The Lake Michigan outer nearshore zone (water depths ≈5 to 25 m) off Illinois Beach State Park is subjected to a spectrum of wave conditions, including those generated by major storms. Only under these major storm conditions is there a realistic potential for wave-lakebed interaction (and associated wind-driven currents) to cause a significant net modification to the outer nearshore lakebed, which, in turn, may promulgate change in the inner nearshore (surf) zone. Analysis of bathymetric and sediment grain-size data, used in conjunction with published wave hindcast data, wave propagation modeling, and previous studies in the area, indicates that this potential occurs, most likely, on a scale of years. Although such storms can generate bottom currents well in excess of what is required to mobilize the fine to very fine sands that are present, little compelling evidence was found, on the basis of gross comparisons with previous studies (1946, 1973, 1978), that there have been rapid or pronounced changes in the outer nearshore lakebed. Nonetheless, grain-size data suggest that sands are episodically transported in a net southerly direction. At least over the time period represented by this and previous studies, any modification of the outer nearshore zone lakebed would seem to be modest and gradual. If so, whereas the outer nearshore zone may be a factor in the long-term adjustment of the shoreline, any rapid change in shoreline position, or any conspicuous change in the rate of shoreline adjustment, is more likely controlled by factors other than those linked to the outer nearshore zone.
If analytical errors are responsible for the scatter of points on a 230Th-234U-238U isochron diagram, the isochron should be fitted by a technique that1. weights the points according to their analytical errors and error correlations, and
A method based on maximum-likelihood estimation is presented that fulfills these requirements, and the relevant equations for errors in age and initial
A two‐dimensional, depth‐averaged, finite‐difference, numerical model was used to simulate tidal circulation and mass transport in the Port Royal Sound, South Carolina, estuarine system. The purpose of the study was to demonstrate the utility of the Surface‐Water, Integrated, Flow and Transport model (SWIFT2D) for evaluating changes in circulation patterns and mass transport caused by highway‐crossing embankments. A model of a subregion of Port Royal Sound including the highway crossings and having a grid size of 61 m (200 ft) was derived from a 183‐m (600‐ft) model of the entire Port Royal Sound estuarine system. The 183‐m model was used to compute boundary‐value data for the 61‐m submodel, which was then used to simulate flow conditions with and without the highway embankments in place. The numerical simulations show that, with the highway embankments in place, mass transport between the Broad River and Battery Creek is reduced and mass transport between the Beaufort River and Battery Creek is increased. The net result is that mass transport into and out of upper Battery Creek is reduced. The presence of the embankments also alters circulation patterns within Battery Creek.
","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(1994)120:2(199)","issn":"0733950X","usgsCitation":"Lee, J.K., Schaffranek, R.W., and Baltzer, R.A., 1994, Simulating effects of highway embankments on estuarine circulation: Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering, v. 120, no. 2, p. 199-218, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(1994)120:2(199).","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"199","endPage":"218","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224719,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8fd0e4b08c986b319153","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Jonathan K.","contributorId":60186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schaffranek, Raymond W.","contributorId":86314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaffranek","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baltzer, Robert A.","contributorId":34269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baltzer","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017053,"text":"70017053 - 1994 - An integrated data-directed numerical method for estimating the undiscovered mineral endowment in a region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:47","indexId":"70017053","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2879,"text":"Nonrenewable Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An integrated data-directed numerical method for estimating the undiscovered mineral endowment in a region","docAbstract":"An integrated data-directed numerical method has been developed to estimate the undiscovered mineral endowment within a given area. The method has been used to estimate the undiscovered uranium endowment in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico, U.S.A. The favorability of uranium concentration was evaluated in each of 2,068 cells defined within the Basin. Favorability was based on the correlated similarity of the geologic characteristics of each cell to the geologic characteristics of five area-related deposit models. Estimates of the undiscovered endowment for each cell were categorized according to deposit type, depth, and cutoff grade. The method can be applied to any mineral or energy commodity provided that the data collected reflect discovered endowment. ?? 1994 Oxford University Press.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nonrenewable Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF02286436","issn":"09611444","usgsCitation":"McCammon, R., Finch, W., Kork, J., and Bridges, N., 1994, An integrated data-directed numerical method for estimating the undiscovered mineral endowment in a region: Nonrenewable Resources, v. 3, no. 2, p. 109-122, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02286436.","startPage":"109","endPage":"122","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205517,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02286436"},{"id":224627,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea7fe4b0c8380cd488db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCammon, R.B.","contributorId":17218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCammon","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finch, W.I.","contributorId":75919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finch","given":"W.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kork, J.O.","contributorId":86831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kork","given":"J.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bridges, N.J.","contributorId":20320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bridges","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70017570,"text":"70017570 - 1994 - Modeling the effects of climate change on water resources - a review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:53","indexId":"70017570","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1252,"text":"Climatic Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling the effects of climate change on water resources - a review","docAbstract":"Hydrologic models provide a framework in which to conceptualize and investigate the relationships between climate and water resources. A review of current studies that assess the impacts of climate change using hydrologic models indicates a number of problem areas common to the variety of models applied. These problem areas include parameter estimation, scale, model validation, climate scenario generation, and data. Research needs to address these problems include development of (1) a more physically based understanding of hydrologic processes and their interactions; (2) parameter measurement and estimation techniques for application over a range of spatial and temporal scales; (3) quantitative measures of uncertainty in model parameters and model results; (4) improved methodologies of climate scenario generation; (5) detailed data sets in a variety of climatic and physiographic regions; and (6) modular modeling tools to provide a framework to facilitate interdisciplinary research. Solutions to these problems would significantly improve the capability of models to assess the effects of climate change. ?? 