{"pageNumber":"1359","pageRowStart":"33950","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46734,"records":[{"id":18849,"text":"ofr94433 - 1994 - Data report and description of techniques for the 1993 season of the San Francisco Bay area regional broad-band transect, California (Passcal Experiment P9220)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:28","indexId":"ofr94433","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-433","title":"Data report and description of techniques for the 1993 season of the San Francisco Bay area regional broad-band transect, California (Passcal Experiment P9220)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr94433","usgsCitation":"Evans, J., Coakley, J., Iyer, H.M., Ruppert, S., Schwartz, S., Vidale, J., and Zandt, G., 1994, Data report and description of techniques for the 1993 season of the San Francisco Bay area regional broad-band transect, California (Passcal Experiment P9220): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-433, 143 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94433.","productDescription":"143 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151945,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0433/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48241,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0433/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b53b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, J.R.","contributorId":50526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coakley, J.M.","contributorId":32557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coakley","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Iyer, H. M.","contributorId":17997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iyer","given":"H.","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ruppert, S.D.","contributorId":51315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schwartz, S.Y.","contributorId":35342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"S.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vidale, J.E.","contributorId":55849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vidale","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zandt, George","contributorId":65490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zandt","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70017574,"text":"70017574 - 1994 - Conformance testing for the spatial data transfer standard","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-17T17:01:38","indexId":"70017574","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1192,"text":"Cartography and Geographic Information Systems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conformance testing for the spatial data transfer standard","docAbstract":"The Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS) was approved as Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 173, effective February 1993. Federal agencies and geographic information system vendors currently are developing SDTS encoding and decoding capabilities. A program is being developed to test encoders and decoders for conformance to the requirements of SDTS profiles. A series of test points will specify SDTS requirements that can be tested by software or by nonautomated methods. By certifying SDTS products, the conformance testing program will benefit both vendors and users of the SDTS.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Cartography and Geographic Information Systems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ACSM","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD, United States","doi":"10.1559/152304094782602827","issn":"10509844","usgsCitation":"Lazar, R.A., 1994, Conformance testing for the spatial data transfer standard: Cartography and Geographic Information Systems, v. 21, no. 3, p. 159-161, https://doi.org/10.1559/152304094782602827.","startPage":"159","endPage":"161","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269514,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1559/152304094782602827"}],"volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f9c4e4b0c8380cd4d787","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lazar, Robert A.","contributorId":107451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lazar","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":47742,"text":"wri924024C - 1994 - Detailed study of irrigation drainage in and near wildlife management areas, west-central Nevada, 1987-90. Part C. Summary of irrigation-drainage effects on water quality, bottom sediment, and biota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-14T19:58:51.29342","indexId":"wri924024C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4024","chapter":"C","title":"Detailed study of irrigation drainage in and near wildlife management areas, west-central Nevada, 1987-90. Part C. Summary of irrigation-drainage effects on water quality, bottom sediment, and biota","docAbstract":"This report presents a summary of the detailed scientific study of Stillwater Wildlife Management Area and other nearby wetlands in west-central Nevada during 1987-90. The work was funded by the National Irrigation Water Quality Program of the U.S. Department of the Interior with the overall objectives of determining (1) the extent, magnitude, and effects of selected water-quality constituents associated with irrigation drainage on fish, wildlife, and human health, and (2) the sources and exposure pathways that cause contamination where adverse effects are documented. Much of the information in this report was summarized from two previously published interpretive reports that were completed to fulfill study objectives. Where applicable, data for the study area from other published sources also were utilized. The results of these studies indicate that the aquatic biota in natural wetlands of the Carson Desert are adversely affected by hydrological and geochemical sources and processes in the Newlands Irrigation Project area. Reactions between water and naturally occurring minerals in the shallow alluvial aquifer increase concentrations of potentially toxic constituents in ground water that eventually enters the wetlands. Once in the wetlands, these constituents are furhter concentrated by evaporation and transpiration. Water from some agricultural drains that enter Stillwater WMA was acutely toxic to aquatic organisms. The drains in the agricultural areas, which eventually discharge to the wetlands, were also implicated as sites of uptake of selenium and mercury by aquatic organisms.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri924024C","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, R., 1994, Detailed study of irrigation drainage in and near wildlife management areas, west-central Nevada, 1987-90. Part C. Summary of irrigation-drainage effects on water quality, bottom sediment, and biota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4024, iv, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924024C.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":430234,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47607.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":84656,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4024c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123849,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4024c/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.90862184456864,\n              40.52796637642797\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.90862184456864,\n              38.86030851876592\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.4702096866109,\n              38.86030851876592\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.4702096866109,\n              40.52796637642797\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.90862184456864,\n              40.52796637642797\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667b5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, Ray J.","contributorId":53770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"Ray J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":18291,"text":"ofr93664 - 1994 - Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Determination of antimony by automated-hydride atomic absorption spectrophotometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-28T18:06:23.557971","indexId":"ofr93664","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-664","title":"Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Determination of antimony by automated-hydride atomic absorption spectrophotometry","docAbstract":"The analysis of natural-water samples for antimony by automated-hydride atomic absorption spectrophotometry is described. Samples are prepared for analysis by addition of potassium and hydrochloric acid followed by an autoclave digestion. After the digestion, potassium iodide and sodium borohydride are added automatically. Antimony hydride (stibine) gas is generated, then swept into a heated quartz cell for determination of antimony by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Precision and accuracy data are presented. Results obtained on standard reference water samples agree with means established by interlaboratory studies. Spike recoveries for actual samples range from 90 to 114 percent. Replicate analyses of water samples of varying matrices give relative standard deviations from 3 to 10 percent.