{"pageNumber":"136","pageRowStart":"3375","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16458,"records":[{"id":70114014,"text":"ofr20141101 - 2014 - Stable isotope (δ<sup>18</sup>O and δ<sup>2</sup>H) data for precipitation, stream water, and groundwater in Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-14T08:44:49","indexId":"ofr20141101","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-14T08:35:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1101","title":"Stable isotope (δ<sup>18</sup>O and δ<sup>2</sup>H) data for precipitation, stream water, and groundwater in Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"<p>Puerto Rico is located in the northeastern Caribbean Sea (18.2 °N, 66.3 °W), with the Atlantic Ocean on its northern coast. The U.S. Geological Survey’s Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budgets (WEBB) program study area in which most of these data were collected comprises the El Yunque National Forest and surrounding area of eastern Puerto Rico. Samples were collected in two forested watersheds, the Rio Mameyes and the Rio Icacos/Rio Blanco, on opposite sides of a ridge in the Luquillo Mountains on the eastern end of the island (fig. 1). Elevation in both watersheds ranges from sea level to approximately 1,000 meters (m). Near sea level, land use is mixed pasture, moist forest, and residential, grading to completely forested within the boundaries of El Yunque National Forest. Forest type changes with elevation from tabonuco to palo colorado to sierra palm to cloud forest above approximately 950 m (Murphy and others, 2012). The Rio Mameyes watershed is oriented north-northeast, and the basin is underlain by volcaniclastic bedrock (basaltic to andesitic volcanic sandstone/mudstone/conglomerate/breccia). The Rio Icacos/Rio Blanco watershed is oriented south-southeast. The Rio Icacos is one of the headwaters of the Rio Blanco and is underlain by quartz diorite. The lower Rio Blanco basin is underlain by andesitic volcaniclastic bedrock. This report also contains a long-term rain isotope dataset from the San Agustin site, in north-central Puerto Rico (fig. 1).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Puerto Rico has a tropical climate dominated by easterly trade winds, and seasonal climate patterns affect the hydrology of the study area. The summer wet season is characterized by convective precipitation from tropical easterly waves, troughs, and cyclonic low-pressure systems, including tropical storms and hurricanes; in contrast, the drier winter season is characterized by trade-wind showers and frontal systems. The highest single-event rainfall totals tend to be associated with tropical storms, hurricanes, and cold fronts, although frequent low-intensity orographic showers occur throughout the year in the mountains. The stable isotope signatures of rainfall (δ<sup>2</sup>H and δ<sup>18</sup>O) are broadly correlated with the weather type that produced the rainfall (Scholl and others, 2009; Scholl and Murphy, 2014).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141101","usgsCitation":"Scholl, M.A., Torres-Sanchez, A., and Rosario-Torres, M., 2014, Stable isotope (δ<sup>18</sup>O and δ<sup>2</sup>H) data for precipitation, stream water, and groundwater in Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1101, v, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141101.","productDescription":"v, 29 p.","numberOfPages":"35","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-053915","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292136,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1101/"},{"id":292137,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1101/pdf/of2014-1101.pdf"},{"id":292138,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141101.jpg"}],"country":"Puerto Rico","otherGeospatial":"El Yunque National Forest;Luquillo Mountains;Rio Blanco;Rio Icacos;Rio Mameyes","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -66.608333,18.15 ], [ -66.608333,18.420833 ], [ -65.65,18.420833 ], [ -65.65,18.15 ], [ -66.608333,18.15 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53edbf31e4b0f61b386c826c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scholl, Martha A. 0000-0001-6994-4614 mascholl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6994-4614","contributorId":1920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"Martha","email":"mascholl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Torres-Sanchez, Angel","contributorId":56567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torres-Sanchez","given":"Angel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosario-Torres, Manuel","contributorId":103192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosario-Torres","given":"Manuel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70119919,"text":"70119919 - 2014 - Multi-scale observations of the variability of magmatic CO2 emissions, Mammoth Mountain, CA, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-11T10:03:15","indexId":"70119919","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-11T15:44:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multi-scale observations of the variability of magmatic CO2 emissions, Mammoth Mountain, CA, USA","docAbstract":"One of the primary indicators of volcanic unrest at Mammoth Mountain is diffuse emission of magmatic CO<sub>2</sub>, which can effectively track this unrest if its variability in space and time and relationship to near-surface meteorological and hydrologic phenomena versus those occurring at depth beneath the mountain are understood. In June–October 2013, we conducted accumulation chamber soil CO<sub>2</sub> flux surveys and made half-hourly CO<sub>2</sub> flux measurements with automated eddy covariance and accumulation chamber (auto-chamber) instrumentation at the largest area of diffuse CO<sub>2</sub> degassing on Mammoth Mountain (Horseshoe Lake tree kill; HLTK). Estimated CO<sub>2</sub> emission rates for HLTK based on 20 June, 30 July, and 24–25 October soil CO<sub>2</sub> flux surveys were 165, 172, and 231 t d<sup>− 1</sup>, respectively. The average (June–October) CO<sub>2</sub> emission rate estimated for this area was 123 t d<sup>− 1</sup> based on an inversion of 4527 eddy covariance CO<sub>2</sub> flux measurements and corresponding modeled source weight functions. Average daily eddy covariance and auto-chamber CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes consistently declined over the four-month observation time. Wavelet analysis of auto-chamber CO<sub>2</sub> flux and environmental parameter time series was used to evaluate the periodicity of, and local correlation between these variables in time–frequency space. Overall, CO<sub>2</sub> emissions at HLTK were highly dynamic, displaying short-term (hourly to weekly) temporal variability related to meteorological and hydrologic changes, as well as long-term (monthly to multi-year) variations related to migration of CO<sub>2</sub>-rich magmatic fluids beneath the volcano. Accumulation chamber soil CO<sub>2</sub> flux surveys were also conducted in the four additional areas of diffuse CO<sub>2</sub> degassing on Mammoth Mountain in July–August 2013. Summing CO<sub>2</sub> emission rates for all five areas yielded a total for the mountain of 311 t d<sup>− 1</sup>, which may suggest that emissions returned to 1998–2009 levels, following an increase from 2009 to 2011.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.07.011","usgsCitation":"Lewicki, J.L., and Hilley, G.E., 2014, Multi-scale observations of the variability of magmatic CO2 emissions, Mammoth Mountain, CA, USA: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 284, p. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.07.011.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"15","ipdsId":"IP-056366","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291980,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mammoth Mountain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.09,37.59 ], [ -119.09,37.66 ], [ -119.0,37.66 ], [ -119.0,37.59 ], [ -119.09,37.59 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"284","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e9caafe4b008eaa4f35a7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewicki, Jennifer L. 0000-0003-1994-9104 jlewicki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1994-9104","contributorId":5071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewicki","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlewicki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hilley, George E.","contributorId":85484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hilley","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70115925,"text":"sir20145125 - 2014 - A precipitation-runoff model for simulating natural streamflow conditions in the Smith River watershed, Montana, water years 1996-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-08T12:44:08","indexId":"sir20145125","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-08T11:55:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5125","title":"A precipitation-runoff model for simulating natural streamflow conditions in the Smith River watershed, Montana, water years 1996-2008","docAbstract":"<p>This report documents the construction of a precipitation-runoff model for simulating natural streamflow in the Smith River watershed, Montana. This Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System model, constructed in cooperation with the Meagher County Conservation District, can be used to examine the general hydrologic framework of the Smith River watershed, including quantification of precipitation, evapotranspiration, and streamflow; partitioning of streamflow between surface runoff and subsurface flow; and quantifying contributions to streamflow from several parts of the watershed.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The model was constructed by using spatial datasets describing watershed topography, the streams, and the hydrologic characteristics of the basin soils and vegetation. Time-series data (daily total precipitation, and daily minimum and maximum temperature) were input to the model to simulate daily streamflow. The model was calibrated for water years 2002–2007 and evaluated for water years 1996–2001. Though water year 2008 was included in the study period to evaluate water-budget components, calibration and evaluation data were unavailable for that year. During the calibration and evaluation periods, simulated-natural flow values were compared to reconstructed-natural streamflow data. These reconstructed-natural streamflow data were calculated by adding Bureau of Reclamation’s depletions data to the observed streamflows. Reconstructed-natural streamflows represent estimates of streamflows for water years 1996–2007 assuming there was no agricultural water-resources development in the watershed. Additional calibration targets were basin mean monthly solar radiation and potential evapotranspiration.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The model estimated the hydrologic processes in the Smith River watershed during the calibration and evaluation periods. Simulated-natural mean annual and mean monthly flows generally were the same or higher than the reconstructed-natural streamflow values during the calibration period, whereas they were lower during the evaluation period. The shape of the annual hydrographs for the simulated-natural daily streamflow values matched the shape of the hydrographs for the reconstructed-natural values for most of the calibration period, but daily streamflow values were underestimated during the evaluation period for water years 1996–1998.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The model enabled a detailed evaluation of the components of the water budget within the Smith River watershed during the water year 1996–2008 study period. During this study period, simulated mean annual precipitation across the Smith River watershed was 16 inches, out of which 14 inches evaporated or transpired and 2 inches left the basin as streamflow. Per the precipitation-runoff model simulations, during most of the year, surface runoff rarely (less than 2 percent of the time during water years 2002–2008) makes up more than 10 percent of the total streamflow. Subsurface flow (the combination of interflow and groundwater flow) makes up most of the total streamflow (99 or more percent of total streamflow for 71 percent of the time during water years 2002–2008).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145125","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Meagher County Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Chase, K.J., Caldwell, R.R., and Stanley, A.K., 2014, A precipitation-runoff model for simulating natural streamflow conditions in the Smith River watershed, Montana, water years 1996-2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5125, vi, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145125.","productDescription":"vi, 29 p.","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1995-10-01","temporalEnd":"2008-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-055228","costCenters":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291909,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145125.jpg"},{"id":291908,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5125/pdf/sir2014-5125.pdf"},{"id":291906,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5125/"}],"projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Smith River Watershed","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.0,46.25 ], [ -112.0,47.5 ], [ -110.5,47.5 ], [ -110.5,46.25 ], [ -112.0,46.