1994 Kluwer Academic Publishers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Climatic Change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF01094105","issn":"01650009","usgsCitation":"Leavesley, G., 1994, Modeling the effects of climate change on water resources - a review: Climatic Change, v. 28, no. 1-2, p. 159-177, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01094105.","startPage":"159","endPage":"177","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206153,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01094105"},{"id":228804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c3ee4b0c8380cd6fb2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leavesley, G.H.","contributorId":93895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavesley","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017043,"text":"70017043 - 1994 - Organic solute changes with acidification in Lake Skjervatjern as shown by 1H-NMR spectroscopy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:51","indexId":"70017043","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Organic solute changes with acidification in Lake Skjervatjern as shown by 1H-NMR spectroscopy","docAbstract":"1H-NMR spectroscopy has been found to be a useful tool to establish possible real differences and trends between all natural organic solute fractions (fulvic acids, humic acids, and XAD-4 acids) after acid-rain additions to the Lake Skjervatjern watershed. The proton NMR technique used in this study determined the spectral distribution of nonexchangeable protons among four peaks (aliphatic protons; aliphatic protons on carbon ?? or attached to electronegative groups; protons on carbons attached to O or N heteroatoms; and aromatic protons). Differences of 10% or more in the respective peak areas were considered to represent a real difference. After one year of acidification, fulvic acids decreased 13% (relative) in Peak 3 protons on carbon attached to N and O heteratoms and exhibited a decrease in aromatic protons between 27% and 31%. Humic acids also exhibited an 11% relative decrease in aromatic protons as a result of acidification. After one year of acidification, real changes were shown in three of the four proton assignments in XAD-4 acids. Peak 1 aliphatic protons increased by 14% (relative), Peak 3 protons on carbons attached to O and N heteroatoms decreased by 13% (relative), and aromatic protons (Peak 4) decreased by 35% (relative). Upon acidification, there was a trend in all solutes for aromatic protons to decrease and aliphatic protons to increase. The natural variation in organic solutes as shown in the Control Side B of the lake from 1990 to 1991 is perhaps a small limitation to the same data interpretations of acid rain changes at the Lake Skjervatjern site, but the proton NMR technique shows great promise as an independent scientific tool to detect and support other chemical techniques in establishing organic solute changes with different treatments (i.e., additions of acid rain).","largerWorkTitle":"Environment International","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0160-4120(94)90113-9","issn":"01604120","usgsCitation":"Malcolm, R., and Hayes, T., 1994, Organic solute changes with acidification in Lake Skjervatjern as shown by 1H-NMR spectroscopy, in Environment International, v. 20, no. 3, p. 299-305, https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-4120(94)90113-9.","startPage":"299","endPage":"305","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":499880,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/8ddb79299e024edaa5be367f38da44d3","text":"External Repository"},{"id":205611,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-4120(94)90113-9"},{"id":225198,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6fdce4b0c8380cd75ceb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Malcolm, Ronald L.","contributorId":46075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malcolm","given":"Ronald L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hayes, T.","contributorId":31920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017529,"text":"70017529 - 1994 - National Spatial Data Infrastructure and its usefulness to the dredging community","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:58","indexId":"70017529","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"National Spatial Data Infrastructure and its usefulness to the dredging community","docAbstract":"The solution to understanding the dredging impacts is the type of scenario that lends itself to new approaches to understanding interrelationships between multiple variables within a dynamic environment. New data are becoming available to allow the examination of the consequences of dredging in a manner not done before. Efforts have been made by the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) and the creation of a National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) as an element of the National Information Highway has helped in solving some of the problems of the unavailability and unacceptability of data needed to support the applications.","largerWorkTitle":"International Conference on Dredging and Dredged Material Placement","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Dredging and Dredged Material Placement. Part 2 (of 2)","conferenceDate":"13 November 1994 through 16 November 1994","conferenceLocation":"Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"Lockwood, M., 1994, National Spatial Data Infrastructure and its usefulness to the dredging community, in International Conference on Dredging and Dredged Material Placement, v. 1, Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA, 13 November 1994 through 16 November 1994, p. 516-525.","startPage":"516","endPage":"525","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228891,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a61f3e4b0c8380cd71c52","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"McNair Clark E.","contributorId":128385,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"McNair Clark E.","id":536370,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Lockwood, Millington","contributorId":91843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockwood","given":"Millington","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017356,"text":"70017356 - 1994 - Eruptive activity at Mount St Helens, Washington, USA, 1984-1988: a gas geochemistry perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-05T11:02:04","indexId":"70017356","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eruptive activity at Mount St Helens, Washington, USA, 1984-1988: a gas geochemistry perspective","docAbstract":"The results from two different types of gas measurement, telemetered in situ monitoring of reducing gases on