Anthropogenic changes to the Pyramid Lake–Truckee River ecosystem in Nevada are suspected to have altered the predator–prey balance between American white pelican Pelecanus erythrorhynchos and Cui-ui Chasmistes cujus. We estimated the loss of the adult Cui-ui population to pelican predation over a 13-year period by netting and tagging Cui-uis as they aggregated at the mouth of the Truckee River prior to their spawning migration into the Truckee River. Cui-ui access to the Truckee River typically required traversing a shallow delta (a foraging advantage for these American white pelicans). Dams and greater frequency of low stream flows also contributed to American white pelican foraging success. We used tag recoveries from Pyramid Lake's nesting colony of American white pelicans along with an experiment to estimate the chance of tag recovery within the colony to calculate the number of tagged fish taken by American white pelicans. We also used numbered tags to test whether there was a size preference for Cui-uis taken. Our results showed that the primary source of adult Cui-ui mortality was from American white pelican predation in the Truckee River. Within a 13-year period American white pelicans had taken 90% of the tags deployed during the first 7 years of the interval. There was no preference for the size of Cui-uis taken. A better understanding of the effects of heavy cropping by American white pelicans on Cui-ui population dynamics is still needed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis Group","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2013.855278","usgsCitation":"Scoppettone, G.G., Rissler, P.H., Fabes, M.C., and Withers, D., 2014, American white pelican predation on Cui-ui in Pyramid Lake, Nevada: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 1, no. 34, p. 57-67, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2013.855278.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"67","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044586","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473207,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2013.855278","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":282016,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Pyramid Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.703462,39.844325 ], [ -119.703462,40.201308 ], [ -119.407359,40.201308 ], [ -119.407359,39.844325 ], [ -119.703462,39.844325 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"1","issue":"34","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"572485b6e4b0b13d39159307","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scoppettone, Gayton G. gary_scoppettone@usgs.gov","contributorId":2848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scoppettone","given":"Gayton","email":"gary_scoppettone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rissler, Peter H. peter_rissler@usgs.gov","contributorId":4508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rissler","given":"Peter","email":"peter_rissler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fabes, Mark C. mark_fabes@usgs.gov","contributorId":4363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fabes","given":"Mark","email":"mark_fabes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Withers, Donna","contributorId":34424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Withers","given":"Donna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70175509,"text":"70175509 - 2014 - Water, ice and mud: Lahars and lahar hazards at ice- and snow-clad volcanoes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-14T08:48:12","indexId":"70175509","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-24T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3877,"text":"Geology Today","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water, ice and mud: Lahars and lahar hazards at ice- and snow-clad volcanoes","docAbstract":"Large-volume lahars are significant hazards at ice and snow covered volcanoes. Hot eruptive products produced during explosive eruptions can generate a substantial volume of melt water that quickly evolves into highly mobile flows of ice, sediment and water. At present it is difficult to predict the size of lahars that can form at ice and snow covered volcanoes due to their complex flow character and behaviour. However, advances in experiments and numerical approaches are producing new conceptual models and new methods for hazard assessment. Eruption triggered lahars that are ice-dominated leave behind thin, almost unrecognizable sedimentary deposits, making them likely to be under-represented in the geological record.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","publisherLocation":"Oxford","doi":"10.1111/gto.12035","usgsCitation":"Waythomas, C.F., 2014, Water, ice and mud: Lahars and lahar hazards at ice- and snow-clad volcanoes: Geology Today, v. 30, no. 1, p. 34-39, https://doi.org/10.1111/gto.12035.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"34","endPage":"39","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050885","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326541,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b4395de4b03bcb0103a022","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waythomas, Christopher F. 0000-0002-3898-272X cwaythomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3898-272X","contributorId":640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waythomas","given":"Christopher","email":"cwaythomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":645531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70059787,"text":"sir20135239 - 2014 - Linkage of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool and the Texas Water Availability Model to simulate the effects of brush management on monthly storage of Canyon Lake, south-central Texas, 1995-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T13:15:08","indexId":"sir20135239","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-23T16:05:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5239","title":"Linkage of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool and the Texas Water Availability Model to simulate the effects of brush management on monthly storage of Canyon Lake, south-central Texas, 1995-2010","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board, developed and applied an approach to create a linkage between the published upper Guadalupe River Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) brush-management (ashe juniper [Juniperus ashei]) model and the full authorization version Guadalupe River Water Availability Model (WAM). The SWAT model was published by the USGS, and the Guadalupe River WAM is available from the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. The upper Guadalupe River watershed is a substantial component of the Guadalupe River WAM. This report serves in part as documentation of a proof of concept on the feasibility of linking these two water-resources planning models for the purpose of simulating possible increases in water storage in Canyon Lake as a result of different brush-management scenarios.
\nThe SWAT-WAM linkage for the upper Guadalupe River is documented with a principal objective to evaluate the distributional characteristics of the monthly water storage of Canyon Lake during selected drought conditions. Focus is on the relative evaluation of select scenarios of large-scale or “extensive” brush management within the upper Guadalupe River watershed. There are six SWAT simulations for the upper Guadalupe River watershed that include a baseline (0-percent management of treatable ashe juniper, the baseline scenario from a previous study in which no percentage of ashe juniper is numerically replaced with grassland) along with five scenarios (extensions of SWAT simulations from a previous study) of 20-, 40-, 60-, 80-, and 100-percent random (numerical) replacement of treatable ashe juniper with grasslands throughout the upper Guadalupe River watershed in south-central Texas.
\nSWAT is a process-based, semidistributed, water-balance model designed to predict the effects of landscape management decisions on water yields. A watershed is subdivided into subbasins, and each subbasin is associated with a single reach on the stream network. In general a WAM, such as the Guadalupe River WAM, provides analysis of generalized water rights in a river and reservoir framework. A WAM accommodates hydrology and water usage through several input files containing water rights, watershed parameters, and naturalized streamflow time series. A WAM is generalized for application to rivers and reservoir systems, and input datasets are uniquely developed for a river basin of concern.
\nThe extractions of SWAT output for the five extensive brush-management and baseline scenarios were offset by –21 years and, in general, the results were then mapped to the WAM input-flow file. The offset of –21 years was chosen arbitrarily for technical reasons and means that the period of monthly record 1995–2010 of the upper Guadalupe River SWAT became the synthetic period of monthly record 1974–89, hereinafter 1974–89 (synthetic) period, of the Guadalupe River WAM.
\nThe relative (between scenario to baseline) effects of extensive brush-management scenarios by using the SWAT-WAM linkage were evaluated, and two critical intermediate results were total inflow to Canyon Lake from 1995 to 2010 and the monthly storage of Canyon Lake from 1974 to 1989 (synthetic). The first quartile or lower 25th percentile of monthly storage of Canyon Lake for the baseline scenario is 381,000 acre-feet (acre-ft) for the hereinafter 1974–89 (synthetic) period. This lower quartile was chosen for analysis for two critical purposes. First, Canyon Lake is managed with a conservation pool of about 386,200 acre-ft capacity (as recognized by the WAM) and is at or near conservation capacity about 50 percent or more of the time; further, there is intrinsic data censoring that occurs for the monthly storage distribution because Canyon Lake is at or near conservation pool elevation the majority of the time. This intrinsic censoring has the effect of creating a bounded distribution with a left or low-volume tail. Statistical assessment of the brush-management scenarios beginning with the 381,000 acre-ft censoring threshold provides readily interpretable results. Second, the quantification of brush management during periods lacking abundant rainfall, which were defined in this study as months for which Canyon Lake storage was below the 25th percentile for the simulation period, are of substantial interest to water-resource managers and stakeholders in the context of water-supply enhancement.
\nA statistical assessment of the SWAT-WAM linkage for the low-volume tail of the distribution of monthly storage of Canyon Lake is the focus of analysis and interpretation. Drought periods for the analysis are defined as the months (consecutive or not) during which Canyon Lake is below the 25th percentile of storage (381,000 acre-ft) for the baseline scenario. Such months are referred to as being within the “Drought Quartile.” The Drought Quartile is a conceptual and heuristically determined waypoint for the analysis and is not related to any administrative definition of drought by stakeholders or policy makers.