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e5d62ee4b0b6c2798a65b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chase, Katherine J. 0000-0002-5796-4148 kchase@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5796-4148","contributorId":454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"Katherine","email":"kchase@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caldwell, Rodney R. 0000-0002-2588-715X caldwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2588-715X","contributorId":2577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Rodney","email":"caldwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stanley, Andrea K.","contributorId":61353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Andrea","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70116917,"text":"fs20143061 - 2014 - Summary of hydrologic conditions in Kansas, 2013 water year","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-08T11:42:36","indexId":"fs20143061","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-08T11:38:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3061","title":"Summary of hydrologic conditions in Kansas, 2013 water year","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Kansas Water Science Center (KSWSC), in cooperation with local, State, and other Federal agencies, maintains a long-term network of hydrologic monitoring gages in the State of Kansas. These include 195 real-time streamflow-gaging stations (herein gages) and 12 real-time reservoir-level monitoring stations. These data and associated analysis, accumulated for many years, provide a unique overview of hydrologic conditions and help improve our understanding of our water resources.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143061","usgsCitation":"Peters, A.J., and Rasmussen, T.J., 2014, Summary of hydrologic conditions in Kansas, 2013 water year: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3061, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143061.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","temporalStart":"2012-10-01","temporalEnd":"2013-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-055523","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291905,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143061.jpg"},{"id":291903,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3061/"},{"id":291904,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3061/pdf/fs2014-3061.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -102.0518,36.993 ], [ -102.0518,40.0045 ], [ -94.5884,40.0045 ], [ -94.5884,36.993 ], [ -102.0518,36.993 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e5d630e4b0b6c2798a65e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, Arin J. ajpeters@usgs.gov","contributorId":5862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"Arin","email":"ajpeters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rasmussen, Teresa J. 0000-0002-7023-3868 rasmuss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7023-3868","contributorId":3336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"Teresa","email":"rasmuss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70110586,"text":"sim3300 - 2014 - An expanded model: flood-inundation maps for the Leaf River at Hattiesburg, Mississippi, 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-08T14:12:01","indexId":"sim3300","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-06T11:21:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3300","title":"An expanded model: flood-inundation maps for the Leaf River at Hattiesburg, Mississippi, 2013","docAbstract":"<p>Digital flood-inundation maps for a 6.8-mile reach of the Leaf River at Hattiesburg, Mississippi (Miss.), were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the City of Hattiesburg, City of Petal, Forrest County, Mississippi Emergency Management Agency, Mississippi Department of Homeland Security, and the Emergency Management District. The inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at <a href=\"http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/\" target=\"_blank\">http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/</a>, depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at the USGS streamgage at Leaf River at Hattiesburg, Miss. (station no. 02473000). Current conditions for estimating near-real-time areas of inundation by use of USGS streamgage information may be obtained on the Internet at <a href=\"http://waterdata.usgs.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">http://waterdata.usgs.gov/</a>. In addition, the information has been provided to the National Weather Service (NWS) for incorporation into their Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) flood warning system (<a href=\"http://water.weather.gov/ahps/\" target=\"_blank\">http://water.weather.gov/ahps/</a>). The NWS forecasts flood hydrographs at many places that are often colocated with USGS streamgages. NWS-forecasted peak-stage information may be used in conjunction with the maps developed in this study to show predicted areas of flood inundation.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>In this study, flood profiles were computed for the stream reach by means of a one-dimensional step-backwater model. The model was calibrated by using the most current stage-discharge relations at the Leaf River at Hattiesburg, Miss. streamgage (02473000) and documented high-water marks from recent and historical floods. The hydraulic model was then used to determine 13 water-surface profiles for flood stages at 1.0-foot intervals referenced to the streamgage datum and ranging from bankfull to approximately the highest recorded water level at the streamgage. The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geographic information system (GIS) digital elevation model (DEM, derived from light detection and ranging (lidar) data having a 0.6-foot vertical and 9.84-foot horizontal resolution) in order to delineate the area flooded at each water level.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Development of the estimated flood inundation maps as described in this report update previously published inundation estimates by including reaches of the Bouie and Leaf Rivers above their confluence. The availability of these maps along with Internet information regarding current stage from USGS streamgages and forecasted stream stages from the NWS provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities such as evacuations and road closures as well as for post flood recovery efforts.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3300","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Hattiesburg, City of Petal, Forrest County, Mississippi Emergency Management Agency, Mississippi Department of Homeland Security, and the Emergency Management District and Prepared in collaboration with the National Weather Service","usgsCitation":"Storm, J.B., 2014, An expanded model: flood-inundation maps for the Leaf River at Hattiesburg, Mississippi, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3300, Report: vi, 8 p.; 13 Plates: 18.00 x 22.83 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3300.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 8 p.; 13 Plates: 18.00 x 22.83 inches; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-045674","costCenters":[{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291773,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3300.jpg"},{"id":291775,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3300/pdf/mapsheets/sim3300_sheet11.pdf"},{"id":291774,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3300/pdf/mapsheets/sim3300_sheet1.pdf"},{"id":291779,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3300/pdf/mapsheets/sim3300_sheet2.pdf"},{"id":291780,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3300/pdf/mapsheets/sim3300_sheet3.pdf"},{"id":291781,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3300/pdf/mapsheets/sim3300_sheet4.pdf"},{"id":291782,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3300/pdf/mapsheets/sim3300_sheet5.pdf"},{"id":291776,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3300/pdf/mapsheets/sim3300_sheet10.pdf"},{"id":291777,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3300/pdf/mapsheets/sim3300_sheet12.pdf"},{"id":291778,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3300/pdf/mapsheets/sim3300_sheet13.pdf"},{"id":291783,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3300/pdf/mapsheets/sim3300_sheet6.pdf"},{"id":291784,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3300/pdf/mapsheets/sim3300_sheet7.pdf"},{"id":291785,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3300/pdf/mapsheets/sim3300_sheet9.pdf"},{"id":291786,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3300/pdf/mapsheets/sim3300_sheet8.pdf"},{"id":291770,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3300/"},{"id":291771,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3300/pdf/sim3300_pamphlet.pdf"},{"id":291772,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3300/downloads"}],"projection":"Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","city":"Hattiesburg","otherGeospatial":"Leaf River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.314293,31.295882 ], [ -89.314293,31.363778 ], [ -89.243122,31.363778 ], [ -89.243122,31.295882 ], [ -89.314293,31.295882 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e3332ee4b0567f276f7cf8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storm, John B. 0000-0002-5657-536X jbstorm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5657-536X","contributorId":3684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storm","given":"John","email":"jbstorm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70104555,"text":"70104555 - 2014 - Simulating soil-water movement through loess-veneered landscapes using nonconsilient saturated hydraulic conductivity measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-27T11:46:22","indexId":"70104555","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulating soil-water movement through loess-veneered landscapes using nonconsilient saturated hydraulic conductivity measurements","docAbstract":"<p><span>Soil Survey Geographic Database (SSURGO) data are available for the entire United States, so are incorporated in many regional and national models of hydrology and environmental management. However, SSURGO does not provide an understanding of spatial variability and only includes saturated hydraulic conductivity (</span><i>K</i><sub>sat</sub><span>) values estimated from particle size analysis (PSA). This study showed model sensitivity to the substitution of SSURGO data with locally described soil properties or alternate methods of measuring&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><sub>sat</sub><span>. Incorporation of these different soil data sets significantly changed the results of hydrologic modeling as a consequence of the amount of space available to store soil water and how this soil water is moved downslope. Locally described soil profiles indicated a difference in&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><sub>sat</sub><span>&nbsp;when measured in the field vs. being estimated from PSA. This, in turn, caused a difference in which soil layers were incorporated in the hydrologic simulations using TOPMODEL, ultimately affecting how soil water storage was simulated. Simulations of free-flowing soil water, the amount of water traveling through pores too large to retain water against gravity, were compared with field observations of water in wells at five slope positions along a catena. Comparison of the simulated data with the observed data showed that the ability to model the range of conditions observed in the field varied as a function of three soil data sets (SSURGO and local field descriptions using PSA-derived&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><sub>sat</sub><span>&nbsp;or field-measured&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><sub>sat</sub><span>) and that comparison of absolute values of soil water storage are not valid if different characterizations of soil properties are used.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","doi":"10.2136/sssaj2014.01.0045","usgsCitation":"Williamson, T., Lee, B.D., Schoeneberger, P.J., McCauley, W.M., Indorante, S.J., and Owens, P.R., 2014, Simulating soil-water movement through loess-veneered landscapes using nonconsilient saturated hydraulic conductivity measurements: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 78, no. 4, p. 1320-1331, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2014.01.0045.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1320","endPage":"1331","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051268","costCenters":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297589,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c58e4b08de9379b373e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williamson, Tanja N. tnwillia@usgs.gov","contributorId":452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williamson","given":"Tanja N.","email":"tnwillia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":518851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, Brad D.","contributorId":138937,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"Brad","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12425,"text":"University of Kentucky","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schoeneberger, Philip J.","contributorId":138938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schoeneberger","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6688,"text":"National Soil Survey Center, Natural Resources Conservation Service – United States Department of Agriculture. 