the dome and airborne measurements of sulfur dioxide emission rates in the plume by correlation spectrometry, suggest that the combination of these two methods is particularly effective in detecting periods of enhanced degassing that intermittently punctuate the normal background leakage of gaseous effluent from Mount St Helens to the atmosphere. Gas events were recorded before lava extrusion for each of the four dome-building episodes at Mount St Helens since mid-1984. For two of the episodes, precursory reducing gas peaks were detected, whereas during three of the episodes, COSPEC measurements recorded precursory degassing of sulfur dioxide. During one episode (October 1986), both reducing gas monitoring and SO2 emission rate measurements simultaneously detected a large gas release several hours before lava extrusion. Had both types of gas measurements been operational during each of the dome-building episodes, it is thought that both would have recorded precursory signals for all four episodes. Evidence from the data presented herein suggests that increased degassing at Mount St Helens becomes detectable when fresh upward-moving magma is between 2 km and a few hundred meters below the base of the dome and between about 60 and 12 hours before the surface extrusion of lava. ?? 1994 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00302825","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"McGee, K., and Sutton, A.J., 1994, Eruptive activity at Mount St Helens, Washington, USA, 1984-1988: a gas geochemistry perspective: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 56, no. 6-7, p. 435-446, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00302825.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"435","endPage":"446","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225171,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205607,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00302825"}],"volume":"56","issue":"6-7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a54e4b0c8380cd522e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGee, K.A.","contributorId":6059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGee","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sutton, A. J. 0000-0003-1902-3977","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1902-3977","contributorId":28983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017342,"text":"70017342 - 1994 - Block versus continuum deformation in the Western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-09T00:51:07.05227","indexId":"70017342","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Block versus continuum deformation in the Western United States","docAbstract":"The relative role of block versus continuum deformation of continental lithosphere is a current subject of debate. Continuous deformation is suggested by distributed seismicity at continental plate margins and by cumulative seismic moment sums which yield slip estimates that are less than estimates from plate motion studies. In contrast, block models are favored by geologic studies of displacement in places like Asia. A problem in this debate is a lack of data from which unequivocal conclusions may be reached. In this paper we apply the techniques of study used in regions such as the Alpine-Himalayan belt to an area with a wealth of instrumental data-the Western United States. By comparing plate rates to seismic moment release rates and assuming a typical seismogenic layer thickness of 15 km it appears that since 1850 about 60% of the Pacific-North America motion across the plate boundary in California and Nevada has occurred seismically and 40% aseismically. The San Francisco Bay area shows similar partitioning between seismic and aseismic deformation, and it can be shown that within the seismogenic depth range aseismic deformation is concentrated near the surface and at depth. In some cases this deformation can be located on creeping surface faults, but elsewhere it is spread over a several kilometer wide zone adjacent to the fault. These superficial creeping deformation zones may be responsible for the palaeomagnetic rotations that have been ascribed elsewhere to the surface expression of continuum deformation in the lithosphere. Our results support the dominant role of non-continuum deformation processes with the implication that deformation localization by strain softening must occur in the lower crust and probably the upper mantle. Our conclusions apply only to the regions where the data are good, and even within the Western United States (i.e., the Basin and Range) deformation styles remain poorly resolved. Nonetheless, we maintain that block motion is the deformation style of choice for those continental regions where the data are best.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(94)90134-1","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"King, G., Oppenheimer, D., and Amelung, F., 1994, Block versus continuum deformation in the Western United States: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 128, no. 3-4, p. 55-64, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(94)90134-1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224930,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"128","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1e4e4b0c8380cd4aeaf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, G.","contributorId":74521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oppenheimer, D.","contributorId":66841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oppenheimer","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Amelung, F.","contributorId":106268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amelung","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016985,"text":"70016985 - 1994 - Baseline element concentrations in soils and plants, Bull Island, Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge, South Carolina, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-05T13:11:31","indexId":"70016985","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Baseline element concentrations in soils and plants, Bull Island, Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge, South Carolina, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Baseline element concentrations are given for Spanish moss (Tillandsia usneoides), loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), and associated soils. Baseline and variability data for ash, Al, Ba, C, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, La, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Nb, Nd, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sc, Sr, Th, Ti, V, Y, and Zn are reported; however, not all variables are reported for all media because, in some media, certain elements were below the analytical detection limit. Spatial variation in element concentration among and within 0.5 km grid cells are given for each of the media. In general, only a few elements in Spanish moss showed statistically significant landscape patterns, whereas several elements in loblolly pine and in soils exhibited differences among sampling grids. Significant differences in the concentration of three elements in Spanish moss and eight elements (including total S) in loblolly pine were observed between two sampling dates (November and June); however, the absolute amount of these differences was small. Except for perhaps Ni and Pb concentrations in Spanish moss, element levels in all sample media exhibited ranges that indicate natural rather than anthropogenic additions of trace elements.