\nThe five scenarios and the baseline scenario simulated in the upper Guadalupe River SWAT were all passed through the Guadalupe River WAM by the SWAT-WAM linkage described in this report. A comparison of the mean increase per month in reservoir storage for Canyon Lake conditioned for the Drought Quartile was made. For each of the five brush-management and baseline scenarios, the months with storage below 381,000 acre-ft were extracted. The mean monthly storages during the Drought Quartile were computed for each of the five scenarios and the baseline scenario. The mean of the baseline scenario was 376,458 acre-ft and subsequently was subtracted from the mean monthly storage during the Drought Quartile for each of the five scenarios.
\nThe mean monthly offset storages of Canyon Lake during the Drought Quartile were 110 acre-ft (20 percent); 448 acre-ft (40 percent); 754 acre-ft (60 percent); 1,080 acre-ft (80 percent); and 1,090 acre-ft (100 percent). A particular mean was interpreted as follows: the value of 754 acre-ft for the 60-percent brush-management scenario implies that, on average, this scenario indicates an additional 754 acre-ft per month of storage in Canyon Lake relative to the baseline during the Drought Quartile. All of the five scenarios resulted in an increase on average to water supply relative to the baseline scenario during the Drought Quartile through the SWAT-WAM linkage.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135239","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board","usgsCitation":"Asquith, W.H., and Bumgarner, J.R., 2014, Linkage of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool and the Texas Water Availability Model to simulate the effects of brush management on monthly storage of Canyon Lake, south-central Texas, 1995-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5239, Report: v, 25 p.; Appendixes 1-3, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135239.","productDescription":"Report: v, 25 p.; Appendixes 1-3","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1995-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-052867","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281446,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135239.jpg"},{"id":281444,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5239/"},{"id":281445,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5239/pdf/sir2013-5239.pdf"}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Canyon Lake, Guadalupe River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100.0635,28.118 ], [ -100.0635,31.0012 ], [ -95.614,31.0012 ], [ -95.614,28.118 ], [ -100.0635,28.118 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd64b3e4b0b290850ff9ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Asquith, William H. 0000-0002-7400-1861 wasquith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7400-1861","contributorId":1007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asquith","given":"William","email":"wasquith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bumgarner, Johnathan R. jbumgarner@usgs.gov","contributorId":5378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bumgarner","given":"Johnathan","email":"jbumgarner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":487825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70048661,"text":"70048661 - 2014 - Towards the definition of AMS facies in the deposits of pyroclastic density currents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-14T14:02:40","indexId":"70048661","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-23T11:57:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3583,"text":"The Use of Palaeomagnetism and Rock Magnetism to Understand Volcanic Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Towards the definition of AMS facies in the deposits of pyroclastic density currents","docAbstract":"Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) provides a statistically robust technique to characterize the fabrics of deposits of pyroclastic density currents (PDCs). AMS fabrics in two types of pyroclastic deposits (small-volume phreatomagmatic currents in the Hopi Buttes volcanic field, Arizona, USA, and large-volume caldera-forming currents, Caviahue Caldera, Neuquén, Argentina) show similar patterns. Near the vent and in areas of high topographical roughness, AMS depositional fabrics are poorly grouped, with weak lineations and foliations. In a densely welded proximal ignimbrite, this fabric is overprinted by a foliation formed as the rock compacted and deformed. Medial deposits have moderate–strong AMS lineations and foliations. The most distal deposits have strong foliations but weak lineations. Based on these facies and existing models for pyroclastic density currents, deposition in the medial areas occurs from the strongly sheared, high-particle-concentration base of a density-stratified current. In proximal areas and where topography mixes this denser base upwards into the current, deposition occurs rapidly from a current with little uniformity to the shear, in which particles fall and collide in a chaotic fashion. Distal deposits are emplaced by a slowing or stalled current so that the dominant particle motion is vertical, leading to weak lineation and strong foliation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Use of Palaeomagnetism and Rock Magnetism to Understand Volcanic Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/SP396.8","usgsCitation":"Ort, M., Newkirk, T., Vilas, J., and Vazquez, J., 2014, Towards the definition of AMS facies in the deposits of pyroclastic density currents: The Use of Palaeomagnetism and Rock Magnetism to Understand Volcanic Processes, v. 396, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1144/SP396.8.","productDescription":"22 p.","numberOfPages":"22","ipdsId":"IP-049094","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473208,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11336/79036","text":"External Repository"},{"id":286186,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286185,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1144/SP396.8"}],"country":"Argentina;United States","state":"Arizona;Neuqu�n","otherGeospatial":"Caviahue Caldera;Hopi Buttes Volcanic Field","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.82,-41.08 ], [ -114.82,37.0 ], [ -68.0,37.0 ], [ -68.0,-41.08 ], [ -114.82,-41.08 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"396","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5351706ae4b05569d805a415","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ort, M.H.","contributorId":25957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ort","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509620,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Porreca, Massimiliano","contributorId":17840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porreca","given":"Massimiliano","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509619,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Geissman, J. W.","contributorId":105760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geissman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509621,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Ort, M.H.","contributorId":25957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ort","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newkirk, T.T.","contributorId":34427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newkirk","given":"T.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vilas, J.F.","contributorId":59349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vilas","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vazquez, J.A.","contributorId":15417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vazquez","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70058499,"text":"ofr20131309 - 2014 - Assessment of the geoavailability of trace elements from selected zinc minerals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-23T09:55:44","indexId":"ofr20131309","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-23T09:33:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1309","title":"Assessment of the geoavailability of trace elements from selected zinc minerals","docAbstract":"This assessment focused on five zinc-bearing minerals. The minerals were subjected to a number of analyses including quantitative X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, leaching tests, and bioaccessibility and toxicity studies. Like a previous comprehensive assessment of five copper-bearing minerals, the purpose of this assessment was to obtain structural and chemical information and to characterize the reactivity of each mineral to various simulated environmental and biological conditions. As in the copper minerals study, analyses were conducted consistent with widely accepted methods. Unless otherwise noted, analytical methods used for this study were identical to those described in the investigation of copper-bearing minerals.
\nTwo sphalerite specimens were included in the zinc-minerals set. One sphalerite was recovered from a mine in Balmat, New York; the second came from a mine in Creede, Colorado. The location and conditions of origin are significant because, as analyses confirmed, the two sphalerite specimens are quite different. For example, data acquired from a simulated gastric fluid (SGF) study indicate that the hydrothermally formed Creede sphalerite contains orders of magnitude higher arsenic, cadmium, manganese, and lead than the much older metamorphic Balmat sphalerite. The SGF and other experimental results contained in this report suggest that crystallizing conditions such as temperature, pressure, fluidization, or alteration processes significantly affect mineral properties—properties that, in turn, influence reactivity, solubility, and toxicity.