100 Centennial Mall North, Lincoln, NE 68508, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCauley, W. M.","contributorId":138939,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCauley","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Indorante, Samuel J.","contributorId":138940,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Indorante","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Owens, Phillip R.","contributorId":119740,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Owens","given":"Phillip","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":518854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70099988,"text":"fs20143025 - 2014 - A multiphased approach to groundwater investigations for the Edwards-Trinity and related aquifers in the Pecos County region, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T12:21:45","indexId":"fs20143025","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-05T16:54:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3025","title":"A multiphased approach to groundwater investigations for the Edwards-Trinity and related aquifers in the Pecos County region, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>The Edwards-Trinity aquifer is a vital groundwater resource for agricultural, industrial, and public supply uses in the Pecos County region of western Texas. Resource managers would like to understand the future availability of water in the Edwards-Trinity aquifer in the Pecos County region and the effects of the possible increase or temporal redistribution of groundwater withdrawals. To provide resource managers with that information, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Middle Pecos Groundwater Conservation District, Pecos County, City of Fort Stockton, Brewster County, and Pecos County Water Control and Improvement District No. 1, completed a three-phase study of the Edwards-Trinity and related aquifers in parts of Brewster, Jeff Davis, Pecos, and Reeves Counties. The first phase was to collect groundwater, surface-water, geochemical, geophysical, and geologic data in the study area and develop a geodatabase of historical and collected data. Data compiled in the first phase of the study were used to develop the conceptual model in the second phase of the study. The third phase of the study involved the development and calibration of a numerical groundwater-flow model of the Edwards-Trinity aquifer to simulate groundwater conditions based on various groundwater-withdrawal scenarios. Analysis of well, geophysical, geochemical, and hydrologic data contributed to the development of the conceptual model in phase 1. Lithologic information obtained from well reports and geophysical data was used to describe the hydrostratigraphy and structural features of the groundwater-flow system, and aquifer-test data were used to estimate aquifer hydraulic properties. Geochemical data were used to evaluate groundwater-flow paths, water-rock interaction, aquifer interaction, and the mixing of water from different sources in phase 2. Groundwater-level data also were used to evaluate aquifer interaction, as well as to develop a potentiometric-surface map, delineate regional groundwater divides, and describe regional groundwater-flow paths. During phase 3, the data collected and compiled along with the conceptual information in the study area were incorporated into a numerical groundwater-flow model to evaluate the sustainability of recent (2008) and projected water-use demands on groundwater resources in the study area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143025","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Middle Pecos Groundwater Conservation District, Pecos County, City of Fort Stockton, Brewster County, and Pecos County Water Control and Improvement District No. 1","usgsCitation":"Thomas, J.V., 2014, A multiphased approach to groundwater investigations for the Edwards-Trinity and related aquifers in the Pecos County region, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3025, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143025.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054855","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291741,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143025.jpg"},{"id":291739,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3025/"},{"id":291740,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3025/pdf/fs2014-3025.pdf"}],"scale":"2000000","projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Pecos County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.00,30.25 ], [ -104.00,31.50 ], [ -102.00,31.50 ], [ -102.00,30.25 ], [ -104.00,30.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e1e1aee4b0fe532be24a4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Jonathan V. 0000-0003-0903-9713 jvthomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0903-9713","contributorId":2194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Jonathan","email":"jvthomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70119244,"text":"70119244 - 2014 - Monitoring Everglades freshwater marsh water level using L-band synthetic aperture radar backscatter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-05T15:15:12","indexId":"70119244","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-05T15:06:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring Everglades freshwater marsh water level using L-band synthetic aperture radar backscatter","docAbstract":"The Florida Everglades plays a significant role in controlling floods, improving water quality, supporting ecosystems, and maintaining biodiversity in south Florida. Adaptive restoration and management of the Everglades requires the best information possible regarding wetland hydrology. We developed a new and innovative approach to quantify spatial and temporal variations in wetland water levels within the Everglades, Florida. We observed high correlations between water level measured at in situ gages and L-band SAR backscatter coefficients in the freshwater marsh, though C-band SAR backscatter has no close relationship with water level. Here we illustrate the complementarity of SAR backscatter coefficient differencing and interferometry (InSAR) for improved estimation of high spatial resolution water level variations in the Everglades. This technique has a certain limitation in applying to swamp forests with dense vegetation cover, but we conclude that this new method is promising in future applications to wetland hydrology research.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2014.03.031","usgsCitation":"Kim, J., Lu, Z., Jones, J., Shum, C., Lee, H., and Jia, Y., 2014, Monitoring Everglades freshwater marsh water level using L-band synthetic aperture radar backscatter: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 150, p. 66-81, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2014.03.031.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"66","endPage":"81","numberOfPages":"16","ipdsId":"IP-046291","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291726,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291700,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2014.03.031"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.0,23.5 ], [ -83.0,27.5 ], [ -78.0,27.5 ], [ -78.0,23.5 ], [ -83.0,23.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"150","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e1e1b4e4b0fe532be24a83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kim, Jin-Woo","contributorId":69486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"Jin-Woo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lu, Zhong 0000-0001-9181-1818 lu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-1818","contributorId":901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Zhong","email":"lu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":497610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, John W. 0000-0001-6117-3691 jwjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-3691","contributorId":2220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"John","email":"jwjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shum, C. K.","contributorId":85373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shum","given":"C. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lee, Hyongki","contributorId":14748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Hyongki","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jia, Yuanyuan","contributorId":35660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jia","given":"Yuanyuan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70119249,"text":"70119249 - 2014 - Density-stratified flow events in Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA: implications for mercury and salinity cycling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-14T16:03:01","indexId":"70119249","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-05T14:53:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":866,"text":"Aquatic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Density-stratified flow events in Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA: implications for mercury and salinity cycling","docAbstract":"Density stratification in saline and hypersaline water bodies from throughout the world can have large impacts on the internal cycling and loading of salinity, nutrients, and trace elements. High temporal resolution hydroacoustic and physical/chemical data were collected at two sites in Great Salt Lake (GSL), a saline lake in the western USA, to understand how density stratification may influence salinity and mercury (Hg) distributions. The first study site was in a causeway breach where saline water from GSL exchanges with less saline water from a flow restricted bay. Near-surface-specific conductance values measured in water at the breach displayed a good relationship with both flow and wind direction. No diurnal variations in the concentration of dissolved (<0.45 μm) methylmercury (MeHg) were observed during the 24-h sampling period; however, the highest proportion of particulate Hg<sub>total</sub> and MeHg loadings was observed during periods of elevated salinity. The second study site was located on the bottom of GSL where movement of a high-salinity water layer, referred to as the deep brine layer (DBL), is restricted to a naturally occurring 1.5-km-wide “spillway” structure. During selected time periods in April/May, 2012, wind-induced flow reversals in a railroad causeway breach, separating Gunnison and Gilbert Bays, were coupled with high-velocity flow pulses (up to 55 cm/s) in the DBL at the spillway site. These flow pulses were likely driven by a pressure response of highly saline water from Gunnison Bay flowing into the north basin of Gilbert Bay. Short-term flow reversal events measured at the railroad causeway breach have the ability to move measurable amounts of salt and Hg from Gunnison Bay into the DBL. Future disturbance to the steady state conditions currently imposed by the railroad causeway infrastructure could result in changes to the existing chemical balance between Gunnison and Gilbert Bays. Monitoring instruments were installed at six additional sites in the DBL during October 2012 to assess impacts from any future modifications to the railroad causeway.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10498-014-9237-8","usgsCitation":"Naftz, D.L., Carling, G.T., Angeroth, C., Freeman, M., Rowland, R., and Pazmino, E., 2014, Density-stratified flow events in Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA: implications for mercury and salinity cycling: Aquatic Geochemistry, v. 20, no. 6, p. 547-571, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10498-014-9237-8.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"547","endPage":"571","ipdsId":"IP-042028","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291724,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291721,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10498-014-9237-8"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Salt Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.9012,40.6237 ], [ -112.9012,41.299 ], [ -111.8002,41.299 ], [ -111.8002,40.6237 ], [ -112.9012,40.6237 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"20","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e1e1b3e4b0fe532be24a70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naftz, David L. 0000-0003-1130-6892 dlnaftz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1130-6892","contributorId":1041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naftz","given":"David","email":"dlnaftz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carling, Gregory T.","contributorId":11964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carling","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Angeroth, Cory","contributorId":75070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angeroth","given":"Cory","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Freeman, Michael","contributorId":51222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rowland, Ryan","contributorId":43685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"Ryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pazmino, Eddy","contributorId":62531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pazmino","given":"Eddy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70119129,"text":"70119129 - 2014 - Lateral baroclinic forcing enhances sediment transport from shallows to channel in an estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T11:25:10","indexId":"70119129","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-05T14:39:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lateral baroclinic forcing enhances sediment transport from shallows to channel in an estuary","docAbstract":"We investigate the dynamics governing exchange of sediment between estuarine shallows and the channel based on field measurements at eight stations spanning the interface between the channel and the extensive eastern shoals of South San Francisco Bay. The study site is characterized by longitudinally homogeneous bathymetry and a straight channel, with friction more important than the Coriolis forcing. Data were collected for 3 weeks in the winter and 4 weeks in the late summer of 2009, to capture a range of hydrologic and meteorologic conditions. The greatest sediment transport from shallows to channel occurred during a pair of strong, late-summer wind events, with westerly winds exceeding 10 m/s for more than 24 h. A combination of wind-driven barotropic return flow and lateral baroclinic circulation caused the transport. The lateral density gradient was produced by differences in temperature and suspended sediment concentration (SSC). During the wind events, SSC-induced vertical density stratification limited turbulent mixing at slack tides in the shallows, increasing the potential for two-layer exchange. The temperature- and SSC-induced lateral density gradient was comparable in strength to salinity-induced gradients in South Bay produced by seasonal freshwater inflows, but shorter in duration. In the absence of a lateral density gradient, suspended sediment flux at the channel slope was directed towards the shallows, both in winter and during summer sea breeze conditions, indicating the importance of baroclinically driven exchange to supply of sediment from the shallows to the channel in South San Francisco Bay and systems with similar bathymetry.