","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF01257145","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Gough, L.P., Severson, R.C., and Jackson, L.L., 1994, Baseline element concentrations in soils and plants, Bull Island, Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge, South Carolina, U.S.A.: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 74, no. 1-2, p. 1-17, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01257145.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"17","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225043,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Bull Island, Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": 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P.","contributorId":64198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gough","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Severson, R. C.","contributorId":46498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Severson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jackson, L. L.","contributorId":39366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187637,"text":"70187637 - 1994 - An analysis of human-induced land transformations in the San Francisco Bay/Sacramento area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-11T14:01:03","indexId":"70187637","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5393,"text":"World Resource Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An analysis of human-induced land transformations in the San Francisco Bay/Sacramento area","docAbstract":"Part of the U.S. Geological Survey's Global Change Research Program involvesstudying the area from the Pacific Ocean to the Sierra foothills to enhance understanding ofthe role that human activities play in global change. The study investigates the ways thathumans transform the land and the effects that changing the landscape may have on regionaland global systems. To accomplish this research, scientists are compiling records ofhistorical transformations in the region's land cover over the last 140 years, developing asimulation model to predict land cover change, and assembling a digital data set to analyzeand describe land transformations. The historical data regarding urban growth focusattention on the significant change the region underwent from 1850 to 1990. Animation isused to visualize a time series of the change in land cover. The historical change is beingused to calibrate a prototype cellular automata model, developed to predict changes in urbanland cover 100 years into the future. Future urban growth scenarios will be developed foranalyzing possible human-induced impacts on land cover at a regional scale. These data aidin documenting and understanding human-induced land transformations from both historical andpredictive perspectives. A descriptive analysis of the region is used to investigate therelationships among data characteristic of the region. These data consist of multilayertopography, climate, vegetation, and population data for a 256-km2 region of centralCalifornia. A variety of multivariate analysis tools are used to integrate the data inraster format from map contours, interpolated climate observations, satellite observations,and population estimates.
","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Kirtland, D.A., Gaydos, L., Clarke, K., DeCola, L., Acevedo, W., and Bell, C., 1994, An analysis of human-induced land transformations in the San Francisco Bay/Sacramento area: World Resource Review, v. 6, no. 2, p. 206-217.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"206","endPage":"217","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341138,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59156eaae4b01a342e691412","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirtland, David A. dakirtland@usgs.gov","contributorId":265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirtland","given":"David","email":"dakirtland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":694875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gaydos, L.J.","contributorId":97783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaydos","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clarke, Keith","contributorId":13861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clarke","given":"Keith","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeCola, Lee","contributorId":191963,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeCola","given":"Lee","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Acevedo, William wacevedo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Acevedo","given":"William","email":"wacevedo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bell, Cindy","contributorId":191964,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bell","given":"Cindy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":19584,"text":"ofr93627 - 1994 - Selected data on characteristics of glacial-deposit and carbonate-rock aquifers, Midwestern Basin and Arches region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-18T19:03:36.403317","indexId":"ofr93627","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-627","title":"Selected data on characteristics of glacial-deposit and carbonate-rock aquifers, Midwestern Basin and Arches region","docAbstract":"In 1988, the Geological Survey (USGS) began study to examine the hydrogeologic framework, ground-water-flow systems, water chemistry, and withdrawal response of aquifers in glacial deposits and carbonate rock in the Midwestern Basins and Arches Region in western Ohio and eastern Indiana. As part of this study, data from pumped-well tests and instantaneous-rechange tests (slug tests) of wells completed in the glacial-deposit and carbonate-rock aquifers were compiled from reports and information on file with State agencies, environmental consulting firms, drilling firms, municipalities, universities, and the USGS. The data, from 73 counties in Ohio and Indiana, were entered into a computerized data base in a spreadsheet format and subsequently into a geographic information system (GIS).\r\n\r\nAquifer-characteristics data from this compilation include the results of 105 pumped-well tests and 39 slug tests in wells completed in glacial deposits, 174 pumped-well tests in wells completed in the carbonate-rock aquifer, and 4 slug tests in wells completed in limestones and shales of Ordovician age. Transmissivities from the pumped-well tests in wells completed in glacial till and glacial-deposit aquifers (sands and gravels) range from 1.54 to 69,700 feet squared per day. Storage coefficients or specific yields range from 0.00002 to 0.38 at these wells. Horizontal-hydraulic conductivities from the slug tests in wells completed in glacial-deposit aquifers range from 0.33 to 1,000 feet per day. Transmissivities from the pumped-well tests in wells completed in the carbonate-rock aquifer range from 70 to 52,000 feet squared per day. Storage coefficient or specific yields at these wells range from 0.00001 to 0.05. Horizontal hydraulic conductivities from the slug tests in wells completed in limestones and shales of Ordovician age range from 0.0016 to 12 feet per day. These data are summarized in tables and figures within this report.