\nThe three remaining minerals analyzed for this report—smithsonite, hemimorphite, and hydrozincite—are all secondary minerals or alteration products of zinc-ore deposits. In addition, all share physical characteristics such as tenacity, density, streak, and cleavage. Similarities end there. The chemical composition, unit-cell parameters, acid-neutralizing potential, and other observable and quantifiable properties indicate very different minerals. Only one of each of these minerals was studied. Had this assessment included multiples of these minerals, geochemical and mineralogical distinctions would have emerged, similar to the results for the two sphalerite specimens.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131309","usgsCitation":"Driscoll, R.L., Hageman, P.L., Benzel, W., Diehl, S.F., Morman, S., Choate, L.M., and Lowers, H., 2014, Assessment of the geoavailability of trace elements from selected zinc minerals: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1309, viii, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131309.","productDescription":"viii, 78 p.","numberOfPages":"86","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-040884","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281410,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131309.jpg"},{"id":281409,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1309/"},{"id":281411,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1309/pdf/of2013-1309.pdf"}],"country":"Mexico;United States","state":"Arizona;Chihuahua;Colorado;New York","city":"Balmat;Creede;Dragoon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.82,25.56 ], [ -114.82,45.02 ], [ -71.85,45.02 ], [ -71.85,25.56 ], [ -114.82,25.56 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4e4be4b0b290850f1ff0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Driscoll, Rhonda L. 0000-0001-7725-8956 rdriscoll@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7725-8956","contributorId":745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driscoll","given":"Rhonda","email":"rdriscoll@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hageman, Phillip L.","contributorId":19191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hageman","given":"Phillip","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Benzel, William 0000-0002-4085-1876 wbenzel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4085-1876","contributorId":3594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benzel","given":"William","email":"wbenzel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Diehl, Sharon F. diehl@usgs.gov","contributorId":1089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diehl","given":"Sharon","email":"diehl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morman, Suzette","contributorId":33352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morman","given":"Suzette","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Choate, LaDonna M. 0000-0002-0229-7210 lchoate@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0229-7210","contributorId":1176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choate","given":"LaDonna","email":"lchoate@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lowers, Heather 0000-0001-5360-9264","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-9264","contributorId":52609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowers","given":"Heather","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70058469,"text":"ofr20131283 - 2014 - Hydrologic monitoring of a landslide-prone hillslope in the Elliott State Forest, Southern Coast Range, Oregon, 2009-2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-23T08:58:11","indexId":"ofr20131283","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-22T14:47:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1283","title":"Hydrologic monitoring of a landslide-prone hillslope in the Elliott State Forest, Southern Coast Range, Oregon, 2009-2012","docAbstract":"The Oregon Coast Range is dissected by numerous unchanneled headwater basins, which can \ngenerate shallow landslides and debris flows during heavy or prolonged rainfall. An automated \nmonitoring system was installed in an unchanneled headwater basin to measure rainfall, volumetric \nwater content, groundwater temperature, and pore pressures at 15-minute intervals. The purpose of this \nreport is to describe and present the methods used for the monitoring as well as the preliminary data \ncollected during the period from 2009 to 2012. Observations show a pronounced seasonal variation in \nvolumetric water content and pore pressures. Increases in pore pressures and volumetric water content \nfrom dry-season values begin with the onset of the rainy season in the fall (typically early to mid \nOctober). High water contents and pore pressures tend to persist throughout the rainy season, which \ntypically ends in May. Heavy or prolonged rainfall during the wet season that falls on already moist \nsoils often generates positive pore pressures that are observed in the deeper instruments. These data \nprovide a record of the basin’s hydrologic response to rainfall and provide a foundation for \nunderstanding the conditions that lead to landslide and debris-flow occurrence.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131283","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Oregon Department of Forestry, Elliott State Forest; Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries; and Colorado School of Mines","usgsCitation":"Smith, J.B., Godt, J.W., Baum, R.L., Coe, J.A., Burns, W.J., Morse, M., Sener-Kaya, B., and Kaya, M., 2014, Hydrologic monitoring of a landslide-prone hillslope in the Elliott State Forest, Southern Coast Range, Oregon, 2009-2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1283, v, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131283.","productDescription":"v, 61 p.","numberOfPages":"66","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049379","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281397,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131283.jpg"},{"id":281395,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1283/pdf/of13-1283.pdf"},{"id":281396,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1283/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Elliott State Forest;Southern Coast Range","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.3079,42.1982 ], [ -124.3079,43.7067 ], [ -123.4657,43.7067 ], [ -123.4657,42.1982 ], [ -124.3079,42.1982 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6191e4b0b290850fd9b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Joel B. 0000-0001-7219-7875 jbsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7219-7875","contributorId":4925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Joel","email":"jbsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Godt, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-8737-2493 jgodt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493","contributorId":1166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgodt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baum, Rex L. 0000-0001-5337-1970 baum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5337-1970","contributorId":1288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"Rex","email":"baum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coe, Jeffrey A. 0000-0002-0842-9608 jcoe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0842-9608","contributorId":1333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jcoe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burns, William J.","contributorId":50078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Morse, Michael M.","contributorId":11115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morse","given":"Michael M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sener-Kaya, Basak","contributorId":84267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sener-Kaya","given":"Basak","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kaya, Murat","contributorId":103576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaya","given":"Murat","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70046522,"text":"70046522 - 2014 - An enhanced archive facilitating climate impacts analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-23T15:09:01","indexId":"70046522","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-22T13:23:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1112,"text":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","onlineIssn":"1520-0477","printIssn":"0003-0007","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An enhanced archive facilitating climate impacts analysis","docAbstract":"We describe the expansion of a publicly available archive of downscaled climate and hydrology projections for the United States. Those studying or planning to adapt to future climate impacts demand downscaled climate model output for local or regional use. The archive we describe attempts to fulfill this need by providing data in several formats, selectable to meet user needs. Our archive has served as a resource for climate impacts modelers, water managers, educators, and others. Over 1,400 individuals have transferred more than 50 TB of data from the archive. In response to user demands, the archive has expanded from monthly downscaled data to include daily data to facilitate investigations of phenomena sensitive to daily to monthly temperature and precipitation, including extremes in these quantities. New developments include downscaled output from the new Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) climate model simulations at both the monthly and daily time scales, as well as simulations of surface hydrologi- cal variables. The web interface allows the extraction of individual projections or ensemble statistics for user-defined regions, promoting the rapid assessment of model consensus and uncertainty for future projections of precipitation, temperature, and hydrology. The archive is accessible online (http://gdo-dcp.ucllnl.org/downscaled_ cmip_projections).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00126.1","usgsCitation":"Maurer, E., Brekke, L., Pruitt, T., Thrasher, B., Long, J., Duffy, P., Dettinger, M., Cayan, D., and Arnold, J., 2014, An enhanced archive facilitating climate impacts analysis: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, v. 95, no. 7, p. 1011-1019, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00126.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1011","endPage":"1019","ipdsId":"IP-046357","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473209,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-13-00126.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":294379,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294378,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00126.1"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 173.0,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,16.916667 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"95","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422bb13e4b08312ac7ceef3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maurer, E.P.","contributorId":30338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maurer","given":"E.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brekke, L.","contributorId":65778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brekke","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pruitt, T.","contributorId":60876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pruitt","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thrasher, B.","contributorId":88665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thrasher","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Long, J.","contributorId":41993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Duffy, P.","contributorId":40435,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duffy","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dettinger, M. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":78909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cayan, D.","contributorId":49563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Arnold, J.","contributorId":76669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70048762,"text":"70048762 - 2014 - A previously unrecognized path of early Holocene base flow and elevated discharge from Lake Minong to Lake Chippewa across eastern Upper Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-23T14:33:14","indexId":"70048762","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-22T13:10:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A previously unrecognized path of early Holocene base flow and elevated discharge from Lake Minong to Lake Chippewa across eastern Upper Michigan","docAbstract":"It has long been hypothesized that flux of fresh meltwater from glacial Lake Minong in North America's Superior Basin to the North Atlantic Ocean triggered rapid climatic shifts during the early Holocene. The spatial context of recent support for this idea demands a reevaluation of the exit point of meltwater from the Superior Basin. We used ground penetrating radar (GPR), foundation borings from six highway bridges, a GIS model of surface topography, geologic maps, U.S. Department of Agriculture–Natural Resources Conservation Service soils maps, and well logs to investigate the possible linkage of Lake Minong with Lake Chippewa in the Lake Michigan Basin across eastern Upper Michigan. GPR suggests that a connecting channel lies buried beneath the present interlake divide at Danaher. A single optical age hints that the channel aggraded to 225 m as elevated receipt of Lake Agassiz meltwater in the Superior Basin began to wane <10.6 ka. The large supply of sediment required to accommodate aggradation was immediately available at the channel's edge in the littoral shelves of abandoned Lake Algonquin and in distal parts of post-Algonquin fans. As discharge decreased further, the aggraded channel floor was quickly breached and interbasin flow to Lake Chippewa was restored. Basal radiocarbon ages on wood from small lakes along the discharge path and a GIS model of Minong's shoreline are consistent with another transgression of Minong after ca. 9.5 ka. At the peak of the latter transgression, the southeastern rim of the Superior Basin (Nadoway Drift Barrier) failed, ending Lake Minong. Upon Minong's final drop, aggradational sediments were deposited at Danaher, infilling the prior breach.