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12237-013-9748-3","usgsCitation":"Lacy, J.R., Gladding, S., Brand, A., Collignon, A., and Stacey, M., 2014, Lateral baroclinic forcing enhances sediment transport from shallows to channel in an estuary: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 37, no. 5, p. 1058-1077, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-013-9748-3.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1058","endPage":"1077","ipdsId":"IP-044083","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291723,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"South San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.262079,37.550057 ], [ -122.262079,37.610474 ], [ -122.16324,37.610474 ], [ -122.16324,37.550057 ], [ -122.262079,37.550057 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"37","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e1e1b4e4b0fe532be24a7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lacy, Jessica R. 0000-0002-2797-6172 jlacy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2797-6172","contributorId":3158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacy","given":"Jessica","email":"jlacy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gladding, Steve","contributorId":54481,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gladding","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12776,"text":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,  University of California, Berkeley, California, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":497579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brand, Andreas","contributorId":32415,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brand","given":"Andreas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12775,"text":"Department of Surface Waters – Research and Management, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Kastanienbaum, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":497577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Collignon, Audric","contributorId":42895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collignon","given":"Audric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stacey, Mark T.","contributorId":94531,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stacey","given":"Mark T.","affiliations":[{"id":12776,"text":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,  University of California, Berkeley, California, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":497580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70119243,"text":"70119243 - 2014 - Comparison of surficial CO2 efflux to other measures of subsurface crude oil degradation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-14T16:10:08","indexId":"70119243","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-05T13:42:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Comparison of surficial CO<sub>2</sub> efflux to other measures of subsurface crude oil degradation","title":"Comparison of surficial CO2 efflux to other measures of subsurface crude oil degradation","docAbstract":"At a spill site near Bemidji, Minnesota, crude oil at the water table has been undergoing anaerobic biodegradation for over 30 years. Previous work at this site has shown that methane produced from biodegradation of the oil migrates upward and is oxidized in a methanotrophic zone midway between the water table and the surface. To compare microbial activity measurement methods from multiple locations in the oil body, surficial carbon dioxide efflux, methanogen and methanotroph concentrations, and oil degradation state were collected. Carbon dioxide effluxes over the oil body averaged more than four times those at the background site. Methanotrophic bacteria concentrations measured using pmoA were over 10<sup>5</sup> times higher above the oil-contaminated sediments compared with the background site. Methanogenic archaea measured using mcrA ranged from 10<sup>5</sup> to over 10<sup>7</sup> in the oil and were below detection in the background. Methanogens correlated very well with methanotroph concentrations (r = 0.99), n-alkylcyclohexane losses as a proxy for degradation state (r = − 0.96), and somewhat less well with carbon dioxide efflux (r = 0.92). Carbon dioxide efflux similarly correlated to methanotroph concentrations (r = 0.90) and n-alkylcyclohexane losses (r = − 0.91).","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.06.006","usgsCitation":"Warren, E., Sihota, N.J., Hostettler, F.D., and Bekins, B.A., 2014, Comparison of surficial CO2 efflux to other measures of subsurface crude oil degradation: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 164, p. 275-284, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.06.006.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"275","endPage":"284","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-057108","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291716,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291715,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.06.006"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 15 N","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Bemidji","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.119972,47.559731 ], [ -95.119972,47.582258 ], [ -95.072165,47.582258 ], [ -95.072165,47.559731 ], [ -95.119972,47.559731 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"164","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e1e1b1e4b0fe532be24a66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warren, Ean ewarren@usgs.gov","contributorId":1351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"Ean","email":"ewarren@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sihota, Natasha J.","contributorId":46431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sihota","given":"Natasha","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hostettler, Frances D. fdhostet@usgs.gov","contributorId":3383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostettler","given":"Frances","email":"fdhostet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":497608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bekins, Barbara A. 0000-0002-1411-6018 babekins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1411-6018","contributorId":1348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"Barbara","email":"babekins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70117791,"text":"sir20145141 - 2014 - Watershed characteristics and water-quality trends and loads in 12 watersheds in Gwinnett County, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T13:13:47","indexId":"sir20145141","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-04T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5141","title":"Watershed characteristics and water-quality trends and loads in 12 watersheds in Gwinnett County, Georgia","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Gwinnett County Department of Water Resources, established a Long-Term Trend Monitoring (LTTM) program in 1996. The LTTM program is a comprehensive, long-term, water-quantity and water-quality monitoring program designed to document and analyze the hydrologic and water-quality conditions of selected watersheds of Gwinnett County, Georgia. Water-quality monitoring initially began in six watersheds and was expanded to another six watersheds in 2001.</p>\n<br>\n<p>As part of the LTTM program, streamflow, precipitation, water temperature, specific conductance, and turbidity were measured continuously at the 12 watershed monitoring stations for water years 2004–09. In addition, discrete water-quality samples were collected seasonally from May through October (summer) and November through April (winter), including one base-flow and three stormflow event composite samples, during the study period. Samples were analyzed for nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), total organic carbon, trace elements (total lead and total zinc), total dissolved solids, and total suspended sediment (total suspended solids and suspended-sediment concentrations). The sampling scheme was designed to identify variations in water quality both hydrologically and seasonally.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The 12 watersheds were characterized for basin slope, population density, land use for 2009, and the percentage of impervious area from 2000 to 2009. Precipitation in water years 2004–09 was about 18 percent below average, and the county experienced exceptional drought conditions and below average runoff in water years 2007 and 2008. Watershed water yields, the percentage of precipitation that results in runoff, typically are lower in low precipitation years and are higher for watersheds with the highest percentages of impervious areas.</p>\n<br>\n<p>A comparison of base-flow and stormflow water-quality samples indicates that turbidity and concentrations of total ammonia plus organic nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total organic carbon, total lead, total zinc, total suspended solids, and suspended-sediment concentrations increased with increasing discharge at all watersheds. Specific conductance, however, decreased during stormflow at all watersheds, and total dissolved solids concentrations decreased during stormflow at a few of the watersheds. Total suspended solids and suspended-sediment concentrations typically were two orders of magnitude higher in stormflow samples, turbidities were about 1.5 orders of magnitude higher, total phosphorus and total zinc were about one order of magnitude higher, and total ammonia plus organic nitrogen, total nitrogen, total organic carbon, and total lead were about twofold higher than in base-flow samples.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Seasonal patterns and long-term trends in flow-adjusted water-quality concentrations were identified for five representative constituents—total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total zinc, total dissolved solids, and total suspended solids. Seasonal patterns for all five constituents were fairly similar, with higher concentrations in the summer and lower concentrations in the winter. Significant linear long-term trends in stormflow composite concentrations were identified for 36 of the 60 constituent-watershed combinations (5 constituents multiplied by 12 watersheds) for the period of record through water year 2011. Significant trends typically were decreasing for total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total suspended solids, and total zinc and increasing for total dissolved solids. Total dissolved solids and total suspended solids trends had the largest magnitude changes per year.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Stream water loads were estimated for 10 water-quality constituents. These estimates represent the cumulative effects of watershed characteristics, hydrologic processes, biogeochemical processes, climatic variability, and human influences on watershed water quality. Yields, in load per unit area, were used to compare loads from watersheds with different sizes. A load estimation approach developed for the Gwinnett County LTTM program that incorporates storm-event composited samples was used with some minor modifications. This approach employs the commonly used regression-model method. Concentrations were modeled as a function of discharge, time, season, and turbidity to improve model predictions and reduce errors in load estimates. Total suspended solids annual loads have been identified in Gwinnett County’s Watershed Protection Plan for target performance criterion.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The amount of annual runoff is the primary factor in determining the amount of annual constituent loads. Below average runoff during water years 2004–09, especially during water years 2006–08, resulted in corresponding below average loads. Variations in constituent yields between watersheds appeared to be related to various watershed characteristics. Suspended sediment (total suspended solids and suspended-sediment concentrations) along with constituents transported predominately in solid phase (total phosphorus, total organic carbon, total lead, and total zinc) and total dissolved solids typically had higher yields from watersheds that had high percentages of impervious areas or high basin slope. High total nitrogen yields were also associated with watersheds with high percentages of impervious areas. Low total nitrogen, total suspended solids, total lead, and total zinc yields appear to be associated with watersheds that have a low percentage of high-density development. Total suspended solids yields were lower in drought years, water years 2007–08, from the combined effects of less runoff and the result of fewer, lower magnitude storms, which likely resulted in less surface erosion and lower stream sediment transport.