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr93664","usgsCitation":"Brown, G., and McLain, B., 1994, Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Determination of antimony by automated-hydride atomic absorption spectrophotometry: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-664, iv, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93664.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p.","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":47642,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0664/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":149250,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0664/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bba0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, G.E.","contributorId":58131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McLain, B.J.","contributorId":88387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLain","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":17215,"text":"ofr94169 - 1994 - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory summary 88. Part 1 seismic data, January to December 1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-17T19:28:42.539586","indexId":"ofr94169","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-169","title":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory summary 88. Part 1 seismic data, January to December 1988","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr94169","usgsCitation":"Nakata, J.S., Tomori, A., Tokuuke, J., Koyanagi, R.Y., Tanigawa, W.R., Okubo, P.G., and Wright, T.L., 1994, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory summary 88. Part 1 seismic data, January to December 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-169, i, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94169.","productDescription":"i, 78 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":46362,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0169/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":391809,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12469.htm"},{"id":149376,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0169/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Hawaii Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.07177734375,\n              18.903688072314985\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.76165771484375,\n              18.903688072314985\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.76165771484375,\n              20.275079674634927\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.07177734375,\n              20.275079674634927\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.07177734375,\n              18.903688072314985\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63f1ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nakata, J. S.","contributorId":23940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nakata","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tomori, A. H.","contributorId":24780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomori","given":"A. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tokuuke, J. P.","contributorId":83546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tokuuke","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Koyanagi, R. Y.","contributorId":35719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koyanagi","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tanigawa, W. R.","contributorId":12849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanigawa","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Okubo, P. G. 0000-0002-0381-6051","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-6051","contributorId":95899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wright, T. L.","contributorId":11188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":27931,"text":"wri934179 - 1994 - Magnitude and frequency of floods in Alaska and conterminous basins of Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-10T10:24:28","indexId":"wri934179","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4179","title":"Magnitude and frequency of floods in Alaska and conterminous basins of Canada","docAbstract":"<p>Equations for estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods at ungaged sites on streams in Alaska and conterminous basins of Canada were developed using multipleregression analyses of basin climatic and physical characteristics and peak-flow statistics from 260 gaged locations in Alaska and 72 gaged locations in Canada. Methods are presented for estimating flood magnitude and frequency at sites on gaged streams. Flood-frequency data based on observed peaks and basin physical and climatic characteristics are given for 332 gaged locations on streams with natural flow. The State of Alaska and conterminous basins of Canada were divided into five flood-frequency areas having similar flood characteristics on the basis of statistical cluster analyses and regional regression analyses. Generalized skew coefficients were determined for each of the five flood-frequency areas using at-site unbiased skew coefficients computed for 82 stations in Alaska having 22 or more annual peaks through the 1987 water year and 31 stations in Canada having 22 or more annual peaks through the 1984 calendar year. A set of equations for estimating peak discharge having recurrence intervals of 2,5,10,25, 50,100, 200, and 500 years was developed for each flood-frequency area. Significant basin characteristics in the equations are drainage area, mean annual precipitation, percentage of lakes and ponds, mean minimum January temperature, mean basin elevation, and percentage of forest. Drainage basin sizes range from 1.02 to 321,000 square miles. Average standard errors of prediction for the equations range from 26 to 77 percent.</p><p>A regionalized mean annual precipitation map for the climatic normal period of 1951-80 was developed for Alaska west of longitude 141° and modified from published maps for southeastern Alaska and conterminous basins of Canada. Maximum known floods at 722 sites in Alaska and conterminous basins of Canada are tabulated.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri934179","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Alaska, Department of Transportation and Public Facilities and Federal Highway Administration","usgsCitation":"Jones, S.H., and Fahl, C.B., 1994, Magnitude and frequency of floods in Alaska and conterminous basins of Canada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4179, Report: v, 122 p.; 2 Plates: 47.47 x 34.36 inches and 47.62 x 34.08 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934179.","productDescription":"Report: v, 122 p.; 2 Plates: 47.47 x 34.36 inches and 47.62 x 34.08 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":350411,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4179/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":350412,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4179/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123166,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4179/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56747,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4179/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Polyconic projection","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -179.296875,\n              49.439556958940855\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.7265625,\n              49.439556958940855\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.7265625,\n              71.32895017791999\n            ],\n            [\n              -179.296875,\n              71.32895017791999\n            ],\n            [\n              -179.296875,\n              49.439556958940855\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64953a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Stanley H.","contributorId":98729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fahl, Charles B.","contributorId":201462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fahl","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70187651,"text":"70187651 - 1994 - Evapotranspiration estimation using a normalized difference vegetation index transformation of satellite data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-12T10:23:58","indexId":"70187651","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1927,"text":"Hydrological Sciences Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evapotranspiration estimation using a normalized difference vegetation index transformation of satellite data","docAbstract":"<p><span>Evapotranspiration of irrigated crops on two irrigation service areas along the lower Colorado River was estimated using a normalized difference vegetation index of satellite data. A procedure was developed which equated the index to crop coefficients. Evapotranspiration estimates for fields for three dates of thematic mapper data were highly correlated with ground estimates. Service area estimates using thematic mapper and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer data agreed well with estimates based on US Geological Survey gauging station data.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02626669409492754","usgsCitation":"Seevers, P., and Ottmann, R.W., 1994, Evapotranspiration estimation using a normalized difference vegetation index transformation of satellite data: Hydrological Sciences Journal, v. 39, no. 4, p. 333-345, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626669409492754.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"333","endPage":"345","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341192,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5916c9bfe4b044b359e486d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seevers, P. M.","contributorId":94325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seevers","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ottmann, R. W.","contributorId":191980,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ottmann","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":33994,"text":"b2020 - 1994 - Interpretation of exploration geochemical data for the Mount Katmai Quadrangle and adjacent parts of the Afognak and Naknek quadrangles, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:26","indexId":"b2020","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020","title":"Interpretation of exploration geochemical data for the Mount Katmai Quadrangle and adjacent parts of the Afognak and Naknek quadrangles, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ; Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/b2020","usgsCitation":"Church, S.E., Riehle, J., and Goldfarb, R., 1994, Interpretation of exploration geochemical data for the Mount Katmai Quadrangle and adjacent parts of the Afognak and Naknek quadrangles, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2020, iv, 67 p. ill., col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2020.","productDescription":"iv, 67 p. ill., col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":109820,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22274.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"22274"},{"id":164245,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2020/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":61923,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2020/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":61924,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2020/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":61925,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2020/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":61926,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2020/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dae4b07f02db5e0465","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Church, S. E.","contributorId":58260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":212293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Riehle, J.R.","contributorId":73573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riehle","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":212294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldfarb, R.J.","contributorId":38143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":212292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":26550,"text":"wri944006 - 1994 - Sources and migration pathways of natural gas in near-surface ground water beneath the Animas River valley, Colorado and New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-07T13:41:00","indexId":"wri944006","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4006","title":"Sources and migration pathways of natural gas in near-surface ground water beneath the Animas River valley, Colorado and New Mexico","docAbstract":"<p>In July 1990, the U.S. Geological Survey began a study of the occurrence of natural gas in near-surface ground water in the Animas River valley in the San Juan Basin between Durango, Colorado, and Aztec, New Mexico. The general purpose of the study was to identify the sources and migration pathways of natural gas in nearsurface ground water in the study area. The purpose of this report is to present interpretive conclusions for the study, primarily based on data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey from August 1990 to May 1991.</p><p>Seventy of the 205 (34 percent) groundwater samples collected during August-November 1990 had methane concentrations that exceeded the reporting limit of 0.005 milligram per liter. The maximum concentration was 39 milligrams per liter, and the mean concentration was 1.3 milligrams per liter. Samples from wells completed in bedrock have greater mean concentrations of methane than samples from wells completed in alluvium. Correlations indicate weak or nonexistent associations between dissolved-methane concentrations and concentrations of dissolved solids, major ions, bromide, silica, iron, manganese, and carbon dioxide. Dissolved methane was associated with hydrogen sulfide.</p><p>Soil-gas-methane concentrations were measurable at few of 192 ground-water sites, even at sites at which ground water contained large concentrations of dissolved methane, which indicates that soil-gas surveys are not useful to delineate areas of gas-affected ground water. The reporting limit of 0.005 milligram per liter of gas was equaled or exceeded by 40 percent of soil-gas measurements adjacent to 352 gas-well casings.&nbsp;Concentrations of at least 100 milligrams per liter of gas were measured at 25 (7 percent) of the sites.</p><p>Potential sources of gases in water, soil, gas-well surface casings, and cathodic-protection wells were determined on the basis of their isotopic and molecular compositions and available information about gas-well construction or leaks. Biogenic and thermogenic sources of gas exist in the near-surface environment of the study area. Biogenic gas is present locally in the near-surface Animas and Nacimiento formations, and biogenic gas has been detected in water wells completed in those rocks. Most gas probably is thermogenic gas from deep reservoirs, including the Dakota Sandstone, Mesaverde Group, Lewis Shale, Pictured Cliffs Sandstone, and coals in the Fruitland Formation. Less important sources include sandstones in the upper Fruitland Formation and the Kirtland Shale.</p><p>Although migration of gas by diffusion or through natural fractures is possible, manmade conduits probably account for most of the upward migration of gas to the near-surface environment of the study area. Primary migration pathways largely consist of 1) leaking, conventional gas wells and 2) uncemented annuli of conventional gas wells along coals in the Fruitland Formation. Secondary migration pathways are gas-well annuli, cathodic-protection wells, seismic-test holes, and bedrock water wells. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944006","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Colorado Oil and Gas Conversation Commission, La Plata County, and the Southern Ute Tribal Council","usgsCitation":"Chafin, D.T., 1994, Sources and migration pathways of natural gas in near-surface ground water beneath the Animas River valley, Colorado and New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4006, Report: ix, 56 p.; 3 Plates: 42.17 x 47.80 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944006.