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"GSA Special Papers","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2014.2508(01)","usgsCitation":"Loope, W.L., Jol, H.M., Fisher, T.G., Blewett, W.L., Loope, H.M., and Legg, R.J., 2014, A previously unrecognized path of early Holocene base flow and elevated discharge from Lake Minong to Lake Chippewa across eastern Upper Michigan: GSA Special Papers, v. 508, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1130/2014.2508(01).","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","ipdsId":"IP-051112","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294371,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294370,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2014.2508(01)"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.6753,46.4146 ], [ -84.6753,46.5054 ], [ -84.527,46.5054 ], [ -84.527,46.4146 ], [ -84.6753,46.4146 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"508","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422bb09e4b08312ac7ceec9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loope, Walter L. wloope@usgs.gov","contributorId":4616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loope","given":"Walter","email":"wloope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jol, Harry M.","contributorId":11571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jol","given":"Harry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fisher, Timothy G.","contributorId":45659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blewett, William L.","contributorId":57031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blewett","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Loope, Henry M.","contributorId":79381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loope","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Legg, Robert J.","contributorId":30527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Legg","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70073494,"text":"70073494 - 2014 - Uncertainty, robustness, and the value of information in managing an expanding Arctic goose population","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-22T13:12:00","indexId":"70073494","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-22T13:09:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uncertainty, robustness, and the value of information in managing an expanding Arctic goose population","docAbstract":"We explored the application of dynamic-optimization methods to the problem of pink-footed goose (Anser brachyrhynchus) management in western Europe. We were especially concerned with the extent to which uncertainty in population dynamics influenced an optimal management strategy, the gain in management performance that could be expected if uncertainty could be eliminated or reduced, and whether an adaptive or robust management strategy might be most appropriate in the face of uncertainty. We combined three alternative survival models with three alternative reproductive models to form a set of nine annual-cycle models for pink-footed geese. These models represent a wide range of possibilities concerning the extent to which demographic rates are density dependent or independent, and the extent to which they are influenced by spring temperatures. We calculated state-dependent harvest strategies for these models using stochastic dynamic programming and an objective function that maximized sustainable harvest, subject to a constraint on desired population size. As expected, attaining the largest mean objective value (i.e., the relative measure of management performance) depended on the ability to match a model-dependent optimal strategy with its generating model of population dynamics. The nine models suggested widely varying objective values regardless of the harvest strategy, with the density-independent models generally producing higher objective values than models with density-dependent survival. In the face of uncertainty as to which of the nine models is most appropriate, the optimal strategy assuming that both survival and reproduction were a function of goose abundance and spring temperatures maximized the expected minimum objective value (i.e., maxi–min). In contrast, the optimal strategy assuming equal model weights minimized the expected maximum loss in objective value. The expected value of eliminating model uncertainty was an increase in objective value of only 3.0%. This value represents the difference between the best that could be expected if the most appropriate model were known and the best that could be expected in the face of model uncertainty. The value of eliminating uncertainty about the survival process was substantially higher than that associated with the reproductive process, which is consistent with evidence that variation in survival is more important than variation in reproduction in relatively long-lived avian species. Comparing the expected objective value if the most appropriate model were known with that of the maxi–min robust strategy, we found the value of eliminating uncertainty to be an expected increase of 6.2% in objective value. This result underscores the conservatism of the maxi–min rule and suggests that risk-neutral managers would prefer the optimal strategy that maximizes expected value, which is also the strategy that is expected to minimize the maximum loss (i.e., a strategy based on equal model weights). The low value of information calculated for pink-footed geese suggests that a robust strategy (i.e., one in which no learning is anticipated) could be as nearly effective as an adaptive one (i.e., a strategy in which the relative credibility of models is assessed through time). Of course, an alternative explanation for the low value of information is that the set of population models we considered was too narrow to represent key uncertainties in population dynamics. Yet we know that questions about the presence of density dependence must be central to the development of a sustainable harvest strategy. And while there are potentially many environmental covariates that could help explain variation in survival or reproduction, our admission of models in which vital rates are drawn randomly from reasonable distributions represents a worst-case scenario for management. We suspect that much of the value of the various harvest strategies we calculated is derived from the fact that they are state dependent, such that appropriate harvest rates depend on population abundance and weather conditions, as well as our focus on an infinite time horizon for sustainability.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.10.031","usgsCitation":"Johnson, F.A., Jensen, G., Madsen, J., and Williams, B.K., 2014, Uncertainty, robustness, and the value of information in managing an expanding Arctic goose population: Ecological Modelling, v. 273, p. 186-199, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.10.031.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"186","endPage":"199","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-044497","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473210,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.10.031","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":281382,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281381,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.10.031"}],"volume":"273","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52e0e93ee4b0d0c3df9947bf","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.10.031","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.10.031","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Johnson Fred A., Jensen Gitte H., Madsen Jesper, Williams Byron K.","journalName":"Ecological Modelling","publicationDate":"2/2014","auditedOn":"3/22/2016","publiclyAccessibleDate":"11/4/2013"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Fred A. 0000-0002-5854-3695 fjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5854-3695","contributorId":2773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Fred","email":"fjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jensen, Gitte H.","contributorId":74671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"Gitte H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Madsen, Jesper","contributorId":9950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madsen","given":"Jesper","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, Byron K. 0000-0001-7644-1396","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7644-1396","contributorId":86616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Byron","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":488814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70072831,"text":"70072831 - 2014 - Thermal behavior and ice-table depth within the north polar erg of Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T10:42:25","indexId":"70072831","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-22T13:04:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal behavior and ice-table depth within the north polar erg of Mars","docAbstract":"We fully resolve a long-standing thermal discrepancy concerning the north polar erg of Mars. Several recent studies have shown that the erg’s thermal properties are consistent with normal basaltic sand overlying shallow ground ice or ice-cemented sand. Our findings bolster that conclusion by thoroughly characterizing the thermal behavior of the erg, demonstrating that other likely forms of physical heterogeneity play only a minor role, and obviating the need to invoke exotic materials. Thermal inertia as calculated from orbital temperature observations of the dunes has previously been found to be more consistent with dust-sized materials than with sand. Since theory and laboratory data show that dunes will only form out of sand-sized particles, exotic sand-sized agglomerations of dust have been invoked to explain the low values of thermal inertia. However, the polar dunes exhibit the same darker appearance and color as that of dunes found elsewhere on the planet that have thermal inertia consistent with normal sand-sized basaltic grains, whereas Martian dust deposits are generally lighter and redder. The alternative explanation for the discrepancy as a thermal effect of a shallow ice table is supported by our analysis of observations from the Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer and the Mars Odyssey Thermal Emission Imaging System and by forward modeling of physical heterogeneity. In addition, our results exclude a uniform composition of dark dust-sized materials, and they show that the thermal effects of the dune slopes and bright interdune materials evident in high-resolution images cannot account for the erg’s thermal behavior.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2013.07.010","usgsCitation":"Putzig, N.E., Mellon, M.T., Herkenhoff, K.E., Phillips, R.J., Davis, B.J., Ewer, K.J., and Bowers, L.M., 2014, Thermal behavior and ice-table depth within the north polar erg of Mars: Icarus, v. 230, p. 64-76, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2013.07.010.