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145141","isbn":"9781411338159","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Gwinnett County Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Joiner, J.K., Aulenbach, B.T., and Landers, M.N., 2014, Watershed characteristics and water-quality trends and loads in 12 watersheds in Gwinnett County, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5141, viii, 79 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145141.","productDescription":"viii, 79 p.","numberOfPages":"92","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057246","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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,{"id":70120476,"text":"70120476 - 2014 - Continuous estimation of baseflow in snowmelt-dominated streams and rivers in the Upper Colorado River Basin: A chemical hydrograph separation approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-03T14:56:27","indexId":"70120476","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-01T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Continuous estimation of baseflow in snowmelt-dominated streams and rivers in the Upper Colorado River Basin: A chemical hydrograph separation approach","docAbstract":"<p>Effective science-based management of water resources in large basins requires a qualitative understanding of hydrologic conditions and quantitative measures of the various components of the water budget, including difficult to measure components such as baseflow discharge to streams. Using widely available discharge and continuously collected specific conductance (SC) data, we adapted and applied a long established chemical hydrograph separation approach to quantify daily and representative annual baseflow discharge at fourteen streams and rivers at large spatial (&gt; 1,000 km<sup>2</sup> watersheds) and temporal (up to 37 years) scales in the Upper Colorado River Basin. On average, annual baseflow was 21-58% of annual stream discharge, 13-45% of discharge during snowmelt, and 40-86% of discharge during low-flow conditions. Results suggest that reservoirs may act to store baseflow discharged to the stream during snowmelt and release that baseflow during low-flow conditions, and that irrigation return flows may contribute to increases in fall baseflow in heavily irrigated watersheds. The chemical hydrograph separation approach, and associated conceptual model defined here provide a basis for the identification of land use, management, and climate effects on baseflow.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/2013WR014939","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.P., Susong, D.D., Shope, C.L., Heilweil, V.M., and Stolp, B.J., 2014, Continuous estimation of baseflow in snowmelt-dominated streams and rivers in the Upper Colorado River Basin: A chemical hydrograph separation approach: Water Resources Research, v. 50, no. 8, p. 6986-6999, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013WR014939.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"6986","endPage":"6999","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052142","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472837,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index 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,{"id":70129219,"text":"70129219 - 2014 - A mass balance approach to investigating geochemical controls on secondary water quality impacts at a crude oil spill site near Bemidji, MN","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-14T16:48:05","indexId":"70129219","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-01T09:52:17","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A mass balance approach to investigating geochemical controls on secondary water quality impacts at a crude oil spill site near Bemidji, MN","docAbstract":"<p>Secondary water quality impacts can result from a broad range of coupled reactions triggered by primary groundwater contaminants. Data from a crude-oil spill research site near Bemidji, MN provide an ideal test case for investigating the complex interactions controlling secondary impacts, including depleted dissolved oxygen and elevated organic carbon, inorganic carbon, CH<sub>4</sub>, Mn, Fe, and other dissolved ions. To better understand these secondary impacts, this study began with an extensive data compilation of various data types, comprising aqueous, sediment, gas, and oil phases, covering a 260 m cross-sectional domain over 30 years. Mass balance calculations are used to quantify pathways that control secondary components, by using the data to constrain the sources and sinks for the important redox processes. The results show that oil constituents other than BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, <i>o</i>-, <i>m</i>- and <i>p</i>-xylenes), including <i>n</i>-alkanes and other aromatic compounds, play significant roles in plume evolution and secondary water quality impacts. The analysis underscores previous results on the importance of non-aqueous phases. Over 99.9% of the Fe<sup>2+</sup> plume is attenuated by immobilization on sediments as Fe(II) and 85&ndash;95% of the carbon biodegradation products are outgassed. Gaps identified in carbon and Fe mass balances and in pH buffering mechanisms are used to formulate a new conceptual model. This new model includes direct out-gassing of CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> from organic carbon biodegradation, dissolution of directly produced CO<sub>2</sub>, and sorption with H<sup>+</sup> exchange to improve pH buffering. The identification of these mechanisms extends understanding of natural attenuation of potential secondary impacts at enhanced reductive dechlorination sites, particularly for reduced Fe plumes, produced CH<sub>4</sub>, and pH perturbations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.04.006","usgsCitation":"Ng, G., Bekins, B.A., Cozzarelli, I.M., Baedecker, M., Bennett, P.C., and Amos, R.T., 2014, A mass balance approach to investigating geochemical controls on secondary water quality impacts at a crude oil spill site near Bemidji, MN: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 164, p. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.04.006.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053326","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472841,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.04.006","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":295516,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295484,"rank":1,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.04.006"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Bemidji","volume":"164","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5447759ae4b0f888a81b82e8","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.04.006","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.04.006","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Ng G.-H. Crystal, Bekins Barbara A., Cozzarelli Isabelle M., Baedecker Mary Jo, Bennett Philip C., Amos Richard T.","journalName":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","publicationDate":"8/2014","auditedOn":"7/24/2015","publiclyAccessibleDate":"5/24/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ng, Gene-Hua Crystal","contributorId":7212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ng","given":"Gene-Hua Crystal","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bekins, Barbara A. 0000-0002-1411-6018 babekins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1411-6018","contributorId":1348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"Barbara","email":"babekins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. 0000-0002-5123-1007 icozzare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":1693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"Isabelle","email":"icozzare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baedecker, Mary Jo","contributorId":68671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baedecker","given":"Mary Jo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bennett, Philip C.","contributorId":30567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Amos, Richard T.","contributorId":69081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amos","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70155237,"text":"70155237 - 2014 - Integrated assessment of runoff from livestock farming operations: analytical chemistry, in vitro bioassays, and in vivo fish exposures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T16:01:45","indexId":"70155237","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrated assessment of runoff from livestock farming operations: analytical chemistry, in vitro bioassays, and in vivo fish exposures","docAbstract":"<p><span>Animal waste from livestock farming operations can contain varying levels of natural and synthetic androgens and/or estrogens, which can contaminate surrounding waterways. In the present study, surface stream water was collected from 6 basins containing livestock farming operations. Aqueous concentrations of 12 hormones were determined via chemical analyses. Relative androgenic and estrogenic activity was measured using in vitro cell assays (MDA-kb2 and T47D-Kbluc assays, respectively). In parallel, 48-h static-renewal in vivo exposures were conducted to examine potential endocrine-disrupting effects in fathead minnows. Mature fish were exposed to surface water dilutions (0%, 25%, 50%, and 100%) and 10-ng/L of 17&alpha;-ethynylestradiol or 50-ng/L of 17&beta;-trenbolone as positive controls. Hepatic expression of vitellogenin and estrogen receptor &alpha; mRNA, gonadal ex vivo testosterone and 17&beta;-estradiol production, and plasma vitellogenin concentrations were examined. Potentially estrogenic and androgenic steroids were detected at low nanogram per liter concentrations. In vitro estrogenic activity was detected in all samples, whereas androgenic activity was detected in only 1 sample. In vivo exposures to the surface water had no significant dose-dependent effect on any of the biological endpoints, with the exception of increased male testosterone production in 1 exposure. The present study, which combines analytical chemistry measurements, in vitro bioassays, and in vivo fish exposures, highlights the integrated value and future use of a combination of techniques to obtain a comprehensive characterization of an environmental chemical mixture.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.2627","usgsCitation":"Cavallin, J.E., Durhan, E.J., Evans, N., Jensen, K.M., Kahl, M.D., Kolpin, D.W., Kolodziej, E., Foreman, W.T., LaLone, C.A., Makynen, E.A., Seidl, S.M., Thomas, L., Villeneuve, D.L., Weberg, M.A., Wilson, V., and Ankley, G., 2014, Integrated assessment of runoff from livestock farming operations: analytical chemistry, in vitro bioassays, and in vivo fish exposures: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 33, no. 8, p. 1849-1857, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2627.","productDescription":"9 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,{"id":70171520,"text":"70171520 - 2014 - Long-term trends in alkalinity in large rivers of the conterminous US in relation to acidification, agriculture, and hydrologic modification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-03T16:36:25","indexId":"70171520","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term trends in alkalinity in large rivers of the conterminous US in relation to acidification, agriculture, and hydrologic modification","docAbstract":"<p><span>Alkalinity increases in large rivers of the conterminous US are well known, but less is understood about the processes leading to these trends as compared with headwater systems more intensively examined in conjunction with acid deposition studies. Nevertheless, large rivers are important conduits of inorganic carbon and other solutes to coastal areas and may have substantial influence on coastal calcium carbonate saturation dynamics. We examined long-term (mid-20th to early 21st century) trends in alkalinity and other weathering products in 23 rivers of the conterminous US. We used a rigorous flow-weighting technique which allowed greater focus on solute trends occurring independently of changes in flow. Increasing alkalinity concentrations and yield were widespread, occurring at 14 and 13 stations, respectively. Analysis of trends in other weathering products suggested that the causes of alkalinity trends were diverse, but at many stations alkalinity increases coincided with decreasing nitrate&nbsp;+&nbsp;sulfate and decreasing cation:alkalinity ratios, which is consistent with recovery from acidification. A positive correlation between the Sen&ndash;Thiel slopes of alkalinity increases and agricultural lime usage indicated that agricultural lime contributed to increasing solute concentration in some areas. However, several stations including the Altamaha, Upper Mississippi, and San Joaquin Rivers exhibited solute trends, such as increasing cation:alkalinity ratios and increasing nitrate&nbsp;+&nbsp;sulfate, more consistent with increasing acidity, emphasizing that multiple processes affect alkalinity trends in large rivers. This study was unique in its examination of alkalinity trends in large rivers covering a wide range of climate and land use types, but more detailed analyses will help to better elucidate temporal changes to river solutes and especially the effects they may have on coastal calcium carbonate saturation state.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.054","usgsCitation":"Stets, E., Kelly, V.J., and Crawford, C.G., 2014, Long-term trends in alkalinity in large rivers of the conterminous US in relation to acidification, agriculture, and hydrologic modification: Science of the Total Environment, v. 488-489, p. 280-289, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.054.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"280","endPage":"289","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056164","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central 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,{"id":70111464,"text":"sir20145077 - 2014 - Effects of hydrologic modifications on salinity and formation of hypoxia in the Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet and adjacent waterways, southeastern Louisiana, 2008 to 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-29T16:20:37","indexId":"sir20145077","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-29T16:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5077","title":"Effects of hydrologic modifications on salinity and formation of hypoxia in the Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet and adjacent waterways, southeastern Louisiana, 2008 to 2012","docAbstract":"<p>The Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet (MRGO) was constructed between 1958 and 1968 to provide a safer and shorter route between the Gulf of Mexico and the Port of New Orleans for ocean-going vessels. In 2006, the U.S. Congress directed the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to develop and implement a plan to deauthorize a portion of the MRGO ship channel from its confluence with the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway to the Gulf of Mexico. In 2009, in accordance with plans submitted to Congress, the USACE built a rock barrier across the MRGO near Hopedale, Louisiana. Following Hurricane Katrina, Congress also authorized the USACE to implement the Hurricane Storm Damage Risk Reduction System (HSDRRS) by building structures in the MRGO and adjacent surface waters, to reduce vulnerability of this area to storm surge. The HSDRRS includes the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway-Lake Borgne Surge Barrier and Gate Complex near mile 58 of the deauthorized portion of the MRGO and the Seabrook Gate Complex on the Inner Harbor Navigation Canal (IHNC). By blocking or limiting tidal exchange in the MRGO, these barriers could affect water quality in the MRGO and nearby waters including Lake Pontchartrain, the IHNC, and Lake Borgne. In 2008, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the USACE, began a study to document the effects of the construction activities on salinity and dissolved oxygen in these surface waters. Data were collected from August 2008 through October 2012.