b08116168223b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Casulli, V.","contributorId":65994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casulli","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cheng, R. T.","contributorId":23138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheng","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}