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"64","endPage":"76","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-043367","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281377,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2013.07.010"},{"id":281380,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"230","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd78d1e4b0b2908510c6a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Putzig, Nathaniel E.","contributorId":100991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Putzig","given":"Nathaniel","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mellon, Michael T.","contributorId":8603,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mellon","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":7037,"text":"Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":488568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Phillips, Roger J.","contributorId":74495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Phillips","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":24730,"text":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":488572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Davis, Brian J.","contributorId":54333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ewer, Kenneth J.","contributorId":44457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewer","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bowers, Lauren M.","contributorId":25457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowers","given":"Lauren","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70059343,"text":"ofr20131300 - 2014 - The Tetracorder user guide: version 4.4","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-29T18:01:32.641648","indexId":"ofr20131300","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-22T12:39:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1300","title":"The Tetracorder user guide: version 4.4","docAbstract":"Imaging spectroscopy mapping software assists in the identification and mapping of materials based on their chemical properties as expressed in spectral measurements of a planet including the solid or liquid surface or atmosphere. Such software can be used to analyze field, aircraft, or spacecraft data; remote sensing datasets; or laboratory spectra. Tetracorder is a set of software algorithms commanded through an expert system to identify materials based on their spectra (Clark and others, 2003). Tetracorder also can be used in traditional remote sensing analyses, because some of the algorithms are a version of a matched filter. Thus, depending on the instructions fed to the Tetracorder system, results can range from simple matched filter output, to spectral feature fitting, to full identification of surface materials (within the limits of the spectral signatures of materials over the spectral range and resolution of the imaging spectroscopy data). A basic understanding of spectroscopy by the user is required for developing an optimum mapping strategy and assessing the results.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131300","usgsCitation":"Livo, K.E., and Clark, R.N., 2014, The Tetracorder user guide: version 4.4: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1300, iv, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131300.","productDescription":"iv, 51 p.","numberOfPages":"55","ipdsId":"IP-044895","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":425655,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1300/ofr20131300.zip","size":"1.83 GB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":281374,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1300/pdf/of2013-1300.pdf"},{"id":281373,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1300/"},{"id":281375,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131300.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7746e4b0b2908510b721","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Livo, Keith Eric 0000-0001-7331-8130","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7331-8130","contributorId":39422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livo","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70047738,"text":"70047738 - 2014 - A bivalent scale for measuring crowding among deer hunters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-22T11:42:58","indexId":"70047738","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-22T10:52:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1910,"text":"Human Dimensions of Wildlife: An International Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A bivalent scale for measuring crowding among deer hunters","docAbstract":"One factor that may influence satisfaction in outdoor recreation is crowding, which historically has been defined as a negative evaluation of the density of other participants. While this definition is suitable for most scenarios, there are circumstances where encounters with others in the area are evaluated positively and thus contribute to the satisfaction of the participant. To adequately describe this phenomenon we suggest a more inclusive measurement of crowding that allows for both positive and negative evaluations of participant density to more accurately explore the relationship between crowding and satisfaction. We identified a sub-group of deer hunters who negatively evaluated the low density of other hunters, which reduced their satisfaction with their overall hunting experience. The methodology for measuring crowding in recreation research may have an important effect in identifying the relationship crowding has with other relevant variables as well as management implications.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Human Dimensions of Wildlife: An International Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Routledge","doi":"10.1080/10871209.2013.811619","usgsCitation":"Gigliotti, L.M., and Chase, L., 2014, A bivalent scale for measuring crowding among deer hunters: Human Dimensions of Wildlife: An International Journal, v. 19, no. 1, p. 96-103, https://doi.org/10.1080/10871209.2013.811619.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"96","endPage":"103","ipdsId":"IP-038235","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281366,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10871209.2013.811619"},{"id":281367,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10871209.2013.811619"},{"id":281368,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Black Hills","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.79,43.27 ], [ -104.79,44.79 ], [ -102.75,44.79 ], [ -102.75,43.27 ], [ -104.79,43.27 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52e0e861e4b0d0c3df99467d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gigliotti, Larry M. 0000-0002-1693-5113 lgigliotti@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-5113","contributorId":3906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gigliotti","given":"Larry","email":"lgigliotti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chase, Loren","contributorId":71095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"Loren","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70073711,"text":"70073711 - 2014 - Implementation of a non-lethal biopsy punch monitoring program for mercury in smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu Lacepede, from the Eleven Point River, Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-11T15:32:31.626607","indexId":"70073711","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-22T10:08:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Implementation of a non-lethal biopsy punch monitoring program for mercury in smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu Lacepede, from the Eleven Point River, Missouri","title":"Implementation of a non-lethal biopsy punch monitoring program for mercury in smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu Lacepede, from the Eleven Point River, Missouri","docAbstract":"A non-lethal biopsy method for monitoring mercury (Hg) concentrations in smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu; smallmouth) from the Eleven Point River in southern Missouri USA was evaluated. A biopsy punch was used to remove a muscle tissue plug from the area immediately below the anterior dorsal fin of 31 smallmouth. An additional 35 smallmouth (controls) were held identically except that no tissue plug was removed. After sampling, all fish were held in a concrete hatchery raceway for 6 weeks. Mean survival at the end of the holding period was 97 % for both groups. Smallmouth length, weight and Fulton’s condition factor at the end of the holding period were also similar between plugged and non-plugged controls, indicating that the biopsy procedure had minimal impact on growth under these conditions. Tissue plug Hg concentrations were similar to smallmouth Hg data obtained in previous years by removing the entire fillet for analysis.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00128-013-1145-x","usgsCitation":"Ackerson, J., McKee, M.J., Schmitt, C., and Brumbaugh, W.G., 2014, Implementation of a non-lethal biopsy punch monitoring program for mercury in smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu Lacepede, from the Eleven Point River, Missouri: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 92, no. 2, p. 125-131, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-013-1145-x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"131","ipdsId":"IP-032402","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281362,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Eleven Point River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91.699969,36.502402 ], [ -91.699969,36.960244 ], [ -90.886818,36.960244 ], [ -90.886818,36.502402 ], [ -91.699969,36.502402 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"92","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52e0e93be4b0d0c3df9947b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ackerson, J. R.","contributorId":60950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ackerson","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKee, M. J.","contributorId":9570,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKee","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmitt, C. J. 0000-0001-6804-2360","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-2360","contributorId":56339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"C. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brumbaugh, William G. 0000-0003-0081-375X bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0081-375X","contributorId":493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"William","email":"bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70073849,"text":"70073849 - 2014 - Tsunami impact to Washington and northern Oregon from segment ruptures on the southern Cascadia subduction zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-24T09:31:35","indexId":"70073849","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-22T09:24:43","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2822,"text":"Natural Hazards","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tsunami impact to Washington and northern Oregon from segment ruptures on the southern Cascadia subduction zone","docAbstract":"This paper explores the size and arrival of tsunamis in Oregon and Washington from the most likely partial ruptures of the Cascadia subduction zone (CSZ) in order to determine (1) how quickly tsunami height declines away from sources, (2) evacuation time before significant inundation, and (3) extent of felt shaking that would trigger evacuation. According to interpretations of offshore turbidite deposits, the most frequent partial ruptures are of the southern CSZ. Combined recurrence of ruptures extending ~490 km from Cape Mendocino, California, to Waldport, Oregon (segment C) and ~320 km from Cape Mendocino to Cape Blanco, Oregon (segment D), is ~530 years. This recurrence is similar to frequency of full-margin ruptures on the CSZ inferred from paleoseismic data and to frequency of the largest distant tsunami sources threatening Washington and Oregon, ~Mw 9.2 earthquakes from the Gulf of Alaska. Simulated segment C and D ruptures produce relatively low-amplitude tsunamis north of source areas, even for extreme (20 m) peak slip on segment C. More than ~70 km north of segments C and D, the first tsunami arrival at the 10-m water depth has an amplitude of <1.9 m. The largest waves are trapped edge waves with amplitude ≤4.2 m that arrive ≥2 h after the earthquake. MM V–VI shaking could trigger evacuation of educated populaces as far north as Newport, Oregon for segment D events and Grays Harbor, Washington for segment C events. The NOAA and local warning systems will be the only warning at greater distances from sources.