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 56 p.; 3 Plates: 42.17 x 47.80 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":351272,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4006/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":351273,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4006/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":351274,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4006/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157208,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4006/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55417,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4006/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","datum":"National Geodetic Datum of 1929","country":"United States","state":"Colorado, New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Animas River valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109,\n              35.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.9,\n              35.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.9,\n              37.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -109,\n              37.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -109,\n              35.75\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e76c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chafin, Daniel T.","contributorId":77500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chafin","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":18267,"text":"ofr94156 - 1994 - Onshore-offshore wide-angle seismic recordings of the San Francisco Bay Area Seismic Imaging eXperiment (BASIX); data from the Northern California Seismic Network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:22","indexId":"ofr94156","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-156","title":"Onshore-offshore wide-angle seismic recordings of the San Francisco Bay Area Seismic Imaging eXperiment (BASIX); data from the Northern California Seismic Network","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr94156","usgsCitation":"Brocher, T., and Pope, D., 1994, Onshore-offshore wide-angle seismic recordings of the San Francisco Bay Area Seismic Imaging eXperiment (BASIX); data from the Northern California Seismic Network: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-156, 123 p. :chiefly ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94156.","productDescription":"123 p. :chiefly ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151141,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0156/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47620,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0156/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af2e4b07f02db691948","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brocher, T.M. 0000-0002-9740-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":69994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pope, D.C.","contributorId":47234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":54555,"text":"wdrGA931 - 1994 - Water Resources Data, Georgia, Water Year 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:25:53","indexId":"wdrGA931","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"GA-93-1","title":"Water Resources Data, Georgia, Water Year 1993","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrGA931","usgsCitation":"Stokes, W., and McFarlane, R., 1994, Water Resources Data, Georgia, Water Year 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report GA-93-1, 678 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrGA931.","productDescription":"678 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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,{"id":70182912,"text":"70182912 - 1994 - Map and table showing isotopic age data in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-19T21:28:08","indexId":"70182912","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"8","title":"Map and table showing isotopic age data in Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>The source of the data reported here is a compilation of radiometric ages maintained in conjunction with the Alaska Mineral Resource Assessment Program (AMRAP) studies for Alaska. The symbol shape plotted at each location is coded for rock type, whether igneous, metamorphic, or other; the color of the symbol shows the geologic era or period for the Sample(s) at each locale. A list of references for each quadrangle is given to enable the user to find specific information including analytical data for each sample dated within a particular quadrangle. At the scale of this map, the very large number of Samples and the clustering of the samples in limited areas prevented the showing of individual sample numbers on the map.</span></p><p><span>Synthesis and interpretation of any data set requires the user to evaluate the reliability or value of each component of the data set with respect to his or her intended use of the data. For geochronological data, this evaluation must be based on both analytical and geological criteria. Most age determinations are published with calculated estimates of analytical precision, Replicate analyses are infrequently performed; therefore, reported analytical precision is based on estimates of the precision of various components of the analysis and often on an intuitive factor to cover components that may have not been considered. Analytical accuracy is somewhat more difficult to determine; it is not only dependent on the actual measurement, it is also concerned with uncertainties in decay and abundance constants, uncertainties in the isotopic composition and size of the tracer for conventional K-Ar ages, and uncertainties in the Original isotopic composition of the sample, Geologic accuracy of a date is Variable; the interpretation of the meaning of an age determination, is important in the evaluation of its geologic accuracy. Potassium-argon, rubidium-strontium, and uranium-lead age determinations on a single sample can differ widely yet none or all may be wrong Given that the basic Conditions of each dating method were met, each method determines an age based on the equilibration of its particular isotopic system, yet these are different systems and they react to heat, pressure, and recrystallization in different ways.</span></p><p><span>This map is a compilation and not a synthesis or interpretation. Its purpose is to help the user determine the dating coverage of areas of Alaska and gain access to the available data for the state or a project area. Interpretation of that data and evaluation of its suitability for use with any particular project is left to the user. Compilations, with sample data, have been published for much of the state; and are as follows: Wilson, and others (1979), southeastern Alaska; Wilson (1981), Aleutian Islands and Alaska Peninsula, Shew and Wilson (1981), southwestern Alaska; Wilson and others (1985), Yukon Crystalline terrane; Grybeck and others (1977), northern Alaska; Dadisman (1980), south-central Alaska.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The geology of Alaska: Volume G-1 of Decade of North American Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","usgsCitation":"Wilson, F.H., Shew, N.B., and DuBois, G., 1994, Map and table showing isotopic age data in Alaska, chap. 8 <i>of</i> The geology of Alaska: Volume G-1 of Decade of North American Geology, v. 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,{"id":19059,"text":"ofr94205 - 1994 - U.S. Geological Survey coal quality (COALQUAL) database; version 1.3","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":19059,"text":"ofr94205 - 1994 - U.S. Geological Survey coal quality (COALQUAL) database; version 1.3","indexId":"ofr94205","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"title":"U.S. Geological Survey coal quality (COALQUAL) database; version 1.3"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":22227,"text":"ofr97134 - 1997 - U.S. Geological Survey coal quality (COALQUAL) database: Version 2.0","indexId":"ofr97134","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"U.S. Geological Survey coal quality (COALQUAL) database: Version 2.0"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":22227,"text":"ofr97134 - 1997 - U.S. Geological Survey coal quality (COALQUAL) database: Version 2.0","indexId":"ofr97134","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"U.S. Geological Survey coal quality (COALQUAL) database: Version 2.0"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-12T19:17:13.125893","indexId":"ofr94205","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-205","title":"U.S. Geological Survey coal quality (COALQUAL) database; version 1.3","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr94205","usgsCitation":"Bragg, L.J., Oman, J.K., Tewalt, S., Oman, C., Rega, N.H., Washington, P.M., and Finkelman, R.B., 1994, U.S. Geological Survey coal quality (COALQUAL) database; version 1.3: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-205, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94205.