\r\n\r\nThe collection and compilation of selected aquifer-characteristic data for the glacial-deposit and carbonate-rock aquifers within the Midwestern Basin and Arches Region of Shaver (1985) are an essential part of the Midwestern Basins and Arches Regional Aquifer-Systems Analysis (Midwestern Basins and Arches RASA) project of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Specifically, the data are needed to help describe ground-water flow in the regional aquifer system, which isone of the objectives of the Midwestern Basins and Arches RASA project (Bugliosi, 1990). To meet this objective, the Midwestern Basins and Arches RASA began subprojects in the Ohio and Indiana offices of the USGS to collect and compile available aquifer-characteristics data from aquifer tests of the glacial-deposit and carbonate-rock aquifers. The data were not reanalyzed to verify accuracy because of time constraints and insufficient data in many cases.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr93627","usgsCitation":"Joseph, R.L., and Eberts, S.M., 1994, Selected data on characteristics of glacial-deposit and carbonate-rock aquifers, Midwestern Basin and Arches region: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-627, vi, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93627.","productDescription":"vi, 43 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403940,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12784.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":49054,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0627/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":152037,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0627/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Midwestern Basin and Arches Region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.092,\n 37.771\n ],\n [\n -80.517,\n 37.771\n ],\n [\n -80.517,\n 41.983\n ],\n [\n -88.092,\n 41.983\n ],\n [\n -88.092,\n 37.771\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa539","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Joseph, R. L.","contributorId":63265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joseph","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eberts, S. M.","contributorId":28276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberts","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":54703,"text":"wdrMN931 - 1994 - Water Resources Data, Minnesota, Water Year 1993. Volume 1. Great Lakes and Souris-Red-Rainy River Basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:56","indexId":"wdrMN931","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MN-93-1","title":"Water Resources Data, Minnesota, Water Year 1993. Volume 1. Great Lakes and Souris-Red-Rainy River Basins","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrMN931","usgsCitation":"Mitton, G., Hess, J., and Guttormson, K., 1994, Water Resources Data, Minnesota, Water Year 1993. Volume 1. Great Lakes and Souris-Red-Rainy River Basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MN-93-1, 254 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrMN931.","productDescription":"254 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":180706,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1993/mn-93-1/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":87909,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1993/mn-93-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb5dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mitton, G.B.","contributorId":104517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitton","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hess, J.H.","contributorId":100465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guttormson, K.G.","contributorId":78359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guttormson","given":"K.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":26886,"text":"wri944136 - 1994 - Ground-water levels and directions of flow near the Industrial Excess Landfill, Uniontown, Ohio, March 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-12T12:33:03","indexId":"wri944136","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4136","title":"Ground-water levels and directions of flow near the Industrial Excess Landfill, Uniontown, Ohio, March 1994","docAbstract":"Industrial Excess Landfill (IEL), a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Superfund site, is a closed landfill in northeastern Ohio. In March 1994, personnel from the U.S. Geological Survey, Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, and PRC Environmental Management, Inc., measured water levels in 149 wells in the area. Surface-water altitudes were measured at 13 staff gages, and water levels were measured in 9 piezometers associated with the gages. The data show that the regional pattern of ground-water flow generally is from east to west, but it is locally altered by ground-water mounds that reflect the hummocky terrain. At the landfill, regional flow is altered by two ground-water mounds one in the southeastern corner of the site and one just to the north. The relatively small ground-water mound at the landfill causes ground water to flow radially away from the southeastern corner of the landfill. Ground water that flows to the east and south flows toward Metzger Ditch, whereas flow to the west is consistent with the regional direction of ground-water flow. Ground-water flow northward from IEL is diverted east or west by the southerly component of flow from the larger ground-water mound north of IEL.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944136","usgsCitation":"Dumouchelle, D.H., and Bair, E.S., 1994, Ground-water levels and directions of flow near the Industrial Excess Landfill, Uniontown, Ohio, March 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4136, Report: iv, 17 p.; 3 Plates: 25.74 x 26.48 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944136.