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Hazards","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11069-014-1041-7","usgsCitation":"Priest, G., Zhang, Y., Witter, R., Wang, K., Goldfinger, C., and Stimely, L., 2014, Tsunami impact to Washington and northern Oregon from segment ruptures on the southern Cascadia subduction zone: Natural Hazards, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-014-1041-7.","productDescription":"22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-053815","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281466,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281465,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-014-1041-7"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon;Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cascadia Subduction Zone","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -0.01611111111111111,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -0.01611111111111111,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -0.01611111111111111,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -0.01611111111111111,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -0.01611111111111111,8.333333333333334E-4 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5351706ce4b05569d805a424","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Priest, George R.","contributorId":50950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Priest","given":"George R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhang, Yinglong","contributorId":8762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Yinglong","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Witter, Robert C. 0000-0002-1721-254X rwitter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1721-254X","contributorId":4528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witter","given":"Robert C.","email":"rwitter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wang, Kelin","contributorId":15266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Kelin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Goldfinger, Chris","contributorId":59460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfinger","given":"Chris","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stimely, Laura","contributorId":71092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stimely","given":"Laura","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70074668,"text":"70074668 - 2014 - Ocean warming and acidification have complex interactive effects on the dynamics of a marine fungal disease","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T14:50:55","indexId":"70074668","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-22T09:18:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3173,"text":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ocean warming and acidification have complex interactive effects on the dynamics of a marine fungal disease","docAbstract":"Diseases threaten the structure and function of marine ecosystems and are contributing to the global decline of coral reefs. We currently lack an understanding of how climate change stressors, such as ocean acidification (OA) and warming, may simultaneously affect coral reef disease dynamics, particularly diseases threatening key reef-building organisms, for example crustose coralline algae (CCA). Here, we use coralline fungal disease (CFD), a previously described CCA disease from the Pacific, to examine these simultaneous effects using both field observations and experimental manipulations. We identify the associated fungus as belonging to the subphylum Ustilaginomycetes and show linear lesion expansion rates on individual hosts can reach 6.5 mm per day. Further, we demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, that ocean-warming events could increase the frequency of CFD outbreaks on coral reefs, but that OA-induced lowering of pH may ameliorate outbreaks by slowing lesion expansion rates on individual hosts. Lowered pH may still reduce overall host survivorship, however, by reducing calcification and facilitating fungal bio-erosion. Such complex, interactive effects between simultaneous extrinsic environmental stressors on disease dynamics are important to consider if we are to accurately predict the response of coral reef communities to future climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Royal Society","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2013.3069","usgsCitation":"Williams, G.J., Price, N., Ushijima, B., Aeby, G.S., Callahan, S.M., Davy, S.K., Gove, J.M., Johnson, M.D., Knapp, I.S., Shore-Maggio, A., Smith, J.E., Videau, P., and Work, T.M., 2014, Ocean warming and acidification have complex interactive effects on the dynamics of a marine fungal disease: Proceedings of the Royal Society B, v. 281, no. 1778, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.3069.","productDescription":"10 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049400","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473211,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.3069","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":281870,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281869,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.3069"}],"volume":"281","issue":"1778","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"558a833ae4b0b6d21dd644a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Gareth J.","contributorId":47898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Gareth","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Price, Nichole N.","contributorId":9173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Nichole N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ushijima, Blake","contributorId":91782,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ushijima","given":"Blake","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13394,"text":"Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":489747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aeby, Greta S.","contributorId":64783,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aeby","given":"Greta","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":13394,"text":"Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":489746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Callahan, Sean M.","contributorId":97420,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Callahan","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13394,"text":"Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":489748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Davy, Simon K.","contributorId":53511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davy","given":"Simon","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gove, Jamison M.","contributorId":30906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gove","given":"Jamison","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Johnson, Maggie D.","contributorId":16313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Maggie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Knapp, Ingrid S.","contributorId":57198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knapp","given":"Ingrid","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Shore-Maggio, Amanda","contributorId":48475,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shore-Maggio","given":"Amanda","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13394,"text":"Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":489743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Smith, Jennifer E.","contributorId":25075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Videau, Patrick","contributorId":100740,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Videau","given":"Patrick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Work, Thierry M. 0000-0002-4426-9090 thierry_work@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4426-9090","contributorId":1187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Work","given":"Thierry","email":"thierry_work@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70058184,"text":"fs20133115 - 2014 - In-place oil shale resources in the saline-mineral and saline-leached intervals, Parachute Creek Member of the Green River Formation, Piceance Basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-22T09:03:57","indexId":"fs20133115","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-22T08:56:47","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3115","title":"In-place oil shale resources in the saline-mineral and saline-leached intervals, Parachute Creek Member of the Green River Formation, Piceance Basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"A recent U.S. Geological Survey analysis of the Green River Formation of the Piceance Basin in western Colorado shows that about 920 and 352 billion barrels of oil are potentially recoverable from oil shale resources using oil-yield cutoffs of 15 and 25 gallons per ton (GPT), respectively. This represents most of the high-grade oil shale in the United States. Much of this rich oil shale is found in the dolomitic Parachute Creek Member of the Green River Formation and is associated with the saline minerals nahcolite and halite, or in the interval where these minerals have been leached by groundwater. The remaining high-grade resource is located primarily in the underlying illitic Garden Gulch Member of the Green River Formation. Of the 352 billion barrels of potentially recoverable oil resources in high-grade (≥25 GPT) oil shale, the relative proportions present in the illitic interval, non-saline R-2 zone, saline-mineral interval, leached interval (excluding leached Mahogany zone), and Mahogany zone were 3.1, 4.5, 36.6, 23.9, and 29.9 percent of the total, respectively. Only 2 percent of high-grade oil shale is present in marginal areas where saline minerals were never deposited.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133115","usgsCitation":"Birdwell, J.E., Mercier, T.J., Johnson, R.C., Brownfield, M.E., and Dietrich, J.D., 2014, In-place oil shale resources in the saline-mineral and saline-leached intervals, Parachute Creek Member of the Green River Formation, Piceance Basin, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3115, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133115.","productDescription":"5 p.","ipdsId":"IP-049160","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281360,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133115.jpg"},{"id":281358,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3115/"},{"id":281359,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3115/pdf/fs2013-3115.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Piceance Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.75,39 ], [ -108.75,40.25 ], [ -107.75,40.25 ], [ -107.75,39 ], [ -108.75,39 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6239e4b0b290850fe0c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Birdwell, Justin E. 0000-0001-8263-1452 jbirdwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8263-1452","contributorId":3302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birdwell","given":"Justin","email":"jbirdwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mercier, Tracey J. 0000-0002-8232-525X tmercier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8232-525X","contributorId":2847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mercier","given":"Tracey","email":"tmercier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Ronald C. 0000-0002-6197-5165 rcjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6197-5165","contributorId":1550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Ronald","email":"rcjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brownfield, Michael E. 0000-0003-3633-1138 mbrownfield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3633-1138","contributorId":1548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownfield","given":"Michael","email":"mbrownfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dietrich, John D.","contributorId":53841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietrich","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70217581,"text":"70217581 - 2014 - Late Devonian–Mississippian(?) Zn-Pb(-Ag-Au-Ba-F) deposits and related aluminous alteration zones in the Nome Complex, Seward Peninsula, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-22T13:40:11.697389","indexId":"70217581","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-22T07:34:24","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Devonian–Mississippian(?) Zn-Pb(-Ag-Au-Ba-F) deposits and related aluminous alteration zones in the Nome Complex, Seward Peninsula, Alaska","docAbstract":"Stratabound base-metal sulfide deposits and occurrences are present in metasedimentary rocks of the Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic Nome Complex on south-central Seward Peninsula, Alaska. Stratabound and locally stratiform deposits including Aurora Creek (Zn-Au-Ba-F), Wheeler North (Pb-Zn-Ag-Au-F), and Nelson (Zn-Pb- Cu-Ag), consist of lenses typically 0.5–2.0 m thick containing disseminated to semimassive sulfides. Host strata of the Aurora Creek and Wheeler North deposits are variably calcareous and graphitic siliciclastic metasedimentary rocks of Middle Devonian or younger age based on detrital zircon geochronology; the Nelson deposit is within Ordovician–Devonian marble (Till et al., this volume, Chapter 4). Deformed veins such as Quarry (Zn-Pb-Ag-Ba-F) and Galena (Pb-Zn-Ag-F) occur in a unit composed mainly of marble and schist; fossil and detrital zircon data indicate that this unit contains rocks of Ordovician, Silurian, and Devonian age. None of these Zn- and Pbrich deposits or occurrences has spatially associated metavolcanic or intrusive rocks. All were deformed and metamorphosed to blueschist facies and then retrograded to greenschist facies during the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous Brookian orogeny. Disseminated Cu-rich deposits including Copper King (Cu-Bi-Sb-Pb-Ag-Au) and Wheeler South (Cu-Ag-Au) occur in silicified carbonate rocks and have textures that indicate a pre- to syn-metamorphic origin.
The Zn- and Pb-rich sulfide deposits and occurrences consist mainly of pyrite, sphalerite, and/or galena in a gangue of quartz and carbonate. Minor minerals include arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, magnetite, pyrrhotite, tetrahedrite, barite, fluorite, and chlorite; gold and electrum are trace to minor constituents locally. Sphalerite is uniformly unzoned and commonly aligned in the dominant foliation. These textures, together with the presence of folded layers of barite at Aurora Creek and folded sulfi de layers at Wheeler North, indicate that mineralization in the stratabound deposits predated deformation and metamorphism. Electron microprobe (EMP) analyses of the carbonate gangue show three major compositions comprising siderite, ankerite, and lesser dolomite. The Cu-rich deposits differ in containing chalcopyrite and bornite in a quartzose matrix.