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151048,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":416998,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_13247.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2be4b07f02db612dc5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bragg, L. J.","contributorId":104055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bragg","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oman, J. K.","contributorId":97515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tewalt, S.J.","contributorId":55838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tewalt","given":"S.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oman, C.L.","contributorId":95893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oman","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rega, N. H.","contributorId":8469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rega","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Washington, P. M.","contributorId":29453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Washington","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Finkelman, R. B.","contributorId":20341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkelman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":5223020,"text":"5223020 - 1994 - Late winter survival of female mallards in Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-06T16:35:53.870175","indexId":"5223020","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late winter survival of female mallards in Arkansas","docAbstract":"<p>Determining factors that limit winter survival of waterfowl is necessary to develop effective management plans. We radiomarked immature and adult female mallards (<i>Anas platyrhynchos</i>) after the 1988 and 1989 hunting seasons in eastcentral Arkansas to test whether natural mortality sources and habitat conditions during late winter limit seasonal survival. We used data from 92 females to calculate survival estimates. We observed no mortalities during 2,510 exposure days, despite differences in habitat conditions between years. We used the binomial distribution to calculate daily and 30-day survival estimates plus 95% confidence intervals of 0.9988 <span>≤</span> 0.9997 <span>≤</span> 1.00 and 0.9648 <span>≤</span> 0.9925 <span>≤</span> 1.00, respectively. Our data indirectly support the hypothesis that hunting mortality and habitat conditions during the hunting season are the major determinants of winter survival for female mallards in Arkansas.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3809554","usgsCitation":"Dugger, B., Reinecke, K.J., and Fredrickson, L.H., 1994, Late winter survival of female mallards in Arkansas: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 58, no. 1, p. 94-99, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809554.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"94","endPage":"99","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489876,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3809554","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":193981,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"White River National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.18171481207008,\n              34.37323485085338\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.18171481207008,\n              34.012709674636895\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.0179255009495,\n              34.012709674636895\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.0179255009495,\n              34.37323485085338\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.18171481207008,\n              34.37323485085338\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8b68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dugger, Bruce D.","contributorId":81236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugger","given":"Bruce D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reinecke, Kenneth J.","contributorId":87275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinecke","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fredrickson, Leigh H.","contributorId":55874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fredrickson","given":"Leigh","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70180858,"text":"70180858 - 1994 - Identification of tundra land cover near Teschekpuk Lake, Alaska using SPOT satellite data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-19T12:54:18","indexId":"70180858","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":894,"text":"Arctic","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of tundra land cover near Teschekpuk Lake, Alaska using SPOT satellite data","docAbstract":"<div data-canvas-width=\"802.2702499999997\"><p>Tundra vegetation in the Teshekpuk Lake area of the Alaskan Arctic Coastal Plain was mapped to assess distribution and abundance of waterfowl habitats. Three SPOT satellite scenes were acquired and registered to a 20 m Universal Transverse Mercator grid. Two clustering techniques were used to develop statistical parameters by which the SPOT data were spectrally classified. A maximum likelihood algorithm that correlated spectral classes with land cover types was applied to the SPOT data. Field data were used to assist in spectral class labeling and vegetation descriptions. Twelve cover classes were mapped. The most common type was moist sedge meadow tundra (13.5%); the least common was moss/peat shoreline (0.2%). The moss/peat shoreline type, important to moulting geese and other waterfowl, was spectrally identified using supervised clustering techniques. All other land cover types were identified using unsupervised clustering techniques. Cover classes were described, and a tundra landscape profile produced.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Arctic Institute of North America","publisherLocation":"Calgary, AB","doi":"10.14430/arctic1292","usgsCitation":"Markon, C.J., and Derksen, D.V., 1994, Identification of tundra land cover near Teschekpuk Lake, Alaska using SPOT satellite data: Arctic, v. 47, no. 3, p. 222-231, https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic1292.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"222","endPage":"231","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic1292","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":334785,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Alaskan Arctic Coastal Plain, Teshekpuk Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -154.39086914062497,\n              70.41839684291871\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.39086914062497,\n              70.94176852101896\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.017822265625,\n              70.94176852101896\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.017822265625,\n              70.41839684291871\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.39086914062497,\n              70.41839684291871\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"589847abe4b0efcedb7072e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markon, Carl J. markon@usgs.gov","contributorId":2499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markon","given":"Carl","email":"markon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Derksen, Dirk V. dderksen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derksen","given":"Dirk","email":"dderksen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017875,"text":"70017875 - 1994 - Mantle plume influence on the Neogene uplift and extension of the US western Cordillera?