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 17 p.; 3 Plates: 25.74 x 26.48 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":353354,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4136/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":353355,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4136/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":353356,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4136/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55777,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4136/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124183,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4136/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","city":"Uniontown","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.41361111,\n 40.96527778\n ],\n [\n -81.39916667,\n 40.96527778\n ],\n [\n -81.39916667,\n 40.97916667\n ],\n [\n -81.41361111,\n 40.97916667\n ],\n [\n -81.41361111,\n 40.96527778\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db668ed3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dumouchelle, Denise H. ddumouch@usgs.gov","contributorId":1847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumouchelle","given":"Denise","email":"ddumouch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":197187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bair, E. Scott","contributorId":194772,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bair","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30474,"text":"wri934203 - 1994 - Determination of traveltime in the Delaware River, Hancock, New York, to the Delaware Water Gap by use of a conservative dye tracer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T12:23:09","indexId":"wri934203","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4203","title":"Determination of traveltime in the Delaware River, Hancock, New York, to the Delaware Water Gap by use of a conservative dye tracer","docAbstract":"Traveltime of a soluble substance was determined for a 120-mile reach of the Delaware River from the confluence of the East Branch Delaware River and the West Branch Delaware River at Hancock, N.Y. to the Delaware Water Gap. Dye studies were conducted at the 85-95 percent and the 25-30 percent flow durations. Discharges ranged from 500-1,740 cubic feet per second during the 85-95 percent flow duration and 3,070-7,500 cubic feet per second for the 25-30 percent flow duration. The data were used to develop a set of time-concentration curves that would enable estimation of the traveltime of a spill at any point in the river within the study reach for 10 flow durations. The leading edge of a contaminant spill at Buckingham Access would take about 70 hours to reach the Delaware Water Gap when flows are at the 30-percent flow duration. The trailing edge (location of the dye cloud when concentrations would decrease to 10 percent of the peak concentration) would take about 50 hours after the arrival of the leading edge.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri934203","usgsCitation":"White, K.E., and Kratzer, T., 1994, Determination of traveltime in the Delaware River, Hancock, New York, to the Delaware Water Gap by use of a conservative dye tracer: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4203, vi, 54 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934203.","productDescription":"vi, 54 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121673,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4203/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59258,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4203/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db6674b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, K. 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1993","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrGA931","usgsCitation":"Stokes, W., and McFarlane, R., 1994, Water Resources Data, Georgia, Water Year 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report GA-93-1, 678 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrGA931.","productDescription":"678 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":185169,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fbbc3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stokes, W.R.","contributorId":63868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stokes","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McFarlane, R.D.","contributorId":105728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McFarlane","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":54461,"text":"wdrCO932 - 1994 - Water Resources Data, Colorado, Water Year 1993. Volume 2. Colorado River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:37","indexId":"wdrCO932","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"CO-93-2","title":"Water Resources Data, Colorado, Water Year 1993. Volume 2. Colorado River Basin","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrCO932","usgsCitation":"Ugland, R., Cochran, B., Hiner, M., and Wilson, E., 1994, Water Resources Data, Colorado, Water Year 1993. Volume 2. Colorado River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report CO-93-2, 404 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrCO932.","productDescription":"404 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":100383,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1993/co-93-2/report.pdf","size":"27482","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":177266,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1993/co-93-2/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbe2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ugland, R.C.","contributorId":14044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ugland","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cochran, B.J.","contributorId":75999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hiner, M.M.","contributorId":28659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hiner","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilson, E.A.","contributorId":92334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":44358,"text":"ofr946A - 1994 - Principal facts and field data for gravity data in and adjacent to the Reno 1 degree by 2 degrees Quadrangle, Nevada and California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:03","indexId":"ofr946A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-6","chapter":"A","title":"Principal facts and field data for gravity data in and adjacent to the Reno 1 degree by 2 degrees Quadrangle, Nevada and California","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr946A","usgsCitation":"Plouff, D., 1994, Principal facts and field data for gravity data in and adjacent to the Reno 1 degree by 2 degrees Quadrangle, Nevada and California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-6, 1 computer disk ; 3 1/2 in. + 1 text (i, 16 p. : map ; 28 cm.