Altered wall rocks surrounding the Zn- and Pb-rich deposits and occurrences have aluminous assemblages composed of muscovite + chloritoid + siderite + chlorite + quartz ± tourmaline ± ilmenite ± apatite ± monazite. Muscovite within these assemblages and in sulfide-rich samples is phengitic and locally enriched in barium; chloritoid at Aurora Creek is enriched in zinc. Minor minerals including pyrite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, barite, and hyalophane occur as fine-grained disseminations. These altered rocks vary from small lenses a few meters thick to large zones tens of meters in thickness that extend along strike, discontinuously, for 4 km or more. Whole-rock geochemical analyses of the altered rocks from deposit-proximal and deposit-distal settings reveal generally lower SiO2/Al2O3 ratios and higher Fe2O3 T/MgO ratios compared to those of unaltered clastic metasedimentary rocks of the Nome Complex and of average shale or graywacke. The deposit-proximal samples are also characterized by anomalously high Zn, Pb, Hg, and Sb, relative to the unaltered metasediments. These data, together with mass change calculations, suggest that the aluminous rocks formed as replacements of permeable graywacke in semi-conformable alteration zones, beneath the seafloor contemporaneously with Zn-and/or Pb-rich sulfide mineralization.
Exposures of all three stratabound Zn-Pb deposits show evidence of deformation and recrystallization that occurred in a largely brittle deformational regime. This evidence includes small faults and veins that cut foliation and localized zones of breccia. Sulfide minerals, fluorite, quartz, chlorite, and carbonate minerals crystallized within these structures, which probably formed during Cretaceous deformation of the Nome Complex.
Previous studies of the Zn-Pb(-Ag-Au-Ba-F) deposits and occurrences have invoked models of epigenetic veins, volcanogenic massive sulfides (VMS), or carbonate- replacement deposits (CRD). In contrast, our field and laboratory data (including sulfur isotopes; Shanks et al., this volume) suggest that these Zn- and/or Pb-rich deposits represent different levels of sediment-hosted, seafloor-hydrothermal systems, with stratabound and locally stratiform deposits such as Aurora Creek and Wheeler North having formed on the seafloor and/or in the shallow subsurface like many sedimentary-exhalative (SEDEX) deposits worldwide. The deformed veins such as Quarry and Galena are interpreted to have formed deep in the subsurface, possibly as feeders to overlying SEDEX deposits such as Aurora Creek. Formation of all of the Zn- and Pb-rich deposits and occurrences took place during episodic rifting of the continental margin between the Ordovician and Mississippian(?). Regional relationships are consistent with at least some of the deposits having formed in Late Devonian–Mississippian(?) time.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2014.2506(06)","usgsCitation":"Slack, J.F., Till, A., Belkin, H.E., and Shanks, W., 2014, Late Devonian–Mississippian(?) Zn-Pb(-Ag-Au-Ba-F) deposits and related aluminous alteration zones in the Nome Complex, Seward Peninsula, Alaska: GSA Special Papers, v. 506, p. 173-212, https://doi.org/10.1130/2014.2506(06).","productDescription":"40 p.","startPage":"173","endPage":"212","ipdsId":"IP-036872","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":382489,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Nome Complex","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -168.1787109375,\n 64.35893097894457\n ],\n [\n -160.576171875,\n 64.35893097894457\n ],\n [\n -160.576171875,\n 66.60067571342496\n ],\n [\n -168.1787109375,\n 66.60067571342496\n ],\n [\n -168.1787109375,\n 64.35893097894457\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"506","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slack, John F. 0000-0001-6600-3130 jfslack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6600-3130","contributorId":1032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"John","email":"jfslack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Till, Alison 0000-0002-6640-6877","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6640-6877","contributorId":247882,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Till","given":"Alison","affiliations":[{"id":12545,"text":"USGS retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belkin, Harvey E. 0000-0001-7879-6529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7879-6529","contributorId":190267,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belkin","given":"Harvey","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shanks, Wayne C.","contributorId":248280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shanks","given":"Wayne C.","affiliations":[{"id":12545,"text":"USGS retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70068449,"text":"ofr20141005 - 2014 - Bathymetric surveys and area/capacity tables of water-supply reservoirs for the city of Cameron, Missouri, July 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-21T14:31:49","indexId":"ofr20141005","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-21T14:16:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1005","title":"Bathymetric surveys and area/capacity tables of water-supply reservoirs for the city of Cameron, Missouri, July 2013","docAbstract":"Years of sediment accumulation and dry conditions in recent years have led to the decline of water levels and capacities for many water-supply reservoirs in Missouri, and have caused renewed interest in modernizing outdated area/capacity tables for these reservoirs. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, surveyed the bathymetry of the four water-supply reservoirs used by the city of Cameron, Missouri, in July 2013. The data were used to provide water managers with area/capacity tables and bathymetric maps of the reservoirs at the time of the surveys.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141005","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Huizinga, R.J., 2014, Bathymetric surveys and area/capacity tables of water-supply reservoirs for the city of Cameron, Missouri, July 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1005, iv, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141005.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052176","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281331,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1005/"},{"id":281335,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141005.jpg"},{"id":281334,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1005/pdf/of2014-1005.pdf"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Missouri","city":"Cameron","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.319842,39.724343 ], [ -94.319842,39.785227 ], [ -94.209326,39.785227 ], [ -94.209326,39.724343 ], [ -94.319842,39.724343 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4ef1e4b0b290850f2660","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huizinga, Richard J. 0000-0002-2940-2324 huizinga@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2940-2324","contributorId":2089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huizinga","given":"Richard","email":"huizinga@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70058887,"text":"fs20133114 - 2014 - Landslides in the northern Colorado Front Range caused by rainfall, September 11-13, 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-21T13:29:22","indexId":"fs20133114","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-21T13:13:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3114","title":"Landslides in the northern Colorado Front Range caused by rainfall, September 11-13, 2013","docAbstract":"During the second week of September 2013, nearly continuous rainfall caused widespread landslides and flooding in the northern Colorado Front Range. The combination of landslides and flooding was responsible for eight fatalities and caused extensive damage to buildings, highways, and infrastructure. Three fatalities were attributed to a fast moving type of landslide called debris flow. One fatality occurred in Jamestown, and two occurred in the community of Pinebrook Hills immediately west of the City of Boulder. All major canyon roads in the northern Front Range were periodically closed between September 11 and 13, 2013. Some canyon closures were caused by undercutting of roads by landslides and flooding, and some were caused by debris flows and rock slides that deposited material on road surfaces. Most of the canyon roads, with the exceptions of U.S. Highway 6 (Clear Creek Canyon), State Highway 46/Jefferson Co. Rd. 70 (Golden Gate Canyon), and Sunshine Canyon in Boulder County, remained closed at the end of September 2013. A review of historical records in Colorado indicates that this type of event, with widespread landslides and flooding occurring over a very large region, in such a short period of time, is rare.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133114","usgsCitation":"Godt, J.W., Coe, J.A., Kean, J.W., Baum, R.L., Jones, E.S., Harp, E.L., Staley, D.M., and Barnhart, W.D., 2014, Landslides in the northern Colorado Front Range caused by rainfall, September 11-13, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3114, 3 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133114.","productDescription":"3 p.","numberOfPages":"3","ipdsId":"IP-052251","costCenters":[{"id":428,"text":"National Landslide Information Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281326,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3114/pdf/fs2013-3114.pdf"},{"id":281327,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133114.jpg"},{"id":281325,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3114/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Boulder County","city":"Jamestown;Pinebrook Hills","otherGeospatial":"Clear Creek Canyon;Colorado Front Range;Golden Gate Canyon;Sunshine Canyon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.8011,39.6797 ], [ -105.8011,40.7473 ], [ -105.0815,40.7473 ], [ -105.0815,39.6797 ], [ -105.8011,39.6797 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd640ee4b0b290850ff387","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Godt, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-8737-2493 jgodt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493","contributorId":1166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgodt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coe, Jeffrey A. 0000-0002-0842-9608 jcoe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0842-9608","contributorId":1333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jcoe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kean, Jason W. 0000-0003-3089-0369 jwkean@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3089-0369","contributorId":1654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kean","given":"Jason","email":"jwkean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baum, Rex L. 0000-0001-5337-1970 baum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5337-1970","contributorId":1288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"Rex","email":"baum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jones, Eric S. 0000-0002-9200-8442 esjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9200-8442","contributorId":4924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Eric","email":"esjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harp, Edwin L. harp@usgs.gov","contributorId":1290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harp","given":"Edwin","email":"harp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":487417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Staley, Dennis M. 0000-0002-2239-3402 dstaley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2239-3402","contributorId":4134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staley","given":"Dennis","email":"dstaley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Barnhart, William D. wbarnhart@usgs.gov","contributorId":5299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhart","given":"William","email":"wbarnhart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70073330,"text":"70073330 - 2014 - Lake Louise Water (USGS47): A new isotopic reference water for stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-21T12:58:35","indexId":"70073330","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-21T12:50:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3233,"text":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lake Louise Water (USGS47): A new isotopic reference water for stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope measurements","docAbstract":"\"RATIONALE: Because of the paucity of isotopic reference waters for daily use, a new secondary isotopic reference material has been prepared from Lake Louise water from Alberta, Canada for international distribution. \nMOTHODS: This water was filtered, homogenized, loaded into glass ampoules, sealed with a torch, autoclaved to eliminate biological activity, and measured by dual-inlet isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. This isotopic reference water is available by the case of 144 glass ampoules containing 5 mL of water in each ampoule.