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-21T22:54:02.447834","indexId":"70017875","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mantle plume influence on the Neogene uplift and extension of the US western Cordillera?","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15575888\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>espite its highly extended and thinned crust, much of the western Cordillera in the United States is elevated more than 1 km above sea level. Therefore, this region cannot be thought of as thick crust floating isostatically in a uniform mantle; rather, the lithospheric mantle and/or the upper asthenosphere must vary in thickness or density across the region. Utilizing crustal thickness and density constraints, we modeled the residual mass deficit that must occur in the mantle lithosphere and asthenosphere beneath the western Cordillera. A major hot spot broke out during a complex series of Cenozoic tectonic events that included lithospheric thickening, backarc extension, and transition from a subduction to a transform plate boundary. We suggest that many of the characteristics that make the western Cordillera unique among extensional provinces can be ttributed to the mantle plume that created the Yellowstone hot spot.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0083:MPIOTN>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Parsons, T., Thompson, G.A., and Sleep, N.H., 1994, Mantle plume influence on the Neogene uplift and extension of the US western Cordillera?: Geology, v. 22, no. 1, p. 83-86, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0083:MPIOTN>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"86","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228679,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4cd7e4b0c8380cd69f33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, T.","contributorId":48288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, G. A.","contributorId":90332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sleep, Norman H.","contributorId":59566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleep","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":4926,"text":"ds6rel2 - 1994 - Stratigraphic nomenclature databases for the United States, its possessions and territories","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:44","indexId":"ds6rel2","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"6","title":"Stratigraphic nomenclature databases for the United States, its possessions and territories","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"The Survey :For sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section],","doi":"10.3133/ds6rel2","issn":"1088-1018","usgsCitation":"MacLachlan, M.E., Murdock, C.R., and Hubert, M.L., 1994, Stratigraphic nomenclature databases for the United States, its possessions and territories (Release 2): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 6, 1 computer laser optical disc :col. ;4 3/4 in.  Supercedes 1992 (Release 1) and superceded by 1996 (Release 3). , https://doi.org/10.3133/ds6rel2.","productDescription":"1 computer laser optical disc :col. ;4 3/4 in.  Supercedes 1992 (Release 1) and superceded by 1996 (Release 3). ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139578,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Release 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aebf0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacLachlan, M. E. (compiler)","contributorId":104483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacLachlan","given":"M.","suffix":"(compiler)","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murdock, Cynthia R.","contributorId":31754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murdock","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hubert, Marilyn L.","contributorId":48168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"Marilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70184279,"text":"70184279 - 1994 - Seasonal and annual survival of emperor geese","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-15T10:57:39","indexId":"70184279","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal and annual survival of emperor geese","docAbstract":"<p><span>Population levels of emperor geese (<i>Chen canagica</i>) in Alaska in 1993 were about half that estimated in the 1960s. Survival information is necessary for managers to decide how to best enhance recovery of this species to former levels. We calculated seasonal and annual estimates of emperor goose survival from resightings of neck-collared birds. Geese were neck collared in 1988-90 on their breeding grounds in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, and resighted each spring and fall, 1988-92, at staging areas on the Alaska Peninsula. Adult monthly survival rates during overwinter periods (1 Oct-30 Apr) were not different (P = 0.281) among years (</span>Ŝ'<span>= 0.940, SE = 0.009), whereas monthly rates of oversummer (1 May-30 Sep) survival showed annual variation (P = 0.048). However, we constrained oversummer survival to a single estimate of 0.980 (0.010). Monthly survival estimates for juveniles during their first overwinter period did not vary among years (P = 0.999) and was 0.710 (0.018). Subsequent monthly survival for juveniles was 0.943 (0.010), similar to that for adults. We developed an adjustment procedure to account for philopatric behavior of geese and this enabled us to use data for postbanding (1 Aug-30 Sep) periods. Survival estimates were low compared with those for other goose species, particularly for juveniles. We addressed collar loss and heterogeneity in resighting probabilities and felt their contribution to potential model bias was insignificant. Annual survival among adults (Ŝ' = 0.631, SE = 0.023) was not different (P = 0.709) from that observed during 1982-85 (Petersen 1992). The similarity in survival rates in these studies suggests that harvest regimes did not differ between the 2 periods. This suggests that continued subsistence harvest has contributed to persistent low population levels in emperor geese.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3809325","usgsCitation":"Schmutz, J.A., Cantor, S.E., and Petersen, M.R., 1994, Seasonal and annual survival of emperor geese: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 58, no. 3, p. 525-535, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809325.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"525","endPage":"535","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336902,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"58","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58be8340e4b014cc3a3a9a23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cantor, Susan E.","contributorId":187555,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cantor","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Petersen, Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70182508,"text":"70182508 - 1994 - Designing global land cover databases to maximize utility—the US prototype","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-16T16:52:51.919029","indexId":"70182508","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"19","title":"Designing global land cover databases to maximize utility—the US prototype","docAbstract":"<p><span>One of the most pressing problems in global climate and ecosystem studies is a lack of adequate land cover data. Staff from the United States Geological Survey's EROS Data Center and the University of Nebraska have developed a United States prototype for a proposed global land cover characteristics database derived from 1-km Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer satellite data. A total of 159 seasonally distinct spectral I temporal land cover classes were labelled according to their constituent vegetation types rather than forcing the vegetation complexes into a predefined classification scheme. The database contains attributes that characterize each land cover class, including elevation, climate attributes and biophysical parameters derived from the normalized difference vegetation index (ND VI). The database design permits convenient translation to a variety of land cover classification schemes commonly used in global scale models. This approach allows scientists to continue using classification schemes with which they are comfortable, eliminates duplicating land cover database development, and provides a degree of uniformity in the development of parallel but distinct databases.