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Completion of the rock barrier in the vicinity of mile 35 in July 2009 reduced hydrologic circulation and separated the MRGO into two distinct salinity regimes, with substantially fresher conditions prevailing upstream from the rock barrier. The rock barrier also contributed to a zone of hypoxia (dissolved oxygen less than 2 milligrams per liter) that formed along the channel bottom during the warmer summer months in each year of this monitoring; the zone was much more developed downstream from the rock barrier. The most extensive hypoxic zone was measured in October 2009 when it extended at least 34 miles in the MRGO, from mile 20 to mile 54. Construction of the surge barrier and flood gates did not affect salinity or dissolved oxygen in any comparable manner.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The factors that contributed the most to hypoxia in the MRGO were the reductions in tidal water movement there after completion of the rock barrier combined with the channel depth in the MRGO, in places 10 to 30 feet deeper than surrounding surface water bodies. These factors helped to stratify salinity by reducing vertical mixing in the water column.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145077","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Swarzenski, C.M., and Mize, S.V., 2014, Effects of hydrologic modifications on salinity and formation of hypoxia in the Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet and adjacent waterways, southeastern Louisiana, 2008 to 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5077, vi, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145077.","productDescription":"vi, 21 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-052992","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291366,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145077.jpg"},{"id":291362,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5077/"},{"id":291365,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5077/pdf/sir2014-5077.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River-gulf Outlet","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.0,29.5 ], [ -90.0,30.0 ], [ -89.166667,30.0 ], [ -89.166667,29.5 ], [ -90.0,29.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f097e4b0bc0bec09f857","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swarzenski, Christopher M. 0000-0001-9843-1471 cswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9843-1471","contributorId":656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Christopher","email":"cswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mize, Scott V. 0000-0001-6751-5568 svmize@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6751-5568","contributorId":2997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mize","given":"Scott","email":"svmize@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70118369,"text":"70118369 - 2014 - Identifying dominant controls on hydrologic parameter transfer from gauged to ungauged catchments: a comparative hydrology approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-29T14:04:05","indexId":"70118369","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-29T13:58:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying dominant controls on hydrologic parameter transfer from gauged to ungauged catchments: a comparative hydrology approach","docAbstract":"Daily streamflow information is critical for solving various hydrologic problems, though observations of continuous streamflow for model calibration are available at only a small fraction of the world’s rivers. One approach to estimate daily streamflow at an ungauged location is to transfer rainfall–runoff model parameters calibrated at a gauged (donor) catchment to an ungauged (receiver) catchment of interest. Central to this approach is the selection of a hydrologically similar donor. No single metric or set of metrics of hydrologic similarity have been demonstrated to consistently select a suitable donor catchment. We design an experiment to diagnose the dominant controls on successful hydrologic model parameter transfer. We calibrate a lumped rainfall–runoff model to 83 stream gauges across the United States. All locations are USGS reference gauges with minimal human influence. Parameter sets from the calibrated models are then transferred to each of the other catchments and the performance of the transferred parameters is assessed. This transfer experiment is carried out both at the scale of the entire US and then for six geographic regions. We use classification and regression tree (CART) analysis to determine the relationship between catchment similarity and performance of transferred parameters. Similarity is defined using physical/climatic catchment characteristics, as well as streamflow response characteristics (signatures such as baseflow index and runoff ratio). Across the entire US, successful parameter transfer is governed by similarity in elevation and climate, and high similarity in streamflow signatures. Controls vary for different geographic regions though. Geology followed by drainage, topography and climate constitute the dominant similarity metrics in forested eastern mountains and plateaus, whereas agricultural land use relates most strongly with successful parameter transfer in the humid plains.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.06.030","usgsCitation":"Singh, R., Archfield, S., and Wagener, T., 2014, Identifying dominant controls on hydrologic parameter transfer from gauged to ungauged catchments: a comparative hydrology approach: Journal of Hydrology, v. 517, p. 985-996, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.06.030.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"985","endPage":"996","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-054107","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291335,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291202,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.06.030"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"517","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f097e4b0bc0bec09f85f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singh, R.","contributorId":82591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singh","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Archfield, S.A.","contributorId":38763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archfield","given":"S.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wagener, T.","contributorId":36350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagener","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70114209,"text":"sir20145107 - 2014 - Occurrence and transport of nitrogen in the Big Sunflower River, northwestern Mississippi, October 2009-June 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-29T08:14:25","indexId":"sir20145107","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-28T16:29:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5107","title":"Occurrence and transport of nitrogen in the Big Sunflower River, northwestern Mississippi, October 2009-June 2011","docAbstract":"<p>The Big Sunflower River Basin, located within the Yazoo River Basin, is subject to large annual inputs of nitrogen from agriculture, atmospheric deposition, and point sources. Understanding how nutrients are transported in, and downstream from, the Big Sunflower River is key to quantifying their eutrophying effects on the Gulf. Recent results from two Spatially Referenced Regressions on Watershed attributes (SPARROW models), which include the Big Sunflower River, indicate minimal losses of nitrogen in stream reaches typical of the main channels of major river systems. If SPARROW assumptions of relatively conservative transport of nitrogen are correct and surface-water losses through the bed of the Big Sunflower River are negligible, then options for managing nutrient loads to the Gulf of Mexico may be limited. Simply put, if every pound of nitrogen entering the Delta is eventually delivered to the Gulf, then the only effective nutrient management option in the Delta is to reduce inputs. If, on the other hand, it can be shown that processes within river channels of the Mississippi Delta act to reduce the mass of nitrogen in transport, other hydrologic approaches may be designed to further limit nitrogen transport. Direct validation of existing SPARROW models for the Delta is a first step in assessing the assumptions underlying those models.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>In order to characterize spatial and temporal variability of nitrogen in the Big Sunflower River Basin, water samples were collected at four U.S. Geological Survey gaging stations located on the Big Sunflower River between October 1, 2009, and June 30, 2011. Nitrogen concentrations were generally highest at each site during the spring of the 2010 water year and the fall and winter of the 2011 water year. Additionally, the dominant form of nitrogen varied between sites. For example, in samples collected from the most upstream site (Clarksdale), the concentration of organic nitrogen was generally higher than the concentrations of ammonia and nitrate plus nitrite; conversely, at sites farther downstream (that is, at Sunflower and Anguilla), nitrate plus nitrite concentrations were generally higher than concentrations of organic nitrogen and ammonia.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>In addition to the routinely collected samples, water samples from the Big Sunflower River Basin were collected using a Lagrangian sampling scheme, which attempts to follow a single mass of water through time in order to determine how it changes through processing or other pathways as the water moves downstream. Lagrangian sampling was conducted five times during the study period: (1) April 8–21, 2010, (2) May 12–June 3, 2010, (3) June 15–July 1, 2010, (4) August 23–30, 2010, and (5) May 16–20, 2011. Streamflow conditions were variable for each sampling event because of input from local precipitation and irrigation return flow, and streamflow losses through the streambed. Streamflow and total nitrogen flux increased with drainage area, and the dominant form of nitrogen varied with drainage area size and temporally across sampling events.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Results from each method indicate relatively conservative transport of nitrogen within the 160 miles between Clarksdale and Anguilla, providing further validation of the SPARROW models. Furthermore, these results suggest relatively conservative transport of nitrogen from the Big Sunflower River to the Gulf of Mexico and, therefore, imply a fairly close association of nutrient application and export from the Big Sunflower River Basin to the Mississippi River. However, within the Big Sunflower River Basin, two potential nitrogen sinks were identified and include the transport and potential transformation of nitrogen through the streambed and the sequestration and potential transformation of nitrogen above the drainage control structures downstream of Anguilla. By coupling these potential loss mechanisms with nitrogen transport dynamics, it may be possible to further reduce the amount of nitrogen leaving the Big Sunflower River Basin and ultimately arriving at the Gulf of Mexico.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145107","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the United States Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg District","usgsCitation":"Barlow, J.R., and Coupe, R.H., 2014, Occurrence and transport of nitrogen in the Big Sunflower River, northwestern Mississippi, October 2009-June 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5107, Report: vi, 29 p.; Appendix 1, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145107.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 29 p.; Appendix 1","numberOfPages":"39","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2009-10-01","temporalEnd":"2011-06-30","ipdsId":"IP-040979","costCenters":[{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291229,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145107.jpg"},{"id":291226,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5107/"},{"id":291227,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5107/pdf/sir2014-5107.pdf"},{"id":291228,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5107/appendix/sir2014-5107_appendix1.xlsx"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas;Louisiana;Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Big Sunflower River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91.25,32.75 ], [ -91.25,34.75 ], [ -90.50,34.75 ], [ -90.50,32.75 ], [ -91.25,32.