\nRESULTS: The δ2H and δ18O values of this reference water are –150.2 ± 0.5 ‰ and –19.80 ± 0.02 ‰, respectively, relative to VSMOW on scales normalized such that the δ2H and δ18O values of SLAP reference water are, respectively, –428 and –55.5 ‰. Each uncertainty is an estimated expanded uncertainty (U = 2uc) about the reference value that provides an interval that has about a 95-percent probability of encompassing the true value. \nCONCLUSION: This isotopic reference material, designated as USGS47, is intended as one of two isotopic reference waters for daily normalization of stable hydrogen and stable oxygen isotopic analysis of water with a mass spectrometer or a laser absorption spectrometer. \n\"","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rcm.6789","usgsCitation":"Qi, H., Lorenz, J.M., Coplen, T.B., Tarbox, L.V., Mayer, B., and Taylor, S., 2014, Lake Louise Water (USGS47): A new isotopic reference water for stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope measurements: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, v. 28, no. 4, p. 351-354, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.6789.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"351","endPage":"354","ipdsId":"IP-052021","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281133,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.6789"},{"id":281324,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-12-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52df97fae4b0d7b3a14e1aac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Qi, Haiping 0000-0002-8339-744X haipingq@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8339-744X","contributorId":507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"Haiping","email":"haipingq@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lorenz, Jennifer M. 0000-0002-5826-7264 jlorenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-7264","contributorId":3558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlorenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tarbox, Lauren V. 0000-0002-4126-1851 ltarbox@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4126-1851","contributorId":5319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tarbox","given":"Lauren","email":"ltarbox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mayer, Bernhard","contributorId":94972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"Bernhard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Taylor, Steve","contributorId":95802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70073345,"text":"70073345 - 2014 - Evaluating the efficiency of environmental monitoring programs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-28T08:37:06","indexId":"70073345","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-21T10:51:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating the efficiency of environmental monitoring programs","docAbstract":"Statistical uncertainty analyses can be used to improve the efficiency of environmental monitoring, allowing sampling designs to maximize information gained relative to resources required for data collection and analysis. In this paper, we illustrate four methods of data analysis appropriate to four types of environmental monitoring designs. To analyze a long-term record from a single site, we applied a general linear model to weekly stream chemistry data at Biscuit Brook, NY, to simulate the effects of reducing sampling effort and to evaluate statistical confidence in the detection of change over time. To illustrate a detectable difference analysis, we analyzed a one-time survey of mercury concentrations in loon tissues in lakes in the Adirondack Park, NY, demonstrating the effects of sampling intensity on statistical power and the selection of a resampling interval. To illustrate a bootstrapping method, we analyzed the plot-level sampling intensity of forest inventory at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH, to quantify the sampling regime needed to achieve a desired confidence interval. Finally, to analyze time-series data from multiple sites, we assessed the number of lakes and the number of samples per year needed to monitor change over time in Adirondack lake chemistry using a repeated-measures mixed-effects model. Evaluations of time series and synoptic long-term monitoring data can help determine whether sampling should be re-allocated in space or time to optimize the use of financial and human resources.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Indicators","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.12.010","usgsCitation":"Levine, C.R., Yanai, R.D., Lampman, G.G., Burns, D.A., Driscoll, C.T., Lawrence, G.B., Lynch, J., and Schoch, N., 2014, Evaluating the efficiency of environmental monitoring programs: Ecological Indicators, v. 39, p. 94-101, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.12.010.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"94","endPage":"101","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-050636","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473212,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.12.010","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":281315,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.12.010"},{"id":281316,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52df97f8e4b0d7b3a14e1aa2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Levine, Carrie R.","contributorId":106009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levine","given":"Carrie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yanai, Ruth D.","contributorId":59720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yanai","given":"Ruth","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lampman, Gregory G.","contributorId":26970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lampman","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869 daburns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":1237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"daburns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Driscoll, Charles T.","contributorId":35418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driscoll","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lawrence, Gregory B. 0000-0002-8035-2350 glawrenc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"Gregory","email":"glawrenc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lynch, Jason","contributorId":97001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynch","given":"Jason","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schoch, Nina","contributorId":101988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoch","given":"Nina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70072613,"text":"70072613 - 2014 - Complexity versus certainty in understanding species’ declines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-10T11:37:06","indexId":"70072613","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-21T09:46:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1399,"text":"Diversity and Distributions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Complexity versus certainty in understanding species’ declines","docAbstract":"Aim\nOur understanding of and ability to predict species declines is limited, despite decades of study. We sought to expand our understanding of species declines within a regional landscape by testing models using both traditional hypotheses and those derived from a complex adaptive systems approach.\n\nLocation\nOur study area was the dry mixed grassland of south-eastern Alberta, Canada, one of the largest remnants of native grassland in North America, and the adjacent grassland in Saskatchewan.\n\nMethods\nWe used the breeding birds of the grassland to test the relationship between species declines and a suite of traits associated with decline (such as size, specialization and rarity, as well as distance to edge of a discontinuity, and edge of geographic range) in a stepwise regression with AICc values and bootstrapping via model averaging, followed by a refit procedure to obtain model-averaged parameter estimates. We used both provincial government and Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) classifications of decline. We also modelled degree of decline in the Alberta and Saskatchewan grasslands, which differ in amount of habitat remaining, to test whether severity of decline was explained by the same traits as species decline/not- decline.\n\nResults\nWe found that the model for government-defined decline fulfilled government expectations that species' extinction risk is a function of being large, specialized, rare and carnivorous, whereas the model for BBS-defined decline suggested that the biological reality of decline is more complex, requiring the need to explicitly model scale-specific patterns. Furthermore, species decline/not- decline was explained by different traits than those that fit degree of decline, though complex systems- derived traits featured in both sets of models.\n\nMain conclusions\nTraditional approaches to predict species declines (e.g. government processes or IUCN Red Lists), may be too simplistic and may therefore misguide management and conservation. Using complex systems approaches that account for scale-specific patterns and processes have the potential to overcome these limitations.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ddi.12166","usgsCitation":"Sundstrom, S.M., and Allen, C.R., 2014, Complexity versus certainty in understanding species’ declines: Diversity and Distributions, v. 3, p. 344-355, https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12166.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"344","endPage":"355","ipdsId":"IP-052551","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":281307,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281306,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12166"}],"volume":"3","edition":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52df97f6e4b0d7b3a14e1a9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sundstrom, Shana M.","contributorId":7159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sundstrom","given":"Shana","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}