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental information management and analysis—ecosystem to global scales","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","publisherLocation":"Bristol, PA","doi":"10.1201/9781482272505","usgsCitation":"Reed, B., Loveland, T., Steyaert, L.T., Brown, J.F., Merchant, J., and Ohlen, D., 1994, Designing global land cover databases to maximize utility—the US prototype, chap. 19 <i>of</i> Environmental information management and analysis—ecosystem to global scales, p. 299-314, https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482272505.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"299","endPage":"314","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336141,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1994-08-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b002d9e4b01ccd54fb2803","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Michener, W.K.","contributorId":59139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michener","given":"W.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671324,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brunt, J.W.","contributorId":182387,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brunt","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671325,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stafford, S.G.","contributorId":182386,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stafford","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671326,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Reed, B. C. 0000-0002-1132-7178","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1132-7178","contributorId":55594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"B. C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":671318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":106125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":671319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steyaert, L. T.","contributorId":71303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steyaert","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, Jesslyn F. 0000-0002-9976-1998 jfbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-1998","contributorId":3241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Jesslyn","email":"jfbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":671321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Merchant, J.W.","contributorId":75694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merchant","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ohlen, D.O.","contributorId":72371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohlen","given":"D.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":17847,"text":"ofr94339 - 1994 - Water-resources activities in New England, fiscal year 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:21","indexId":"ofr94339","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-339","title":"Water-resources activities in New England, fiscal year 1993","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey has 82 active or complete-except-report projects of hydrologic investigations ongoing within the New England Program Area. Of this total, 23 are data projects. Data projects contain statistics and data on the conditions of surface water, ground water, water quality and (or) water use for the study area. There currently are six data projects in Connecticut, five in Maine, four in Massachusetts, four in Rhode Island, and four in New Hampshire and Vermont. The remaining 59 of these projects are interpretive projects. Interpretive projects include research, aerial appraisal, and other hydrologic studies and include projects as diverse as (1) determining the direction of ground-water flow at a toxic site, (2) predicting the effect of acid rain on water quality of a reservoir, and (3) estimating yields of aquifers on Cape Cod. Of the interpretive projects, 26 are in Massachusetts, 17 in Connecticut, 17 are in New Hampshire and Vermont, 6 are in Maine, and 3 in Rhode Island. The report is compiled from project descriptions for fiscal year 1993. It briefly describes the water-resources activities and projects that were active in each District of the USGS, Water Resources Division, New England Program Area of September 30, 1993. Cooperator or funding source, problem statements, objectives, approaches, progress, and plans for next year are described for each project. The project area is located on a map of the appropriate State(s). The report contains a bibliography, by District and by author, of reports completed since 1977.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr94339","usgsCitation":"Orlando, M., 1994, Water-resources activities in New England, fiscal year 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-339, v, 134 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94339.","productDescription":"v, 134 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150167,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0339/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47085,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0339/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ac07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orlando, M.F.","contributorId":57475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orlando","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":33121,"text":"b1926 - 1994 - Airborne remote sensing for geology and the environment; present and future","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-07T10:48:41","indexId":"b1926","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1926","title":"Airborne remote sensing for geology and the environment; present and future","docAbstract":"<p>In 1988, a group of leading experts from government, academia, and industry attended a workshop on airborne remote sensing sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and hosted by the Branch of Geophysics. The purpose of the workshop was to examine the scientific rationale for airborne remote sensing in support of government earth science in the next decade. This report has arranged the six resulting working-group reports under two main headings: (1) Geologic Remote Sensing, for the reports on geologic mapping, mineral resources, and fossil fuels and geothermal resources; and (2) Environmental Remote Sensing, for the reports on environmental geology, geologic hazards, and water resources. The intent of the workshop was to provide an evaluation of demonstrated capabilities, their direct extensions, and possible future applications, and this was the organizational format used for the geologic remote sensing reports. The working groups in environmental remote sensing chose to present their reports in a somewhat modified version of this format. A final section examines future advances and limitations in the field. </p><p>There is a large, complex, and often bewildering array of remote sensing data available. Early remote sensing studies were based on data collected from airborne platforms. Much of that technology was later extended to satellites. The original 80-m-resolution Landsat Multispectral Scanner System (MSS) has now been largely superseded by the 30-m-resolution Thematic Mapper (TM) system that has additional spectral channels. The French satellite SPOT provides higher spatial resolution for channels equivalent to MSS. Low-resolution (1 km) data are available from the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's AVHRR system, which acquires reflectance and day and night thermal data daily. Several experimental satellites have acquired limited data, and there are extensive plans for future satellites including those of Japan (JERS), Europe (ESA), Canada (Radarsat), and the United States (EOS). </p><p>There are currently two national airborne remote sensing programs (photography, radar) with data archived at the USGS' EROS Data Center. Airborne broadband multispectral data (comparable to Landsat MSS and TM but involving several more channels) for limited geographic areas also are available for digital processing and analysis. Narrow-band imaging spectrometer data are available for some NASA experiment sites and can be acquired for other locations commercially. </p><p>Remote sensing data and derivative images, because of the uniform spatial coverage, availability at different resolutions, and digital format, are becoming important data sets for geographic information system (GIS) analyses. Examples range from overlaying digitized geologic maps on remote sensing images and draping these over topography, to maps of mineral distribution and inferred abundance. </p><p>A large variety of remote sensing data sets are available, with costs ranging from a few dollars per square mile for satellite digital data to a few hundred dollars per square mile for airborne imaging spectrometry. Computer processing and analysis costs routinely surpass these expenses because of the equipment and expertise necessary for information extraction and interpretation. Effective use requires both an understanding of the current methodology and an appreciation of the most cost-effective solution.