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr946A.","productDescription":"1 computer disk ; 3 1/2 in. + 1 text (i, 16 p. : map ; 28 cm.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":168046,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0006a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":81659,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0006a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db668da2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plouff, Donald","contributorId":94657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plouff","given":"Donald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":19598,"text":"ofr94312 - 1994 - Streamflow and selected precipitation data for Yucca Mountain region, southern Nevada and eastern California, water years 1986-90","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-26T20:21:47.627153","indexId":"ofr94312","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-312","displayTitle":"Streamflow and Selected Precipitation Data for Yucca Mountain Region, Southern Nevada and Eastern California, Water Years 1986-90","title":"Streamflow and selected precipitation data for Yucca Mountain region, southern Nevada and eastern California, water years 1986-90","docAbstract":"Streamflow and precipitation data collected at and near Yucca Mountain, Nevada, during water years 1986-90 are presented in this report. The data were collected and compiled as part of the studies by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, to characterize surface-water hydrology in the Yucca Mountain area. Streamflow data include daily-mean discharges and peak discharges at 5 continuous-record gaging stations, and peak discharges at 10 crest-stage, partial-record stations and 2 miscellaneous sites. Precipitation data include cumulative totals at 20 stations maintained by the U.S. Geological Survey and daily totals at 15 stations maintained by the Weather Service Nuclear Support Office, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr94312","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nevada Operations Office of the U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Kane, T.G., Bauer, D.J., and Martinez, C.M., 1994, Streamflow and selected precipitation data for Yucca Mountain region, southern Nevada and eastern California, water years 1986-90: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-312, iv, 118 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94312.","productDescription":"iv, 118 p.","temporalStart":"1985-10-01","temporalEnd":"1990-09-30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":49065,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0312/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":152675,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0312/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Mountain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117,36 ], [ -117,37.5 ], [ -115.5,37.5 ], [ -115.5,36 ], [ -117,36 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4f48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kane, Thomas G. III","contributorId":16854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"Thomas","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bauer, David J.","contributorId":47811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martinez, Clair M.","contributorId":41016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinez","given":"Clair","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":54431,"text":"wdrCA935 - 1994 - Water Resources Data, California, Water Year 1993. Volume 5. Ground-Water Data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-22T17:16:13","indexId":"wdrCA935","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"CA-93-5","title":"Water Resources Data, California, Water Year 1993. Volume 5. Ground-Water Data","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 1993 water year for California consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage and contents in lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality in wells. This volume of the report series includes records on ground water in California. Additional ground-water information for California is contained in the files, data bases, and other published reports of the U.S. Geological Survey.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrCA935","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with other Federal, State, and local agencies","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.A., 1994, Water Resources Data, California, Water Year 1993. Volume 5. Ground-Water Data (Legacy Report): U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report CA-93-5, vii, 437 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrCA935.","productDescription":"vii, 437 p.","temporalStart":"1992-10-01","temporalEnd":"1993-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":631,"text":"Water Resources Division-California District","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257699,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wdr_CA_93_5.jpg"},{"id":174373,"rank":0,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1993/ca-93/WDR-1993-vol5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.4,32.5 ], [ -124.4,42 ], [ -114.13333333333334,42 ], [ -114.13333333333334,32.5 ], [ -124.4,32.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Legacy Report","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbd5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, J. A.","contributorId":88375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":19596,"text":"ofr9456 - 1994 - Hydrologic data for the Big Spring basin, Clayton County, Iowa, water year 1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-18T11:55:06","indexId":"ofr9456","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-56","title":"Hydrologic data for the Big Spring basin, Clayton County, Iowa, water year 1991","docAbstract":"Hydrologic data were collected in the Big Spring Basin located in Clayton County, Iowa, during the 1991 water year. The data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Geological Survey Bureau, to provide information on variation and movement of agricultural chemicals in the hydrologic cycle in the basin. Precipitation, surface-water, and ground-water data were collected.
\nThe largest amount of rainfall during water year 1991 (54.69 inches) was measured at the monitoring site on Unnamed Creek near Luana. The largest monthly rainfall (14.72 inches) occurred in June. Analyses of 39 rain samples indicated that calcium and sulfate were the predominant ions and that median concentrations of nitrate and ammonia as nitrogen were 0.36 and 0.49 mg/L (milligrams per liter), respectively.