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barlow, Jeannie R.B.","contributorId":33965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"Jeannie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coupe, Richard H. 0000-0001-8679-1015 rhcoupe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8679-1015","contributorId":551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coupe","given":"Richard","email":"rhcoupe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70116319,"text":"sir20145128 - 2014 - Flood-inundation maps for the North Branch Elkhart River at Cosperville, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-24T14:02:59","indexId":"sir20145128","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-24T13:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5128","title":"Flood-inundation maps for the North Branch Elkhart River at Cosperville, Indiana","docAbstract":"<p>Digital flood-inundation maps for a reach of the North Branch Elkhart River at Cosperville, Indiana (Ind.), were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Detroit District. The inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at <a href=\"http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/\" target=\"_blank\">http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/</a> depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at USGS streamgage 04100222, North Branch Elkhart River at Cosperville, Ind. Current conditions for estimating near-real-time areas of inundation using USGS streamgage information may be obtained on the Internet at <a href=\"http://waterdata.usgs.gov/in/nwis/uv?site_no=04100222\" target=\"_blank\">http://waterdata.usgs.gov/in/nwis/uv?site_no=04100222</a>. In addition, information has been provided to the National Weather Service (NWS) for incorporation into their Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) flood warning system (<a href=\"http:/water.weather.gov/ahps/\" target=\"_blank\">http:/water.weather.gov/ahps/</a>). The NWS AHPS forecasts flood hydrographs at many places that are often colocated with USGS streamgages, including the North Branch Elkhart River at Cosperville, Ind. NWS AHPS-forecast peak-stage information may be used in conjunction with the maps developed in this study to show predicted areas of flood inundation.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>For this study, flood profiles were computed for the North Branch Elkhart River reach by means of a one-dimensional step-backwater model. The hydraulic model was calibrated by using the most current stage-discharge relations at USGS streamgage 04100222, North Branch Elkhart River at Cosperville, Ind., and preliminary high-water marks from the flood of March 1982. The calibrated hydraulic model was then used to determine four water-surface profiles for flood stages at 1-foot intervals referenced to the streamgage datum and ranging from bankfull to the highest stage of the current stage-discharge rating curve. The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geographic information system (GIS) digital elevation model (DEM, derived from Light Detection and Ranging [LiDAR]) in order to delineate the area flooded at each water level.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The availability of these maps, along with Internet information regarding current stage from the USGS streamgage 04100222, North Branch Elkhart River at Cosperville, Ind., and forecast stream stages from the NWS AHPS, provides emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities such as evacuations and road closures, as well as for post-flood recovery efforts.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145128","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Detroit District","usgsCitation":"Kim, M.H., and Johnson, E.M., 2014, Flood-inundation maps for the North Branch Elkhart River at Cosperville, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5128, Report: iv, 9 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145128.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 9 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-054937","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290943,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145128.jpg"},{"id":290941,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5128/pdf/sir2014-5128.pdf"},{"id":290942,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5128/downloads"},{"id":290932,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5128/"}],"projection":"Indiana State Plane Eastern Zone","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"Cosperville","otherGeospatial":"North Branch Elkhart River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -85.504146,41.464805 ], [ -85.504146,41.525172 ], [ -85.379777,41.525172 ], [ -85.379777,41.464805 ], [ -85.504146,41.464805 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kim, Moon H. 0000-0002-4328-8409 mkim@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4328-8409","contributorId":3211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"Moon","email":"mkim@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Esther M.","contributorId":80199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Esther","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70117643,"text":"70117643 - 2014 - Incorporation of inorganic mercury (Hg2+) in pelagic food webs of ultraoligotrophic and oligotrophic lakes: the role of different plankton size fractions and species assemblages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-14T15:53:51","indexId":"70117643","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-24T12:52:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Incorporation of inorganic mercury (Hg<sup>2+</sup>) in pelagic food webs of ultraoligotrophic and oligotrophic lakes: the role of different plankton size fractions and species assemblages","title":"Incorporation of inorganic mercury (Hg2+) in pelagic food webs of ultraoligotrophic and oligotrophic lakes: the role of different plankton size fractions and species assemblages","docAbstract":"In lake food webs, pelagic basal organisms such as bacteria and phytoplankton incorporate mercury (Hg<sup>2+</sup>) from the dissolved phase and pass the adsorbed and internalized Hg to higher trophic levels. This experimental investigation addresses the incorporation of dissolved Hg<sup>2+</sup> by four plankton fractions (picoplankton: 0.2–2.7 μm; pico + nanoplankton: 0.2–20 μm; microplankton: 20–50 μm; and mesoplankton: 50–200 μm) obtained from four Andean Patagonian lakes, using the radioisotope <sup>197</sup>Hg<sup>2+</sup>. Species composition and abundance were determined in each plankton fraction. In addition, morphometric parameters such as surface and biovolume were calculated using standard geometric models. The incorporation of Hg<sup>2+</sup> in each plankton fraction was analyzed through three concentration factors: BCF (bioconcentration factor) as a function of cell or individual abundance, SCF (surface concentration factor) and VCF (volume concentration factor) as functions of individual exposed surface and biovolume, respectively. Overall, this investigation showed that through adsorption and internalization, pico + nanoplankton play a central role leading the incorporation of Hg<sup>2+</sup> in pelagic food webs of Andean lakes. Larger planktonic organisms included in the micro- and mesoplankton fractions incorporate Hg<sup>2+</sup> by surface adsorption, although at a lesser extent. Mixotrophic bacterivorous organisms dominate the different plankton fractions of the lakes connecting trophic levels through microbial loops (e.g., bacteria–nanoflagellates–crustaceans; bacteria–ciliates–crustaceans; endosymbiotic algae–ciliates). These bacterivorous organisms, which incorporate Hg from the dissolved phase and through their prey, appear to explain the high incorporation of Hg<sup>2+</sup> observed in all the plankton fractions.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.138","usgsCitation":"Soto Cardenas, C., Dieguez, M.C., Ribeiro Guevara, S., Marvin-DiPasquale, M., and Queimalinos, C.P., 2014, Incorporation of inorganic mercury (Hg2+) in pelagic food webs of ultraoligotrophic and oligotrophic lakes: the role of different plankton size fractions and species assemblages: Science of the Total Environment, v. 494-495, p. 65-73, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.138.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"73","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-057656","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472859,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.138","text":"External Repository"},{"id":290926,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290922,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.138"}],"country":"Argentina","otherGeospatial":"Patagonia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.599917,-41.115272 ], [ -71.599917,-41.050014 ], [ -71.460364,-41.050014 ], [ -71.460364,-41.115272 ], [ -71.599917,-41.115272 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"494-495","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soto Cardenas, Carolina","contributorId":28535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soto Cardenas","given":"Carolina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dieguez, Maria C.","contributorId":41336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dieguez","given":"Maria","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ribeiro Guevara, Sergio","contributorId":11956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribeiro Guevara","given":"Sergio","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark","contributorId":57423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Queimalinos, Claudia P.","contributorId":23437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Queimalinos","given":"Claudia","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70117800,"text":"70117800 - 2014 - Detecting well casing leaks in Bangladesh using a salt spiking method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T16:30:47","indexId":"70117800","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-24T11:53:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detecting well casing leaks in Bangladesh using a salt spiking method","docAbstract":"We apply fluid-replacement logging in arsenic-contaminated regions of Bangladesh using a low-cost, down-well fluid conductivity logging tool to detect leaks in the cased section of wells. The fluid-conductivity tool is designed for the developing world: it is lightweight and easily transportable, operable by one person, and can be built for minimal cost. The fluid-replacement test identifies leaking casing by comparison of fluid conductivity logs collected before and after spiking the wellbore with a sodium chloride tracer. Here, we present results of fluid-replacement logging tests from both leaking and non-leaking casing from wells in Araihazar and Munshiganj, Bangladesh, and demonstrate that the low-cost tool produces measurements comparable to those obtained with a standard geophysical logging tool. Finally, we suggest well testing procedures and approaches for preventing casing leaks in Bangladesh and other developing countries.","language":"English","publisher":"State Water Control Board","publisherLocation":"Richmond, VA","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12200","usgsCitation":"Stahl, M., Ong, J., Harvey, C., Johnson, C., Badruzzaman, A., Tarek, M., VanGeen, A., Anderson, J., and Lane, J.W., 2014, Detecting well casing leaks in Bangladesh using a salt spiking method: Ground Water, v. 52, no. S1, p. 195-200, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12200.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"195","endPage":"200","numberOfPages":"6","ipdsId":"IP-052307","costCenters":[{"id":496,"text":"Office of Groundwater-Branch of Geophysics","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472860,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4393651","text":"External Repository"},{"id":290910,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290888,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12200"}],"country":"Bangladesh","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 88.01,20.75 ], [ 88.01,26.63 ], [ 92.68,26.63 ], [ 92.68,20.75 ], [ 88.01,20.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"52","issue":"S1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422bb20e4b08312ac7cefd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stahl, M.O.","contributorId":10339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stahl","given":"M.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ong, J.B.","contributorId":18278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ong","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harvey, C.F.","contributorId":62477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, C. D.","contributorId":8120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Badruzzaman, A.B.M.","contributorId":35653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Badruzzaman","given":"A.B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tarek, M.H.","contributorId":11127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tarek","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"VanGeen, A.","contributorId":84086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanGeen","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Anderson, J.A.","contributorId":60387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lane, J. W.","contributorId":31431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70117614,"text":"70117614 - 2014 - Widespread occurrence of neonicotinoid insecticides in streams in a high corn and soybean producing region, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T16:28:07","indexId":"70117614","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-24T09:51:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Widespread occurrence of neonicotinoid insecticides in streams in a high corn and soybean producing region, USA","docAbstract":"Neonicotinoid insecticides are of environmental concern, but little is known about their occurrence in surface water. An area of intense corn and soybean production in the Midwestern United States was chosen to study this issue because of the high agricultural use of neonicotinoids via both seed treatments and other forms of application. Water samples were collected from nine stream sites during the 2013 growing season. The results for the 79 water samples documented similar patterns among sites for both frequency of detection and concentration (maximum:median) with clothianidin (75%, 257 ng/L:8.2 ng/L) > thiamethoxam (47%, 185 ng/L:<2 ng/L) > imidacloprid (23%, 42.7 ng/L: <2 ng/L). Neonicotinoids were detected at all nine sites sampled even though the basin areas spanned four orders of magnitude. Temporal patterns in concentrations reveal pulses of neonicotinoids associated with rainfall events during crop planting, suggesting seed treatments as their likely source.