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/b1926","usgsCitation":"1994, Airborne remote sensing for geology and the environment; present and future: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1926, xiii, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1926.","productDescription":"xiii, 43 p.","numberOfPages":"60","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161434,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":330815,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1926/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db688f78","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Watson, Ken","contributorId":90317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652814,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knepper, Daniel H. dknepper@usgs.gov","contributorId":1242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knepper","given":"Daniel","email":"dknepper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":652815,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017858,"text":"70017858 - 1994 - Prediction of structural response to large earthquakes by using recordings from smaller earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:57","indexId":"70017858","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Prediction of structural response to large earthquakes by using recordings from smaller earthquakes","docAbstract":"The feasibility of predicting structural response to large earthquakes by using recorded responses from collocated smaller earthquakes is investigated. Records from large earthquakes can be approximated as linear combinations of records from smaller earthquakes. Two methods are introduced to predict structural response to a large earthquake by using the recorded response to a smaller earthquake. The accuracy of the methods are tested by applying them to data from a highway overpass.","largerWorkTitle":"Structures Congress XII","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the Structures Congress '94","conferenceDate":"24 April 1994 through 28 April 1994","conferenceLocation":"Atlanta, GA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"087262952X","usgsCitation":"Safak, E., 1994, Prediction of structural response to large earthquakes by using recordings from smaller earthquakes, <i>in</i> Structures Congress XII, Atlanta, GA, USA, 24 April 1994 through 28 April 1994, p. 1391-1396.","startPage":"1391","endPage":"1396","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81f4e4b0c8380cd7b810","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Safak, Erdal","contributorId":73984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Safak","given":"Erdal","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":4882,"text":"ds23 - 1994 - Photoglossary of Marine and Continental Ichnofossils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-28T13:28:51","indexId":"ds23","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"23","title":"Photoglossary of Marine and Continental Ichnofossils","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds23","issn":"1088-1018","collaboration":"The USGS does not provide technical support for the software associated with this publication.","usgsCitation":"Hasiotis, S.T., Bown, T.M., and Abston, C., 1994, Photoglossary of Marine and Continental Ichnofossils: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 23, Available as CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds23.","productDescription":"Available as CD-ROM","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":139966,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282963,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/023/application.zip"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db6353b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hasiotis, Stephen T.","contributorId":77923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hasiotis","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bown, Thomas M.","contributorId":67081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bown","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abston, C. C.","contributorId":30617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abston","given":"C. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":54982,"text":"wdrSD931 - 1994 - Water resources data, South Dakota, water year 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-04T16:53:41.851973","indexId":"wdrSD931","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"SD-93-1","title":"Water resources data, South Dakota, water year 1993","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrSD931","usgsCitation":"Burr, M., Sando, S.K., Teller, R., and Lindskov, K., 1994, Water resources data, South Dakota, water year 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report SD-93-1, xi, 415 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrSD931.","productDescription":"xi, 415 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,{"id":70185395,"text":"70185395 - 1994 - Local energy flux estimates for unstable conditions using variance data in semiarid rangelands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-07T15:17:19","indexId":"70185395","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Local energy flux estimates for unstable conditions using variance data in semiarid rangelands","docAbstract":"<p><span>A network of meteorological stations was installed during the Monsoon '90 field campaign in the Walnut Gulch experimental watershed. The study area has a fairly complex surface. The vegetation cover is heterogeneous and sparse, and the terrain is mildly hilly, but dissected by ephemeral channels. Besides measurement of some of the standard weather data such as wind speed, air temperature, and solar radiation, these sites also contained instruments for estimating the local surface energy balance. The approach utilized measurements of net radiation (</span><i>R</i><sub><i>n</i></sub><span>), soil heat flux (</span><i>G</i><span>) and Monin-Obukhov similarity theory applied to first- and second-order turbulent statistics of wind speed and temperature for determining the sensible heat flux (</span><i>H</i><span>). The latent heat flux (</span><i>LE</i><span>) was solved as a residual in the surface energy balance equation, namely,<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>LE</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= −(</span><i>R</i><sub><i>n</i></sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>+<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>G</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>+<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>H</i><span>). This procedure (VAR-RESID) for estimating the energy fluxes satisfied monetary constraints and the requirement for low maintenance and continued operation through the harsh environmental conditions experienced in semiarid regions. Comparison of energy fluxes using this approach with more traditional eddy correlation techniques showed differences were within 20% under unstable conditions. Similar variability in flux estimates over the study area was present in the eddy correlation data. Hence, estimates of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>H</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>LE</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>using the VAR-RESID approach under unstable conditions were considered satisfactory. Also, with second-order statistics of vertical velocity collected at several sites, the local momentum roughness length was estimated. This is an important parameter used in modeling the turbulent transfer of momentum and sensible heat fluxes across the surface-atmosphere interface.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93WR03084","usgsCitation":"Kustas, W.P., Blanford, J., Stannard, D., Daughtry, C., Nichols, W.D., and Weltz, M., 1994, Local energy flux estimates for unstable conditions using variance data in semiarid rangelands: Water Resources Research, v. 30, no. 5, p. 1351-1361, https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR03084.","productDescription":"10 p. 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