\nStream discharge, specific conductance, pH, and water temperature were monitored continuously, and monthly water-quality samples were collected at a site on Roberts Creek and at Big Spring. Nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen concentrations in 27 samples from Roberts Creek at the point where it leaves the study area ranged from 1.8 to 22 mg/L. Herbicide concentrations in 26 samples from the Roberts Creek site ranged from less than 0.10 μg/L (micrograms per liter) to 43 μg/L. Alachlor was detected in 42 percent of the samples; atrazine in 92 percent; and cyanazine and metolachlor in 35 percent of the samples. The total suspended-sediment load discharged in Roberts Creek was about 160,000 tons. At Big Spring, the ground-water discharge point, the daily mean specific conductance ranged from 414 to 788 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius, the daily median pH ranged from 6.7 to 7.1, and the daily mean water temperature ranged from 8.5 to 13.0 degrees Celsius. Concentrations of nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen in 23 samples ranged from 4.2 to 17 mg/L. The total measured suspended-sediment discharged from Big Spring was about 17,000 tons. Alachlor was detected in 26 percent; atrazine in 100 percent; cyanazine in 26 percent, and metolachlor in 9 percent of the samples. The maximum atrazine concentration was 16 μg/L.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City, IA","doi":"10.3133/ofr9456","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Natural Resources (Geological Survey Bureau)","usgsCitation":"Kalkhoff, S., and Kuzniar, R., 1994, Hydrologic data for the Big Spring basin, Clayton County, Iowa, water year 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-56, vi, 87 p.: ill., maps; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9456.","productDescription":"vi, 87 p.: ill., maps; 28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":151971,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0056/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49064,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0056/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","county":"Clayton County","otherGeospatial":"Big Spring basin","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-91.604,43.0816],[-91.4892,43.0817],[-91.37,43.0807],[-91.2546,43.0802],[-91.1944,43.08],[-91.178,43.0798],[-91.1777,43.0732],[-91.1782,43.0655],[-91.1776,43.0584],[-91.1766,43.0506],[-91.1756,43.0415],[-91.1716,43.0291],[-91.1677,43.0192],[-91.1624,43.0071],[-91.1589,42.9989],[-91.1579,42.9966],[-91.1566,42.9934],[-91.1563,42.9894],[-91.1568,42.9839],[-91.1585,42.9784],[-91.1566,42.9747],[-91.1559,42.9739],[-91.152,42.9695],[-91.1506,42.9678],[-91.1464,42.9609],[-91.1455,42.9518],[-91.1457,42.9445],[-91.1454,42.9395],[-91.1453,42.9372],[-91.1438,42.9268],[-91.1445,42.9168],[-91.1444,42.9104],[-91.1411,42.905],[-91.1372,42.9007],[-91.1311,42.8965],[-91.1218,42.8927],[-91.1132,42.8885],[-91.1047,42.8824],[-91.0999,42.875],[-91.0995,42.874],[-91.0971,42.8678],[-91.0944,42.8596],[-91.0924,42.8542],[-91.0908,42.8498],[-91.089,42.8462],[-91.086,42.8443],[-91.0847,42.8437],[-91.0823,42.8424],[-91.0796,42.8398],[-91.0775,42.8373],[-91.0776,42.8339],[-91.0781,42.8294],[-91.078,42.8214],[-91.0776,42.8103],[-91.0763,42.8],[-91.0735,42.7913],[-91.0713,42.7826],[-91.0696,42.7771],[-91.0688,42.7736],[-91.0667,42.7698],[-91.0649,42.767],[-91.0629,42.7645],[-91.062,42.762],[-91.0621,42.7591],[-91.0634,42.7561],[-91.0639,42.7545],[-91.0638,42.754],[-91.0632,42.7523],[-91.0613,42.75],[-91.0587,42.7487],[-91.0582,42.7485],[-91.0563,42.7478],[-91.0549,42.746],[-91.0549,42.7446],[-91.0543,42.7428],[-91.0517,42.7397],[-91.0492,42.7383],[-91.0467,42.7379],[-91.0447,42.7376],[-91.0417,42.7375],[-91.0392,42.7375],[-91.0354,42.7371],[-91.0323,42.7358],[-91.0305,42.7341],[-91.03,42.7314],[-91.0301,42.7291],[-91.0283,42.7263],[-91.0264,42.7249],[-91.0259,42.7245],[-91.0226,42.7227],[-91.0182,42.7205],[-91.0075,42.7161],[-90.998,42.7121],[-90.9903,42.7074],[-90.9841,42.7036],[-90.98,42.6995],[-90.9734,42.6956],[-90.9677,42.6929],[-90.9601,42.6898],[-90.9542,42.6872],[-90.9482,42.6858],[-90.9413,42.685],[-90.9382,42.685],[-90.9332,42.6856],[-90.9276,42.6856],[-90.9226,42.6843],[-90.9169,42.6821],[-90.9108,42.68],[-90.9065,42.6785],[-90.8985,42.6761],[-90.896,42.6753],[-90.8962,42.6697],[-90.8978,42.6447],[-91.0181,42.6452],[-91.1334,42.6451],[-91.2519,42.6445],[-91.3691,42.6437],[-91.4876,42.6442],[-91.606,42.6437],[-91.6055,42.731],[-91.605,42.8169],[-91.6045,42.9056],[-91.6046,42.9915],[-91.604,43.0816]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Clayton\",\"state\":\"IA\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f5c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kalkhoff, S. J.","contributorId":28967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkhoff","given":"S. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuzniar, R.L.","contributorId":44558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuzniar","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":54907,"text":"wdrOK932 - 1994 - Water Resources Data, Oklahoma, Water Year 1993. Volume 2. Red River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-26T16:13:53","indexId":"wdrOK932","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"OK-93-2","title":"Water Resources Data, Oklahoma, Water Year 1993. Volume 2. Red River Basin","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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