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2014.06.033","usgsCitation":"Hladik, M., Kolpin, D.W., and Kuivila, K., 2014, Widespread occurrence of neonicotinoid insecticides in streams in a high corn and soybean producing region, USA: Environmental Pollution, v. 193, p. 189-196, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.06.033.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"189","endPage":"196","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-055109","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290863,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290738,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.06.033"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.52,40.01 ], [ -97.52,44.43 ], [ -89.6,44.43 ], [ -89.6,40.01 ], [ -97.52,40.01 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"193","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hladik, Michelle 0000-0002-0891-2712 mhladik@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0891-2712","contributorId":784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hladik","given":"Michelle","email":"mhladik@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":496037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuivila, Kathryn  0000-0001-7940-489X kkuivila@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-489X","contributorId":1367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"Kathryn ","email":"kkuivila@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":496039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70117644,"text":"sir20145118 - 2014 - Flood inundation maps and water-surface profiles for tropical storm Irene and selected annual exceedance probability floods for Flint Brook and the Third Branch White River in Roxbury, Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-10T18:52:04","indexId":"sir20145118","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-24T09:31:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5118","title":"Flood inundation maps and water-surface profiles for tropical storm Irene and selected annual exceedance probability floods for Flint Brook and the Third Branch White River in Roxbury, Vermont","docAbstract":"<p>Flint Brook, a tributary to the Third Branch White River in Roxbury, Vermont, has a history of flooding the Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department’s Roxbury Fish Culture Station (the hatchery) and surrounding infrastructure. Flooding resulting from tropical storm Irene on August 28–29, 2011, caused widespread destruction in the region, including extensive and costly damages to the State-owned hatchery and the transportation infrastructure in the Town of Roxbury, Vermont. Sections of State Route 12A were washed out, and several bridges and culverts on Oxbow Road, Thurston Hill Road, and the New England Central Railroad in Roxbury were heavily damaged. Record high peak-discharge estimates of 2,140 cubic feet per second (ft<sup>3</sup>/s) and 4,320 ft<sup>3</sup>/s were calculated for Flint Brook at its confluence with the Third Branch White River and for the Third Branch White River at about 350 feet (ft) downstream from the hatchery, respectively. The annual exceedance probabilities (AEPs) of the peak discharges for Flint Brook and the Third Branch White River were less than 0.2 percent (less than a one in 500 chance of occurring in a given year). Hydrologic and hydraulic analyses of Flint Brook and the Third Branch White River were done to investigate flooding at the hatchery in Roxbury and support efforts by the Federal Emergency Management Agency to assist State and local mitigation and reconstruction efforts.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>During the August 2011 flood, the majority of flow from Flint Brook (97 percent or 2,070 ft<sup>3</sup>/s) diverged from its primary watercourse due to a retaining wall failure immediately upstream of Oxbow Road and inundated the hatchery. Although a minor amount of flow from the Third Branch White River could have overtopped State Route 12A and spilled into the hatchery, the Third Branch White River did not cause flood damages or exacerbate flooding at the hatchery during the August 2011 flood. The Third Branch White River which flows adjacent to the hatchery does not flood the hatchery for the 10-, 2-, 1, or 0.2-percent annual exceedance probabilities. The simulated water-surface elevations for August 2011 flood equal the elevations of State Route 12A about 500 ft downstream of Thurston Hill Road adjacent to the troughs between the rearing ponds.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Four flood mitigation alternatives being considered by the Vermont Agency of Transportation to improve the hydraulic performance of Flint Brook and reduce the risk of flooding at the hatchery include: (A) no changes to the infrastructure or existing alignment of Flint Brook (existing conditions [2014]), (B) structural changes to the bridges and the existing retaining wall along Flint Brook, (C) realignment of Flint Brook to flow along the south side of Oxbow Road to accommodate larger stream discharges, and (D) a diversion channel for flows greater than 1-percent annual exceedance probability. Although the 10-, 2-, and 1-percent AEP floods do not flood the hatchery under alternative A (no changes to the infrastructure), the 0.2-percent AEP flow still poses a flooding threat to the hatchery because flow will continue to overtop the existing retaining wall and flood the hatchery. Under the other mitigation alternatives (B, C, and D) that include some variation of structural changes to bridges, a retaining wall, and (or) channel, the peak discharges for the 10-, 2-, 1-, and 0.2-percent annual exceedance probabilities do not flood the hatchery.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Water-surface profiles and flood inundation maps of the August 2011 flood and the 10-, 2-, 1-, and 0.2-percent AEPs for four mitigation alternatives were developed for Flint Brook and the Third Branch White River in the vicinity of the hatchery and can be used by the Federal, State, and local agencies to better understand the potential for future flooding at the hatchery.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145118","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Ahearn, E.A., and Lombard, P., 2014, Flood inundation maps and water-surface profiles for tropical storm Irene and selected annual exceedance probability floods for Flint Brook and the Third Branch White River in Roxbury, Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5118, iv, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145118.","productDescription":"iv, 35 p.","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-057665","costCenters":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290860,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145118.jpg"},{"id":290739,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5118/"},{"id":290859,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5118/pdf/sir2014-5118.pdf"}],"projection":"Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"Vermont","city":"Roxbury","otherGeospatial":"Flint Brook;Third Branch White River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72.745833,44.0625 ], [ -72.745833,44.075 ], [ -72.741667,44.075 ], [ -72.741667,44.0625 ], [ -72.745833,44.0625 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a8e4b0bc0bec09f8db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ahearn, Elizabeth A. 0000-0002-5633-2640 eaahearn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5633-2640","contributorId":194658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahearn","given":"Elizabeth","email":"eaahearn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":496050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lombard, Pamela J. 0000-0002-0983-1906","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0983-1906","contributorId":23899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lombard","given":"Pamela J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70189090,"text":"70189090 - 2014 - Application of near-surface geophysics as part of a hydrologic study of a subsurface drip irrigation system along the Powder River floodplain near Arvada, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-29T14:59:50","indexId":"70189090","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of near-surface geophysics as part of a hydrologic study of a subsurface drip irrigation system along the Powder River floodplain near Arvada, Wyoming","docAbstract":"<p id=\"sp0005\">Rapid development of coalbed natural gas (CBNG) production in the Powder River Basin (PRB) of Wyoming has occurred since 1997. National attention related to CBNG development has focused on produced water management, which is the single largest cost for on-shore domestic producers. Low-cost treatment technologies allow operators to reduce their disposal costs, provide treated water for beneficial use, and stimulate oil and gas production by small operators. Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) systems are one potential treatment option that allows for increased CBNG production by providing a beneficial use for the produced water in farmland irrigation.</p><p id=\"sp0010\">Water management practices in the development of CBNG in Wyoming have been aided by integrated geophysical, geochemical, and hydrologic studies of both the disposal and utilization of water. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) have utilized multi-frequency airborne, ground, and borehole electromagnetic (EM) and ground resistivity methods to characterize the near-surface hydrogeology in areas of produced water disposal. These surveys provide near-surface EM data that can be compared with results of previous surveys to monitor changes in soils and local hydrology over time as the produced water is discharged through SDI.</p><p id=\"sp0015\">The focus of this investigation is the Headgate Draw SDI site, situated adjacent to the Powder River near the confluence of a major tributary, Crazy Woman Creek, in Johnson County, Wyoming. The SDI system was installed during the summer of 2008 and began operation in October of 2008. Ground, borehole, and helicopter electromagnetic (HEM) conductivity surveys were conducted at the site prior to the installation of the SDI system. After the installation of the subsurface drip irrigation system, ground EM surveys have been performed quarterly (weather permitting). The geophysical surveys map the heterogeneity of the near-surface geology and hydrology of the study area. The geophysical data are consistent between surveys using different techniques and between surveys carried out at different times from 2007 through 2011. This paper summarizes geophysical results from the 4-year monitoring study of the SDI system.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2013.10.009","usgsCitation":"Sams, J., Veloski, G., Smith, B.D., Minsley, B.J., Engle, M.A., Lipinski, B.A., Hammack, R.W., and Zupancic, J.W., 2014, Application of near-surface geophysics as part of a hydrologic study of a subsurface drip irrigation system along the Powder River floodplain near Arvada, Wyoming: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 126, p. 128-139, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2013.10.009.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"128","endPage":"139","ipdsId":"IP-045676","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343160,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Powder River floodplain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.14084720611572,\n              44.482728653624804\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.10921859741211,\n              44.482728653624804\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.10921859741211,\n              44.49984185895695\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.14084720611572,\n              44.49984185895695\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.14084720611572,\n              44.482728653624804\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"126","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595611c1e4b0d1f9f050679d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sams, James I.","contributorId":193983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sams","given":"James I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Veloski, Garret","contributorId":193984,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Veloski","given":"Garret","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Bruce D. 0000-0002-1643-2997 bsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-2997","contributorId":845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Bruce","email":"bsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Minsley, Burke J. 0000-0003-1689-1306 bminsley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1689-1306","contributorId":697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minsley","given":"Burke","email":"bminsley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Engle, Mark A. 0000-0001-5258-7374 engle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-7374","contributorId":584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"Mark","email":"engle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lipinski, Brian A.","contributorId":193985,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lipinski","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hammack, Richard W.","contributorId":150019,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hammack","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":17887,"text":"National Energy Technology Laboratory, Department of Energy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":702822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zupancic, John W.","contributorId":193986,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zupancic","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
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